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Technical Documentation: Human Vibration Analyzer

1. 29 Windows amp Work with Data in Measurement and Logging Groups 72 Workspace 66 67 77 79 80 100 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual HEADQUARTERS DK 2850 N rum Denmark Telephone 45 4580 0500 Fax 45 4580 1405 www bksv com infoG bksv com Australia 61 2 9889 8888 Austria 43 1 865 74 00 Brazil 55 11 5188 8161 Canada 1 514 695 8225 China 86 10 680 29906 Czech Republic 420 2 6702 1100 Finland 358 9 755 950 France 33 1 69 90 71 00 Germany 49 421 17 87 0 Hong Kong 852 2548 7486 Hungary 36 1 215 83 05 Ireland 353 1 807 4083 Italy 39 0257 68061 Japan 81 3 5715 1612 Republic of Korea 82 2 3473 0605 Netherlands 31 318 55 9290 Norway 47 66 77 11 55 Poland 48 22 816 75 56 Portugal 351 21 4169 040 Singapore 65 6377 4512 Slovak Republic 421 25 443 0701 Spain 34 91 659 0820 Sweden 46 33 225 622 Switzerland 41 44 8807 035 Taiwan 886 2 2502 7255 United Kingdom 44 14 38 739 000 USA 1 800 332 2040 Local representatives and service organisations worldwide
2. 69 Import Data from Another Project 70 Import Logging Profiles 69 Import Total Measurements 69 Indicator Battery Status Instrument Clip Instrument Pushbuttons 2 4 0 22 42 26 1 ISO 2631 1 Whole body Vibration Es ISO 2631 2 Whole body Vibration 3 ISO 2631 4 Whole body Vibration 3 ISO 5349 1 Hand transmitted Vibration General Requirements 3 ISO 5349 2 Hand transmitted Vibration Practical Guidance 3 150 8041 x Se Stet edi dne Ie DENS 3 L LEMO ena 30 Logging 6 7 12 21 27 39 55 66 67 69 70 72 74 76 79 80 82 Measurements 2 4 1 4 ente 54 Profiles 12 21 39 66 67 69 72 74 76 80 Main menu 28 30 31 32 33 35 36 39 42 43 44 46 47 51 53 54 55 63 64 69 70 71 ed de orte edo s ro et Make a Hand arm Measurement Lema Manual Calibration Measurement Details Information Tab s Whole body Process
3. Help and About eee Care Cleaning and Storage Chapter 1 1 1 Introduction Thank you for purchasing Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 This instrument measures and objectively evaluates human vibration About this Manual This user manual describes Type 4447 from firmware version 3 0 1 and associated BZ 5623 4447 Vibration Explorer Software version 2 0 0 and on This manual is divided into the following sections e Chapter 1 Introduction Brief overview of Human Vibration measurements basic features and parameters of Type 4447 e Chapter 2 Measuring Human Vibration The theory behind the measurements Chapter 3 Using Type 4447 Instructions on how to work with Type 4447 Chapter 4 Measuring Human Vibration Instructions on how to measure Human Vibration Chapter 5 Post processing How to transfer data from Type 4447 to your computer for processing Chapter 6 Maintenance and Service Instructions for taking care of your instrument Chapter 7 Specifications Technical specifications for Type 4447 Note Type 4447 measures translational vibration and presents results using different units see Section 3 3 This manual is written using m s which is the default unit for the instrument Conventions Used in this Manual Instructions and descriptions that refer to Type 4447 pushbuttons are shown with the pushbutton
4. 2 and negative peak values of the frequency weighted acceleration XYZ m s g or dB Measured over measurement duration 7 Vibration Dose Value VDV The 4th root of the time integral of the 175 0 25 ee VDV m s 9 grs or 4th power of the instantaneous frequency weighted vibration X Y Z dB acceleration Measured over measurement duration Vibration Total Value of Total VDV RMS of the 3 orthogonal values x Total VDV 2 a m s g or dB their respective k factors VTV 8 hour Vibration Dose Value The VDV measured over the measurement duration is extrapolated interpolated to the value that VDV 8 m s175 g s025 or the same signal would have given if the measurement duration was X Y Zand VIV dB 8 hours and multiplied by the respective k factor Measurement duration Elapsed time h m s 8 hour Daily Vibration Exposure A 8 In hand arm results A 8 total RMS VTV In whole body results A 8 maximum of the three axes A 8 m s g or total RMS x their respective k factors 4 hour Daily Vibration Exposure A 8 recalculated to 4 hour exposure A 4 m s g or 1 hour Daily Vibration Exposure A 8 recalculated to 1 hour exposure A 1 m s g or SEAT computed as the ratio between values measured in the Z SEAT RMS directions at the top and bottom of the seat for 5 VDV SEAT VDV a dB reference 1 m s for VDV 1 1 75
5. zoom into a profile left click in the profile where the section should start hold the mouse button and drag it over the range While doing this the information below the graph will update to show the max Peak the total RMS and total VDV for the selected area of the profile When you release the mouse button a menu will appear and you may choose to e Adjust the selection Zoom into the selected range Export the selected range as numerical values to Microsoft Excel Create a picture of the selected range in the background and place it on the clipboard As soon as you have created working points or persons you will also find commands in the menu that allow you to add the selected data or the entire profile to a particular person or working point When you choose to adjust the selection a dialogue will appear where you can overwrite the start and end point of the selection If you select 4 7 the entire profile will be selected Press OK to confirm the adjustments or Cancel to leave the dialogue and discard the changes On return from this dialogue the menu is shown again so you can decide what to do with the adjusted selection CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 77 5 3 7 Determine Vibration Exposure The Organisation Model Vibration Explorer lets you model hand arm and whole body vibration exposure for workers A comprehensive model can be created to determine the exposure of workers for
6. 10 1071 109 10 10 Frequency Hz Type 4447 offers all filters in band limiting form These filters have the same cut off frequencies as the whole body hand arm and building vibration weightings respectively However within the pass band no further weighting is applied i e within the pass band the filters have a flat response The nominal frequency range of the band limiting filters is 8 1000 Hz for hand arm measurements 0 5 80 Hz for whole body measurements and 1 80 Hz for building vibrations 3 7 3 8 CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 39 When switching to a different filter Type 4447 will automatically select the k factors that comply with the relevant standard see Chapter 2 Whole body weighting k 1 4 k 1 4 and 1 0 Hand arm and building vibration weighting all three k factors are set to 1 0 The k factors are displayed when selecting the frequency weighting Logging With Type 4447 any measurement type can be carried out in normal or logged measurement mode In logged mode Type 4447 will in addition to the standard measurement store the RMS Peak MTVV and VDV value for each axis at a 16 interval Within the interval linear averaging is used for RMS Such a logging profile gives you a more detailed picture of the vibration exposure over the course of the measurement and provides more freedom in post processing To carry out logging measurements 1 Pr
7. permet 420 E NA po z g i i i i 0 00 end mue fo 1 0 ofa gt 8 0 000 m s2 Pe 0 000 a 5 4 5 4 1 Fig 5 27 Sample page of the Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Export Data and Create Reports Reporting is done using the export facilities of Vibration Explorer The most basic way is to export data to a tab separated text file an HTML or XML file However Vibration Explorer can also export all data to Windows Excel giving you full control over the final format of the report and allowing additional calculations Export settings Before exporting use the export settings dialogue to define what should be exported To open the dialogue select Tools and then Export Settings The dialogue see Fig 5 27 provides four tab sheets because you can either export data for a person a working point an entire folder in the organisation tree or raw measurement data in a measurement or logging group respec tively On each tab tick the data to be exported for the particular item in a project Export settings dialogue Person working Point Measurement Folder Logging Profiles 5 4 2 Ex t Excel Template file name C Program Files Bruel and Kjaer 44 Select attribute _ Select Al Deselect All Person name Person location Person description v vov
8. 4 Iype 4515 B 002 visi ne eben nee ee 29 Type 4524 B eiecti eth eet 29 Type 4524 B 001 Miniature Triaxial DeltaTron with LEMO 4 pin connector cable 4 U Under Ratige unm e ees 33 41 INDEX Undetrange etr tnit 73 Unknown Driver device 61 Update Firmware esses 86 Upgrade E USB POl uae teen tote ette pc dis 6 5 5 ie t Rees 5 USB standard A to USB mini B interface cable 4 Using 4447 25 V VDV 6 12 13 17 20 21 23 39 41 42 44 54 55 64 67 73 75 76 78 81 91 92 96 8 6 41 42 44 67 78 92 96 Vibration Explorer Vibration Explorer Interface Vibration Explorer Software Vibration Explorer software Vibration Explorer Software Installation 57 58 62 63 Vibration Exposure 3 7 9 10 13 14 16 18 19 21 39 43 47 64 75 77 78 81 92 95 Vibration 2 11 vibration magnitude 11 13 17 20 23 52 MTM inis 6 22 42 44 4T 48 51 52 54 73 75 92 95 96 What is Human 2 What is Type 4447 n2 Whole body Measurements 50 Whole body 17
9. In contrast to hand arm vibration assessment frequency weightings are different for X Y and Z direction respectively In the context of health risk assessment when measuring whole body vibration at the feet and seat ISO 2631 1 1997 requires the use of W in the Z direction whereas W is used for the acceleration in the X and Y directions see Fig 2 6 and Fig 2 7 Fig 2 6 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Magnitude of frequency weighting W for vertical whole body vibration Z axis seated standing or recumbent person based ISO 8041 and ISO 2631 1 Fig 2 7 10 Weighting Band limiting 10 5 z B 10 ES 10 10 107 10 10 10 Frequency Hz Magnitude of frequency weighting Wg for horizontal whole body vibration X or Y axis seated standing or recumbent person based ISO 8041 and ISO 2631 1 1 10 EMITTE 109 5 5 2 107 o 10 a 10 1071 10 10 10 Frequency Hz Based on the frequency weighted acceleration signals the daily vibration exposure is determined by calculating the exposure for each of the three axes separately and then selecting the highest of the three val
10. Status Field 2 Measuring Human Vibration 9 45 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Menu Items eere deer tns Mini B USB port Mounting Accelerometers Mounting Mounting MTVV 6 12 13 17 21 39 41 42 47 51 54 55 64 73 75 78 91 92 95 Open Projects Ines nea S 68 Organisation 77 Organisation Tree 77 T8 Organisations sess 66 Orientation 17 33 35 46 48 Overload ze exo qt Ene Ehe freu dens 73 P Parameters Measured When Assessing Human Exposure to 10 Pause 42 Peak 6 17 21 39 41 44 47 51 54 55 64 73 75 76 78 91 92 95 Power SoUrCe Power and Principle Measurement Location Project Pushbuttons DOWN scere oho tetra een ege na neges 27 der E AD us ee oan 27 Check tick c AeA ee 27 M T 27 SAVE vidi eta din asm db me re ot beue 68 Q Quick Feedback res 75 81 GION aviv
11. nine cece 75 81 opp wil ee tines 75 81 EL 75 81 R Remove Data tne teretes 71 Remove Measurement or Logging Groups from a Project ode 72 RMS 6 11 13 15 20 23 39 41 44 47 51 52 55 64 67 73 75 76 78 91 92 95 96 S Save Projects 68 Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility 22 Seat Pad os noo ditte e aa 33 50 SEAT factor Measurements 52 53 Selecting Calibration 32 Set Preferred Display 28 Input Signal Options 30 31 Properties ceo v ced 78 Io c D Shut Down Single Channel Input Single AXIS teen terete ede edis Software Settings Start Measurement Yellow dead eed dis cete Stop Storage System Requirements 57 T Three channel Input E Timer Indication cire Total RMS 6 41 43 47 51 54 76 92 95 96 Triaxial 4 6 15 29 30 33 35 36 41 45 46 51 75 91 93 4447 Human Vibration Analyzer 1 5 6 Wrist Straps tree t
12. VDV MAX v WorkingPoint Exposure time v RMS VIV CF Max Serial no Pe Organisation description Items only Excel If you want to export to Excel you may also specify a template file XLT in which to insert data For more information on how to utilise report templates in Excel see the end of this section Close the dialogue when you are done Exporting data To export data 1 Select the person working point folder measurement or logging group you would like to export 2 From the menu select Tools Export and choose the most appropriate export option Text HTML XML or Excel Alternatively select the desired export option from the Export button in the toolbar Note The export button in the toolbar will remember your last export choice CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 83 If you choose to export to a text HTML or XML file you will be prompted to specify a file name Vibration Explorer will then write data to this file If you choose to export to Excel Vibration Explorer will start a new session of Microsoft Excel create a new Excel file workbook and places the Vibration Explorer data in it The file will not be automatically saved To save the file you need to switch to Excel and select File and then Save as File Edit Insert Tools Help oolbar WI e Expo ende button selected P kd gt New project Open Save M
13. A dialogue will be displayed that will prompt you to confirm the action 1 5 3 6 Fig 5 18 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Remove Measurement or Logging Groups from a Project To remove a measurement or logging group from the project select it in the project section and Press the Delete button 69 or From the Main menu choose Edit and then Delete or Rightclick the icon or label and from the subsequent list select Delete A dialogue will be displayed that will prompt you to confirm the action Work with Data in Measurement and Logging Groups Each total measurement and or logging profile group contains one or several measurements or logging profiles respectively To expand the measurements or logging profiles group into a full list select it in the project tree Its content is then shown in a table in the upper quadrant of the Workspace see Fig 5 18 The title bar of the quadrant shows the name of the selected project node which can be the name of a Measurement or Logging Profile group Table with group data Each row represents one total or logging measurement Measurements carried out with band limiting filters only will be shown on yellow background Identification An icon and a name are shown The icon indicates the type of measurement s Total whole body vibration measurement 4 Total hand arm vibration measurement m SEAT measurement fa Total bui
14. Confirm the selection by pressing 6 Exit to Setup by pressing 69 7 Position the Seat Pad a Place the Seat Pad adaptor on the seat or floor where the measurement is to be made b Position the Seat Pad adaptor in such a way that the transducer is positioned to follow the biodynamic coordinate directions X is back to chest Y is right to left and 77 is from foot or buttocks to head c Tape the Seat Pad adaptor in place such that it is beneath the ischial tuberosities of the pelvis or under the foot 8 Ask the person to be evaluated to sit down on or stand on the Seat Pad adaptor 9 Using 109 0 select Measurements from the Main menu and press to start the measurement If you changed the weighting shortly before starting the measurement Type 4447 may first need to wait a few seconds for any new filters to apply Otherwise the measurement will start immediately 10 While a whole body measurement is in progress Curr RMS MTVV Total RMS the Peak value Total VDV and VDV 8 for X Y and Z directions can be monitored In addition the Vibration Total Value VTV is displayed Inthe first measurement display no action required Curr RMS and MTVV are shown separately for the X Y and Z axes In the second measurement display press once to navigate to this display the time averaged weighted vibration acceleration value denoted as Total RMS and the Peak value for the X Y and Z directions
15. peak 50 km s DISPLAY Colour graphical display 124 x 124 pixel resolution Basic information regarding the instrument status is shown through icons including Battery indicator Measurement status Measure Pause Stop Channel status Elapsed time hh mm ss CLOCK Real time clock and time stamped measurements MEMORY 64 kB equivalent to 750 3 axes measurements or 4 7 h logging can be stored in non volatile memory USB INTERFACE Conforms to USB 2 0 Connector Mini B nder range is indicated range is the instrument s measuring range It is specified according to ISO 8041 2005 Outside this range INPUT CHANNELS Type 4447 has two analogue input channels and a USB digital I O The inputs are designed for triaxial and or uniaxial accelerometers and are equipped with selectable CCLD power supplies Input channel sensitivity is designed for typical transducers used in human vibration measurements CABLES The maximum accepted accelerometer cable length is 3m 9 84 ft FREQUENCY WEIGHTING Filters for frequency weightings conform to ISO 8041 2005 including filters Wy Wg Wy and Wm SETUP MODES Weighting filters measurement type Display units DETECTOR Simultaneous measurement of weighted RMS MTVV VDV and Peak vibration value for each channel a MEASURING PARAMETERS Measured parameters are selected according to the selected setup mode The following parameters are measured calculated and displ
16. Ideally vibrations at source should be avoided altogether or suitably minimised but sometimes it is simply not possible to reduce source vibration to an acceptable level The next step is to attempt to attenuate the vibration before it enters the 1 3 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 3 human body or hand arm system The attenuation is achieved through seat constructions gloves or other damping systems Unfortunately the ability to attenuate the vibration is also limited and the operator or receiver will feel what cannot be suppressed Measurements can and should be done to determine what a particular machine s emission is It s the footprint of that machine Doing such measurements in a standardised way helps comparing machines with one another However very seldom will real operation conditions give the same results trucks may drive on a tapered surface many real surfaces are rough and may lead to excitation at frequencies where the tool machine structure has a resonance tools wear out etc Therefore measurements under real conditions must be carried out The same holds for determination of a seat s attenuation efficiency which varies greatly with frequency and level of excitation and depends on the weight and posture of the driver Thus emission measurements may be used to get a first impression and rough feeling for the vibration exposure to expect However the actual exposure should be determined by measuring human vibration at the par
17. In addition to the vibration data you can add further information such as notes images of Workers organisations and tools or machinery Everything will be stored in the project file Note Pictures added through the properties dialogue will be saved with the project file which means if you later delete the image on disc it will still be available in the project An important concept of the exposure calculation in Vibration Explorer is that it lets you focus on the person and the working day instead of the standard Standards are written for hand arm or whole body vibrations ie standards split the problem Daily life is not so segregated For example the operation of driving a fork lift can expose the driver to whole body and hand arm vibrations To get the full picture you may want to measure the vibrations at the steering wheel at the feet and seat pan as well as the seat s effective amplitude transmissibility SEAT for a specific vehicle and worker With Type 4447 you can take all these measurements and import them into the same project create a node in the project for the worker and drag all data that relate to the person s work into it When calculating exposure and combining the fork lift operation with other processes Vibration Explorer will keep track of which measurement data it will add to the hand arm or whole body exposure of the particular person SEAT measurements would not directly contribute to the exposure calculat
18. Post processing of logging data Flexible comprehensive modelling of hand arm and whole body vibration exposure e Colour coding of exposure calculation results Use of Exposure Point system Export of measurement and logging data as well as full exposure model to text files and Excel spread sheets e Customisable Excel report templates Instrument maintenance 8 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Chapter 2 Measuring Human Vibration Theory Human vibration is the effect of mechanical vibration on the human body that effect can both be positive or negative Vibrations can in fact be desired and perceived as pleasant or give useful feedback over ongoing processes However just as often they are undesired are irritating cause stress induce panic and lead to physical reactions such as sweating nausea and vomiting While these can be extremely unpleasant experiences and strongly influence a person s life and mental state for most people the effect of vibrations will only be temporary or once the exposure to the vibrations is stopped the physical effects will disappear over time Unfortunately though the physical effect of vibrations on the human body may also be permanent The risk for irreparable injuries is especially high for human vibration occurring in context with work where the vibration magnitudes can be substantial the exposure times long and the vibration exposure may occur regularly or
