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Communications-Equipment

1. 24 ANALOG DATA NO press ENT 25 ARROW OVER to DATA VOC 48 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex F AN PRCC 117 RT 1796 Operations Continued Loading FH Data in the AN PRC 117 via the DTD continued STEP ACTION 26 Select data or voice ADF PORT FOR VOICE DATA PORT FOR DATA press ENT 27 SYNC ASYNC select SYNC IS VOICE ASYNC IS DATA press ENT 28 Select your BAUD RATE press ENT 29 ARROW OVER to POWER press ENT 30 TX POWER LEVEL 10 WATTS press ENT 31 ARROW OVER to NAME press ENT 32 Name using the key pad then press ENT 33 Press CLR 4 times 34 Ensure your radio is on the right NET press 7 or option 35 ARROW OVER time press ENT 36 Press ENT on GTOD 37 Enter in the last two of the Julian Date Enter in military time according to ZULU HRS press ENT on time hack PSN 13 38 Press CLR twice then press 0 to check your time against the PSN 13 39 GET A RADIO CHECK Basic Troubleshooting for the AN PRC 117 STEP ACTION 1 Is it on 2 Is the volume up turned up 3 Right Net ID or frequency 4 Right crypto Are all channels loaded with the same crypto If not try scrolling COMSEC 5 Do you have the right time loaded 6 Check connectors handset and antenna pm 7 Check batteries main battery and HUB battery 49 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipm
2. LD and press enter 35 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex B SINCGARS RT 1523 Operations continued 2 cont Load COMSEC continued Step Action 5 Select TEK and press enter 6 Select desired segment by paging up or down and press enter at desired segment XMIT will show on the screen to the right of the segment Arrow over to QUIT and press enter 9 Connect DTD to RT 1523 and arrow down 10 DTD will display SENDING TEK 11 DTD will display PRESS LOAD ON RT 12 Once you ve pressed load on the keypad you ll hear a beep and see H TEK in the RT LED At this moment you have to STO the fill in a desired channel 13 DTD will show 1 KEY TRANSFERRED RT will show DONE 14 Repeat steps as required Loading FH data in the RT 1523 via the DTD STEP ACTION 1 Prep the Radio Step Action 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 Set MODE to FH 3 CHAN selection does not matter at this time 4 Set COMSEC to CT 5 Press PTT twice to clear alarm 2 Load FH data Step Action Turn DTD on Select RADIO and press enter Select SEND and press enter Select RADIO and press enter Select ICOM and press enter Connect DTD to RT 1523 AUDIO FILL connector Arrow down twice Do not
3. Loading COMSEC HOPSET in the AN PRC 152 using the DTD STEP ACTION 1 Set RT knobs to FP and FILL 2 Highlight FILL ENTER 3 Scroll to SINCGARS ENTER 54 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex H AN PRC 152 RT 1619 Operations Continued Loading COMSEC HOPSET in the AN PRC 152 using the DTD CONT Select DTD KYK 20 ENTER Fill port type MODE 2 3 AT THIS TIME MAKE SURE CYZ 10 IS AT INCLUDE TIME YES NO OR OPERATION WILL NOT WORK FOR UPLOADING COMSEC INTO RT Press ENTER on RT and then press ENTER on CYZ 10 RT will automatically begin to upload Loadset Once completed ENTER classification of loadset RT will then ask you if you want to fill another key NOTE SINCGARS time hack will be set during NET ID configuration Set RT smaller knob to CT and configure NET ID s Load COMSEC n m U ACTION Turn DTD on Press ENT on APPL Select RADIO and press enter Press ENT on SEND Then send to RADIO Press ENT on ICOM ole N Then follow directions on AN CYZ 10 Do not include time from CYZ 10 Programming Frequency Hopping for the RT1619 7 m v ACTION Programming is as follows assuming ICOM was already loaded into RT Insure RT is on in either PT or CT RT also has to be on FP From main screen select PROGRAM ENTER Scroll to SINCGARS CONFIG ENTER
4. UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS THE BASIC SCHOOL MARINE CORPS TRAINING COMMAND CAMP BARRETT VIRGINIA 22134 5019 COMMUNICATION EOUIPMENT B191716 STUDENT HANDOUT B191716 Communication Eguipment Communication Eguipment Introduction Importance In This Lesson Learning Objectives In the Marine Corps the primary purpose of communications is to serve the command In this role communications is the instrument by which commanders make their will known and as such is the voice of command The ability of commanders to pass information among their forces is critical to the outcome of an engagement on today s battlefield This lesson covers the following topics Topic Page Tactical Communications Error Bookmark not defined Radio Communications 8 Radio Communications Eguipment 11 Communications Security 14 Electronic Warfare 16 Telephone Eguipment 19 Summary 19 Annex A Types of Equipment 20 Annex B AN PRC 119 RT 1523 33 Operations Annex C AN PRC 119E F RT 1523E F 36 Operations Annex D AN PSN 13 DAGR Operations 40 Annex E AN PRC 148 Operations 41 Annex F AN PRC 117F RT 1796 43 Operations Annex G AN PRC 150 RT 1694 47 Operations Annex H AN PRC 152 RT 1619 50 Operations Annex I AN PRC 153 Operations 54 Annex J Julian Date Calendar 55 References 56 Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 57 Notes 58 Terminal L
5. 1069 100 130 161 191 222 253 283 314 344 315 345 011 042 071 102 132 163 193 224 255 285 316 346 012 043 072 103 133 164 194 225 256 286 317 347 13 14 15 16 017 048 077 108 138 169 199 230 261 291 322 352 17 018 049 078 109 139 170 200 231 262 292 323 353 18 019 050 079 110 140 171 201 232 263 293 324 354 19 020 021 052 081 022 023 054 083 051 053 20 112 142 178 203 234 265 205 326 j356 2 22 23 024 055 084 115 145 176 206 237 268 298 329 359 24 025 026 056 057 330 360 290 1026 057 joge 117 147 178 208 239 270 300 331 361 26 027 058 087 118 148 179 209 240 271 301 332 362 27 028 029 060 089 120 150 18i 030 031 059 088 119 149 180 210 241 272 302 333 363 211 242 303 334 364 29 1090 121 151 182 212 243 304 335 365 30 091 152 213 244 305 366 31 59 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment References Reference Number or Author Reference Title FM 24 18 Tactical Single Channel Radio Communications Technigues TM 11 5805 210 12 Telephone Sets TA 312 PT and TA 312A TM 11 5808 243 13 40 Operator s Manual for the TA 1 PT TM 11 5820 890 10 1 Radio Set AN PRC 119 TM 11 5820 890 10 6 SINCGARS ICOM Ground Radio Pocket Guide MC
6. AN VRC 103 110 Used for both high speed communications vehicular mounted radio system voice and data Can access 5k or with power amplifier communications 25k channels AN PRC 148 can only be used DAMA or for SATCOM voice dedicated SINCGARS The primary MAGTF VHF radio is the Single Channel Ground Air Radio System SINCGARS SINCGARS is a family of lightweight combat radios that serves as the primary means of communications for command control and fire support on the battlefield The system provides high security against enemy electronic warfare by using frequency hopping capability with integrated communications security COMSEC Since SINCGARS is the primary means of communicating in the Marine Corps and can be operated in different modes SINCGARS radios and frequency hopping will be described in depth here Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Radio Communications Eguipment Continued Freguency Hopping SINCGARS VHF Radio Sets Freguency hopping is a transmission technigue that changes the freguency of a radio channel automatically at a pseudo random rate common to both to the transmitter and receiver The number of freguencies SINCGARS will hop through varies depending on the hopset The more freguencies in the hopset the more resistant to electronic warfare the network will be SINCGARS will change freguencies 100 cycles a second The five variables reguired to freguency hop are e Ho
7. 1 CUE for single channel Power Source BA 5590 one each weight 1 45 lbs e Power Output 0 5 1 5 5 10 watts 50 watts utilizing a power amplifier 0 off LO RXMT pm REM ZF p OFF 21 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eguipment Continued AN PRC 119E F Radio Technical Characteristics Set Transmission Range o 0m 400m low power o 400m 5km medium power o 5km 10km high power o 10km 40km power amplifier e Weight 8 1 lbs without batteries 9 5 lbs with batteries e Crypto Unit Internal COMSEC Type Capable of SINCGARS frequency hopping at 2320 available channels at 100 channels per second e Capable of both voice and data communications e Frequency Range VHF 30 87 975 MHz Present Channels o 6 single channel or FH Net ID o 1manual 1 CUE for single channel Power Source BA 5590 one each weight 1 45 lbs e Power Output 0 5 1 5 5 10 watts 50 watts utilizing a power amplifier 22 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment AN MRC 145 Technical Characteristics e 2 vehicle mounted SINCGARS radios with 2 PAs Dual long range 40km radios Used asa C2 platform e Resides in the Comm Platoon in most units e Also used for VHF retransmission RTMX 23 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eguipment Continued AN PRC 117F Radio Set Technical Characteristics o Transmissi
