Solar Powered Smart Blind - School of Electrical and Computer
Contents
1. read the value from pbUp return 5 if iTime HIGH while iTime HIGH iTime digitalRead pbTime read the value from pbUp return 6 return 0 void readClose reads switches that detect if blinds are closed IA digitalRead inCloseA read the value from the sensor digitalRead inCloseB read the value from the sensor void blindUp closes blinds in one direction for 10 steps if smPosition lt smUpLimit stepping 10 1 smPosition 10 void blindDown closes blinds in one direction for 10 steps ECE4007L04 34 If smPosition gt smDownLimit stepping 10 0 smPosition 10 void blindUpFull fully closes blinds in one direction stepPosition smUpLimit void blindDownFull fully closes blinds in one direction stepPosition smDownLimit void blindHalf opens blinds to half way position stepPosition smUpLimit4smDownLimit 2 void LCD int val turns LCD on off and initializes temperature sensor if val 1 LCDon 1 digitalW rite outLCD HIGH readTempBegin delay 100 getClock LCDupdate LED 0 if val 0 LCDon 0 digitalW rite outLCD LOW LED 1 void LED int val turns LED on off if val 1 digitalW rite outLED HIGH if val 0 digitalW rite outLED LOW ECE4007L04 35 void readTemp reads the temperature via 12 Wire beginTransmission2. ifrmanM odeTemp1 1 blindUp else if manM 1 2 l blindDown else if manM 1 5 mode 0 else if manM odeTemp1 6 setTime else delay 100 getClock LCDupdate void setTime sets the time and date for the system pushbuttons are constantly being read delay 100 LCDdisplay 1 5 LCDdisplay 2 6 delay 500 timeM ode 1 while timeM ode ECE4007L04 27 delay 100 setTimeTemp1 readPB if setTimeCounter 0 amp amp setTimeTemp1 3 setTimeTemp1 4 setTimeTemp1 6 if setTimeTemp1 1 ifrmonth 12 month 21 else month 4 1 if setTimeTemp1 2 ifrmonth 1 month 12 else month 1 LCDupdate if setTimeCounter 1 amp amp 3 setTimeTemp1 4 setTimeTemp1 6 if setTimeTemp1 1 if day 31 day 1 else 1 if setTimeTemp1 2 1 day 31 else day 1 LCDupdate if setTimeCounter 2 amp amp gt setTimeTempl 3 setTimeTemp1 4 setTimeTemp1 6 if setTimeTemp1 1 if year 99 year 0 else year 4 1 if setTimeTemp1 2 if year 0 year 99 else year 1 LCDupdate ECE4007L04 28 if setTimeCounter 3 amp amp setTimeTemp1 3 setTimeTemp1 4 setTimeTemp1 6 if setTimeTem
3. Testing Charging Implementation Control controller Documentation Components Construction Programming K evin Vo Laili Naing Oo Detailed descriptions of the important tasks in Figure 9 are as follow e Research and Order Parts involves selecting and buying components 3AM ECE4007L04 12 e Component Implementation includes attachment of the solar panel to battery recharging circuit and evaluating the photo detector sensitivity e Microcontroller Programming covered I C protocols for communication with RTC and temperature sensor voltage signal outputs for motor control information display on the LCD automation algorithms and a power saving sleep mode e Structure Fabrication has two parts construction of a window frame and the integration of all the individual components e Testing and Optimization encompasses discovering unexpected problems with the SPSB system and solving these problems 3AM ECE4007L04 13 Ple 4 aupee A polg om 585810014 30 E g 8n 918 PUSI Awa muung rri 1105 Rr QT gus YSEL 0 x 60 9 UON SYM z uopeziundo pue Dugsa x COL GO DEME LOM AM Bumuno juavodwo x x 6010 8 0 e fcuoy SYN Z uoyonsuoy mopum E zi x 6 4 uoneauqe 1n 9nuls x 6 6002 05 BODL
4. Care must be taken whenever operating equipment that requires electrical power Constraints e Complexity of wireless communication e Better user interface requires more energy consumption ECE4007L04 11 Alternatives e AC power source adds carbon waste e Remote controlled blinds requires wireless communication amp user Inputs e Functionality of roll up blinds is simplistic The AC power source was utilized for the final demonstration to ensure the correct operation of the SPSB system and using the AC power source violated our initial design objective but with a constant power supply the SPSB system was fully demonstrated with out any problems Tradeoffs e Reliable power source from an AC outlet e Reduced cost of manufacturing e Engineering simplicity 5 Schedule Tasks and M ilestones The project was divided into eight specific tasks shown in T able 4 Every task was collectively completed by at least two group members Each group member was given four tasks except the team leader who was fully involved in every process of the entire design tasks The entire process of project completion was scheduled into five milestones The corresponding tasks and the allotted time associated with each milestone are shown in the Gantt chart in Figure 9 The entire design team was successful at following the drawn task schedule Table 4 Individual Group M ember T asks T asks Solar Photo detector M otor M icro W ebsite and C Prototype
5. The environment is written in Java and based on Processing AVR GCC and other open source software 4 Minimization of power consumption was necessary since the SPSB system did not require high operational power supply Therefore various sleep modes were not utilized The ECE4007L04 6 rechargeable batteries used in powering of the SPSB system included 12V as listed in T able 3 The recharging process was achieved during the day time but the system also consume solar power when needed 5 The SPSB system is operational during the day time and remained in power down state during the night time to limit power consumption The real time clock RTC and the photoresistor readings were used to check the time to power off the SPSB system during night time Voltage Requirement 12 Volts Full Charging Time 3 Hours mA Hour Rating 230mAh Chargeable Quantity 1000 times Memory Effect No memory effect M otorized amp M anual Adjustments The software written for the solar blind system was able to operate autonomously and it was able to take in user manual controls Signals from the Arduino microcontroller were sent to the stepper motor control driver to adjust the blinds Initially to achieve physical aesthetics the stepper motor was to be mounted inside the frame of the blind but with limited time a design change was implemented to complete a working prototype by the end of April Original stepper motor mounting plan and the f