19. care must be taken when investigating shocks and processes with transients 1 sudden changes in the acceleration particularly when dealing with whole body vibrations For example a vehicle driving across bumps in the road or construction machines operated e g cutting and loading trees or crushing concrete may easily cause shock like vibrations For such events averaging across times much longer than the event s duration e g taking RMS measurement over the entire working period would not capture the essence of the problem The intensity magnitude of a single shock a few shocks or the sudden changes in acceleration may be beyond what the human body can accommodate but if they are averaged out over a long period of time their significance would be missed Therefore we have to look at the total energy in the event and the maximum vibration values reached during the operation Better descriptors for such vibration scenarios are the Vibration Dose Value VDV which is a cumulative measure 1 sum up the energy rather than calculate an average and the Maximum Transient Vibration Value MTVV which is the maximum of the so called running RMS acceleration value an RMS vibration magnitude with 1 s integration time Since MTVV is based on a short integration interval it will indicate the top vibration magnitudes to which the worker would be exposed This parameter is especially useful when logged with a short 1s interval becau
20. measurements use a high sensitivity triaxial acceler ometer provided with the appropriate package To connect triaxial accelerometers use Cable AO 0694 D 012 The LEMO connector of this cable fits into the left four pole socket of Type 4447 The Microdot connector fits onto the transducer see Fig 3 5 Fig 3 5 Connecting a triaxial accelerometer Type 4520 B 001 to Type 4447 4447 AO 0694 D 012 4520 B 001 a 070066 1 In addition to these triaxial accelerometers Type 4447 also supports single axis acceler ometers These may be used if only vibrations in a single direction are important but also to measure vibration at the vehicle floor in addition to measuring with the seat pad when measuring SEAT see Chapters 2 and 4 To connect a single axis accelerometer to Type 4447 use cable AO 0695 D 025 The LEMO connector of this cable fits into the right two pole socket of Type 4447 The Microdot connector fits onto the transducer see Fig 3 6 Fig 3 6 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Connecting a single axis accelerometer to Type 4447 4447 4 AO 0695 D 025 4507 001 Type 4447 Br el amp Ker 080240 Fig 3 7 Removing the LEMO connector using the knurled sleeve 3 4 2 Caution When removing the LEMO connector from the socket do so by pull
21. see Fig 5 14 Finally once a measurement has been added to a person another tab is added where you can set the exposure time see Fig 5 15 Fig 5 13 Measurement e information tab 1 527 m s2 A 4 3 054 m s2 A 8 4 319 m s2 r Time to reach EAV 02 40 Time to reach ELV 08 00 The displayed exposure is calculated based on the measured RMS and VDV assuming an 8 hour exposure The colour scales to the right provide a quick visual feedback of the exposure magnitude and vibration risk They are based on A 1 A 4 A 8 and VDV 8 Once an exposure time is defined person they are based on A 8 Pg and VDV for that time Fig 5 14 Pa Logging profile tab use Log measurement it to view logging data cue aed a US 22 and extract sections irai repe RMS X Peak X RMSXIms2 Peak X m s2 13 l 2 J4 R 4 Cal sedat Y LA ead AL 162145 163239 163333 163427 16 35 22 Start Time 13 11 2008 16 31 45 Elapsed tme 00 00 01 RMSX 4 467 PeakX 5 679 3 477 VOVX 4 542 T For more information see Section 5 3 7 a Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 5 15 The exposure tab only Exposure measurement shown when looking at ne 999 m52 346
22. Accredited Initial Calibration of 4520 002 4524 B and Initial Verifi cation of Analyzer 4447 B CVF Accredited Calibration of 4520 002 4524 B 4294 Verification of Analyzer and Battery Change 4447 B CVI Accredited Initial Calibration of 4520 002 4524 B 4294 and Initial Verification of Analyzer 4447 C CVF Accredited Calibration of 4520 002 Verification of Analyzer and Battery Change 4447 C CVI Accredited Initial Calibration of 4520 002 and Initial Verification of Analyzer 4447 D CVF Accredited Calibration of 4524 B Verification of Analyzer and Battery Change 4447 D CVI Accredited Initial Calibration of 4524 B and Initial Verification of Analyzer 4447 RE3 4447 Battery Change 4447 TCF Conformance Test with Certificate 94 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Compliance with Standards CE mark indicates compliance with EMC Directive and Low Voltage Directive C C Tick mark indicates compliance with the EMC requirements of Australia and New 2 Zealand EN IEC 61010 1 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control Safet and laboratory use y ANSI UL 61010 1 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use 61000 6 3 Generic emission standard for residential commercial and light industrial environments EMC Emission 61000 6 4 Generic emission standard for industrial environments CISP
23. If the instrument is operated at low temperatures the operational time is reduced CHAPTER 7 Specifications 93 Ordering Information Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 A including Type 4515 B 002 Triaxial DeltaTron Seat Pad Accelerometer with built in Type 4524 B 10 mV m s TEDS with 3 m 9 84 ft integral cable to 4 pin LEMO and Strap for Seat Pad Accelerometer DH 0411 Type 4524 B 001 Miniature Triaxial DeltaTron Accelerometer 1 mV m s TEDS AO 0693 D 025 LEMO to 4 pin 1 4 28 MicroTech connector cable 2 5 m 8 20 ft and the following accessories AO 1476 USB standard A to USB mini B interface cable 1 8 5 90 ft UA 3015 Hand Adaptor UA 3016 Handle Adaptor UA 3017 Cube Adaptor for direct fixation BZ 5623 Vibration Explorer Software for data transfer organising measurement site and calculation ZG 0459 Charger 100 240 V 50 60 Hz QA 0232 Screwdriver YJ 0216 Bees wax for mounting DB 0756 Cementing Stud 10 32 UNF DH 0750 Wrist Strap for Type 4447 DG 0517 Velcro Strap KE 0455 Travelling Bag Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 B including All Type 4447 A components and accessories plus Type 4294 Calibration Exciter DV 0459 Small Calibration Clip Human Vibration Analyzer Hand arm Type 4447 C including All Type 4447 A components and accessories except Type 4515 B 002 Triaxial DeltaTron Seat Pad Accelerometer DH 0411 Strap for Seat P
24. Peak and Total VDV amp VDV 8 for whole body and building vibration measurements in any of the selected units When measuring SEAT an additional page is displayed The additional page shows the Total RMS and VDV 8 for the auxiliary channel and the seat pad s Z direction as well as the SEAT value 3 9 3 9 1 3 9 2 3 9 3 3 9 4 3 9 5 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Control the Measurement Process Start Measurements To start a measurement from the Main menu select Measure using and confirm by pressing Note In cases where you have changed the weighting filter or transducer type before measurement the filters will need a few seconds to settle After that the measurement starts and the real time display changes to elapsed time Follow the Measurement Process on the Display During measurement or while measurement is running using C scroll through the display and observe the different measurement parameters The displayed parameters will depend on the type of weighting selected either Hand arm or Whole body and the selection of transducer Triaxial or Single axis VDV and VDV 8 are only available for Whole body weighting Note All the measured RMS MTVV and VDV values for the different axes are displayed and stored without multiplication by the k factors In VTV A 1 A 4 A 8 and VDV 8 the different axes are multiplied with their respective k factors For more details
25. Type 4447 see Fig 5 34 Connect 4447 to your computer Then select Tools Maintenance and then nstrument SW Upgrade Fig 5 34 Instrument SW upgrade The Instrument SW i Instrument SW EJ Upload Upgrade dialogue Language file m Upload Synchronise Time with PC 5 7 CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 87 To upgrade to the latest firmware 1 Click the button to the right of the Instrument SW field A standard Windows Open file dialogue will be shown 2 Browse to the new firmware file select it and press the Open button 3 On retur to the Instrument SW Upgrade dialogue press the Upload button 4 A progress bar will indicate the progress Note Uploads will take some time Before uploading ensure that Type 4447 is fully charged and the USB cable is tightly plugged into the instrument and computer In case the process is interrupted e g due to the cable becoming unplugged Type 4447 will become locked In this case repeat the uploading process until the upload has been successful The most recent firmware can be downloaded from Briel amp Kjzr s Web site www bksv com To Change the Language on Type 4447 1 Click the button to the right of the Language file field A standard Windows Open file dialogue will be shown 2 Browse to the desired language file extension HWL select it and press the Open button By default language files for T
26. a red circle fl will be displayed in the upper left corner of the display Should Type 4447 run out of logging memory while measuring the instrument will stop the measurement Note 2 It is not possible to reset Type 4447 while carrying out a logging measurement Instead stop the measurement and start it from the beginning 56 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Chapter 5 5 1 5 2 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software Vibration Explorer Software BZ 5623 included with Type 4447 enables the transfer of results to a PC and subsequent data manipulation System Requirements The system requirements for Vibration Explorer Software BZ 5623 are as follows e Recommended PC Pentium III or equivalent processor 256 MB RAM SVGA graphics display adaptor CD ROM drive mouse USB 2 0 Operating System Windows XP preferably with the latest Service Pack Internet Explorer 5 or higher Note The PC should have at least one available USB 2 0 port A power surge error may occur if used through a USB hub Type 4447 should be connected directly to a USB 2 0 port on the PC Vibration Explorer Installation On the supplied CD you will find 4447 Vibration Explorer Software PC software Type 4447 Instrument software the driver and firmware Guide to good practice on hand arm vibration Guide to good practice on whole body vibration 58 Human Vibration Anal
27. a template which can be used any time data are exported to Excel The whole process of creating reports is then significantly reduced To create an Excel report template 1 Create a report as described in Section 5 4 3 2 When you are satisfied with the appearance size links logo etc delete all data in Sheet1 3 Save the spreadsheet as a template by selecting File then Save as In Save as type select Template XLT To make the access to the created template easier from Vibration Explorer save it in the Data directory found in Vibration Explorer see Fig 5 31 CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 85 Fig 5 31 Save template in Vibration Explorer s Data directory Save As 70 A X Gi D To Peter s Documents Shared Documents Local Disk C Program Files Bruel and Kjaer 4447 Vibration Explorer arm Fig 5 32 Activating the report template for exporting Person working Point Measurement Folder Logging Profiles data for a Person Export Person c Program Files Bruel and 44 The template can now be selected in Export Settings see Fig 5 32 whenever a predefined report is desired Fig 5 31 and Fig 5 32 show the process in utilising a template for Person data export 5 5 Software Settings The PC SW Settings see Fig 5 33 dialogue is used to set up calculation parameters such as hand arm whole
28. add a folder working point or person directly under the organisation node select the organi sation node and press the Add folder Add person or Add Working Point button respectively in the small toolbar above the organisation tree Alternatively right click the organisation node select New and then the item that you want to add The item will be created with a default name but Vibration Explorer will select it so that you can rename it immediately Once you have created one or more folders you can add sub folders working points or persons to the folder Vibration Explorer will assist you with context sensitive buttons in the organi sation toolbar Depending on the item currently selected in the organisation tree pressing one of the buttons will add the new item either directly to the organisation or one of the sub folders Note It is not possible to add a working point under a person However you can drag a working point onto a person This will add the result of the working point calculation to the list of vibration exposures Working points added to a person will appear in the organisation tree underneath the person However a green arrow is added to the icon indicating that a reference was added rather than a new working point Setting Properties for Each Node in the Organisation Tree You can add further information to each node in the organisation tree except folders themselves using the node s properties dialogue To op
29. are shown In addition it shows VTV at the bottom of the screen On this screen VTV is the root sum of squares of Total RMS values for all three axes a 4 3 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Inthe third measurement display press v once more for a total of twice to navigate to this display Total and VDV 8 are shown together with the VTV which on this display is the root sum of squares of the Total VDV values for all three axes Note 1 When data are saved and recalled 4 8 4 4 and A 1 are calculated Note 2 Recalled data for whole body measurements differ from hand arm in the segment where A 8 A 4 and A 1 are calculated When evaluating whole body measurements the whole body vibration magnitude is first calculated for each axis separately multiplying each axis RMS value with the corresponding k factor see Chapter 2 The highest out of the three orthogonal directions is then used to calculate the A 8 parameter In contrast when evaluating hand arm measurements A 8 is calculated based on the Vibration Total Value 11 To stop the measurement press for a few seconds You will be prompted to save or discard the data Press 0 once more to save the measurement or to discard it Refer to Section 3 10 1 for how to recall the measurement on Type 4447 See Section 5 3 5 on how to transfer data for archiving and post processing SEAT factor Measurements SEAT factor measurements with Ty
30. body exposure action and limit values set daily exposure time and change application languages To open it select Tools PC SW Settings a Fig 5 33 PC SW Settings dialogue Mesarenensdetutus and VOV Settings Reference Duration T0 s Hour 5 6 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Application Language File The default language of Vibration Explorer is English All supported languages can be found in LOCAL DRIVE PROGRAM FILES BRUEL AND KJAERM447 VIBRATION EXPLORER LANGUAGE To change the language select the appropriate SWL file Measurements Default Unit Results are expressed in m s as default but can be changed to g or dB Reference Duration To The default value for Duration which represents reference daily working time period expressed in hours is 8 hours It can be altered at any time before during or after calculation process and has an instant effect on all results The Daily exposure Values Table Shows the default daily exposure action and limit values for whole body and hand arm measurements and are taken from Directive 2002 44 EC To change the values double click on a value in the table and enter a new one The updated value will be used in the daily exposure calculations Using Vibration Explorer to Update the Firmware and set the Language on Type 4447 The Instrument SW Upgrade dialogue is used to set up and maintain
31. by the square root of 1 h 8 h In hand arm results A n equals the Total RMS VTV In whole body results A n equals the maximum of the three axes Total RMS multiplied by their respective k factors a 3 10 2 3 11 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Note All the measured RMS MTVV Peak and VDV values for the different axes are displayed and stored without multiplication by the k factors In A 8 A 4 A 1 and VDV 8 the different axes are multiplied with their respective k factors Erase Data from Memory To erase measurements and logging data from memory 1 From the Main menu select File manager then Erase all Note Type 4447 does not support the deletion of individual files so this action will remove all stored measurements and logging data at once 2 If you are sure that you want all files to be removed confirm this by pressing J Hardware Firmware Information and Upgrade To display information about the instrument s serial number hardware and firmware from the Main menu select Setup then About to view the following information Hardware version HW Firmware version FW Serial number Serial no Upgrading the firmware is done using the PC software Vibration Explorer which accompanies Type 4447 For more information refer to Chapter 5 Chapter 4 4 1 Measuring with Type 4447 Prior to any measurement check the following setup parameters they are critical f
32. changes the resonance behaviour Further depending on posture the seat driver combination will lead to a more or less stiff system e g vibrations will be different if the driver sits relaxed or if feet are pressed against the floor Thus depending on the driver s body and posture the performance of seats can be very different As a consequence several measurements with different drivers and postures should be carried out to get the full picture Standards for laboratory SEAT measurements define exact masses to be used specific seat adjustments and detailed procedure including processes such as warming up the seat etc However this is not the intended application for Type 4447 Instead focus is on the assessment of SEAT factors under real working conditions with real workers and no warm up times Nevertheless SEAT assessment standards may and should be consulted because they provide useful guidance 24 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual An additional benefit of SEAT measurement with Type 4447 is the ability to perform two tasks at once SEAT measurement and seated whole body vibration testing can be performed with one measurement set And by performing multiple sets of tests with different drivers the requirement for multiple sessions for shorter time durations will also be met Chapter 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 This chapter details how to charge Type 4447 set up and make measurements and transfe
33. convert between A 8 and Pg 2 100 FR remo Eq2 14 2 5 m s For whole body vibrations exposure points are calculated for each of the three axes separately as follows SAMT PQ 2 L 100 Eq 2 15 oJ 2 0 5 m s 0 Where k is the weighting factor for the X Y or Z axis respectively a is the vibration magnitude RMS value of either the X Y or Z axis T exp is the exposure time in hours and T is the reference duration of 8 hours Note that the vibration magnitude of 0 5 m s corresponds to the action value for whole body vibrations Also in the case of whole body vibrations the conversion between A 8 and is such that an exposure action value of 0 5 m s would be equal to 100 points However the exposure limit value of 1 15 m s will be equal to 529 points To directly convert between A 8 and 2 100 Pp BAR Eq 2 16 0 5 m s Measurements of Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility SEAT In contrast to the measurements discussed in Section 2 2 and Section 2 3 determination of Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility SEAT does not directly give information about human exposure to vibration Instead the goal of the measurement is to determine the capability of a seat design to attenuate the vibrations present in a vehicle i e to protect the driver from excessive vibrations CHAPTER 2 Measuring Human Vibration Theory 23 The measurement therefore involves determination of the
