SLAMM 6.2 beta, User`s Manual - Warren Pinnacle Consulting, Inc.
Contents
1. About SLAMM window The About window displays the mode s build number and also provides buttons to link to the source code and information about SLAMM s License SLAMM is open source software and is licensed under the Common Public License CPL Starting a New Project To start a project from scratch click New Simulation The next steps are to locate the required site data layers entering the site parameters and modifying the map attributes First locate the data layers by clicking File Setup SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Expanded opening screen E SLAMM v6 2 beta E work SLAMM Hawaii Kakahaia_64b SLAMM6 File Help Load Simulation Save Simulation Save As New Simulation SLAMM Simulation Name Kakahaia Description Execute Set Map Attributes For Sites with Salt Wedge Estuaries Freshwater Flow Parameters Initial Map Zoom Salinity Analysis Site Parameters 100 y Elev Statistics 0 Figure 2 Expanded opening screen Once a project is loaded the user is presented with a variety of options Figure 2 e Execute A t E Leads to the Simulation Execution screen e File Setup Alt S Specify file locations and memory management options Leads to the File Setup screen e Site Parameters Specify dates accretion rates etc for each site and sub site Leads to the Site Parameter screen e Elev S2. Many features that had been hidden within the source code have been brought forward into the graphical user interface GUI allowing for additional flexibility when operating the model The interface has also increased in complexity SLAMM 6 2 has built on this functionality by e Increasing the degree of model flexibility accessible though the GUI e Addition of uncertainty and sensitivity modules e Conversion of the program to a 64 bit platform A 32 bit version is also available This document is intended to help the user navigate the SLAMM 6 2 interface Please use the SLAMM Forum to ask SLAMM interface questions as well as other technical questions about the SLAMM Model It is our goal for the forum to serve as a knowledgebase for model users SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Opening Screen G 6 SLAMM v6 2 beta October 2012 64 bit File Help Load Simulation Save Simulation Save As New Simulation Figure 1 SLAMM 6 2 opening screen After opening the SLAMM 6 executable the user is presented with several options Figure 1 e Load Simulation Loads existing SLAMM 6 projects e Save Simulation Saves current project in SLAMM 6 binary format or text format see below e Save As Used to save the project under a different name or file type e New Simulation Starts a new SLAMM 6 2 project Make sure to set up the file structure in File Setup before Executing A SLAMM6 f
3. left and right arrow keys slide the vantage point to the left and right Changes to camera orientation can be made by pressing the left mouse button and moving the mouse Toggle Wireframe Provides a 3D view in wireframe mode as opposed to opaque polygons This view is usually better for revealing elevation distinctions Tide range slider Draws water at the salt boundary mean higher high water mean tide level or mean lower low water This can be used to examine the elevations of tides against land cover classifications Z axis Resize Magnifies elevation values This is particularly useful when viewing areas with low vertical relief Speed Changes the navigation speed 26 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Profile Tool This feature enables the user to view either a vertical or horizontal slice of a segment of land Cell elevations are presented in meters above mean tide level and each cell color corresponds to its NWI value in the SLAMM raster Clicking on a cell in the profile window will reveal its elevation IS SLAMM PROFILE TOOL WI woe Depth Profile N Meters Above MTL gt Oo NW AW O o 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 400 2 600 2 800 Length of Profile in Meters 27 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Freshwater Flow Parameters For each freshwater flow specified a characterization of river flow salinity and other physical character
4. the end of the simulation Currently capped at 2100 as nearly all available estimates of SLR end on this date Run Model for Specific Years the user may enter a time series of years that the model will then run through The entry format is a list of years separated by commas This is very useful for hindcasting for example or if the user has a reason that outputs on specific years is desirable Years run prior to 1990 will be subject to the historical SLR specified and years run after 1990 will be subject to the SLR scenario selected for the given model run Data to Save e Save Tabular Data Only Saves tabular results from model runs but not ASCII raster outputs e Save Output for GIS Saves both tabular results and the raster outputs from model runs e GIS File Options Provides options to list specific years for GIS output New to SLAMM 6 Rasters of Elevations relative to MTL and Salinity may be output F GIS Options Write GIS File Every Year Only write GIS File in years shown below 2100 e g 2025 2050 2100 Save Raster of Elevations Relative to MTL when saving GIS output Save Salinity Rasters 11 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Display Maps on Screen e Pause with Examination Tools Pauses before model execution Allows for controlled progression of simulation and examination of maps and diagnostic tools for each step of a scenario run Often referred to as ru
5. Map E work SLAMM Hawaii Kakahaia_64b SLAMM6 Edit Input or Output Subsites Analysis Tools NO Show 9 Fresh Flows Input Sites Output Sites Show Selected Define Boundary 5o yypary Est Name Highlight Cells DEFINED ae NO ORIGIN Delete 7 FW Flow Parameters Define Origin Mouth MOUTH DEFINED e Zoom Changes the dimensions of the output map on the screen Note this change is not saved and reflected in the Word document output maps e Show lines Show All Shows either the lines of the currently selected object only or all of the objects with the currently selected object highlighted in yellow The user has access to elevation tools 3D mapping and profile tools on the Analysis Tools tab Edit Input or Output Subsites Analysis Tools Map Type Zoom SLAM Map v 100 F Show Dikes Copy to Clipboard Raster Output Shown none Toggle ROS Save Simulation 3D Graphing X 7 Pan Image 5 o SLAMM Map vw SLAMM Map Elevations Salinity MLLW _ Salinity MTL Salinity MHHW Salinity 30D Accretion Subsidence MTL NAVD88 Marsh Erosion Beach Erosion Simplified Categ Connectivity e Map type drop down SLAMM can display several types of maps o The default SLAMM map is a land category map o An elevation map may be displayed with a color gradient ranging from 2 0 meters to 7 0 meters o If the optional salinity model is included while runn