8. AM 225 000 512 MHz MUL TIBAND 27 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eguipment Continued AN PSN 13 DAGR Technical Characteristics 00 0 o 000000 00 O Signal acguisition using up to 12 channels All satellites in view are tracked using 11 channels Navigation using up to 10 channels L1 Coarse Acguisition C A Precise P and Encrypted P Y code capability L2 Precise P and Encrypted P Y code capability Accepts differential GPS signals One handed operation Backlit display and keypad for night operation Operates in all weather day or night Produces no signals that can reveal your position Automatically tests itself during power up Can operate on 9 to 32 volts direct current V DC external power Can perform area navigation functions storing up to 999 waypoints Stores up to 15 routes with up to 1000 legs for each route Resists jamming Resists spoofing when crypto keys are installed Sealed against dust and water to a depth of 1 meter 3 feet for 20 minutes Interconnects with other electronic systems Uses quick disconnect connectors and fasteners to allow easy unit replacement Compatible with night vision goggles NVG and does not cause blooming Uses internal compass to compute track and ground speed when moving at or below 0 5 meters per second 28 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Egui
9. Scroll to HOPSET LOCKOUT ENTER Select COPY HOPSETS ENTER COPY HOPSET from 01 ENT 00 14 0 01 A GO PO COPY HOPSET to 01 ENTER NEW HOPSET ID will show on RT Program appropriate NET ID and hit ENTER O RT then goes to SINCGARS HOPSET LOCKOUT menu Repeat all steps for additional NET ID s just remember to program NET ID s seguentially You can program 25 NET ID s on PRC 152 Net ID s can be programmed in any of the available channel spaces on RT Once all HOPSET COPIES and NET ID s have been programmed CLR out to main menu Select PROGRAMMING MENU ENTER Select SYSTEM PRESET CONFIG ENTER Select appropriate NET for NET ID ENTER PRESET DESCRIPTION leave as default ENTER PERSET WAVEFORM select SINCGARS ENTER OP MODE select FREQUENCY HOPPING ENTER PRESET NAME type in channel name ENTER CRYPTO TEK 01 ENTER TEK 01 WILL WORK for all NET ID s 55 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex H AN PRC 152 RT 1619 Operations Continued Programming Freguency Hopping for the RT1619 CONTINUED 19 TX PWR LEVEL default is HIGH ENTER 20 TRAFFIC MODE VOICE ENTER 2 SELECT HOPSET COMPARTMENT select appropriate NET ID for net being programmed ENTER 22 SINGLE CHANNEL FREQUENCY leave as DEFAULT ENTER 23 SINGLE CHANNEL SQUELCH TYPE leave as DEFAULT ENTER 24 Repe
10. VHF UHF and UHF SATCOM long range voice and data communications This vehicle configuration is currently being fielded to the fleet Marine force to replace the VRC 88 92 systems along with the MRC 145 configuration Communications Security COMSEC is the protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from the possession and study of telecommunications or to mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of such possession and study COMSEC is divided into four areas e Crypto security e Emission security Physical security e Transmission security Crypto security Crypto security is the component of COMSEC that results from the provisions of technically sound crypto systems and their proper use Marine Corps doctrine states that all communications circuits will be secured with cryptographic systems to the fullest extent possible 14 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Communications Security Continued Emission Security Physical Security Transmissions Security Cryptography Emission security is the component of COMSEC which results from all measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from intercept and analysis of compromising emanations from crypto eguipment and telecommunications systems The most widely known form of emission security is e
11. include time Select NO and press enter 0 Ni Od O1 A ON Press LOAD on RT a O LOAD will appear in LED and a series of beeps will be heard in the handset _ iA Observe the FH DATA being loaded N Once all data has been transferred DTD will read ICOM TRANSFER SUCCESSFUL and RT LED will display DONE 36 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex B SINCGARS RT 1523 Operations continued 2 cont Load FH data continued Step Action 13 Arrow down as indicated and turn DTD off 14 Set FCTN to SQ ON SQ OFF as desired 15 Set CHAN to desired channel and load time Manually Loading Time in the RT 1523 STEP ACTION 1 Set FCTN to LD N Set MODE to FH NOTE Channel selection doesn t matter because the time you load will automatically go to all channels Press TIME on the keypad 00 will appear on the left side of the LED Press CLR on the keypad two lines will replace the 00 Enter the last two digits of the Julian date and press STO on the keypad Press time again and 00 00 will appear Press CLR and the 00 00 will be replaced by four lines I NIDIA Enter ZULU GMT time and press STO if 30 seconds have elapsed between any of these steps the RT will time out and you will have t
12. menu Under fill menu select FILL ENTER Select waveform for Single Channel CT select VULOS ENTER Go to Step 2 Load COMSEC Press ENTER to initiate fill 3 4 5 6 Select FILL device KYK 13 ENTER 7 8 9 Once key has transferred RT will ask what CRYPTO mode select VINSON ENTER 10 Key type select TEK and set key number ENTER 11 RT will ask for classification of key Select what classification the key is ENTER 12 RT will say completing fill and will then ask you if you need to LD another key If yes it will kick you back to step 5 If no RT will kick you back to FILL menu From there roll small knob to CT These steps apply to all Single Channel Programming IE VHF UHF SATCOM VX and DATA Available selections for waveform are SINCGARS for FREQ HOPPING VULOS for VHF and UHF LOS and HPW for SATCOM DATA 2 Load COMSEC Step Action 1 Turn DTD on 2 Select RADIO and press enter 3 Select COMSEC and press enter 4 Select LD and press enter On Select desired segment by paging up or down and press enter at desired segment XMIT will show on the screen to the right of the segment Arrow over to QUIT and press enter Connect DTD to RT 1619 and arrow down DTD will display SENDING TEK DTD will display PRESS LOAD ON RT O 00 N oO O Go to step 8 of radio setup
13. radio s fill port O Press the menu button and a box will appear that says ACTIVATE SINCGARS 7 Press the enter key and follow the directions SEE STUDENT HANDOUT Pages 41 48 41 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex C SINCGARS RT 1523E F Operations continued Changing the NET ID STEP ACTION 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 Set MODE to FH M 3 Set CHAN to the channel that contains the Net ID being changed 4 Press FREQ then CLR on the keypad F will show in RT LED 5 At this time press any 3 numbers that you want to be the new Net ID 6 Press STO and the new Net ID should appear in the LED Basic Trouble Shooting for the RT 1523 STEP ACTION 1 Is it on 2 Is the volume up turned up 3 Right Net ID or freguency 4 Right crypto Are all channels loaded with the same crypto If not try scrolling COMSEC 5 Do you have the right time loaded 6 Check connectors handset and antenna pm 7 Check batteries main battery and fill battery 8 If all of the above is good and you cannot seem to talk go to STBY then back to ON 42 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex D AN PSN 13 DAGR Operations Finding current position with the AN PSN 13 DAGR STEP ACTION 1 Turn
14. to establish communications with a distant station 0300 COMM 1005a Given a VHF radio with a fill a freguency or net identification and a distant station establish radio communications to send and receive messages 0300 COMM 1005c Given a VHF radio with a fill a frequency or net identification and a distant station troubleshoot a radio as reguired to establish communications with a distant station 0300 COMM 1005d Given a VHF radio disassemble a radio to maintain a radio for sustained operation 0300 COMM 1005 3 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Given a VHF radio maintain a radio to support sustained operation 0300 COMM 1005f Given a scenario describe the capabilities limitations of tactical Marine Corps radios without omission 0300 COMM 1005g Given a situation and formats while wearing a fighting load submit a SPOT SALUTE to report enemy activity in the assigned area 0300 COMM 1006a Given a situation and formats while wearing a fighting load submit a position report POSREP to report a friendly position to higher 0300 COMM 1006b Given a situation and formats while wearing a fighting load submiit a situation report SITREP to report the friendly situation to higher 0300 COMM 1006c Given a radio describe capabilities limitations without omission MCCS COMM 2101a Without the aid of references identify communications procedures reports us
15. use it to communicate over high obstacles such as mountains NVIS communications can travel up to 300 miles from the transmitting radio Radio Communications Eguipment Infantry battalion radio communications eguipment transmits over three freguency spectrums HF VHF UHF e High frequency HF 2 to 29 999 MHz e Very high frequency Low band VHF Low 30 to 89 999 MHz Very high frequency High band VHF High 90 to 224 999 MHz e Ultra high frequency LOS SATCOM UHF 225 to 511 999 MHz The following table describes these three frequencies by pros and cons use and types of equipment The types of equipment are described further in Appendix A Frequency Pros and Cons Use Equipment HF Lower HF frequencies can When long haul AN PRC 150 man portable communicate over great distances communications are radio necessary and no e AN MRC 148 vehicle mounted SATCON is available radio VHF Most widely used in Models built around the Single e Extends slightly beyond line of sight LOS due to diffraction or bending of the signal by the atmosphere e At frequencies in the 30 MHz range acts like HF ground waves e Range of reliable communications generally no more than 40 km and often depends on the O Power output of the radio O Terrain O Atmospheric conditions infantry battalions Channel Ground and Air Radio System SINCGARS radio AN PRC 119 man packed SINCGARS radio with frequency