6. all the electric blinds introduced thus far do not have self sustaining capability as they depend on external power or batteries to operate 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONAND GOALS Window blinds in homes have to be manually adjusted throughout the day to account for changes from outside luminescence and temperature conditions Solar Powered Smart Blind is a microcontroller embedded system that automatically adjusts itself in real time to account for variations between indoor and outdoor luminescence conditions The automation of the SPSB system is accomplished by making use of photo sensors integrated into the blinds The power supply for the system is recharged with solar panels attached to the window to capture maximum sunlight A detailed depiction of the finished SPSB system prototype can be seen in Figure 1 Battery Pack Stepper otor Figure 1 Component Integrated SPSB system prototype 3AM ECE4007L04 2 The goal of the SPSB system is to fully automate the process of adjusting window blinds throughout the day based on a user provided input mode SPSB adopters should be able to select a luminescence intensity level from a combination of directional buttons and push buttons that serves as a user input interface Marketable consumers include senior citizens disabled people home automation enthusiasts and individuals who are willing to adopt environment friendly smart devices The SPSB system was designed with the followin
7. 3AM ECE4007L04 3 Mode User Interface Input Output The original user controls designed for the SPSB system included light intensity mode select manual override window blind open close button and a LCD display for data representation The originally planned user interface device and the actual designed device can be seen in Figure 2 The functionalities of button and dials successfully transmitted to the Arduino microcontroller for processing The mounting mechanics for the interface box was eliminated for the prototype to improve the demonstration of the product Figure 2 also shows the temperature reading for the room done with a DS1621 C chip that is mounted on the outside of the user control device for accurate temperature sensing of the room T able 2 describes the button functions of the interface device The button functionalities for the interface box were fully integrated using push buttons but the rotary dial was removed for the difficulty it provided In the construction of the interface box ECE4007L04 4 02 14 2009 12 00 Mode Bright IndoorTemp 27 68 Manual Overrid 3421289 TUE AUT 06 44 Directional Buttons Override Figure 2 Originally planned interface box top and actual designed interface box bottom Controls Function Mode Select Initially Proposed Selects brightness mode Manual Override Overrides the microcontroller s automatic mode for use
8. 7 MARKETING AND COST ANALYSIS 7 1 Marketing Analysis The SPSB product will be available to every person but the main goal is primarily aimed at two distinct groups handicapped elderly and home automation enthusiasts The self maintained product comes with built in modes that continuously adjust the blinds autonomously 3AM ECE4007L04 15 The handicapped and elderly may benefit from these smart blinds since a great majority of these individuals are unable to manually adjust the blinds The home automation enthusiasts will enjoy this additional device to their home There are no available products in the market that are identical to the SPSB system The closest competitive product is not autonomous The Hunter Douglas PowerRise Honeycomb Cellular Shades is one of the competitive blinds These blinds require the user to adjust the blinds with a remote control The competitive blinds system is battery powered and priced at 100 or more 9 Other competitive products work similarly requiring the user to adjust the blinds with various user interfaces control box remote control The SPSB system contains manual operation in addition to automatic operation Solar panels charge batteries which 1s the power source for the system These features are not integrated into any competitive product 7 2 Cost Analysis The overall cost analysis for the SPSB system did not change from what was originally calculated in the initial proposal The development
9. Earth s surface delivers 10 000 times more energy than we consume said Ted Sargent an electrical and computer engineering professor at the University of Toronto Sargent is one of the inventors of the new plastic material If we could cover 0 1 percent of the Earth s surface with very efficient large area solar cells he said we could in principle replace all of our energy habits with a source of power which is clean and renewable Infrared Power Plastic solar cells are not new But existing materials are only able to harness the sun s visible light While half of the sun s power lies in the visible spectrum the other half lies in the infrared spectrum The new material 15 the first plastic composite that 15 able to harness the infrared portion Everything that s warm gives off some heat Even people and animals give off heat Sargent said So there actually is some power remaining in the infrared spectrum even when it 3AM ECE4007L04 43 appears to us to be dark outside The researchers combined specially designed nano particles called quantum dots with a polymer to make the plastic that can detect energy the infrared With further advances the new plastic could allow up to 30 percent of the sun s radiant energy to be harnessed compared to 6 percent in today s best plastic solar cells said Peter Peumans a Stanford University electrical engineering professor who studied the work Electrical Sweaters The new
10. Smart Blind system was successfully built tested and demonstrated on the date of April 22 2009 3AM ECE4007L04 Solar Powered Smart Blind 1 INTRODUCTION 11 Objective The purpose of the Solar Powered Smart Blind SPSB system is to provide convenient automated control of the amount of sunlight that is let through depending on the time of the day and the light intensity Utilizing solar power to sustain its operation via batteries the system will also incorporate digital displays of time and temperature The SPSB system is the integration of modern electronic control circuitry with ordinary window blind sold in department stores and furniture outlets The overall emphasis of the SPSB system 15 to provide user friendly home electronics and appliances 1 2 Motivation Energy consumption is an enormous concern in the 21 century The SPSB system can provide convenience while using energy that comes directly from the sun It is particularly complimentary to people with limited mobility such as the disabled and senior citizens Although the system will be more expensive than the currently available blinds there will still be a profitable market for the product within the middle and upper class If a device is within purchasing power people are willing to incur a higher cost so that they may avoid performing trivial acts in this case turning the blinds every day Examples of this tendency can be commonly seen in the household from dishwa