6. a given location The Spatial A C parameter varies from zero no correlation up to 0 25 perfect correlation A value of 0 25 is not possible as the entire map cannot have perfect correlation but values approaching 0 25 e g 0 2495 will result in strong spatial autocorrelation When the model is run iteratively as part of an uncertainty analysis a similar map will be derived randomly for each iteration and added to the DEM or NAVD88 correction map specified DEM Uncertainty RMSE in m Point Estimate Global 0 12 Elevation Map Legend Elev Map R M S E 0 12 P Val 0 2495 Min blue 0 18 Max red 0 18 Distribution Type Triangular Uniform Normal Lognormal Elevation Uncert Distribution Parameters RM S E 0 12 Spatial A C 0 2495 Iterations to Make Map 410 _ Update Graph Map shown above is NOT a multiplier Hunter G J and Goodchild M F 1997 Modeling the uncertainty of slope and aspect estimates derived from spatial databases Geographical Analysis 29 1 35 49 16 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Run Sensitivity Analysis SLAMM 6 2 includes a built in sensitivity analysis module which may be used to examine the sensitivity of multiple model outputs to multiple model input parameters The user first selects which model parameters to vary and specifies the percentage by which to vary them When executed the model iteratively steps through each of the par
7. be specified which affects salinity calculations Additionally the slope of the salt wedge may be specified This is a calibration parameter which affects the depth at which fresh water and salt water meet The depth of the salt wedge is back calculated from the farthest extent of fresh water influence as a function of river mile and the tide range The origin of the salt wedge may also be specified as a function of river km calculated with kilometers increasing when moving from the defined origin to the mouth of the river If this parameter is not specified the origin is set to the most oceanic defined extent of fresh water influence The calculated river km for each defined estuary may be viewed using the following procedure Execute the model select pause with examination tools Select the next step button until the salinity initial condition has been calculated Select the salinity tools from the analysis tools and hover the mouse over a portion of the map The RiverKM for the cell is now displayed along with other descriptive statistics describing the geometry of the salt wedge Salinity Analysis Similar to an elevation analysis a Salinity Analysis displays statistics about predicted salinities as a function of land cover type 29 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual J Initial Condition Salinity By Wetland Category Oj DER 2087 0 15 9006 27 8059 19 6645 284869 0 0 17 0058 29 2557 22 0559 29 307 o 0 0 5 25141 13
8. connectivity simplified category and salinity maps SLAMM tool drop down menu Edit Input or Output Subsites Analysis Tools Map Type Zoom SLAMM Map 100 Profile Tool v Pan Im Profile Tool 3D Graphing Cell Attributes SubSite Attributes Salinity Info Profile Tool Displays a 2 dimensional cross section of a 1 Demensional slice of the map See Profile Tool 3D Graphing Displays a 3D representation of the area selected in the map See 3D Graphing Cell Attributes Displays attributes of whatever cell the cursor is hovering over Attributes include cell categories elevations accretion rates maximum fetch salinity slope and uplift Sub site Attributes Displays attributes of the sub site the cursor is currently hovering over including the name and a summary of the parameters associated with that sub site Salinity Info Displays salinity information for a cell such as the river kilometer distance to channel retention time and the predicted salt wedge height at MHHW The first time step must have occurred so that the salinity model is initialized to see these outputs Show Dikes Visually shows or hides the dike layer on the map Dikes are displayed in a yellow color Elevation Analysis For areas that are not pre processed elevation analysis displays statistics of elevation distribution across land types See elevation 20 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual
9. on these options In addition Dike layers may be variable by year To load a new dike file on a particular year in which the model produces output add another dike layer to the project directory with the four digit year following the dike layer name For example Base_dike txt Base_dike2025 txt and Base_dike2050 txt e Pct Impervious File Links the percent impervious GIS layer to the project Units are integers from 0 to 100 impervious e Raster Output Sites File Optional A Raster Output Site file is an integer based raster file in which each cell is uniquely identified as being in or out of a set of output summaries This allows for all cells in a particular polygon city or county boundaries for example to be included in a set of maps and tables of output Cells outside of the raster layer should be identified with zeros Multiple raster output sites may be specified in a single input raster using sequentially increasing integers 1 for the first site 2 for the second etc e VDATUM File Links an optional spatial representation of VDATUM elevation corrections to the project Raster contains conversions from the vertical datum input to mean tide level as required by the model If this raster is specified the site or sub site based MTL minus NAVD88 correction factor is not utilized except for no data regions within the raster file e Uplift Subsidence File Links an optional spat