16. with such COMSEC equipment as Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System SINCGARS radios Weight 4 lbs 34 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex B SINCGARS RT 1523 Operations Loading a Single Channel Freguency into an RT 1523 STEP ACTION Set FCTN to LD Set MODE to SC Set CHAN to desired channel Set COMSEC to PT Press FREQ 00000 will be displayed or current frequency Press CLR lines will replace zeroes Enter desired frequency Press STO Repeat as required 00 NIDIA amp OIN 0 Set FCTN to normal operating position SQ ON OFF Clearing a Single Channel Frequency from an RT 1523 STEP ACTION 1 Set FCTN to LD Set MODE to SC Set CHAN to desired channel Press FREQ Press LOAD O Press STO 2 3 4 5 Press CLR 6 7 8 Set FCTN to normal operating position SQ ON OFF Loading COMSEC in the RT 1523 Using the DTD STEP ACTION 1 Prep the Radio Step Action 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 MODE selection does not matter at this time 3 CHAN selection does not matter at this time 4 Set COMSEC to CT 5 Press PTT twice to clear alarm 2 Load COMSEC Step Action 1 Turn DTD on 2 Select RADIO and press enter 3 Select COMSEC and press enter 4 Select
17. 13 PRESET TYPE select LOS ENTER Next RT will take you back to PRESET CONFIG menu a checkmark will 14 appear next to GENERAL CONFIG telling you that this portion of programming is done Highlight FREQUENCY ENTER 15 Input RCV FREQ ENTER 16 RECEIVE ONLY NO ENTER 17 TRANSMIT FREQ use RECEIVE FREQ ENTER RT will show TRANS FREQ hit ENTER 18 RT goes back to PRESET CONFIG menu with a check next to FREQUENCY stating it has been programmed 19 Select COMSEC ENTER 20 RT will ask for COMSEC mode select VINSON ENTER 21 RT will ask for CRYPTO key select appropriate THE ENTER 22 RT goes back to PRESET CONFIG menu with checkmark next to COMSEC 23 Scroll to TRAFFIC ENTER 24 TRAFFIC MODE VX or DATA ENTER Next RT will scroll through defaults given by TRAFFIC MODE and 25 Freguency Range selected ENTER through to PRESET CONFIG menu and checkmark will appear next to TRAFFIC 26 Select TX PWR ENTER Select desired PWR level ENTER RT goes back to PRESET CONFIG MENU 27 Scroll through SQUELCH make changes if desired other than default and hit EXIT 53 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex H AN PRC 152 RT 1619 Operations Continued Loading AN PRC 152 COMSEC STEP ACTION 1 Prep the Radio Step Action 1 PWR on RT by turning large knob to FP System will run self test 2 Once at main screen looking down from top of RT change from PT to LD Radio will change to FILL
18. 252 282 313 1343 J9 100 130 069 100 130 161 191 222 253 283 314 344 10 i 12 13 14 15 16 17 E E 020 021 052 080 022 051 053 110 140 201 232 293 324 354 20 111 141 202 233 294 325 355 21 112 142 203 234 295 326 356 22 081 023 054 082 113 143 174 204 235 266 296 327 357 23 024 025 055 056 083 114 144 175 205 236 267 297 328 358 24 025 056 084 115 145 176 206 237 268 298 329 1350 25 26 27 28 029 1088 119 149 180 210 241 272 302 333 363 29 1030 fosg 120 150 181 211 242 273 303 334 364 30 090 151 212 243 304 365 31 031 58 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex J Julian Date Calendar continued JULIAN DATE CALENDAR FOR LEAP YEARS ONLY Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 001 032 oei 092 122 153 183 214 245 275 306 336 002 033 062 093 123 154 184 215 246 276 307 337 003 034 063 094 124 155 185 216 247 277 308 338 004 035 064 095 125 156 186 217 248 278 309 339 005 036 065 096 126 157 187 218 249 279 310 340 006 037 066 097 127 158 188 219 250 280 311 1341 007 038 1067 098 J128 159 189 220 251 281 312 342 008 039 068 099 129 160 190 221 252 282 313 343 009 010 041 070 101 131 162 192 223 254 284 040
19. 4 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex E AN PRC 148 Operations Continued Loading FH Data in the AN PRC 148 STEP ACTION 1 Prep the radio Step Action 1 Press ALT and MODE simultaneously 2 Arrow up to the KEY FILL option and press ENT 3 Press ENT on the MODE 2 3 option Load FH Data Step Action 1 Turn DTD on Select RADIO and press enter Select SEND and press enter Select RADIO and press enter Select ICOM and press enter Connect DTD to AN PRC 148 AUDIO FILL connector Arrow down twice Press PTT on the AN PRC 148 prior to Y N on include time Observe the FH DATA being loaded INI 01 Go PO 0 Once all data has been transferred DTD will read ICOM TRANSFER SUCCESSFUL 11 Arrow down as indicated and turn DTD off Manually Loading Time in the AN PRC 148 STEP ACTION Press ALT and MODE simultaneously Press ENT on PROGRAM Arrow up to GLOBAL and press ENT Arrow up to SET CLOCK and press ENT Insert the last two days of the current Julian Date and press ENT Insert the current ZULU hours and press ENT NIO 01 Go Po Insert the minutes that you are going to roll to wait for the countdown and press ENT to start the seconds Loading a UFH frequency into the AN PRC 148 STEP AC
20. A Types of Eguipment AN PRC 150 Radio Set Technical Characteristics e Transmission Range HF Indefinite power output atmospheric conditions and antenna configuration dependant VHF 0 10 miles e Frequency Range HF partial low band VHF 1 6 59 999 MHz Up to 200 preset channels 75 fully programmable system presets e Capable of frequency hopping e Capable of both voice and data communications e Capable of fixed frequency HF communications partial low band VHF fixed frequency communications e Capable of both ALE and 3G network programming Power Sources BA 5590 Lithium 2 each weight 1 45 Ibs Power Output 1 5 20 watts mode dependent Weight 9 9 lbs without batteries 11 35 lbs with batteries e Crypto Unit Internal COMSEC Type mit one AT 16940 P CVU OFF ce 20 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eguipment Continued Technical Characteristics AN PRC 119 Radio Set e Transmission Range o Om 400m low power o 400m 5km medium power o 5km 10km high power o 10km 40km power amplifier e Weight 15 5 lbs without batteries 16 95 lbs with batteries e Crypto Unit Internal COMSEC Type Capable of SINCGARS frequency hopping on 2320 available channels at 100 channels per second e Capable of both voice and data communications e Frequency Range VHF 30 87 975 MHz Present Channels o 6 single channel or FH Net ID o 1 manual
21. LE press ENTER 55 RIGHT ARROW TO KEY 56 Scroll UP DOWN until it says TEK 01 ANDVT HF BD or KG 84 57 CHANGE CRYPTO MODE YES 58 Main screen should appear again in CT ANDVT HF BD or KG 84 59 Press CLR to begin scanning 60 Key out on handset to link frequencies NOTE Different Crypto types offer different Modem types The instructions above references setting up an ALE network with an ANDVT BD crypto and a Serial Modem 52 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex H AN PRC 152 RT 1619 Operations Loading AN PRC 152 with a single channel VULOS freguency STEP ACTION 1 RT can either be on PT or CT to program but CANNOT be on LD 2 Once at main screen select PGM ENTER 3 Scroll to VULOS CONFIG ENTER 4 Scroll to VINSON COMPATIBILITY ENTER 5 Set to VINSON COMPATIBILITY ON ENTER 6 CLR back to PGM menu scroll to SYSTEM PRESETS ENTER 7 Got to SYSTEM PRESET CONFIG ENTER SYSTEM PRESET NUMBER enter channel number you want to config ENTER 9 PRESET DESCRIPTION this is a description of this net It is NOT NEEDED to enter anything Can be left at default 10 PRESET WAVEFORM select appropriate waveform ie VULOS HAVEQUICK HPW Select VULOS ENTER 11 Next programming menu for that specific net will appear select GENERAL CONFIG ENTER 12 PRESET NAME program appropriate channel name ENTER
22. N Select the desired zone Turn the preprogrammed channel selector until you see the desired channel displayed The new name appears on the display If the channel mode you selected is not programmed repeat the steps above To select a channel through the menu ACTION Select the desired zone Press the right side of the 4 way nav button until the CHAN soft key appears on the display Press menu select button below the CHAN soft key The display shows the channel name blinking while the zone name remains the same Press the right side of the 4 way nav button to find the desired channel or use the key pad to enter the channel number If the channel you selected is unprogrammed repeat step four Press the home button to select the displayed zone channel or press the PTT button to transmit on the displayed zone channel Note While at the basic school you re AN PRC 153 XTS2500 and XTS5000 will remain on C or no fill position 57 Basic Officer Course INI O 01 BIOIND 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 B191716 Communication Equipment Annex J Julian Date Calendar Day Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Day 001 009 010 032 091 121 007 ose 066 097 127 158 188 219 j250 280 311 jat 040 041 091 121 274 305 335 152 182 213 244 i NI O A A Go Po 1068 099 129 160 190 221
23. NT 23 ARROW OVER to NAME press ENT 24 Enter in a net name using the key pad press ENT 25 Press CLR 4 times 26 Scroll to the NET you just programmed and Press the 1 CALL button 27 Press ENTER and you will receive a score that has to be consistently 80 or higher If it is not check your azimuth and elevation Loading COMSEC HOPSET in the AN PRC 117 using the DTD STEP ACTION 1 Prep the radio Step Action 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 Arrow down to CYZ RDS 3 Press ENT prior to Y N to include time on the DTD 2 Load COMSEC Step Action Turn DTD on Press ENT on APPL Select RADIO and press enter Press ENT on SEND Then send to RADIO Press ENT on ICOM O 01 amp Go Poy Then follow directions on AN CYZ 10 Do not include time from CYZ 10 Press YES for more fill data on the CYZ 10 DIA Press CLR to back to fill device and ARROW DOWN to KYK 13 and press ENT 9 For fill type ARROW DOWN to VINSON and press ENT 10 Press ENT on TEK and on 01 STOP THERE AND GO BACK TO YOUR CYZ 10 47 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex F AN PRCC 117 RT 1796 Operations Continued Loading COMSEC continued Step Action 11 Press MAIN MENU on your CYZ 10 12 Press ENT on APPL 13 Press ENT on RADIO 14 Press ARROW OVER and DOWN to COMSEC press ENT 15 Scroll to LD press ENT then press ENT on