34. even daily Typical risk groups are drivers of lorries trucks agricultural farming construction site and forest machinery pilots of certain helicopters and workers operating hand fed machines hand guided machines or hand held power tools and who need to hold workpieces During their work a worker s entire body or parts of it especially the hand arm region may be exposed to excessive vibrations Unfortunately the relation between vibration exposure and health damage is often not that obvious Injuries may develop over a long period time and other activities such as lifting heavy loads could be the reason for the injury e g lower back pain A worker may feel numbness or fatigue after a working day while exposed to intensive vibrations but initially these effects will only be temporary and the next day everything will seem fine However once these effects are permanent such as cold fingers lower back pain etc it is often too late Many of these injuries are irreversible It is therefore of the utmost importance to prevent excessive vibration exposure In Europe the Vibration Directive Directive 2002 44 EC has been introduced in order to set minimum standards for controlling the risks both from hand arm and whole body vibration The directive sets action values above which it requires employers to control the vibration risks and limit values above which workers must not be exposed 1 2 1 Human Vibration Analyzer Ty
35. in the table The lower right quadrant will then be updated showing full information for the chosen item see Fig 5 20 CS 001 before cutting tree ment details uu A 1 1 527 m s2 os os A 4 3 054 m s2 a A 8 4 319 m s2 Time to reach EAV 02 40 Time to reach ELV 08 00 CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 75 For total measurements a table is shown that reveals the measured parameters and the status for each axis In addition information about the instrument and accelerometer s used for the measurement is given Finally the following values are shown to the right of the table set of daily exposure values 1 A 4 and A 8 These are based on the assumption of 1 4 and 8 hours of exposure respectively Time to reach EAV exposure action value and Time to reach ELV exposure limit value These give the time a tool machine or vehicle may be operated before the action or limit value respectively is reached SEAT RMS and SEAT VDT In the case of SEAT measurements the SEAT factors based on the RMS and VDV values respectively will be displayed Note The table and the information displayed vary depending on the type of measurement i e whether the data represent a single or multiple axis a whole body hand arm or SEAT measurement The daily vibration values and time to reach EAV and ELV will give you a quick estimate of the risk of using the tool vehicle or machine
36. occurring under real conditions may be significantly greater The reason for this can be wear overly rough road surfaces operating vehicles or mobile machinery on sloped surfaces and other factors of real every day usage Therefore measurements at the site are highly recommended to validate and verify that using the tool or machine in that particular context does not lead to larger vibration magnitudes than specified by the producer Whether data are taken from databases or collected by carrying out vibration measurements at the site it is very important to perform a detailed analysis of the precise exposure times at the specific working place This is not only important for finding the actual daily vibration exposure for the current situation but also to have sufficiently precise data with which to work when making suggestions to reduce exposure and risk Parameters Measured When Assessing Human Exposure to Vibration To determine a person s vibration exposure you need to collect information about the vibration magnitude and duration of the various working processes i e for how long and often the person is exposed to vibrations of a certain type and magnitude CHAPTER 2 Measuring Human Vibration Theory 11 2 4 4 Vibration Magnitude Vibration magnitude could be expressed in terms of acceleration velocity or displacement Observed for a vibration process All three make sense because the human body responds to any of the the
37. on k factors see Chapter 2 Pause Measurements Any measurement can be paused at any time To pause a measurement press e The Elapsed Time indication stops and the results can be viewed by scrolling the display Press e again to continue the measurement or press for 3 seconds to stop the measurement Stop Measurements Stop the measurement by pressing for 3 seconds When a measurement is stopped two options are available Press to save the results Press to discard the measurement Note Logged data will always be kept regardless of whether you press 9 Restart Measurements A measurement either hand arm or whole body can be restarted at any time it is not necessary to halt the measurement To restart a measurement press 2 twice within 1 second Measured values on the display are reset to 0 000 and time will be set to 00 00 00 If an Overload indication is present it will be reset as well A new measurement starts immediately after reset has completed There is no delay Note When carrying out logging measurements restart is not possible 3 10 3 10 1 Fig 3 18 File Manager Recall Saved CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 43 Manage Measurement Data All saved measurements are available at any time to be recalled and displayed or transferred to a PC for further calculation and reporting Each measurement is identified by a unique number and t
38. operations are intermittent or change character after short periods such as using chain saws operating fork lifts etc Finally for some tools a single operation cycle may only last a few seconds such as using impact wrenches In general one could follow one of two approaches e Only measure while the person is exposed to vibrations Each single measurement would then give a representative quantification of the vibration magnitude observed with a particular machine or vehicle operating in a certain mode e g a chain saw running idle cleaning the stem cutting through small branches and stems or cutting through a big stem or a lorry driving on a well maintained road through a city with stop and go bumps or over the rough surfaces in a sand pit In these cases the duration to be inserted in the final analysis should just comprise those periods where the worker is really exposed to vibrations from the machine work piece or vehicle Carry out a single measurement including different modes of operation and breaks work piece or tool shifts Such measurements would give a representative average over an entire working day or a complex working process The duration to insert in the exposure analysis is then the total time used for this process including both actual vibration exposure periods and breaks Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages When following the first approach determining the exact exposure durations requires
39. page with the remaining menu items When reaching the end or beginning of this new page the original menu page will be displayed and the first or last item respectively on this page selected Shut Down Type 4447 To switch 4447 off using 6 9 select Shut down from the Main menu and confirm by pressing or press 62 to cancel and return to the Main menu 28 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual When not measuring Type 4447 will automatically shut down if left unattended for more than 15 minutes While measuring Type 4447 will only shut down when it runs out of battery power In the event of an automatic shut down the analyzer will automatically save the measurement before shutting down 3 3 Basic Settings Display Units Date and Time When delivered Type 4447 is preset to a default date and time and a default unit display m s See below to change the default settings 3 3 1 Set Preferred Display Units The default Type 4447 unit format is metric m s and m s 77 However it is also possible to have results displayed in g and gs or dB ref lum s Note This manual is written using m s as the display unit Change the Display Units 1 From the Main menu select Setup and then Display units 2 Choose the preferred units using 0 press to confirm the selection Fig 3 4 Selecting the measurement units dB re1yum s 3 After confirming the display will jump back t
40. the current situation as well as simulate different scenarios based on which decision makers can manage any employee s health risk from exposure to hand arm or whole body vibration Fig 5 23 Organisation tree i T Mads Madsen i a Forest group B c Machines be C Forestry harvester pes Harvester 01 te Harvester 02 An organisation model may consist of the following elements e Organisation Name of organisation Folders Departments in the organisation tool groupings or vehicles for example Working points Tools and vehicles operated by the employees Person Worker s exposed to vibrations Within a project there can be only one Organisation By default the Organisation node is labelled Organisation but the label can be changed to something more specific To do so right click the Organisation label select Rename and type a new name You can structure the organisation model using several folders and you can create folders within folders Finally you can add as many working points or persons to a folder as you need Working points are a means to manage sets of measurements performed on the same operation There is always a certain amount of uncertainty in measurements resulting both from variations in the working process such as changes in the posture of the person and from variations in the measurement set up such as slight differences in the mounting position of the transducer You w
41. three axes logging RMS MTVV Peak and VDV After saving the measurement all parameters are available with exception of Curr RMS Transfer of measured results via the USB port to a PC for further calculation Memory The instrument has an internal non volatile memory for storing calibration and measurement results it can store up to 750 triaxial measurements or approximately 4 7 h of triaxial logging The instrument can also maintain both measurement types simultaneously in memory but the logging time and number of measurements will be reduced 1 6 1 6 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 7 What is Vibration Explorer Software Vibration Explorer Software BZ 5623 included with Type 4447 enables the transfer of measured data to a PC for post processing Vibration Explorer lets you model hand arm and whole body vibration exposure for workers A comprehensive model can be created to determine the exposure level for the tested situation as well as to simulate different scenarios Based on those scenarios decision makers can manage the health risk for any employee due to exposure to hand arm or whole body vibration Both raw measurement data and complex exposure calculations can be exported for reporting Features of Vibration Explorer Software BZ 5623 The main features of Vibration Explorer Software BZ 5623 are e Easy to use interface Transfer of measurement and logging data from Type 4447 Import of data from existing projects
42. under range overload or cable breakage with the triaxial status in any of the three channels the problem will be indicated in the triaxial status field 1 you will be alerted to the problem but not the specific channel in which the problem has occurred When single axis is selected two fields are shown but only the left status field AUX is used the right status field XYZ is shown but not active There are four colour codes purple green red and yellow e Purple The instrument is settling after a change in the setup Green Everything is OK If CCLD is set to CCLD Of then the input is in voltage mode and this is indicated with a V Red There is an error If is indicated there is an Overload If CCLD is set to CCLD On then B or S can also be indicated B stands for cable break S stands for cable short circuit and both indicate errors in the accelerometer or the cabling to the instrument Yellow Warning U stands for under range and indicates that the measurement results are below the lower limit of the Linear Operating Range can only occur during a measurement 7 Axis Direction of measurement 8 Screen The central part of the screen displays results for the selected parameters see Chapter 4 9 Measurement parameter field The following parameters can be toggled during measurement Current RMS amp MTVV and Total RMS amp Peak for hand arm measurements Current RMS amp MTVV Total RMS amp
43. you will be asked to specify a file name and choose a location for the project Close Projects You may close the current project without quitting Vibration Explorer Select File then Close Project If you attempt to close a project and changes you made to the project have not been saved Vibration Explorer will prompt you to do so 5 3 5 CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 69 Import and Manage Data At any time when a project is open you can import data Measurement data can be imported directly from Type 4447 or from another already existing project on your hard drive Note When making logging measurements on Type 4447 two files will be created one containing the total result of the measurement and the other containing the logging profile Once a measurement is saved on Type 4447 these two files exist independently from one another Therefore importing one the total measurement or the logged data will not automatically import the other you must explicitly import both After importing both you can identify which measurement belongs to which logging profile by looking at their measurement start time and date Import Total Measurements from Type 4447 There are four methods to import total measurements from Type 4447 1 Click 8 on the toolbar 2 Click the small button in the Project section 3 From the Main menu select Insert then New measurement group from instrument 4 Right click th
44. 1 12 Whatis Human 2 1 3 What is Type 44472 3 1 4 Features of Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 6 1 5 Jum 6 1 6 What is Vibration Explorer Software 2 7 CHAPTER 2 Measuring Human Vibration 9 2 1 Parameters Measured When Assessing Human Exposure to Vibration 10 2 2 Assessment of Daily Vibration Exposure Hand arm Vibrations 14 2 3 Assessment of Daily Vibration Exposure Whole body Vibrations 16 2 4 Exposure Point System 21 2 5 Measurements of Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility SEAT 22 CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 eese 25 3 1 Er 25 3 2 Basic Operation isi MAAR AR AS 26 3 3 Basic Settings Display Units Date and 28 3 4 ie SURE A A ARAMA 29 3 5 Calibration and Accelerometer Database 31 3 6 Choosing Weighting Application 36 Bil Logging ec enti 39 3 9 The Display bere Rae 39 3 9 Control the Measurement Process 42 3 10 Manage Measurement Da
45. 693 a measurement inserted 50 2 o 20 wf so to a person 5 3 4 Creating Opening and Saving Projects Create New Projects As already mentioned in Section 5 3 2 every time Vibration Explorer is started a new project is automatically created so that data from Type 4447 can be imported immediately However you can create a new project at any time by selecting File then New project or clicking the New Project button on the toolbar see Fig 5 16 Fig 5 1 6 Ele Edit Insert Tools Help Toolbar and file menu 5 New project Open Save Measurement Logging Profiles Export Help Open Projects Open existing projects by selecting File then Open project or clicking the Open button on the toolbar Vibration Explorer will then display the Open project dialogue Use the dialogue to navigate to the project select it and click OK Since only one project can be open at a time creating a new or opening another existing project will close the current one If a project with unsaved data or changes is active Vibration Explorer will show a dialogue asking whether changes should be saved before closing the project to open or create a new one Save Projects You can save a project by selecting File then Save project File then Save project as or by clicking the Save pushbutton on the toolbar The first time you save a project and whenever you choose Save project as a dialogue will open and
46. 7 s driver will now be fully installed and the analyzer is now ready to interface with the PC Once the communication between analyzer and PC have been established the analyzer s display will show a USB icon see Fig 5 9 indicating that it is still connected to the PC and no commands from the Type 4447 pushbuttons can be accepted After disconnecting analyzer from the PC the pushbuttons become active again and the Type 4447 display returns to the Main menu Windows 2000 a The Found New Hardware wizard initiates and you are prompted to specify the path where the dwusb sys driver software file is located b Click Browse and find the driver file under C Program Files BRUEL AND KJAER 4447 Vibration Explorer HBVDrv default location c Run dwusb sys and follow the wizard d In the final window of the wizard click Finish Type 4447 s driver will now be fully installed and the analyzer is now ready to interface with the PC e Once the communication between analyzer and PC have been established the analyzer s display will show a USB icon see Fig 5 9 indicating that it is still connected to the PC and no commands from the Type 4447 pushbuttons can be accepted After disconnecting analyzer from the PC the pushbuttons become active again and the Type 4447 display returns to the Main menu a 5 3 5 3 1 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Once installed Type 4447 will not appear as a mass storage or ot
47. In addition colour scales are displayed for A 1 A 4 and 4 8 that give an even more intuitive quick feedback concerning the severity of the vibration risk from a tool or operation see the upper right corner of Fig 5 20 The scale is divided into three sections and each section has an associated colour e Green The leftmost section of the scale turns green as it fills If green is the only visible colour in the scale the calculated daily vibration exposure value is below the action value e Yellow The centre section of the scale turns yellow as it fills If green and yellow are the only visible colours the vibration exposure is between the action and limit value Red The rightmost section of the scale turns red as it fills If this section contains red vibration exposure exceeds the limit value Logging Profile Details For logged data an additional tab with the profile itself is provided To switch between the two views simply select the appropriate tab see Fig 5 21 Depending on the type of measurement i e whether you measured whole body or hand arm vibration and whether a single axis or triaxial accelerometer was used the following logging data can be displayed with a 1s resolution e RMS profile MTVV profile e Peak profile VDV profile Data can be shown axis per axis or as the root sum of squares VTV Note While RMS MTVV and Peak data can be displayed in the same graph selecting to display VDV will disable
48. Person or Working Point In principle the process for using logging data in the exposure calculation is exactly the same as for measurements If you want to use a full logging profile simply select it in the group of logging profiles and drag it onto the working point or person However Vibration Explorer gives you much more flexibility you can add just a section of a profile and use it as a self contained operation or measurement To do so select the logged measurement so that its profile is displayed in the workspace Then left click and drag over the section of the profile that you would like to be inserted as a new item into a working point or person Once you release the mouse button a menu will appear If you need to refine the selection click Selection and enter the start and end times in the dialogue before you proceed Otherwise select the working point or person to which you would like the profile section to be added Once this is done in the organisation select the person or working point and in the table of exposure contributions click on the item representing the recently added logging profile You will see that only the section has been added Defining Exposure Duration To calculate a person s daily exposure you need to specify how long the person would perform each of the particular operations To set or change the exposure time CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 9 1 In the tab
49. R 22 Radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment Class B Limits FCC Rules Part 15 Complies with the limits for a Class B digital device EN IEC61000 6 1 Generic standards Immunity for residential commercial and light industrial environments EMC Immunit 61000 6 2 Generic standards Immunity for industrial environments y EN IEC 61326 Electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use EMC requirements Note 1 The above is only guaranteed using accessories listed in this manual IEC 60068 2 1 IEC 60068 2 2 Environmental Testing Cold and Dry Heat Temperature Operating Temperature 10 to 50 C 14 to 122 F Storage Temperature 25 to 70 C 13 to 158 F Humidity IEC 60068 2 78 Damp Heat 93 RH non condensing at 40 C 104 F Non operating Mechanical IEC 60068 2 6 Vibration 0 3 mm 20 ms 10 500 Hz IEC 60068 2 27 Shock 1000 x 40g IEC 60068 2 29 6 x 1000 bumps at 40g Enclosure IEC 60529 1989 Protection provided by enclosures IP 42 Chapter 8 Glossary A 1 A 4 A 8 Daily vibration exposure value for 1 hour 4 hours and 8 hours exposure to vibration In hand arm results A 8 equals the Total root mean square RMS vibration total value VTV and in whole body results A 8 equals the maximum of the three axes Total RMS multiplied by their respective k factors 4 4 equals A 8 multiplied by the square root of 4 h 8 h A 1 e
