MZ-250, S-1200 CS-1400 & UV-2800
Contents
1. CLEARWATER TECH MODEL 585 1200 19 75 _ Ozone Outlet 2 50 Dia Ozone Reaction Chamber 16 00 Ozone Operatlon Light Power Cord Bonding Lug Access Port for Optional OAS 20 Connection CLEARWATER TECH MODEL CS 1400 CS 1400 or UV 2800 FILTER OZONE GENERATOR HEATER FLAPPER VALVE E WATER 4 H INJECTOR MANFOLD with OZONE CHECK VALVE CHECK VALVE OZONE OUTLET CLEARWATER TECH MODEL UV 2800 a 599 OZONE OPERATION LIGHTS 2 Oo m 0 0 lu COOLING E FAN OUTET Su ACCESS PART FOR OPTIONAL OAS 20 CONNECTION BONDING LUG POWER CORD CHECK VALVE s OZONE FITTING COOLING FAN INLET CLEARWATER TECH MODEL UV 2800 Internal Component Unit Mounting Slots 2 Reaction Chamber Mounting Brackets 4 Ozone Indicator Lights 2 Housing Reaction Chambers 2 Ballast s 1 for 120V 2 for 240V Barrier Strip Lamp Holder 7 Plugs 2 Locking Rings 2 Fan Air Inlet Door Interlock Grounding Lug Access Port for Optional OAS 20 Connection Ozone Check Valve a Fan Filter Power Cord or Condulet Ozone Outlet 10 USING A2. Installation amp Maintenance Manual MZ 250 5 1200 CS 1400 amp UV 2800 Ultraviolet Ozone Generators Ozone Systems ClearWater Tech LLC Integrated Ozone Systems 850 E Capitolio Way San Luis Obispo Ca 93401 805 549 9724 Fax 805 549 0306 E mail service cwtozone com www cwtozone com Copyright 2006 ClearWater Tech LLC Reproduction of any kind is prohibited LIT500 REV 051710 This Installation Operation Manual is written to assist in the installation operation and maintenance of ozone delivery systems manufactured by ClearWater Tech LLC The Equipment has been designed using the most modern materials and technology available Please read this manual carefully and in its entirety before proceeding with any installation operation or maintenance procedure associated with this equipment Failure to follow these instructions could result in personal injury damage to the equipment or reduced product performance In an ongoing effort to improve reliability and operating efficiency ClearWater Tech may find it necessary to make changes to its products Therefore the information contained in this manual may not conform in every respect to earlier versions of ClearWater Tech ozone systems found in the field If you have any questions please contact your ClearWater Tech dealer or the ClearWater Tech service department How Ozone is Generated Ozone is generated by exposing oxygen m
3. before the lamp holder is tightened Replace the lamp holder locking ring and reinstall the plug onto the lamp the chamber clamp s by pushing in on the chamber and resnapping the click clamps Replace the unit cover and screws Caution Keep lamp free of fingerprints and dust particles by handling only the metal end caps on the lamp A dirty lamp will not allow maximum ozone output You can clean the lamp with rubbing alcohol and a soft cloth 14 TROUBLE SHOOTING CHAPTER 9 PROBLEM SYMPTON POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTION Unit does not turn on No power to unit Switch not turned on Blown fuse Cover door interlock not active UV 2800 only Check breakers Check switch Replace fuse Check door interlock switch Replace cover Unit does not stay on UV 2800 only Unit overheating Clean fan filter check fan Only one ozone chamber Lights UV 2800 only Bad lamp or ballast Switch ballast connections between chambers If opposite chamber lights replace ballast If same one lights replace lamp Water in unit or Ozone in delivery tubing Inadequate vacuum Defective check valve s Excessive back pressure on check valve Adjust injector vacuum Replace check valve s Back pressure not to exceed 40 psi if over 40 psi consult ClearWater Tech dealer Ozone smell present Inadequate vacuum Defective check valve s Defective ozone chamber Adjust injector
4. primary by product is pure oxygen ClearWater Tech ozone systems are built with the finest components available They are most efficient when used with a venturi injection system to create the best possible contact and mixing of ozone while maintaining a high level of safety UNPACKING and INSPECTION Shipping Terms Unless special arrangements have been made the ozone equipment will be shipped FOB ClearWater Tech s factory in San Luis Obispo CA The freight charges will be prepaid and billed or shipped freight collect Transfer of liability by the freight line Freight Inspection All equipment should be thoroughly inspected immediately upon delivery If any damage is noticed promptly notify the freight line and request an on