24. RP 3 11 1A Commander s Tactical Handbook MCRP 3 40 3A Tactical Communications MCRP 3 40 3B Radio Operator s Handbook MCWP 3 11 1 Marine Rifle Company Platoon MCWP 3 40 3 Communications and Information Systems Glossary of Terms and Acronyms Term or Acronym Definition or Identification Automatic link establishment COB Communications order of battle COMSEC Communications security DoD Department of Defense EEFI Essential elements of friendly information EMCOM Emissions Control EOB Electronic Order of Battle EW Electronic warfare FH Frequency hopping GMT Greenwich mean time GPS Global positioning system HF High frequency LOS Line of sight MHz Megahertz MIJI Meaconing intrusion jamming and interference NVIS Near vertical incident skywave SINCGARS Single channel Ground Air Radio Systems UHF Ultra high frequency VHF Very high frequency 60 Basic Officer Course 8191716 Communication Eguipment Notes 61 Basic Officer Course
25. SSB SCAN NO 14 Press CLR 4 times to return to main screen 15 RIGHT ARROW TO KEY 16 Scroll UP DOWN until it says TEK 01 ANDVT HF BD or KG 84 17 CHANGE CRYPTO MODE YES 50 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex G AN PRC 150 RT 1694 Operations Continued Programming Channel for HF communications in the AN PRC 150 Continued STEP ACTION 18 Main screen should appear again in CT ANDVT HF BD or KG 84 19 RIGHT ARROW TO CHANNEL 20 Scroll UP DOWN to select channel Programming Automatic Link Establishment ALE STEP ACTION 1 HIT 8 PGM 2 Scroll to MODE press ENTER 3 Scroll to ALE press ENTER 4 Press ENTER on CHANNEL GROUP 5 ENTER on ADD 6 Select a GROUP EX 01 press ENTER 7 ENTER on ADD 8 Select Channel EX 1 2 3 4 5 Enter a total of 5 channels 9 CLR 3 TIMES 10 Scroll to ADDRESS 11 ADDRESS TYPE SELF 12 Enter on ADD 13 Name your Address 1 3 Characters EX 001 TBS ACO BCO 14 Press ENTER to save 15 Add to Channel Group EX 01 PRESS ENTER 16 ADDRESS TYPE INDIVIDUAL 17 ENTER on ADD 18 NAME INDIVIDUAL ADDRESSES not yours EX TBS ACO BCO 19 ADD TO CHANNEL GROUP EX 01 20 ASSOC SELF SHOULD BE YOUR SELF ADDRESS EX 001 21 ADDRESS TYPE NET 22 ENTER on ADD 23 Name your Net EX TAC BNC 1MD 2MD ALE 1 3 Characters 24 CHANNEL GROUP E
26. TION Press ALT and MODE simultaneously Press ENT on PROGRAM Press ENT on RADIO CONFIGURATION Select desired channel O1 B G Po Arrow down and assure that the word Basic is at the bottom of the screen underneath of the word power O Arrow down and press ENT on FX then enter desired frequencies Use the up and down arrows plus the alt key to move to the left or right Ensure that the Modulation is correct AM FM 45 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex F AN PRC 117 RT 1796 Operations Line of Sight Operations for the AN PRC 117 STEP ACTION 1 Turn radio to the CT position 2 Press the 8 button which is the program button 3 Press ENT on NORM 4 Press ENT on NET 5 Select a net to modify00 to 99 then press ENT NOTE You or the NCS choose which net 6 Activate in list YES press ENT 7 Net type LOS FIX FREQUENCY press ENT 8 Press ENT on FREQ 9 Enter receive frequency press ENT 10 Enter transmit frequency press ENT 11 Receive only NO press ENT 12 ARROW OVER to COMSEC then press ENT 13 Crypto mode VINSON press ENT 14 Encryption key TEK 21 press ENT 15 Analog data NO press ENT 16 ARROW OVER to POWER press ENT 17 Power level 10 WATTS press ENT 18 ARROW OVER to NAME press ENT 19 Enter net using the key pad press ENT 20 Scr
27. X 01 25 ASSOC SELF YOUR SELF ADDRESS EX 001 TBS ACO 26 Scroll UP DOWN to review press ENTER 27 Scroll UP DOWN to ensure that both SELF ADDRESS and INDIVIDUAL ADDRESS are both NET MEMBERS 28 Hit CLR until you are back to the ADDRESS MENU 29 Scroll to CONFIG press ENTER 30 E SCAN CHANNELS THE NUMBER OF CHANNELS IN GROUP 5 31 LISTEN BEFORE TRANSMIT OFF 32 KEY TO CALL ON 33 MAX TUNE TIME 3 SECS 51 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex G AN PRC 150 RT 1694 Operations Continued Automatic Link Establishment ALE continued STEP ACTION 34 LINK TIMEOUT OFF 35 LINK TO ANY CALLS OFF 36 AMD OPERATION ENABLED 37 AMD AUTO DISPLAY ON 38 SCAN RATE 2 39 LINK PROTECTION LEVEL 0 40 LINK PROTECTION KEY 000000000000000 41 Pres CLR until you see the ALE screen 42 Scroll to MODEM and press ENT 43 Change the modem name to SER24 44 Press ENT until you see mode 45 Scroll to System and press ENT 46 Press ENT until you see RADIO NAME 47 Arrow up until you see ALE press ENT 48 Arrow up until you see your SELF ADDRESS press ENT 49 Arrow up until you see SER24 press ENT 50 Arrow up until you see TYPE1 press ENT 51 Arrow up until you see ANDVT BD 52 Press ENT until you see the MODE screen 53 Press 8 PRG button and the main screen will be displayed 54 Press 3 MODE until it says A
28. at steps for follow on NET ID s Programming Frequency Hopping Time for RT1619 STEP ACTION n Make sure RT is in main screen AND ALSO MAKE SURE MAIN SCREEN IS ON ANY SINCGARS NET 2 Enter on OPTIONS 3 Select SINCGARS OPTIONS ENTER 4 Select SINCGARS GTOD ENTER 5 Select USER ENTRY ENTER 6 Input appropriate time and day ENTER 7 CLR out to main screen 56 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex I AN PRC 153 Operations To select a zone through the preprogrammed zone switch STEP ACTION Turn the zone switch to select the desired zone If the zone you selected unprogrammed repeat step one and select a different zone Press home button house icon on left of RT to begin transmitting on the displayed zone channel To select a zone through the menu ACTION Press the right side of the 4 way center 4 arrow button navigation button until zone soft key appears on the display Press the menu select button below the zone soft key The display shows the zone name blinking while the channel name remains the same Press the right side of the 4 way nav button to find the desired zone name OR use The keypad to enter the zone name If the zone you selected is unprogrammed repeat step three and select a different zone Press the home button to select the displayed zone channel To select a channel through the preprogrammed channel selector ACTIO
29. away from the point of origin until they disappear Radio waves behave in a similar manner except they expand in three dimensional space Radio waves travel along the surface of the earth ground waves and up into the atmosphere sky waves Wavelength is directly related to frequency Frequency is measured in terms of the number of waves generated cycles per second One cycle per second is one hertz At the infantry battalion level the radios operate on frequencies in the megahertz MHz millions of cycles per second range To understand the relative wavelength of different frequencies we can use a sine wave see following diagram The wavelength of the signal at 2 MHz is five times longer than the wavelength of the signal at 10 MHz LOW FREQUENCY 2 MHZ 2 MILLION HERTZ HIGH FREQUENCY 10 MHZ 10 MILLION HERTZ 8 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Radio Communications Continued Freguency and Wavelength Continued Ground Waves The length of the radio wave affects the wave s propagation path The longer wavelength lower frequency allows the wave to bend around and over larger obstacles such as hills or buildings As the wavelength shortens increase in frequency the waves ability to bend around obstacles decreases To illustrate imagine making a 90 degree turn in a car while driving at a speed of 5 miles per hour MPH Now imagine attempting the same t
30. d 15 Set CHAN to desired channel and load time Manually Loading Time in the RT 1523E F STEP ACTION 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 Press the MENU key until SC FH or FHM appears Set to FH by pressing the 7 CHG button NOTE Channel selection doesn t matter because the time you load will automatically go to all channels Press TIME on the keypad 00 will appear on the left side of the LED Press CLR on the keypad two lines will replace the 00 Enter the last two digits of the Julian date and press STO on the keypad Press time again and 00 00 will appear Press CLR and the 00 00 will be replaced by four lines 0 Ni gt 01 AJ Enter ZULU GMT time and press STO if 30 seconds have elapsed between any of these steps the RT will time out and you will have to start over at Step 3 9 Set FCTN to SQ ON SQ OFF as desired and attempt to communicate Loading Time in the RT 1523 with the PSN 13 DAGR STEP ACTION 1 Prep the radio Step Action 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 CHAN MODE and COMSEC selection does not apply 2 On the DAGR Step Action 1 Turn the PSN 13 on Navigate to the PPS HQ SINCGARS page 2 3 Press ENTER and navigate to the desired fields 4 Press ENTER again on the desired field and ensure COM1 2 is displayed in the appropriate boxes Connect the PSN 13 to the