50. RMS MTVV and Peak The reason is that VDV has different units than RMS MTVV and Peak i e they exclude each other 76 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 5 21 A logging profile Measurement Start time 13 11 2008 16 13 33 RMS 3063 Display type x axis D NS 00 18 22 Peak 39700 Show RMS X Weighting Whole body CF Max 19078 mue s E RMS X Peak X 5 X misz Peak X ms2 Insert into Person 2 Insert into Working Point L Copy to clipboard Export to Excel 161333 16 17 42 TezrsT RE 16 30 10 Start Time 13 11 2008 16 17 56 Elapsed time 00 02 58 RMSX 1 537 PeakX 9 830 MTWX 4 521 X 9 106 2 To adjust the range of the graph s Y axis left click on the top value the Y axis A text box will be shown see Fig 5 22 Type the new max value for the Y axis and press the OK button or hit the Enter key and the graph will re scale Vibration Explorer will remember this setting for each logging profile until the project is closed Fig 5 22 Changing the scale Log Measurement ae ee Weighting Whole body 19078 c aese yh RMS X Peak X _ JA 1 NS 161333 16 17 42 16 21 51 16 26 00 16 30 10 Start Time 13 11 2008 16 26 33 Elapsed 00 00 01 RMS 0 922 PeakX 2 402 MTW 0 877 1 148
51. SEAT factor 1 Turn on the instrument by pressing for at least 3 seconds 2 From the Main menu select Setup Transducer and then 3 axes using Confirm the selection by pressing 3 Exit to Setup by pressing e 4 Connect the Seat Pad to Type 4447 through the four pin socket and the single axis acceler ometer through the two pin socket see Section 3 4 1 If the chosen accelerometers are already calibrated make sure they are activated Select Calibration Select Transducer and then the desired transducer using ayy Confirm the selection by pressing If you need to calibrate the accelerometers follow the steps in Section 3 5 a 4 3 2 4 4 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual 5 Position the Seat Pad and auxiliary accelerometer a Place the Seat Pad adaptor on the seat position the Seat Pad adaptor in such a way that the transducer is positioned to follow the biodynamic coordinate directions X is back to chest Y is right to left and Z is from buttocks to head and tape the Seat Pad adaptor in place such that it is beneath the ischial tuberosities of the pelvis b Place the auxiliary accelerometer on the floor where the measurement is to be made 6 Ask the person to be evaluated to sit down on the Seat Pad adaptor 7 Using OO select Measurements from the Main menu and press fg to start the measurement If you changed the weighting shortly before starting the mea
52. Technical Documentation Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Br el amp Kj r lt gt Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual BE 1772 14 February 2009 Safety Considerations This apparatus has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC EN 61010 1 and ANSI UL 61010 1 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use This manual contains information and warnings which must be followed to ensure safe operation and to retain the apparatus in safe condition Special note should be made of the following Safety Symbols A The apparatus will be marked with this symbol when it is important that you refer to the associated warning statements given in the manual Protective Earth Terminal Hazardous Voltage Explosion Hazard The equipment is not designed to be used in potentially explosive environments It should not be operated in the presence of flammable liquids or gases Warnings e Switch off all power to equipment before connecting or disconnecting their digital interface Failure to do so could damage the equipment Whenever it is likely that the correct function or operating safety of the apparatus has been impaired it must be made inoperative and be secured against unintended operation Any adjustment maintenance and repair of the open apparatus under voltage must be avoided as far as possible and if unavoidable must be carried out o
53. a detailed study of the working processes Workers should be interviewed to collect information about the various operations on a typical working day However it is also required to identify and verify the duration of exposure through direct observation because the duration often is overestimated by workers they report how long they are with a vehicle or hold a machine in their hand rather than the actual period where the machine or vehicle was emitting vibrations In contrast determining the duration for a measurement following the second approach is much easier However the result does not provide detailed information about to what degree a particular operation machine road surface etc is responsible for the vibration exposure Detailed information is drowned in the average making it impossible to find and calculate where an improvement in terms of reduced risk can be achieved Also events such as putting down the tool or when a driver is rising from a seat will add significantly to the recorded vibration magnitude even though such events have nothing to do with the human exposure to vibration 2 2 Fig 2 3 Principle measurement location and axis orientation for hand arm measurements Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Assessment of Daily Vibration Exposure Hand arm Vibrations Please refer to ISO 5349 2 2001 before making hand arm measurements Information is also contained in ISO 20643 2005 M
54. ad Accelerometer Human Vibration Analyzer Whole body Type 4447 D including All Type 4447 A components and accessories except Type 4524 B 001 Miniature Triaxial DeltaTron Accelerometer 1 mV m s TEDS AO 0693 D 025 LEMO to 4 pin 1 4 28 MicroTech connector cable 2 5 m 8 20 ft UA 3015 Hand Adaptor UA 3016 Handle Adaptor UA 3017 Cube Adaptor for direct fixation DG 0517 Velcro Strap OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES Type 4294 Calibration Exciter DV 0459 Small Calibration Clip Type 4515 B 002 Triaxial DeltaTron Seat Pad Accelerometer with built in Type 4524 B 10 mV m s TEDS with 3m 9 84 ft integral cable to 4 pin LEMO Type 4524 B 001 Miniature Triaxial DeltaTron Accelerometer 1 mV m s TEDS Type 4507 001 Miniature Uniaxial DeltaTron Accelerometer 1 mV m s Type 4520 004 Miniature Triaxial Accelerometer 0 1 mV m s AO 0694 D 012 3x10 32 UNF to LEMO female adaptor 1 2 m 3 94 ft AO 0695 D 025 LEMO male to 10 32 UNF cable 2 5 m 8 29 ft for single axis measurements 4th channel DH 0411 Strap for Seat Pad Accelerometer DV 0459 Small Calibration Clip included with Type 4447 B DV 0463 Spring Clip for Adaptors UA 3015 UA 3016 and UA 3017 DV 0497 Belt Clip for Analyzer UA 2085 10 x Screws for Seat Pad Accelerometer WA 0224 Mechanical filter 3mm stud SERVICE PRODUCTS 4447 A CVF Accredited Calibration of 4520 002 4524 B Verification of Analyzer and Battery Change 4447 A CVI
55. all 4447 Vibration Explorer for the first time you may be asked to install Windows Installer 3 1 In this case the dialogue in Fig 5 2 may appear Fig 5 2 License agreement dialogue CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software indows Installer 3 1 Please read the following license agreement Press the page down key to see the rest of the agreement SUPPLEMENTAL END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR a MICROSOFT SOFTWARE Supplemental EULA applicable D ing system product described below each an End User License Agreement or EULA and the 7 View EULA for printing Do you accept the terms of the pending License Agreement If you choose Don t Accept install will close To install you must accept this agreement eese 4447 Vibration Explorer Setup xi For the following components s Note Windows Installer 3 1 is a programme requested by Microsoft and is not related to 4447 Vibration Explorer as such It needs to be installed only once You must accept the terms of pending License Agreement in order to continue the installation a Click Accept b Once it has been installed you must restart the PC c After restarting repeat steps 2a through 2c For more information on Windows Installer 3 1 visit www microsoft com 5 The installation wizard will then start see Fig 5 3 60 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 5 3 4447 Vi
56. ame person or working point Vibration Explorer will make sure they are treated separately After you have added a number of measurements to a person or working point select its node A table similar to that for the measurement groups will be shown in the upper quadrant of the workspace However when calculating exposure hand arm and whole body vibration data must be handled separately As a consequence when looking at data for a person or working point only data of the same type will be shown together To switch between these different groups of data use the buttons above the table Note Buttons are only shown for the type of measurements already added to a Person i e if you only added hand arm vibration data only one button is shown 80 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 5 25 List of operations Ce y Br el amp Kjaer Harven 13 33 2008 07 38 07 13 00 2008 161315 vesazenert 0 019 2 ee P Sfo alelelejulaj per 0 155 oo i olw gt gt ol gt 9 561 m s1 75 I You can also copy measurements between working points and persons Measurements can be copied in two ways 1 Drag it from its current location and drop it into the new one 2 Right click the measurement and select the person or working point in which to place a copy of the data Assigning Logging Data to a
57. an be activated or deactivated To do so right click any of the column headers and a list of options will appear To display a column check the corresponding item in the list To hide the column deselect the item see Fig 5 19 1 Fig 5 19 Customising the table Fig 5 20 Measure Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual m5 VTV A8 m s2 Overload Underrange 4319 0 000 CS 001 before c JCS 001 before s 18 11 2008 10 20 10 00 00 11 13 11 2008 10 49 59 00 00 09 439 0 000 e Y me dx 2 286 m s2 mm ine nm smo 4572 m s2 21793 84 096 37 469 A 8 6 467 m s2 ND Time to reach 01 11 Time to reach ELV 04 46 Because a group will always contain all measurements that were on Type 4447 before transferring data different types of measurements can appear in the same group Therefore not all columns will apply to each measurement in the group If a certain parameter is not available for a particular measurement type it will be indicated by To remove a measurement from its group select the measurement or logging profile entry in the table and From the Main menu select Edit then Delete or Right click the row in the table and from the subsequent list select Delete Measurement Details To view the complete set of measured data for a particular measurement select the corresponding row
58. and in which direction the vibrations enter the body For example fore and aft motion of a seated person is very different from side to side motion for the same person The purpose of the subsequent analysis is to quantify the acceleration appropriately Typically the so called time averaged weighted acceleration value a frequency weighted root mean square RMS of a vibration signal is determined and reported in order to quantify the vibration to which a worker would be exposed In context with human vibration it is a measure for the average amount of vibration energy that would enter the human body see Fig 2 2 2 Fig 2 2 A vibration signal and its equivalent RMS level Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Acceleration signal Equivalent RMS level Acceleration ms RMS vibration magnitude is a good representation of processes whose vibrations are continuous or intermittent rather than shock like Tools such as drilling machines chain saws and vibrating plate tampers fall into that category Even impact wrenches can be well described with RMS vibration magnitude even though each single operation cycle tightening a single nut or a series of tightenings may last only a few seconds Whole body vibrations such as driving a bus or lorry over a standard well maintained road or sitting in a train or other railway transport are also well described with an RMS value However
59. axes and transducer power is set appropriately Note 1 To calibrate the seat pad accelerometer the accelerometer must be unmounted from the seat pad and unclipped from its adaptor before calibration Use the supplied screwdriver to remove the mounting plate Care must be taken when disconnecting the cable from the accelerometer Note 2 When Transducer type is 3 1 Type 4447 provides the means to calibrate both the triaxial and the single axis accelerometer in one calibration sequence After calibration of the Seat Pad Accelerometer replace the accelerometer on the clip of the mounting plate ensuring the orientation as instructed by the sticker showing Side with logo upwards Carefully reconnect the cable and reassemble the seat pad Calibrating a Triaxial Accelerometer To simplify calibration of triaxial accelerometers Type 4447 offers a calibration sequence where you are guided interactively through the calibration of the X Y and Z axis Alterna tively you can select to calibrate a particular axis explicitly To calibrate a triaxial accelerometer following the automatic procedure calibration sequence after step 1 refer to the calibration steps in Fig 3 11 1 From the Main menu select Setup Transducer and 7riaxial then return to the Main menu and select Calibration Calib transd and then Calibrator 34 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 3 11 Calibration steps gt Transduc
60. ayed during or after measurement BATTERY Rechargeable Li ion battery 3 7 V 2600 mA Up to 4h continuous use at room temperature after more than 6h charging with the supplied charger ZG 0459 Note 1 External Charger ZG 0459 is not recommended for use during measurements as it may introduce noise Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual CALIBRATION Calibration Check Vibration Value 10 m s 3 16 m s for high sensitivity accelerometers positions 5 and 10 Calibration Check Frequency 159 2 Hz Electrical Calibration Check Voltage 100 mV for Type 4515 B 002 and 10 mV for Type 4524 B 001 PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS Size 70 x 135 x 28 mm 2 7 x 5 3 x 1 1 in Weight 260 g 9 2 oz battery included LANGUAGES English German French Spanish and Italian Parameter Symbol Units Time Averaged Weighted Acceleration Value over measurement Total RMS 2 DEP y m s g or dB duration using linear averaging X Y Z Vibration Total Value of Total RMS Root Sum of Squares The 3 orthogonal values x their respective k factors Total RMS VTV m s g or dB Running RMS Acceleration Value Frequency weighted instantaneous Curr RMS m s2 or dB vibration exponentially averaged with a time constant of 1s X Y Z 9 Maximum Transient Vibration Maximum of Curr RMS during MTVV 2 A m s g dB measurement duration X Y Z Peak Vibration Value Maximum modulus of the instantaneous positive
61. battery has only 3 of its capacity Battery low is displayed Please refer to Chapter 7 for the battery time During charging the icon shows a green line moving back and forth If the letter C is beside the icon it means that the battery is charging from a wall charger see Fig 3 1 When Type 4447 is connected to a PC rather than C the letter U will initially be displayed and then the entire display area will be replaced by a large USB symbol CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 41 Please note that the charging process is not very efficient when the PC is the power supply source 4 Unit Displayed unit corresponds to selected measurement parameter It can be for example m s for RMS and Peak parameters and m s gt for and VDV 8 ke Note When position 5 or 10 is selected the units change to mm s or mm s gt 5 Timer indication When no measurement is taking place it shows the real time in hours minutes and seconds During a measurement it shows the elapsed time of the measurement in minutes and seconds 6 Status indication of the input channels is shown at the bottom of the screen Depending on the chosen transducer the indicator uses either two or three status fields When triaxial is selected three fields are shown one for each axis When single 3 1 axis is selected two fields are shown left single axis status AUX right triaxial status XYZ If there is a problem e g settling
62. bration Explorer Setup wizard Welcome to the 4447 Vibration Explorer Setup Wizard The installer will guide you through the steps required to install 4447 Vibration Explorer on your computer WARNING This computer program is protected by copyright law and international treaties Unauthorized duplication or distribution of this program or any portion of it may result in severe civil or criminal penalties and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under the law 6 Select the installation destination of the Vibration Explorer software on your PC The default destination is suggested as shown in Fig 5 4 Fig 5 4 Select the destination on your PC Select Installation Folder e The installer will install 4447 Vibration Explorer to the following folder To install in this folder click Next To install to a different folder enter it below or click Browse c Folder C Program Files Bruel and 4447 Vibration Explorer Install 4447 Vibration Explorer for yourself or for anyone who uses this computer Everyone Just me 7 Click Next when your selection is made and Next again to confirm the selection Installation of Vibration Explorer will then begin CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 61 8 If a warning about an unknown driver device pops up see example in Fig 5 5 click Install this driver software anyway as the Vibration Explo
63. calibration data either by manual input or by carrying out a calibration with the accelerometer directly connected to Type 4447 Once calibration data for a specific transducer is up to date in the database you can simply select that data to the active data Selecting Calib transd takes you to the Calib Mode screen see Section 3 5 1 Calibrate Transducer Accelerometer The Calib transd Calib Mode menu allows you to perform two types of calibration Calibrator and Manual as shown in Fig 3 10 Calib Mode Manual 09 32 45 CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 33 Calibration with a Calibrator Many standards require a calibration to be performed before and after each series of measurements calibrate the miniature accelerometers Type 4524 B seat pad accelerometer and Type 4524 B 001 hand arm vibration use the Briel amp Kj r Vibration Calibrator Type 4294 However the high g accelerometer Type 4520 004 cannot be calibrated using Br el amp Kjar Vibration Calibrator Type 4294 since the generated vibration level is under range calibrate the larger heavier building vibration accelerometer use the Br el amp Kj r Vibration Calibrator Type 4294 002 Note During calibration previously selected weighting filter is temporarily turned off Before starting calibration 1 Connect the accelerometer to Type 4447 see Section 3 4 1 2 Make sure the transducer type triaxial single axis 3 1
64. call an accelerometer s sensitivity and select it 1 Ensure that the correct type of accelerometer from Main menu select Setup Transducer and Triaxial Single axis or 3 1 axes is selected 2 From the main menu select Calibration Select transd You are now prompted to select a transducer or transducer pair from the database 1 5 if the type is set to triaxial 6 10 if it set to single axis and 1 6 to 5 10 if transducer option 3 1 is chosen 3 Use 2 to select the accelerometer and press to confirm the selection Type 4447 will then return to the Main menu Choosing Weighting Application Depending on whether 4447 is to be used to measure hand arm whole body vibrations or building vibrations it must be set up appropriately by selecting the weighting filter for the respective application Whole body In order to comply with ISO 2631 1 1997 the input signals for the X and Y axes are weighted using the W weighting curve and Z axis using the W weighting see Fig 3 13 and Fig 3 14 e Hand arm In order to comply with ISO 5349 1 2001 the input signals from all measurement channels are frequency weighted with the W weighting see Fig 3 15 Building vibration In order to comply with ISO 2631 2 2003 the input signals from all measurement channels are frequency weighted with the W weighting see Fig 3 16 CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 37 Fig 3 13 Magnitude of frequency weighting Wg for horizon
65. cupational health and safety whole body and hand arm vibration Whole body vibration is transmitted to the body as a whole mainly through a supporting surface such as a floor seat back rest etc Prolonged exposure to whole body vibration can cause permanent physical damage or disturb the nervous system Hand arm vibration is experienced through the hand and arm Daily exposure to hand arm vibration over a number of years can cause permanent physical damage such as what is commonly known as vibration white finger or damage to the joints and muscles of the wrist and or elbow Much research and many studies have been made to evaluate the effect of over exposure to human vibration especially in working environments The results have been used to establish international standards that allow human exposure to vibration to be evaluated EU Directive 2002 44 EC introduced minimum Health and Safety requirements for workers to protect them when they are exposed to risks arising from vibration in the course of their work The requirements standards involve measurements of whole body vibration and hand arm vibration using instruments that fulfil the requirements of the standards Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 is such an instrument From a measurement and post processing point of view we can look at the problem in the classical way from source to transmission path to receiver At the source is a process operation or machine that causes vibrations
