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ABAQUS Release Notes

1. Connector Output Output Variable Description Identifier Connector plasticity CUP Connector plastic relative motion CUPEQ Connector equivalent relative plastic motion CALPHAF Connector kinematic hardening shift force moment Connector damage CDMG Connector overall damage uos mu CDIF Connector force based damage Q xplicit initiation criterion CDIM Connector motion based damage initiation criterion CDIP Connector plastic motion based damage initiation criterion Connector elasticity CUE Connector elastic relative motion Connector friction CNF Connector contact force CSF Connector friction force CASU Connector accumulated slip CIVC Connector instantaneous slip velocity 15 15 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION Table 15 2 Renamed connector friction output variables Old Name New Name CSFSL CSFC CNFSL CNFC CASUSL CASUC CIVSL CIVC References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e ABAQUS Standard output variable identifiers Section 4 2 1 e ABAQUS Explicit output variable identifiers Section 4 2 2 e Connector behavior Section 17 2 1 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONNECTOR DAMAGE EVOLUTION e CONNECTOR DAMAGE INITIATION e CONNECTOR FRICTION e CONNECTOR PLASTICITY 15 11 FILTERING AND IMPROVED OUTPUT Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits Real time filtering is available in ABAQUS Explicit to reduce noise in element nodal cont
2. D 333 The resultant modulus in the thickness direction D3333 is now based on plane stress conditions For an isotropic material the plane stress thickness modulus is 3333 E l v The plane strain thickness modulus used in Version 6 4 can be recovered by using an effective thickness modulus defined as E E De Using the plane stress thickness modulus is more appropriate for shell like problems that are free to expand or contract in the thickness direction Furthermore incompressible behavior is now allowed where Poisson s ratio is 0 5 For analyses in ABAQUS Explicit where the thickness direction behavior determines the stable time increment size larger stable time increments will be used since the thickness modulus is lower by a factor related to Poisson s ratio ELEMENTS References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Using a shell section integrated during the analysis to define the section behavior Section 15 6 5 e Using a general shell section to define the section behavior Section 15 6 6 8 3 CONNECTOR ELEMENTS NEW CONNECTION TYPES AND KINEMATICS Products ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits The expanded connector element library in ABAQUS Explicit includes connection types and kinematics designed for more accurate modeling of several applications such as spot welds and bushings Description Two new basic connection types have been introduced in ABAQUS Explicit The PROJECTION CARTESIAN conne
3. Specify slide distance Automatic overclosure tolerances Max number of points that can violate contact o Max tensile stress force o Max overclosure distance o OK Defaults Cancel Figure 11 7 The ABAQUS Standard contact controls editor in the Interaction module 11 6 SPECIFYING INITIAL CLEARANCES AND CONTROLLING INITIAL OVERCLOSURE ADJUSTMENTS FOR GENERAL CONTACT Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits The initial clearance between contact surfaces can be specified precisely when geometry errors are introduced by the preprocessor or mesh discretization Description Initial contact clearances can be specified to remove initial overclosures or to create initial gaps between contacting surfaces 11 11 INTERACTIONS The default algorithm to remove initial contact overclosures cannot resolve deep penetrations of surfaces defined on solid elements or separate tangled shell surfaces you must direct the algorithm to resolve these overclosures by specifying a zero clearance between specific portions of the interacting surfaces In cases where two curved surfaces have precise initial clearances the discretization of each surface determines the initial gap between each slave node and its closest point on the opposing surface see Figure 11 8 In this case a clearance must be defined to correct the discretized geometry and to satisfy the initial clearance conditions d inner lt Co lt douter Figure 11
4. Description You are no longer limited to a list of color names when you select a color for the background fonts or graphic symbols in ABAQUS CAE You can choose any of the following methods to select a new color e A color palette of 24 common colors e An eyedropper that you can use to select any color on the computer screen e A full spectrum color wheel with brightness control and a picked point for the current selection e Red green and blue RGB e Hue saturation and value HSV e Cyan magenta and yellow CMY e A list of several hundred named colors including shades of gray You can use these color selection methods to match the colors in a presentation or to enhance the displayed or printed output from ABAQUS CAE In addition you can choose a solid or gradient viewport background Select a new color by opening the dialog box that contains the settings for the item you want to change Click the rectangular color sample Color LI The Select Color dialog box shown in Figure 2 3 appears Use the methods in the dialog box to select a new color or to modify the current color Note XY Curve Options still uses an abbreviated list of colors ABAQUS CAE Usage Any module Viewport Viewport Annotation Options View Graphics Options GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS I Select Color 5 E X mr gmrzmmrrrErrrrrmrrmm5mmmE OK Cancel Figure 2 3 The Select Color dialog box Visualization module View ODB Display Optio
5. Figure 15 7 Location and description of an analysis error If ABAQUS made a cutback in an analysis attempt the summary for that attempt now includes a reason for the cutback for example a severe overclosure or a diverging solution Element diagnostics include distorting elements excessive strain increments and failed constitutive calculations Interpreting the reason for cutbacks and element diagnostics is an essential step in resolving convergence problems in an analysis Note Although Job Diagnostics were available in ABAQUS Version 6 4 the enhancements in the current version do not allow you to view diagnostics for an upgraded output database To view diagnostic information you must run the analysis using ABAQUS Version 6 5 ABAQUS CAE Usage Visualization module Tools Job Diagnostics Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Chapter 23 Viewing diagnostic output 15 14 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION 15 10 CONNECTOR OUTPUT Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits History output of connector plasticity damage and friction quantities can be used to monitor plasticity damage and friction effects in connector elements Description Table 15 1 describes the new connector output variables that are available for history output Table 15 2 lists the previously available connector friction output variables that have been renamed Table 15 1 Connector output variables
6. 2 8 SUPPORT FOR 3DCONNEXION MOTION CONTROLLERS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can use the 3Dconnexion motion controllers to manipulate the view of your model in ABAQUS CAE and to work more efficiently Description 3Dconnexion www 3dconnexion com manufactures a variety of view manipulation devices that are popular with users of CAE and CAD systems One example of their devices is the SpaceBall that is illustrated in Figure 2 7 Figure 2 7 The 3Dconnexion SpaceBall You can use the 3Dconnexion www 3dconnexion com motion controllers in conjunction with the mouse to work with ABAQUS CAE You can manipulate the view of your model with one hand on the motion controller while using the mouse to select from the model with the other hand In addition ABAQUS CAE provides a set of Application Functions that are available through the standard 3Dconnexion user interface These functions provide shortcuts to the view manipulation view and display tools You can map these functions to the programmable buttons that are built into the 3Dconnexion motion controllers Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Using the 3Dconnexion motion controllers with ABAQUS CAE Section 5 6 in the online version of this manual GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS 2 9 EXPORTING TO VRML Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits VRML format image files increase the portability of ABAQUS CAE models across networks and applications Description You can
7. 4 0 Regents of the University of Minnesota p www users cs umn edu karypis metis PBMPlus 8 3 Copyright 2000 Jef Poskanzer p www acme com software pbmplus Perl 5 005 Copyright 1989 1999 2003 2004 by Larry Wall and others hti p www perl org GPL and artistic licenses at this URL PNG 1 0 3 Copyright 2000 2002 Glenn Randers Pehrson p www libpng org Python 2 0 Copyright 2000 BeOpen com p www python org pyPDF 0 8 Copyright 2001 2004 Open Source Development Network Inc Copyright 2004 OSTG Inc Open Source Technology Group p pyxml sourceforge net TIFF 3 3 7 Copyright 1988 1997 Sam Leffler Copyright 1991 1997 Silicon Graphics Inc http www remotesensing org Unzip 5 2 Copyright 1990 2004 Info ZIP ftp ftp info zip org pub infozip Info ZIP html PDF Expat parser 1 95 4 Copyright 1998 1999 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd http www jclark com Zip 2 3 Copyright 1990 2004 Info ZIP ftp ftp info zip org pub infozip Info ZIP html Zlib 1 1 2 Copyright 1995 2003 Jean loup Gailly and Mark Adler http www gzip org ABAQUS Offices and Representatives ABAQUS Inc Rising Sun Mills 166 Valley Street Providence RI 02909 2499 Tel 1 401 276 4400 Fax 1 401 276 4408 E mail support Abaqus com http www abaqus com
8. ABAQUS Interface for MSC ADAMS This interface allows ABAQUS finite element models to be included as flexible components within the MSC ADAMS family of products The interface is based on the component mode synthesis formulation of ADAMS Flex Specifically flexibility data from ABAQUS superelements are translated to the modal neutral mn file format required by the ADAMS Flex product Although the ADAMS Flex interface supports only linear flexibility data the ABAQUS user may include an arbitrary number of preloading steps before the linear flexibility data are obtained Multiple flexible components generated by ABAQUS can be included in an MSC ADAMS model Most ABAQUS structural elements are supported by the interface Translators e ABAQUS translators are provided with the release They are invoked through the ABAQUS execution procedure the driver The translators and the commands to invoke them are described below abaqus fromnastran translates a NASTRAN bulk data file to an ABAQUS input file abaqus frompamcrash translates a PAM CRASH input file to a partial ABAQUS input file abaqus toOutput2 translates an ABAQUS output database file to the NASTRAN Output2 file format abaqus tozaero enables you to exchange aeroelastic data between the ABAQUS and ZAERO analysis products INTRODUCTION TO ABAQUS VERSION 6 5 Utilities e Additional programs are included with the release They are all invoked through the ABAQUS execution proced
9. Creating and Analyzing a Simple Model in ABAQUS CAE of Getting Started with ABAQUS Model Database i gg Models 1 Beam fl Parts 1 H e Materials 1 H Sections 1 Profiles 0 HAE Assembly Hof Steps 2 amp Eg History Output Requests 1 3 Interactions 0 amp Interaction Properties 0 Contact Controls 0 wo Constraints 0 f amp Connectors 0 8 Connector Properties 0 Amplitudes 0 SI Loads 1 amp B5 BCs 1 fla Fields 0 HA Jobs 1 Figure 2 5 The object Model Tree after completing the cantilever beam tutorial The arrangement of the objects in the Model Tree reflects the order in which you are expected to create your model A similar logic governs the order of the modules in the module menu Clicking mouse button 3 over an item in the Model Tree displays a menu that reproduces much of the functionality of the main menu bar the module toolboxes and the various managers For example the menu allows you to switch modules create and edit objects and suppress and resume objects When you become GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS familiar with the Model Tree you will find that you can use it to quickly and conveniently perform most of the tasks required to create and manage your models You can toggle off the display of the Model Tree by selecting View Show Model Tree from the main menu bar Typing Cntrl T has the same effect Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Working with t
10. Figure 4 6 Colored sides are easier to distinguish ABAQUS CAE Usage Assembly module or Step module Tools Surface Create Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Specifying a particular side or end of a region Section 48 2 5 4 11 MODELING 4 11 USING SELECTION GROUPS DURING SELECTION PROCEDURES Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The introduction of selection groups has made the process of selecting multiple entities from the viewport simpler and faster Description To speed up the process of selecting many entities from the viewport you can append groups of entities to your selection The group can be a display group or it can be a temporary selection group You can click mouse button 3 in the viewport and do the following Create a selection group by copying entities vertices edges faces or cells that are highlighted in the viewport into a selection group e Append to your selected entities by pasting the entities stored in a selection group or a display group into your current selection For example you can copy all the small faces highlighted by the Geometry Diagnostics query tool into a selection group as shown in Figure 4 7 EM Geometry Diagnostics E M Geometry Invalid entities Errors gt IT Imprecise entities r Topology Free edges Solid cells Shell faces wire edges M Small Geometry IT Edges shorter than o Iv Faces smaller than fio Fa
11. Section 14 3 e Utility routine to read results data averaged at a node Section 14 4 e Utility routine to read nodal results data Section 14 5 e Support for ABAQUS CAE plug ins Section 14 6 e Plug in to display mode contribution factors Section 14 7 USER SUBROUTINES UTILITIES AND PLUG INS 14 4 USER SUBROUTINE TO DEFINE THE MAGNITUDE AND LOADING DIRECTIONS OF NONUNIFORM DISTRIBUTED SURFACE TRACTIONS EDGE LOADS AND EDGE MOMENTS Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits This subroutine allows you to define a nonuniform magnitude and loading direction if needed for distributed surface tractions edge loads and edge moments Description User subroutine UTRACLOAD can be used to define the variation of a distributed traction load magnitude as a function of position time element number material point number etc It can also be used to define the loading directions for general surface tractions shear tractions and general edge loads References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Distributed loads Section 19 4 3 e UTRACLOAD Section 25 2 41 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e DLOAD e DSLOAD ABAQUS Verification Manual Distributed traction and edge loads Section 1 4 17 14 2 USER SUBROUTINE TO SPECIFY MESH MOTION CONSTRAINTS DURING ADAPTIVE MESHING Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits This subroutine allows you to define adaptive mesh constraints in directions relative to surface norma
12. Section 3 5 e What is the difference between a dependent and an independent part instance Section 13 3 2 e How do I decide whether to create a dependent or an independent part instance Section 13 3 3 e Changing from a dependent to an independent part instance or vice versa Section 13 3 4 e Meshing independent and dependent part instances Section 17 3 6 4 8 MODELING amp fg Assembly l amp Instances 5 gasket 1 Bx Mesh i housing 1 Ba Mesh bolt10x14 1 bolt6x14 1 bolt8x14 1 gf eiim aia imn e 8 Name bolt8x14 1 Description Dependent aT ID dp Surfaces 0 ip Engineering Features IO Figure 4 1 The Model Tree indicates whether a part instance is dependent or independent 4 2 FILLETING AND CHAMFERING SHELL EDGES Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The fillet and chamfer tools are more widely applicable Description You can now fillet and chamfer shell edges In addition the fillet and chamfer tools can be applied to many solid edges that could not be filleted or chamfered with previous versions of ABAQUS CAE For example the bicycle frame shown in Figure 4 has a sequence of edges at the intersection of the tubing that could not be filleted with previous versions of ABAQUS CAE The Round Fillet tool can now be applied to these edges Edges of parts that contain wires cannot be filleted or chamfered ABAQUS CAE Usage Part module Shape Blend Round Fillet Sha
13. otes o T E q gt SS Trademarks and Legal Notices CAUTIONARY NOTICE TO USERS This manual is intended for qualified users who will exercise sound engineering judgment and expertise in the use of the ABAQUS Software The ABAQUS Software is inherently complex and the examples and procedures in this manual are not intended to be exhaustive or to apply to any particular situation Users are cautioned to satisfy themselves as to the accuracy and results of their analyses ABAQUS Inc will not be responsible for the accuracy or usefulness of any analysis performed using the ABAQUS Software or the procedures examples or explanations in this manual ABAQUS Inc shall not be responsible for the consequences of any errors or omissions that may appear in this manual ABAQUS INC DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL IN NO EVENT SHALL ABAQUS INC OR ITS THIRD PARTY PROVIDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT INCIDENTAL PUNITIVE SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION EVEN IF ABAQUS INC HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES The ABAQUS Software described in this manual is available only under license from ABAQUS Inc and may be used or reproduced only in accordance w
14. 14 7 PLUG IN TO DISPLAY MODE CONTRIBUTION FACTORS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits This plug in allows you to find the dominant modes from the results of a modal frequency response analysis Description This ABAQUS CAE plug in calculates the contribution of each mode to the total structural or acoustic response This contribution is called the modal contribution factor MCF and is used in automotive noise vibration and harshness NVH studies The plug in displays the calculated MCFs in separate viewports in the following forms 14 6 USER SUBROUTINES UTILITIES AND PLUG INS e X Y plot Projection plot Bar graph e Polar plot e Vector plot The bar graph in Figure 14 1 shows the first five ranked modal contribution factors calculated by the plug in The output database used in this example was generated by a coupled acoustic structural analysis of a pick up truck de 36 40 696 Hz 44 74 lode 169 108 91 Hz 6 13 de 8 16 005 Hz 9 84 lode 3 10 783 Hz 174 17 Mode 24 33 872 Hz 102 32 035 TT TT TT TT 0 30 MCF MAG Figure 14 1 Displaying modal contribution factors Reference 14 7 USER SUBROUTINES UTILITIES AND PLUG INS ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Displaying modal contribution factors Section 54 4 14 8 15 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION This chapter discusses obtaining postprocessing and visualizing results from ABAQUS analyses It provides
15. A softened pressure overclosure relationship is specified or the augmented Lagrangian contact enforcement method is used e The contact surfaces are based on any second order element type with the following exceptions C3D10 elements or any of the modified triangular and tetrahedral element types whose names end in the letter M for example CPS6M and C3D10M A comparison of Figure 11 2 Version 6 4 results and Figure 11 3 Version 6 5 results shows a typical reduction in element stress noise near a contact interface in Version 6 5 This example uses CAXS elements and augmented Lagrangian contact Figure 11 2 Underlying element stresses using Version 6 4 References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Solid continuum elements Section 14 1 1 11 5 INTERACTIONS Figure 11 3 Underlying element stresses using Version 6 5 Defining contact pairs in ABAQUS Standard Section 21 2 1 Common difficulties associated with contact modeling in ABAQUS Standard Section 21 2 9 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual SURFACE BEHAVIOR ABAQUS Benchmarks Manual The Hertz contact problem Section 1 1 11 ABAQUS Verification Manual Surface based pressure penetration Section 1 3 42 Small sliding contact between stress displacement elements Section 1 6 1 Small sliding contact between coupled temperature displacement surfaces Section 1 6 2 Small sliding contact between coupled pore pressu
16. Material data definition Section 9 1 2 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e MATERIAL SRATE FACTOR w 7 9 ORTHOTROPIC ELASTIC PLASTICITY IN ABAQUS Explicit Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits Orthotropic elastic plasticity facilitates the modeling of orthotropic materials for which the effects of orthotropy are important in both the elastic and the plastic response Description ABAQUS Explicit now supports the combination of orthotropic elasticity with Hill plasticity to model anisotropy in both the elastic and plastic response The case of Mises isotropic plasticity can be obtained by setting the yield ratios of the Hill s potential to one References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Elastic behavior overview Section 10 1 1 e Anisotropic yield creep Section 11 2 6 7 11 MATERIALS ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e ELASTIC TYPE ENGINEERING CONSTANTS or ORTHOTROPIC e PLASTIC e POTENTIAL 7 12 8 ELEMENTS This chapter discusses elements available in ABAQUS It provides an overview of the following enhancements Continuum shell elements ABAQUS CAE support Section 8 1 Continuum shell elements modified through thickness modulus Section 8 2 Connector elements new connection types and kinematics Section 8 3 New connector behaviors Section 8 4 Enhanced orientation definition methods Section 8 5 Cohesive elements Section 8 6 Assigning element prope
17. an overview of the following enhancements e View manipulation and camera options Section 15 1 e Enhanced color coding Section 15 2 e Size control for displayed symbols Section 15 3 e Enhancements to stress linearization Section 15 4 e Creating paths using element edges or circular features Section 15 5 e Integrated output over a surface Section 15 6 e Whole surface contact output in general contact Section 15 7 e Accessing a remote output database Section 15 8 e Job diagnostics enhancements Section 15 9 e Connector output Section 15 10 e Filtering and improved output Section 15 11 e Viewing the interior of a model Section 15 12 e Substructure matrix output Section 15 13 e Steady state dynamic output enhancements Section 15 14 e Vector image output Section 15 15 e Results averaging and contour plot limits Section 15 16 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION 15 1 VIEW MANIPULATION AND CAMERA OPTIONS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now view your model from the inside In the Visualization module you can also position the camera on a local coordinate system and the camera can follow that coordinate system during an animation You can use these new options to create internal views of car crash simulations or other analyses without removing external components from the display Description There are now two camera modes available to create
18. elements nodes materials sections and display groups Section 37 4 2 in the online version of this manual e Customizing colors Section 3 2 9 15 5 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION 15 3 SIZE CONTROL FOR DISPLAYED SYMBOLS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now control the size of the symbols used to represent model entities in an output database In addition the range of sizes for vector and tensor arrows in a symbol plot has been expanded Description The new symbol size controls in the Visualization module match the symbol size controls in the assembly related modules of ABAQUS CAE In addition to toggling model entity symbols on or off you can now control their size Figure 15 3 shows the new Symbol size control in the ODB Display Options dialog box imi ODB Display Options x General Entity Display Sweep amp Extrude Options 6 Symbol size mM Show boundary conditions Show coupling constraints Show connectors bk Highlight connector points v Show local axes IV Show connector type Show ODB coordinate systems IV Show session coordinate systems IV Show point elements IV Show reference points Show mass inertia elements Show springs dashpots Show spot welds DCOUP elements Show tracer particles OK Apply Defaults Cancel Figure 15 3 Symbol size control 15 6 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION An identical control in the Symbol Plot Options dialog bo
19. for these materials it is recommended that the analysis be run without adaptive meshing but with enhanced hourglass control To recover the default hourglass control behavior from previous versions the total stiffness approach in ABAQUS Standard and the integral viscoelastic approach in ABAQUS Explicit you can use the abaqus upgrade utility with the previousdefaults option References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Section controls Section 13 1 4 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e SECTION CONTROLS HOURGLASS ENHANCED 8 9 CHANGE IN DEFAULT ELEMENT DISTORTION CONTROL FOR SOLID ELEMENTS MODELED WITH FINITE STRAIN ELASTIC MATERIALS Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits Element distortion control prevents excessive negative element volumes or other excessive distortion from occurring under high compressive loads Description By default ABAQUS Explicit will activate element distortion control for solid elements modeled with hyperelastic or hyperfoam materials Distortion control cannot be used when the elements are included in an adaptive mesh domain therefore 1f you decide to use hyperelastic or hyperfoam materials in an adaptive mesh domain you must deactivate distortion control The use of adaptive meshing in domains modeled with hyperelastic or hyperfoam materials is not recommended since better results are generally predicted using the enhanced hourglass control method and distortion control To recover the default beh
20. midsurface reference surface H I 1 midsurface TEN thickness element normals pee offset fraction 0 5 offset fraction 0 0 Figure 11 4 Surface offsets in general contact ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Interaction Create General contact Explicit Surface Properties Shell Membrane offset assignments Edit References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Defining general contact interactions Section 21 3 1 e Surface properties for general contact Section 21 3 2 11 7 INTERACTIONS ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Specifying surface property assignments for general contact Section 15 12 7 in the online version of this manual ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONTACT e SURFACE PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT 11 4 SPECIFYING FEATURE EDGE CRITERIA AND PURE MASTER SLAVE ASSIGNMENTS FOR GENERAL CONTACT INTERACTIONS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The ability to specify ABAQUS Explicit feature edge criteria in ABAQUS CAE increases coverage of ABAQUS contact interaction functionality Highlighting of selected surfaces is now available in the procedure for defining general contact Description You can now specify the feature edge criteria for the perimeter edges and geometric edges to include in the general contact domain as shown in Figure 11 5 In addition you can specify pure master slave weighting for node to face contact in a general contact interaction as shown in Figure 11 6 When you
21. typically results in better performance than loop level parallelization Together with the removal of the limitations mentioned above domain level parallelization has been made the default in Version 6 5 In addition you no longer need to specify the number of domains by default this number is set equal to the number of processors chosen for parallel execution ANALYSIS PROCEDURES Reference ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Parallel execution in ABAQUS Explicit Section 7 19 3 6 4 EXTENSION OF ADAPTIVE MESHING IN ABAQUS Standard Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS CAE Benefits Enhancements to the adaptive meshing facility allow application of arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ALE mesh smoothing to a broader number of elements in ABAQUS Standard These enhancements focus on providing a flexible user interface for describing mesh constraints as a method for describing material loss such as through wear or ablation from the surface of models These enhancements are not intended to result in a general ALE based mesh smoothing capability with suitability for bulk deformation analysis Description Adaptive mesh domains can now be defined in geometrically nonlinear static stress displacement analysis coupled pore fluid flow and stress analysis and fully coupled thermal stress analysis The generality of the interface for adaptive mesh constraints allows you to provide a mesh displacement that differs from the current material displace
22. 8 Specifying a uniform initial gap between concentric circular surfaces References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Cavity radiation Section 24 1 1 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONTACT e CONTACT CLEARANCE e CONTACT CLEARANCE ASSIGNMENT 11 12 INTERACTIONS 11 7 PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS FOR INTERACTING RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits Computational speed and memory usage for cavity radiation heat transfer have been improved substantially Description Heat can be exchanged through radiation between parts of a heated surface in ABAQUS Standard The algorithm to compute the interaction operators has been upgraded significantly with regard to memory requirements computational speed interoperability with multipoint constraints and algorithm technology The maximum permissible size of a cavity has been doubled to 40 thousand facets Memory usage has been observed to reduce between 8 and 46 in test problems and more accurate memory estimation procedures allow resources to be utilized more efficiently Overall computational performance wall clock time has been observed to improve between 20 and 95 in large test problems The user interface is unaltered References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Resolving initial overclosures and specifying initial clearances for general contact Section 21 3 5 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CAVITY DEFINITION e HEAT TRANSFER
23. E mail info tesis com ru SOUTH AFRICA Finite Element Analysis Services Pty Ltd Unit 4 The Waverley Wyecroft Road Mowbray 7700 Tel 27 21 448 7608 Fax 27 21 448 7679 E mail feas feas co za SPAIN Principia Ingenieros Consultores S A Velazquez 94 E 28006 Madrid Tel 34 91 209 1482 Fax 34 91 575 1026 E mail abaqus principia es TAIWAN APIC 11F No 71 Sung Chiang Road Taipei 10428 Tel 886 02 25083066 Fax 886 02 25077185 E mail apic apic com tw TURKEY A Ztech Ltd Perdemsac Plaza Teknoloji Evi Bayar Cad Gulbahar Sok No 17 Kozyatagi 34742 Istanbul TURKIYE Tel 90 216 361 8850 Fax 90 216 361 8851 E mail info a ztech com tr SWEDEN ABAQUS Scandinavia FEM Tech AB Pilgatan 8c SE 72130 V ster s Tel 46 21 12 64 10 Fax 46 21 18 12 44 E mail abaqus abaqus se THAILAND Worley Advanced Analysis 333 Lao Peng Nguan 1 Building 20th Floor Unit B Soi Chaypuang Vibhavadi Rangsit Road Ladyao Jatujak Bangkok 10900 Thailand Tel 66 2 689 3000 Fax 66 2 618 8109 E mail abaqus th worley com au UNITED KINGDOM Cheshire ABAQUS UK Ltd The Genesis Centre Science Park South Birchwood Warrington Cheshire WA3 7BH Tel 44 1 925 810166 Fax 44 1 925 810178 E mail hotline abaqus co uk Sales Only UNITED STATES ABAQUS East LLC Mid Atlantic Office 114 Zachary Court Forest Hill MD 21050 Tel 1 410 420 8587 Fax 1 410 420 8908
24. E mail support AbaqusEast com ABAQUS West Inc Southern CA and AZ Office 1100 Irvine Boulevard 248 Tustin CA 92780 Tel 1 714 731 5895 Fax 1 714 242 7002 E mail Info AbaqusWest com FINLAND ABAQUS Finland Oy Tekniikantie 12 FIN 02150 Espoo Tel 358 9 2517 2973 Fax 358 9 2517 2200 E mail abaqus abaqus se UNITED KINGDOM Kent ABAQUS UK Ltd Great Hollanden Business Centre Unit A Mill Lane Underriver Sevenoaks Kent TN15 OSQ Tel 44 1 732 834930 Fax 44 1 732 834720 E mail hotline abaqus co uk ABAQUS South Inc Southeast Office 484 Broadstone Way Acworth GA 30101 Tel 1 770 795 0960 Fax 1 770 795 7614 E mail support AbaqusSouth com ABAQUS West Inc Rocky Mountains Office 6910 Cordwood Ct Boulder CO 80301 Tel 1 303 664 5444 Fax 1 303 200 9481 E mail Info AbaqusWest com INDIA Pune ABAQUS Engineering Analysis Solutions Pvt Ltd C 9 3rd Floor Bramha Estate Kondwa Road Pune 411040 Tel 91 20 30913739 E mail abaqus abaqus co in CONTENTS CONTENTS 1 Introduction to ABAQUS Version 6 5 Key features of Version 6 5 1 1 ABAQUS products 1 2 Enhancements to the ABAQUS environment file 1 3 2 General enhancements Enhanced ABAQUS installation procedures 2 1 Preselection highlighting 2 2 Enhanced color selection 2 3 Enhanced printing on Windows platforms 2 4 The Model Tree 2 5 Saving your display options and GUI settings 2 6 Suppressing and resuming step d