11. design and a five year marketing plan of the SPSB system is estimated to cost 72 020 Table 5 shows the material design labor and marketing costs M aterial Cost 168 Design Labor Cost 46 700 M arketing 5 Years 25 000 Total Project Cost 71 968 The working product is to be mass produced and is expected to be sold at major home hardware stores Material cost is expected to be reduced from 168 to 150 per SPSB system if parts and components are purchased in quantities of thousands The labor cost to assemble and test the product by a third party is expected to be 10 per SPSB system The projected profit per system is 15 The resulting retail price is 175 Over a period of five years it is expected to sell 40 000 units yielding a profit of over half a million dollars The profit will cover the total project design cost with over 500 000 left for design improvements Individual detailed costs are located in Appendix B 3AM ECE4007L04 16 8 SUMMARY The design group was successful at designing testing and demonstration of the SPSB system by the end of April 2009 as initially promised The prototype was fully designed with all the components and technologies promised in the initial proposal with the exception of the stepper motor mounting and the power management system The working algorithm and code for the SPSB system is available in the Appendix C In the future the SPSB system components and subsystem could be
12. on playgrounds improving outdoor air quality through increased carpooling efforts and working to improve indoor air quality 5 Nationalize the principles of responsible paper consumption Consider purchasing post consumer recycled paper and office products Use technology to communicate electronically as much as possible Seek ways to provide Internet access to all school families 3AM ECE4007L04 20 APPENDIX B DETAILED COST ANALYSIS Component C ost Parts Unit Price Quantity Cost Shipping Stepper M otor w Driver 25 l 25 5 Solar Panels Rechargeable Batteries 24 16x2 Character LCD Serial 2C SPI RS232 TTL 15 24 Cat5e Ethernet Wire W ires Buttons Various Sizes and 22 7 TOTAL PARTSCOST 150 Design amp Labor Cost ECE4007L04 21 Design Rate Hours Persons Involved Lectures and M eetings 50 hr 136 4 Research Design R eports Presentations 50 hr 50 4 Programming 75 hr 20 Naing Marco Assembling Prototype 75 hr 30 Lai Kevin T esting T roubleshooting 50 hr 20 Naing Marco Cost 27 200 10 000 3 000 4 500 2 000 Total Design Cost 46 700 M arketing C ost Advertisement M edium Cost Television Commercials 16 3 000 Newspaper Adds 1 000 Internet 500 Special Event 500 Total M arketing Cost Per Year 5 000 3AM ECE4007L04 22 APPENDIX C SOLAR SMART BLIND SYSTEM CODE Solar Powered Smart Blinds System 111 04 DK 1 Professor
13. stepping 10 0 readClose blindHalf smStepRange smUpLimit smDownLimit 100 smStepRange smStepRange 10 void autoSet finds the position where maximum sunlight enters the room once in automatic mode ECE4007L04 30 stepPosition smDownLimit readSensors autoStep 0 autoOldVal iFrontAvg autoCounter 1 for autoCounter autoCounter lt 10 autoCounter readSensors autoNewVal FrontAvg if autoNewVal gt autoOldVal autoStep autoCounter autoOldVal autoNewVal stepPosition autoCounter smStepRange smDownLimit stepPosition autoStep smStepRange smDownLimit void autoAdjust 11 constantly gradually adjusts the blinds if needed in automatice mode readSensors autoValO iFrontAvg autoStepl autoStep 1 autoStep2 autoStep 1 stepPosition autoStep1 smStepRange smDownLimit readSensors autoVall iFrontAvg stepPosition autoStep2 smStepRange smDownLimit readSensors autoVal2 iFrontAvg if autoVall gt autoVal0 amp amp autoVall gt autoVal2 autoStep autoStep1 if autoVal2 gt autoVal0 amp amp autoVal2 gt autoVall autoStep autoStep2 stepPosition autoStep smStepRange smDownLimit void stepping int steps int dir movesthe stepper motor specified steps in specified direction j if dir 1 digitalWrite smDir LOW if dir 0 digitalWrite smDir HIGH for stepCounter 0 stepCounter steps
14. value from pbRight iM ode digitalRead pbM ode read the value from pbM ode digitalRead pbTime read the value from pbTime If iUp 3AM ECE4007L04 32 while iUp HIGH return 1 iUp digitalRead pbUp read the value from pbUp if iDown HIGH while iDown HIGH return 2 iDown digitalRead pbDown read the value from pbUp HIGH while iLeft HIGH digitalRead pbLeft read the value from pbUp un 3 if iRight HIGH while iRight HIGH IRight digitalRead pbRight read the value from pbUp 4 if iM ode HIGH while iM ode return 5 iM digitalRead pbMode read the value from pbUp if iTime HIGH while iTime HIGH iTime digitalRead pbTime read the value from pbUp return 6 return 0 ECE4007L04 33 int readPBman reads the pushbuttons for manual mode iUp digitalRead pbUp read the value from pbUp iDown digitalRead pbDown read the value from pbDown iLeft digitalRead pbLeft read the value from pbLeft iRight digitalRead pbRight read the value from pbRight ode digitalRead pbM ode read the value from pbM ode digitalRead pbTime read the value from pbTime If iUp return 1 if iDown return 2 if iM ode HIGH while iM ode HIGH iM digitalRead pbMode
15. 1 0 month 10 0 LCD_LINE1 1 month 10 0 void LCDwkDay updates the weekday position in LCD strings if wkDay 1 ECE4007L04 38 LCD_LINE1 9 S LCD_LINE1 10 U LCD_LINE1 11 N if wkDay 2 LCD 1 9 M LCD_LINE1 10 O LCD_LINE1 11 N if wkDay 3 LCD_LINE1 9 T LCD LINE1 10 U LCD LINE1 11 E if wkDay 4 LCD_LINE1 9 W LCD_LINE1 10 E LCD_LINE1 11 D if wkDay 5 LCD LINE1 9 T LCD _LINE1 10 H LCD LINE1 11 U if wkDay 6 LCD _LINE1 9 F LCD LINE1 10 R LCD LINE1 11 z l if wkDay 7 LCD_LINE1 9 S LCD_LINE1 10 A LCD LINE1 11 T void LCDday updates the day position in LCD strings LCD LINE1 3 day 10 0 LCD LINE1 4 day 10 0 ECE4007L04 void LCDyear updates the year position in LCD strings LCD_LINE1 6 10 0 LCD_LINE1 7 year 10 0 void LCDmanaut updates the manual automatic position in LCD strings ifrmode 0 LCD LINE1 13 LCD LINE1 14 U LCD LINE1 15 T ifrmode 1 LCD LINE1 13 M LCD LINE1 14 A LCD LINE1 15 N void LCDhour updates the hour position in LCD strings if hour lt 12 if hour 0 LCD LINE2 0 1 LCD LINE2 1 2 else LCD LINE2 0 hour 10 0 LCD L
16. E apop daag Bues jemog E E B h BOWEN SAM unguofrv Suysnipy EC x 1 1600005 BOLT UO AM 121 mj t 91 60 04 606 0 011U0 100 E 60 9605 SUogearunuuo 22 E BOSE PaM JajoJ1uo20J21U E 6002714 606 00 sez zl 60 2244 BOGE UO pnag Huibseyoay 1805 F amp UOZILui 60 swag uopmueuejdujjusuoduo x x 1 60914 sped Japs pue u31gas li E gz sz zz 69 119116926202 8 9 ele 6007 100 6007 Yel 6002 SAWN uosSS3epeig peg 14 Figure 9 Gantt chart for project schedule 3AM ECE4007L04 6 PROJECT DEMONSTRATION The final project demonstration took place in a campus building at 10 30 AM The SPSB system as shown in Figure 10 was mounted on a window that has maximum sunlight intensity projected The demonstration included two parts a live demonstration and a recorded video demonstration Figure 10 The SPSB system installed and demonstrated on April 22 2009 Live Demonstration A successful demonstration was concluded with the SPSB system automatically adjusting the blinds to an angle where maximum sunlight enters the building room Recorded Video Demonstration A recording of a calibration mode of the solar smart blind system was shown during the presentation on April 22 2009