66. e Measurements node in the measurements sub section of the Projects overview and choose New measurement group from instrument Any of these will import all measurements currently on your Type 4447 and place them in a new measurement group under Total Measurements Vibration Explorer will assign a default name to the new group You change the name at any time by right clicking it and selecting Rename Import Logging Profiles from Type 4447 There are four methods to import logged data from Type 4447 1 Click on the toolbar 2 Click the small button 7 in the Project section 3 From the Main menu select Insert then New log group from instrument 4 Right click the Logging profiles node in the measurements sub section of the Projects overview and choose New log group from instrument This will import all logging profiles currently on Type 4447 and place them in a new logging group under Logging Profiles Vibration Explorer will assign a default name to the new group You change the name at any time by right clicking it and selecting Rename 70 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Import Data from Another Project File You can import measurement and logging data from project files that already exist on your computer To import measurement data from another project From the Main menu select Insert and then Import measurement group s from file or Rightclick the Total Measurements node in the measurement
67. e to the surface at which the vibration comes into contact with the human body see Fig 4 6 Fig 4 6 Biodynamic coordinate system with axes relative to the body E we Roll r E X ln The accelerometer should be placed in a Seat Pad that is preferably fixed to the floor or seat using tape or a strap This ensures that the transducer remains at the desired position withstanding position changes of the driver or operator However for correct results the Seat Pad must be loaded by the worker during the measurement The worker should stand or sit on the pad as appropriate see Fig 4 7 Fig 4 7 Different Seat Pad locations CHAPTER 4 Measuring with Type 4447 51 4 2 1 Measurement of Whole body Vibration Using Type 4447 To make a whole body vibration measurement 1 Turn on the instrument by pressing 02 for at least 3 seconds 2 From the Main menu select Setup Transducer and then Triaxial using Confirm the selection by pressing 3 Exit to Setup by pressing 4 Connect the Seat Pad to Type 4447 see Section 3 4 1 If the chosen accelerometer is already calibrated make sure it is activated Select Calibration Select Transducer and then the desired transducer using Confirm the selection by pressing If you need to calibrate the accelerometer follow the steps in Section 3 5 5 From the Main menu select Setup Weighting and then Whole body using 9
68. easurement Log Export 4 Export to Excel Save as text Save as XML Save as HTML 5 4 3 Working with Vibration Explorer data Excel When exporting measurement groups persons working points and folders Vibration Explorer will always place the data on Sheetl of the new workbook To manipulate data it is recommended to insert a new Sheet Right click the existing Sheetl tab and select nsert In the Insert menu select Worksheet The new sheet will be named Sheet2 In the following we will continue referring to this new sheet as Sheet2 but of course you can rename it e g to Report Fig 5 29 E Microsoft Excel Sheet Example of data exported for a Person John D 2 Location Warehouse Description 4 Org Name TCG Unitech Lid 5 Org Address S William Street 123 6 Org ZIPCode 7 Org Town New Town 8 Org Telephone Org Comments 10 11 WHOLE BODY 12 0557277283 13 A00 0517557553 14 A Y 0313835861 15 0557277283 2534 17 VOv 9 22821 18 vov 11 53 Serial no Cells in Sheet2 can be set up to refer to data in other sheets As an example Vibration Explorer placed A 8 in cell B12 on Sheet1 To refer to this value on Sheet2 1 Select a cell on the second sheet and enter the following text Sheet1 B12 2 Press Enter a Fig 5 30 Example in Microsoft Excel 5 4 4 Human Vibrati
69. echanical Vibration Hand held and Hand guided Machinery Principles for Evaluation of Vibration Emission Specific additional information can be found in the ISO 8662 series to be replaced by ISO 28927 series and EN 60745 series Regardless of which approach is used when carrying out hand arm measurements the total measuring time should be at least 1 minute Further at least three measurements should be completed for each operation Measurement blocks shorter than 8 s should be avoided because they would not correctly capture low frequency content Measurements of hand arm vibrations are to be carried out at the interface between hand and tool grip see Fig 2 3 Therefore the measurement equipment should be light in comparison to the mass of the tool handle or working piece Further it must be ensured that the transducer is mounted as rigidly as possible If the mounting is too heavy or too springy local mass and spring effects will falsify the measurement Tool Tool Handle Cross section Biodynamic Basicentric Coordinate System of Tool Handle Coordinate System 10 Weighting dB L 1 10 100 1000 Frequency Hz 861488 3 CHAPTER 2 Measuring Human Vibration Theory 15 Note While the mounting position should be as close as possible to if not directly on the contact surface during normal operation no part of the mounting system and cables should interfere with the safety of machine
70. efer to ISO 5349 2 2001 8 Route the transducer cable away from potential hazards by strapping it to the operator s arm with the supplied VELCRO brand strap DG 0517 9 Ask the person to be evaluated to start operation of the tool If the Hand or Handle Adaptor is used the operator has to hold the adaptor against the surface of the tool with a firm constant grip 10 Using select Measurements in the Main menu and press 02 to start the measurement If you changed the weighting before starting the measurement it may take a few seconds for any new filters to apply otherwise the measurement will start immediately 11 While a hand arm measurement is in progress Curr RMS MTVV Total RMS and Peak value for X Y and Z directions can be monitored Inthe first measurement display no action required Curr RMS and MTVV are shown separately for the X Y and Z axes In second measurement display press 2 once to navigate to this display the time averaged weighted vibration acceleration value denoted as Total RMS and the Peak value for the X Y and Z directions are shown In addition it shows VTV at the bottom of the screen On this screen VTV is the root sum of squares of Total RMS values for all three axes Note When data are saved and recalled the daily vibration exposure values A 8 A 4 and A 1 are calculated 12 To stop the measurement press 02 for a few seconds You will be prompted to save or di
71. en it right click on the node and select properties e For the Organisation you can specify name address zip code town and telephone In addition a field for comments and notes is provided For Working points and Persons you can specify the name location and give description Further you can add a picture of the working point or person Fig 5 24 Person properties dialogue CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 79 Name Clausen Location Forest chain saw Description Measurements followed cutting down a full grown beech tree Adding Measurement Data to Working Points and Persons Once you have added working points and or persons to the organisation model you can populate them with one or several measurements or logging profiles Measurements can be added in two ways 1 Select the measurement group to which the measurement belongs the workspace will change to display the measurements in this group and then drag the desired measurement from the table onto the person or working point 2 Select the measurement group to which the measurement belongs the workspace will change to display the measurements in this group right click the measurement in the table to bring up a list of persons and working points currently in the project and then select the person or working point from the menu Note You may very well add hand arm as well as whole body measurements to the s
72. epare Type 4447 as discussed in Section 3 1 through Section 3 6 2 From the Main menu select Setup and then Logging The Logging menu indicates the remaining logging capacity in hours and minutes and lets you choose to activate or deactivate logging 3 Use 09 709 to select Enabled and press to confirm the selection If you now start a measurement Type 4447 will carry out the total measurement and in addition log the vibration data During measurement a red dot g rather than a green arrow G will be displayed in the upper left corner Note If during a logging measurement Type 4447 runs out of logging memory measurement will be stopped Measurement data are saved and Log full will be displayed until you press any button The Display During measurements Type 4447 s display gives instant information about the setup measurement status input channel status battery status of the instrument and the results of the measurement in progress Fig 3 17 shows a display during a measurement and is followed by a description of the various fields 40 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 3 17 Example display during a measurement 1 2 Measurement Status field A measurement in progress is indicated by the symbol G a red dot gl is used when logging a paused measurement by the symbol measurement that has been stopped by the symbol gH Weighting field This field sho
73. er fil X 10 002 mV m s Y 10 004 mV m s 2 10 003 mV m s Calibrating X WAIT gt Start calib E gt Calibrated Select axis X 10 002 mV m s Excite X axis Sensitivity X with 10m s 10 03 mV m s at 159Hz Press v to save Y 10 004 mV m s Z 10 003 mV m s 9 32 45 2 On the screen that appears use 2 to select which of the accelerometers you want to calibrate While browsing through the database Type 4447 will show the current calibration data stored for the particular accelerometer To select the desired acceler ometer press 3 Use 2 2 to select and press This will start the interactive process 4 You are first prompted to excite the X axis with 10 m s at 159 2Hz Note If the selected transducer is one of the first four calibrator Type 4294 must be used and Type 4447 expects an excitation level of 10 m s However when calibrating acceler ometer 5 calibrator Type 4294 002 must be used and Type 4447 expects the calibration level to be 3 16 m s 5 Mount the accelerometer on Calibration Adaptor DV 0459 or on the cementing stud DB 0756 with Beeswax along the X axis see Fig 3 12 Fig 3 12 Left Calibration Adaptor DV 0459 Right Cementing stud DB 0756 with beeswax 070074 Calibration Cementing 6 Once the transducer is mounted start the calibrator and press on Type 4447 It takes 12s to complete the calibration of an axis The sens
74. g Points and Persons 79 Adjust Date and 28 5 Assessment idee TE dee a 14 Assign Logging Data to a Person or Working Point 80 Axis Orientation sess 14 46 B Battery 2 aee bes 25 26 90 93 vs ET PRA 40 Status Indicator 25 Replacerment 4 2 caeco nne 90 Biodynamic Coordinate 50 Building Vibration 6 32 33 36 38 40 65 Building Vibration Measurement 29 41 72 Calibrate Sensor Accelerometer 32 Calibration 6 31 36 45 46 51 53 92 93 Adaptor Sd iere er er or seg 4 25 40 45 89 92 93 CHANGING 5 25 40 41 92 89 90 Close Projects Colour Codes 41 Colour Display 4 2 rrr e tette Connection to a Computer Connector Panel Type 2250 Control Panel Create New Projects Create Cube Adaptor Curr RMS aires Customise Table nentes D Data ent eee eb ea 85 DB 0750 i cene eee ciet 34 DeltaTron sese 4 5 30 31 93 Digita
75. he date and time when it was saved Note Only total measurement data can be recalled or displayed on Type 4447 s screen To view logged data the data first need to be transferred to a PC Recalling Results from Memory To recall saved results from memory 1 From the Main menu select File manager then Recall saved 2 A list of measurements currently stored on Type 4447 will be displayed The measurements are identified by a number date and time see Fig 3 18 3 Use to select the measurement to recall and press to select it Recall saved 06 11 07 08 10 07 11 07 08 45 The information available for display depends on the application As an example for whole body measurements five different displays of the results are available as shown in Fig 3 19 Fig 3 19 File Manager Recall Saved with whole body measurements PL EL P a Weighting Total RMS MTVV RMS Peak Total VDV VDV 8 A 1 0 355 Whole body 0 599 1 550 0 599 3 387 X 4803 1554 ara 0740 Transducer 1 0 717 3 417 0 717 7 168 Y 6 912 22 36 Elapsed time 1 002 1 578 1002 6782 2 7241 1673 00 16 49 VIV 1 648 m s VIV 1 648 mis VTV 13 83 m s A 8 1 004 When recalling the results A 1 A 4 A 8 will also be available They represent indicate the daily vibration exposure values for a 1 4 and 8 hour exposure to vibration Thus 4 4 equals A 8 multiplied by the square root of 4 8 h A 1 equals A 8 multiplied
76. her USB device in explorer or on the Windows task bar therefore before unplugging Type 4447 it is not necessary to tell Windows that you want to remove the device However always allow a few seconds between plugging in and unplugging or vice versa otherwise the system may become unstable Note While connected to the PC you cannot use Type 4447 to carry out measurements To reactivate the analyzer s measurement capabilities disconnect it from the PC You are now ready to use Type 4447 together with Vibration Explorer Software Working with Vibration Explorer Software Vibration Explorer Software Project Concept In Vibration Explorer you work with projects A project consists of two main parts 1 A collection of raw measurement data The data can be directly imported from Type 4447 or taken from already existing project files Raw data can be total measurements or logged data Total measurements only contain a set of data per axis for the entire elapsed measurement time In contrast logged data provide a history of the measured vibration event in 1s intervals For each second the RMS VDV MTVV and Peak value are stored for each axis 2 A model for the daily vibration exposure of workers In this part of the project the measurement data are combined and exposure durations are assigned based on which Vibration Explorer will determine the daily exposure and indicate whether this exceeds the action or limit values given by legislation
77. ill therefore find that when carrying out several measurements of the seemingly same operation the results will slightly or substantially differ from one another It is therefore recommended to repeat a measurement a number of times and use an average over the results in the calculation of exposure Note Different standards suggest different approaches for averaging across a set of measurements Please make sure that the concept currently implemented in Vibration Explorer s working points is applicable for your project Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual When averaging RMS values in a working point Vibration Explorer follows the approach in Section 9 2 1 and Section 10 1 of EN 1032 Mechanical Vibration Testing of Mobile Machinery in Order to Determine the Vibration Emission Value which suggests to report the mean value of a set of RMS measurements as the magnitude of vibration emission for a particular machine in a particular operation mode The same rule is also applied for SEAT values and daily exposure values A 1 A 4 and A 8 and the eight hour vibration dose value VDV 8 In contrast for Peak MTVV and VDV values the maximum in the respective column is taken When inserting a working point into a person it will be handled as a single measurement using the RMS average and maximum values for VDV and Peak values respectively determined in the working point Creating an Organisation Tree To
78. ing on the knurled sleeve only see Fig 3 7 Do not try to twist the connector or remove it by pulling on the cable since damage can result Setting Input Signal Options for Power and Type The next step is to adjust the input signal options i e whether Type 4447 should measure using the triaxial input the single axis input or both at the same time 3 1 axes Type 4447 supports charge piezoelectric accelerometers as well as DeltaTron accelerometers piezoe lectric accelerometers with integral preamplifiers therefore you need to specify whether transducer power supply should be activated or not Setting the Input Signal Option for Transducer Power All accelerometers delivered with Type 4447 are DeltaTron accelerometers When using one of these 4447 must be set up to supply current for the accelerometer 1 From the Main menu select Setup then Transd power menu 2 Using 9710 select CCLD ON see Fig 3 8 and confirm selection by pressing This returns you to the Setup menu CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 31 Fig 3 8 Transd power menu CCLD OFF 09 35 10 Selecting CCLD ON means that the supply current for the transducer is provided from the input socket Use this setting whenever a DeltaTron accelerometer or Charge to Voltage Converter Type 2647 is connected to the input When CCLD OFF is selected no current is provided from the input Use this sett
79. ing when a voltage source is connected to the input Setting the Input Signal Option for the Transducer Type In addition to the power option Type 4447 must be set up with respect to whether a triaxial accelerometer a single axis accelerometer or both simultaneously are used To choose the type of accelerometer 1 From the Main menu select the Setup menu and then the Transducer menu 2 Use select from the three options Triaxial Single axis e 3 1 axes and confirm the selection by pressing Note 1 As will be discussed in Section 3 5 Type 4447 contains a small database with calibration data for 5 triaxial and 5 single axis transducers The triaxial accelerometers are stored under indices 1 5 with position 5 reserved for an accelerometer with a very high sensitivity Single axis accelerometers are stored at positions 6 10 with position 10 reserved for an accelerometer with a very high sensitivity for more information see Section 3 5 3 5 Calibration and Accelerometer Database If standards in your country require Calibration should be performed before and after each series of measurements using a Br el amp Kj r Vibration Calibrator Type 4294 If calibration is not required before and after each measurement the system should at least be checked before each measurement to ensure faultless operation The Calibration menu is found on the Main menu and consists of Sel transd and Calib transd which are de
80. ion however since each 5 3 2 Fig 5 10 4447 Vibration Explorer interface with Type 4447 not yet connected Fig 5 11 CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 65 SEAT measurement also records data on the exposure based on data from the Seat Pad you may directly use this portion of the data and it may be important to keep the data together with that particular worker Note Type 4447 also offers all weighting filters in band limiting form only see Chapter 3 These filters have the same cut off frequencies as the whole body hand arm and building vibration weightings respectively However within the pass band no further weighting is applied i e within the pass band the filters have a flat response Broadband measurements of this type are provided for your convenience Vibration Explorer will permit the use of band limited data for exposure calculations however to remind you that the filters differ from the standard types throughout the user interface data from band limited measurements will be clearly marked with a yellow background Starting Vibration Explorer To start Vibration Explorer either e Double click the Vibration Explorer icon on the desktop From the Start menu select Start Programs Br el amp Kjzer Applications 4447 Vibration Explorer and then 4447 Vibration Explorer where X is the installed version Vibration Explorer will open and create a new empty project
81. itivity of the axis is displayed Check this against the specification of the transducer and save the sensitivity by pressing Note The calibration signal must be stable during the whole calibration interval 12 s or else an error warning is displayed Signal level unstable 1f that was the case press to CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 35 close the message and repeat the steps in 6 Reasons for an unstable signal could be that the calibrator switched off before the 12 seconds were gone or that the transducer was loose i e not properly mounted 7 After completing the calibration of the axis change orientation of the accelerometer so that it is excited in the next direction If the calibrator was turned off turn it on again and follow the procedure in 6 for any remaining axes After accepting the sensitivity for the final axis Type 4447 will return to the Main menu At this point the new calibration data have been saved and the just calibrated transducer becomes the default transducer This means that this accelerometer will be automatically selected in a measurement task Note during calibration sensitivity is displayed rounded to two decimals Calibration data stored in the database have a better precision To only calibrate a particular axis of a triaxial accelerometer 1 Follow steps 1 and 2 from above In step 3 rather than selecting All select the axis to calibrate 2 Then follow step 4 to 6 for