25. IN ABAQUS CAE Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits Direct submission of input files for analysis from ABAQUS CAE allows you to bypass the command prompt interface for input file submission and take advantage of the convenient ABAQUS CAE job manager interface In addition you can run legacy input files from ABAQUS CAE without having to first import them Description You can create and submit a job based on an existing input file that may or may not have been created by ABAQUS CAE for example if you have created an input file outside ABAQUS CAE but would like to run the analysis monitor its progress and view the results in ABAQUS CAE The interface for input file job submission is the same as the interface for submitting jobs based on models created in ABAQUS CAE ABAQUS CAE Usage Job module Job Create Source Input file Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Chapter 18 The Job module 4 MODELING This chapter discusses features related to creating your model such as node and element definition in ABAQUS Standard or ABAQUS Explicit and part and assembly definition in ABAQUS CAE It provides an overview of the following enhancements Introducing dependent part instances Section 4 1 Filleting and chamfering shell edges Section 4 2 Creating patterns of instances Section 4 3 Contact constraint moved Section 4 4 Translating and rotating part instances with existing constraints applied Se
26. Repair References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual An overview of the methods for repairing edges Section 47 2 1 e An overview of the methods for repairing faces Section 47 2 2 GEOMETRY IMPORT AND REPAIR e An overview of the methods for repairing entire parts Section 47 2 3 6 ANALYSIS PROCEDURES This chapter discusses features related to defining an analysis It provides an overview of the following enhancements Transferring results between ABAQUS analyses Section 6 1 Enhancements to the steady state transport procedure and symmetric model generation technique Section 6 2 Removal of limitations for domain level parallelization in ABAQUS Explicit Section 6 3 Extension of adaptive meshing in ABAQUS Standard Section 6 4 Contact iterations in ABAQUS Standard Section 6 5 Reading temperatures from a previous analysis Section 6 6 Enhancements to the submodeling analysis procedure Section 6 7 Modal damping and eigenmode selection by frequency range Section 6 8 Fluid structure interaction Section 6 9 Residual modes Section 6 10 Enhancements to the iterative equation solver Section 6 11 ANALYSIS PROCEDURES 6 1 TRANSFERRING RESULTS BETWEEN ABAQUS ANALYSES Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can specify the transfer of model data and results for models that are defined as assemblies of part instances In ABA
27. SS 17 partition D p uu c RE T VAS pu 2 imn SS is ER FE tous KE S ti AR LE x SS Figure 4 5 A sketched partition embedded in a cell ABAQUS CAE Usage Assembly module or Step module Tools Partition References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e What is a seam Section 20 1 8 An overview of the methods for partitioning cells Section 44 4 3 Using the sketch method to partition faces Section 44 6 1 in the online version of this manual e Using the sketch planar partition method to partition a cell Section 44 7 6 in the online version of this e manual 4 10 MODELING 4 10 ABAQUS CAE COLORS DIFFERENT SIDES OF A SHELL SURFACE Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits Selecting the sides of a surface of a shell part has been simplified by replacing the colored arrowheads that indicated the sides with colored faces Description If you were selecting the side of a surface in previous versions of ABAQUS CAE ABAQUS CAE displayed colored arrowheads and you chose the color corresponding to the desired side These arrowheads remain when you are selecting a side from a wire or an axisymmetric part However when you are selecting a side from a shell ABAQUS CAE now displays the two sides using different colors you simply choose the color corresponding to the desired side Figure 4 6 illustrates how much easier it is to distinguish sides based on colored faces compared to colored arrows
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29. User s Manual Execution procedure for translating ABAQUS output database files to NASTRAN Output2 results files Section 3 2 19 EXECUTION 3 5 TRANSLATING PAM CRASH INPUT FILES TO PARTIAL ABAQUS INPUT FILES Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits You can use this translator to convert keywords in a PAM CRASH input file into their equivalent in an ABAQUS input file Description PAM CRASH data entries are translated into a partial ABAQUS input file that contains model data You must provide history data including output data to complete the input Reference ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual Execution procedure for translating PAM CRASH input files to partial ABAQUS input files Section 3 2 18 3 6 ENHANCEMENTS TO THE INPUT FILE AND OUTPUT DATABASE UPGRADE UTILITY Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits For input file upgrades you can specify the version number of the file to upgrade and minimize modeling differences between the old input file and the upgraded input file Description The fromversion option allows you to specify the version ofthe input file to upgrade You can use the previousdefaults option to minimize modeling differences between the old input file and the upgraded input file Reference ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Execution procedure for input file and output database upgrade utility Section 3 2 14 EXECUTION 3 7 DIRECT SUBMISSION OF INPUT FILES FOR ANALYSIS
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31. although the part is meshed only once Meshing parts Section 13 1 ABAQUS CAE considers geometric curvature along edges to simplify the task of automatically seeding models that have holes of various sizes blends and other regions of high curvature with the appropriate target element size for meshing Support for curvature based part seeding Section 13 3 ABAQUS CAE Version 6 5 includes a completely new tetrahedral meshing algorithm providing fast reliable automated meshing of very complex geometries ABAQUS CAE users have the option of selecting either the new default algorithm or the Version 6 4 tetrahedral meshing algorithm New tetrahedral meshing algorithm Section 13 4 e View cuts enable visualization of the interior or selected portions of the model or results by creating planar cylindrical or spherical sections through the model View cuts can also be defined along a constant contour variable value or isosurface Viewing the interior of a model Section 15 12 ABAQUS Version 6 5 includes the following additional infrastructure enhancements e Version 6 5 is released on CD ROM for the following combinations of supported operating systems and processors Linux x86 32 Windows x86 32 HP UX Itanium Linux Itanium AIX POWER The full range of ABAQUS products is supported on Windows x86 32 platforms All ABAQUS products except fe Safe Version 5 are supported on Linux x86 32 p
32. an element by element basis Change in default hourglass control method for elements modeled with finite strain elasticity Change in default element distortion control for solid elements modeled with finite strain elastic materials 9 Prescribed conditions 10 11 12 Distributed surface tractions and edge loads Constraints Surface to surface tie constraint formulation Performance improvements for deformable elements declared as rigid Embedding beam and shell elements into solid elements New fastener interface using connector elements Interactions Surface to surface small sliding contact accounting for thickness Improved contact stresses for second order elements Accounting for shell offsets in the general contact algorithm Specifying feature edge criteria and pure master slave assignments for general contact interactions Customizing contact controls Specifying initial clearances and controlling initial overclosure adjustments for general contact Performance improvements for interacting radiation heat transfer Defining concentrated convective and radiative behavior Controlling nodal erosion for general contact Performance improvements for general contact Stabilization of multi body contact problems with rigid body modes Elimination of multiple state and model files during element reordering Engineering features Defining skin reinforcements Defining point mass and rotary inertia in ABAQUS CAE Defining dampi
33. an output database from the command line interface or from the ABAQUS Python prompt Reference ABAQUS Scripting User s Manual e Using tab completion to explore the object model Section 6 1 2 16 4 APPROACH TO VERIFYING A MODEL DATABASE HAS CHANGED Description If you have custom kernel scripts that store data in a model database you should verify that the model database is compatible with your scripts before allowing the user to interact with the model database For example if you have two different custom kernel applications that are not designed to work independently on the same model database you should prevent a model database that was created with the first application from being operated on by the second application You use the appData object and the verifyMdb method to determine if a model database needs to be upgraded The customKernel module has changed the way that it handles the appData object and verifyMdb method You must install your custom appData object by using the setAppData method and you must install your verifyMdb method by using the setVerifyMdb method Reference ABAQUS Scripting User s Manual e Verifying a model database Section 5 6 11 16 4 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 17 SUMMARY OF CHANGES This section summarizes the changes and the additions that have been made to the items that define an ABAQUS model including elements MPCs keywords and user subroutines For more information on these modi
34. contour limits include averaging 15 21 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION Result Options Figure 15 9 Averaging controls ABAQUS CAE Usage Visualization module Result Options Options Contour References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Selecting result options Section 24 4 e Understanding contour limits Section 27 1 3 15 22 16 ABAQUS SCRIPTING INTERFACE This chapter discusses using the ABAQUS Scripting Interface to write user scripts ABAQUS makes every attempt to be backward compatible and can execute most ABAQUS Scripting Interface scripts from previous versions of ABAQUS However backward compatibility is not guaranteed beyond several versions of ABAQUS and it is recommended that you upgrade your commands to the most recent version This chapter provides an overview of the following enhancements e Materials sections and section assignments in the output database Section 16 1 e Mass and inertia data in the output database Section 16 2 e Tab completion from the command line interface Section 16 3 e Approach to verifying a model database has changed Section 16 4 ABAQUS SCRIPTING INTERFACE 16 1 MATERIALS SECTIONS AND SECTION ASSIGNMENTS IN THE OUTPUT DATABASE Product ABAQUS CAE Description Materials sections and section assignments are now available in the output database In total there are over 110 new objects and commands that you can now use in the output data
35. create dependent part instances A dependent instance is only a pointer to the original part In effect a dependent instance shares the geometry and the mesh of the original part As a result you can mesh the original part but you cannot mesh a dependent instance When you mesh the original part ABAQUS CAE associates the same mesh with all dependent instances of the part Now you can create a 10 x 10 linear pattern of dependent part instances and mesh only the original part ABAQUS CAE associates the mesh with each of the 100 instances ABAQUS CAE creates dependent instances by default Unless your assembly contains only a few parts it is recommended that you work with dependent instances because of the memory savings and the resulting performance gain You cannot create both a dependent and an independent instance of the same part As a result if you create a dependent instance of a part all subsequent instances must be dependent The same argument applies to independent instances Instances of orphan mesh parts are always dependent Figure 4 1 illustrates that as you move the cursor over an instance in the Model Tree ABAQUS CAE indicates whether the instance 1s dependent or independent In addition you can right click on selected instances in the Model Tree and change them from dependent to independent or vice versa ABAQUS CAE Usage Assembly module Instance Create References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Working with the Model Tree
36. e RADIATION VIEWFACTOR 11 8 DEFINING CONCENTRATED CONVECTIVE AND RADIATIVE BEHAVIOR Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The addition of concentrated film and radiation behavior to ABAQUS CAE increases the coverage of ABAQUS analysis product functionality Description Concentrated film and radiation thermal interactions previously available in ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit can be defined in ABAQUS CAE You can define convective and radiative interactions about a selected vertex or set of vertices in your model and about a node or node 11 13 INTERACTIONS set in an orphan mesh Concentrated thermal interactions are available in addition to existing distributed surface based thermal interactions ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Interaction Create choose interaction type Concentrated film condition or Concentrated radiation to ambient References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Understanding interactions Section 15 3 e Defining a concentrated convective interaction Section 15 12 11 in the online version of this manual e Defining a concentrated radiative interaction Section 15 12 13 in the online version of this manual 11 9 CONTROLLING NODAL EROSION FOR GENERAL CONTACT Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits You can now control whether contact nodes remain in the contact domain after all the surrounding faces and edges have eroded due to failure of the underlying elements Description By default
37. export viewport data from ABAQUS CAE in Virtual Reality Modeling Language VRML format You can view VRML format three dimensional images in any web browser or stand alone client that supports VRML VRML format files can be many times smaller than typical model database files and are easy to share across a network ABAQUS CAE Usage Any module File Export VRML Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Exporting viewport data toa VRML format file Section 10 9 4 in the online version of this manual 2 10 MEMORY REDUCTIONS FOR ABAQUS Explicit ANALYSES Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits Memory requirements for ABAQUS Explicit analyses that use domain level parallelization have been greatly reduced Description In previous versions of ABAQUS Explicit the memory usage per domain for analyses conducted with domain level parallelization was relatively insensitive to the number of domains used gradual reductions in memory usage per domain would occur as the number of domains increased In Version 6 5 the memory used in scalar single domain analyses has been reduced somewhat in comparison to Version 6 4 and significant reductions in memory usage per domain can be observed as the number of domains is increased These reductions in memory usage result in a significantly lower memory requirement for ABAQUS Explicit analyses that use domain level parallelization These trends are shown in Table 2 1 which compares memory usage across ve
38. include support for heat transfer and coupled temperature displacement elements used with the symmetric model generation and symmetric results transfer techniques Figure 6 2 Mises stress distribution in a disc brake system ANALYSIS PROCEDURES References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Steady state transport analysis Section 6 4 1 e Symmetric model generation Section 7 8 1 e Transferring results from a symmetric mesh or a partial three dimensional mesh to a full three dimensional mesh Section 7 8 2 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e STEADY STATE TRANSPORT e SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION e SYMMETRIC RESULTS TRANSFER e TRANSPORT VELOCITY ABAQUS Example Problems Manual e A sequentially coupled thermal mechanical analysis of a disc brake with an Eulerian approach Section 5 1 2 ABAQUS Benchmarks Manual e Steady state transport analysis Section 1 5 1 ABAQUS Verification Manual e Symmetric model generation and results transfer Section 3 9 1 6 3 REMOVAL OF LIMITATIONS FOR DOMAIN LEVEL PARALLELIZATION IN ABAQUS Explicit Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits Domain level parallelization can now be used for ABAQUS Explicit analyses even if surface erosion is modeled with general contact In addition rigid bodies can now be split across parallel domains allowing for improved parallel performance Description Domain level parallelization was available in previous versions of ABAQUS Explicit and
39. into ABAQUS Standard Description You can now input matrices directly into ABAQUS Standard A matrix can be used to represent stiffness for a part of the model or the entire model It is defined by giving it a unique name and by specifying matrix data that may be scaled It can be given in lower triangular upper triangular or square including both lower and upper triangles format It can be used to provide linear elastic response with large translations in static analysis Only the symmetric equation solver can be used for a model containing a matrix therefore the matrix must be symmetric Except for body forces most loads boundary conditions and constraints can be applied directly to nodes on a matrix A matrix cannot be used in a model containing parts and assemblies References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual Defining matrices Section 2 10 1 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e MATRIX ASSEMBLE e MATRIX INPUT 4 15 DEFINING A NONSTRUCTURAL MASS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can include in a model the mass contribution from features that have negligible structural stiffness by smearing that mass over an element set that is typically adjacent to these features 99 ce Description You can specify a nonstructural mass in the form of a mass per unit volume mass per unit area mass per unit length or total mass The specification in the form of a mass per unit
40. may be thermal mechanical or both Typical problems include hemo dynamics in arteries fluid flow in a pump tube bundle instabilities in nuclear power steam generators airflow over an aircraft wing heat exchange in a radiator heat transfer in turbine discs airflow in high speed manufacturing dispensing of consumer products MEMS fluid sloshing in a tank and hydroplaning of a tire ANALYSIS PROCEDURES The ABAQUS co simulation interface can be used to solve multidisiplinary problems in which the physical domains are modeled by different analysis codes and are coupled in a synchronized manner by exchanging solution quantities Any code supporting the Mesh based Parallel Code Coupling Interface MpCCI can be linked with ABAQUS Although this does not rule out links to other CFD codes the ABAQUS FLUENT link will be actively supported and tested by both companies Performing a co simulation analysis will consume additional ABAQUS tokens as well as requiring a license of MpCCI and either FLUENT or other MpCCI supported third party analysis codes For further information about the ABAQUS co simulation interface please contact your ABAQUS sales office Figure 6 5 Thermal analysis of an exhaust manifold figure created with EnSight Gold developed by CEI International References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Co simulation overview Section 7 9 1 Preparing an ABAQUS analysis for co simulation Section 7 9 2 e Directing
41. nodes of element based surfaces remain in the general contact calculations after all the surrounding elements fail which is consistent with the behavior in previous versions These nodes act as free floating point masses that can experience contact with active contact faces In Version 6 5 you can specify to remove nodes from the contact calculations once all the surrounding faces and edges have eroded This process is referred to as nodal erosion The motivation for nodal erosion is to reduce computational cost particularly for analyses conducted in parallel Free flying nodes are likely to move far away from the contact faces that remain active which stretches the volume of the contact domain if nodal erosion is not specified leading to increased contact search costs and in parallel analyses increased cost of communication between processors However contact involving free flying nodes can contribute significant momentum transfer in some cases which will not be accounted for if nodal erosion is specified References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Contact controls for general contact Section 21 3 6 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONTACT e CONTACT CONTROLS ASSIGNMENT 11 14 INTERACTIONS ABAQUS Example Problems Manual e Eroding projectile impacting eroding plate Section 2 1 4 11 10 PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS FOR GENERAL CONTACT Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits Computational speed for general contact ha
42. routine to read results data averaged at a node Utility routine to read nodal results data Connector output Filtering and improved output Substructure matrix output Steady state dynamic output enhancements ABAQUS Explicit Section 2 10 Section 2 13 Section 3 1 Section 3 3 Section 3 4 Section 3 5 Section 3 6 Section 4 13 Section 4 15 Section 6 1 Section 6 3 Section 6 6 Section 6 7 Section 6 9 Section 7 5 Section 7 6 Section 7 7 Section 7 8 Section 7 9 Section 8 2 Section 8 3 Section 8 4 Section 8 5 Section 8 6 Section 8 8 Memory reductions for ABAQUS Explicit analyses Performance improvements for ABAQUS import models Parallel execution Enhancements to the translator for NASTRAN bulk data files Enhancements to the translator for NASTRAN Output2 files Translating PAM CRASH input files to partial ABAQUS input files Enhancements to the input file and output database upgrade utility Defining interior cross section surfaces Defining a nonstructural mass Transferring results between ABAQUS analyses Removal of limitations for domain level parallelization in ABAQUS Explicit Reading temperatures from a previous analysis Enhancements to the submodeling analysis procedure Fluid structure interaction Progressive damage and failure Energy dissipation in elastomeric foams Kinematic hardening plasticity in ABAQUS Explicit Evaluation of strain rate dependent data in ABAQUS Explicit Orthotropic elastic plasticity in ABAQUS
43. select surfaces to specify the contact domain or the attribute assignments ABAQUS CAE highlights the surfaces in the viewport by default However highlighting does not apply for the Global Self and All selections You can toggle off Highlight selected regions to turn off selection highlighting ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Interaction Create General contact Explicit Surface Properties Feature edge criteria assignments Edit Interaction Create General contact Explicit Contact Formulation Pure master slave assignments Edit References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Defining general contact Section 15 12 5 in the online version of this manual e Specifying surface property assignments for general contact Section 15 12 7 in the online version of this manual e Specifying master slave assignments for general contact Section 15 12 8 in the online version of this manual 11 8 INTERACTIONS Attribute Assignments Contact Surface Properties Properties Shell Membrane thickness assignments 2 items Edit Shell Membrane offset assignments None Edit Contact Formulation Feature edge criteria assignments None Edit gt Will Edit Feature Edge Criteria Assignments x Step Initial Select Surfaces Surface Feature Assignments Feature Edge Criteria PERIMETER NE e SSIDE1 PERIMETER el in all steps Note When assignment
44. selecting eigenmodes and defining modal damping values in mode based procedures has been introduced Description You can now choose to specify frequency ranges when selecting eigenmodes or defining modal damping in mode based procedures ABAQUS CAE Usage Step module Step Create any valid step type Damping Specify damping over ranges of Modes or Frequencies References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Implicit dynamic analysis using direct integration Section 6 3 2 e Transient modal dynamic analysis Section 6 3 7 e Mode based steady state dynamic analysis Section 6 3 8 e Subspace based steady state dynamic analysis Section 6 3 9 Response spectrum analysis Section 6 3 10 e Random response analysis Section 6 3 11 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e MODAL DAMPING DEFINITION MODE NUMBERS or FREQUENCY RANGE e SELECT EIGENMODES DEFINITION MODE NUMBERS or FREQUENCY RANGE ABAQUS Example Problems Manual e Linear analysis of the Indian Point reactor feedwater line Section 2 2 2 6 9 FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits ABAQUS introduces a general co simulation interface whose primary focus is to solve fluid structure interaction analyses using ABAQUS and FLUENT Description Fluid structure interaction FSI covers a broad scope of problems in which the fluid flow and structural deformations interact and affect one another The interactions
45. the exchange process Section 7 9 3 e Executing the coupled analysis Section 7 9 4 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CO SIMULATION ABAQUS Example Problems Manual e Closure of an air filled door seal Section 2 3 1 ANALYSIS PROCEDURES Pressure Pa 1 000e 002 7 5006 001 5 000e 001 2 500e4001 0 000e 000 Figure 6 6 Air escaping out of a vent hole of a door seal being closed figure created with EnSight Gold developed by CEI International ABAQUS Verification Manual e Fluid structure interaction of a cantilever beam inside a channel Section 3 17 1 6 10 RESIDUAL MODES Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS CAE Benefits The frequency extraction procedure has been enhanced to include the calculation of residual modes 1f desired If you request residual modes they will be included automatically with the eigenmodes to form the basis for projection and superposition in mode based procedures Inclusion of these modes can provide potentially significant gains in accuracy at less cost than simply extracting a larger set of eigenmodes Description A residual mode is representative of the static solution that would be obtained by applying the same loading pattern as is used for the excitation in the mode based analysis but orthogonalized with respect to the mass and stiffness matrices against the extracted eigenmodes Consequently residual modes effectively compensate for errors introduced when to reduce cos
46. the table of contents frame You can easily expand several levels or collapse all levels of the table of contents using the new Expand Collapse buttons in the book window The Mozilla web browser is supported on Linux and Windows platforms for viewing online documentation e ABAQUS CAE usage information has been added to the ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual 1 3 ENHANCEMENTS TO THE ABAQUS ENVIRONMENT FILE The browser type and browser path variables can be set in the environment file to control the behavior of the execution procedure for online documentation These variables also provide the ability to customize a supported web browser or to use a web browser not supported by ABAQUS for viewing online documentation although these uses are not recommended For more information see System customization parameters Section 4 1 4 of the ABAQUS Installation and Licensing Guide and Execution procedure for ABAQUS HTML documentation Section 3 2 7 of the ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual The Imlicensequeuing parameter indicates whether an ABAQUS analysis job or an ABAQUS CAE or ABAQUS Viewer job using the noGui option should queue for a license if one is not available For more information see License management parameters Section 4 1 6 of the ABAQUS Installation and Licensing Guide 2 GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS This chapter describes the following general enhancements that have been made to ABAQUS Enhanced ABAQUS installation procedu
47. the view in a viewport In the default mode your model or results are positioned some distance in front of the camera you can manipulate the camera suppress objects and create display groups to change the view In the new movie mode you can use all the same techniques but the model does not have to remain in front of the camera You can move the camera toward into and through the model to view internal or hidden portions of the model without suppressing outer components or creating display groups In addition when you apply the movie mode two planes limit how close to the camera and how far from it objects can be before they are cut from the view Alternate view manipulations are available so that you can fully utilize both camera modes Use the Shift key in conjunction with the pan rotate and magnify tools to access a perspective pan mode rotate the camera about itself and move the camera toward or away from the objects in the view respectively These new view manipulations work in either camera mode but they are primarily intended for movie mode For example in the default mode you can use the alternate magnify tool to move the camera closer until it hits the outer edge of the model then the tool stops working In movie mode you can move the camera into and through the model You can manipulate the camera so that it starts in front of the model passes into the model so that the model surrounds the camera and then passes out through
48. 2 GHz Windows x86 32 machine Table 2 2 Performance improvements for a particular ABAQUS Standard model Version Size of the Wall clock Wall clock output database time s input file time s analysis file ODB in MB preprocessing 6 4 303 1320 3201 6 5 45 163 65 Besides improved performance the only other visible difference between Version 6 5 and Version 6 4 due to the performance enhancements is how averaging regions for element output averaged at nodes are computed To recover the behavior in Version 6 4 set the ABAQUS environment parameter average by section to ON However in problems with many section and or material definitions the default value of OFF will generally give much better performance than the nondefault value of ON References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Using the ABAQUS environment settings Section 3 4 1 e Output to the data and results files Section 4 1 2 2 13 PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS FOR ABAQUS IMPORT MODELS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits The performance of ABAQUS models that use the import capability is significantly improved Description Import of elements and nodes and the associated transfer of data from one ABAQUS model to another have been improved by faster search and data transfer algorithms Import from ABAQUS Explicit to ABAQUS Standard shows the most improvement depending on the problem and the hardware used the current version is t
49. 6 Section 13 1 Section 13 2 Section 13 3 Section 13 4 Section 13 5 Section 13 6 Section 13 7 Section 13 8 Defining a nonstructural mass Import part from output database enhanced New geometry repair tools added Transferring results between ABAQUS analyses Extension of adaptive meshing in ABAQUS Standard Contact iterations in ABAQUS Standard Reading temperatures from a previous analysis Enhancements to the submodeling analysis procedure Modal damping and eigenmode selection by frequency range Residual modes Hyperelastic and viscoelastic material evaluation Creating a material when you create a section Section assignment enhancements Shell and beam section editor enhancements Continuum shell elements ABAQUS CAE support Connector elements new connection types and kinematics New connector behaviors Cohesive elements Distributed surface tractions and edge loads Surface to surface tie constraint formulation Embedding beam and shell elements into solid elements Surface to surface small sliding contact accounting for thickness Accounting for shell offsets in the general contact algorithm Specifying feature edge criteria and pure master slave assignments for general contact interactions Customizing contact controls Defining concentrated convective and radiative behavior Stabilization of multi body contact problems with rigid body modes Defining skin reinforcements Defining point mass and rotary inertia in ABAQUS CAE Defining da
50. 6 5 3 e Submodeling Section 7 3 1 e Initial conditions Section 19 2 1 e Predefined fields Section 19 6 1 ABAQUS Benchmarks Manual e Quenching of an infinite plate Section 1 6 4 ABAQUS Verification Manual e Shell submodeling Section 3 6 8 e TEMPERATURE FIELD and PRESSURE STRESS Section 5 1 24 ANALYSIS PROCEDURES Global model mesh1 Heat transfer analysis Field variable Global_1 odb Interpolate from mesh1 to mesh2 Global model mesh2 Static analysis Read temperatures from Global 1 0db Field variable Driven variable Global 2 0db Global 2 fil or Global 2 odb Interpolate from mesh2 to mesh3 Submodel mesh3 Static analysis Read temperatures from Global_2 odb Figure 6 3 Thermal stress analysis run directly from the global stress analysis Global model mesh1 Heat transfer analysis Field variables Global odb Interpolate from mesh1 to mesh4 Field variables Global odb Interpolate from mesh1 to mesh 3 Global model mesh3 Submodel mesh4 Static analysis Driven variables Static analysis Read temperatures from Global odb Global_u fil or Global u odb Read temperatures from Global odb Figure 6 4 Thermal stress analysis run from the global heat transfer analysis 6 8 MODAL DAMPING AND EIGENMODE SELECTION BY FREQUENCY RANGE Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS CAE 6 11 ANALYSIS PROCEDURES Benefits A more intuitive method of