10. 44 2 55315 182 387 34 561 61 1465 Cypress Swamp HTU Meters o 2 69139 51174 2 1232 84 0459 18 3216 38 3332 Inland Fresh Marsh Meters 12 2 69139 22432 2 03241 178 463 30 429 52 9714 Tidal Fresh Marsh Meters 2 69139 46002 0 670574 9 70048 2 24392 2 69549 Trans Salt Marsh Salt Elev 1 2 3587 0 841694 3 2508 1 58874 0 763913 Regularly Flooded Marsh HTU 1 2 248304 0 0237904 1 12359 0 709663 0 380544 O O m O m O m m Mangrove Salt Elev 1 2 0 0 0 o 0 Estuarine Beach Salt Elev 1 2 9499 1 00652 1 45552 0 0911666 0 85768 Tidal Flat Meters z 0 69 0 790319 1 45551 1 07491 0 198727 Ocean Beach Salt Elev 1 2 0 574372 2 58554 0 812165 1 01693 Ocean Flat Meters 0 0 0 clarita TA h e e e e Rocky Intertidal Salt Elev 1 2 0 0 4 Last Elevation Analysis 4 9 2012 2 16 33 PM Run Elevation Analysis ExporttoExcel The elevation analysis window is a powerful tool that allows for site characterization and makes SLAMM assumptions regarding elevation ranges are now editable for site specific adjustments if required Columns displayed include e Min Elev Editable The elevation that SLAMM assumes is the minimum elevation for this class in the units shown in the cell to the right This is a critical parameter as it defines the elevation relative to MTL below which a wetland is assumed to convert to another wetland class or open water e Min Unit Editable Units may be o Salt Elev or the distance from th
11. 543 20 1656 Tidal Fresh Marsh 23 4723 23 9162 24 2437 25 4039 25 6247 25 7911 Trans Salt Marsh 1 42294 11 3478 18 1884 0 18 234 22 885 Da nilach Diana inem an esco nn 3707 a c encan nn 744n eaim Export to Excel Salinity Histogram Regularly Flooded Marsh Tidal Flat Jv Reg Flooded Marsh Irreg Flooded Marsh Vegetated Tidal Flat IV Irreg Flood Marsh J Tidal Fresh Marsh J Tidal Swamp I Swamp v Tidal Fla V Vea Tidal Flat Backshore M Undev Dry Land 7 Dev Dry Land 15 MHHW v Salinity ppt V Suppress Zero Salinity Copy Graph to Clipboard Define Salinity Rules 2 rules defined DONE The salinity matrix is not editable and includes the 5 and 95 percentile and mean salinities for a given wetland type at low tide MLLW mean tide MTL and high tide MHHW and the salt elevation usually defined as the 30 day flood tide 30D Like the elevation analysis a graphic histogram of salinities by land cover may be produced This is quite useful for understanding the relationship between salinities and wetland types These relationships can then be used to specify a set of Salinity Rules that affect model behavior Salinity Rules The salinity model provides for disambiguation between wetland types when their elevation ranges overlap In this case salinity may be used to define when one 30 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual category is predicted to change to the next The user may define as man
12. Correction File Selected using MTL NAVD corrections in site subsite records Uplift Subidence File a i 7 E Browse Re check Files Validity Base Output File Name Browse Cells to Track 17 066 Count D Track All Cells ae lization in GB 0 00154 2 Do not Track Blank Do not Track High Elevations and Open Water l Save simulation E 4 This window allows the user to add ASCII raster GIS files to a project All raster files must have identical dimensions projections and locations e DEM File elevation Links the DEM GIS layer to the project Required to run a simulation Units are meters above the vertical datum usually NAVD88 e SLAMM Categories NWI Links the wetland categories GIS layer to the project Required to run a simulation Integers corresponding with SLAMM categories See the Technical Documentation for a complete list e SLOPE File Links the slope GIS layer to the project Required to run a simulation Units are degrees e Dike File Links the dike levee GIS layer to the project Two types of dike files may be used a classic dike raster in which Cells marked with zero have no dike but cells with integer values above zero are assumed to be protected by dikes or levees until the land behind the dikes are 2 m below man seal level and a dike SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual location raster which specifies dike heights See the Technical Documentation for further information
13. SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual December 2012 warren pinnacle consulting inc PO Box 315 Waitsfield VT 05673 802 496 3476 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Contents Acknowledgement Snanam E A E EE aa iesala a aiaa 1 INtrOdUCtON ass a a E reer a E a E are Perc me E E ere aR er 1 Opening Sereen ai a este 2 Starting a N w Project iii A a a aa a ia aaa aaa aa 3 EXpa ded OPENINE STE Ni EE AEE O A OEE E AAE has 4 SLAM IM File SU is 5 Edit Sitesand S b sit S nyaneut i aa AN ds 7 SEAMIEXeCUtION SEN A A 10 Run Sensitivity ANALYSIS aiii AAA Ai ii 17 Set Map Attrib t S nean a escama 18 Elevation Ana lVS iS viana as 22 IDC Bi AA AAA AA AAA 24 Pro MS OO di ecos 27 Freshwater ElowWParameter sotana dedito 28 Salinity Analysis naet a a a a a ER aes 29 Salinity RUE Snia A AA A AAA AA E e 30 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Acknowledgements This document is maintained Warren Pinnacle Consulting Inc Jonathan Clough Amy Polaczyk and Marco Propato and has undergone revision to include updates funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service The original version of this document was prepared by Jonathan Clough and Evan Larson for Roger Fuller a Landscape Ecologist with The Nature Conservancy in Mount Vernon WA Many thanks for his help in recognizing the need for such a document and assisting with the document production Introduction SLAMM 6 was a significant step forward with regards to graphical model interface
14. ameters and varies them by a specified percent in the positive and negative direction and saves model results in an Excel file r SLAMM Sensitivity Analysis File Creates a latin hypercube uncertainty or parameter sensitivity shell around SLAMM 6 Add Parameter Parameter multipliers will be applied to all sub sites equally ej gt Remove Parameter Percent to Vary 15 Return to Execute Window 17 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Set Map Attributes This window includes many tools to define and examine model inputs and outputs and is now organized in a tabbed ribbon format SLAMM Map E work SLAMM Hawaii Kakahaia_64b SLAMM6 Edit Input or Output Subsites Analysis Tools Edit Cells Show Fresh Flows Input Sites Output Sites Show Selected Define Boundary on BOUNDARY Zoom Add Sub site Subsite Parameters DEFINED es Show All Delete gt On the Edit Input or Output Subsites tab the following options are available e Input Sites Input sites are polygonal areas used to modify model parameters in a specific region o First Add an input site then give it an identifying name o Click define boundary to define the location of the sub site Each click on the map represents another point in the polygon Double clicking or right mouse button clicking will close the polygon o Show sub site parameters Enables user to change sub site