31. d accessory 9 Dependent L o Crypto Unit Internal COMSEC Type MT LAMP FAfeJan Move 25 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eguipment Continued AN PRC 152 Radio Set Technical Characteristics o 2 versions V1 all features except external GPS USMC version and V2 all features including external GPS o Transmission Range o VHF Oto 5 miles o UHFLOS Line of Sight dependent o UHF SATCOM 22 300 miles dependant on atmospheric conditions o Frequency Range VHF UHF UHF SATCOM 30 511 999 MHz o 99 programmable system presets o Can operate on both DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access and dedicated SATCOM channels o Capable of both voice and data communications o Capable of SINCGARS freguency hopping at 2320 available channels at 100 channels per second o Submersible up to 2 meters standard 20 meter submersible option used by Special Operations units o Power Source Rechargeable Lithium lon Li ION Battery 26 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Power Output 0 25 2 5 watts 50 watts utilizing a power amplifier o Weight 2 6 lbs with battery o Crypto Unit Internal COMSEC Type o 3ft Blade Antenna VHF Antenna 30 108MHZz Here at TBS used to talk VHF in FM 30 000 108 MHz Whip Antenna VHF UHF Antenna 30 512MHz Here at TBS will be used for UHF communications to talk to Air in
32. e keypad you ll hear a beep and see H TEK in the RT LED At this moment you have to STO the fill in a desired channel 13 DTD will show 1 KEY TRANSFERRED RT will show DONE 14 Repeat steps as required Loading FH data in the RT 1523 via the DTD STEP ACTION 1 Prep the Radio Step Action 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 Set MODE to FH 3 CHAN selection does not matter at this time 4 Set COMSEC to CT 5 Press PTT twice to clear alarm 2 Load FH data Step Action Turn DTD on Select RADIO and press enter Select SEND and press enter Select RADIO and press enter Select ICOM and press enter Connect DTD to RT 1523 AUDIO FILL connector Arrow down twice Do not include time Select NO and press enter CO Ni Od O1 BY OI PO Press LOAD on RT a O LOAD will appear in LED and a series of beeps will be heard in the handset _ Observe the FH DATA being loaded N Once all data has been transferred DTD will read ICOM TRANSFER SUCCESSFUL and RT LED will display DONE 40 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex C SINCGARS RT 1523E F Operations continued 2 cont Load FH data continued Step Action 13 Arrow down as indicated and turn DTD off 14 Set FCTN to SQ ON SQ OFF as desire
33. earning Objectives Given an SL 3 complete field telephone and communication wire connected to a distant site communicate using wired communications to establish 2 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment communications with a distant site 0300 COMM 1003 Given a VHF radio with a fill a freguency or net ID and a distant station while wearing a fighting load operate a VHF field radio to establish communications with the distant station 0300 COMM 1005 Given a situation and formats while wearing a fighting load submit a message using NATO report format to report any activity in the assigned area 0300 COMM 1006 Given a radio perform basic radio operations ensuring eguipment is functional without compromising communications MCCS COMM 2101 Enabling Learning Objectives Given an SL 3 complete field telephone and communication wire describe the capabilities limitations of field phones without omission 0300 COMM 1003a Given SL 3 complete field telephones and communication wire connect two or more telephones with wire to establish communications with a distant station 0300 COMM 1003b Given an SL 3 complete field telephone and communication wire conduct a communication check with a distant station 0300 COMM 1003c Given an SL 3 complete field telephone and communication wire maintain a field telephone for sustained operation 0300 COMM 1003d Given a VHF radio assemble a radio
34. ed to identify improper radio procedures without omission MCCS LDR 1012f Tactical Communications Communications Responsibility Tactical Responsibilities Technical Responsibilities Communications is a means or method of conveying information from one person or place to another The responsibility for communications lies with the unit commander The commander is responsible for the effectiveness of the communications systems as well as the tactical and technical aspects of communications The course of action the commander selects must be supportable by the communications and information systems means available The commander must locate the command post where it can best communicate with subordinate units and higher headquarters The commander ensures that an active communications training program is in effect for all personnel in the command 4 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Fundamental All communications systems must satisfy four basic Reguirements reguirements to be effective Reliability is the assurance that communications will function with desired accuracy and dependability at all times Thoroughly trained personnel achieve reliability through carefully planned employment of proven communications technigues and eguipment Security is the protection resulting from all measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information of value This includes preventing the poss
35. enna so a natural or manmade obstacle is between you and the enemy you can reduce his ability to intercept your transmissions As mentioned earlier radio waves travel up into the atmosphere sky waves Because lower frequencies have longer wavelengths when they travel into the upper regions of the atmosphere they can be reflected or bounced back down to the earth s surface Also the wave can reflect off the earth s surface We use this property of bouncing the radio signal off the ionosphere and the earth s surface to increase the range of our communications In fact the wave can continue this cycle of bouncing back and forth between the ionosphere and the earth s surface all the way around the earth Remember however this property is restricted to freguencies from approximately 2 to 12 MHz Freguencies above this range tend to punch through the ionosphere and continue out into space 10 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Radio Communications Continued Sky waves Continued One problem with sky waves is they produce skip zones areas where the signal does not return to earth on the earth s surface To alleviate this problem we use a near vertical incident sky wave NVIS NVIS directs the radio wave at a higher angle toward the sky thus ensuring the reflected wave returns to earth closer to the transmitter and eliminating any skip zones Because NVIS travels at high angles we can
36. ent Annex G AN PRC 150 RT 1694 Operations Loading COMSEC into the AN PRC 150 with AN CYZ 10 STEP ACTION 1 Press ON OFF on the AN CYZ 10 2 Press MAIN MENU if not already there 3 Press LETTER LOCK TO OFF 4 Press ENTER ON APPL 5 Scroll to RADIO press ENTER 6 Scroll to COMSEC press ENTER 7 Scroll to LD press ENTER 8 ENTER ON TEK 9 PGDN and press ENTER on KEY TO USE 10 XMT should show next to Key and press ENTER on QUIT 11 Connect ANCD to RT STOP HERE program the RT 1694 12 On RT 1694 Scroll to LD 13 FILL DEVICE Scroll UP DOWN to KYK 13 press ENTER 14 CRYPTO TYPE ANDVT or KG 84 15 KEY TYPE TEK KEY NUMBER 01 PRESS ENTER 16 NOW ON CYZ 10 PRESS ENTER ON CONNECT TO ANCD TO RT 17 WAIT FOR IT TO SAY PRESS LOAD ON RT 18 PRESS ENTER TO INITIATE FILL 19 FILL DONE PRESS ENT 21 MORE FILL DATA NO 22 Move switch out of LD position Programming Fixed Freguency Channel in the AN PRC 150 STEP ACTION Press the 8 PGM button Scroll to MODE press ENTER Press ENTER on PRESET Press ENTER on Channel Enter RX freguency 1 6 59 9999Mhz Enter TX freguency 1 6 59 9999Mhz MODULATION USB 2 3 4 5 Select channel number to change 001 MULTIPLE CHANNELS FOR ALE 6 7 8 9 AGC SPEED MED 10 BANDWIDTH 3 0 KHZ 11 RX ONLY NO 12 LIMIT MAX TRANSMIT POWER NO 13 ENABLE
37. es communication by exception low power electronic equipment usage directional antennas etc e Thorough training in the installation and operation of equipment including proper antenna sitting to allow for terrain masking of electronic signatures directional antennas etc The use of alternate means of communication when possible e g messengers wire visual etc e The use of cryptographic COMSEC equipment to secure your transmissions e Use approved operation codes i e not locally developed ones that are very simple to break e If possible select a scheme of maneuver that will minimize friendly electronic emissions For example have a simple scheme of maneuver that can be executed with few or no emissions by imposing radio silence or by selecting avenues of approach that will interpose terrain between friendly transmitters and enemy intercept stations When the station begins to suffer interference the operator s immediate action is to attempt to determine the cause of the problem Since the symptoms of jamming are the same as many other types of electronic interference the operator should not immediately assume he is the target of hostile EW activity 17 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Electronic Warfare EW Continued Reaction to Suspected Enemy Electronic Warfare continued Meaconing Intrusion Jamming and Interference MIJI Report The first action the