51. 7 7 e UMESHMOTION Section 25 2 32 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Customizing adaptive meshing Section 14 13 in the online version of this manual ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e ADAPTIVE MESH e ADAPTIVE MESH CONSTRAINT e ADAPTIVE MESH CONTROLS 6 5 CONTACT ITERATIONS IN ABAQUS Standard Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS CAE Benefits Contact severe discontinuity iterations are executed faster for frictionless static contact problems Contact iterations can be especially effective for the solution of large linear elastic contact problems with many severe discontinuity iterations Description Contact iterations are executed without reassembling and refactorizing the global stiffness matrix ABAQUS CAE Usage Step module Step Create General Geostatic Soils Static General Static Riks or Visco Other Apply contact iteration solution technique Step Create General Coupled temp displacement Other Solution technique Contact Iterations ANALYSIS PROCEDURES References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Contact iterations Section 8 2 2 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e SOLUTION TECHNIQUE TYPE CONTACT ITERATIONS 6 6 READING TEMPERATURES FROM A PREVIOUS ANALYSIS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits Temperatures for sequentially coupled thermal stress analysis can now be read from the output database file in addition to the results file and interpolated betwee
52. 9913E 032 0 Point 2 5 33974 4 34502 0 1 6 19501 0 Select from viewport Number of segments EE Radius C Circle radius Specify 6 2 Start angle 0 000 End angle s0 00d OK Cancel Figure 15 5 Creating a circumferential path Benefits You can request history output of the total force and moment transmitted across a surface You can also monitor the average translation and rotation of a surface using integrated output sections Description You can obtain the time history of force and moment transmitted across a surface with the results computed in a coordinate system that is fixed or rotates and translates with deformation You must define an integrated output section definition and associate it with an integrated output request when the output in a moving coordinate system is required Variables for total force SOF total moment SOM and total area of the surface SOAREA are available See Defining interior cross section surfaces Section 4 13 for information on creating cross section like interior surfaces for which integrated output can be requested to study the force flow in a model with a free body diagram type simplification Integrated output can also be requested for exterior surfaces to monitor the force and moment transmitted across a contact or tie constraint 15 10 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION W Edit Circular Path xi Mame Path 1 Type Circular List Path Type C Ci
53. AQUS CAE Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The ability to define and analyze cracks in ABAQUS CAE increases the coverage of ABAQUS fracture mechanics functionality Description You can define an embedded seam with duplicate overlapping nodes or you can define a crack in an existing region You must choose the crack front the crack tip or line and the crack extension direction You can use the crack definition to perform a contour integral analysis and to request history output of the J integral C integral for creep stress intensity factors for both homogeneous materials and interfacial cracks and T stress If you request stress intensity factors ABAQUS can also compute the crack propagation direction at initiation If you are modeling a sharp crack with a small strain analysis you can model the singularity of the strain field along the crack front see Using the Edit Mesh toolset to adjust the position of midside nodes Section 13 10 Figure 12 1 illustrates how ABAQUS CAE computes successive contour integrals for a two dimensional model by adding layers of elements surrounding the crack front If your part is three dimensional ABAQUS computes contour integrals at each node along the crack line as shown in Figure 12 2 ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Special Crack Create Seam or Crack Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Modeling fracture mechanics Section 20 1 12 6 DEFINING SPRINGS AND DASHPOTS IN AB
54. AQUS CAE Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The ability to define springs and dashpots in ABAQUS CAE increases the coverage of ABAQUS modeling functionality Description You can easily define springs and dashpots that exhibit the same linear behavior independent of field variables You can also define both spring and dashpot behavior on the same set of points In an ABAQUS Explicit or an ABAQUS Standard analysis you can model springs and dashpots that connect two points following the line of action between the two points In an ABAQUS Standard analysis you can also model springs and dashpots that connect two points acting in a fixed direction or that connect points to ground 12 5 ENGINEERING FEATURES TUIS TEOTIA PSP REI SE PTT Ty eT tt HEH LCA ZS DEC Be RE UE a ER T1 m Te NEN 2 an D CTT ewe ee SS E FHEECELHESHHERHRH EHE HERE URS BENEEEN Figure 12 1 Successive contour integrals are calculated by adding layers of elements 12 6 ENGINEERING FEATURES crack front cell crack line Figure 12 2 ABAQUS computes the contour integral at each node along the crack line You define springs and dashpots using the Special menu in the Property module or the Interaction module Springs and dashpots created on a part are instanced along with the part If you want to include the spring dashpot results data in the output database generated by the analysis you must use the History Output Request editor
55. AQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits The new connector behaviors allow you to define plastic and damage effects in connectors thus allowing for more realistic modeling of many discrete connections such as spot welds or rivets The previously available connector friction modeling behavior has been enhanced Description The following new behaviors are available for connector elements Plasticity Both rigid plasticity and elastic plasticity effects can now be modeled in connector elements in ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit Plasticity can be modeled in either connector individual components of relative motion or in a coupled fashion involving several components of relative motion simultaneously Only nonlinear uncoupled plasticity is supported in ABAQUS CAE The hardening behavior can be specified in a similar fashion to metal plasticity using experimental data or precalibrated parameters Both isotropic and kinematic hardening can be specified to define the hardening behavior after the initial yield Multiple plasticity definitions can be specified in the same connector behavior Damage Damage effects in connectors can now be modeled in ABAQUS Explicit in either connector individual components of relative motion or in a coupled fashion involving several components of relative motion simultaneously Only nonlinear uncoupled damage is supported in ABAQUS CAE Damage is initiated in a connector when a user specified criterion is me
56. BAQUS CAE Benefits You can create layers of shell or solid elements that are offset from an existing mesh You can use an offset shell mesh to create multi layered composite models and skin reinforcements You can use an offset solid mesh to generate continuum shell and cohesive elements Description You can use the Edit Mesh toolset to create layers of elements that are offset from existing elements along the surface of an orphan mesh part The layers that you create can be either shell or solid elements A layer of offset shell elements is shown in Figure 13 3 Nr CD 4 mesh shell offset mesh Figure 13 3 A layer of offset shell elements 13 9 MESHING A layer of offset solid elements is shown in Figure 13 4 NEN d solid offset mesh Figure 13 4 A layer of offset solid elements ABAQUS CAE Usage Part module Tools Edit Mesh Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Manipulating the mesh Section 41 1 3 13 10 14 USER SUBROUTINES UTILITIES AND PLUG INS This chapter discusses additional user programs that can be run with ABAQUS It provides an overview of the following enhancements User subroutine to define the magnitude and loading directions of nonuniform distributed surface tractions edge loads and edge moments Section 14 1 e User subroutine to specify mesh motion constraints during adaptive meshing Section 14 2 e Utility routine to determine elements adjacent to a node
57. D ELEMENTS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits The embedded element capability is expanded in Version 6 5 to allow embedding of elements with rotational degrees of freedom into solid elements Embedding beams or shells rather than trusses or membranes into solids is called for in many cases when the underlying reinforcement of a solid body has a significant role in resisting bending or buckling Description The embedded element capability has been available in previous versions to model various types of reinforcement within solid bodies often in conjunction with the rebar layer capability Allowing embedding of element types with rotational degrees of freedom is a simple yet highly useful extension of this capability The embedded constraints continue to act only on translations the translational degrees of freedom of the nodes of the embedded elements are interpolated from the corresponding degrees of freedom of the host elements Rotational degrees of freedom are not constrained by the embedding The following embedding combinations are now available in Version 6 5 e Two dimensional models Beam in solid 10 5 CONSTRAINTS Solid in solid Truss in solid e Axisymmetric models Membrane in solid ABAQUS Standard only Shell in solid Solid in solid Surface in solid ABAQUS Standard only e Three dimensional models Beam in solid Membrane in solid Shell
58. E SUBMODELING ANALYSIS PROCEDURE Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits Enhancements to the submodeling procedure in ABAQUS result in faster processing of the submodel driven nodes and easier handling of sequentially coupled thermal stress analysis Description A new search algorithm has been implemented for processing the submodel driven nodes The analysis preprocessing time for submodeling analyses has been significantly reduced especially for cases with large numbers of driven nodes You no longer need to include the results file or output database file extension for the global model If the extension is omitted and both results and output database files exist the results file from the global model is used for the submodel analysis Submodeling thermal stress analyses can now be carried out in a much more convenient and efficient manner Temperature fields can be interpolated between dissimilar meshes see Reading temperatures from a previous analysis Section 6 6 which allows you to efficiently perform a sequentially coupled thermal stress submodel analysis by reading the temperatures from the output database for the global stress analysis as illustrated in Figure 6 3 Alternatively you can read the temperatures from the output database for the global heat transfer analysis as illustrated in Figure 6 4 References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Sequentially coupled thermal stress analysis Section
59. ESHING To avoid the problem of inadequate seeding around small curved features ABAQUS CAE applies curvature control when it seeds a part or part instance Curvature control allows ABAQUS CAE to calculate the seed distribution based on the curvature of the edge along with the target element size Figure 13 2 shows the same part seeded and meshed with curvature control enabled Figure 13 2 Seeding and the resulting mesh with curvature control enabled ABAQUS CAE Usage Mesh module Seed Part Seed Instance Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Applying curvature control to your seeding Section 17 4 4 13 4 NEW TETRAHEDRAL MESHING ALGORITHM Product ABAQUS CAE 13 5 MESHING Benefits The robustness of tetrahedral meshes is improved Description A new algorithm for generating a tetrahedral mesh of a solid region using free meshing has been introduced In most cases the new algorithm is more robust particularly when meshing complex shapes and thin solids In addition the default algorithm allows you to increase the size of the interior elements If the mesh density is adequate for the model being analyzed and the areas of interest are on the mesh boundary increasing the size of the interior elements will increase the computational efficiency ABAQUS CAE Usage Mesh module Mesh Controls Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Free meshing with triangular and tetrahedr
60. Explicit Continuum shell elements modified through thickness modulus Connector elements new connection types and kinematics New connector behaviors Enhanced orientation definition methods Cohesive elements Change in default hourglass control method for elements modeled with finite strain elasticity Section 8 9 Section 9 1 Section 10 1 Section 10 3 Section 10 4 Section 11 3 Section 11 6 Section 11 9 Section 11 10 Section 15 6 Section 15 7 Section 15 10 Section 15 11 PRODUCT INDEX Change in default element distortion control for solid elements modeled with finite strain elastic materials Distributed surface tractions and edge loads Surface to surface tie constraint formulation Embedding beam and shell elements into solid elements New fastener interface using connector elements Accounting for shell offsets in the general contact algorithm Specifying initial clearances and controlling initial overclosure adjustments for general contact Controlling nodal erosion for general contact Performance improvements for general contact Integrated output over a surface Whole surface contact output in general contact Connector output Filtering and improved output ABAQUS CAE Section 2 2 Preselection highlighting Section 2 3 Enhanced color selection Section 2 4 Enhanced printing on Windows platforms Section 2 5 The Model Tree Section 2 6 Saving your display options and GUI settings Section 2 7 Suppressing and resumi
61. H FINITE STRAIN ELASTICITY Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits The default enhanced hourglass control method provides increased resistance to hourglassing for finite strain elastic materials and compatibility between ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit for import analyses Description The enhanced hourglass control method is now used by default for all first order reduced integration elements modeled with finite strain elastic materials hyperelastic and hyperfoam materials in both ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit and hysteresis materials in ABAQUS Standard This method provides increased resistance to hourglassing for nonlinear materials and better coarse mesh accuracy in displacement solutions for linear elastic materials than other hourglass control methods The enhanced hourglass control approach is compatible between ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit and is the recommended method for all import analyses In ABAQUS Explicit the enhanced hourglass method cannot be used for elements modeled with finite strain elastic materials that are included in an adaptive mesh domain Thus if you decide to use hyperelastic ELEMENTS or hyperfoam materials in an adaptive mesh domain you must choose a different hourglass control approach The use of adaptive meshing in domains modeled with finite strain elastic materials is not recommended since better results are generally predicted using the enhanced hourglass control method Therefore
62. K DATA FILES Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits You can now translate general matrix data nonstructural mass and bushing elements from NASTRAN to ABAQUS The new distribution option improves the performance of ABAQUS by reducing the number of shell sections in the ABAQUS input file Description Substructures and other special matrices created by NASTRAN can be used in ABAQUS The mass contribution from nonstructural features in the model is translated to the ABAQUS equivalent Bushing elements are translated to ABAQUS connector elements NASTRAN shell elements may have their orientations and offsets defined on the element connectivity By default all elements that reference a single PSHELL are translated to a single SHELL SECTION or SHELL GENERAL SECTION option in ABAQUS and the variation in their properties is defined using the ELEMENT PROPERTIES and DISTRIBUTION options Reference ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual Execution procedure for translating NASTRAN bulk data files to ABAQUS input files Section 3 2 17 3 4 ENHANCEMENTS TO THE TRANSLATOR FOR NASTRAN OUTPUT2 FILES Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits You can request shell output at corner nodes instead of at the centroid Description The quad4corner option allows you to request shell output at corner nodes instead of at the centroid This option is relevant for stress strain and section force output Reference ABAQUS Analysis
63. PROGRAM FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION AS A RESULT OF USING MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE OS PROGRAM OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT OS Program Version All rights are reserved For further information see to the copyright holder Fox 1 0 Copyright 1997 2004 http www fox toolkit com LGPL license and Jeroen van der Zijp icense addendum at this URL Gnu C Library 2 3 2 Copyright 1996 2004 Free http www gnu org software libe libe html LGPL Software Foundation Inc icense Gnu C Library 3 1 0 Copyright 1997 2004 Free http gcc gnu org libstde index html GPL license Software Foundation Inc and runtime exception Jakarta 2 07 Copyright 1999 2004 http jakarta apache org The Apache Software Foundation Java runtime environment JRE 1 4 Copyright 1994 2004 Sun http www java com Microsystems Inc jRegistryKey 1 0 Copyright 2001 BEQ http www bayequities com downloads jreg LGPL Technologies Inc license Mesa 3 4 2 Copyright 1999 2003 Brian http www mesa3d org Paul OS Program Version All rights are reserved to the copyright holder For further information see Metis
64. QUS CAE you can apply a deformed mesh and its associated material state to selected instances using data imported from a previous ABAQUS Standard or ABAQUS Explicit analysis Description You can import part instances from a previous analysis to specify the transfer of model data and results for models that are defined as assemblies of part instances You can use this capability to drive an ABAQUS Explicit analysis with the results of an ABAQUS Standard analysis and vice versa This is useful if your problem can be broken down into different stages for example you can use ABAQUS Explicit to analyze a metal forming problem and ABAQUS Standard to analyze the following springback You can also use this capability to change the model definition between steps In ABAQUS CAE you can apply an initial state field to selected instances in the Load module as shown in Figure 6 1 Edit Field EN Name Field 1 Type Initial State Step Initial Instances Picked M Import criteria Job name Step Last C Specify Frame Last C specify Update reference configuration OK Cancel Figure 6 1 Creating an initial state field using data imported from a specified step and frame of a previous analysis An initial state field applies a deformed mesh and its associated material state to the instances using data imported from a previous ABAQUS Standard or ABAQUS Explicit analysis ABAQUS CAE allows you to s
65. QUS Foundation This analysis option offers more efficient access to the linear static and dynamic analysis functionality in ABAQUS Standard INTRODUCTION TO ABAQUS VERSION 6 5 Analysis environment e ABAQUS CAE This product is a Complete ABAQUS Environment that provides a simple consistent interface for creating submitting monitoring and evaluating results from ABAQUS simulations ABAQUS CAE is divided into modules where each module defines a logical aspect of the modeling process for example defining the geometry defining material properties generating a mesh submitting analysis jobs and interpreting results Postprocessing ABAQUS Viewer This subset of ABAQUS CAE contains only the postprocessing capabilities of the Visualization module It uses the output database odb to obtain results from the analysis products The output database is a neutral binary file Therefore results from an ABAQUS analysis run on any platform can be viewed on any other platform supporting ABAQUS Viewer It provides deformed configuration contour vector and X Y plots as well as animation of results Interfaces ABAQUS Interface for MOLDFLOW This interface translates finite element model information from a MOLDFLOW analysis to an ABAQUS input file For Version 6 5 the ABAQUS Interface for MOLDFLOW supports filled and unfilled three dimensional MOLDFLOW simulations For more information see the ABAQUS Interface for MOLDFLOW User s Manual
66. SING AND RESUMING STEP DEPENDENT OBJECTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can suppress step dependent objects to exclude them temporarily from the model Description You can suppress output requests interactions loads boundary conditions and fields using the step dependent managers or using the suppress procedures from the main menu bar in the Step Interaction and Load modules A previously suppressed object can be resumed in the same manner Suppressed objects are not written to the input file and cannot be edited Figure 2 6 illustrates how suppressed objects are displayed in the step dependent managers Edit v Deform Created Propagated Inactive Move Left X Force Created Propagated Propagated Ge SS Move Right v Pressure Propagated Activate Deactivate Step procedure Static General Load type Pressure Load status Created in this step Create Copy Rename Delete Dismiss Figure 2 6 The Load Manager indicates that the load named Force is suppressed ABAQUS CAE Usage Step module Output Field Output Requests Suppress or Resume Output History Output Requests Suppress or Resume Interaction module Interaction Suppress or Resume Load module Load Suppress or Resume BC gt Suppress or Resume Field Suppress or Resume GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Suppressing and resuming step dependent objects Section 3 4 3
67. T EIGENMODES ABAQUS Example Problems Manual e Dynamic analysis of antenna structure utilizing residual modes Section 2 2 6 6 11 ENHANCEMENTS TO THE ITERATIVE EQUATION SOLVER Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits The iterative linear equation solver now supports parallel execution on distributed memory hardware The algorithm for handling deformable to deformable contact has been substantially reworked to improve performance and memory use as well as parallel scaling Additional improvements to robustness memory use and performance have been made Description The enhancements to the iterative solver can be divided into two categories First parallel calculations are now supported on distributed memory hardware For large models this can substantially reduce the execution time as well as take advantage of memory on distributed memory clusters Second robustness and performance improvements have been made with an emphasis on handling ANALYSIS PROCEDURES deformable to deformable contact in a more natural way within the domain decomposition algorithm For problems involving large surfaces in contact the new algorithm is expected to outperform the previous version with respect to run time memory use and parallel scaling In addition many of the internal algorithms in the iterative solver have been reworked to improve robustness overall memory use and performance for more general classes of problems References ABAQUS Analysis U
68. ace in the current or reference configuration Use the new FOLLOWER parameter to specify whether a general surface traction or edge load in a large displacement analysis should rotate with the surface or shell edge live load or remain fixed dead load Use the new ORIENTATION parameter to refer to an orientation used to specify the local coordinates in which components of general traction shear traction or general edge loads are specified DISTRIBUTION Define spatial distributions 17 3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES mod S E mod S E new S mod S E mod S mod S E DSLOAD Use the new CONSTANT RESULTANT parameter to specify whether surface tractions or edge loads should be integrated over the surface in the current or reference configuration Use the new FOLLOWER parameter to specify whether a general surface traction or edge load in a large displacement analysis should rotate with the surface or shell edge live load or remain fixed dead load Use the new ORIENTATION parameter to refer to an orientation used to specify the local coordinates in which components of general traction shear traction or general edge loads are specified ELASTIC Use TYPE TRACTION instead of TYPE COMPOSITE BEAM to define orthotropic shear behavior for warping elements Use TYPE TRACTION or TYPE COUPLED TRACTION to define the elastic traction separation response of cohesive elements ELEMENT PROPERTIES Modify element prop
69. act integrated and fastener interaction history output In addition new field output variables are available in ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit you can use the new variables filtering and other output options to reduce the size of the output database Description You can create and apply three types of Infinite Impulse Response low pass filters to ABAQUS Explicit history output requests Butterworth Type I Chebyshev and Type II Chebyshev Use real time filtering to avoid aliasing your history output aliasing can occur when data are saved with a sampling frequency the time interval between saves that 1s not at least double the highest frequency of interest in the analysis Without real time filtering you can ensure that there is no aliasing only if you save every analysis increment to the output database You can also filter history output to eliminate the noise the high frequency and thus undesirable content of your output You can specify the cutoff frequency when defining the filter any frequencies above the cutoff frequency will be eliminated from your output 15 16 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION With filtering applied you can safely reduce the sampling frequency for your output which in turn may reduce the size of the output database An antialiasing filter can be also invoked on saved history output without explicitly defining the filter the filter is built internally by ABAQUS New nodal output variables are available in b
70. al Aeronautics and Space Administration PAM CRASH is a registered trademark of Pam System International PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated Pro ENGINEER is a registered trademark of Parametric Technology Corporation or its subsidiaries in the U S and in other countries Silicon Graphics and OpenGL are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics Inc SolidDesigner is a registered trademark of Hewlett Packard Company SolidWorks is a registered trademark of SolidWorks Corporation SpaceBall is a registered trademark of Logitech International S A SUN MICROSYSTEMS is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc TEX is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society UNIX is a registered trademark licensed exclusively through X Open Company Windows and Visual C are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other company product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of their respective owners This release of ABAQUS CAE includes lp_solve a simplex based code for linear and integer programming problems by Michel Berkelaar of Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven the Netherlands OPEN SOURCE PROGRAMS This release of ABAQUS uses several open source or free programs OS Programs that are identified below Each such program is distributed with ABAQUS software in binary form and except as permitted by the applicable license without modification Each such program is avai
71. al elements Section 17 9 3 13 5 IMPROVED ADVANCING FRONT QUAD DOMINATED MESHES Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The quality of advancing front meshes is improved Description The algorithm that decides where to locate triangles in a quadrilateral dominated advancing front mesh has been improved The resulting mesh is of higher quality and often contains fewer elements than in previous versions of ABAQUS CAE ABAQUS CAE Usage Mesh module Mesh Controls Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e What is the difference between the medial axis algorithm and the advancing front algorithm Section 17 7 6 13 6 QUERYING THE MESH STACK DIRECTION Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can query the orientation of continuum shell and gasket elements 13 6 MESHING Description You can use the Query toolset to view the mesh stack orientation and to look for regions where the mesh stack orientation is inconsistent ABAQUS CAE Usage Mesh module Tools Query Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Obtaining general information about the model Section 45 2 2 13 7 ORIENTING THE MESH STACK DIRECTION FOR ORPHAN MESHES Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can change the orientation of continuum shell and gasket elements in an orphan mesh part Description You must orient continuum shell and gasket elements correctly For native ABAQUS CAE meshes the swept meshing technique ensures that the mesh stack orientation 1
72. ale entities to quickly sketch mating part surfaces or similar features with different sizes Mirror scale translate and rotate options appear in the prompt area after you select entities to move or copy or after you add a saved sketch When using the Sketcher tools you can now select a chain of edges Use this new selection method when you want to select a continuous unbranched set of edges all the edges of a polygon for example Sketcher preselection has been expanded When you are creating new lines using the connected lines tool s ABAQUS CAE indicates points that will make the current line segment horizontal vertical perpendicular to another edge or parallel to another edge The secondary cursor will also trace nearby edges allowing you to create exact intersections to any point on an existing edge Many Sketcher default settings are revised and customization options are expanded Sketcher preselection now takes priority over snapping to the grid If both Snap to grid and Preselect geometry are active the secondary cursor indicates preselection points in a sketch and does not snap to nearby grid points The displayed height of dimension text is now set as a font size so that dimensions are legible regardless of sketch magnification When you sketch new features the sheet and grid size are recalculated based on the size of the sketch plane that you select You can now turn off the display of dimensions using the Sketcher options a
73. ance Radial Pattern Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Creating patterns of part instances Section 13 5 4 4 CONTACT CONSTRAINT MOVED Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The Assembly module menus have been clarified Description To clarify the Assembly module menus the contact position constraint has been moved from Constraint Contact to Instance Translate To A Translate To operation is similar to a Translate operation in that it is not stored as a feature and cannot be edited ABAQUS CAE Usage Assembly module Instance Translate To Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Positioning a part instance using the Translate To tool Section 13 4 4 4 6 MODELING 4 5 TRANSLATING AND ROTATING PART INSTANCES WITH EXISTING CONSTRAINTS APPLIED Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The usability of the translate and rotate procedures in the Assembly module has been improved Description If you proceeded with a translation that invalidated a previous position constraint in previous versions of ABAQUS CAE ABAQUS CAE first converted all existing constraints to an absolute position Now ABAQUS CAE applies the translation components along only the unconstrained degrees of freedom If all the degrees of freedom are constrained ABAQUS CAE displays an error message and the translation fails ABAQUS CAE Usage Assembly module Instance Translate Instance Rotate Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Creating the assembl
74. area 1s 4 15 MODELING applicable only to conventional shell membrane and surface elements whereas the form of a mass per unit length is applicable only to beam and truss elements The remaining forms are applicable to all solid shell membrane beam and truss elements You can define a nonstructural mass over an element set that contains a mixture of various element types applicable to a given form of the specification When a total mass is specified you can distribute it over the elements in the element set in proportion to either their structural mass or their volume ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module or Interaction module Special Inertia Create Nonstructural mass References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Nonstructural mass definition Section 2 6 1 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Defining nonstructural mass Section 20 2 4 in the online version of this manual ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e NONSTRUCTURAL MASS 4 16 5 GEOMETRY IMPORT AND REPAIR This chapter discusses features related to importing parts into ABAQUS CAE and repairing problematic geometry It provides an overview of the following enhancements Import part from output database enhanced Section 5 1 e New geometry repair tools added Section 5 2 GEOMETRY IMPORT AND REPAIR 5 1 IMPORT PART FROM OUTPUT DATABASE ENHANCED Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits More functionality has been added to the pro