15. analysis This important screen also allows a user to edit the assumed elevation range for each wetland class Toggle ROS Displays Raster Output Sites if included in project The cells included in the raster output site will be shown in white A user may also perform simple edits to a SLAMM Raster map using some simple drawing and fill tools located in the Edit Cells tab o SLAMM Map Es work SLAMM Hawaiil Kakahaia_64b SLAMM6 Edit Input or Output Subsites Analysis Tools Edit Cells Draw Cells Pen Width Zoom _Fin Cells TEE Draw Fill Dikes Blank to Dry Land a E 8 sided fill Draw Fill Ho Dikes Fill Polygon With Cells Show Dikes e Draw Cells Used to manually draw particular SLAMM wetland classes on the map The dropdown menu to the right indicates the cell width of the drawing pen A second dropdown menu contains all of the SLAMM wetland categories After this option is checked clicking on the map will draw the selected wetland category onto the NWI raster When leaving the map attributes screen the user is asked if these edits are to be saved to the ASCII input file e Fill Cells Like the fill feature in Microsoft Paint this option is used to change the value of a contiguous chunk of one SLAMM land category to another category If eight sided fill is checked then the fill function will also fill same type cells that are diagonally attached to the area a k a bish
16. ange of wetlands For these statistics to be accurate it is important that the NWI date and DEM date are reasonably close Otherwise for a given cell the elevation data may describe a land cover class that has converted to another class in the interim An elevation analysis is only run for cells that are not set to be processed with the pre processor The assumption is if elevation data are poor enough to require the elevation pre processor statistics regarding those elevations are unlikely to be useful to the user Also diked cells are excluded Note to run the elevation analysis the entire digital elevation map must be loaded through the Set Map Attributes button or execute in debug mode You cannot run an elevation analysis if this screen is accessed through the main SLAMM interface Statistics can then be compared against SLAMM assumptions for each wetland category to ensure that the SLAMM conceptual model matches up with the available elevation data for the site If significant differences exist then the user will need to determine if this is because of e Elevation data e g problems with vertical datum corrections e NWI data problems e g out of date map or horizontal inaccuracy e Problems with the conceptual model for some site specific reason that hopefully can be determined and described Available Statistics include e n cells The number of cells covered by that land category Statistics based on small sample sizes s
17. certainty Analysis File Creates a latin hypercube uncertainty or parameter sensitivity shell around SLAMM 6 Distributions are multipliers and apply to all sub sites equally Remove Distribution Edit Input Distribution Use Random Seed Run 20 iterations Use Non Random Seed Optional start GIS 4 Seed for Pseudo a output at number Random Generator A d Clicking the Add Distribution button first provides a list of variables that can be represented as distributions 13 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual J Select Parameter to Distribute la alEss lec sE ams SLR by 2100 mult DEM Uncertainty RMSE in m Historic trend mult NAVDE8S MTL mult NAVD88 Uncert Map RMSE in m GT Great Diurnal Tide Range m Salt Elev mult Marsh Erosion mult Swamp Erosion mult T Flat Erosion mult Reg Flood Marsh Accr mult Irreg Flood Marsh Accr mult Tidal Fresh Marsh Accr mult Inland Fresh Marsh Accr mult Mangrove Accr mult Tidal Swamp Accr mult Swamp Accretion mult Beach Sed Rate mult Freq Overwash mult Max Width Overwash mult Beach to Ocean Overwash mult Dryland to Beach Overwash mult Estuary to Beach Overwash mult Marsh Pct Loss Overwash mult Mang Pct Loss Overwash mult Reg Flood Max Accr mult Reg Flood Min Accr mult Reg Flood Elev a coeff mult Reg Flood Elev b coeff mult Reg Flood El
18. ct e Notes A text string to document chosen model SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual SLAMM Execution Screen SLAMM Execution Options SLR scenarios to Run IPCC 2001 or Fixed Scenarios Estimates and or Fixed TAB i Rise by 2100 an oli a Min CAT J Mean 1 meter das Y Max 1 5 meters A A2 Ae 2 meters F B2 Y Custom 1 m by 2100 D Display Maps on screen Pause with Examination Tools Automatically Paste Maps to Word 1x Raster Output Save Maps to GIF Files Also Save Salinity Accretion Maps Additional Simplified Category Maps No Maps Quicker Execution Protection Scenarios to Run Y Don t Protect Protect Developed Dry Land Protect All Dry Land Y Run Model for NWI Photo Date TO Time Step years 25 Last Year of Simulation 2100 Run Model for Specific Years e g 2050 2075 2100 Data to Save 0 Save Tabular Data Only Save Output for GIS GIS File Options Run Latin Hypercube Analysis 4 Include Dikes No Data Elevs Loaded as Blanks Y Use Soil Saturation V Use Connectivity Algorithm E Use Bruun Rule for Ocean Beach Erosion Run Sensitivity Analysis Uncertainty Sensitivity Setup Save simulation Execute Return to Main Menu SLR Scenarios to Run e Scenarios and Estimates A list