17. Final Report Solar Powered Smart Blind 4007 Senior Design Project Section L 04 DK 1 Naing Oo T eam L eader Marco Herrera Lai Li evin Long Vo Submitted April 30 2009 TABLEOF CONTENTS Executive Summary H 1 1 1 1 1 2 PT 1 1 3 1 2 Project Description and 5 2 ERR 3 4 Design Approach and Details 4 1 POAC E E 8 4 2 Codes un uuu na 11 4 3 Constraints Alternatives and Tradeoffs 11 5 Schedule Tasks and M 0 0 0 eene nnne 12 6 Project Demonstration Rm 15 7 Marketing and Cost nnalysiSs 15 7 1 Marketing Analysis scssi ine rise T rE aar NA REREN EEEE ESS 15 7 2 NN 16 mm m 17 9 PCP SICH E 18 APOO 20 A 6 6 10 4 gt ns 21 23 nuQ pap 43 3AM ECE4007L04 Executive Summary Solar Powered Smart Blind SPSB is
18. INE2 1 hour 10 0 Nee gt 12 if hour 12 LCD LINE2 0 1 LCD_LINE2 1 2 else 4007104 40 LCD LINE2 0 hour 12 10 0 LCD LINE2 1 hour 12 10 0 LCD LINE2 6 P void LCDminute updates the minute position in LCD strings LCD LINE2 3 minute 10 0 LCD LINE2 4 minute 10 0 void LCDtemp updates the temperature position in LCD strings readTemp LCD LINE2 12 temp 10 0 LCD_LINE2 13 temp 10 0 void setClock writes the clock variables into clock registers via I2C Wire beginTransmission RTC_addr Wire send R SECS Wire send dec2Bcd second Wire send dec2Bcd minute Wire send dec2Bca hour Wire send wkDay Wire send dec2Bcd day Wire send dec2Bcd month Wire send dec2Bcd year Wire send ctrl Wire endTransmission void getClock reads the clock registers via 2 and saves the values into decimal format Wire beginTransmission RTC_ addr Wire send R_ SECS Wire endTransmission Wire requestFrom RTC addr 8 second Wire receive minute Wire receive hour Wire receive wkDay Wire receive day Wire receive 3AM ECE4007L04 4 month Wire receive year Wire receive ctr Wire receive second second amp 0001111111 second bcd2Dec second minute bcd2Dec minute hour bcd2Dec hour day bcd2Dec day month bcd2Dec month year b
19. Keezer Marco Herrera Lai Li Naing Oo Kevin Long Vo 114 22 09 Design Project Code Revision 3 dK1 project r3 c AT START UP IT CALIBRATES THEN GOES TO MANUAL M ODE NEED TO PRESS RIGHT CIRCLE PUSHBUTTON TO SWITCH BETWEEN M ODES MANUAL M ODE YOU CAN ADJUST BLINDS WITH UP AND DOWN PUSHBUTTONS AUTOM ATIC M ODE BLINDS ADJUST AUTOMATICALLY PRESSING LEFT CIRCLE PUSHBUTTON ALLOWS YOU TO ENTER EXIT TIM E EDIT MODE REGARDLESS OF OPERATIONAL M ODE YOU CAN EDIT TIME IN TIME M ODE WITH LEFT RIGHT UP AND DOWN PUSHBUTTONS ONLY IN AUTOMATIC M ODE IS THAT THE LCD SHUTS OFF AFTER A TIME LAPSE OF NO PUSHBUTTON M OVEM ENTS include lt Wire h gt 2C ADDRESS DEFINITIONS define tempSensor addr 0x90 gt gt 1 define LCD_addr 0x50 gt gt 1 define addr 0 00 gt gt 1 char LCD LINE1 17 d char LCD LINE2 17 M F char LCD LINE3 17 M M DD YY DAY A M char LCD LINE4 17 HH MM AM char LCD LINE5 17 SET TIME char LCD LINE6 17 char LCD LINE7 17 SOLAR POWER E char LCD LINE8 17 SMART BLINDS char LCD LINE9 17 m DONE SETING TIM E char LCD LINE10 17 RTC CLOCK REGISTERS defineR SECS 0 defineR MINS 1 defineR_ HRS 2 define R WKDAY 3 defineR DATE 4 defineR MONTH 5 defineR YEAR 6 defineR SQW 7 RTC VARIABLES ECE4007L04 23 byte second 30 default gt 3 15 30AM 20 APRIL 2009 byte minute 39 byte hour 16 byte wkD
20. Up INPUT pinM ode pbDown INPUT 3AM ECE4007L04 25 pinMode pinMode pinMode pinMode pbLeft INPUT pbRight INPUT pbM ode INPUT pbTime INPUT a BLINDS CLOSED pinM ode inCloseA INPUT pinM ode inCloseB INPUT I LCD LED STEPPER MOTOR OUTPUTS pinM ode smStep OUTPUT pinM ode smDir OUTPUT pinM ode outLCD OUTPUT pinM ode outLED OUTPUT START OF SETUP LCD 1 LCD is turned on calibrate the system is calibrated void loop function ifrmode 0 automatic AUTOM ATIC M ODE ifrmode 1 manual M ANUAL M ODE void automatic manual mode the blinds open close all day as specified pushbuttons are constantly being read getClock LCDupdate autoSet delayCounter 0 while mode 0 autM odeTemp1 readPB if autM odeTemp1 gt 1 amp amp autM odeTemp1 lt 4 amp amp LCDon 0 LCD 1 delayCounter 0 else if autM odeTemp1 6 amp amp LCDon 1 setTime else if autM odeTemp1 5 amp amp LCDon 1 mode 1 else if delayCounter gt delayM ax delayCounter 0 autoAdjust ECE4007L04 26 delayCounter 1 delay 100 if LCDon getClock LCDupdate delayCounter 1 void manual manual mode user can move blinds with up down pushbuttons pushbuttons are constantly being read while mode manM odeTemp1 readPBman
21. an 23 Available HTTP http www arduino cc Amazon Inc Sony 2500 mAh AA Rechargeable Nimh Batteries Company Website cited 2009 Feb 2 Available HTTP http www amazon com Sony 2500 Rechargeable Batteries 4 pack dp BOOO7LBV HI Orangutan Lib Orangutan Hardware Company Website cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http orangutan lib sourceforge net hardware shtml IEEE Guide for the Application of Electric Motors in Class I IEEE Standard 1349 2001 IEEE guide for the protection of stationary battery systems IEEE Standard 1375 1998 Your Blinds Inc Motorized Honeycomb Cellular Shades Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www yourblinds com products cellular hunter_douglas hdcs0110 asp Modern Device Arduino Duemilanove Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www moderndevice com diecimila shtml Homer TLC Inc designview 34 In x 64 In White 2 In Grandwood Blind Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www homedepot com webapp wcs stores servlet ProductDisplay storeId 1005 1 amp l angId 1 amp catalogId 10053 amp productId 100048203 amp categoryID 501387 3AM ECE4007L04 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 Maxim Integrated Products 051621 Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www maxim ic com quick_view2 cfm qv_pk 2737 t al Maxim Integrated Products 051307 Com