site inspection Unpacking Compare the components with the packing list Thoroughly inspect all packing materials prior to discarding Inspect all plumbing fittings and tubing for packing material inadvertently lodged in any openings MOUNTING Pick a location as close to the injector as possible to mount the ozone generator While the ozone generator enclosures are rain tight it is best to pick a location out of the sun and rain On the back top side of the enclosure are mounting holes the unit can be attached to a wall using these mounting holes CLEARWATER TECH MODEL MZ 250 Ozone Outlet Bars Fitting Ozone Operation Light Blue When On Ozone Reaction Charnber Access Port fon back
5. 0 20 times detergents and pesticides phenols VOCs turbidity Y more soluble than oxygen at 68 F control and microflocculation of soluble organics Benefits of Ozone Use Ozone is generated on site no transportation or storage is required The most powerful oxidizer commercially available very effective for disinfection and oxidation without handling problems Ozone creates no potentially harmful by products such as THMs the only by product is oxygen Ozone leaves no telltale taste or odor References1 Water Quality Association Dzone for POU POE and Small Water System Water Treatment SAFETY INFORMATION SAFETY WARNINGS Two aspects of ClearWater Tech ozone generators represent potential dangers ozone gas and high voltage electricity Ozone Gas WARNING HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF OZONE GAS ARE DANGEROUS TO HUMANS LOW CONCENTRATIONS CAN CAUSE IRRITATION TO THE EYES THROAT AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ClearWater Tech corona discharge ozone generators are designed to operate under a vacuum condition While this would normally prevent ozone gas from escaping into the atmosphere entering the equipment area should be avoided if ozone gas is detected Ozone has a very distinctive odor and is detectable at very low concentrations 0 02 ppm which is far below OSHA s maximum permissible exposure level of 0 1 ppm High Voltage WARNING CLEARWATER TECH OZONE GENERATORS OPERATE AT HI
6. 0VAC 60 Hz for S 1200 N A T1 N A N A BL30SA Ballast electronic 120VAC 60 Hz for UV 2800 N A N A N A 1 BL60SA Ballast thermally protected self starting 240VAC 60 Hz fo CS 1400 0V 2800 e Eaa N A dis 2 FA20 Cooling Fan Filter menn N A N A N A 1 MZ 250 SPECIFICATIONS ENERGY REQUIRED eer o eH p t ee ua 105 VAC MIN 125 VAC MAX 350 AMP POWER CONSUMPTION ae e ee REED E PEERS Pega tau 38 WATTS BRATED3 3 2 mene iciatis peti be tei ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANKS UP TO 250 GALLONS AVERAGE LAMP LIFE Meares 9 000 HOURS LAMP WAVELENGTH cioa otc th teorie etre E edt ee dose ege eode 185 nm DIMENSION Since p ape ur va te Eee Ree 11 00 H x 4 75 W x 4 25 D SHIPPING WEIGHT icc iicet e tenete run Let een e eve nln geld alien ate b er reet rU Lad mea ei aie 5 LBS S 1200 SPECIFICATIONS ENERGY REQUIRED S 1200 110 105VAC MIN 125VAC MAX 640 AMP ENERGY REQUIRED S 1200 240 210VAC MIN 245V MAX 320AMP POWER CONSUMPTION cto mta E trm du EUR Maus 40 WATTS RATED bee Y eines ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANKS UP TO 500 GALLONS AVER
7. AGE LAMP DIFE LO ERE tanga e OOo veg nier usd dem dco 9 000 HOURS LEAMP WAVELENGTE ineo HP oed eto eoi e ett D etes D ri d 185 nm DIMENSIGONSS 331 nter rra tesi ne te eat 19 75 H x 7 50 W x 4 25 D SHIPPING WEIGHT ES 7 LBS CS 1400 SPECIFICATIONS ENERGY REQUIRED 120V ssssssseee e een 105VAC MIN 125VAC MAX 60HZ 0 8 AMP FOWER CONSUMPTION rem 96 WATTS RATED GEOR ioka a O E A ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANKS UP TO 1000 GALLONS AVERAGE LAMP LIFE Sy aes 9 000 HOURS CAMP WAVELENGTH eno TEE 185 nm DIMEN thanx colto o taa EE Cr ER UHR RU sian Pod tI po Ur PR RECON Ee A 31 25 H x 7 5 W x 4 25 D SHIPPING WEIGHT 1rd telnet Db e AE ERLE Geld ee EEN eder ag e eae vene cur e va e ut de cede dap nd edd 15 LBS UV 2800 SPECIFICATIONS ENERGY REQUIRED UV 2800 120 105VAC MIN 125VAC MAX 60HZ 1 6 AMP ENERGY REQUIRED UV 2800 240 210VAC MIN 245V MAX 60HZ 0 8 AMP POWER CONSUMPTION fis aci teer eo dene e ae eo ar nu a red de Va E a ait ae PUn aUe denis 192 WATTS RATED FOR sitienti pte ctp ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANKS UP TO 2500 GALLONS AVERAGE LAMP LIF Enrico tisrin deep tue iate EAEAN o dou ea TN ER DR PAALA ANA adde Devo e Vene 9 000 HOURS LAMP WAVELENGTH A sire discendo ostentat ee teo