82. l 5 Display mess 5 25 27 28 39 Displayed Parameters 2 Driver Installation 62 0450 34 Erase Dat a 5 ien ertet Example Display eese Excel Report Export Data escena aanak rre e ded Exposure Exposure Duration Defining Exposure Points 21 22 81 95 Exposure tab iiec e tnt 68 81 F Features of the Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 6 Fo t piri Socket oed 5 Frequency 6 6 17 18 36 37 40 52 91 6 15 36 38 40 91 6 17 18 36 37 40 52 91 Wire a dos ep 6 36 38 40 91 Front end Setup 29 a G Getting Started Group Data x Group Properties sess 70 H Hand Adaptor taceo aha cene 49 Hand arm Measurement 29 47 Handle 49 Handling nsi VLA 89 Human Vibration Description 2 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 1 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 Features 6 l Import and Manage
83. l parts list is shown in Fig 1 1 4 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 1 1 Type 4447 parts list 080214 1 Type 4447 Human Vibration Analyzer with wrist strap 2 Mounting accessories 3 Type 4524 B 001 Miniature Triaxial DeltaTron with LEMO 4 pin connector cable 4 BZ 5623 4447 Vibration Explorer software 5 USB standard A to USB mini B interface cable 6 Charger 7 Type 4515 B 002 Seat Pad including Type 4524 B Accelerometer and strap for Seat Pad accelerometer 8 Type 4294 Calibration Exciter with small calibration clip A colour display is provided to show details of the instrument configuration and the resulting vibration parameters An easy to understand control panel comprising four pushbuttons allows you to operate the instrument with minimum learning time see Fig 1 2 The two pushbuttons on either side of the display are used to select highlight or change items values on the display confirm selections or cancel changes and return to the previous menu see Table 3 1 KE 0455 Travelling Bag is included but not pictured CHAPTER 1 Introduction 5 Fig 1 2 Type 4447 Human Vibration Analyzer 1 Display 2 Single axis input 3 Three axis input 4 Mini B USB port 5 Four pushbutton control panel 070059 1 The instrument has two analogue inputs and one digital input output The analogue input sockets have a three axes and a
84. ld be repeated to achieve a total measurement time of more than 20 minutes Longer measurements of 2 hours or more are preferable half or full working day measurements are sometimes possible CHAPTER 2 Measuring Human Vibration Theory 17 When assessing whole body vibrations acceleration should be picked up at the seat surface for a seated person or underneath the feet of a standing person The accelerometer should be placed in a Seat Pad which is preferably fixed to the floor or seat using tape or a strap to ensure that the accelerometer remains at the desired position and is able to withstand any position changes of the driver or operator of a machine However for correct results the Seat Pad must be loaded during the measurement by the worker who should stand or sit on the pad RMS vibration magnitude Peak value MTVV and VDV of the frequency weighted acceleration should be measured simultaneously in all three directions where Z direction is always along the main body axis i e for measurements at the feet and seat it is vertical to the seat and floor plane the X direction is aligned with the fore and aft motion and the Y direction with side to side motion Fig 2 5 X Y and Z axes orientations when carrying out whole body measurements Whole body Longitudinal Z t ao 254 Whole body 304 Lateral X and Y Weighting dB b 124810 100 Frequency Hz 861487 3
85. lding vibrations measurement es Logged whole body vibration measurement M Logged hand arm vibration measurement Logged building vibration measurement The ID label can be used to assign a unique name to each measurement e g the name and type of a machine can be used Vibration Explorer assigns a default name Measurement or Logging Profile respectively 8 is an index number when CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 73 transferring data from Type 4447 The default name can be changed by clicking on the name or anywhere in the item s row and typing a new name or by right clicking and selecting from the displayed list Start Time Shows date and time when the measurement was started and the total elapsed time Weighting Shows which weighting filter was used for the measurement This can be Whole Body for whole body and SEAT measurements Hand arm Building or the Band Limiting version of these filters In the case of SEAT measurements 3 1 is added to the weighting type This is followed by a number of columns showing the most important parameters of each measurement RMSVIV 1 A 4 8 CF Max Peak Max MTVV Max VDV Max JVDV 8 yVTV SEAT RMS SEAT VDV Overload Underrange See the glossary for a definition of the various terms Note The table is customisable With the exception of the Identification column any column c
86. le in the upper right quadrant showing details of the selected person select either Hand arm or Whole body 2 Select the measurement representing the particular operation for which you would like to set the effective exposure time 3 In the lower right quadrant choose the Exposure tab and enter the time using the buttons large step size or the spinner buttons smaller time steps When you change the duration of an operation Vibration Explorer will recalculate the exposure for the particular operation The result of this is displayed in the lower quadrant to the right of the buttons In addition to the partial vibration value A 8 and the vibration dose value VDV for the operation the exposure is given in exposure points Further the results are visualised with colour scales see also Section 5 3 6 page 75 In addition to the partial exposure values the combined daily vibration exposure for the person is recalculated and shown in the last row at the bottom of the table These values are colour coded The values will be marked Green if the vibration exposure is below the action value Yellow if the vibration exposure is between the action and limit value Red if the vibration exposure exceeds the limit value See Fig 5 26 for an example of the display of an exposure calculation Fig 5 26 Example of exposure calculation y Briel amp Kjaer 7 TM rea Er
87. m depending on the frequency of motion see Fig 2 1 Fig 2 1 Response to vibration may be expressed in terms of acceleration left displacement centre and velocity right 10 10 102 _ 2 g 107 5 10 AU zs 10 3 anc 2 10 x10 t e 3 P 107 1071 0 rl 5 10 5 4 g 510 amp S 2 1071 8109 10 499 307 1 4g 40 1 105 100 140 10 Frequency Hz Frequency Hz Frequency Hz However in many standards related to the measurement of human vibration acceleration is the agreed upon quantity for expressing magnitudes This is mainly a matter of convenience since the classical vibration sensor is the accelerometer which delivers the signal proportional to acceleration In general accelerometer signals will be filtered and frequency weighted before further processing Filtering is applied because the analysis should only include those frequencies that are thought to be important for hand arm or whole body vibration Further the frequencies included are weighted differently The weighting reflects the likelihood of damage from vibrations at different frequencies Therefore depending on where e g feet seat backrest palms and in which direction e g front and back vs side to side the measurement is taken different frequency weightings may be used The reason is that the human dynamic system reacts differently depending on where
88. ne the VTV orientation of the transducer is not important because all axes have the same weighting However because the vibration values in each orthogonal axis may be important it is therefore always good practice to correctly orient the transducer If space allows use Cube Adaptor UA 3017 and fix it to the handle or the vibration source If there is no space for direct mounting use Hand Adaptor UA 3015 or Handle Adaptor UA 3016 Examples of using the adaptors are shown in Fig 4 4 Additional examples of accelerometer mounting locations are described in ISO 5349 2 2001 Annex A For detailed guidance on attaching the transducer to different hand tools or work pieces refer to ISO 5349 2 2001 Fig 4 4 Examples of Cube Adaptor Hand Adaptor and Handle Adaptor CHAPTER 4 Measuring with Type 4447 Cube Ca bys 070061 Hand 070060 Handle 070062 When mounting the accelerometer the adaptors you need to loosen the screws a little with the screwdriver then place the accelerometer in the slide and fasten the screws again see Fig 4 5 Fig 4 5 Mounting accelerometer in adaptor 50 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual 4 2 Whole body measurements Please refer to ISO 2631 1 1997 before making whole body measurements According to the international standard ISO 2631 1 1997 vibration is measured along three orthogonal directions defined relativ
89. ng becomes dirty then wipe it with a lightly dampened cloth Do not use abrasive cleansers or solvents Do not allow moisture to enter the connectors or casing Replacing the Battery The battery cannot be replaced by the user For battery replacement the intact instrument must be sent to a Br el amp Kj r service centre Chapter 7 Type 4447 complies with the relevant parts of following standards 1508041 2005 Human response to Vibration Measuring Instrumentation 150 5349 1 2001 Mechanical Vibration Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Hand transmitted Vibration Part 1 General Requirements SUPPLIED ACCELEROMETERS Specifications 150 5349 2 2001 Mechanical Vibration Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Hand transmitted Vibration Part 2 Practical Guidance for Measurement at the Workplace ISO 2631 1 1997 Mechanical Vibration and Shock Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole body Vibration Part 1 General Requirements EU Directive 2002 44 EC Tr nsducer Nominal Filter Frequency Linear Operating Instrument Sensitivity range Range Noise Hand arm 4524 B 001 1mV m s Wh 2Hz to 7kHz 1m s to 3200 2 0 1 m s Whole body 4515 B 002 10mV m s Wg 0 25 Hz to 900 Hz 0 1 m s to 320 m s 0 01 m s a Linear operatin either Overload or SHOCK LIMITS Max Shock level for recommended transducers
90. ngle axis or 3 1 axes is selected 2 From the Main menu select Calibration Calib transd and then Manual a 3 5 2 3 6 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual 3 You are now prompted to select the transducer transducer pair which you want to set sensitivity for Use 0 9 to select which of the accelerometers you want to calibrate and press 4 The cursor will jump to the first digit of the selected transducer s first axis sensitivity Use 2 7 to set the value 5 Press to advance to the next digit If you need to move backwards press 6 Repeat the actions in steps 4 and 5 for each digit in a line Once the last digit of an axis is set the cursor will jump to the next line 7 On completing the last axis Type 4447 will return to the Main menu At this point the new calibration data have been saved and the just calibrated transducer s become s the default transducer s This means that the required accelerometer s will be automatically selected in a measurement task Selecting a Transducer Accelerometer in the Database On Type 4447 the calibration data for up to five triaxial numbered 1 to 5 and five single axis accelerometers numbered 6 to 10 are stored in a small database If you connect another accelerometer to Type 4447 for which the calibration data are already stored in the instrument the only remaining task is to select the accelerometer s data from the database To re
91. nly by trained service personnel Do not dispose of electronic equipment or batteries as unsorted municipal waste tis your responsibility to contribute to a clean and healthy environment by using the appropriate local return and collection systems Hazardous substances in electronic equipment or batteries may have detrimental effects on the environment and human health The symbol shown to the left indicates that separate collection systems must be used for any discarded equipment or batteries marked with that symbol Waste electrical and electronic equipment or batteries may be returned to your local Br el amp Kj r representative or to Br el amp Kj r Headquarters for disposal Trademarks Microsoft Windows and Excel are registered trademarks and Windows Vista is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation VELCRO is a registered trademark of Velcro Industries B V Pentium is a trademark of Intel Corporation in the U S and other countries Copyright 2006 2008 Br el amp Kjaer Sound amp Vibration Measurement A S All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without prior written consent from Briel amp Kj r Sound amp Vibration Meas urement A S Nerum Denmark Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 Intr ductiO m 1 1 1 About this Manual co tr vads pepe e o Epl beo end Bere Eai
92. nsidered in addition to RMS e Section 6 3 If Vu 1 5 MTVV should be considered in addition to RMS If i 1 75 VDV should be considered in addition to RMS RMS T If one of these conditions is given it indicates that the vibration history had peaks significantly above the general average vibration level Note The ratio between Peak value and RMS vibration magnitude the crest factor CF is considered to be a rather uncertain criteria because the peak may have occurred at a different time ranging from minutes to hours before or after the vibration event that determined the RMS In case of doubt the other two criteria are preferred The Exposure Point System The measurement engineer or any other professional dealing regularly with vibration measurements will easily develop a good feeling for quantities such as the Daily vibration exposure value 4 8 and VDV However to the layman exposures expressed in units such as m s and m s will usually be difficult to grasp If this person then must make decisions based on such quantities those decisions may become needlessly difficult In order to facilitate those decisions a more simple and intuitive means to express daily vibration exposure 4 8 has been introduced exposure points For the user or decision maker expressing exposure with the point system has two advantages 1 The point system avoids units The critical vibration magnitudes for hand arm and whole body vibrati
93. ntation for hand arm measurements Tool Tool Handle Cross section Biodynamic Basicentric Coordinate System of Tool Handle Coordinate System 10 Hand arm Weighting dB a 1 10 100 1000 Frequency Hz 861488 3 4 1 1 Steps to Make a Hand arm Measurement with Type 4447 To make a hand arm measurement with Type 4447 1 Turn on the instrument by pressing for at least 3 seconds 2 From the Main menu select Setup Transducer and then Triaxial using 7 7 Confirm the selection by pressing 3 Choose the most suitable accelerometer for the measurement and connect it to Type 4447 see Section 3 4 1 If the chosen accelerometer is already calibrated make sure it is activated Select Calibration Select Transducer and then the desired transducer using Confirm the selection by pressing 2 If you need to calibrate the accelerometer follow the steps in Section 3 5 4 From the Main menu select Setup Weighting and then Hand arm using 3 Confirm the selection by pressing 5 Exit to Setup by pressing CHAPTER 4 Measuring with Type 4447 4T 6 Mount the transducer on one of the hand arm measurement adaptors that follow with Type 4447 An overview of the adapters and a description of the situations in which each should be used is given later in this section 7 Position the adaptor as close as possible to the normal hand grip position used when operating the tool Please r
94. nted on a rigid part of the floor using glue a strong magnet or double sided thin adhesive tape EN 14253 2004 suggests a force of at least 1 kN Logging Measurements Measurements can also be carried out as a logging measurement see Section 3 7 Also SEAT measurements can be done with logging activated However only the vibrations sensed with the Seat Pad will be logged not the AUX channel i e the SEAT measurement itself will not be logged CHAPTER 4 Measuring with Type 4447 55 Logging data RMS VDV MTVV and Peak will be performed with a 1 s interval and carried out in addition to the standard measurement This means that when logging is activated Type 4447 will create two files one with the standard total measurement and the other with logging data To make a measurement with logging 1 Set up Type 4447 for the measurement following the procedures in Section 4 1 Section 4 2 or Section 4 3 respectively but do not start the measurement yet 2 From the Main menu select Setup then Logging to enter the logging setup screen Note the available logging time in hours and minutes at the bottom of the display and make sure that there is enough logging capacity for the planned task before starting the measurement 3 Using select Enabled Confirm the selection by pressing 4 Exit to the Main menu by pressing 5 From the Main menu select Measurements and press to begin the measurement Note 1 While logging
95. o the Setup menu 3 3 2 Adjust Date and Time 1 From the Main menu select Setup and then Set Time Note Set Time is on the second page of the Setup menu 2 Set the time using eU and press to confirm each unit hour minutes seconds day month and year of the selection 3 After confirming the year the display will jump back to the Setup menu CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 29 3 4 Front end Setup 3 4 1 Selecting Connecting and Disconnecting Accelerometers The accelerometer s purchased with Type 4447 has have been specifically selected to fit the particular human vibration applications supported by Type 4447 See below for appropriate accelerometer selection For whole body vibration measurements for a seated or standing person use the rubber seat pad Type 4515 B 002 equipped with an accelerometer Type 4524 B For hand arm measurements triaxial accelerometer Type 4520 001 is usually a good choice However when measuring on power tools that cause extreme acceleration at the hand Type 4520 004 should be used instead Type 4520 004 is specially designed for high g measurements and can be used with a mechanical filter WA 0224 which removes high frequency components These frequencies are beyond the frequency range considered to be of interest in context with hand arm vibrations Removing them makes the signal less peaky thus preventing unnecessary overloads For building vibration comfort
96. ollowing functions e Return to the previous menu Make a pause in a measurement Restart measurement by pressing twice within a second Restart not available when logging This pushbutton is used to step through the various fields in a upward direction and change parameter values This pushbutton is used to step through the various fields in an downward direction and change parameter values ec Turn on Type 4447 Hold for more than 3 seconds Type 4447 will switch go through a short start up process After a few seconds the instrument will be ready for use Getting Around in Type 4447 Type 4447 has a colour dot matrix display It gives instant information about the setup measurement status input channel status battery status of the instrument and the results of the measurement in progress At start up Type 4447 will go to the Main menu Use to change the selection in the menu to enter a submenu or confirm a choice setting change and e to leave a sub menu or discard changes you made Some Type 4447 menus are circular If the last menu item on the screen is highlighted and you press v selection will jump up to the first item Vice versa if the first item is selected and you press selection will jump to the last item At some menu levels there will be more menu items than are able to fit on the screen In this case pushing v respectively will open another
97. omponents are denoted arwy and These are then combined with the so called vibration total value the root sum of squares of the three components 2 2 2 JE ais Eq 2 1 Note In contrast to whole body vibrations when calculating the root sum of squares for hand arm vibrations all axes are theoretically multiplied with the same weighting factor k 1 0 Usually to simplify the equations the factors will be dropped 2 3 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual The daily vibration exposure A 8 is calculated from this vibration total value A 8 E Eq2 2 0 Where 7 is the reference duration of 8 hours and Teyp is an estimate of the time that the tool operators are exposed to the vibration or the duration of the entire operation including breaks see Section 2 1 If a person is exposed to more than one source of vibration a partial vibration exposure A 8 for each operation 7 is to be calculated d s exp A 8 ap n Eq 2 3 The partial vibration exposure values are then combined to give the overall daily exposure value A 8 for that person A 8 adem hm Eq 2 4 When using Type 4447 to determine vibration exposure at a working place you first make all the necessary measurements The flexibility of Type 4447 allows you to utilise the methods best suited to the work conditions that need evaluation Once the data have been acquired enter them in