38. ession and analysis of valuable information or misleading unauthorized persons in their interpretations of such an analysis Speed denotes timeliness in the flow of information between users of communications and is based upon operational urgency Always remember MCDP 1 s tenet that there must be a trade off between speed and security This applies to information flow as well as to maneuver Flexibility is achieved by designing a communications system that can be adapted to changes in the commander s scheme of maneuver This is an acknowledgment of the fluid combat environment we expect to encounter 5 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Tactical Communications Continued Communication Means Security of Communications The methods used to convey information from one person or place to another are called communications means Communications means that are employed within the operating forces include Radio Wire Sound Visual Physical communications o Includes messenger foot or motorized o Augmented by mail guard mail or US mail Data communications which include all computer and data transmission device The following table identifies the type of communication its level of security and the pros and cons for using each type Type of Order of Communication Security Pros Gons Messenger Most In a tactical scenario itis Subject to Secure the only applicable e Enem
39. hopping capability and internal cryptographic chip AN VRC 88 vehicular mounted low power same as PRC 119 SINCGARS radio AN VRC 89 vehicular mounted dual SINCGARS radio with one low power radio and one with power amplifier 11 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Radio Communications Eguipment Continued Freguency Pros and Cons Use Eguipment VHF continued Models built around the Single Channel Ground and Air Radio System SINCGARS radio Continued AN VRC 90 vehicular mounted single SINCGARS with power amplifier AN VRC 91 vehicular mounted dual SINCGARS radio with one low power radio and one with power amplifier AN VRC 92 vehicular mounted dual SINCGARS radio with two power amplifiers AN MRC 145 vehicular mounted SINCGARS with power amplifier two radios per vehicle This system is intended to be used for retransmission however many commanders use it for command and control UHF LOS Strictly line of sight LOS Ground to air AN PRC 117 152 148 man Unable to bend around communications portable obstacles because UHF Air to air AN VRC 103 vehicular wavelengths are so small communications mounted Range may extend for more than 500 km as long as aircraft is high enough to be within LOS UHF Extends from the earth to Provides long AN PRC 117 152 148 man SATCOM Satellites and back down range tactical portable
40. ity to encrypt and decrypt transmissions without the aid of an external device is said to have internal COMSEC As well when that radio is loaded with cryptographic material it will have its fill 15 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Communications Security Continued Cryptography Examples of DoD radios that have internal COMSEC are continued e AN PRC 152 TYPE I Encryption e AN PRC 150 TYPE I Encryption e AN PRC 148 TYPE I Encryption e AN PRC 119C D E F TYPE I Encryption e AN PRC 117F TYPE I Encryption e AN PRC 153 TYPE II Encryption Reaction to Violation of Essential elements of friendly information EEFIs are Transmission Security specific items of information that if disclosed could have a negative impact on friendly operations Reacting to transmission of EEFI is specifically enforced when transmitting over an unencrypted or open net The EEFI list includes e Position e Capabilities e Operations Friendly electronic warfare Personnel e COMSEC Wrong circuit If a friendly unit passes an EEFI over an open net BEADWINDOW is a procedural word that brings to the immediate attention of circuit operators the fact that an EEFI disclosure has occurred Electronic Warfare Electronic warfare EW is a broad term covering any military action involving the use of electromagnetic or directed energy either to attack an enemy s combat capability
41. missions control EMCON EMCON involves the reduction or elimination of emissions e g radio signals radar signals etc Commanders will set EMCON to reduce their unit s electromagnetic signature to deny the enemy electronic warfare EW units the ability to gain our communications order of battle COB and electronic order of battle EOB Refrain from inadvertently divulging plans for an upcoming attack Many units increase their radio transmissions shortly before commencing an attack Even if we use crypto systems properly and the enemy cannot decipher what we are saying the enemy may deduce that we are about to attack simply by studying the amount of traffic we are generating To alleviate this potential problem commanders may direct the unit to go to EMCON to deny the enemy this information Physical security is the component of COMSEC that results from all physical measures taken to safeguard classified eguipment material and documents from access or observation by unauthorized persons Transmissions security is the component of COMSEC that results from all measures designated to protect transmissions from interception and exploitation by means other than cryptanalysis Every tactical radio net in the United States Marine Corps is encrypted To accomplish this certain encryption devices must be used Cryptographic eguipment will secure or encode all information passed over that radio A radio that has the capabil
42. n 18 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Electronic Warfare Continued Reaction to Imitative If the enemy is suspected of using imitative electromagnetic Deception deception i e the enemy is posing as a friendly unit on the GINGERBREAD net GINGERBREAD is a procedural word used to alert other stations on a radio net An example of how this would sound is All stations this net or use the net call sign GINGERBREAD insert the suspected enemy s call sign over The other stations on the net may or may not respond to your transmission After you have alerted everyone on the net send a MIJI report via another secure net if possible Telephone Eguipment Annex A contains pictures and descriptions of the devices and other eguipment to which you will be exposed at TBS The two manual telephones used at the infantry company level and below are e TA 1 A rugged voice powered telephone that when used in conjunction with standard communications wire has a range of 4 miles e TA 312 A rugged battery powered telephone that has a range of 14 to 22 miles and is fully compatible with the TA 1 Summary Every commander is responsible for communications within his or her unit Tobe successful a working knowledge of Marine Corps communications doctrine and equipment is vital f you can t communicate you can t command 19 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex
43. nge must normally operate over long distances up to 40 km 13 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Radio Communication Eguipment Continued SINCGARS VHF Vehicular Radio Sets Description AN VRC 91 Vehicle mounted dual configuration set Consists of two AN PRC 119 radios along with one power amplifier o Short range radio which can be man packed configured O Long range radio Provides long range up to 40 km and short range up to 10 km operations in two nets simultaneously Combines the features of a VRC 88 and VRC 90 into a single vehicle installation AN VRC 92 Vehicle mounted dual configuration set Consists of two long range radios Used to meet dual long range up to 40 km communications reguirements Is a VRC 89 with an additional power amplifier mount to provide communications range up to 40 km to the second radio system Common in highly mobile units like the artillery battalion light armored reconnaissance battalion assault amphibian battalion and tank battalion AN MRC 145 Vehicle with mounted dual configuration set Consists of two long range radios Used for VHF retransmission and command and control AN VRC 110 Vehicle mounted dual configuration set offering two power amplifiers for each radio Consists of two handheld AN PRC 152 s mounted radios can be removed from mount and utilized for inter team communications Used for
44. o Least e Fast flexible and e Least secure means Secure responsive e Highly susceptible to e Can operate while mobile enemy electronic warfare e Spans great distances e Subject to interference e Crucial to high tempo from operations o Atmospheric conditions o Terrain o Manmade sources Data Variable e Fast flexible and reliable e Highly susceptible to Security e Secure environmental effects Facilitates passing of large amounts of information Inter service Department of Defense DoD and civilian connectivity Can be pushed down to rifle company level Not available to every unit Requires reliable and sustainable power sources Requires high degree of MOS expertise to install operate and maintain Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Radio Communications Radio Wave Fundamentals Freguency and Wavelength Radio communication uses energy in the form of electromagnetic waves that propagate through space at the speed of light Since the mechanics of wave motion are much the same for all types of waves the nature of radio wave motion and propagation can be understood by comparing it with surface waves on water Almost everyone has thrown a stone into a pond and watched waves from the splash spread out over the surface of the water in ever increasing concentric circles If the pond is large enough the waves can be seen to grow weaker as they move