8. GH VOLTAGES DO NOT TAMPER WITH OR DELIBERATELY BYPASS THE COVER OR SAFETY SWITCHES BUILT INTO THE OZONE GENERATOR UNLESS INSTRUCTED TO DO SO BY THIS MANUAL IF CONTACT IS MADE WITH OPERATING HIGH VOLTAGE COMPONENTS ELECTRIC SHOCK WILL OCCUR ClearWater Tech corona discharge ozone generators take line voltage and convert it to 48 VDC A transformer then takes that current and boosts the voltage While each ozone generator has a cover switch and other safety interlocks proper care must be used by a qualified electrician when making any internal adjustments or performing any maintenance procedures IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS When installing and using this electrical equipment basic safety precautions including the following should always be followed 1 READ AND FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS N 3 All electrical connections should be made by a licensed qualified electrician 4 Before attempting any electrical connections be sure all power is off at the main circuit breaker 5 Install all electrical equipment at least five feet from any open body of water using non metallic plumbing 6 Install check valves and a vacuum break to prevent water from contacting the electrical equipment 7 The electrical supply for this product must include a suitably rated switch or circuit breaker to open all ungrounded supply conductors to comply with Section 422 20 of the National Electrical Code ANSI NFPA 70 1987 The d
9. N SCFH GAUGE Must be ordered separately An SCFH Standard Cubic Feet per Hour gauge is used to accurately measure the amount of air flowing through the ozone delivery line This affects the amount of ozone being injected into the water 1 Install the tube fitting into the upper hole on the back side of the SCFH gauge 2 With the pump running disconnect the tubing from the ozone outlet of the ozone generator and connect the tubing to the fitting on the gauge 3 While holding the gauge vertically read the amount indicated on the gauge The optimum flow is 10 to 20 SCFH NOTE Do not obstruct the bottom air hole on the gauge 4 ClearWater Tech injector manifolds have a ball valve to adjust the amount of flow To adjust the SCFH simply install the gauge as described above and open the ball valve completely With the pump running begin closing the ball valve until optimum flow is achieved on the SCFH gauge If possible remove the ball valve handle to prevent tampering Attach ozone line bv KEEP GAUGE VERTICAL NW wn a a m o Injector Manifold With Check Valve Do not block Lower hole ELECTRICAL WIRING The object is to have the ozone generator come on whenever the pump comes on for filtration or circulation The installation should be done by a licensed electrician All local codes must be observed There are several ways to wire the ozone generator 1 To a timer 2 To a ser
10. PRO 10 12 14 i E i M Circulation Pump j 5 mu Unions am Isolation valve Isolation valve ORP Probe 12 Typical pressurized installation for water treatment or odor control system Mount the OAS 20 and the ozone generator adjacent to each other on a sheltered surface 2 Remove the cover mounting screws on the ozone generator and locate the barbed air inlet fitting at the bottom of the UV lamp chambers See the unit illustrations earlier in this manual 3 Cut a length of 1 4 braided tubing provided and attach between the air outlet fitting on the OAS 20 and the barbed inlet air fitting on the ozone generator 4 Connect the remaining 1 4 braided tubing to the barbed fitting on the ozone outlet of the ozone generator the check valve on the UV 2800 5 Connect the opposite end of this tubing to the ozone dispersion ring and place in the bottom of the tank running the tubing above the water level of the tank 6 Plug the ozone generator power cord into the switched outlet on the OAS 20 T To initiate operation set the timer by rotating the blue timer dial clockwise to indicate the current time of day Pull outward on the blue tabs to indicate the current time of day Pull outward on the blue tabs to engage the Air source at the indicated time for 30 minutes per tab ClearWater Tech Air Outlet Air Source Timer jJ 120 VAC Ozone Dispersion Ring 13 MAINTENANCE The Ozo