22. an autonomous self sustaining window blind system The SPBS system will automatically adjust the amount of the light that gets through depending on a user preference while operating solely on solar power The reason for the construction of the SPSB system is to minimize the user interaction with blinds therefore increase living comforts There is a profitable market for automated window blinds Potential users for the Solar Powered Smart Blind system include senior citizens the disabled individuals who are willing to adopt environment friendly smart devices and home automation enthusiasts The finalized SPSB prototype will consist of four photo sensors stepper motor for controlling the blind Arduino microcontroller and a user interface device The photo sensor will transmit information to the Arduino microcontroller which will then interpret the incoming data and send necessary control signals to the stepper motor to adjust the blinds The time date room temperature and current user selected mode will be displayed on a Liquid Crystal Display LCD that is integrated into the user interface device The SPSB system will incorporate power saving algorithms to guarantee low power consumption The total cost of the Solar Powered Smart Blind system will be 72 020 with 168 spent on materials 46 700 spent on design and labor and 25 000 spent on marketing The suggested retail price of the finished product will be at 175 The working Solar Powered
23. automatic the system would detect if it is day or night If the average voltage for the outdoor light intensities went below a threshold value of 200 the system would detect night and automatically close the blinds If daytime is detected the SPSB system would turn the blinds from one extreme to the other extreme and position the blinds at the point maximum indoor luminescence 15 detected Every five minute delays the system would check the light intensity at its current position 15 degrees above and 15 degrees below and position the blinds to the position with maximum indoor luminescence The Energy Source Solar Recharging Circuit There is a 12V DC input provided by NiCad rechargeable batteries The batteries are recharge via solar cell collectors through a passive circuit that protect it from over charge The diodes act as a switch that open the charging circuit when the battery is full The recharging of 12V batteries pack is done during the daytime with a custom solar recharging circuit Various solar recharging circuits were examined and tested to implement in the final design part of the power source The final used solar recharging circuit is shown in Figure 7 3AM ECE4007L04 9 Reverse blocking diode Rechargeable Figure 7 Solar recharging implementation circuit The Integration Thel C LCD Display The SPSB system ues a text based LCD control module that allows the users to select various modes LCD screen was able to di
24. ay 3 byte day 21 byte month 4 byte year 9 byte ctrl 20x00 TEM PORARY VARIABLES byte temp1 int mode 21 0 gt Automatic 1 M anual int temp 0 TIME EDIT VARIABLES int setTimeCounter 0 int setTimeTemp1 0 int setTimeTemp2 0 int timeM ode 0 ANUAL M ODE VARIABLE int manM odeTemp1 0 AUTOM ATIC M ODE VARIABLES int autM odeTemp1 0 int autoCounter 0 int autoStep 0 int autoNew Val 0 int autoOldVal 0 int autoVal0 0 int autoVall 0 int autoVal2 0 int autoStep1 0 int autoStep2 0 int delayM ax 1 600 delay between checkings first value is the minutes int delayCounter 0 STEPPER MOTOR int smStep 23 stepper motor step int smDir 24 stepper motor direction int smDelay 1200 int stepCounter 0 int smPosition 0 int smUpLimit 0 int smDownLimit 0 int smStepRange 0 LCD amp LED int outLCD 27 LCD turn on int outLED 22 LED turn on int LCDon 0 3AM ECE4007L04 24 BLINDS CLOSED SENSORS int inCloseA 6 detects if blinds closed one way int inCloseB 5 detects if blinds closed one way BLINDS CLOSED VALUE VARIABLES int 1 0 value variable for closeA int iB 0 value variable for closeB PHOTORESISTORS ANALOG INPUTS int inSensor0 0 select the input pin for the sensor0 int inSensorl 1 select the input pin for the sensor1 int inSensor2 2 select the input pin for the sensor2
25. cd2Dec year byte dec2Bcd byte val turns decimal value into a BCD value if val lt 10 return val else return val 10 4 val9610 j byte bcd2Dec byte val turns a BCD value into a decimal value l return val gt gt 4 10 val 16 3AM ECE4007L04 42 APPENDIX D SPRAY ON SOLAR POWER CELLS NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWS NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC COM NEWS Spray On Solar Power CellsAreTrue Breakthrough Stefan L ovgren for National Geographic News J anuary 14 2005 Scientists have invented a plastic solar cell that can turn the sun s power into electrical energy even on a cloudy day The plastic material uses nanotechnology and contains the first solar cells able to harness the sun s invisible infrared rays The breakthrough has led theorists to predict that plastic solar cells could one day become five times more efficient than current solar cell technology Like paint the composite can be sprayed onto other materials and used as portable electricity A sweater coated in the material could power a cell phone or other wireless devices A hydrogen powered car painted with the film could potentially convert enough energy into electricity to continually recharge the car s battery The researchers envision that one day solar farms consisting of the plastic material could be rolled across deserts to generate enough clean energy to supply the entire planet s power needs Ihe sun that reaches the
26. esign Approach and Details The Brain ATmega168 Microcontroller The information processing of the SPSB system is handled by a small open source Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller as shown in Figure 6 This Arduino board serves as the ECE4007L04 main controller for the SPSB system The microcontroller is programmable In C C and has the capability to import export data to Matlab The microcontroller is enclosed in a transparent plastic enclosure 98 76543210 a gt lt 2 eem Digita 4 T aga TX Arduino Ardui rduino e Duemilanove duino 3 74 4 g oid w 2 C x http arduino berlios de a T 7 p i Casas 7 e 1 tS 9 D rai 5 YYrrrrrrr Q1 I E rast 1 4 2 01 ku ul LULU M POHER ANALOG In c MSU Gnd Vin 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 6 Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller and the board component layout POWER The Automation Blind Control Algorithm The key feature of the SPSB system is to automatically adjust its orientation to maintain and control a room s light intensity Photo sensors generate voltage signals corresponding to the indoor and outdoor light intensities and the microcontroller transforms the voltages to digital values ranging 0 1024 Every time the mode is switched to