98. on Explorer s driver will be automatically detected Windows XP and Windows Vista or you will need to manually install the driver Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows Vista a In the Found New Hardware wizard s welcome page you have the option of using Windows Update to detect updated software Select No not this time and click Next b If the Installation CD is not already loaded insert it into your CD ROM drive and ensure that Install the software automatically Recommended is selected and click Next The wizard will select and copy the appropriate driver c There may be a warning dialogue see Fig 5 8 stating that the driver has not passed Windows Logo testing Select Continue Anyway Fig 5 8 Example of warning You can ignore this Fig 5 9 Type 4447 s display while connected to PC CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 63 Hardware Installation The software you are installing for this hardware BK 4447 has not passed Windows Logo testing to verify its compatibility with Windows XP Tell me why this testing is important Continuing your installation of this software may impair or destabilize the correct operation of your system either immediately or in the future Microsoft strongly recommends that you stop this installation now and contact the hardware vendor for software that has passed Windows Logo testing In the final window of the wizard click Finish Type 444
99. on Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Excel inserts the value from cell B12 on Sheetl into the cell on Sheet2 Further if you change the value on Sheet1 it will also change on Sheet2 You can then arrange the cells in the newly inserted Sheet2 in such a way that it can be used for a report Further formatting layout and referencing can be done using all the standard Excel options like Insert Picture your logo Format Text Sheet appearance etc See the Microsoft Excel Help menu for assistance When you are satisfied with the appearance of the sheet select the cells that you want to include in the report then click File Print Area Set Print Area Open Page Setup File Page Setup to ensure that margins headers footers etc are satisfactory A sample report is shown in Fig 5 30 Microsoft Excel VibrationReportExamplet ES t ofa report made PA eE Br el amp Kj r gt 6 Test report 001 2007 Client TCG Unitech Ltd Adresse S William Street 123 123456 New Town Contact person 8041 2005 Arm Results Action value Limit value Action value 05 m s2 1 15 m s2 2 9 1 mist 75 21 n s1 75 How to Create an Excel Report Template XLT When using the same export settings see Section 5 4 1 Vibration Explorer will export data using the same structure on Sheet1 In case you need to create similar reports often it is wise to create
100. ons differ the hand arm system can cope with larger magnitudes In contrast the exposure point system is defined in such a way that in both cases hand arm and whole body vibrations the exposure action value is reached at 100 points 2 Once exposure is expressed in points there is no need for complicated power laws Exposure points are simply added together If a worker is exposed to several vibration sources the total number of exposure points is simply the sum of the exposure points for the sources This also means that exposure points change simply with time twice the exposure time twice the number of points The best evaluation is based on a detailed logging profile a 2 5 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual For hand arm vibrations exposure points are calculated for the combined three axes vibration total value see equation 2 1 as follows ahy 100 Eq 2 13 2 T 2 5 m s 0 Where is the vibration total value RMS VTV see equation 2 1 the exposure time in hours and T the reference duration of 8 hours Note that the vibration magnitude of 2 5 m s corresponds to the action value for hand arm vibrations As a consequence the conversion between A 8 and Pg will be such that the exposures equal to the action value 2 5 m s A 8 will give 100 points and exposures equal to the limit value 5 m s A 8 will give 400 points It is also possible to directly
101. operation For example the transducer should not block power off switches or be positioned so that cables would be able to swing into rotating parts ISO 5349 1 2001 recommends determining the frequency weighted RMS acceleration in three directions On axis with the arm and in two other directions in the plane between hand and grip The best solution is using a miniature triaxial accelerometer which picks up the vibration in all three directions at the same point and only adds a few grams of transducer mass Note When addressing root mean square values of acceleration in human vibration ISO standards use lowercase a The ISO notation style is followed in this chapter however 4447 root mean square acceleration is denoted as RMS see Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 The frequency range included in the analysis is 8 1000 Hz Frequency weighting W see Fig 2 4 is used for all three axes even though the anatomy and thus sensitivity of the hand arm system differs along the arm and in transverse direction Fig 2 4 Magnitude of frequency weighting W for hand arm vibration all directions based ISO 5349 1 or ISO 8041 respectively 10 wae Weighting Band limiting Weighting factor 5 Us 1072 103 10 10 10 103 Frequency Hz The three frequency weighted acceleration c
102. or a correct measurement and its results Transducer selection Transducer Triaxial Single axis or 3 1 axes Weighting filter for the measurement Weighting Hand arm Whole body or its Band limiting versions Logging Logging enabled or disabled Front end configuration Transd power CCLD ON OFF The selected transducer and its calibration Calibration Note it is not possible to measure with Type 4447 while it is connected to a PC Note also that it is not recommended to use the external power supply Charger ZG 0459 while making measurements as it may introduce noise Making hand arm Measurements Please refer to ISO 5349 2 2001 before making hand arm measurements Information is also contained in ISO 20643 2004 Mechanical vibration Hand held or hand guided machinery Principles for evaluation of vibration emission Specific additional information can be found in the ISO 8662 series to be replaced by the ISO 28927 series and EN 60745 series also see Chapter 2 When making hand arm measurements the accelerometer must be positioned on the interface between hand and handle surface and as close as possible to the centre of the grip area see Fig 4 2 Please refer to ISO 5349 2 2001 for a number of suggestions concerning where to mount the accelerometer on a particular tool hand grip or machine 46 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 4 1 Principle measurement location and axis orie
103. pe 4447 User Manual For hand arm vibrations these values are A daily exposure action value of 2 5 m s A daily exposure limit value of 5 m s For whole body vibrations these values are e A daily exposure action value of 0 5 m s or at the choice of the individual EU Member State a vibration dose value of 9 1 m s 75 A daily exposure limit value of 1 15 m s or at the choice of the individual EU Member State a vibration dose value of 21 m s 75 Employers are obliged to determine and assess the risk resulting from both hand arm and whole body vibrations and ensure that the exposure values are not exceeded If analysis suggests that workers are at risk employers should set a management program into action to keep the exposure to vibration at a minimum and prevent the development and progression of injury At the first stage the analysis can be based on emission values 1 data of vibration magnitudes that occur when operating or working with a particular tool vehicle or machinery Today such data is often provided by manufacturers of machines and vehicles but can also be found in databases maintained by independent organisations and institutes However employers must be aware that these data have been determined following harmonised codes Emission data determined according to such standards are primarily meant to allow the customer direct comparison of similar products In practice however the emission values
104. pe 4447 are intended for broad band laboratory and field assessment of vibration transmission through vehicle seats to the occupant The result of such a measurement will give an overall evaluation of whether or not the seat helps attenuate the vibrations Mounting accelerometers on the seat and on the vehicle floor should follow the definitions in ISO 10326 1 One transducer shall be located on the platform at the place of the vibration transmission to the seat The other accelerometer shall be mounted in a seat pad and located at the interface between the human body and the seat on the seat pan see Fig 4 8 Note Type 4447 is only set up to evaluate SEAT in the vertical direction i e it compares the vertical vibration at the floor with vibrations along the Z axis of the Seat Pad SEAT factor measurements belong in the category of whole body measurements Therefore in 4447 whole body weighting Wy for X and Y and W for Z and the Auxiliary is applied when carrying out SEAT measurements In addition to the results of the SEAT factor measurements Type 4447 will also save data from the Seat Pad Those data can be used to evaluate human exposure to whole body vibration Thus two measurements can be taken in one run CHAPTER 4 Measuring with Type 4447 53 Fig 4 8 Mounting locations for seat pad and auxiliary accelerometer when measuring SEAT factor 4 3 1 SEAT factor Measurement Using 4447 To measure the
105. posure points and daily vibration exposure A 8 is defined in such a way that 100 exposure points always correspond to the action value for daily vibration exposure 0 5 m s for whole body vibrations and 2 5 m s for hand arm vibrations Further exposure points are simply added together Both features of the exposure point system make risk assessment much easier and more transparent for the non specialist Peak Peak vibration value The maximum modulus of the instantaneous positive and negative peak values of the frequency weighted acceleration measured over the elapsed time During logging measurements a Peak value is also stored for each 1 second logging interval a Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual SEAT RMS Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility SEAT is based on the time averaged weighted acceleration values It is the ratio between the root mean square RMS measured in the Z direction vertical on the seat pan and the RMS value measured in the Z direction on the vehicle floor directly underneath the seat SEAT VDV Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility SEAT is based on the vibration dose values VDVs It is the ratio between the VDV measured in the Z direction vertical on the seat pan and the VDV value measured in the Z direction on the vehicle floor directly underneath the seat Total RMS Time averaged weighted acceleration value The frequency weighted root mean square RMS vibration accelera
106. pper left quadrant of the interface is where groups of measurements and logging profiles imported from Type 4447 are listed Clicking on a Total Measurements or Logging Profiles group will show its contents in the workspace upper right quadrant of the interface Organisations in the lower left quadrant is where you organise data to determine the exposure of workers to hand arm and or whole body vibration You can structure your data by adding Folders Persons and Working Points to this area Once a Folder Person or Working Point has been defined measurements can be dragged and dropped into it Further Working Points which provide a means to calculate the average over several measurements can be dragged to a Person i e they become part of the list of exposures Clicking on a Person or Working Point icon will show its contents in the Workspace upper right quadrant of the interface CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 67 The Workspace is split into the following two parts 1 In the upper quadrant a table is shown listing the contents of the current selection in the project or organisation see Fig 5 12 2 The lower quadrant displays more detailed information for the item selected in the upper quadrant For total measurements a table is shown providing detailed information for each axis see Fig 5 13 In the case of logging measurements an additional tab is provided where you can view the logging profile
107. quals A 8 multiplied by the square root of 1 h 8 h CF Crest factor is the ratio of the Peak value to the root mean square RMS value of a quantity over a specified time interval The crest factor is low if the Peak value is only slightly above the RMS value indicating a rather smooth steady vibration process A large crest factor will indicate that the vibrations contained one or several strong transients for example shocks Curr RMS Running root mean square RMS acceleration value The frequency weighted running RMS vibration acceleration value is measured using exponential averaging with a time constant of 1 second This is an instantaneous value displayed during measurement it is not stored in the final result The purpose of displaying this value is that it enables the user to follow how the vibration level varies during measurement Elapsed time Total measurement duration is counted from start to stop of the measurement excluding the time when the instrument is paused During measurement elapsed time is shown in the lower right corner of the display MTVV Maximum transient vibration value MTVV The maximum value of the running root mean square RMS acceleration value with an averaging time constant of 1 second measured over the elapsed time When logging measurements the MTVV is determined for each logging interval Exposure points an alternative way to express daily vibration exposure A 8 The relation between ex
108. r data Further descriptions of the user interface how to calibrate and measure will be given 3 1 Battery Before the first use of the instrument one full charging cycle is recommended The initial charging should last at least 6 hours A longer charging time will not harm the battery The energy source for Type 4447 is an integrated compact rechargeable battery When Type 4447 is switched on the battery status is displayed in the upper right corner of the display as an icon with a green field see Fig 3 1 For more detail see list item 3 page 40 Fig 3 1 Battery status indicator The battery is charged through the USB port Charging is initiated as soon as the instrument is connected to Charger ZG 0459 or a PC using USB Cable AO 1476 Charging with the Charger ZG 0459 is however much quicker than charging through a PCs USB socket Further while charging with the charger Type 4447 should be turned off as this will increase the efficiency of the charging cycle Note 1 Charging should not be done during measurements as this can influence the results When the battery is fully charged a battery icon appears in the instrument s display see Fig 3 2 As noted above the first charging cycle should be at least 6 hours A longer charging time will not harm the battery During regular use of the instrument the charging time should be about 4 hours for a fully discharged battery i e the instrument has turned itself off If
109. re than one source of vibration the partial vibration exposure A 8 for each axis f and operation 7 is to be calculated first Ay 8 a 14 A 8 ay 1 4 Eq 2 8 A 8 agg 510 1 J a The partial vibration exposures are then added for each of the three axes separately and the total daily vibration exposure is found as the maximum of these three sums a Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual A 8 UNT A 8 en A 8 A 8 J 8 4 8 A 7 8 4 8 max 4 8 4 8 4 8 Eq2 9 1 y 2 yn A8 J NY 8 The total daily vibration dose A 8 applies well if the vibration history is rather smooth free of shocks or other sudden changes or peaks in the acceleration However when for example driving a vehicle over rough surfaces such as found on construction sites and sand pits shock like events may occur and an assessment based on RMS values may no longer be appropriate The fourth power vibration dose value VDV has been developed to take such transients into account Unlike RMS vibration magnitude the measured is a cumulative value it increases with the measurement time It is therefore important for any measurement of VDV to know the period over which the value was measured Further due to the fourth power transients and peaks are given more weight in the integration If the measurement time is sho
110. ready to receive data from Type 4447 If you started Vibration Explorer without having Type 4447 connected buttons and menu commands that would trigger data transfer from Type 4447 or maintenance actions will be disabled see Fig 5 10 Edit nset Tools Help If Type 4447 is connected the buttons and menus will be active see Fig 5 11 This indicates that connection to Type 4447 is established and you can begin transferring data from the instrument update the firmware or change settings such as date and time Vibration Explorer with ar EE ry activated buttons New project Open 66 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual 5 3 3 Vibration Explorer Interface Fig 5 12 depicts the Vibration Explorer interface showing data in measurement groups and their properties Fig 5 12 Vibration Explorer with a typical project open 1 2 286 m s2 A 4 4 572 m s2 6 467 m s2 Time to reach EAV 01 11 Time to reach ELV 04 46 The application s interface is divided into two main sections 1 The Project section On the left side a tree like hierarchical view presents you with and lets you organise measurement data in the project and the organisation model 2 The Workspace The remaining part of the window on the right is where you view and edit data selected under Project Under Project there are two subsections quadrants Measurements in the u
111. rer software is both trusted and its driver is from a known source Fig 5 5 Possible security warning about the software driver gt Don t install this driver software You should check your manufacturer s website for updated driver software for your device gt Install this driver software anyway Only install driver software obtained from your manufacturer s website or disc Unsigned software from other sources may harm your computer or steal information v See details Fig 5 6 M Close the wizard 15 4447 Vibration Explorer Installation Complete 4447 Vibration Explorer has been successfully installed Click Close to exit Cancel The computer is now ready to install the driver and be connected to Type 4447 62 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual 5 2 2 4447 Driver Installation When software BZ 5623 4447 Vibration Explorer is installed you should establish communication between the PC and Type 4447 analyzer To install Type 4447 s driver on a PC 1 Turn on the analyzer by pressing for 3 seconds and then connect the supplied Cable AO 1476 to the mini USB connector on the side of Type 4447 and a USB socket on the PC After a short while a new device will be detected by your PC see Fig 5 7 Fig 5 7 Example of new device detection alert 2 Depending on your operating system either a wizard will be activated and 4447 Vibrati
112. rter than the estimated exposure time the measured VDV must be expanded to the actual exposure time T 1 4 VDV S meas 1 4 YDY 1 4 Eq 2 10 67 meas T 1 4 ure meas Where 7 4 is the measurement period and 7 is the full expected exposure time and note again the k factors 1 4 1 4 and 1 0 Further if a person is exposed to more than one vibration source the total VDV is to be calculated from the partial vibration dose values for each axis 4 4 4 1 4 VDV VDV x 1 2 n X 1 4 e ce vpv daily VDV Eq 2 11 4 4 4 1 4 VDV _ VDV Z Z n gt gt 2 max VD V VD Fs VDV H The highest of the three individual VDVs gives the daily VDV 2 4 CHAPTER 2 Measuring Human Vibration Theory 21 Another useful quantity when investigating human vibration with transients is the running RMS It has a short integration time of 1 s and thus is well suited to indicate the magnitude of short events The so called maximum transient vibration value MTVV represents the maximum running RMS value found over one measurement period ISO 2631 1 1997 provides some guidelines concerning when it is recommended to consider VDV running RMS and MTVV instead of the vibration magnitude a _ Peak Appendix B 3 2 If CF RMS gt 9 VDV should be co
113. s Description of the measurements Note The Serial no field is write protected 4 Press Save to keep changes made in this dialogue or Cancel to discard them Fig 5 17 Properties dialogue CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 71 Fex sew 5 mos Measurements were done prior to cutting a tree after cutting the tree and after re sharpening Cancel Remove Data from Type 4447 After having imported measurements and logging profiles from Type 4447 the data will still be on the instrument You need to remove them explicitly Note It is not currently possible to remove selected measurements or logging profiles from Type 4447 they must be removed as a whole However using the PC software logging and measurements can be deleted independently of each other To remove all total measurements from the instrument and thus free memory on the instrument choose Tools then Erase all Measurements from Instrument from the Main menu or Right click the Total Measurements icon in the project organiser and select Erase all Measurements from Instrument A dialogue will be displayed that will prompt you to confirm the action To remove all logging profiles from Type 4447 select Tools then Erase all Logs from Instrument from the Main menu e Right click the Logging Profiles icon in the project organiser and select Erase all Logs from Instrument