75. ate transport analysis procedure Description The specific class of problems motivating the enhancements to the steady state transport analysis procedure and the symmetric model generation technique involves thermo mechanical analysis of a disc brake system in the automotive industry Disc brakes operate by pressing a set of brake pads against a rotating disc The friction between the pads and the disc causes deceleration The severe temperature changes due to frictional contact as well as mechanical loading cause inelastic deformation and circumferential tensile stress in the disc which may eventually lead to the failure of the disc Hence the prediction of fatigue and failure of a disc brake system is fundamental in assessing product performance The traditional way of analyzing this type of problem is to use a Lagrangian approach in which the disc rotates relative to the brake assembly which is pressed against the disc with contact and friction Since many revolutions are typically required to reach the state of interest to the analyst this approach is prohibitively ANALYSIS PROCEDURES expensive and cumbersome With the use of the steady state transport analysis procedure the Eulerian method in which the finite element mesh of the disc does not rotate relative to the brake assembly but the material flows through the mesh provides a cost effective alternative approach The paths that the material points follow through the mesh are referred
76. ates the ABAQUS product or products to which the feature applies and includes cross references to more detailed information Chapter 17 Summary of changes summarizes in tabular format the changes to ABAQUS elements MPCs keyword options user subroutines and output variable identifiers 1 1 INTRODUCTION TO ABAQUS VERSION 6 5 KEY FEATURES OF VERSION 6 5 Version 6 5 is a major release of ABAQUS There are significant new features and enhancements in all ABAQUS products including the following The Model Tree is a convenient new tool for navigating and managing models The Model Tree appears in the ABAQUS CAE main window providing a visual description of the model object hierarchy The Model Tree also provides shortcuts to the main menu bar module toolboxes and the various managers The Model Tree Section 2 5 ABAQUS Explicit analyses using domain level parallelization require significantly less memory per domain as the number of domains increases in Version 6 5 compared to Version 6 4 The memory required for single domain analyses has also been reduced for Version 6 5 Memory reductions for ABAQUS Explicit analyses Section 2 10 ABAQUS Explicit offers a general capability for modeling progressive damage and failure in the Mises Johnson Cook Hill and Drucker Prager plasticity models Damage initiation criteria are available for ductile or shear fracture of metals and necking instability of sheet metal as well as damage
77. ations for connector elements Description The origin of a local rectangular coordinate system can now be defined in terms of arbitrary nodes or coordinates References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Orientations Section 2 2 5 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e ORIENTATION 8 6 COHESIVE ELEMENTS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits Cohesive elements can be used to model the behavior of adhesive joints interfaces in composites and other situations where the integrity and strength of interfaces may be of interest Description A family of cohesive elements has been added These elements can be used for detailed modeling of the deformation and damage of cohesive layers at an interface between bonded parts such as in the applications shown in Figure 8 1 and Figure 8 2 Typically the cohesive elements are connected to other elements in the model with surface based tie constraints so that the mesh used for the cohesive layer can be independent of the mesh used for the components being bonded ELEMENTS patches of adhesive Figure 8 1 Typical peel test using cohesive elements to model finite thickness adhesives stiffener bond line debonding Debonding along skin stringer interface Figure 8 2 Debonding along a skin stringer interface typical situation for traction separation based modeling ELEMENTS The constitutive behavior of the cohesive elements can be defined with an
78. avior from previous versions no element distortion control you can use the abaqus upgrade utility with the previousdefaults option References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Section controls Section 13 1 4 ELEMENTS ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e SECTION CONTROLS DISTORTION CONTROL YES 9 PRESCRIBED CONDITIONS This chapter discusses loads boundary conditions and fields It provides an overview of the following enhancements e Distributed surface tractions and edge loads Section 9 1 PRESCRIBED CONDITIONS 9 1 DISTRIBUTED SURFACE TRACTIONS AND EDGE LOADS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits General or shear surface tractions can be applied as element based or surface based distributed loads Distributed edge tractions general shear normal or transverse and edge moments can be applied to shell elements as element based or surface based distributed loads Description General surface tractions allow you to specify a traction t acting on a surface S in an arbitrary direction The resultant load f is computed by integrating t over S f tas S You can also specify a shear surface traction that acts tangent to a surface S General edge tractions allow you to specify a distributed edge load t acting on a shell edge L in an arbitrary direction The resultant load f is computed by integrating t over L f tar L You can also specify distributed edge tractions t
79. ay group Section 51 2 2 in the online version of this manual GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS Create Display Group xi Make a Selection Item Field Output Variable S Mises Type Min value k il 10 Al Part instances Max value 100 Nodes Surfaces Display groups Method Element sets Pick From viewport Element labels Section assignment Material assignment Element type All elements Internal sets M Perform a Boolean on the viewport contents and the selection EE Replace Remove Intersect Either Save As Save Selection As UL ban Dismiss Figure 2 8 The Create Display Group dialog box 2 12 PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS FOR ABAQUS Standard MODELS WITH MANY SECTION AND OR MATERIAL DEFINITIONS Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits The performance of ABAQUS Standard models with many section and or material definitions is greatly improved in many situations GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS Description Models with thousands of section and or material definitions may now run much faster than in previous versions of ABAQUS Standard and have much smaller output database odb files The results in Table 2 2 illustrate the performance gains for a model with 10000 linear brick elements 61206 DOF each with their own unique anisotropic material definition and thus their own section definition The analysis consists of one general static step with default output and was run on a
80. base as well as the model database You can use these new data objects as an additional means to sort and postprocess output data from an analysis The availability of section assignments in the output database makes it possible to color code elements by their sections or material types in the Visualization module of ABAQUS CAE References ABAQUS Scripting User s Manual e Reading model data Section 8 5 4 e Writing model data Section 8 6 2 e Reading model data Section 9 10 4 e Writing model data Section 9 11 2 ABAQUS Scripting Reference Manual e assignSection Section 30 14 7 e sectionAssignment Section 52 15 9 16 2 MASS AND INERTIA DATA IN THE OUTPUT DATABASE Product ABAQUS CAE Description The OdbStep object now includes mass and inertia data members to access the relevant information from the output database References ABAQUS Scripting Reference Manual e OdbStep object Section 30 20 e OdbStep object Section 52 21 16 3 TAB COMPLETION FROM THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Product ABAQUS CAE 16 3 ABAQUS SCRIPTING INTERFACE Description You can use tab completion from the ABAQUS CAE command line interface to speed up your typing and to explore the object model For example you can type mdb models Model 1 parts in the command line interface When you press the TAB key the command line cycles through the parts in the model You can also use tab completion when you are accessing
81. ce corner angles less than fio Create Set M Show markers when highlighting Highlight Cancel Figure 4 7 Copying entities into a selection group Paste Previous Step Cancel Procedure MODELING You can then paste the same selection group into your selection when you are using the Repair toolset to repair small faces as shown in Figure 4 8 MB Geometry Repair EY ut E Paste to selection x Groups All Iv Highlight in viewport Figure 4 8 Pasting entities from a selection group ABAQUS CAE Usage Click mouse button 3 in the viewport and Copy highlighted entities into a selection group or Paste a selection group into your selection Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e What is a selection group Section 6 1 2 4 12 MERGING GROUPS OF SETS OR SURFACES Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can merge a group of surfaces into a single surface For example you can merge all the top faces from a linear pattern of part instances into a single surface and apply a load to the new surface You can also merge sets 4 13 MODELING Description You can select a group of sets or surfaces from the Model Tree and merge them into a single set or surface You can use a combination of drag select Shift Click and Ctrl Click to select the desired sets or surfaces To merge sets or surfaces click mouse button 3 on the Model Tre
82. cedure to import an orphan mesh part from an output database Description If the output database contains multiple part instances you can select the part instances to import ABAQUS CAE imports each part instance as a separate orphan mesh part In addition you can import either the undeformed or the deformed shape If you import the deformed shape you can specify the step and frame from which to import as shown in Figure 5 1 Bil Create Part from Output Database EJ ODB rigMultiMechExample odb M Instances in ODB instance Type ASSEMBLY Deformable DISKLINKINSTANCE Deformable LARGEDISKINST ANCE Deformable RACEWAYINSTANCE Deformable r Part Attributes Part name Modeling space 3D M Deformed Configuration Iv Import deformed configuration Step Step 1 E Frame increment 1000 Step Time 0 1800 OK Cancel Figure 5 1 Importing an orphan mesh part ABAQUS CAE Usage Any module File Import Part Output database odb Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Importing a part from an output database Section 10 7 11 in the online version of this manual GEOMETRY IMPORT AND REPAIR 5 2 NEW GEOMETRY REPAIR TOOLS ADDED Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits Additional tools have been added to the Repair toolset to provide more functionality and greater flexibility when repairing imported parts Description The tools in the Repair toolset are now gro
83. choices Figure 2 2 shows two preselected planes this ambiguous preselection occurs if you toggle off the ABAQUS CAE default behavior to select the object nearest to the screen You can reposition the cursor to remove the ambiguity or click mouse button 1 to accept the ambiguous selection If you make an ambiguous selection you must use the Next Previous and OK buttons in the prompt area to cycle through the objects and make your final selection GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS Figure 2 1 Preselection highlighting E Figure 2 2 Ambiguous preselection Preselection in the Sketcher remains unchanged from previous versions of ABAQUS CAE ABAQUS CAE Usage Click the selection options tool 2 that appears in the prompt area and use the Allow Preselection During Picking tool Ca to toggle preselection highlighting on or off Preselection highlighting is toggled on by default GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Selecting and unselecting individual objects Section 6 2 1 e Highlighting objects prior to selection Section 6 3 4 in the online version of this manual e The Sketcher cursors and preselection Section 19 4 5 2 3 ENHANCED COLOR SELECTION Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now select colors from the full spectrum when customizing the background fonts and graphic symbols used in the viewports The expanded color options provide you with more ways to customize the color of items
84. ction 4 5 Regeneration of position constraints Section 4 6 Angle query Section 4 7 Sketcher tools and enhancements Section 4 8 Partitioning a cell with a sketch Section 4 9 ABAQUS CAE colors different sides of a shell surface Section 4 10 Using selection groups during selection procedures Section 4 11 Merging groups of sets or surfaces Section 4 12 Defining interior cross section surfaces Section 4 13 Defining matrices Section 4 14 Defining a nonstructural mass Section 4 15 MODELING 4 1 INTRODUCING DEPENDENT PART INSTANCES Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits Dependent part instances consume less memory and can speed up the meshing operation Description Previous versions of ABAQUS CAE always created independent part instances An independent part instance is a copy of the geometry of the original part and is independent of other part instances You must mesh each independent part instance individually In addition to meshing you can perform most other operations on an independent instance for example you can add partitions and create virtual topology The disadvantages of independent instances are that they consume more memory resources and the meshing operations can be time consuming For example if you create a 10 x 10 linear pattern of independent part instances you must individually mesh each of the 100 instances The Assembly module in ABAQUS CAE now allows you to
85. ction is a basic translational connection type that could be used to model shear and axial deformations appropriately in certain applications such as bushings and spot welds The PROJECTION FLEXION TORSION connection is a basic rotational connection type that could be used to model bending and twisting deformations appropriately in the same types of applications The new pre assembled connection type BUSHING is created using the PROJECTION CARTESIAN and PROJECTION FLEXION TORSION types together ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Connector Property Create Assembled types Assembled type Bushing Basic types Translational type Proj Cartesian Rotational type Proj Flex Tors References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Connector elements Section 17 1 2 e Connector element library Section 17 1 4 e Connection type library Section 17 1 5 e Connector behavior Section 17 2 1 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Connection types Section 15 7 1 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONNECTOR SECTION e CONNECTOR BEHAVIOR ELEMENTS ABAQUS Example Problems Manual Buckling of a column with spot welds Section 1 2 3 Crank mechanism Section 4 1 2 Flap mechanism Section 4 1 4 Tail skid mechanism Section 4 1 5 Driveshaft mechanism Section 4 1 7 ABAQUS Verification Manual 8 4 Individual connector option tests Section 1 9 4 NEW CONNECTOR BEHAVIORS Products AB
86. ctions and section assignments in the output database Mass and inertia data in the output database Tab completion from the command line interface Approach to verifying a model database has changed
87. d the end of the feature edge To create circumferential or radial paths you must first define a circle in the viewport After defining the circle you can select a different length for the radius specify the number of segments in the path and enter a start and an end angle for a circumferential path For a radial path you can select a radial angle specify the number of segments in the path and pick the distance at which the path will start and end along the radius You can create circumferential paths to obtain cross sectional results in a curved portion of a model You can use radial paths to obtain results spanning from the inner to the outer face of a curve radial paths are ideal for use in stress linearization for more information see Enhancements to stress linearization Section 15 4 Figure 15 5 shows a circumferential path definition and the path that it creates in the viewport Figure 15 6 shows a radial path definition and the path that it creates in the viewport ABAQUS CAE Usage Visualization module Tools Path Create Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Chapter 32 Viewing results along a path 15 6 INTEGRATED OUTPUT OVER A SURFACE Products ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE 15 9 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION W Edit Circular Path E Name Path 1 Type Circular M Path Type Circumferential path C Radial path M Circle Definition C Origin and axis 3 Points on arc 7 11441 2 6
88. de which is required in utility routine GETVRMAVGATNODE References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e UMESHMOTION Section 25 2 32 e Obtaining material point information averaged at a node Section 26 2 6 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e ADAPTIVE MESH CONSTRAINT ABAQUS Verification Manual e Adaptive mesh for solid elements in ABAQUS Standard Section 5 1 1 14 4 USER SUBROUTINES UTILITIES AND PLUG INS 14 4 UTILITY ROUTINE TO READ RESULTS DATA AVERAGED AT A NODE Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits This utility routine allows you to obtain material point solution results data at a node in user subroutine UMESHMOTION Description Utility routine GETVRMAVGATNODE can be used to obtain solution variable results in user subroutine UMESHMOTION With these results you can define solution dependent adaptive mesh constraints GETVRMAVGATNODE requires a list of adjacent elements which can be obtained with utility routine GETNODETOELEMCONN References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e UMESHMOTION Section 25 2 32 e Obtaining node to element connectivity Section 26 2 8 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e ADAPTIVE MESH CONSTRAINT ABAQUS Verification Manual e Adaptive mesh for solid elements in ABAQUS Standard Section 5 1 1 14 5 UTILITY ROUTINE TO READ NODAL RESULTS DATA Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits This utility routine allows you to obtain solution results data at a node in user sub
89. del In addition you can reposition view cuts on the model Figure 15 8 shows some examples of the types of view cuts you can define as well as how you can customize the view options for the parts of the model on above and below the cut Figure 15 8 View cuts based on planar cylindrical spherical and isosurface shapes with different view options defined for the different parts of the model 15 18 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION ABAQUS CAE Usage Visualization module Tools View Cut Create Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Chapter 35 Cutting through a model 15 13 SUBSTRUCTURE MATRIX OUTPUT Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits Substructure matrix output is now available from the output database odb file Description Substructure matrix output includes a substructure s recovery matrix reduced stiffness matrix mass matrix load case vectors and gravity load vectors You now have the option of saving this output to the output database in addition to the ABAQUS Standard results file or a text file of the form filename mtx References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual Defining substructures Section 7 2 2 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e SUBSTRUCTURE MATRIX OUTPUT 15 14 STEADY STATE DYNAMIC OUTPUT ENHANCEMENTS Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits Energy output is now available for solid structural and acoustic elements in direct solution steady state dynamic or subspace based steady state d
90. demark of SPATIAL CORP ABAQUS CAE incorporates portions of the ACIS software COPYRIGHT 1998 2004 SPATIAL TECHNOLOGY INC ADAMS Flex ADAMS View MSC ADAMS and MSC Patran are trademarks or registered trademarks of MSC Software Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and or other countries Autodesk Inventor and Autodesk are registered trademarks of Autodesk Inc CADKEY is a registered trademark of CADKEY Corporation CATIA is a registered trademark of Dassault Syst mes CADporter is a trademark of Elysium Co Ltd and Elysium Inc ABAQUS CAE incorporates portions of CADporter software Copyright 2000 2002 Elysium Inc Compaq is a registered trademark of Compaq Computer Corporation FEMAP I DEAS Parasolid Solid Edge and Unigraphics are registered trademarks of UGS PLM Solutions Inc FE SAFE is a trademark of Safe Technology Ltd FLEX m is a registered trademark of Macrovision Corporation FLUENT is a registered trademark of Fluent Inc Hewlett Packard HP GL HP GL 2 and HP UX are registered trademarks of Hewlett Packard Company IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation Intel is a registered trademark of the Intel Corporation MOLDFLOW MOLDFLOW PLASTICS INSIGHT and MPI are trademarks or registered trademarks of Moldflow Pty Ltd or Moldflow Corporation and its worldwide subsidiaries MpCCI is a trademark of Fraunhofer Institute SCAI NASTRAN is a registered trademark of the Nation
91. discussion As an example consider concentric rings with an interference fit modeled with C3D20 hexahedral elements and small sliding contact The analytical solution has a uniform contact pressure of 0 493 The surface to surface approach significantly reduces the noise in contact pressures compared to the node to surface approach Contour plots of contact pressures predicted with the node to surface approach show deviations of up to 27 from the analytical solution whereas these deviations remain within 3 of the analytical solution with the surface to surface approach ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Interaction Create Surface to surface contact Standard Sliding formulation Small sliding Constraint enforcement method Surface to surface References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Contact formulation for ABAQUS Standard contact pairs Section 21 2 2 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Defining surface to surface contact Section 15 12 1 in the online version of this manual ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONTACT PAIR SMALL SLIDING TYPE SURFACE TO SURFACE ABAQUS Benchmarks Manual e The Hertz contact problem Section 1 1 11 11 3 INTERACTIONS 1 57 node 147 V6 4 results V6 5 results Figure 11 1 Comparison of contact pressures at the contact interface between concentric rings modeled with C3D20 elements ABAQUS Verification Manual e Small sliding contact betwe
92. e and select Merge from the menu that appears Figure 4 9 illustrates a group of surfaces being merged into a single surface dj Assembly a 1G Instances 9 fff Position Constraints 0 amp Features 1 Zo Sets 0 ip Surfaces 9 Edit z Engineering Fe ch Steps 1 Se Field Output Reque History Output Rer sete Del N Figure 4 9 Merging sets from the Model Tree Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Understanding the role of the Set and Surface toolsets Section 48 1 4 13 DEFINING INTERIOR CROSS SECTION SURFACES Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits Interior cross section surfaces can be used to study the force flow through various paths in a model Description ABAQUS provides a simple method for creating a cross section like interior surface over element facets edges or ends by cutting through one or more components of a model with a plane The generated surface is an approximation to the cutting plane You can request integrated output of the total force transmitted across these surfaces see Integrated output over a surface Section 15 6 for details 4 14 MODELING References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual Defining element based surfaces Section 2 3 2 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e SURFACE TYPE CUTTING SURFACE 4 14 DEFINING MATRICES Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits User defined matrices can be input directly
93. e specified for ABAQUS Standard multi body contact problems where rigid body modes exist initially because contact is not present in the first solution increment You can apply viscous stabilization for both normal and tangential motions to selected contact pairs including a damping coefficient based on the stiffness of the underlying material Stabilization of multi body contact problems with rigid body modes Section 11 11 The ability to define and analyze cracks in ABAQUS CAE increases the coverage of ABAQUS fracture mechanics functionality INTRODUCTION TO ABAQUS VERSION 6 5 ABAQUS CAE includes support for fracture mechanics analysis using an embedded seam with duplicate overlapping nodes The crack definition can be used to perform fracture calculations using contour integrals Defining a crack in ABAQUS CAE Section 12 5 The position of the midside nodes of second order elements can be adjusted using the ABAQUS CAE Edit Mesh toolset to include a singularity at the crack tip for fracture mechanics analysis Using the Edit Mesh toolset to adjust the position of midside nodes Section 13 10 In addition to improving boundary and surface meshing capabilities ABAQUS CAE Version 6 5 includes a completely new tetrahedral meshing algorithm Chapter 13 Meshing Meshing apart in the Mesh module as opposed to meshing a part instance from the assembly allows the mesh to appear on each instance of the part
94. eam section editor Description ABAQUS Explicit offers a general capability for modeling progressive damage and failure of materials In the most general case modeling material damage and failure requires the specification of the following e the undamaged response of the material e a damage initiation criterion and e a damage evolution response including a choice of element removal 7 7 MATERIALS The damage initiation criterion defines the condition that must be satisfied at the material point prior to the onset of progressive damage ABAQUS offers a variety of choices of damage initiation criteria each associated with distinct types of material failure They can be classified in the following two categories Damage initiation criteria for the fracture of metals including the ductile and shear criteria e Damage initiation criteria for necking instability of sheet metal These include the forming limit diagram FLD and forming limit stress diagram FLSD criteria intended to assess the formability of sheet metals and the Marciniak Kuczynski M K criterion to predict necking instability in sheet metals numerically taking into account the deformation history In addition ABAQUS offers several criteria suitable for modeling damage initiation in cohesive elements with traction separation response The damage evolution response describes the rate of degradation of the material stiffness once the corresponding initiation criter
95. eates a path with the same name as your stress line and includes the endpoints and each interval point in the path e The Computations tab includes all the components that ABAQUS CAE uses to create the report and to plot the stresses at each interval as shown in Figure 15 4 Select Components for Creating XY Data to determine what data ABAQUS CAE plots in the viewport your selection does not affect the data that ABAQUS CAE writes in the report Conversely your selection of components for computing the invariants affects the report data but does not change the plotted output The data in the Radius of Curvature of Center Surface portion of the dialog box affect the computation of both displayed and printed stress line output The in plane radius defines the curvature of the midplane where the stress line intersects it the out of plane radius defines the curvature axis of symmetry to the same midplane stress line intersection 15 7 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION imi Stress Linearization 3 x Basic Computations Components for Creating XY Data Membrane M 511 M 522 M 533 T 512 Bending WM s11 W 522 W 533 s12 Note Stress components will be transformed from the global system to a local system before performing linearization The X axis of this system will lie along the Stress Line M Bending Components for Computing Invariants Components v 511 M s22 W 533 512 M Radius of Curvature of Center Surface In plane rho I
96. ed eigenvalues can be specified by providing the minimum and or maximum frequency of interest CONNECTOR CONTACT FORCE This option has been replaced by the more general CONNECTOR DERIVED COMPONENT option CONNECTOR DAMAGE EVOLUTION Specify connector damage evolution for connector elements CONNECTOR DAMAGE INITIATION Specify connector damage initiation criteria for connector elements CONNECTOR DAMPING The COUPLED parameter has been removed Linear coupled damping behavior in connectors is invoked by simply omitting the COMPONENT parameter Use the new INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS parameter to specify position and motion dependent damping CONNECTOR DERIVED COMPONENT Specify user defined components in connector elements CONNECTOR ELASTICITY The COUPLED parameter has been removed Linear coupled elastic behavior in connectors is invoked by simply omitting the COMPONENT parameter The MOTION DEPENDENCIES parameter has been replaced by the more general INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS parameter to allow for specification of position and motion dependent elasticity CONNECTOR FRICTION The INTERACTION parameter has been removed To refer to a friction definition include the FRICTION option in the connector friction definition Include the new CONTACT FORCE parameter to refer to a contact force defined by the CONNECTOR DERIVED COMPONENT option CONNECTOR HARDENING Define the plasticity initial yield value and hardening behavior in co
97. eep and relaxation response of viscoelastic materials provided that the material definition also includes elastic or hyperelastic material data In addition the material editor for viscoelastic materials has been updated Like the hyperelastic material editor the test data options combined shear and volumetric have been moved to a Test Data menu The TRS coefficients remain in the Suboptions menu ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module Material Evaluate Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Evaluating hyperelastic and viscoelastic material behavior Section 12 4 6 7 2 CREATING A MATERIAL WHEN YOU CREATE A SECTION Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits In the Property module you can now create a material when you are creating a section Description In the homogeneous solid generalized plane strain homogeneous shell membrane truss and gasket section editors you can either select an existing material or click Create to define a new material ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module Section Create choose category and type Create Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Creating sections Section 12 4 3 7 3 MATERIALS 7 3 SECTION ASSIGNMENT ENHANCEMENTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can view edit and delete section assignments Description The Section Assignment Manager allows you to view create edit and delete section assignments The manager lists section assignments in the order of creation and dis
98. elect the name of the previous analysis from which the initial state field is imported along with the particular step and frame of the analysis ANALYSIS PROCEDURES ABAQUS imposes many restrictions when you try to create an initial state field For a detailed discussion of these limitations see the sections listed below For example the mesh of the part instances that you select from the current model must match the mesh of the part instances that you are importing ABAQUS CAE Usage Load module Held Create Initial State References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Importing and transferring results Section 7 7 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Transferring results between ABAQUS analyses Section 16 6 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e MPORT e INSTANCE 6 2 ENHANCEMENTS TO THE STEADY STATE TRANSPORT PROCEDURE AND SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION TECHNIQUE Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits Enhancements to the steady state transport analysis procedure allow convective effects for rate independent and rate dependent materials such as those used in a disc brake analysis to be modeled This method is cost effective for obtaining a steady state solution or a state of interest to the analyst In addition a three dimensional model with a periodic geometry as well as a three dimensional model with an axisymmetric geometry can now be generated using the symmetric model generation technique and subsequently used in a steady st