27. fully implemented into the frame of the blind and the product could be sold with the window Furthermore the solar cells used in the prototype could be replaced with high density solar cells and fully integrated on the individual blinds of the SPSB system to increase photon collection efficiency With current improvement in the production of solar cells the SPSB system could also be implemented with spray on solar cells that are currently in development The sprays on solar cells are plastic material manufactured with nanotechnology and contain the first solar cells able to harness the sun s invisible infrared rays 17 The spray on solar cell breakthrough has theorists to predict that plastic solar cells could one day become five times more efficient than current solar cell technology 17 The spray on article is available in the Appendix D 3AM ECE4007L04 17 1 2 3 4 2 6 7 5 9 10 11 REFERENCES Electrical blinds by K Masanori 1989 Nov 07 Patent 4878528 Online Available http www freepatentsonline com 4878528 html query blinds amp stemming on A Rhuberg et al Auto Blinds Online Available http lims mech northwestern edu design mechatronics 2000 Team13 index html Junglefish 2005 Aug 29 Smart Window Blinds Online Available http www haltbakery com idea S mart_20Window_20Blinds 1 125430916 Arduino Arduino Duemilanove Company Website cited 2009 J
28. g goals e Product price will be around 175 e Energy efficient e Auto adjust based on user input parameters e Environment friendly e Solar rechargeable e Easy installation e Manual override e Fabricate a working prototype by early April 2009 With careful planning and organization the working SPSB system prototype meets all the listed goals with the exception of easy installation The working SPSB system requires heavy technical background for installation in homes with that note the initial proposed plan to sell as a standalone device would not be possible The SPSB system would have to be sold with a service plan included for installation 3 TECHNICIAL SPECIFICATIONS Sensor Data Processing System The designed prototype was fully implemented using the Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller and provide easy integration for many components The Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller is an open source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible easy to use hardware and software used to process incoming sensor data The microcontroller contains a 16MHz crystal oscillator and an ATmegal68 chip on board with 14 digital I O pins six of which can be used as PWM Pulse Width Modulation outputs 4 The multichannel inputs and outputs on the Arduino allow processing of several sensors simultaneously which is an important part for cross algorithm A further hardware specification of the Arduino board is provided below in T able 1
29. g language C C also satisfied ANSI standards 6 The SPSB system is integrated with multitude of electronics stepping motor photovoltaic charging circuitry lithium 10ns polymers battery The stepper motor for the SPSB system was implemented using the IEEE Standard 1349 The standard indicates general purpose enclosure for the motor and precautions against excessive surface temperatures The SPSB system was constructed to minimize sparking of rotor bars and enclosure joints 7 To be able to sell the SPSB system on the U S consumer market the SPSB system must comply with the IEEE Standard 1375 The standard specifically states that DC power systems must minimize the risk of equipment damage during electrically faulted conditions limit the number and duration of the battery system service interruptions as a result of electrically faulted conditions 8 4 3 Constraints Alternatives and Tradeoffs The SPSB prototype does not contain hazardous materials to the environment The system helps the user save energy by utilizing a solar power energy source According to the Go Green Initiative the SPSB system reduces energy consumption See Appendix A By utilizing solar powered energy source a trade offs are the an inconsistent energy supply when there is no sunlight during stormy days cloudy days nights etc However the system is design to address that with rechargeable battery powered circuitry with DC input from regular outlet AC power source
30. inal mounting arrangement are illustrated in Figure 4 Figure 4 Initial stepper motor mounting left and designed stepper motor mounting right A 5V stepper motor planned to be used to control the physical movements of the SPSB system but the actual stepper motor used in the prototype is illustrated in Figure 5 Specifications for the used stepper motor are described as follow e Manufactured by Mitsumi 3AM ECE4007L04 1 e Operates on 12VDC e 2 phase bi polar quadrature motor e 7 5 degree step angle e Motor includes a printed copy of a simple driver circuit schematic e Knurled shaft dimensions 3 L x 06 Diameter e Motor dimensions not including shaft 8 Dia x 68 e 4 lead connection 2 leads connected together terminated with a 4 pin female plug 23 4 long leads Figure 5 12 VDC Symbol Technologies stepper motor Performance amp Operation The performance and operation of the SPSB system prototype are the following e Recharge the on board batteries during the day with solar panels e Blinds remain shut during night time e Blinds automatically open in the morning e Manual override can be performed by the user e Blinds auto adjust based on user input mode e LCD displays date time room temperature and current user select mode e The blinds user interface device wiring sensors and solar recharging components will be a package that is available to the consumers component integration 4 D
31. int inSensor3 3 select the input pin for the sensor3 PHOTORESISTORS VALUE VARIABLES int iVal0 20 variable to store the value coming from the sensor intiVall 20 variable to store the value coming from the sensor1 intiVal2 20 variable to store the value coming from the sensor2 intiVal3 20 variable to store the value coming from the sensor3 int iFrontAvg 0 variable to store average from front sensor values int iBackAvg 0 variable to store average from back sensor values PUSHBUTTONS int pbUp 13 pushbutton up int pbDown 212 pushbutton down int pbLeft 211 pushbutton left int pbRight 210 pushbutton right int 29 pushbutton mode int pbTime 28 pushbutton time PUSHBUTTON VALUE VARIABLES intiUp 20 variable to store the new value read from the pushbutton up intiDown 20 variable to store the new value read from the pushbutton down intiLeft 20 variable to store the new value read from the pushbutton left int iRight 20 variable to store the new value read from the pushbutton right intiMode 20 variable to store the new value read from the pushbutton mode int iTime 0 variable to store the new value read from the pushbutton time void setup setup function START OF I2C COM M UNICATION Wire begin INSERTION OF DEGREE SYM BOL IN LCD STRINGS LCD LINE4 14 Oxdf LCD LINE2 14 Oxdf ALL INPUTS OUTPUTS ARE INITIALIZED PUSHBUTTONS pinM ode pb