19. e salt boundary to the mean tide level o HTU or one half tide unit MHHW minus MTL o Meters above MTL e Max Elev Editable The maximum elevation that SLAMM assumes for this land category This only has an effect if the Elevation Pre Processor is utilized to estimate elevations for each wetland cell Dry lands elevations below the salt boundary will be pre processed so dry land upper elevations should be set to the lowest contour interval from the map being utilized SLAMM is not currently set up to model sea level fall or aggradation In other words wetlands do not change to other types when their maximum elevation is exceeded e Max Unit Editable Units as above Salt Elev HTU or Meters e Min HTU orm Non Editable The minimum SLAMM assumed elevation as converted to half tide or metric units depending on the Units selection in the 22 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual box at the upper right This is converted for comparison with map data as discussed below e Max HTU orm Non Editable The maximum SLAMM assumed elevation as converted to half tide or metric units depending on the Units selection To the right of these columns are columns that remain empty until an elevation analysis is run An elevation analysis is an examination of statistics when the NWI cover class raster is combined with the digital elevation map SLAMM then returns statistics describing the elevation r
20. ell Separate models can be specified for regularly flooded marsh irregularly flooded marsh tidal flats and tidal fresh marsh For more information on these models see the Technical Documentation Also the user may benefit from working with the SLAMM6_Accretion Excel file that is included in the model s installation directory For each wetland type the following optional accretion parameters may be specified e Use Model Boolean defines whether the variable accretion model is utilized or whether constant accretion rates by wetland class are utilized e Max Accretion Rate mm year the maximum accretion rate that can be assigned by the model as a function of elevation e Min Accretion Rate mm year the minimum accretion rate that can be assigned e Accretion Rate Coefficients a cubic b Square and c linear unitless Define the shape of the relationship between accretion and elevation e Distance Effect Maximum meters Beyond this distance proximity to channel has no additional effect e Minimum Distance Effect unitless Set to 1 0 if no relationship between distance and accretion is desired e Salinity Turbidity Maximum ppt Intermediate salinity level in which maximum accretion occurs e Turbidity Maximum Zone ppt range of salinity over which there is some salinity effect e S Non Turbidity Maximum unitless Accretion limitation factor in region where there is no salinity effe
21. eshwater wetlands will be subject to saline inundation based on an uninterrupted low elevation pathway to estuarine or ocean water See the section on Connectivity in the SLAMM 6 2 Technical Documentation Use Bruun Rule for Ocean Beach Erosion if checked Ocean beach erosion is modeled using a relationship reported by Bruun whereby recession is 100 times the change in sea level Otherwise the beach erosion rate is set to the value specified for tidal flat erosion Execute Runs the SLAMM simulation with the current configuration Save simulation Saves current project configuration to the SLAMM6 file on disk Return to Main Menu returns to the opening screen saving any changes made 12 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Uncertainty and Sensitivity analysis options are discussed below Run Latin Hypercube Analysis SLAMM now includes a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis module to provide likelihood and confidence statistics of the results as a function of input uncertainties and errors A user may specify uncertainty distributions for almost all input variables included the rate of sea level rise by 2100 Changes in most parameters are specified using multipliers of existing parameter values Users may select the number of iterations run and specify the use of a random or non random seed By running uncertainty analyses with a non random seed the random sequence of random numbers generated will be reproducible SLAMM Un
22. ev c coeff mult Reg Flood D Effect Max mult Reg Flood D min mult Reg Flood Salinity Turb Max mult Reg Flood Turb Max Zone mult Reg Flood S Non T Max mult Irreg Flood Max Accr mult h Selecting one distribution presents the Distribution Information screen In this screen the user specifies the input parameter distribution and the mean and standard deviation of the multiplier used to represent the uncertainty around a parameter In most cases this distribution should be centered around 1 0 or the most likely point estimate In the current model version one multiplier is used for the same parameter for all subsites in the simulation The graph can be shown as either a probability or a cumulative distribution 14 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual r pariones O O OOOO Marsh Erosion mult Marsh Erosion mult Point Estimate Global 1 8 Normal Distribution Mean 1 Std Deviation 0 6 Probability Update Graph 15 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Uncertainty in the elevation layer is represented using a spatially autocorrelated map Adding spatial autocorrelation to the elevation errors accounts for likely spatial clustering of measurement error Hunter and Goodchild 1997 An example of a spatially autocorrelated map is drawn in a red to blue gradient using the Spatial A C parameter selected You may mouse over the map to see the vertical error estimate in
23. flats and beaches Frequency Overwash Large storm frequency Zero indicates no storms Use Elevation Pre processor Turns the elevation pre processor on or off The elevation pre processor is used for low quality elevation data and assigns wetland elevations on the basis of the wetland type the direction offshore and the tide range for the site Overwash Parameters may also be specified to fine tune the effects of large storms on a site or sub site basis Max Width Overwash meters Determines the horizontal width that SLAMM assumes is a barrier island or spit of land subject to overwash in the event of a large storm Beach to Ocean Overwash meters How much beach is horizontally converted to open ocean in the event of a large storm Dryland to Beach Overwash How much does the dry land to beach interface migrate in the event of overwash SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual e Estuary to Beach Overwash How much of the open water behind the barrier island is converted to beach in the event of overwash e Marsh and Mangrove Percent Loss What percentage of marsh and mangrove is lost due to sand transport in the event of overwash Accretion Parameters As specified in the Technical Documentation an alternative accretion model is now incorporated in the model that allows for feedbacks between cell elevation as a surrogate for frequency of inundation salinity and distance to channel and the rate of accretion for a given c