99. en stress displacement elements Section 1 6 1 e Small sliding contact between coupled temperature displacement surfaces Section 1 6 2 e Small sliding contact between coupled pore pressure displacement elements Section 1 6 3 e Automatic element conversion for surface contact Section 1 6 14 e Contact with initial overclosure of curved surfaces Section 1 6 15 e Small sliding contact with specified clearance or overclosure values Section 1 6 16 e Contact surface extensions Section 1 6 19 e Adjusting contact surface normals at symmetry planes Section 1 6 20 e Design sensitivity analysis Section 3 11 1 11 2 IMPROVED CONTACT STRESSES FOR SECOND ORDER ELEMENTS Product ABAQUS Standard 11 4 INTERACTIONS Benefits Contact stresses for most types of second order elements have been improved if a softened pressure overclosure relationship is specified or if an augmented Lagrangian contact enforcement method is used Description Noise in contact stresses and element stresses near a contact interface has been reduced in many cases involving second order elements with the traditional node to surface approach see also Surface to surface small sliding contact accounting for thickness Section 11 1 regarding improvements in contact stress accuracy with a surface to surface approach for small sliding contact These improvements apply to both small and finite sliding contact under the following circumstances
100. endent Raster or bitmap images are pixelated and resolution dependent and tend to decrease in quality when they are scaled For vector images you can also choose how curved surfaces will be shaded In addition a new vector image format is available for printing Scalable Vector Graphics SVG is an industry standard language for describing two dimensional graphics in PDF 15 20 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION ABAQUS CAE Usage Any module File Print Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Chapter 8 Printing viewports 15 16 RESULTS AVERAGING AND CONTOUR PLOT LIMITS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits New controls allow you to specify how ABAQUS CAE recalculates results data saved at element centroids or integration points when display methods require nodal data The available settings allow you to enhance the visibility of different aspects of the analysis results Contour plot limits are also affected by changes in the result averaging Description Certain display methods for field output such as line and banded type contour plots require that results data originally saved at the element centroids or integration points be recalculated at the nodes Element values are extrapolated to the nodes and then contributions from multiple elements must be assessed at the nodes Figure 15 9 shows the result options that you can use to control the calculations Use the averaging controls to view different approximations of the nodal result
101. ependent objects 2 7 Support for 3Dconnexion motion controllers 2 8 Exporting to VRML 2 9 Memory reductions for ABAQUS Explicit analyses 2 10 Display group enhancements 2 11 Performance improvements for ABAQUS Standard models with many section and or material definitions 2 12 Performance improvements for ABAQUS import models 2 13 Viewport annotations and tools 2 14 3 Execution Parallel execution 3 1 Parallel execution of the element operations in ABAQUS Standard 3 2 Enhancements to the translator for NASTRAN bulk data files 3 3 Enhancements to the translator for NASTRAN Output2 files 3 4 Translating PAM CRASH input files to partial ABAQUS input files 3 5 Enhancements to the input file and output database upgrade utility 3 6 Direct submission of input files for analysis in ABAQUS CAE 3 7 4 Modeling Introducing dependent part instances 4 1 Filleting and chamfering shell edges 4 2 Creating patterns of instances 4 3 Contact constraint moved 4 4 Translating and rotating part instances with existing constraints applied 4 5 Regeneration of position constraints 4 6 Angle query 4 7 CONTENTS Sketcher tools and enhancements 4 8 Partitioning a cell with a sketch 4 9 ABAQUS CAE colors different sides of a shell surface 4 10 Using selection groups during selection procedures 4 11 Merging groups of sets or surfaces 4 12 Defining interior cross section surfaces 4 13 Defining matrices 4 14 Defining a nonstructural mass 4 15 5 Geometry import and re
102. er Viewport Create Annotation Viewport Edit Annotations Viewport Viewport Annotation Options References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Manipulating viewports and viewport annotations Section 4 2 2 17 GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS Chapter 38 Customizing viewport annotations 3 EXECUTION This chapter discusses commands and utilities for running any of the ABAQUS products It provides an overview of the following enhancements Parallel execution Section 3 1 Parallel execution of the element operations in ABAQUS Standard Section 3 2 Enhancements to the translator for NASTRAN bulk data files Section 3 3 Enhancements to the translator for NASTRAN Output files Section 3 4 Translating PAM CRASH input files to partial ABAQUS input files Section 3 5 Enhancements to the input file and output database upgrade utility Section 3 6 Direct submission of input files for analysis in ABAQUS CAE Section 3 7 EXECUTION 3 1 PARALLEL EXECUTION Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits The MPI based parallel execution mode allows ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit to be executed in parallel on both shared and distributed memory architecture platforms Description ABAQUS now provides an MPI based parallel execution mode in addition to the previously existing thread based parallel execution mode The MPI based parallel mode is the default in Version 6 5 This para
103. erties on an element by element basis FASTENER Connector elements can now be used to model complex behavior in fasteners Use the new ELSET parameter to refer to the element set containing the user defined connector elements that will model the fastener Use the new ELSET parameter along with the existing REFERENCE NODE SET parameter to enable ABAQUS to generate connector elements that will model the fastener FREQUENCY Include the new RESIDUAL MODES parameter to activate the calculation of residual modes based on loading patterns defined in an immediately preceding static perturbation step The number of requested eigenvalues is not a required data item for the Lanczos eigensolver Instead you can specify the maximum frequency of interest INITIAL CONDITIONS Include the new INTERPOLATE parameter with the FILE parameter and TYPE TEMPERATURE to interpolate the temperature field from a heat transfer analysis with a dissimilar mesh The new ABSOLUTE EXTERIOR TOLERANCE and EXTERIOR TOLERANCE parameters can be used with the INTERPOLATE parameter to define tolerances for the interpolation 17 4 new E new E new S new S mod S new S E mod S mod S mod S SUMMARY OF CHANGES Include the SECTION POINTS parameter with TYPE HARDENING to specify hardening variables at individual section points through the thickness of a shell element This option can be used only when shell properties are defined usin
104. ests Section 14 11 e Chapter 43 The Filter toolset ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e FILTER e OUTPUT e ELEMENT OUTPUT 15 12 VIEWING THE INTERIOR OF A MODEL Product ABAQUS CAE 15 17 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION Benefits View cuts allow you to cut through a model so that you can visualize the interior or selected sections of the model Cuts can be manipulated easily and quickly in the viewport enabling high performance display of all aspects of complex models Description View cuts are essentially sections defined through a model You can define planar cylindrical or spherical view cuts In addition you can define a view cut along a constant contour variable value 1 e an isosurface Predefined view cuts along the X Y and Z planes are created by default Once you have defined a view cut you can activate it in the current viewport and view the model above on or below the cut You can customize the view options for each part of the model individually for example you can display the model above the cut in the wireframe render style and the model below the cut in the shaded render style or you can display the edges of the model that lie on the cut in a different color and style than the rest of the model View cuts can be activated on undeformed deformed contour symbol or material orientation plots as well as animations On a deformed shape plot you can choose whether or not the cut should deform with the mo
105. fications refer to the preceding chapters The following identifiers are used new The item is new in Version 6 5 mod The item existed in Version 6 4 but has been modified or enhanced in Version 6 5 rem The item existed in Version 6 4 but has been removed in Version 6 5 S The item is new modified or removed in ABAQUS Standard E The item is new modified or removed in ABAQUS Explicit S E The item is new modified or removed in both ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit 17 4 CHANGES IN ABAQUS ELEMENTS This section summarizes the changes and the additions that have been made to the elements that can be used in an ABAQUS model new S E COH2D4 Two dimensional 4 node cohesive element new S E COH3D6 Three dimensional 6 node cohesive element new S E COH3D8 Three dimensional 8 node cohesive element new S E COHAX4 Axisymmetric 4 node cohesive element 17 2 CHANGES IN ABAQUS OPTIONS This section summarizes the changes and the additions that have been made to the options that define an ABAQUS model mod S ADAPTIVE MESH CONSTRAINT Include the new USER parameter to enable use of user subroutine UMESHMOTION to describe adaptive mesh constraints SUMMARY OF CHANGES new S E mod S rem S E new E new E mod S E new S E mod S E mod S E new S E new S E COHESIVE SECTION Specify element properties for cohesive elements COMPLEX FREQUENCY The request
106. ficulties in the following cases e Stiff thin interfaces tend to reduce the stable time increment in ABAQUS Explicit You can mitigate this effect through mass scaling or decreasing the cohesive stiffness while preserving the fracture toughness e Softening material response and sudden reduction in interface strength can lead to convergence difficulties in ABAQUS Standard Viscous regularization is provided to help overcome these difficulties The automatic stabilization scheme in ABAQUS Standard can also help with convergence issues Cohesive elements also have some limited capabilities for modeling gaskets Compared to the family of gasket elements in ABAQUS Standard the cohesive elements e are formulated to account for geometric nonlinearities e can have mass and e are available in both ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit Only conventional material models that are available in ABAQUS can be used for modeling gaskets with cohesive elements Modeling of gasket behavior based on a pressure closure relationship as supported with the family of gasket elements in ABAQUS Standard is currently not available ABAQUS CAE Usage Mesh module Mesh Element Type ELEMENTS References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Cohesive elements overview Section 18 5 1 e Choosing a cohesive element Section 18 5 2 e Modeling with cohesive elements Section 18 5 3 Defining the cohesive element s initial geometry Sect
107. g Version 5 8 and earlier abaqus env files to Version 6 1 and later abaqus v6 env files that use Python syntax has been removed If you want to convert Version 5 8 and earlier abaqus env files use an earlier version of ABAQUS to access the convertenv utility or convert the file manually Documentation e For Version 6 5 the ABAQUS online documentation is provided in PDF format in addition to HTML format The PDF collection contains all of the books in the ABAQUS HTML online collection except Getting Started with ABAQUS Standard Keywords Version Getting Started with ABAQUS Explicit Keywords Version and Using ABAQUS Online Documentation For more information see Appendix D Using ABAQUS PDF documentation of the ABAQUS Installation and Licensing Guide The tutorial sections from the beginning of the ABAQUS CAE User s Manual have been moved to the end of Getting Started with ABAQUS Getting Started with ABAQUS introduces you to all aspects of the ABAQUS products whether you are completely new to ABAQUS or you are already familiar with the ABAQUS solver products but would like to learn how to create analyze or postprocess your model INTRODUCTION TO ABAQUS VERSION 6 5 in ABAQUS CAE See Getting started with ABAQUS Section 1 2 of Getting Started with ABAQUS for more information When searching the online books the expansion of the table of contents is retained The current location in the text frame is now highlighted in
108. g the SHELL SECTION option It is not permitted when properties are defined using the SHELL GENERAL SECTION option INTEGRATED OUTPUT Specify variables integrated over a surface to be written to the output database INTEGRATED OUTPUT SECTION Define an integrated output section over a surface with a local coordinate system and a reference point MATRIX ASSEMBLE Define stiffness matrices for a part of the model MATRIX INPUT Read in a matrix for a part of the model MODAL DAMPING Include the new DEFINITION parameter to indicate how the damped eigenmodes are chosen Set DEFINITION MODE NUMBERS the default to assign a damping coefficient to the eigenmode number Set DEFINITION FREQUENCY RANGE to assign a damping coefficient to frequency ranges NONSTRUCTURAL MASS Specify mass contribution to the model from nonstructural features SELECT EIGENMODES Include the new DEFINITION parameter to indicate how the eigenmodes are chosen Set DEFINITION MODE NUMBERS the default to select the eigenmodes by eigenmode numbers Set DEFINITION FREQUENCY RANGE to select the eigenmodes by frequency ranges STEADY STATE TRANSPORT Use the new ELSET parameter to specify an element set for which the rigid body motion will be described in a spatial or Eulerian manner Include the new PASS BY PASS parameter to indicate that a quasi steady state pass by pass procedure will be used to obtain the steady state solution SHELL SECTION Inc
109. gorized by subject Chapter 2 General enhancements general changes to the ABAQUS interface Chapter 3 Execution commands and utilities for running any of the ABAQUS products Chapter 4 Modeling features related to creating your model such as node and element definition in ABAQUS Standard or ABAQUS Explicit and part and assembly definition in ABAQUS CAE Chapter 5 Geometry import and repair features related to importing parts into ABAQUS CAE and repairing problematic geometry Chapter 6 Analysis procedures features related to defining an analysis Chapter 7 Materials new material models or changes to existing material models Chapter 8 Elements elements available in ABAQUS Chapter 9 Prescribed conditions loads boundary conditions and fields Chapter 10 Constraints kinematic constraints Chapter 11 Interactions features related to contact and interaction modeling Chapter 12 Engineering features engineering features related to part and assembly modeling Chapter 13 Meshing features related to meshing your model Chapter 14 User subroutines utilities and plug ins additional user programs that can be run with ABAQUS Chapter 15 Output and visualization obtaining postprocessing and visualizing results from ABAQUS analyses Chapter 16 ABAQUS Scripting Interface using the ABAQUS Scripting Interface to write user scripts Each entry in these chapters clearly indic
110. h 17 5 Height 5 9814 Image aspect ratio is always preserved Cancel Margins Top 0 5 d Left 0 5 Bottom 0 524 Right 0 OK Cancel Figure 2 4 The Print and Page Setup dialog boxes kb bk d The Properties button opens the Document Properties dialog box that contains printer specific settings you may already be familiar with this dialog box since it is used by many Windows programs If you are using a UNIX or Linux workstation or if your Windows workstation does not have a printer you must enter a print command and set the PostScript options to print your image to a PostScript printer ABAQUS CAE Usage Any module File Print References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Choosing the destination of your image Section 8 2 4 e Customizing the image sent to a Windows printer Section 8 2 5 GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS 2 5 THE MODEL TREE Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The Model Tree provides a visual description of the hierarchy of objects in a model and it is a convenient tool for navigating and managing your models In addition the Model Tree provides shortcuts to much of the functionality of the main menu bar the module toolboxes and the various managers Description The Model Tree appears on the left side of the ABAQUS CAE main window For example Figure 2 5 shows the appearance of the Model Tree after completing the cantilever beam analysis in Appendix B
111. hat act in directions tangent normal or transverse to a shell edge and distributed edge moments that always act about a shell edge General surface tractions and general edge tractions can be specified to be follower or non follower loads Shear surface tractions and all other edge tractions are modeled as follower loads ABAQUS CAE Usage Load module Load Create Mechanical Surface traction Load Create Mechanical Shell edge load References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Distributed loads Section 19 4 3 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Defining a shell edge load Section 16 9 4 in the online version of this manual e Defining a surface traction load Section 16 9 5 in the online version of this manual ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e DLOAD e DSLOAD PRESCRIBED CONDITIONS ABAQUS Benchmarks Manual Tip in plane shear load on a cantilevered hook Section 2 3 6 Shell bending under a tip load Section 2 3 12 Variable thickness shells and membranes Section 2 3 13 3DNLG 4 Lateral torsional buckling of an elastic cantilever subjected to a transverse end load Section 4 10 4 3DNLG 6 Buckling of a flat plate when subjected to in plane shear Section 4 10 6 3DNLG 10 Elastic plastic behavior of a stiffened cylindrical panel under compressive end load Section 4 10 10 ABAQUS Verification Manual Distributed traction and edge loads Section 1 4 17 10 CONSTRAINTS T
112. he Model Tree Section 3 5 2 6 SAVING YOUR DISPLAY OPTIONS AND GUI SETTINGS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits Settings that affect the appearance of ABAQUS CAE such as the size of the main window and the render style can be saved and applied to subsequent sessions Description You can save your modified part and assembly display options settings such as render style and datum visibility and ABAQUS CAE will apply the settings to subsequent sessions You can also save your display options settings from the Visualization module such as render style and fill style in different plot modes You can save the settings in a file in your home directory and apply them to all ABAQUS CAE sessions Alternatively you can save the settings in a file in a local directory and apply them to any ABAQUS CAE sessions that you start in that directory In addition if you modify your ABAQUS CAE GUI settings for example the size of the main window or the size and location of a particular dialog box ABAQUS CAE stores the new settings and applies them to future sessions ABAQUS CAE stores the GUI settings in a file in your home directory and applies them to all subsequent sessions ABAQUS CAE Usage Any module File Save Options References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Saving your display options settings Section 50 12 e Saving your ABAQUS CAE GUI settings Section 3 6 Using the File menu Section 9 6 2 9 GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS 2 7 SUPPRES
113. her for creating and editing models Description There are several new tools and enhanced functions available Choose from the following new tools to create or modify entities in a sketch Use the ellipse Ce tool to create an ellipse by selecting the center and two points to define the size of the major and minor axes cm e Use the arc through three points 2 tool to sketch an arc by defining its endpoints and a third point along the arc s path Use the auto trim to trim edges at the intersection points closest to the cursor Use the trim extend ES tool to trim or extend an existing edge at an intersection point or projected intersection with a second edge that you select If the second edge is also sketch geometry ABAQUS CAE breaks the second edge at the intersection point e Use the break 7 tool to split existing edges at an intersection point Use the merge tool to close small gaps in sketch shapes 4 8 MODELING e Use the offset N tool to offset edges by a specified perpendicular distance expanding or reducing them in the sketch e Use the project edges cal tool to project existing model edges onto the sketch plane as new edges e Use the project references d tool to project existing model edges and vertices onto the sketch plane as reference geometry this function was previously available only by selecting Add References from the main menu bar In addition to these new tools you can now mirror and sc
114. hickness and modeling information such as material orientation You can use element property assignments to redefine on an element by element basis the thicknesses offsets section stiffness matrices and material orientations for single layer shell elements from the values assigned by shell section definitions It is also possible to use element property assignments to redefine the material orientations for non composite continuum elements from the values assigned by solid section definitions In some applications the element properties may vary significantly It is not uncommon for aerospace and marine applications to have thousands of different thicknesses offsets and material orientations for the shell elements in a model In such cases creating separate section definitions and element sets to accommodate the different element properties may be inconvenient An alternative approach that can be used in certain situations is to use the section definitions to define default element properties and to redefine as needed specific element properties for selected elements using element property assignments The following example illustrates a simple use case of redefining the offset of a shell element with an element property assignment Consider the four element shell model shown in Figure 8 3 8 9 e bd 3 4 4 6 5 1 2 e P 1 2 3 Figure 8 3 Four element shell model Suppose that all four shell elements have a
115. his chapter discusses kinematic constraints It provides an overview of the following enhancements e Surface to surface tie constraint formulation Section 10 1 e Performance improvements for deformable elements declared as rigid Section 10 2 e Embedding beam and shell elements into solid elements Section 10 3 e New fastener interface using connector elements Section 10 4 CONSTRAINTS 10 1 SURFACE TO SURFACE TIE CONSTRAINT FORMULATION Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits The true surface to surface formulation for mesh tie constraints optimizes the stress accuracy for surface pairings with mismatched meshes Description A true surface to surface approach has been added for the generation of mesh tie constraints In contrast to the existing node to surface approach this new approach does not lead to stress oscillations at the interface in the case of mismatched meshes This is particularly significant for meshes with second order elements and most strongly for meshes with second order tetrahedral elements You can select the new surface to surface approach or the existing node to surface approach for any tie constraint The surface to surface approach is the default in ABAQUS Standard whereas the node to surface approach is the default in ABAQUS Explicit In some cases the surface to surface approach can result in significantly increased computational costs if local stress accuracy is not a
116. ies Description Whole surface contact force resultant output variables previously available only for contact pairs are now available for general contact history output Variables for total contact force CFN CFS CFT total moment due to contact force CMN CMS CMT center of contact pressure XN XS XT and total area in contact CAREA are available References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Defining general contact interactions Section 21 3 1 e ABAQUS Explicit output variable identifiers Section 4 2 2 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONTACT e CONTACT OUTPUT 15 8 ACCESSING A REMOTE OUTPUT DATABASE Products ABAQUS CAE ABAQUS Viewer Benefits You can submit an analysis to a remote system and view the resulting output database from a local system Description You can create a network ODB connector on a remote system that allows you to do the following 15 12 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION Open a remote output database in read only mode and view the contents of the output database using the Visualization module The behavior of the Visualization module does not change when the output database is remote for example you can view the output database while the analysis is running on a remote machine and more than one user can view the output database Import a part from a remote output database Import a model from a remote output database e Upgrade a remote output database You can create a ne
117. in solid Solid in solid Surface in solid Truss in solid References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Embedded elements Section 20 4 1 Defining reinforcement Section 2 2 3 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e EMBEDDED ELEMENT e REBAR LAYER ABAQUS Verification Manual e EMBEDDED ELEMENT Section 5 1 8 10 4 NEW FASTENER INTERFACE USING CONNECTOR ELEMENTS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits Mesh independent fasteners can now be modeled using connector elements Using connector elements as the basis for a point to point connection allows for very complex behavior to be modeled with fasteners Like other uses of connector elements the connection can be fully rigid or can allow for unconstrained relative motion in local connector components specified using a connector behavior definition that can include the effects of elasticity damping plasticity damage and friction 10 6 In addition deformable behavior can be CONSTRAINTS Description There are two methods to define fasteners that use connector elements to model the behavior between attachment points For both methods the fastener interaction refers to an element set containing the connector elements You must specify a connector section definition that refers to this element set The most controlled approach to specifying fasteners using connector elements is to define the connector elements explicitly and associate them with a
118. in the Step module ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module and Interaction module Special Springs Dashpots Create Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Modeling springs and dashpots Section 20 4 12 7 13 MESHING This chapter discusses features related to meshing your model It provides an overview of the following enhancements e Meshing parts Section 13 1 e Merging meshed parts Section 13 2 e Support for curvature based part seeding Section 13 3 e New tetrahedral meshing algorithm Section 13 4 Improved advancing front quad dominated meshes Section 13 5 e Querying the mesh stack direction Section 13 6 e Orienting the mesh stack direction for orphan meshes Section 13 7 e Converting orphan meshes to gasket elements Section 13 8 e Editing the mesh and preserving the user s intent Section 13 9 e Using the Edit Mesh toolset to adjust the position of midside nodes Section 13 10 e Using the Edit Mesh toolset to create an offset mesh Section 13 11 MESHING 13 1 MESHING PARTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits A part that is instanced many times in the assembly needs to be meshed only once The mesh appears on each instance of the part Description You can now mesh a part in the Mesh module as opposed to meshing a part instance from the assembly The Object field in the context bar in the Mesh module allows you to do the following e Display
119. ing at points on a part or on an assembly in an ABAQUS Standard analysis Description In an ABAQUS Standard analysis you can define mass and inertia proportional damping and composite damping These features were previously defined using section assignments in the Property module now you define them using the Special menu in the Property module or the Interaction module Damping features created on a part are instanced along with the part ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module or Interaction module Special Inertia Create Point mass inertia Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Modeling inertia Section 20 2 12 4 DEFINING HEAT CAPACITANCE IN ABAQUS CAE Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now define heat capacitance at points on a part or on an assembly and display symbols in the viewport that represent the heat capacitance Description You can define concentrated heat capacitance at a point on a part or on an assembly This feature was previously defined using section assignments in the Property module now you define heat capacitance using the Special menu in the Property module or the Interaction module Heat capacitance features created on a part are instanced along with the part ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module or Interaction module Special Inertia Create Heat capacitance Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Modeling inertia Section 20 2 12 4 ENGINEERING FEATURES 12 5 DEFINING A CRACK IN AB
120. initiation in cohesive elements with traction separation response Progressive damage and failure Section 7 5 A family of cohesive elements is supported in ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit and ABAQUS CAE for modeling deformation and damage 1n finite thickness adhesive layers between bonded parts Cohesive elements are typically connected to underlying elements with surface based tie constraints so the mesh used for the cohesive layer can be independent of the mesh used for the bonded components Cohesive elements Section 8 6 Numerous enhancements have been implemented to improve contact performance and robustness in ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit Chapter 11 Interactions The accuracy of ABAQUS Standard contact stress results improved with the addition of a true surface to surface formulation for small sliding contact to mitigate contact stress oscillations at interfaces even for mismatched meshes The new formulation also accounts for surface thicknesses and offsets Surface to surface small sliding contact accounting for thickness Section 11 1 Noise in contact and element stresses near the contact interface is reduced for most second order element types in ABAQUS Standard by specifying a softened pressure overclosure relationship or using an augmented Lagrangian contact enforcement method Improved contact stresses for second order elements Section 11 2 Improved stabilization methods can b
121. ion 18 5 4 e Defining the constitutive response of cohesive elements using a continuum approach Section 18 5 5 Defining the constitutive response of cohesive elements using a traction separation description Section 18 5 6 e Two dimensional cohesive element library Section 18 5 7 e Three dimensional cohesive element library Section 18 5 8 e Axisymmetric cohesive element library Section 18 5 9 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Modeling adhesive joints and bonded interfaces Section 21 1 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e COHESIVE SECTION e DAMAGE INITIATION e DAMAGE EVOLUTION e ELASTIC e ELEMENT e SECTION CONTROLS e TRANSVERSE SHEAR STIFFNESS ABAQUS Example Problems Manual e Analysis of skin stiffener debonding under tension Section 1 4 5 ABAQUS Benchmarks Manual e Delamination analysis of laminated composites Section 2 7 1 ABAQUS Verification Manual e Cohesive elements Section 1 3 45 e Cohesive element load verification Section 1 4 5 ELEMENTS 8 7 ASSIGNING ELEMENT PROPERTIES ON AN ELEMENT BY ELEMENT BASIS Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits The use of element property assignments can simplify the modeling process when there is a significant amount of element property variation in a model Description Finite element analyses require the modeling of spatially varying element properties Element properties include geometric information such as shell t
122. ion has been reached Figure 7 5 shows a typical stress strain response of an elastic plastic material undergoing damage ABAQUS supports different models of damage evolution and provides controls associated with element deletion due to material failure All of the available models of damage evolution use a formulation intended to alleviate the strong mesh dependency of the results that can arise from strain localization effects during progressive damage The progressive damage models are suitable for both quasi static and dynamic problems F3 Figure 7 5 Stress strain curve with progressive damage degradation References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Progressive damage and failure overview Section 11 6 1 Damage initiation Section 11 6 2 e Damage evolution and element removal Section 11 6 3 7 8 MATERIALS ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual DAMAGE INITIATION e DAMAGE EVOLUTION ABAQUS Example Problems Manual e Eroding projectile impacting eroding plate Section 2 1 4 ABAQUS Verification Manual e Progressive damage and failure Section 2 2 20 7 6 ENERGY DISSIPATION IN ELASTOMERIC FOAMS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits Modeling of permanent energy dissipation and stress softening effects in elastomeric foams is allowed Description ABAQUS provides a mechanism to include permanent energy dissipation and stress softening effects in elastomeric foams The fu