32. ire send LCD LINE7 Wire endTransmission if lineStr 8 Wire beginTransmission LCD addr Wire send LCD LINES Wire endTransmission if lineStr 9 Wire beginTransmission LCD addr Wire send LCD LINE9 Wire endTransmission if lineStr 10 Wire beginTransmission LCD addr Wire send LCD LINE10 Wire endTransmission void LCDclear clears all characters on the LCD Wire beginTransmission LCD_adadr Wire send OxFE char Wire send 0x51 Home and clear Wire endTransmission void LCDcursor int cursor turns on off cursor on LCD ECE4007L04 37 if cursor 1 Wire beginTransmission LCD addr Wire send 0xFE Cmd char Wire send 0x4B turn on cursor Wire endTransmission if cursor 0 Wire beginTransmission LCD addr Wire send 0xFE Cmd char Wire send Ox4C turn on cursor Wire endTransmission void LCDposition int line int position setsthe next character position in the LCD Wire beginTransmission LCD_adadr Wire send OXFE Wire send 0x45 Wire send 0x40 line 1 position 1 Wire endTransmission void LCDupdate updates the LCD with an updated string via 2 LCDmonth LCDday LCDyear LCDwkDay LCDmanaut LCDhour LCDminute if LCDon LCDtemp LCDdisplay 1 1 LCDdisplay 2 2 void LCDmonth updates the month position in LCD strings LCD_LINE
33. material could make technology truly wireless We have this expectation that we don t have to plug into a phone jack anymore to talk on the phone but we re resigned to the fact that we have to plug into an electrical outlet to recharge the batteries Sargent said That s only communications wireless not power wireless He said the plastic coating could be woven into a shirt or sweater and used to charge an item like a cell phone A sweater is already absorbing all sorts of light both in the infrared and the visible said Sargent Instead of just turning that into heat as it currently does imagine if it were to turn that into electricity Other possibilities include energy saving plastic sheeting that could be unfurled onto a rooftop to supply heating needs or solar cell window coating that could let in enough infrared light to power home appliances Cost E ffecti veness Ultimately a large amount of the sun s energy could be harnessed through solar farms and used to power all our energy needs the researchers predict This could potentially displace other sources of electrical production that produce greenhouse gases such as coal Sargent said In Japan the world s largest solar power market the government expects that 50 percent of residential power supply will come from solar power by 2030 up from a fraction of a percent today The biggest hurdle facing solar power 15 cost effectiveness At a current cost of 25 t
34. o 50 cents per kilowatt hour solar power is significantly more expensive than conventional electrical power for residences Average U S residential power prices are less than ten cents per kilowatt hour according to experts But that could change with the new material Flexible roller processed solar cells have the potential to turn the sun s power into a clean green convenient source of energy said John Wolfe a nanotechnology venture capital investor at Lux Capital in New York City 3AM ECE4007L04 44
35. p1 1 if wkDay 7 wkDay 1 else wkDay 1 if setTimeTemp1 2 1 wkDay 7 else wkDay 1 LCDupdate if setTimeCounter 4 amp amp 3 setTimeTemp1 4 setTimeTemp1 6 if setTimeTemp1 1 if hour 23 hour 0 else hour 1 if setTimeTemp1 2 if hour 0 hour 223 else hour 1 LCDupdate if setTimeCounter 5 amp amp setTimeTemp1 3 setTimeTemp1 4 setTimeTemp1 6 If setTimeTemp1 1 ifrminute 59 minute 0 else minute 1 If setTimeTemp1 2 ifrminute 0 minute 59 else minute 1 if setTimeTemp1 3 setTimeTemp1 4 if setTimeTemp1 3 ECE4007L04 29 if setTimeCounter 5 setTimeCounter 0 else setTimeCounter 1 if setTimeTemp1 4 if setTimeCounter 0 setTimeCounter 5 else setTimeCounter 1 if setTimeTemp1 6 timeM ode 0 LCDupdate setClock delay 100 LCDdisplay 1 9 LCDdisplay 2 10 delay 500 void calibrate calibrates the system to find the full range movement of the blind and leaves the blind half way readClose while iA LOW amp amp iB LOW smPosition 10 smUpLimit 10 stepping 10 1 readClose stepping smPosition 0 smPosition 0 readClose while i LOW amp amp iB LOW smPosition 10 smDownLimit 10
36. pany Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www maxim ic com quick view2 cfm qv pk 2688 RadioShack Corp CdS Photoresistors 5 Pack Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www radioshack com product index jsp productId 2062590 Fun Gizmos 16 2 Character LCD Serial I2C SPI RS232 TTL Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http store fungizmos com index php main_page product_info amp cPath 70 amp products_id 2 10 amp zenid a2 1a906337dc9 19ae237bf64a39780dc Gaebler Ventures National TV Spots Costs of Advertising on Television Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www gaebler com National TV Spot Ad Costs htm Gaebler Ventures National TV Spots Costs of Advertising on Television Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http news nationalgeographic com news 2005 01 0114_050114_solarplastic html 3AM ECE4007L04 19 APPENDIX A GO GREENINITIATIVE PRINCIPLES http gogreeninitiati ve org index php TheFivePrinciples The Go Green Initiative comprises five principles that provide the framework for teaching environmentally responsible behaviors on campus These principles serve as a guide for schools to evaluate every aspect of their environmental impact Schools may implement as few as three principles in creating their own unique programs designed to address local concerns For a detailed discussion of the five p
37. r adjustments Arrow Keys Tilts the blinds up and down for the user DS1621 Temp IC Mounted outside the box for sensing room temperature LCD Display Displays various information for the user to see ECE4007L04 5 Physical Weight amp Size The four photo resistors were initially placed on the strings of the blind in a vertical line formation but the finished prototype utilizes the photoresistors on the mounting rail of the blind The wiring required for connections of various sensors and components is done with RJ 45 cable to achieve a clean installation of the SPSB system Ideally the solar smart blinds consisting of stepper motor and a user interface device effectively function on any house hold windows However due to the wide diversity of window arrangements shapes and sizes the testing of the SPSB system was confined to a small standard window size A 23 X 64 standard household blind was utilized and the entire prototype weighs around 10 165 as shown in Figure 3 Figure 3 Standard household blind dimension 23 X 64 and weight 10 Ibs Software amp Power Supply The software required for controlling the stepper motor reading sensors and communicating with chips were written in within the Arduino version 0012 integrated development environments IDE The open source Arduino environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the I O board It runs on Windows Mac OS X and Linux