45. o start over at Step 3 9 Set FCTN to SQ ON SQ OFF as desired and attempt to communicate Loading Time in the RT 1523 with the PSN 13 DAGR STEP ACTION 1 Prep the radio Step Action 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 CHAN MODE and COMSEC selection does not apply 2 On the DAGR Step Action 1 Turn the PSN 13 on Navigate to the PPS HQ SINCGARS page 2 3 Press ENTER and navigate to the desired fields 4 Press ENTER again on the desired field and ensure COM1 2 is displayed in the appropriate boxes 5 Connect the PSN 13 to the radio s fill port 6 Press the menu button and a box will appear that says ACTIVATE SINCGARS 7 Press the enter key and follow the directions 37 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex B SINCGARS RT 1523 Operations continued Changing the NET ID STEP ACTION Set FCTN to LD Set MODE to FH M Set CHAN to the channel that contains the Net ID being changed Press FREQ then CLR on the keypad F will show in RT LED At this time press any 3 numbers that you want to be the new Net ID O 01 amp Go Po Press STO and the new Net ID should appear in the LED Basic Trouble Shooting for the RT 1523 STEP ACTION Is it on Is the volume up and is the display turned up Right Ne
46. oll to the DAT VOC field and press enter until you see modulation 21 Set the modulation to AM press ENT until the main menu comes back up 22 Clear out to the main screen and scroll to the net you just programmed 23 Get a radio check SATCOM Operations for the AN PRC 117 STEP ACTION 1 Press 8 or program on the CIK 2 Press ENT on NORM 3 Press ENT on NET 4 Select net to modify 00 to 99 press ENT 5 Active in list YES press ENT 6 NET TYPE SATCOM press ENT 7 Press ENT on FREQ 8 Enter frequency code 001 239 or 999 for manual entry for receive and transmit freqs press ENT 9 Check receive freq press ENT 10 Check transmit freq press ENT 46 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex F AN PRC 117 RT 1796 Operations Continued SATCOM Operations for the AN PRC 117 Continued STEP ACTION 11 Receive only NO press ENT 12 ARROW OVER to COMSEC press ENT 13 Crypto mode VINSON for 25Khz or ANDVT for 5Khz press ENT 14 TEK21 for VINSON or TEK 01 for ANDVT press ENT 15 Analog data NO press ENT 16 ARROW OVER to DATA VOC press ENT 17 Select data or voice ADF PORT VOICE DATA PORT press ENT 18 Select SYNC or ASYNC SYNC is VOICE ASYNC is DATA press ENT 19 ARROW OVER to SQUELCH then press ENT 20 Digital squelch ON OFF press ENT Digital squelch has to be on for 25Khz 21 ARROW OVER to POWER press ENT 22 20 WATTS press E
47. on Range o VHF 0Oto 10 miles o UHFLOS Line of Sight dependant o UHF SATCOM 22 300 miles Network and channel access dependent o Frequency Range VHF UHF UHF SATCOM 30 511 999 MHz o 100 programmable system presets o 10 programmable DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access channels o Can operate on dedicated SATCOM channels o Capable of SINCGARS frequency hopping at 2320 available channels at 100 channels per second o Capable of both voice and data communications o Power Source BA 5590 LITHIUM two each weight 1 45lbs o Power Output 1 5 10 Watts VHF UHF 20 Watts UHF SATCOM o Weight 13 8 lbs without batteries 16 7 lbs with batteries o Crypto Unit Internal COMSEC Type 1 24 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eguipment Continued AN PRC 148 Radio Set Technical Characteristics o Transmission Range o VHF 0 to 5 miles o UHF LOS Line of Sight dependent o UHF SATCOM 22 300 miles dependant on atmospheric conditions voice only o Frequency Range VH F UHF UHF SATCOM 30 511 999 MHz o 10 programmable groups 16 channels per group o Capable of SINCGARS frequency hopping at 2320 available channels at 100 channels per second o Maritime version V1 is submersible up to 66 feet Urban version V2 is submersible up to 6 feet o Power Source BA 5123 3 VDC o Power Output 0 1 0 5 1 3 or 5 Watts MEW SCAN Lock i o Weight 2 4 lbs Battery type an
48. on the DAGR 2 Satellite Vehicle SV Sky View Page Displayed 3 Initially Acguiring SV Automitc 4 Tracking SV Automatic Present Position Page Automatic after satellites are aguired Press the down arrow key and time will be displayed 5 Press ENTER and move the black window over the time and press ENTER 6 This window is where you adjust the UTC offset to get local time GMT 5 or 4 and ZULU time Press enter on desired time zone 7 Now press the menu button twice and scroll down to communications 8 Press ENTER on Communications 9 Scroll down to PPS HG SINCGARS 10 A screen is displayed with the status of the ports on the back of the DAGR 11 If the windows do not say 1 PPS UTC in the COM1 amp 3 press ENTER 12 Scroll down to COM1 and press ENTER 13 Select 1 PPS UTC for both windows 14 Press MENU 15 Connect the DAGR to the RADIO 16 Select SINCGARS and then press LOAD or ENTER on the RT 43 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex E AN PRC 148 Operations Loading a Single Channel Freguency into an AN PRC 148 STEP ACTION 1 Press ALT and MODE simultaneously 2 Press ENT on PROGRAM 3 Press ENT on RADIO CONFIGURATION 4 Select desired channel 5 Arrow down to the word BASIC and press ENT It will then be highlighted 6 Arrow up one time to the word SINCGAR and press ENT 7 Select the desired SINCGAR channel followed 8 Assure
49. operator should take is to remove the set s antenna If the problem continues at its original volume and intensity with the antenna removed the operator may assume that the problem is with the eguipment and not EW The critical element for helping the operator determine if interference is EW in nature or simply a problem with the set is the operator s level of training Additional remedial measures Donotannounce or indicate that you believe you are being jammed Keep operating but speak slowly and authenticate all stations e Change antenna sitting and orientation Relocate antenna so that a building or hill is between the antenna and the source of the jamming if known Switch toa directional antenna e Increase transmitter power equipment dependent e Send high precedence traffic by another net if possible but continue operating on the jammed net Log the jamming and report immediately to your supervisor Send MIJI Meaconing Intrusion Jamming and Interference report in accordance with unit SOP ASAP The format for the MIJI report is as follows use the acronym TUFT Time of interference Unit affected Frequency or frequencies affected Type of interference jamming imitative deception etc Use alternative frequency as a last resort Send instructions to shift frequency by another secure net if possible Use a prearranged alternate freguency if you have no other contact with the distant statio
50. or to protect friendly combat capabilities against undesirable effects of friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum Electronic warfare entails the surveillance of the electromagnetic spectrum for immediate threat recognition in support of electronic warfare operations and other tactical actions such as threat avoidance targeting and homing Preventive Measures As stated previously electronic protection are those measures taken which allow for the continued use of the electromagnetic spectrum despite enemy efforts to reduce or eliminate our use of that medium Electronic protection can be either preventive or remedial in nature 16 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Electronic Warfare Continued Preventive Measures Continued Reaction to Suspected Enemy Electronic Warfare Preventive measures are simply technigues for avoiding exploitation by the enemy Avoiding enemy jamming is primarily a matter of avoiding detection avoiding enemy deception efforts reguires operators to ensure those signals that might be intercepted by the enemy contain as little usable information as possible Some prevention technigues Reduce electronic traffic to a minimum communication by exception through clearly communicated good tactical plans that include mission orders commander s intent and a focus of effort Well developed and exercised standard operating procedures SOPs to include brevity cod
51. pment Continued AN PRC 153 Radio Set O O O 0 O 0 0 O 0 Technical Characteristics Transmission Range 0 5 miles flat terrain 1 mile with obstacles 15 Zones 16 channels per zone 240 channels total Omni Directional Freguency Range UHF 380 470 MHz Power Source Nickel Cadmium Nickel Metal Hydride Power Output 2 5 5 watts Operational mode Voice Encryption AES 256 bit Crypto Unit Internal COMSEC Type Il Radio Variations V 1 2 3 Submersible up to 3 meters for 30 minutes Weight 19 85 oz with NiCD battery 29 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eguipment Continued TA 1 PT Technical Characteristics Range 4 miles using WD 1 slash wire Power Sound Signal Visual and audible ringer Weight 4 lbs Mode of Operation The TA 1 will operate with other TA 1s TA 312s and through the SB 22 switch board 000 0 0 30 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eguipment Continued TA 312 PT Technical Characteristics o Range Maximum of 14 to 22 miles based on temperature and relative humidity o Power BA 3030s D Cell batteries two each o Signal Audible Ringer o Weight 10 Ibs o Mode of Operation The TA 312 will operate with other TA 312s TA 1s and through the SB 22 switch board 11 43 AM 31 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eg
52. pset The VHF frequencies that SINCGARS will hop through in freguency hopping mode e Transmission security key TSK The sequence in which the radio will hop within a HOPSET It does not encrypt the signal or transmission Transmission encryption key TEK Encrypts and decrypts the operator s voice during the radio transmission e Time Both Julian date and Greenwich Mean Time GMT must be entered GMT is also known as Zulu time SINCGARS radios can tolerate 4 seconds between radios and remain in sync with each other Net identifier Net ID Three digit numeric code that determines where a specific frequency hopping FH circuit begins frequency hopping The radio operator enters it and it will correspond to a specific frequency within the hop set The following table describes SINCGARS VHF radio sets SINCGARS VHF Radio Sets Description AN VRC 88 e 10 km range due to lack of power amplifier e Maybe operated while o Mounted in a vehicle o In a dismounted man pack configuration AN PRC 119C F AN PRC 117F AN PRC 152 AN PRC 148 Man packed SINCGARS single multi channel radios e 200m to 400m in lower power setting e 400m to 5km in medium power e 5km to 10km in high power for PRC 152 and 148 max range of 5km 7km unless amplified in a vehicular configuration AN VRC 90 e Long range vehicle mounted radio set with one power amplifier e Used where the communications ra