123. ion has been removed The editors have been reorganized so that the integration options are now located on the Basic tabbed page in addition the temperature variation options are now located on the Advanced tabbed page In the homogeneous and composite shell section editors for both general shell sections and shell sections integrated during analysis the section Poisson s ratio options are now located on the Advanced tabbed page Figure 7 3 shows an example of the new shell section editors Inthe beam section editor for a general beam section 1 e integrated before analysis the Options buttons for Output Pts Damping and Offset have been removed The editor has been reorganized so that the damping and offset options are now located on the Advanced tabbed page and the output points options are now located on the Output Points tabbed page The Linear properties button has been removed you now enter the beam section properties in a data table on the Basic tabbed page Figure 7 4 shows the new general beam section editor When you select the profile shape for a beam section you can either select an existing profile or click Create to define a new profile In addition transverse shear stiffness properties for shell and beam sections can now be specified on the Advanced tabbed page of each section editor or on the main page of the editor for beam sections integrated during analysis ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module Section Create Shell Homoge
124. ith the terms of such license This manual and the software described in this manual are subject to change without prior notice No part of this manual may be reproduced or distributed in any form without prior written permission of ABAQUS Inc OABAQUS Inc 2004 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America U S GOVERNMENT USERS The ABAQUS Software and its documentation are commercial items specifically commercial computer software and commercial computer software documentation and consistent with FAR 12 212 and DFARS 227 7202 as applicable are provided under license to the U S Government with restricted rights TRADEMARK AND LICENSE NOTICES The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of ABAQUS Inc or its subsidiaries in the United States and or other countries ABAQUS ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE ABAQUS Viewer ABAQUS Aqua ABAQUS Design ABAQUS Foundation and the ABAQUS Logo The ABAQUS Software and its documentation includes processes under U S Patents 5 920 491 and 6 044 210 ABAQUS Inc may also have other patents or pending patent applications trademarks copyrights or other intellectual property rights covering ABAQUS Software and or its documentation No license of such patents trademarks copyrights or other intellectual property rights is provided or implied except as may be expressly provided in a written license agreement from ABAQUS Inc ACIS is a registered tra
125. lable online for free downloading and if required by the applicable OS Program license the source code will be made available by ABAQUS upon request Each OS Program is available for use under a license that may be found at the URL indicated below While users should consult the specific license applicable to each OS Program generally these licenses provide permission to any person obtaining a copy of the OS Program to deal in the OS Program without restriction including without limitation the rights to use copy modify merge publish distribute sublicense and or sell copies of the OS Program and to permit persons to whom the OS Program is furnished to do so Some of the OS Program licenses at the URLs indicated below impose additional restrictions on use or modification and require that source code be made available Each license is subject to the following conditions The copyright notice associated with each OS Program as indicated below and the above permission notice or other applicable restrictions as indicated below shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of such OS Program EACH OS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EXPRESS OR IMPLIED BY ANY CONTRIBUTOR TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUCH OS PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT NO CONTRIBUTOR TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANY OS PROGRAM SHALL BE LIABLE TO ANY USER OF ANY OS
126. latforms The analysis products ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit as well as ABAQUS Aqua and ABAQUS Design are supported on the remaining platforms listed above For current details on supported ABAQUS products and platforms see Support amp Services Technical Support Systems Information on the ABAQUS Home Page For more information on system requirements see Appendix A System requirements of the ABAQUS Installation and Licensing Guide INTRODUCTION TO ABAQUS VERSION 6 5 On Windows platforms ABAQUS CAE supports native printing which automatically lists available printers and selects the current default printer Standard Windows print settings and dialog controls are used to choose page formatting and printer specific options Enhanced printing on Windows platforms Section 2 4 e 3Dconnexion motion controllers are supported in conjunction with the mouse to manipulate the model view with one hand on the motion controller while using the mouse to select from the model with the other hand ABAQUS CAE provides a set of Application Functions available through the standard 3Dconnexion user interface providing shortcuts to view manipulation and display tools Support for 3Dconnexion motion controllers Section 2 8 e ABAQUS Version 6 5 uses FLEX m Version 9 2 from Macrovision Corporation upgraded from FLEX m Version 8 2 for ABAQUS Version 6 4 for license management For more information see Installing ABAQUS licensing Sec
127. llations crossplatform option multiple identical installations replay option and specification of a Java Runtime Environment jre option You can now configure ABAQUS for parallel execution during the product installation procedure The HTML documentation installation procedure now offers the option to install the HTML documentation without a web server however no search functionality is available with this option Reference ABAQUS Installation and Licensing Guide Chapter 2 Installing ABAQUS 2 2 PRESELECTION HIGHLIGHTING Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits Preselection highlighting allows you to see exactly which object will be selected from the viewport before you make a selection It eliminates any uncertainty when you select an object from the current viewport in ABAQUS CAE Description Preselection highlighting is available during procedures that require you to select an object from the viewport The highlighting is activated when you stop moving the cursor If the object near the cursor is a valid selection for the current procedure ABAQUS CAE highlights the object in orange Hidden objects such as some edges and faces in a shaded model view are also highlighted if they are the selections nearest to the cursor Figure 2 1 shows preselection highlighting of the model edge closest to the cursor If more than one selection is possible ABAQUS CAE displays ellipsis marks to the right of the cursor and highlights all the
128. llel execution mode enables ABAQUS to be run on both shared and distributed memory architecture platforms while the thread based mode is available only for shared memory architecture platforms Use the command line parameter mp mode mpi to access the MPI based parallel execution mode and mp mode threads to access the thread based parallel execution mode The value of the mp mode parameter can also be set in the ABAQUS environment file ABAQUS CAE Usage Job module Job editor Parallelization Multiprocessing mode MPI or Threads Reference ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual Parallel processing modes in ABAQUS Section 7 19 1 3 2 PARALLEL EXECUTION OF THE ELEMENT OPERATIONS IN ABAQUS Standard Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits Parallel execution of the element operations in ABAQUS Standard reduces the run time for large analyses Description The standard_parallel parameter has been added to the ABAQUS execution procedure Along with the command line parameter mp_mode mpi setting standard parallel a11 allows for MPI based parallel execution of the element operations in ABAQUS Standard The required MPI components must be installed to use the MPI based parallel capability Parallel execution of the element operations is supported only for static stress analyses Reference ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Parallel execution in ABAQUS Standard Section 7 19 2 EXECUTION 3 3 ENHANCEMENTS TO THE TRANSLATOR FOR NASTRAN BUL
129. ls and based on solution variables Description User subroutine UMESHMOTION can be used to define adaptive mesh constraint displacements or velocities according to general solution dependent criteria The user subroutine has particular value in describing surface wear or ablation Utility routines GETVRN GETNODETOELEMCONN and GETVRMAVGATNODE can be used to access solution results at the node where the constraint is applied 14 3 USER SUBROUTINES UTILITIES AND PLUG INS References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Adaptive meshing overview Section 7 17 1 e Defining adaptive mesh domains in ABAQUS Standard Section 7 17 6 e Adaptive meshing and remapping in ABAQUS Standard Section 7 17 7 e UMESHMOTION Section 25 2 32 e Obtaining material point information averaged at a node Section 26 2 6 e Obtaining node point information Section 26 2 7 e Obtaining node to element connectivity Section 26 2 8 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e ADAPTIVE MESH ADAPTIVE MESH CONSTRAINT ABAQUS Verification Manual e Adaptive mesh for solid elements in ABAQUS Standard Section 5 1 1 14 3 UTILITY ROUTINE TO DETERMINE ELEMENTS ADJACENT TO A NODE Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits This utility routine allows you to obtain a list of elements adjacent to a node in user subroutine UMESHMOTION Description Utility routine GETNODETOELEMCONN can be used to obtain the list of elements adjacent to a no
130. lude the new POISSON ELASTIC parameter to define a thickness change in shell elements based on the elastic material properties 17 5 SUMMARY OF CHANGES mod S mod S mod S E mod E mod S mod S E SHELL GENERAL SECTION Include the new POISSON ELASTIC parameter to define a thickness change in shell elements based on the elastic material properties SUBSTRUCTURE MATRIX OUTPUT Include the new OUTPUT FILE parameter to specify the type of file to which output will be saved SURFACE Include the new TYPE CUTTING SURFACE parameter to generate an approximate interior cross section surface automatically by cutting an element set region with a flat plane The generated surface is suitable for applications such as pre tensioning and output of the force and moment transmitted across a surface SURFACE PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT Include the new TYPE OFFSET FRACTION parameter to control how shell offsets are treated for double sided surfaces in the general contact algorithm SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION Include the new PERIODIC parameter to indicate that a periodic three dimensional model must be generated by revolving a single three dimensional repetitive sector of the model about the symmetry axis If surface meshes on either side of the original sector are not matched completely constraints between the neighboring pairs of corresponding surfaces will be established automatically when the periodic three dimensional model is ge
131. ment at the free surface of the adaptive mesh domain effectively eroding or adding material at the boundary Using adaptive mesh constraints this way is an effective technique for modeling wear or ablation processes For general boundary shapes the most effective interface for ablation is user subroutine UMESHMOTION where you can apply spatial mesh constraints to the nodes on the free surface in general ways according to solution dependent variables if needed The user subroutine interface provides a local coordinate system that is normal to the free surface at the surface node enabling you to describe mesh motions in this local system UMESHMOTION is not supported in ABAQUS CAE Table 6 1 lists the elements that are now supported for use with adaptive meshing Table 6 1 Elements supported for adaptive meshing AC1D2 AC1D3 AC2D3 AC2D4 AC2D6 AC2D8 AC3D4 AC3D6 AC3D8 AC3D10 AC3D15 AC3D20 ACAX3 ACAX4 ACAX6 ACAX8 CPS4 CPS4T CPE4 CPE4H CPE4T CPE4HT CPE4P CPE4PH CAX4 CAX4H CAXAT CAX4HT CAX4P CAX4PH C3D8 C3D8R C3D8H C3D8RH C3D8T C3D8HT C3D8RT C3D8RHT C3D8P C3D8PH C3D8RP C3D8RPH ANALYSIS PROCEDURES ABAQUS CAE Usage Step module Other Adaptive Mesh Domain Other Adaptive Mesh Controls References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Defining adaptive mesh domains in ABAQUS Standard Section 7 17 6 e Adaptive meshing and remapping in ABAQUS Standard Section 7 1
132. model the cyclic loading of metals are now supported in ABAQUS Explicit In combination with the initial conditions capability in ABAQUS the new functionality provides a powerful tool to include in an ABAQUS Explicit dynamic analysis the effects of a previous forming analysis through the specification of initial values of equivalent plastic strains and back stresses References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Models for metals subjected to cyclic loading Section 11 2 2 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e PLASTIC HARDENING KINEMATIC or COMBINED e CYCLIC HARDENING e INITIAL CONDITIONS TYPE HARDENING 7 10 MATERIALS ABAQUS Verification Manual e Rate independent plasticity in ABAQUS Standard Section 2 2 9 7 8 EVALUATION OF STRAIN RATE DEPENDENT DATA IN ABAQUS Explicit Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits Data evaluation facilitates the filtering of high frequency oscillations associated with strain rate dependent material behavior Description Rate sensitive material constitutive behavior may introduce unphysical high frequency oscillations in an explicit dynamic analysis To overcome this problem ABAQUS Explicit computes the equivalent plastic strain rate used for the evaluation of strain rate dependent data in terms of a factor w that facilitates filtering the high frequency oscillations You can specify the value of the strain rate factor w directly References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e
133. mping in ABAQUS CAE Defining heat capacitance in ABAQUS CAE Defining a crack in ABAQUS CAE Defining springs and dashpots in ABAQUS CAE Meshing parts Merging meshed parts Support for curvature based part seeding New tetrahedral meshing algorithm Improved advancing front quad dominated meshes Querying the mesh stack direction Orienting the mesh stack direction for orphan meshes Converting orphan meshes to gasket elements Section 13 9 Section 13 10 Section 13 11 Section 14 6 Section 14 7 Section 15 1 Section 15 2 Section 15 3 Section 15 4 Section 15 5 Section 15 6 Section 15 8 Section 15 9 Section 15 10 Section 15 11 Section 15 12 Section 15 15 Section 15 16 Section 16 1 Section 16 2 Section 16 3 Section 16 4 PRODUCT INDEX Editing the mesh and preserving the user s intent Using the Edit Mesh toolset to adjust the position of midside nodes Using the Edit Mesh toolset to create an offset mesh Support for ABAQUS CAE plug ins Plug in to display mode contribution factors View manipulation and camera options Enhanced color coding Size control for displayed symbols Enhancements to stress linearization Creating paths using element edges or circular features Integrated output over a surface Accessing a remote output database Job diagnostics enhancements Connector output Filtering and improved output Viewing the interior of a model Vector image output Results averaging and contour plot limits Materials se
134. n 17 1 5 e Connector behavior Section 17 2 1 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Defining friction Section 15 14 3 in the online version of this manual Defining plasticity Section 15 14 6 in the online version of this manual Defining damage Section 15 14 7 in the online version of this manual ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONNECTOR BEHAVIOR e CONNECTOR DAMAGE INITIATION e CONNECTOR DAMAGE EVOLUTION e CONNECTOR DERIVED COMPONENT e CONNECTOR FRICTION e CONNECTOR HARDENING e CONNECTOR PLASTICITY e CONNECTOR POTENTIAL ABAQUS Example Problems Manual e Buckling of a column with spot welds Section 1 2 3 e Substructure analysis of a pick up truck model Section 3 2 2 e Crank mechanism Section 4 1 2 ELEMENTS e Snubber arm mechanism Section 4 1 3 e Flap mechanism Section 4 1 4 e Tail skid mechanism Section 4 1 5 e Driveshaft mechanism Section 4 1 7 e Trailing edge flap mechanism Section 4 1 9 e Substructure analysis of a one piston engine model Section 4 1 10 ABAQUS Verification Manual Individual connector option tests Section 1 9 4 e Connector elements in perturbation analyses Section 1 9 5 8 5 ENHANCED ORIENTATION DEFINITION METHODS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits This enhancement provides general convenience in defining local rectangular coordinate systems it is particularly useful for defining orient
135. n criterion SHRCRT Shear damage initiation criterion FLDCRT Forming limit diagram FLD damage initiation criterion FLSDCRT Forming limit stress diagram FLSD damage initiation criterion MKCRT Marciniak Kuczynski M K damage initiation criterion DMICRT All active components of the damage initiation criteria VOLC Change in area or change in volume of an element set solely due to adaptive meshing Whole element variables new S E CALPHAF Connector kinematic hardening shift force moment 17 7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES new S E rem S E new E new E new E new E new S E rem S E new S E rem S E new S E rem S E new S E new S E new S E CASUC Connector accumulated frictional slip CASUSL Renamed to CASUC CDMG Connector overall damage variable CDIF Connector force based damage initiation criterion CDIM Connector motion based damage initiation criterion CDIP Connector plastic motion based damage initiation criterion CIVC Connector instantaneous slip velocity when coupled friction is defined CIVSL Renamed to CIVC CNFC Connector friction producing contact force when coupled friction is defined CNFSL Renamed to CNFC CSFC Connector friction force when coupled friction is defined CSFSL Renamed to CSFC CUE Connector relative elastic motions CUP Connector relative plastic motions CUPEQ Connector eq
136. n dissimilar meshes Description For sequentially coupled thermal stress analysis where the meshes in the heat transfer and stress displacement analyses are the same the temperatures for the stress analysis can be read as initial conditions or field variables from the results or output database file for the heat transfer analysis Ifthe mesh for the heat transfer analysis 1s different from the mesh for the subsequent stress displacement analysis and the temperatures are read from the output database file for the heat transfer analysis ABAQUS can interpolate the temperature values from the nodes in the heat transfer model to the current nodal temperatures ABAQUS CAE Usage Load module Field Create Other Temperature Distribution From results or output database file Mesh compatibility Incompatible References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Sequentially coupled thermal stress analysis Section 6 5 3 e Initial conditions Section 19 2 1 e Predefined fields Section 19 6 1 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Defining a temperature field Section 16 11 2 in the online version of this manual ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e INITIAL CONDITIONS TYPE TEMPERATURE FILE file name INTERPOLATE e TEMPERATURE FILE file name INTERPOLATE 6 9 ANALYSIS PROCEDURES ABAQUS Verification Manual e TEMPERATURE FIELD and PRESSURE STRESS Section 5 1 24 e Shell submodeling Section 3 6 8 6 7 ENHANCEMENTS TO TH
137. n element set The fastener interaction refers to the element set In the second approach you do not need to define the connector elements explicitly The fastener interaction refers to an empty element set In addition you assign a reference node set containing a list of user defined nodes to the fastener interaction The nodes in this reference node set are used as reference points to locate the connector elements modeling the fasteners The connector elements are given internally generated element numbers and assigned to the named element set that you specified References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Mesh independent fasteners Section 20 3 4 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e FASTENER ABAQUS Verification Manual e Mesh independent spot welds Section 5 1 14 10 7 11 INTERACTIONS This chapter discusses features related to contact and interaction modeling It provides an overview of the following enhancements e Surface to surface small sliding contact accounting for thickness Section 11 1 e Improved contact stresses for second order elements Section 11 2 e Accounting for shell offsets in the general contact algorithm Section 11 3 e Specifying feature edge criteria and pure master slave assignments for general contact interactions Section 11 4 e Customizing contact controls Section 11 5 e Specifying initial clearances and controlling initial overclosure adjustments for general c
138. n important consideration use of the node to surface approach may be preferred For example this may be the case for shell meshes with a large number of tied constraints If the slave surface mesh is much coarser than the master surface mesh the computational cost can be reduced significantly by reversing the slave and master surfaces in the contact pair definition This will usually improve the accuracy of the solution as well As an example consider an analysis of a penny shaped edge crack in a larger structure The large structure is free meshed with C3D10 tetrahedral elements whereas the structured mesh around the crack uses C3D20 hexahedral elements 4 aN AN P SS Figure 10 1 Structured crack mesh tied to surrounding free mesh 10 3 CONSTRAINTS With the node to surface method the Mises stress at the tied interface is very noisy showing large oscillations in stresses On the other hand with the surface to surface method the stresses vary smoothly and have the same accuracy as the stresses away from the tie constraint node to surface surface to surface Figure 10 2 Comparison of Mises stress at the tied interface ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Constraint Create Tie Constraint enforcement method Analysis default Node to surface or Surface to surface References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Mesh tie constraints Section 20 3 1 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Defining tie c
139. n the master and slave regions overlap overlapping regions will be excluded from the contact domain IV Highlight selected regions Cancel Figure 11 6 Specifying pure master slave weighting in a general contact interaction You now specify contact controls for interactions instead of analysis steps To customize the contact controls you first modify the variable settings using the contact controls editor in the Interaction module Then you create a surface to surface contact or self contact interaction and specify the contact controls to use for the interaction in the interaction editor Figure 11 7 shows the contact controls editor for an ABAQUS Standard analysis ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Interaction Contact Controls References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Specifying contact controls in an ABAQUS Standard analysis Section 15 12 3 in the online version of this manual e Specifying contact controls in an ABAQUS Explicit analysis Section 15 12 4 in the online version of this manual 11 10 INTERACTIONS E Edit Contact Controls x Name ContCtrl 1 Type Standard contact controls Warning These controls are for advanced users Using nondefault values of these controls may greatly increase the computational time of the analysis produce inaccurate results or cause convergence problems General Stabilization Augmented Lagrange Friction onset immediate
140. nces in the Assembly module The Assembly module now allows you to view the mesh of ABAQUS CAE native part instances that you have already meshed In addition the Assembly module now allows you to merge the meshes of ABAQUS CAE native part instances The 13 3 MESHING procedure is the same as merging orphan mesh part instances with previous versions of ABAQUS CAE you can specify the node merging tolerance and you can choose whether to merge along only the intersecting boundaries Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Merging meshed part instances Section 13 6 2 13 3 SUPPORT FOR CURVATURE BASED PART SEEDING Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits Seeding can allow for the curvature of an edge Taking the curvature into account simplifies the task of seeding models that have holes of various sizes and other regions of high curvature such as blends Description The part seeding tool allows you to specify a target element size when you are seeding a part or a part instance If the geometry of the part is relatively regular specifying a single target element size can result in an acceptable mesh However if you specify a single target element size and the geometric features that make up the part vary in size the resulting mesh may be too coarse to adequately represent any small features as shown in Figure 13 1 Figure 13 1 Seeding and the resulting mesh with no curvature control 13 4 M
141. nctionality is intended primarily for modeling energy absorption in foam components subjected to dynamic loading under deformation rates that are high compared to the characteristic relaxation time of the foam in such cases it is acceptable to assume that the foam material is permanently damaged The approach is based on the model of Mullins effect in elastomeric rubbers with the difference that in the case of elastomeric foams damage occurs due to both deviatoric and volumetric deformation Therefore the model predicts energy absorption under pure hydrostatic loading of the foam The amount of energy loss due to damage in the material can be output References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Mullins effect in elastomers Section 10 6 1 e Energy dissipation in elastomeric foams Section 10 6 2 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e HYPERFOAM e MULLINS EFFECT ABAQUS Verification Manual e Mullins effect Section 2 2 3 MATERIALS stress stretch Figure 7 6 Typical stress stretch response of an elastomeric foam material with energy dissipation 7 7 KINEMATIC HARDENING PLASTICITY IN ABAQUS Explicit Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits The kinematic hardening models are used to simulate the inelastic behavior of materials that are subjected to cyclic loading Description The linear kinematic hardening and the nonlinear combined isotropic kinematic hardening models already available in ABAQUS Standard to
142. ncy extraction analysis of the structural acoustic system followed by a steady state dynamic analysis using the coupled modal basis for example subspace based steady state dynamic analysis A new visualization script automates many commonly used sorting and graphical procedures based on modal contribution factor methodologies Using the visualization script the results from ABAQUS analyses can be manipulated to depict the relative contributions of specific modes to the sound levels at any given point Problematic modes for noise exhibit modal contribution factors and high phase coherence with the sound pressure References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Acoustic shock and coupled acoustic structural analysis Section 6 9 1 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e FREQUENCY e STEADY STATE DYNAMICS DIRECT or SUBSPACE PROJECTION e ELEMENT OUTPUT e ENERGY OUTPUT e ENERGY PRINT 15 15 VECTOR IMAGE OUTPUT Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits Vector PS EPS and SVG images of your models and results scale well for use in reports and presentations Description When you print any viewport image to a PostScript printer or file or an Encapsulated PostScript file you can choose whether to output the image in vector or raster format in previous versions of ABAQUS CAE wireframe images were always output in vector format and hidden filled or shaded images were always output in raster format Vector images are scalable and resolution indep
143. nd new construction lines and rectangles are rotated to match the rotation of the grid ABAQUS CAE Usage Sketcher module Add Ellipse Offset Edges References Add Arc 3 Points Add Line Connected Lines Edit Auto Trim Trim Extend Break Merge References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e The Sketcher cursors and preselection Section 19 4 5 Using the chain method to select edges in the Sketcher Section 19 4 6 e Modifying copying and offsetting objects Section 19 7 e Offsetting objects Section 19 7 6 e Sketching ellipses Section 19 9 8 in the online version of this manual 4 9 MODELING Projecting edges onto a sketch Section 19 13 in the online version of this manual e Modifying objects Section 19 14 in the online version of this manual 4 9 PARTITIONING A CELL WITH A SKETCH Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The Partition toolset has been enhanced to allow you to partition a cell with a sketch Description You can partition a cell with a sketch You can select an existing face on which to sketch or you can create a datum plane that cuts through the cell and sketch the partition on the datum plane You can use a sketched partition embedded in a part an edge embedded in a face or a face embedded in a cell to create a seam Figure 4 5 shows how a sketched partition embedded in a cell can be used to define a seam N PONDUS w S SES sketched D R
144. neous or Composite Section Create Beam Beam 7 5 MATERIALS x Name Section 1 Type Shell Continuum Shell Homogeneous Section integration During analysis Before analysis Basic Advanced Shell thickness Material sl Create Thickness integration rule Simpson C Gauss Thickness integration points 5 Figure 7 3 The homogeneous shell section editor References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Creating homogeneous shell sections Section 12 8 3 in the online version of this manual e Creating composite shell sections Section 12 8 4 in the online version of this manual e Creating beam sections Section 12 8 7 in the online version of this manual 7 5 PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE AND FAILURE Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits This capability provides a general framework for modeling progressive damage and failure for the Mises Johnson Cook Hill and Drucker Prager plasticity materials 7 6 MATERIALS lll Edit Beam Section X Mame Section 1 Type Beam Section integration Before analysis During analysis Profile name sl Create Profile shape Advanced Output Points Use thermal expansion data Use temperature dependent data E Number of field variables 05 Young s Shear Modulus modulus Section Poisson s ratio o Section material density Reference temperature Cancel Figure 7 4 The general b
145. nerated TEMPERATURE Include the new INTERPOLATE parameter with the FILE parameter to interpolate the temperature field from a heat transfer analysis with a dissimilar mesh The new ABSOLUTE EXTERIOR TOLERANCE and EXTERIOR TOLERANCE parameters can be used with the INTERPOLATE parameter to define tolerances for the interpolation 17 3 CHANGES IN ABAQUS USER SUBROUTINES This section summarizes the changes and the additions that have been made to user subroutines that can be used in an ABAQUS model new S new S UMESHMOTION User subroutine to specify solution dependent adaptive mesh constraints UTRACLOAD User subroutine to specify nonuniform distributed traction loads 17 6 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 17 4 CHANGES IN ABAQUS OUTPUT VARIABLE IDENTIFIERS This section summarizes the changes and the additions that have been made to output variable identifiers used in ABAQUS Element integration point variables new S E new S E new S E new S E new E new E new E new E new E new S E Nodal variables new S MAXSCRT Maximum nominal stress damage initiation criterion for cohesive elements MAXECRT Maximum nominal strain damage initiation criterion for cohesive elements QUADSCRT Quadratic nominal stress damage initiation criterion for cohesive elements QUADECRT Quadratic nominal strain damage initiation criterion for cohesive elements DUCTCRT Ductile damage initiatio