24. hould probably be discounted to some degree e 5 percentile and 95 percentile The 90 confidence interval for this particular land category in half tide units These can be compared with the Min HTU and Max HTU conceptual model columns e Mean St Dev The average elevation value and standard deviation in half tide units e Min Max The minimum and maximum elevation for this cell in half tide units These data are usually less useful as horizontal error in a single cell s classification can produce strange results e lt Min The current percentage of cells below the minimum elevation specified 23 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Note Double clicking on any column header will sort the entire table in ascending or descending order The Units dropdown box at the top of the window allows a user to convert the elevation analysis into units of half tide units or HTU or meters Using meters is usually more useful for microtidal systems The Zero dropdown box at the top of the window allows a user to convert the vertical datum used for the elevation analysis Using the buttons at the bottom of this screen a user can export these data to SLAMM or examine histograms of frequency vs elevation for selected wetland types as shown below ElevHist Developed Dry Land Elevation Histogram Undeveloped Dry Land Open Ocean Trreg Flooded Marsh Not Used raction Incidenc o F o o 3 Histogram Op
25. ially variable uplift subsidence GIS layer to the project Allows land movement to be specified where data permits in units of cm year Re check Files Validity Verifies that the files are in a valid format with all the same dimensions Located below each file name are values NRows and NCols The user will be notified if the dimensions a GIS layer varies from the DEM dimensions the benchmark or other error occurs Base Output File Name Specifies the location to save CSV output files and GIS outputs CSV outputs will be the base output file name with CSV appended GIS outputs will include the site or sub site name the year and the ascii file extension With 64 bit SLAMM memory management is now less important than in the 32 bit version However it may nonetheless be useful to track only a subset of cells for large sites to save memory The user has the ability to select which cells are analyzed during the simulation Once the cell tracking selection is made pressing the Count button reveals the number of cells that will be tracked and the corresponding amount of memory that these cells will occupy e Track All Cells Tracks every cell in the GIS layers e Do Not Track Blank Tracks every cell except for cells that have blank NWI value SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual e Do not Track High Elevations and Open Water Tracks every cell except those with open water and those that are 8 meters and above relati
26. ile is a binary file that contains all site parameters file names and directories color choices input and output site locations model parameters scenarios chosen and execution options In other words all project data is saved here with the exception of the required ASCII raster maps The project can also be saved into a text file format Choose Save As and then change the file type to txt Each line of the saved text file will labeled to clarify the SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual format of the file A complete technical specification for this file type is not available at this time but questions can be answered by examining the open source code or asking questions on the SLAMM Forum An additional feature available within the text file format is the allowance of batch mode runs To run the simulation automatically and then terminate the application on completion the last line of the text file must be changed to Executelmmediately True If the text file is passed to the SLAMM executable as a parameter the model will execute and terminate If when loading a text file SLAMM finds a line missing or something out of place it will produce an error message describing exactly what the problem is and on which line of the text file it occurred The file menu presents the user with the options noted above as well as a list of recently opened SLAMM 6 project files The help menu provides access to this Users Manual file as well as the
27. ing the model in debug mode pause with examination tools once the salinity model has been initialized a salinity map may be displayed with color gradients ranging from 0 to 30 ppt o The vertical accretion rate for various wetlands may also be displayed with a color gradient ranging from 0 to 10 mm year o Estimated subsidence rates in m year MTL_NAVD88 correction can be viewed for QA QC o Cumulative Marsh and Beach Erosion while running the model in debug mode O 19 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual o Simplified category maps may be displayed in which all SLAMM 66 categories are grouped into the upland freshwater non tidal open water low tidal saltmarsh transitional and freshwater tidal categories A Connectivity map may be derived which shows which cells have clear pathways to open water and which low lying areas are not connected to a saline source at the current time step 66 66 Deriving a legend for any of these map types will provide useful information about their meaning In addition see the SLAMM 6 2 Technical Documentation for more information on SLAMM modules used to derive these maps Zoom Changes the dimensions of the output map on the screen Note this change is not saved or reflected in the Word document output maps Legend Displays an editable legend of colors for SLAMM land categories Legends are also available for the accretion