53. select TEK 16 Use PGDN on the DTD Once you are on the correct screen press ENT on the HF ANDVT then arrow over to quit Follow the instructions from the DTD 17 Once the RT 1796 is filled press ENT and NO for more fill data 18 Turn your function knob to CT Loading FH Data in the AN PRC 117 via the DTD STEP ACTION Press 8 or Program on the key pad Press ENT on NORM ARROW OVER to GENERAL and press ENT Hopping type SINCGARS and press ENT Press ENT on CONFIG Active cue freg YES then press ENT Enter in your cue freg press ENT SINCGARS radio type MEMBER MASTER press ENT ARROW OVER to HOPSET COPY press ENT O NI OI 0 gt A ON 0 Copy from 25 and copy to the current hopset compartment you have associated the net with i e NET2 should be associated with compartment2 11 Enter in the NET ID press ENT 12 Press CLR once and ARROW OVER to NET press ENT 13 Select net to modify 00 25 press ENT 14 Activate in list YES press ENT 15 Net type FREQUENCY HOPPING press ENT 16 Hopping type SINCGARS press ENT 17 HOPSET press ENT 18 HOPSET COMPARTMENT NOTE Same compartment from Step 10 19 Late net entry ON press ENT 20 Receive only NO press ENT 21 ARROW OVER to COMSEC press ENT 22 Crypto Mode ARROW DOWN to VINSON press ENT 23 ENCRYPTION KEY select where you put the fill TEK 21 press ENT
54. sired channel Press FREQ Press CLR Press LOAD O Press STO N Q amp Set FCTN to normal operating position SQ ON OFF Loading COMSEC in the RT 1523 Using the DTD STEP ACTION 1 Prep the Radio Step Action 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 Press the MENU key until SC FH or FHM appears Set to FH by pressing the 7 CHG button 3 CHAN selection does not matter at this time 4 Press the MENU button again until CT or PT is displayed Press the 7 CHG button until CT is displayed 5 Press PTT twice to clear alarm 2 Loading COMSEC with AN CYZ 10 Step Action 1 Turn DTD on Select RADIO and press enter 2 3 Select COMSEC and press enter 4 Select LD and press enter 39 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex C SINCGARS RT 1523E F Operations continued 2 cont Load COMSEC continued Step Action 5 Select TEK and press enter 6 Select desired segment by paging up or down and press enter at desired segment 7 XMIT will show on the screen to the right of the segment 8 Arrow over to QUIT and press enter 9 Connect DTD to RT 1523E F and arrow down 10 DTD will display SENDING TEK 11 DTD will display PRESS LOAD ON RT 12 Once you ve pressed load on th
55. t ID or frequency B OIN Right crypto Are all channels loaded with the same crypto If not try scrolling COMSEC Do you have the right time loaded Check connectors handset and antenna pm Check batteries main battery and fill battery CO N O o1 If all of the above is good and you cannot seem to talk go to STBY then back to ON 38 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex C PRC 119F RT1523E F OPERATIONS Loading a Single Channel Freguency into an RT 1523E F STEP ACTION 1 Set the function switch to load 2 Press the MENU key until SC FH or FHM appears Set to SC by pressing the 47 CHG button 3 Press the MENU button again until the channel is displayed Press1 6 to set desired channel NN Press the MENU button again until CT or PT is displayed Press the 7 CHG button until PT is displayed Press FREQ 00000 will be displayed or current frequency Press CLR lines will replace zeroes Enter desired freguency Press STO Repeat as required 00 NIO OI 0 Set FCTN to normal operating position SQ ON OFF Clearing a Single Channel Frequency from an RT 1523E F STEP ACTION 1 Set FCTN to LD 2 Press the MENU key until SC FH or FHM appears Set to SC by pressing the 47 CHG button oo Press the MENU button again until the channel is displayed Press1 6 to set de
56. that the ECCM is set to SC and press ENT 9 Press ENT on the letters FX The default frequency will be highlighted In order to move to the left or the right use the up and down arrows plus the ALT key to get to desired positions on the frequency Press ENT when you have completed inserting the frequency you desired 10 Arrow down to the next menu screen in order to get to the OFFSET option Press ENT then arrow up or down to highlight the desired OFFSET option Loading COMSEC in the AN PRC 148 Using the DTD STEP ACTION 1 Prep the radio Step Action 1 Press ALT and MODE simultaneously 2 Arrow up to the KEY FILL option and press ENT 3 Press ENT on COMSEC 4 Select which key position you desire to load it in i e TEK 1 2 3 4 5 or KEK Press ENT on key and arrow either up or down to desired position 2 Load COMSEC Step Action 1 Turn DTD on Select RADIO and press enter Select COMSEC and press enter Select TEK and press enter 2 3 4 Select LD and press enter 5 6 Select desired segment by paging up or down and press enter at desired segment 7 XMIT will show on the screen to the right of the segment 8 Arrow over to QUIT and press enter 9 Connect DTD to an prc 148 10 DTD will display SENDING TEK 11 DTD will display PRESS LOAD ON RT 12 Press the PTT button 13 Repeat steps as required 4
57. uipment Continued OE 254 Antenna Technical Characteristics Frequency Range VHF 30 87 975 MHz e Operating Range Maximum of 15 miles using non power amplified VHF communications e Erection Time 15 minutes for two Marines e Height 39 ft Weight 42 lbs 32 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Annex A Types of Eguipment Continued COM 201B Antenna Technical Characteristics e Freguency Range VHF 30 87 975 MHz e Operating Range Maximum of 15 miles using Non power amplified VHF communications e Erection time 15 minutes for two Marines utilizing OE 254 mast sections 2 minutes without e May be elevated using OE 254 mast sections if LOS communications is limited utilizing the antennas 3 extendable legs e Height 105 inches Weight 10Lbs 33 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment AN CYZ 10 Technical Characteristics e United States National Security Agency developed portable hand held fill device for securely receiving storing and transferring data between compatible cryptographic and communications The CZY 10 is the primary device used to load the Hopset TSK TEK into tactical radios for FH mode e Capable of storing up to 1 000 keys e Maintains an automatic internal audit trail of all security relevant events The DTD is capable of keying multiple information systems security INFOSEC devices and is compatible
58. urn at 55 MPH The lower speed allows you to turn at a greater angle The same holds true for lower frequencies Ground waves travel from the transmitting antenna along the surface of the earth see following diagram SIGNAL PATH x D m EA e gt 5 When planning for an operation you must understand how the environment you are operating in will affect your communications see following diagram DISTANT STATION 9 Basic Officer Course B191716 Communication Eguipment Radio Communications Continued Ground Waves Continued Sky waves Several factors can affect the distance range these waves travel Dense vegetation mountainous terrain or dry desert soil can negatively affect a ground wave Manmade features such as buildings power lines or water towers can reflect a radio wave into a new direction or absorb the signal e Severe weather such as sandstorms thunderstorms and blizzards can affect your radio signal Planning considerations for ground waves are to e Position your antenna on the military crest Position your antenna as far back as possible from obstacles in the direction you want to communicate Plan for and be prepared to use relay retransmission stations Select a scheme of maneuver that allows you to avoid or exploit certain obstacles NOTE Remember the enemy will be attempting to listen to your radio transmissions If you can position your ant
59. y actions physical means of communications Most secure nothing is more reliable or secure than a Marine charged with delivering a message Reliable Economical Available to all units Physical limitations on modes of transportation caused by o Weather o Terrain Wire Interconnects closely located command posts and positions More secure than radio since the signal is limited to the wire line Reduced probability of interception Desirable in defensive operations Compared to radio to install and maintain requires more o Time o Personnel o Equipment Not a workable means when unit is mobile Basic Officer Course B19171 6 Communication Eguipment Tactical Communications Continued Type of Order of Pros Cons Communication Security Sound e Available to all units e Easily misunderstood e Numerous types simplicity is key to o Sirens employment o Bells e Highly susceptible to o Whistles interception e Does not need electricity Enemy may use same e Produces no signal for deception electromagnetic signature Visual e Available to all units e Easily misunderstood e Numerous types simplicity is key to o Lights employment o Panels e Highly susceptible to o Hand and arm signals interception o Pyrotechnics e Enemy may use same e Does not need electricity signal for deception e Produces no electromagnetic signature Radi

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