146. nfinite Specify Out of plane Rc Compute Specify Note Curvature correction will always be applied For axisymmetric models Use local E575 Figure 15 4 Stress linearization components ABAQUS CAE Usage Visualization module Tools Query Stress linearization References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Chapter 33 Calculating linearized stresses Linearizing an X Y data object Section 30 4 14 15 8 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION ABAQUS Theory Manual e Stress linearization Section 2 17 1 15 5 CREATING PATHS USING ELEMENT EDGES OR CIRCULAR FEATURES Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now create paths that follow element edges the circumference of a circle or the radius of a circle In addition to the new methods the endpoints of paths are now clearly labeled both when first created and when plotted in a viewport Description You create edge list paths by selecting edges from the viewport you can also use standard keyboard and mouse editing techniques to edit the edge labels in the path definition table Edge labels are of the form element number face number edge number direction In addition you can select a single element edge and ABAQUS CAE can calculate the shortest element edge path to a node that you select as the endpoint If you select an element edge that lies along a feature edge ABAQUS CAE can automatically select the remaining edges between your selection an
147. ng in ABAQUS CAE Defining heat capacitance in ABAQUS CAE CONTENTS 8 3 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 9 1 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 11 1 11 2 11 3 11 4 11 5 11 6 11 7 11 8 11 9 11 10 11 11 11 12 12 1 12 2 12 3 12 4 CONTENTS 13 14 15 Defining a crack in ABAQUS CAE Defining springs and dashpots in ABAQUS CAE Meshing Meshing parts Merging meshed parts Support for curvature based part seeding New tetrahedral meshing algorithm Improved advancing front quad dominated meshes Querying the mesh stack direction Orienting the mesh stack direction for orphan meshes Converting orphan meshes to gasket elements Editing the mesh and preserving the user s intent Using the Edit Mesh toolset to adjust the position of midside nodes Using the Edit Mesh toolset to create an offset mesh User subroutines utilities and plug ins User subroutine to define the magnitude and loading directions of nonuniform distributed surface tractions edge loads and edge moments User subroutine to specify mesh motion constraints during adaptive meshing Utility routine to determine elements adjacent to a node Utility routine to read results data averaged at a node Utility routine to read nodal results data Support for ABAQUS CAE plug ins Plug in to display mode contribution factors Output and visualization View manipulation and camera options Enhanced color coding Size control for displayed symbols Enhancements t
148. ng step dependent objects Section 2 8 Support for 3Dconnexion motion controllers Section 2 9 Exporting to VRML Section 2 11 Section 2 14 Section 3 1 Section 3 6 Section 3 7 Section 4 1 Section 4 2 Section 4 3 Section 4 4 Section 4 5 Section 4 6 Section 4 7 Section 4 8 Section 4 9 Section 4 10 Section 4 11 Section 4 12 Display group enhancements Viewport annotations and tools Parallel execution Enhancements to the input file and output database upgrade utility Direct submission of input files for analysis in ABAQUS CAE Introducing dependent part instances Filleting and chamfering shell edges Creating patterns of instances Contact constraint moved Translating and rotating part instances with existing constraints applied Regeneration of position constraints Angle query Sketcher tools and enhancements Partitioning a cell with a sketch ABAQUS CAE colors different sides of a shell surface Using selection groups during selection procedures Merging groups of sets or surfaces PRODUCT INDEX Section 4 15 Section 5 1 Section 5 2 Section 6 1 Section 6 4 Section 6 5 Section 6 6 Section 6 7 Section 6 8 Section 6 10 Section 7 1 Section 7 2 Section 7 3 Section 7 4 Section 8 1 Section 8 3 Section 8 4 Section 8 6 Section 9 1 Section 10 1 Section 10 3 Section 11 1 Section 11 3 Section 11 4 Section 11 5 Section 11 8 Section 11 11 Section 12 1 Section 12 2 Section 12 3 Section 12 4 Section 12 5 Section 12
149. nnector elements CONNECTOR PLASTICITY Define plasticity behavior in connector elements 17 2 new S E new E new E mod E new S E mod S E new S E new S E mod S E new S E SUMMARY OF CHANGES CONNECTOR POTENTIAL Specify user defined potentials in connector elements CONTACT CLEARANCE Define contact clearance properties CONTACT CLEARANCE ASSIGNMENT Assign contact clearances between surfaces in the general contact domain CONTACT OUTPUT Whole surface contact force resultant variables for example CFT CMT etc are now available for general contact history output Include the new SURFACE parameter to specify a surface in the general contact domain for which this output will be calculated CO SIMULATION Define coupling regions and quantities to be communicated to and from another analysis process CYCLIC HARDENING Use the new RATE parameter to include strain rate effects in the isotropic component of the nonlinear isotropic kinematic hardening model Set this parameter equal to the value of the equivalent plastic strain rate for which this stress strain curve applies DAMAGE EVOLUTION Specify material properties to define the evolution of damage DAMAGE INITIATION Specify material properties to define the initiation of damage DLOAD Use the new CONSTANT RESULTANT parameter to specify whether surface tractions or edge loads should be integrated over the surf
150. ns Options Undeformed Shape Deformed Shape Contour Symbol Material Orientation Display Body Color amp Style or XY Plot Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Customizing colors Section 3 2 9 2 4 ENHANCED PRINTING ON Windows PLATFORMS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now print images on Windows printers without using a print command Description ABAQUS CAE lists the printers available on any Windows platform and automatically selects the current default printer You can use the default printer or select another printer from the list Use the settings and buttons in the Print dialog box to choose page formatting and printer specific options Figure 2 4 shows the Print and the Page Setup dialog boxes these dialog boxes contain options specific to ABAQUS CAE and your selected image GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS ke Page Setup xj General C E Selection Print Jal viewports gt Note Minimized viewports will not be printed it C Landscape Units Inches Milimeters Quality Medium sl IV Print date IM Print ABAQUS logo IV Print viewport decorations if visible Print viewport backgrounds Image Size Fit to page 7 5 x 5 6 C Use size on screen 4 0 x 3 0 r Settings Rendition Color sl Destination Printer C File Printer First Floor Laserjet sl Properties Copies 1 E Page setup OK Apply C Use settings below Widt
151. o stress linearization Creating paths using element edges or circular features Integrated output over a surface Whole surface contact output in general contact Accessing a remote output database Job diagnostics enhancements Connector output Filtering and improved output Viewing the interior of a model Substructure matrix output Steady state dynamic output enhancements 12 5 12 6 13 1 13 2 13 3 13 4 13 5 13 6 13 7 13 8 13 9 13 10 13 11 14 1 14 2 14 3 14 4 14 5 14 6 14 7 15 1 15 2 15 3 15 4 15 5 15 6 15 7 15 8 15 9 15 10 15 11 15 12 15 13 15 14 CONTENTS Vector image output 15 15 Results averaging and contour plot limits 15 16 16 ABAQUS Scripting Interface Materials sections and section assignments in the output database 16 1 Mass and inertia data in the output database 16 2 Tab completion from the command line interface 16 3 Approach to verifying a model database has changed 16 4 17 Summary of changes Changes in ABAQUS elements 17 1 Changes in ABAQUS options 17 2 Changes in ABAQUS user subroutines 17 3 Changes in ABAQUS output variable identifiers 17 4 l Product Index 1 INTRODUCTION TO ABAQUS VERSION 6 5 This document introduces the new features in ABAQUS Version 6 5 Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of the ABAQUS products included in this release Chapters 2 16 provide short descriptions of new Version 6 5 features in ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit and ABAQUS CAE cate
152. onstraints Section 15 13 1 in the online version of this manual ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e TIE TYPE SURFACE TO SURFACE or NODE TO SURFACE 10 2 PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS FOR DEFORMABLE ELEMENTS DECLARED AS RIGID Product ABAQUS Standard 10 4 CONSTRAINTS Benefits In some situations the performance of ABAQUS Standard analyses containing deformable elements declared as rigid has been significantly improved compared to earlier versions of ABAQUS Standard Description The magnitude of the performance gains in Version 6 5 for analyses containing deformable elements declared as rigid depends on several factors The performance gains are greatest for the following situations The ratio of deformable elements making up the rigid body to the total number of elements in the model is large e No loads are applied to the deformable elements that have been declared as rigid e No output is requested for the deformable elements that have been declared as rigid The most significant performance improvements are attained for models where the first and third situations are combined The Geneva mechanism example problem is representative of such a model In this example a factor of 2 5 improvement in wall clock time over Version 6 4 is observed using a single processor on a Linux x86 32 workstation Reference ABAQUS Example Problems Manual e Geneva mechanism Section 4 1 8 10 3 EMBEDDING BEAM AND SHELL ELEMENTS INTO SOLI
153. ontact Section 11 6 e Performance improvements for interacting radiation heat transfer Section 11 7 e Defining concentrated convective and radiative behavior Section 11 8 e Controlling nodal erosion for general contact Section 11 9 e Performance improvements for general contact Section 11 10 e Stabilization of multi body contact problems with rigid body modes Section 11 11 e Elimination of multiple state and model files during element reordering Section 11 12 INTERACTIONS 11 4 SURFACE TO SURFACE SMALL SLIDING CONTACT ACCOUNTING FOR THICKNESS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS CAE Benefits The true surface to surface formulation for small sliding contact optimizes stress accuracy for surface pairings with mismatched meshes and accounts for surface thicknesses Description A true surface to surface formulation has been added for small sliding contact in ABAQUS Standard In contrast to the existing node to surface approach this new approach does not lead to stress oscillations at a contact interface even for mismatched meshes In addition the new formulation accounts for surface thicknesses and offsets The node to surface approach remains the default but you are encouraged to use the surface to surface approach In some cases the surface to surface approach can result in significantly increased computational cost see Surface to surface tie constraint formulation Section 10 1 for further
154. ontact pairs In addition you can now apply tangential damping directly as an interaction property 11 15 INTERACTIONS Stabilization can be applied during any step and remains in force during the step By default the damping is ramped down linearly to zero so that at the end of the step a solution is obtained without damping forces The damping stresses CDSTRESS and the dissipated energy ALLSD are available for output The stabilization specified in one step is not active in subsequent steps ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Interaction Contact Controls Create ABAQUS Standard contact controls Stabilization Interaction Property Create Contact Mechanical Damping Tangent fraction References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e General and linear perturbation procedures Section 6 1 2 e Common difficulties associated with contact modeling in ABAQUS Standard Section 21 2 9 e Contact damping Section 22 1 3 e ABAQUS Standard output variable identifiers Section 4 2 1 e Results file output format Section 5 1 2 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Creating interaction properties Section 15 11 2 in the online version of this manual e Specifying contact controls in an ABAQUS Standard analysis Section 15 12 3 in the online version of this manual ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONTACT CONTROLS STABILIZE e CONTACT DAMPING TANGENT FRACTION ABAQUS Theory Manual e Contact pressu
155. oth ABAQUS Explicit and ABAQUS Standard You can specify that you are interested in only the translational or rotational components of displacements velocities and accelerations and you can specify that you are interested in only the reaction forces or reaction moments You can also suppress the output of material orientations to reduce the size of the output database You can now request element field output in ABAQUS Explicit for certain section points in shell and beam elements just as you can in ABAQUS Standard You can apply filters when you create a history output request and access the new variables and output options when you create a field output request in ABAQUS CAE You must select the output that you want ABAQUS to save during the analysis you can toggle on Preselected defaults if desired to get the default output for the current type of step The output database is reduced in size by saving only the results that you request and by filtering prior to saving the data ABAQUS CAE Usage Step module Tools Filter Create Output Field Output Requests Create Output History Output Requests Create References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Filtering history output in ABAQUS Explicit in Output to the output database Section 4 1 3 e ABAQUS Standard output variable identifiers Section 4 2 1 e ABAQUS Explicit output variable identifiers Section 4 2 2 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Defining output requ
156. pair Import part from output database enhanced 5 1 New geometry repair tools added 5 2 6 Analysis procedures Transferring results between ABAQUS analyses 6 1 Enhancements to the steady state transport procedure and symmetric model generation technique 6 2 Removal of limitations for domain level parallelization in ABAQUS Explicit 6 3 Extension of adaptive meshing in ABAQUS Standard 6 4 Contact iterations in ABAQUS Standard 6 5 Reading temperatures from a previous analysis 6 6 Enhancements to the submodeling analysis procedure 6 7 Modal damping and eigenmode selection by frequency range 6 8 Fluid structure interaction 6 9 Residual modes 6 10 Enhancements to the iterative equation solver 6 11 7 Materials Hyperelastic and viscoelastic material evaluation 7 1 Creating a material when you create a section 7 2 Section assignment enhancements 7 3 Shell and beam section editor enhancements 7 4 Progressive damage and failure 7 5 Energy dissipation in elastomeric foams 7 6 Kinematic hardening plasticity in ABAQUS Explicit 7 7 Evaluation of strain rate dependent data in ABAQUS Explicit 7 8 Orthotropic elastic plasticity in ABAQUS Explicit 7 9 8 Elements Continuum shell elements ABAQUS CAE support 8 1 Continuum shell elements modified through thickness modulus 8 2 Connector elements new connection types and kinematics New connector behaviors Enhanced orientation definition methods Cohesive elements Assigning element properties on
157. pe Blend Chamfer Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Blending edges Section 11 27 in the online version of this manual 4 4 MODELING Figure 4 2 The fillet tool is more widely applicable 4 3 CREATING PATTERNS OF INSTANCES Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can easily create complex assemblies by creating new instances in a linear or radial pattern Description You can create a pattern of new instances You can choose either of the following methods to define the pattern Linear A linear pattern positions new instances along a direction for example the X direction You can specify the number of instances and the spacing between the instances and you can choose to position the instances in a positive direction or a negative direction In addition you can change the angle of the direction You can create a matrix of new instances by creating copies in a second direction for example the Y direction as shown in Figure 4 3 Figure 4 3 Part instances patterned in two linear directions Radial A radial pattern positions new instances in a circular pattern You can specify the number of instances and you can specify the angle between the first and last instance as shown in Figure 4 4 In addition you can select a line from the assembly that defines a new axis of rotation 4 5 MODELING Figure 4 4 A radial pattern of part instances ABAQUS CAE Usage Assembly module Instance Linear Pattern Inst
158. plays the section name section type material name and region associated with each section assignment The Section Assignment Manager is shown in Figure 7 1 In the Property module ABAQUS CAE colors a region aqua as shown in Figure 7 2 to indicate that the region has a section assignment Section Name Type Material Name BACK PLATE Solid Homogeneous BACK PLT MAT BACK PLATE SOLID INNER INSULATOR INNER Solid Homogeneous INSULATOR MAT Picked INSULATOR OUTER Solid Homogeneous INSULATOR MAT Picked OUTER BACKPLATE FEM Solid Homogeneous BACK PLT MAT OUTER BACKPLATE FEM Create Edit Delete Dismiss Figure 7 1 The Section Assignment Manager ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module Section Assignment Manager Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Managing section assignments Section 12 9 2 7 4 SHELL AND BEAM SECTION EDITOR ENHANCEMENTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The reorganization ofthe shell and beam section editors improves usability In addition transverse shear stiffness properties for shell and beam sections can now be defined in ABAQUS CAE increasing the coverage of ABAQUS analysis product functionality 7 4 MATERIALS regions with section assignments Figure 7 2 Section assignment coloring in the Property module Description In the homogeneous and composite shell section editors for general shell sections i e integrated before analysis the Options button for Integrat
159. rcumferential path Radial path M Circle Definition Origin and axis 3 Points on arc 7 11441 2 69913E 032 0 Point 2 5 33974 4 34502 0 Point 3 1 6 19501 0 Select from Viewport Number of segments Ime Radial angle so Start radius C Circle radius Specify s Endradius C St specify Cancel Figure 15 6 Creating a radial path An integrated output section definition can be used with an integrated output request as described above It can also be used to monitor the average motion of a surface by including a reference node in the integrated output section definition ABAQUS CAE Usage Step module Output Integrated Output Sections History output request editor Domain Integrated output section References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Defining element based surfaces Section 2 3 2 Integrated output section definition Section 2 5 1 e Output to the output database Section 4 1 3 e ABAQUS Explicit output variable identifiers Section 4 2 2 15 11 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Integrated output from ABAQUS Explicit Section 14 5 1 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e INTEGRATED OUTPUT e INTEGRATED OUTPUT SECTION e SURFACE 15 7 WHOLE SURFACE CONTACT OUTPUT IN GENERAL CONTACT Product ABAQUS Explicit Benefits History output of total force quantities can be requested to monitor bulk effects of contact between bod
160. re definition Section 5 2 1 e Coulomb friction Section 5 2 3 11 12 ELIMINATION OF MULTIPLE STATE AND MODEL FILES DURING ELEMENT REORDERING Product ABAQUS Standard Benefits Multiple state and model files are no longer created if the elements are reordered in ABAQUS Standard finite sliding analyses 11 16 INTERACTIONS Description In previous versions of ABAQUS Standard new model and state files were created each time the automated contact patch algorithm resulted in an element reordering This could result in significant disk space costs for analyses that underwent multiple reorderings Version 6 5 no longer generates these files Reference ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Common difficulties associated with contact modeling in ABAQUS Standard Section 21 2 9 11 17 12 ENGINEERING FEATURES This chapter discusses engineering features related to part and assembly modeling in ABAQUS CAE It provides an overview of the following enhancements Defining skin reinforcements Section 12 1 e Defining point mass and rotary inertia in ABAQUS CAE Section 12 2 Defining damping in ABAQUS CAE Section 12 3 e Defining heat capacitance in ABAQUS CAE Section 12 4 Defining a crack in ABAQUS CAE Section 12 5 e Defining springs and dashpots in ABAQUS CAE Section 12 6 ENGINEERING FEATURES 12 1 DEFINING SKIN REINFORCEMENTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You now use the Special menu in
161. re displacement elements Section 1 6 3 Finite sliding contact between stress displacement elements Section 1 6 4 Finite sliding contact between a deformable body and a rigid surface Section 1 6 5 Finite sliding contact between coupled temperature displacement elements Section 1 6 7 Finite sliding contact between coupled pore pressure displacement elements Section 1 6 8 Adjusting contact surface normals at symmetry planes Section 1 6 20 Complex eigenvalue extraction Section 3 16 1 11 6 INTERACTIONS 11 3 ACCOUNTING FOR SHELL OFFSETS IN THE GENERAL CONTACT ALGORITHM Products ABAQUS Explicit ABAQUS CAE Benefits Double sided element for example shell offsets are accounted for in the general contact algorithm Description In some cases the geometry of one surface of a thin shell like body is known accurately and is used to construct the model in a preprocessor If double sided elements are defined on this surface an offset must be defined to specify the position of the midsurface with respect to the reference surface see Figure 11 4 This offset must be accounted for in general contact to model the contact behavior correctly By default all offsets specified on element section definitions are recognized by the general contact algorithm In addition the default offset used in the general contact algorithm can be changed for example to ignore shell element offsets reference surface
162. res Section 2 1 Preselection highlighting Section 2 2 Enhanced color selection Section 2 3 Enhanced printing on Windows platforms Section 2 4 The Model Tree Section 2 5 Saving your display options and GUI settings Section 2 6 Suppressing and resuming step dependent objects Section 2 7 Support for 3Dconnexion motion controllers Section 2 8 Exporting to VRML Section 2 9 Memory reductions for ABAQUS Explicit analyses Section 2 10 Display group enhancements Section 2 11 Performance improvements for ABAQUS Standard models with many section and or material definitions Section 2 12 Performance improvements for ABAQUS import models Section 2 13 Viewport annotations and tools Section 2 14 GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS 2 1 ENHANCED ABAQUS INSTALLATION PROCEDURES Benefits The revised installation procedures offer usability and functional enhancements including a first in class GUI based upgrade of an ABAQUS FLEX m license server and support for installation on shared file systems Description The ABAQUS licensing installation procedure now upgrades an existing ABAQUS FLEX m license server provided the existing server was started using the licensing installation procedure The uninstall procedure for ABAQUS licensing on Windows platforms has been simplified The ABAQUS product installation setup command supports several new options including file server insta
163. routine UMESHMOTION Description Utility routine GETVRN can be used to obtain solution variable results in user subroutine UMESHMOTION With these results you can define solution dependent adaptive mesh constraints References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e UMESHMOTION Section 25 2 32 e Obtaining node point information Section 26 2 7 14 5 USER SUBROUTINES UTILITIES AND PLUG INS ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e ADAPTIVE MESH CONSTRAINT ABAQUS Verification Manual e Adaptive mesh for solid elements in ABAQUS Standard Section 5 1 1 14 6 SUPPORT FOR ABAQUS CAE PLUG INS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can use plug ins to extend the capabilities of ABAQUS CAE Description You can think of plug ins as a bridge between ABAQUS CAE macros that play back a sequence of actions and the more complete functionality provided by the ABAQUS GUI Toolkit ABAQUS plug ins execute ABAQUS Scripting Interface and ABAQUS GUI Toolkit commands and they provide a convenient way to customize ABAQUS CAE for your particular needs or preferences The following plug ins are provided with this release e Running the Getting Started with ABAQUS examples e Creating a GUI plug in e Creating a kernel plug in Displaying mode contribution factors You can also download plug ins from the ABAQUS Process Automation Portal or you can write your own plug ins Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Part VIII Using plug ins
164. rsions and in scalar versus parallel analyses for a particular large model GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS Table 2 1 GBytes per domain domains Version 6 4 Version 6 5 1 43 3 6 8 2 9 0 93 Reference ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Parallel execution in ABAQUS Explicit Section 7 19 3 2 11 DISPLAY GROUP ENHANCEMENTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits In the Visualization module you can create display groups using element types material assignments and section assignments You can also select internal sets and surfaces for use in display groups throughout ABAQUS CAE Description Internal sets and surfaces are available in all modules that support the use of display groups all modules except the Job module and the Sketch module You can select elements by material or section assignments however material and section assignment information is available only for output databases that contain the required information analyses run using ABAQUS Version 6 5 The selection of nodes and elements by result values in the Visualization module has also been enhanced symbols are now used to represent the desired range of result values for use in the display group as shown in Figure 2 8 ABAQUS CAE Usage Visualization module Tools Display Group Create References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Creating or editing a display group Section 51 2 1 e Selection methods for creating or editing a displ
165. rt and anchoring it to the model Lubrication hole Connecting pin location Figure 2 9 Viewport annotations GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS You can reposition the annotations directly in the viewport or open an editor dialog box to enter new coordinates select or enter new anchor points or change arrowheads line styles colors and fonts You can use the Annotation Manager to edit copy rename and delete annotations or to plot them in the current viewport Use the tools in the Viewport toolbox shown in Figure 2 10 to create and manipulate viewports and viewport annotations Viewport tools Annotation tools Sesame Alt BE r til create annotation create me create arrow edit nanager horizontal arrow create ger cascade tile ang text viewport vertical text annotation options Figure 2 10 The Viewport toolbox Use the Viewport Annotation Options dialog box to toggle all annotations on and off in a viewport You can control the display of all text and arrow annotations and each type of viewport annotation that is generated by ABAQUS CAE the triad and in the Visualization module the legend title block and state block You can also use the viewport annotation options to customize the annotations generated by ABAQUS CAE the customization options remain unchanged from previous versions of ABAQUS CAE ABAQUS CAE Usage Any module Viewport Viewport Toolbox Viewport Annotation Manag
166. rties on an element by element basis Section 8 7 Change in default hourglass control method for elements modeled with finite strain elasticity Section 8 8 Change in default element distortion control for solid elements modeled with finite strain elastic materials Section 8 9 ELEMENTS 8 1 CONTINUUM SHELL ELEMENTS ABAQUS CAE SUPPORT Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The addition of continuum shell elements introduced in Version 6 4 of ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit to ABAQUS CAE increases the coverage of ABAQUS analysis product functionality Description You can assign ABAQUS continuum shell elements to hexahedral or wedge elements that you created using the swept meshing technique You can also assign continuum shell elements to orphan mesh part instances ABAQUS CAE Usage Mesh module Mesh Element Type Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Modeling continuum shells Section 21 4 8 2 CONTINUUM SHELL ELEMENTS MODIFIED THROUGH THICKNESS MODULUS Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS Explicit Benefits The through thickness modulus is now based on plane stress conditions rather than plane strain conditions This modification provides more appropriate results for shell like applications where the thickness direction is unconfined and an increased stable time increment size in ABAQUS Explicit Description The through thickness stress resultant is related to an effective thickness direction strain by
167. s If you choose to use region boundaries results are averaged only within the defined regions The default regions are based on the section assignments in the model but you can specify your own regions based on either element sets or display groups You can view the selected averaging regions by using them to color code the model If you have already used display groups to exclude a portion of the model from the view you can choose to average nodal results based on all contributing elements or on the displayed elements Use the computation order to control how ABAQUS calculates invariants If invariants are calculated prior to averaging you can select a threshold value for the difference in element values at a node above the threshold ABAQUS suspends averaging and displays a discontinuity in the results To view discontinuities in the results you can minimize the threshold value or suppress averaging entirely If invariants are computed after averaging ABAQUS averages all results hiding any discontinuities to maintain a valid basis for computing the invariants By default the auto computed limits for contour plots now include the averaged results To set contour limits using only the extrapolated values as was the default in previous versions of ABAQUS CAE you must toggle off Average element output at nodes in the Result Options dialog box to suppress nodal averaging Note You can no longer use the Contour Plot Options to control whether
168. s been improved Description Significant improvements to the efficiency of general contact have been made in Version 6 5 Analysis times will typically decrease by 10 20 for ABAQUS Explicit models in which a large fraction of elements are exposed to contact References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Defining general contact interactions Section 21 3 1 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e CONTACT 11 11 STABILIZATION OF MULTI BODY CONTACT PROBLEMS WITH RIGID BODY MODES Products ABAQUS Standard ABAQUS CAE Benefits A new stabilization method addresses multi body contact problems in which contact is not present in increment 1 and therefore rigid body modes exist initially Description You can add viscous stabilization to any or all contact pairs using a new form of stabilization similar to the existing stabilization method with some important differences The new form of stabilization applies to both normal and tangential motions the ratio of which you can control The damping coefficient is calculated based on the stiffness of the underlying material instead of on the initial opening e You can modify the calculated damping coefficient you can ramp it down or keep it constant The damping works over a limited opening range which you can control You can apply this form of stabilization to the whole model with overrides for individual contact pairs In ABAQUS CAE the stabilization can be applied only to individual c
169. s consistent For orphan mesh parts you can use the Edit Mesh toolset to change the orientation ABAQUS CAE Usage Mesh module Tools Edit Mesh Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Manipulating nodes Section 41 1 1 13 8 CONVERTING ORPHAN MESHES TO GASKET ELEMENTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now convert conventional elements to gasket elements in an orphan mesh part Description Previous versions of ABAQUS CAE did not allow you to assign gasket elements to a region of an orphan mesh part to which conventional elements had been assigned Now that the Edit Mesh toolset allows you to change the orientation ofthe stack direction ABAQUS CAE allows you to convert conventional elements to gasket elements in an orphan mesh part 13 7 MESHING ABAQUS CAE Usage Mesh module Mesh Element Type Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Associating ABAQUS elements with mesh regions Section 17 15 10 in the online version of this manual 13 9 EDITING THE MESH AND PRESERVING THE USER S INTENT Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The Edit Mesh toolset preserves your intent when you edit an orphan mesh part Description If you flip the surface normal direction of shell elements or change the orientation of the stack direction of a continuum shell or gasket mesh using the Edit Mesh toolset ABAQUS CAE preserves the orientation of prescribed conditions or named surfaces ABAQUS CAE Usage Part module Tools Edi