28. istics must be entered erro roce Il Select Flow Name Altamaha Altamaha Tidal Swamp Max Elev m above MTL Ed Salinity of upstream fresh water input ppt 0 Salinity of salt water input ppt 35 Use Turbidity Factor Mean Flow cubic m s Year Value Year Value 536 292 To delete a record click on record and press lt Ctrl gt lt Del gt To insert click on table and press lt Ctrl gt lt Ins gt Data may be pasted into existing cells from Excel Slope of Salt Wedge m m 0 00012 If set to zero origin will be auto calculated to the drawn extent of freshwater influence Origin of Salt Wedge riverkm 65 Within areas that have defined freshwater flows swamp can be predicted to convert to tidal swamp on the basis of elevation This is the purpose of the Tidal Swamp Max Elev parameter When swamp falls below this elevation it will become tidal swamp Fresh water salinity may also be specified though it often is assumed to be 0 ppt A time varying turbidity factor may be specified If the turbidity factor is not utilized or is set to 1 0 then accretion inputs are not modified Otherwise calculated accretion rates are multiplied by the specified turbidity factor within this area of freshwater influence 28 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual This experimental factor may be used to investigate potential impacts of changes in turbidity on wetland fate A time varying freshwater flow may
29. nning the model in debug mode e Automatically Paste Maps to Word Outputs map results to new Microsoft Word document created by SLAMM The size of the raster 1x to 4x may be specified e Save Maps to GIF Files outputs GIF maps for each timestep e Save Salinity Accretion Maps outputs salinity and accretion maps to the same Word document as wetland maps e Additional Simplified Category Maps outputs maps using simplified categories to the same Word document as SLAMM category wetland maps provided for Ducks Unlimited No Maps Quicker Execution With this option selected simulation progress will not be illustrated for the user and no maps output Include Dikes Select this option if you have specified a dike raster layer and want to include it in the simulation execution Un checking this option will result in a model run assuming no dike protection is present Use Soil Saturation Occasionally the soil saturation algorithm is not desirable because it causes streaks to appear on model outputs This sub model may be turned off by unchecking this box No Data Elevs Loaded as Blanks When there is no data in the digital elevation map the default model behavior is to load these values as blanks as otherwise the model may produce misleading output This behavior may be modified here Use Connectivity Algorithm Turns on or off the SLAMM connectivity sub model This model determines whether dry lands or fr
30. of IPCC sea level rise scenarios to choose from See Technical Documentation for more detail Each scenario that is selected may be run for min mean or maximum within a single run e Fixed Rise by 2100 A list of 3 heights of sea level reached by 2100 1 meter of eustatic SLR 1 5 meters or 2 meters of eustatic SLR by 2100 These scenarios are generated by scaling up Scenario A1B Maximum from the IPCC simulations See Technical Documentation for more detail e Custom SLR in meters by 2100 A user may specify a SLR by 2100 Year by year changes are estimated by scaling up or down Scenario A1B Maximum from the IPCC simulations 10 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Protection Scenarios to Run e Don t Protect All land is potentially vulnerable to SLR e Protect Developed Dry Land All land is potentially vulnerable to SLR except developed dry land which is not allowed to change e Protect All Dry Land No dry land is vulnerable to inundation from SLR Run Model for NWI Photo Date TO Includes the time step for the NWI date in the model simulation This tool can assist in model calibration by ensuring that the model is accurately able to represent current conditions Time step years indicates the number of years between model solutions and output of tables and maps The first time step is variable so that the model can then step through the specified time steps size and end in the year 2100 Last Year of Simulation
31. on DEM Date Year of the flight or survey for the elevation data Direction Offshore Direction of water from the shoreline Multiple directions can be parameterized using sub sites This is often used by the model to get a sense of context for a particular cell e g is a cell adjacent to the open ocean which determines whether inundated dry land converts to ocean beach or marsh wetlands This is also used for the elevation pre processor if relevant Historic Trend The historic rate of sea level rise in mm year Used to estimate subsidence or uplift unless a raster file of land movement is specified MTL minus NAVD88 The elevation correction based on the mean tide level Variations of this correction across the site can be represented with sub sites This is not used if a VDATUM Raster is specified in which case this correction is made on a cell by cell basis GT Great Diurnal Tide Range Equivalent to the difference between MHHW and MLLW Salt Elevation The elevation at which dry land and fresh water wetlands begin Often defined as the elevation that is inundated by salt water less than every 30 days Marsh Swamp Tidal Flat Erosion Horizontal erosion rates for each land type Marsh Swamp Mangrove Accretion Values of vertical accretion for each land type This may be overridden by the additional accretion models if specified as discussed below Beach Sedimentation Rate Vertical accretion for tidal
32. op s position fill e Fill Polygon Within Cells Allows users to draw a polygon of a wetland type specified by the dropdown menu containing the SLAMM categories e Draw Fill Dikes or No Dikes With this selected the draw fill cell features edit the dike raster by adding or removing dikes e Blank to Dry Land because the NWI does not code dry land these cells often remain blank after GIS processing of the wetland layer This button allows a user to quickly fill in the blank cells that contain elevation information as dry land SLAMM will automatically distinguish between dry land and developed dry land through the percent impervious file if used e Toggle ROS Visually displays or hides the raster output sites ROS for a given map 21 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Elevation Analysis 1 Elevation Inputs and Analysi Elevation Inputs and Analysis HTU Half Tide Units approx 1 1325 meters based on Global Site Record Units HTU v Elevation Inputs and Analysis Diked areas pre processed areas and areas with no tide are excluded from these stats Zero MIL X SLAMM Category Min Elev Min Unit Max Elev MaxUnit Min HTU Max HTU n cells Sth Pct HTL 95th Pct H1 mean HTU st dev HTL Developed Dry Land Salt Elev e Meters 12 2 69139 124610 1 94166 88 1836 18 0167 39 4882 Undeveloped Dry Land Salt Elev 1 2 2 69139 687110 1 93095 188 188 32 9151 60 6949 Swamp Salt Elev Meters 1 2 2 69139 1682