11. arranty This warranty does not extend to any product and or part from which the factory assigned serial number has been removed or which has been damaged or rendered defective as a result of An accident misuse alteration or abuse An act of God such as flood earthquake hurricane lightning or other disaster resulting only from the forces of nature Normal wear and tear e Operation outside the usage parameters stated in the product user s manual Check valve solenoid valve failure Use of parts not sold by CWT Damage which may occur during shipping Service or unit modification not authorized by CWT Failure to meet service requirements as outlined in the I amp O manual Obtaining Service Under the Warranty Any product and or part not performing satisfactorily may be returned to CWT for evaluation A Return Goods Authorization RGA number must first be obtained by either calling or writing your local authorized dealer distributor or CWT direct prior to shipping the product The problem experienced with the product and or part must be clearly described The RGA number must appear prominently on the exterior of the shipped box es The product and or part must be packaged either in its original packing material or in comparable and suitable packing material if the original is not available You are responsible for paying shipping charges to CWT and for any damages to the product and or part that may occur during shipment It is
12. d screws Caution Keep lamp free of fingerprints and dust particles by only handling the metal end caps on the lamp You can clean the lamp with rubbing alcohol and a soft cloth A dirty lamp will not allow maximum ozone output Ozone Lamp Pt 1 20 Rubber Bushing Handle Ozone Lamp by end cap not by glass Electrical Plug Lamp Holder Locking Ring 2 pieces Ozone Cell Replacing the UV 2800 Lamps See illustration above Lamps are available from your ClearWater Tech distributor should replacement be needed Simply turn off the power remove the six screws on the cover and remove the cover Push in on the ultraviolet chamber and unsnap the click clamps holding the chamber in place Lift the end of the chamber up to clear the end of the unit Disconnect the plug on the end of the ozone lamp s to be replaced Using a pair of pliers or channel locks loosen the lamp holder locking ring from around the end of lamp Remove the lamp by grasping the rubber bushing around the end of the lamp and pulling it and the lamp straight out Remove the rubber bushing from the lamp and install it on your new lamp making sure the outer edge of the bushing is flush with the outer edge of the end cap on the lamp Slide the lamp back into the reaction chamber IMPORTANT There is a depression in the other end of the chamber for centering the lamp within the chamber Care must be taken to make sure the lamp is centered into this depression
13. dioere adt vtto mde er godes Desert add e EE EU M pectine 185 nm DIMENSIONS o armii aeta reet a aa dais Pet aee eei e e eru e ew d 32 H x 8 5 W x 3 5 D SHIPPING WEIGHT et tette t ne s E Se Deren nera eet pr o t veta repo der bb bestes 25 LBS ClearWater Tech LL C Limited One Year Warranty Summary of the Warranty ClearWater Tech LLC makes every effort to assure that its products meet high quality and durability standards and warrants the products it manufactures against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one 1 year commencing on the date of original shipment from CWT with the following exceptions 1 The warranty period shall begin on the installation date if the installation is performed within 90 days of the original shipment from CWT 2 The warranty period shall begin on the date of the bill of sale to the end user if the installation date is more 90 days after the original shipment date To validate the warranty a warranty card accompanied by a copy of the bill of sale must be returned to CWT and must include the following information End user name Complete address including telephone number Date installed Complete model and serial number information Name of company from which the unit was purchased Repairs and replacement parts provided under this warranty shall carry only the unexpired portion of this warranty or 90 days whichever is longer Items Excluded from the W