170. s overlap more recent assignments override earlier assignments Cancel v Highlight selected regions x Figure 11 5 Specifying feature edge criteria for the general contact domain 11 5 CUSTOMIZING CONTACT CONTROLS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits The ability to specify controls for ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit contact interactions in ABAQUS CAE increases the coverage of ABAQUS solver functionality Description You can use the contact controls editors in the Interaction module to customize the variables that control the contact algorithms however the default settings are appropriate for most analyses Contact controls are for advanced users and should be used with care The contact controls in the Interaction module replace the contact controls previously available for ABAQUS Explicit analyses in the Step module and extend the functionality to ABAQUS Standard analyses 11 9 INTERACTIONS Attribute Assignments Contact Surface Contact Properties Properties Formulation Pure master slave assignments 3items Edit W Edit Pure Master Slave Assignments Step Initial M Select Pairs Global CONT ES EXT REGIC EXT REGIC CONT ES EXT REGIC EXT REGIC m Master Slave Assignments Second First Surface Surface CONT ES pan EXT REGIONI SLAVE SSIDE1 SSIDE2 re a SLAVE 2 gt gt Global EXT REGIONZ MASTER tin all steps Note Whe
171. ser s Manual e Parallel execution in ABAQUS Standard Section 7 19 2 e Iterative linear equation solver Section 8 1 2 7 MATERIALS This chapter discusses new material models or changes to existing material models It provides an overview of the following enhancements Hyperelastic and viscoelastic material evaluation Section 7 1 Creating a material when you create a section Section 7 2 Section assignment enhancements Section 7 3 Shell and beam section editor enhancements Section 7 4 Progressive damage and failure Section 7 5 Energy dissipation in elastomeric foams Section 7 6 Kinematic hardening plasticity in ABAQUS Explicit Section 7 7 Evaluation of strain rate dependent data in ABAQUS Explicit Section 7 8 Orthotropic elastic plasticity in ABAQUS Explicit Section 7 9 MATERIALS 7 1 HYPERELASTIC AND VISCOELASTIC MATERIAL EVALUATION Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now evaluate the Marlow strain energy potential for hyperelastic materials you can also evaluate viscoelastic materials Description Material evaluations can now be performed for hyperelastic materials that are defined with a Marlow strain energy potential The Poisson s ratio previously available in ABAQUS CAE for use only with the Marlow model can now be used to calculate the volumetric response for all of the hyperelastic strain energy potentials You can now also evaluate the cr
172. t Force based relative motion based or relative plastic motion based initiation criteria are available Once damage is initiated a user specified damage evolution law is used to soften the connector response Either a relative motion based or an energy based damage evolution law can be used You can specify multiple competing or cumulative damage mechanisms pairs of damage initiation criteria and damage evolution laws in the connector and you can choose the components of relative motion for which the response will be damaged ELEMENTS In addition the connector friction behavior previously available in ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit has been enhanced In addition to the previously available ABAQUS predefined choices you can now define customized combinations of connector tractions upon which frictional slip is initiated in these cases You can also define more general friction producing contact forces in connectors than in previous releases Predefined friction behavior and uncoupled user defined friction behavior are supported in ABAQUS CAE coupled user defined friction behavior is not supported in ABAQUS CAE ABAQUS CAE Usage Interaction module Connector Property Create choose connection type Add Friction Add Plasticity and or Add Damage References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Connector elements Section 17 1 2 e Connector element library Section 17 1 4 e Connection type library Sectio
173. t higher frequency modes are not extracted in the frequency step and hence not included in the basis for the mode based analysis The only prerequisite for activating the residual mode calculations is that the loading patterns need to be defined in an immediately preceding static perturbation step If the static perturbation step includes multiple load cases one residual ANALYSIS PROCEDURES mode is calculated for each load case Although by default all residual modes are included in the basis for the mode based procedure like eigenmodes a subset of the calculated residual modes may be used in a given mode based analysis The printed output file clearly identifies which modes are residual modes and which modes are eigenmodes In terms of use in mode based procedures ABAQUS Standard does not distinguish between residual modes and eigenmodes ABAQUS CAE Usage Step module Step Create Frequency Basic Include residual modes References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Implicit dynamic analysis using direct integration Section 6 3 2 e Natural frequency extraction Section 6 3 5 e Transient modal dynamic analysis Section 6 3 7 e Mode based steady state dynamic analysis Section 6 3 8 e Subspace based steady state dynamic analysis Section 6 3 9 Response spectrum analysis Section 6 3 10 e Random response analysis Section 6 3 11 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e FREQUENCY RESIDUAL MODES e SELEC
174. t Mesh Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e What can I do with the Edit Mesh toolset Section 41 1 in the online version of this manual 13 10 USING THE EDIT MESH TOOLSET TO ADJUST THE POSITION OF MIDSIDE NODES Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can adjust the position of the midside nodes of second order elements to allow for the singularity at the crack tip in a fracture mechanics analysis Description You can use the Edit Mesh toolset to edit an orphan mesh part and move the midside nodes along edges connected to selected nodes Moving the midside nodes allows you to include a singularity at the crack tip in a fracture mechanics analysis see Defining a crack in ABAQUS CAE Section 12 5 ABAQUS CAE moves the midside nodes based on the parameter that you enter For example if you enter a 13 8 MESHING parameter of 0 25 ABAQUS CAE positions the midside nodes one quarter of the length of the element edge away from the selected nodes ABAQUS CAE Usage Part module Tools Edit Mesh References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Constructing a fracture mechanics mesh for small strain analysis in Contour integral evaluation Section 7 10 2 ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Controlling the singularity at the crack tip for a small strain analysis Section 20 1 5 e What can I do with the Edit Mesh toolset Section 41 1 13 11 USING THE EDIT MESH TOOLSET TO CREATE AN OFFSET MESH Product A
175. the Property module to define skin reinforcements on a part The Skin menu in the Property module has been removed Description You can define a skin that is bonded to the surface of an existing part and specify its engineering properties This feature was previously defined using the Skin menu in the Property module now you define skins using the Special menu in the Property module ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module Special Skin Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Modeling skin reinforcements Section 20 3 12 2 DEFINING POINT MASS AND ROTARY INERTIA IN ABAQUS CAE Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now define lumped mass and rotary inertia at points on a part or on an assembly and display symbols in the viewport that represent the mass and inertia Description You can define lumped mass and rotary inertia at a point on a part or on an assembly These features were previously defined using section assignments in the Property module now you define them using the Special menu in the Property module or the Interaction module Mass and rotary inertia features created on a part are instanced along with the part ABAQUS CAE Usage Property module or Interaction module Special Inertia Create Point mass inertia Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Modeling inertia Section 20 2 12 3 ENGINEERING FEATURES 12 3 DEFINING DAMPING IN ABAQUS CAE Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now define damp
176. the assembly and mesh independent part instances e Display a selected part and mesh the part ABAQUS CAE associates the same mesh with each dependent instance of the part in the assembly This approach is convenient when you create a linear or radial pattern of dependent part instances You can mesh the original part and ABAQUS CAE associates the mesh with each instance of the part in the pattern ABAQUS CAE instances the meshed representation of a dependent part instance in the input file by writing a single set of nodal coordinates and element connectivity to define the part along with a transform to define each part instance In contrast ABAQUS CAE does not take advantage of instantiation in the input file with independent part instances sets of nodal coordinates and element connectivity are written to the input file for each independent part instance ABAQUS CAE Usage Mesh module Mesh Instance Mesh Part References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e What is the difference between a dependent and an independent part instance Section 13 3 2 e Meshing independent and dependent part instances Section 17 3 6 13 2 MERGING MESHED PARTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits If you have already meshed parts or an independent part instance in the Mesh module you can merge their meshes in the Assembly module Description Previous versions of ABAQUS CAE allowed you to merge ABAQUS CAE native part instances or orphan mesh part insta
177. the far side of the model so that the model is behind the camera Finally in the Visualization module you can set the camera to follow the motion of a local coordinate system If you use movie mode you can also position the camera at the origin of that local coordinate system Figure 15 1 shows the movie mode camera positioned inside a truck cab ABAQUS CAE Usage Any module View View Options References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual Understanding camera modes and view options Section 5 1 The pan view tool Section 5 2 2 e The rotate view tool Section 5 2 3 e The magnify tool Section 5 2 4 e Customizing camera movement Section 37 9 15 3 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION Figure 15 1 Movie mode camera 15 2 ENHANCED COLOR CODING Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now color code your model results by element types materials and sections Additional selection methods and an enhanced user interface including automatic coloring based on model attributes are available in the Visualization module Description The Color Code dialog box has been updated to provide easy access to the many new options available as shown in Figure 15 2 The default selection when you open the dialog box is an automatic color mapping scheme applied to all element sets in the model You can click Apply to implement the current selection in the viewport or you can make any of the following changes e Click Auto Color List
178. the online version of this manual 15 9 JOB DIAGNOSTICS ENHANCEMENTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits Diagnostic information generated by an ABAQUS analysis can be conveniently accessed from within the ABAQUS CAE environment The warnings and errors that are most commonly generated by ABAQUS Standard jobs including summary information cutback information and element diagnostics can now be accessed in the Visualization module Description The summary for each analysis now includes the number of warnings and errors in the analysis and the information describing the automatic time incrementation scheme used by ABAQUS Standard has 15 13 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION been expanded and reorganized Tabbed pages help you locate where any problems occurred filter warnings and errors by category and provide a brief description of each type of diagnostic information By selecting a stage of the analysis from the Job History tree you can also limit the display of diagnostic information to a specific step increment attempt or iteration In addition you can highlight in the viewport the nodes or elements associated with warnings and errors Figure 15 7 shows the Errors tabbed page in the Job Diagnostics dialog box D Job Diagnostics xi r Job History Summary Warnings Errors r Summary I Step 1 Category Incrementation SSS Too many attempts r Details Too many attempts made for this increment
179. thickness of 1 0 and their constitutive behavior defined by the same material Further suppose that shell elements 1 and 2 have the same offset of 0 1 but elements 3 and 4 ELEMENTS have offsets of 0 3 and 0 4 respectively One approach is to partition the model with three separate section definitions to accommodate the different offsets Since elements 1 and 2 share common element properties including their offsets they can share the same shell section definition An alternative approach is to use a single section definition to define a default offset value of 0 1 for all four elements then redefine the offsets for elements 3 and 4 with an element property assignment You would define an element based scalar distribution for elements 3 and 4 and use this distribution in the element property assignment to modify the shell element offsets Since only elements 3 and 4 would be included in the distribution definition the offsets for elements 1 and 2 would remain unchanged from the default value specified in the shell section definition References ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Distribution definition Section 2 7 1 e Assigning element properties on an element by element basis Section 13 1 5 ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual e DISTRIBUTION e ELEMENT PROPERTIES ABAQUS Verification Manual e Spatially varying element properties Section 5 1 3 88 CHANGE IN DEFAULT HOURGLASS CONTROL METHOD FOR ELEMENTS MODELED WIT
180. tion Residual modes Enhancements to the iterative equation solver Energy dissipation in elastomeric foams Continuum shell elements modified through thickness modulus New connector behaviors Enhanced orientation definition methods Cohesive elements Assigning element properties on an element by element basis Change in default hourglass control method for elements modeled with finite strain elasticity Distributed surface tractions and edge loads Surface to surface tie constraint formulation Performance improvements for deformable elements declared as rigid Embedding beam and shell elements into solid elements New fastener interface using connector elements Surface to surface small sliding contact accounting for thickness Improved contact stresses for second order elements PRODUCT INDEX Section 11 7 Section 11 11 Section 11 12 Section 14 1 Section 14 2 Section 14 3 Section 14 4 Section 14 5 Section 15 10 Section 15 11 Section 15 13 Section 15 14 Performance improvements for interacting radiation heat transfer Stabilization of multi body contact problems with rigid body modes Elimination of multiple state and model files during element reordering User subroutine to define the magnitude and loading directions of nonuniform distributed surface tractions edge loads and edge moments User subroutine to specify mesh motion constraints during adaptive meshing Utility routine to determine elements adjacent to a node Utility
181. tion 2 1 2 of the ABAQUS Installation and Licensing Guide The remaining chapters in this book provide details on these and other new features of ABAQUS Version 6 5 In addition to the enhancements listed here most of the known bugs in Version 6 4 are corrected 1 2 ABAQUS PRODUCTS The various components of the ABAQUS finite element analysis program are described in this section Analysis e ABAQUS Standard This module is the general purpose finite element analysis product It includes all analysis capabilities except nonlinear dynamic analysis using explicit time integration provided in the ABAQUS Explicit module and the add on analysis functionality described below ABAQUS Explicit This product provides nonlinear transient dynamic analysis of solids and structures using explicit time integration Its powerful contact capabilities reliability and computational efficiency on large models also make it highly effective for quasi static applications involving discontinuous nonlinear behavior Add on analysis ABAQUS Aqua This add on analysis capability for ABAQUS Standard provides wave loading drag and buoyancy calculation capabilities for modeling offshore piping and floating platform structures e ABAQUS Design This add on analysis capability for ABAQUS Standard allows the user to perform design sensitivity analysis DSA The derivatives of output variables are calculated with respect to specified design parameters e ABA
182. to as streamlines This kinematic description converts the moving disc brake problem into a pure spatially dependent simulation The steady state transport procedure allows the steady state solutions to be obtained directly or by using a quasi steady state pass by pass technique You can choose a set of elements in a model to be described in an Eulerian manner the rest of the elements in the model are treated in the classical Lagrangian manner Most material models that describe mechanical behavior are available for use in a steady state transport analysis In particular history dependent viscoelasticity classical metal plasticity rate dependent yield rate dependent creep and two layer viscoplasticity can be used in a steady state transport analysis The steady state transport analysis can be the only step can follow a general or linear perturbation step or can be followed by a natural frequency extraction step or a complex eigenvalue extraction step Multiple steady state transport analysis steps can be included in a single analysis Restart of a steady state transport analysis is also supported The three dimensional model used in a steady state transport analysis must be generated using the symmetric model generation technique A periodic three dimensional model such as a vented disc can now be generated by revolving a three dimensional repetitive sector about a symmetry axis using the symmetric model generation technique Other enhancements
183. to edit the colors used for automatic color coding e Click column headings in the Color Mapping table to sort the table by that column e Select new items by attribute element or node e Change the selection method for the current item type Pick from viewport for example e Select one or more cells from the Color Mapping table to edit their colors You edit the color of a selection using the Select Color dialog box For more information see Enhanced color selection Section 2 3 15 4 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION E Color Code EN Selection a attribute sl Method Element sets sl Color Mapping Auto Color Activate Deactivate Auto Color List Select al Edit color 3 4 Element Sets MN PART 1 L WHEEL FRONT RIGHT ROTARY BE Ei MV PART 1 1 WHEEL FRONT RIGHT MASS wE E lv X PART 31 1 WHEEL FRONT LEFT ROTARY BE V PART 1 1 WHEEL FRONT LEFT MASS EB lv PART 1 I WHEEL BACK RIGHT ROTARY BE M MM PART 1 1 WHEEL BACK RIGHT MASS wE E V PART 1 1 WHEEL BACK LEFT ROTARY w E E Name filter Tp Highlight items OK Apply Defaults Cancel Figure 15 2 The Color Code dialog box Note Color coding by materials or sections is available only for output databases that contain the required information i e analyses run using ABAQUS Version 6 5 ABAQUS CAE Usage Visualization module Tools Color Code References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Coloring part instances
184. twork ODB connector from any platform Windows UNIX or Linux However the remote file access server must reside on a UNIX or Linux platform you cannot access an output database that resides on a remote Windows system You can access only a remote output database you cannot access a remote model database After you create and start a network ODB connector you can use it to navigate the directory structure on a remote host When you open a database from ABAQUS CAE a Network connectors entry appears under Directory in the file selection dialog box When you start an ABAQUS CAE session a cache is created in the scratch file directory ABAQUS CAE uses this cache for local data storage when you use a network ODB connector to read from a remote output database The cache greatly increases the performance of the Visualization module in ABAQUS CAE when accessing data from the remote output database In most cases you will not have to tune the size of the cache However you may have to reduce the size of the cache if it is consuming too much disk space and reducing the speed of other applications on your system References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Accessing an output database on a remote computer Section 9 3 e Tuning the cache size to increase the performance of a network ODB Section 9 3 3 e Creating a network ODB connector Section 9 7 3 in the online version of this manual e Managing network ODB connectors Section 9 7 5 in
185. uivalent relative plastic motions 17 8 PRODUCT INDEX PRODUCT INDEX ABAQUS Standard Section 2 12 Section 2 13 Section 3 1 Section 3 2 Section 3 3 Section 3 4 Section 3 6 Section 4 13 Section 4 14 Section 4 15 Section 6 1 Section 6 2 Section 6 4 Section 6 5 Section 6 6 Section 6 7 Section 6 8 Section 6 9 Section 6 10 Section 6 11 Section 7 6 Section 8 2 Section 8 4 Section 8 5 Section 8 6 Section 8 7 Section 8 8 Section 9 1 Section 10 1 Section 10 2 Section 10 3 Section 10 4 Section 11 1 Section 11 2 Performance improvements for ABAQUS Standard models with many section and or material definitions Performance improvements for ABAQUS import models Parallel execution Parallel execution of the element operations in ABAQUS Standard Enhancements to the translator for NASTRAN bulk data files Enhancements to the translator for NASTRAN Output2 files Enhancements to the input file and output database upgrade utility Defining interior cross section surfaces Defining matrices Defining a nonstructural mass Transferring results between ABAQUS analyses Enhancements to the steady state transport procedure and symmetric model generation technique Extension of adaptive meshing in ABAQUS Standard Contact iterations in ABAQUS Standard Reading temperatures from a previous analysis Enhancements to the submodeling analysis procedure Modal damping and eigenmode selection by frequency range Fluid structure interac
186. uped by the type of entity being repaired e Edges e Faces The entire part In addition the following new tools have been added to the Repair toolset New edge repair tools lH Repair small edges Merge edges CC original contains multiple edges edges are merged into a single edge Figure 5 2 Merging edges e The remove redundant edges and remove redundant vertices tools have been replaced by the remove F Ja redundant entities L tool GEOMETRY IMPORT AND REPAIR New face repair tools e Repair small faces gH original small faces small faces removed Figure 5 3 Repair small faces Replace faces dr selected faces to replace Figure 5 4 The effect of replacing selected faces e Remove sliver Ra 5 5 GEOMETRY IMPORT AND REPAIR original sliver face Ki sliver face removed Figure 5 5 Removing a sliver New part repair tools e The functionality of the automated repair tool is now provided as three separate repair tools Stitch Fed Convert to analytical C5 C Convert to precise a e The solid from cell tool can now create a solid region from a cell region previous versions of ABAQUS CAE operated on only an entire part In addition you can now select more than one face from the shell region in which case ABAQUS CAE determines the direction in which to add the solid material ABAQUS CAE Usage Part module Tools
187. ure the driver The utilities and the commands to invoke these programs are described below abaqus append joins separate results files into a single file abaqus ascfil translates ABAQUS results files between ASCII and binary formats which is useful for moving results files between different computer types abaqus networkDBConnector creates a connection to a network ODB server that can be used to access a remote output database abaqus doc accesses the online documentation for the ABAQUS manuals abaqus fetch extracts example input files from the libraries included with the release abaqus findkeyword provides a list of sample problems that use the specified ABAQUS options This utility will help users find examples of features they may be using for the first time abaqus free converts all fixed format data in an input file to free format abaqus licensing provides a summary of the available FLEX m licensing utilities abaqus make compiles and links user written postprocessing programs for ABAQUS and creates user defined libraries of ABAQUS Standard and ABAQUS Explicit user subroutines abaqus python accesses the Python interpreter abaqus resume resumes an ABAQUS analysis job abaqus script initiates a Python scripting session abaqus suspend suspends an ABAQUS analysis job abaqus upgrade upgrades an input file or output database file from previous versions of ABAQUS to the current version e The convertenv utility for convertin
188. wo to three orders of magnitude faster than previous versions Import from ABAQUS Standard to ABAQUS Standard and from ABAQUS Standard to ABAQUS Explicit show remarkable performance improvements as well GENERAL ENHANCEMENTS Reference ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual e Transferring results between ABAQUS analyses overview Section 7 7 1 2 14 VIEWPORT ANNOTATIONS AND TOOLS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now create arrow and text viewport annotations to clarify your model or results The annotations are saved with the model or output database and you can copy them from a model database to an output database and vice versa You can use tools in the new Viewport toolbox to create and manipulate viewports and viewport annotations Description You can create arrows and text separately and you can create an arrow annotation with a text annotation positioned at the tail of the arrow Even if you create arrow and text annotations together ABAQUS CAE saves each one separately you can move and edit them independently after you create them Arrow and text annotations are anchored to points in either viewport geometry or model geometry Depending on the anchor points that you select the annotations can move with model manipulations or with changes in viewport geometry Figure 2 9 shows two viewport annotations on a part the online version of this figure is animated to show the difference between anchoring an annotation to the viewpo
189. x 61 3 9205 0573 E mail abaqus worley com au AUSTRIA ABAQUS Austria GmbH Zinckgasse 20 22 2 13 A 1150 Vienna Austria Tel 43 1 929 16 25 0 Fax 43 1 929 16 25 20 E mail support abaqus at CHINA ABAQUS China Room A 2703 Eagle Plaza No 26 Xiao Yun Rd Beijing 100016 P R China Tel 86 01 84580366 Fax 86 01 84580360 E mail abaqus abaqus com cn FRANCE ABAQUS France SAS 7 rue Jean Mermoz Bat A 78000 Versailles Tel 33 01 39 24 15 40 Fax 33 01 39 24 15 45 E mail support abaqus fr GERMANY Munich ABAQUS Deutschland GmbH Sendlinger Tor Platz 8 D 80336 Miinchen Tel 49 89 5999 1768 Fax 49 89 5999 1767 E mail info abaqus de ITALY ABAQUS Italia s r l Via Domodossola 17 20145 Milano MI Tel 39 02 39211211 Fax 39 02 31800064 E mail info abaqus it BENELUX ABAQUS Benelux BV Huizermaatweg 576 1276 LN Huizen The Netherlands Tel 31 35 52 58 424 Fax 31 35 52 44 257 E mail support abaqus nl CZECH REPUBLIC Synerma s r 0 Huntirov 58 468 22 Skuhrov Czech Republic Tel 420 603 145 769 Fax 420 603 181 944 E mail abaqus synerma cz GERMANY Aachen ABAQUS Deutschland GmbH Theaterstra e 30 32 D 52062 Aachen Tel 49 241 474010 Fax 49 241 4090963 E mail info abaqus de INDIA Chennai ABAQUS Engineering India Pvt Ltd 3M Prince Arcade 22 A Cathedral Road Chennai 600 086 Tel 91 44 28114624 Fax 91 44 28115087 E mail
190. x changes the display size of vector and tensor arrows Use the sliders in each dialog box to set symbol sizes between 1 and 30 the default size is 6 The sizes that you choose in the ODB Display Options and Symbol Plot Options dialog boxes are applied to all model entity symbols and to all vectors and tensors respectively in the current viewport ABAQUS CAE Usage Visualization module View ODB Display Options Entity Display Options Symbol Color amp Style Vector or Tensor References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Customizing symbol plot arrows Section 28 4 2 in the online version of this manual e Controlling the display of model entities Section 37 10 15 4 ENHANCEMENTS TO STRESS LINEARIZATION Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can now save the points in a stress line as a path create a stress line from a saved path and select the components used to compute the results and to create the X Y data Description The Stress Linearization dialog box is now divided into two tabs The Basic tab includes all the information necessary to create the stress line To define the endpoints of your stress line you can select an existing path select points from the viewport or type in values ABAQUS CAE highlights the completed line and labels the start and end in the viewport Click mouse button 3 over either endpoint in the dialog box to edit it in the viewport If you choose to save your stress line to a path ABAQUS CAE cr
191. y Section 13 4 4 6 REGENERATION OF POSITION CONSTRAINTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits After you apply a position constraint and ABAQUS CAE regenerates the assembly features such as partitions and datums move along with the part instances Description By default when ABAQUS CAE regenerates the assembly it regenerates all the position constraints before regenerating other features that might depend on the position such as partitions and datums If you are working in the assembly related modules the Feature Options dialog box includes a Constraints field that allows you to control this regeneration behavior ABAQUS CAE Usage Assembly module Feature Options References ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Creating the assembly Section 13 4 e Tuning regeneration performance Section 42 4 7 in the online version of this manual 4 7 MODELING 4 7 ANGLE QUERY Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits You can query the angle between edges and faces Description The Query toolset now includes a tool that allows you to measure the angle between two selected edges or faces or between an edge and a face ABAQUS CAE Usage Assembly module Tools Query Feature Reference ABAQUS CAE User s Manual e Understanding the role of the Query toolset Section 45 1 4 8 SKETCHER TOOLS AND ENHANCEMENTS Product ABAQUS CAE Benefits New tools and enhancements to existing tools greatly expand the functionality of the Sketc
192. y of the following approaches e acontinuum based constitutive model e auniaxial stress based constitutive model or e a constitutive model specified directly in terms of traction versus separation The first approach is typically used to model adhesive layers of finite thickness The second approach is useful in some applications involving gaskets or small adhesive patches The third approach is typically used to model cohesive layers with negligible thickness See the ABAQUS Analysis User s Manual for additional discussions comparing these approaches It is commonly desirable to model failure of bonded interfaces Cohesive elements together with progressive damage modeling capabilities can be used to model debonding and fracture at an interface without the need to introduce an initial crack although this is allowed In ABAQUS Standard damage of a cohesive layer can be modeled only if the constitutive behavior is defined directly in terms of traction versus separation plus damage initiation and evolution models whereas ABAQUS Explicit also allows for damage modeling with continuum based material models In either case the damage behavior can be specified via material properties such as fracture toughness however these models do not rely on stress intensity factor calculations Cohesive elements are particularly attractive when interface strengths are relatively weak compared to the adjoining materials There is some potential for numerical dif
193. ynamic analysis The vibration intensity vector variable INTEN used to visualize the flow of energy in a vibrating system 1s available for these procedures for structural elements solid elements and rebar layers as well as acoustic elements Finally a visualization script allows you to analyze the relative contributions of modes to sound amplitude at a point the modal contribution factors Description Element total energies densities section point energies and energy totals can be written to the output database odb file the results 11 file or the data dat file The energy quantities are defined as period totals in steady state dynamic analysis except for strain and kinetic energy which have zero totals per period Therefore strain and kinetic energy are reported as root mean square averages over a period 15 19 OUTPUT AND VISUALIZATION The vibration intensity variable INTEN is a vector quantity available as element output from the output database For general steady state vibration it is complex valued for real only steady state vibration it is purely imaginary In this case however the imaginary value is stored in the output database as real In complicated analysis of vibrating structural acoustic systems such as passenger vehicles determination of the modes that contribute the most to the acoustic response at a given point is of critical interest In ABAQUS this can be achieved by performing a coupled eigenfreque

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