33. parameters ie Dates accretion erosion etc See sub site parameters e Output Sites Output sites are used to create Word maps raster and tabular results for a specific location within the study area o Click define boundary to draw the rectangular output site Clicking once will define one corner of the rectangle After moving the mouse clicking again will place the rectangle on the map e Fresh Flows Fresh water flows may be defined that are required for the salinity sub model o First add a freshwater flow then define a boundary over which this fresh water flow has influence o Next define the pathway of the river including the modeled origin of the river and the mouth of the river where it empties into the estuary and a semi circular flow pattern away from the mouth of the river is assumed to start Multiple line segments may be specified to define this pathway starting up river and moving downward towards the mouth of the river o Fresh water flow parameters may then be edited e lf the user wishes to define a freshwater influenced area only but not to run the salinity model select the F W Extent only checkbox In this case the path of the river origin mouth does not need to be defined The salinity model will not be executed for this portion of the map but an alternative flow chart of habitat switching will be utilized as discussed in the Technical Documentation 18 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual SLAMM
34. tatistics This allows the user to examine elevation statistics and the SLAMM conceptual elevation model for the given site without going through the Set Map Attributes button Until the statistical analysis has been run for the first time it is not possible to run an elevation analysis unless the user goes through the Set Map Attributes interface Leads to the Elevation Analysis screen e Set Map Attributes A t M Set up maps of attributes and also examine initial condition maps Project maps are loaded prior to display of this screen Input sub sites output sites and freshwater flow locations may be specified here Leads to the Map Attributes screen e For sites with specified freshwater flows there is an option to run a Salinity Analysis and calibrate Freshwater Flow Parameters SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual SLAMM File Setup pa 4 SLAMM File Setup DEM File elevation Kakahaia_dem txt Browse required pis ET SLAMM Categories NWI swamp_dryland ASC Browse required NE SLOPE File kakahaia_slope txt Browse O an Dike File kakahaia_dike txt Browse optional MAA NET IAS LEE O Classic dike raster protected areas Dike location raster dike locations and height Pet Impervious File kakahaia_imp txt _Browse optional NRows 106 NCols 161 Raster Output Sites File kakahaia_nwr txt _Browse optional ig ows 106 NCo s 161 VDATUM File Browse optional No VDATUM
35. tions Horizontal Axis Options Minimum Units HTU d Auto Fixed 0 Zero MTL h Maximum Ere E M Auto Fixed 0 Copy graph to clipboard Save results to Excel 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Elevation HTU 3D Graphing This feature of SLAMM 6 has been completely retooled from previous versions Users can still view and navigate a selection of land but as with the profile tool each node is now passed a land cover value as well as an elevation value OpenGL rendering is used to produce useful maps that really help a user to understand the relationship between elevation slope and cover class To use this feature the user s computer and graphics card must be capable of rendering OpenGL images the vast majority of modern computers are Otherwise the software will exit with an error message Graceful error trapping is not yet possible given the open source OpenGL toolbox that we are currently working with To use select the 3D graphing tool from the drop down box and then draw a rectangle on the SLAMM map 24 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual With the area selected a new window appears I SLAMM 3D View with Tides a Xx Salt Bound MHH MTL MLLW Off Toggle wireframe Z axis 55 Resize ia Speed 25 SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual 3D Features Navigation The up arrow keys zooms in and the down arrow zooms out The
36. ve to MTL SLAMM memory management has improved in that available memory is no longer required to be contiguous to be used by the software This results in far fewer out of memory errors However the 32 bit version of the software remains limited by its memory manager 4GB is the upper limit for memory utilization Edit Sites and Sub sites i gt JO Edit Sites and Subsites ll E jes Global SubSite 1 Altamaha Ri SubSite 1 NWI Photo Date YYYY 2007 2007 DEM Date YYYY 2007 Direction Offshore n s e w East Historic Trend mm yr 2 5 MTL NAVD88 m 0 1 GT Great Diurnal Tide Range m Salt Elev m above MTL Marsh Erosion horz m yr Swamp Erosion horz m yr T Flat Erosion horz m yr Reg Flood Marsh Accr mm yr Irreg Flood Marsh Accr mm yr Tidal Fresh Marsh Accr mm yr sndand Fresh Marsh Acar mm yr Mangrove Acer mm yr Tidal Swamp Acer mm yr Swamp Accretion mm yr Beach Sed Rate mm yr Freq Overwash years la Show Overwash Parameters SLAMM 6 2 beta User s Manual Site parameters can be applied to an entire raster map Alternatively polygonal sub sites can be created for areas within the raster that may contain unique parameters These parameters include Description Name of site or sub site NWI Photo Date Year that the National Wetland Inventory photo was taken This represents the starting date for the simulati
37. y salinity rules as may be useful for their particular model run In the example below tidal swamp is predicted to convert to tidal fresh marsh when the salinity exceeds 5 ppt at flood tide Edit Salinity Rules Select Rule idal Swamp to Tidal Fresh Marsh When Category Tidal Swamp Exceeds y Salinity ppt 5 attide 30 day Convert to Category Tidal Fresh Marsh Notes 5th percentile Q cua o The model will first make any changes in wetland classes as a function of elevation and tidal range and will then make changes on the basis of salinity if warranted 31
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