14. isconnecting means must be readily accessible to the operator s but installed at least five feet from any open body of water 8 Conforming with all local state and national electrical codes properly bond ground the HDO system using the copper bonding lug on the bottom of the ozone generator 9 The system should be sized appropriately for its intended use by a qualified professional familiar with the application This equipment must be validated by the manufacturer for its intended use INSTALLATION ULTRAVIOLET UV OZONE SYSTEMS Ozone is manufactured in the UV ozone generator by drawing in air which is composed of 20 oxygen O2 and exposing it to the radiation of a specific wavelength from a specially designed ultraviolet lamp This causes a percentage of the oxygen molecules to dissociate and reassemble as ozone The ozone is drawn into the water by an injector mixer killing any bacteria viruses or mold spores it contacts Ozone is generated on site eliminating the need to store toxic and corrosive chemicals The corona discharge method is the most efficient way to produce large amounts of ozone 3 O2 2 0 Chemical Formula simplified for Corona Discharge Ozone ClearWater Tech ozone systems are capable of oxidizing iron sulfide manganese and act as an efficient sanitizer in a variety of applications Ozone reacts to water borne contaminants significantly faster than other disinfectants and the
15. med for any incidental or consequential damages this includes any damage to another product or products resulting from such a defect Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages so that above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you Legal Remedies of Purchaser This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES ALL OTHERS PROVIDED TO YOU AT ANY PRIOR TIME 17
16. ne Lamp s Caution Never look at the unshielded ozone lamp while operating the unit This lamp can cause severe eye and skin damage There is an indicator light which will turn blue in color when the unit is operating The lamps each have a 9 000 hour life expectancy On commercial installations we recommend replacing the lamps every 12 to 18 months Replacing the MZ 250 S 1200 or CS 1400 Lamp See illustration below Lamps are available from your ClearWater Tech distributor should replacement be needed Simply turn off the power remove the two screws on the power pack cover and remove the cover Disconnect the plug on the end of the ozone lamp Using a pair of pliers or channel locks loosen the lamp holder locking ring from around end of lamp by turning it counterclockwise and remove it Remove the lamp by grabbing the rubber bushing around the end of the lamp and pulling it straight out Remove the rubber bushing from the lamp and install it on your new lamp making sure the outer edge of the bushing is flush with the outer edge of the silver end cap on the lamp Now slide the lamp back into the reaction chamber IMPORTANT There isa depression in the other end of the chamber for centering the lamp within the chamber Care must be taken to make sure the lamp is inserted into this depression before the lamp holder is tightened The lamp holder may now be reinstalled and tightened Reinstall the plug onto the lamp and replace the power pack cover an
17. olecules O2 in an air stream to a controlled high energy electrical 02 Ozone 03 field As the air stream passes through the electrical EA ey field produced inside the ozone generator some 02 77 03 oxygen molecules are split forming single oxygen i atoms 01 These oxygen atoms then recombine with Electrical Field R P other O2 molecules in the air stream forming ozone GO N 03 EN 0 01 lt 0 way Properties of Ozone Ozone is the most powerful oxidizer available that can be safely used in water treatment 1 It is used to treat drinking water bottled water swimming pool water wastewater food and beverage processing water and in many other applications Ozone is effective in performing the following water treatment functions Disinfection Bacterial disinfection inactivation Molecular 48 of viruses and cysts Weight Odor Readily detectable at concentrations above 0 02 ppm Oxidation of Inorganics Precipitates iron manganese sulfides nitrites and organically bound iri o nne generator cell butozone ajr mixture Color exiting generator is invisible even at high ozone heavy metals concentrations 2 144 grams liter at 32 F approx 150 that of Gas Density Oxidation of Organics Including organics causing color taste and odor problems some Solubility Only partially soluble in water but about 1