38. rinciples of the GGI see the Go Green Planning Guide 1 Generate compost This is nature s way of recycling Through basic and worm composting programs children learn about ecology biology and waste reduction 2 Recycle everything that cannot be reused and purchase items that can be recycled With fast shrinking landfill space and diminishing natural resources recycling has never been more important Recycling items such as paper plastic aluminum and ink cartridges reduces toxic greenhouse gas emissions and conserves energy Manage E waste by finding creative solutions to divert obsolete computer parts cell phones and other such devices from the waste stream Schools that recycle provide much needed materials to manufacturers who produce recycled products 3 Educate students teachers and parents on environmentally responsible behavior When students teachers and parents work together to make their schools environmentally friendly they are more likely to take the same behaviors into their off campus lives Our goal Is to create environmentally responsible school communities throughout the nation and across the globe 4 Evaluate the environmental impact of every activity Identify products and practices that could threaten the health of children and the world around them Consider improving the campus environment with activities such as eliminating excessive energy consumption evaluating the toxicity of pesticides used in classrooms and
39. shers to automated vacuuming robot The working SPSB system prototype is an innovative approach to an existing product that improves comfort living style 13 Background Both electric and ordinary window blinds are available for purchase through the internet and retail stores Manually adjusted window blinds have prices as low as 20 while electric blinds range from 50 to 300 The most sophisticated version on the market incorporates stepper motors that are controlled remotely to turn the blinds 1 Batteries are required to power the motors as well as the remote therefore battery replacement 15 necessary There are also non commercialized smart blinds constructed by individuals who are interested in the topic One particular prototype relied on four photo detectors to determine the sun light intensity and adjusts the angle of the blinds accordingly 2 Other feasible approaches to implement a smart blind ECE4007L04 1 system Include tracking the angle of the sun and voice recognition However prototypes operating under either of these principles have not been constructed 3 None of the blind systems mentioned above is fully automatic Although the remote controlled blinds are more convenient than the non electric blinds they still require the user to give an input The light sensitive blind may be able to regulate light passage during the day but the users nonetheless need to manually close the blind at night time In addition
40. splay and accept user input such as time alarm clock temperature and light intensity mode The indoor temperature sensors Real Time Clock RTC and text based LCD display all communicated on multi master serial computer bus invented by Philips The components received and transmitted data with the Arduino microcontroller using only two bi directional open drain lines Serial Data SDA and Serial Clock SCL With the two bi directional clock and data lines multiple number integrated circuit devices can be connected and utilized with communication protocol See Figure 8 Master ARDUINO Duemilanove Microcontroller Temp 34 21289 TUE AUT 36 44 PMET fo FT Figure 8 device communication protocol connections and LCD diplay 3AM ECE4007L04 10 4 2 Codes and Standards The finished SPSB system prototype abides by the following codes and standards described below The most important standard and code followed during the design project were the IEEE Standard 1375 and IEEE Standard 1349 The DC power supply and the stepper motor current draw was a major concern for the prototype The Arduino microcontroller for this project is based on the Atmel ATmegal68 which contains a programmable flash memory SRAM 512 Bytes EEPROM 8 Channel 10 bit A D converter TQFP MLF and wire on chip debug system This AVR chip 15 certified by the American National Standards Institute ANSI The Arduino programmin
41. stepCounter digitalW rite smStep LOW delayM icroseconds smDelay digitalW rite smStep HIGH delayM icroseconds smDelay ECE4007L04 31 void stepPosition int position positions the blinds at a specific position if position gt smPosition digitalW rite smDir LOW for stepCounter 0 stepCounter lt position smPosition steoCounter digitalW rite smStep LOW delayM icroseconds smDelay digitalW rite smStep HIGH delayM icroseconds smDelay smPosition position if position smPosition digitalW rite smDir HIGH for stepCounter 0 stepCounter smPosition position stepCounter digitalW rite smStep LOW delayM icroseconds smDelay digitalW rite smStep HIGH delayM icroseconds smDelay smPosition position void readSensors reads the light sensors and stores the values iVal0 analogRead inSensor0 read the value from the sensor iVall analogRead inSensor1 read the value from the sensor iVal2 analogRead inSensor2 read the value from the sensor iVal3 analogRead inSensor3 read the value from the sensor iFrontAvg iValO iVal1 2 iBackAvg iVal2 iVal3 2 int readPB reads the pushbuttons for automatic and time edit modes iUp digitalRead pbUp read the value from pbUp iDown digitalRead pbDown read the value from pbDown iLeft digitalRead pbLeft read the value from pbLeft iRight digitalRead pbRight read the
42. tempSensor addr Wire send OxAA read temperature Wire endTransmission Wire requestFrom tempSensor addr 1 request one byte from DS1621 temp Wire receive get whole degrees reading temp temp 9 5 32 convert to Fahrenheit void readTempBegin initializes the temperature sensor for reading Wire begin Wire beginTransmission tempSensor addr connect to DS1621 0 Wire send OxAC Access Config Wire send 0x02 set for continuous conversion Wire beginTransmission tempSensor addr restart Wire send OxEE start conversions Wire endTransmission void LCDdisplay int line int lineStr displays specified string at specified line on the LCD LCDposition line 1 if lineStr 1 Wire beginTransmission LCD_adadr Wire send LCD_LINE1 Wire endTransmission if lineStr 2 Wire beginTransmission LCD_adadr Wire send LCD LINE2 Wire endTransmission if lineStr 3 Wire beginTransmission LCD_adadr Wire send LCD_LINE3 Wire endTransmission if lineStr 4 Wire beginTransmission LCD_adadr Wire send LCD_LINE4 Wire endTransmission ECE4007L04 36 if lineStr 5 Wire beginTransmission LCD_adadr Wire send LCD_LINE5 Wire endTransmission if lineStr 6 Wire beginTransmission LCD_adadr Wire send LCD_LINE6 Wire endTransmission if lineStr 7 Wire beginTransmission LCD addr W
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