18. ould inlet from the bottom of the tank and return to the bottom of tank forcing the water in a circular pattern even if the piping must extend over from the top of the tank to the bottom 4 If an ORP monitor is to be used for ozone residual indication or control the sensor should be mounted between the tank isolation valve and the pump inlet This is also a good location for a flow meter Observe the manufacturers recommendations for flow meter installation 5 Depending on water quality and ozone generator size a 24 hour timer or delay timer is a useful accessory For additional information on tank turnover times alternate techniques or accessories consult your ClearWater Tech representative ee Style A Circulator Do 1 Style B Circulator Reverse Osmosis and Doi Treatment and Storage Water Storage Tanks Tanks Up to 20 00 Gallons Up to 1500 Gallons eee Isolation Valve TX n Isolation Valve From zone from Ozone generator Ozone generator i ERN s Y eid Low Pressure b J Check Valve ul ClearWater Tech
19. recommended that you insure the shipment for the amount you originally paid for the product and or part If after the product and or part is returned prepaid and evaluated by CWT it proves to be defective while under warranty CWT will at its election either repair or replace the defective product and or part and will return ship at lowest cost transportation prepaid to you except for shipments going outside the 50 states of the United States of America If upon inspection it is determined that there is no defect or that the damage to the product and or part resulted from causes not within the scope of this limited warranty then you must bear the cost of repair or replacement of damaged product and or part and all return freight charges Any unauthorized attempt by the end user to repair CWT manufactured products without prior permission shall void any and all warranties For service contact your authorized dealer or distributor or CWT direct at 805 549 9724 extension 23 Exclusive Warranty There is no other expressed warranty on CWT products and or parts Neither this warranty nor any other warranty expressed or implied including any implied warranties or merchantability of fitness shall extend beyond the warranty period Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts so that the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you Disclaimer of Incidental and Consequential Damages No responsibility is assu
20. vacuum Inspect and tighten fittings Replace chamber 15 REPLACEMENT PARTS QUANTITY REQUIRED PART DESCRIPTION MZ 250 S 1200 CS 1400 UV 2800 PAB2O Parts Bag includes 1 4 Kynar amp Check Valve 1 4 barb x 3 8 threaded Kynar Fitting 5 LR N A N A PAB15 Parts Bag same as PAB20 above plus Hose Clamps 3 N A N A doses 1 CKV60 1 4 Kynar Check Valve included in Parts Bags above deas q s T us 2 DLV25 Ozone Delivery Line 1 4 clear tubing sss 20 20 20 20 CKV20 1 4 threaded Kynar Check Valve installed on ozone outlet of UV 2800 ONY ikoro emere N A N A N A 1 LAAO OZone Lamp for MZ 250 ees Ep reete ele er t bee dcs N A N A N A LANS ne Ozone 5 1200 teatri ERES LA25 Ozone Lamp s for CS 1400 amp 2800 N A N A jp 2 BL45SA Ballast thermally protected self starting 120VAC 60 Hz for MZ 25 N A N A N A BL25SA Ballast thermally protected self starting 120VAC 60 Hz for 71200 C 51400 itii teint ten Ser vate sre ax Dena SERRE Ree beat N A diis Tn N A BL55SA Ballast thermally protected self starting 24
21. vice disconnect 3 Directly to the electrical panel The ozone generator is available in 120 volts and 240 volts Be sure to install the proper system for your application Before attempting any electrical hookup be sure the power is OFF at the main circuit box To hard wire a 120V system Run the black hot wire to the hot terminal on the timer service disconnect or electrical panel Run the white neutral wire to a neutral terminal or buss bar Then run the ground wire to a ground terminal or buss bar To hard wire a 240V system Run the black wire to one of the hot terminals on the timer service disconnect or electrical panel and run the red wire to the other hot terminal Run the green wire to ground BONDING REQUIREMENTS You must install a ground lead from the bonding lug on the bottom left of the unit to a natural earth ground This bonding wire should conform to all local state and national electrical codes The standard recommendation is a 8 AWG copper wire 11 ee INSTALLATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC TANK RECIRCULATION SYSTEM When ClearWater Tech ozone generator units are to be used for atmospheric tank recirculation observe all general installation steps and electrical connection instructions 2 On an ozonated recirculation system all pumps and venturis should be protected by valves and unions to facilitate servicing In general low pressure check valves may be used on the venturi 3 A typical recirculation system sh
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