114. s as on the instrument See Section 3 2 for a list of pushbutton icons and their functions 2 1 2 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Menu Items In this manual menu items are indicated by bold type face for example be found under the Calibration menu Displayed Parameters and Text Appearing on the Screen Displayed parameters on screen text and mathematical variables are indicated by italics for example Weighting Whole body What is Human Vibration Human vibration is defined as the effect of mechanical vibration in the environment on the human body During our normal daily lives we are exposed to various sources of vibration for example in buses trains and cars Many people are also exposed to other vibrations during their working day for example vibrations produced by hand tools stationary and mobile machinery or heavy vehicles Just as sound can be either music to the ear or irritating noise human vibration can either be pleasant or unpleasant Gentle vibrations such as that experienced when sitting in a rocking chair dancing or running can be pleasant More violent vibrations for example that experienced when travelling in a car down a bumpy road or when operating a power tool can be unpleasant and even imply health risks There are many aspects of human vibration This manual focuses on the aspects of human vibration that are of an interest from the perspective of oc
115. s sub section of the Projects overview and choose mport measurement group s from file To import logging data from another project From the Main menu select Insert and then Jmport logging group s from file or Rightclick the Logging Profiles node in the measurements sub section of the Projects overview and choose Import logging group s from file A dialogue will be displayed from where you can choose the source file of the data to import Once you selected a file and clicked OK all measurement or logging groups in this file will be imported into the current project The group name s from the source file will be used As with new groups of measurement or logging data imported groups can be renamed Group Properties To view and edit general information for a total measurement group or logging profile group 1 In the project tree right click the group s icon or name 2 From the subsequent menu select Properties 3 A dialogue appears see Fig 5 17 Most of the fields in this dialogue can be edited Name for the measurement group it is also used as the group s label 1 it changes when you rename a group Location where the measurements were taken Operator of the machine or vehicles during the measurement Date to be associated with this group The default date is the date when the group was created not the date of the measurement because measurements in the same group can be taken periodically over several day
116. scard the data Press 02 once more to save the measurement or discard it Refer to Section 3 10 1 for how to recall the measurement on Type 4447 See Section 5 3 5 on how to transfer data for archiving and post processing 4 1 2 Adaptors for Hand arm Measurements Accelerometer mounting should be as rigid as possible If mounted loosely the accelerometer will bounce around and the measured acceleration will not be that of the tool s grip surface To assist in achieving the correct mounting Type 4447 comes with three different adapters 1 Cube Adaptor UA 3017 for direct mounting on a surface located at the handle grip position where there is enough space see Fig 4 2 left 2 Hand Adaptor UA 3015 for holding between two fingers with the base plate in contact with the tool surface where direct mounting is not possible see Fig 4 2 middle Even though not visible to the naked eye loose mounting can give erroneous results 48 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual 3 Handle Adaptor UA 3016 for placing on the tool handle where the hand grips the tool where direct mounting is not possible see Fig 4 2 right Fig 4 2 adaptors used with Type 4447 wi lu j e mf 070062 coxa 070060 Each adaptor has a clip on the top of the head where the transducer is mounted see Fig 4 3 Fig 4 3 Mounting the transducer in the clip on the adaptor 090008 For hand arm measurements to determi
117. scribed below Type 4447 contains a small database that can hold calibration data for five triaxial and five single axis transducers The triaxial accelerometers are stored under indices 1 5 Single axis accelerometers are stored in positions 6 10 32 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 3 9 Calibration menu 3 5 1 Fig 3 10 Selecting the Calibration Mode Positions 5 and 10 are reserved for high sensitivity accelerometers primarily intended for building vibrations Due to the comparable large mass of these transducers up to 200 g each they require a different version of the accelerometer calibrator Type 4294 002 different from the one used for the miniature accelerometers which generates a lower excitation level Type 4447 automatically accounts for that when calibrating accelerometer 5 or 10 in the database When carrying out a measurement with the 3 7 axes option the triaxial and single axis transducers can only be chosen pair wise following the scheme 1 6 2 7 etc This should be kept in mind when placing calibration data for the triaxial and single axis accelerometers in the database i e when assigning an index to the triaxial and single axis accelerometer respectively Both calibration and transducer selection done through the Calibration menu see Fig 3 9 Which is accessed through the Main menu Calibration E Sel transd Calib transd The database can be populated with
118. se the logging profile quickly gives an overview whether any large vibration magnitude was an exception appeared often or was constant VDV is well suited to reflect the total exposure it accumulates the vibration energy the worker would be exposed to thereby putting more weight on peaks and or sudden changes in the acceleration CHAPTER 2 Measuring Human Vibration Theory 13 ISO 2631 1 1997 section 6 3 3 Mechanical Vibration and Shock Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole body Vibration gives guidelines for which value RMS MTVV or VDV best characterises a particular vibration history More information will be given in Section 2 3 Assessment of Daily Vibration Exposure Whole body Vibrations 2 1 2 Duration For a correct assessment of human exposure to vibration a precise determination of the duration of vibration exposure is as critical as a correct determination of the vibration magnitude Estimation of the duration should be based on a detailed observation of the working process A stop watch or video recording may be used to capture the duration of operations that lead to vibration exposure In addition interviews with the workers should be carried out When determining exposure duration it is important to keep in mind the approach used to measure the vibration magnitude Some operations can be consistent over a period of one or several hours such as operating a vibrating plate tamper or driving a lorry Other
119. single axis input respectively see Fig 1 2 The two analogue inputs are on the bottom of the instrument and use different LEMO sockets selected to provide reliable and simple connections and avoid wrong connections They are used as follows three axis input is for simultaneous measurement in three orthogonal directions with a triaxial accelerometer The three channel input consisting of a four pin socket is intended for connection of a triaxial DeltaTron accelerometer The recommended sensitivities are 1 00 mV m s for hand arm measurements and 10 0 mV m s for whole body which covers most applications in the field of human vibration The single axis input is used for measurements in one direction with a single axial accelerometer The single channel input consisting of a two pin socket is intended for use with a single axial accelerometer When equipped with a single axial accelerometer Type 4447 can be used as a single channel vibration meter or for simplified measurement of high level hand arm vibration along one dominant axis single axis and triaxial inputs can be used together for Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility SEAT measurements Both input sockets are equipped with a CCLD power supply for DeltaTron transducers The supply can be switched on or off The miniature USB input lower left hand side of the instrument detail 4 in Fig 1 2 has two purposes Charging Type 4447 Comm
120. surement Type 4447 may first need to wait a few seconds for any new filters to apply Otherwise the measurement will start immediately 8 While a SEAT factor measurement is in progress Curr RMS MTVV Total RMS the Peak value Total VDV and a VDV 8 for X Y and Z directions of the Seat Pad accelerometer In addition VTV is displayed for the Seat Pad The first three screens display information for the seat pad Display number four shows Total RMS and for the Seat Pad s Z axis AUX axis and the resulting SEAT factors Note When data are saved and recalled A 8 4 4 and A 1 are calculated 9 To stop the measurement press 62 for a few seconds You will be prompted to save or discard the data Press 0 once more to save the measurement or to discard it Refer to Section 3 10 1 for how to recall the measurement on Type 4447 See Section 5 3 5 on how to transfer data for archiving and post processing Mounting Accelerometers For seat mounting place the Seat Pad on the surface of the seat pan and tape or strap it to the cushion in such a way that the accelerometer is located midway between the ischial tuberosities of the seat occupant See also Section 4 2 on how to properly mount the Seat Pad onto the seat For floor mounting place the accelerometer on the floor within a 200mm diameter circle centred directly below the seat accelerometer measured perpendicularly to the floor see Fig 4 8 The accelerometer is best mou
121. ta 43 3 11 Hardware Firmware Information and 44 CHAPTER 4 Measuring with Type 4447 1 nnne 45 4 1 Making hand arm measurements 8 45 4 2 Whole body 50 4 3 SEAT factor Measurement ccccccccceeeeeceeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaeeeeeeseneeeeeseaeeees 52 4 4 Logging 54 CHAPTER 5 Post Processing with Vibration Explorer Software 1 57 5 1 System 57 5 2 Vibration Explorer 57 5 7 CHAPTER 6 Maintenance and 6 1 CHAPTER 7 Specifications 2 5 LIE cie decedere dee d CHAPTER 8 Glossary Working with Vibration Explorer Export Data and Create Software 8 022 2 0000 Using Vibration Explorer to Update the Firmware and set the Language on Type 4447
122. tal whole body vibration X or Y axis seated standing or recumbent person based ISO 8041 ISO 2631 1 10 Weighting Band limiting 10 5 2 407 2 10 10 Frequency Hz Fig 3 14 Magnitude of frequency weighting W for vertical whole body vibration Z axis seated standing or recumbent person based on ISO 8041 and ISO 2631 1 10 aa Weighting Band limiting 10 5 107 gt o 102 Ee 10 107 10 10 10 Frequency Hz 38 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 3 15 Magnitude of frequency weighting Wp for hand arm vibration all directions based on ISO 8041 and ISO 5349 1 10 Weighting Band limiting 10 5 o 5 L4 10 o 1072 1073 100 10 102 103 Frequency Hz Fig 3 16 Magnitude of frequency weighting Wy for building vibration all directions based on ISO 8041 and ISO 5349 1 10 eee Weighting Band limiting Weighting factor A a N
123. the battery is not fully discharged charging should last at least 3 hours to ensure a fully charged battery 26 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Fig 3 2 Display icon for a fully charged battery During operation when battery has about 3 of its capacity left the warning Battery low appears When you receive this warning you should save the measurement and recharge the battery To prevent loss of measured data due to a low battery the instrument automatically saves the data before shut down 3 2 Basic Operation 3 2 1 Instrument Pushbuttons The instrument is controlled using four pushbuttons see Fig 3 3 They are located on both sides of the instrument display two arrow keys left of the display and two multi function keys right of the display The function of each key is explained in the Table 3 1 Fig 3 3 Pushbuttons on Type 4447 070010 CHAPTER 3 Getting Started Using Type 4447 27 Table 3 1 Instrument pushbuttons Pushbutton Function This is a multifunction pushbutton which enables you to Turn on the instrument by pressing and holding the button for more than 3 s Accept the selected parameter Stop the measurement press and hold the key for at least 3 s Make a hard instrument reset If a hard reset is required i e the instrument is not responding press and hold the button for approximately 10s 4 m 9 2 This pushbutton has the f
124. the chosen axis On accepting the calibration sensitivity Type 4447 will save data for this axis and return to the Main menu Note The default calibration values for all accelerometers are 0m V ms 2 Until all three axes of an accelerometer have been really calibrated the first time the accelerometer cannot be used in measurements Therefore when only calibrating one or two of the three axes the transducer will not be made the selected transducer yet However after the third axis has been calibrated calibrating any of the axes will make the transducer the default selected one Calibrating Triaxial and a Single Axis Accelerometer in 3 1 Axes Mode If the transducer type has been set to 3 axes from Main menu select Setup Transducer and 3 1 axes Type 4447 offers calibrating the triaxial and single axis accelerometer in a single calibration sequence Calibration is similar to the process for a triaxial accelerometer You can choose to calibrate all axis in one sequence or do so for one selected axis only Manual Calibration An alternative to using a calibrator is manual calibration using the pushbuttons The transducer does not need to be connected during manual calibration Manual calibration requires knowledge of the accelerometer sensitivity which can be obtained from the calibration chart of the individual accelerometer 1 Ensure that the correct type of accelerometer from Main menu select Setup Transducer and Triaxial Si
125. ticular working place and it is of great importance to accurately monitor the actual exposure time What is Type 4447 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 is a small lightweight easy to use analyzer designed primarily for use in Health and Safety at Work applications It is a rugged robust and versatile instrument that can be carried by a worker to assess his or her vibration exposure The instrument is targeted at EU Directive 2002 44 EC and complies with the technical requirements of ISO 8041 2005 Human response to vibration Measuring instrumentation and can measure according to the following standards that relate to human vibration 1505349 1 Mechanical Vibration Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand transmitted vibration Part 1 General requirements e TSO 5349 2 Mechanical Vibration Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand transmitted vibration Part 2 Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace 1502631 Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposure to whole body vibration Part 1 General requirements e EN 14253 Mechanical vibration Measurement and calculation of occupational exposure to whole body vibration with reference to health Practical guidance In order to fulfil specific measurement needs Type 4447 can be ordered in four configurations See Chapter 7 Ordering Information for specifics on instrument parts and configurations The ful
126. tion value is measured using linear averaging with an averaging time that is equal to elapsed time During logging measurements the RMS value is also linearly averaged over and saved for each 1 second logging interval VDV Vibration dose value VDV The fourth root of the time integral of the fourth power of the instantaneous frequency weighted vibration acceleration VDV is measured in m s The integration time for total measurements is the elapsed time for logging measurements VDV is determined and saved for each 1 second logging interval VDV 8 8 hour vibration dose value The vibration dose value VDV measured over elapsed time is extrapolated interpolated to the value that the same signal would have given if elapsed time was 8 hours and multiplied by the respective k factor VTV Vibration total value VTV The combined vibration from the three axes defined as the root sum of squares of the vibration values multiplied by the k factors for the three axes The k factors are multiplying factors that depend on whether hand arm or whole body is measured Two different VTVs are calculated one for the Total RMS and one for Total VDV Index Numerics SHA saws 6 30 31 32 33 35 36 41 45 53 73 4447 Vibration Explorer Software 1 4 7 16 40 44 57 69 72 76 87 A A 1 A 4 A 8 6 21 42 43 44 47 52 54 67 73 75 78 92 95 About this Manual eene 1 Add Measurement Data to Workin
127. to Vibration Explorer combine them apply an exposure time for each operation and Vibration Explorer will calculate the total daily exposure If the exposure is beyond acceptable working condition limits simply use Vibration Explorer Software to model different scenarios that would lead to a reduced exposure and then export the data and create the reports Type 4447 may also be used to determine the vibration emission of a particular machine so that it can be entered in the product data sheet In this case carry out the measurement following the particular standard Often these require the measurements to be taken several times and then to report an average of these measurements Vibration Explorer also supports this function Assessment of Daily Vibration Exposure Whole body Vibrations Human exposure to whole body vibration should be evaluated using the method defined in ISO 263 1 1 1997 Whole body vibration is applicable to motions transmitted from workplace machines and vehicles to the human body through a supporting surface For health and safety evaluations this is through the buttocks and feet of a seated person or the feet of a standing person When carrying out whole body measurements it is preferable to measure over the entire exposure time If that is not possible or necessary measurements should be made over periods of at least 20 minutes Where short measurements are necessary they should be at least three minutes long and shou
128. torage section below For repair contact your local Br el amp Kj r representative Br el amp Kj r provides a high level of support and after sales service to assist customers in the handling and operation of their instruments Care Cleaning and Storage Type 4447 is a delicate precision instrument When handling storing or cleaning your instrument please take the following precautions Handling the Instrument Do not attempt to open the instrument There are no user serviceable parts inside If you think your instrument requires service please contact your Br el amp Kj r representative Do not allow the instrument to get wet Protect the instrument from impact Do not drop it Transport it in the supplied carrying pouch Only use the originally supplied charger to recharge the Li Ion batteries Master Reset In the event that the instrument does not respond that is all the functions appear blocked perform a master reset by pressing for more than 10 seconds After a reset the clock will have to be reset to show the right time and please check the Setup and Calibration menus before conducting a new measurement 51 6 1 1 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Storing the Instrument Keep Type 4447 in a dry place preferably within its carrying case Do not exceed storage temperature limits of 25 to 60 C 13 to 140 F Cleaning the Instrument If the instrument casi
129. ues This necessitates an additional factor k that must be applied to the measured vibration values For the X and Y directions the factor is 1 4 For the Z direction the factor is 1 0 CHAPTER 2 Measuring Human Vibration Theory 19 3 2 exp A 8 a 1 4 J 4 8 1 4 Eq 2 5 x exp 4 8 1 0 5 The maximum of these three values will then be the daily vibration exposure A 8 max A 8 4 8 4 8 Eq 2 6 Note 1 This is significantly different than the procedure used to determine hand arm vibration exposure where the three axes were combined to a single total vibration value However according to ISO 2631 1 1997 Section 6 5 a vibration total value may be used if no dominant axis of vibration can be found The vibration total value for whole body vibration is calculated according to the following equation a fee 147 2 7 X wx y wy Z WZ Note 2 Note the k factors in the root sum of squares Note 3 In some countries different exposure limit values are given for different axes Therefore a paradox may occur such that while the axis with the largest exposure value will not be found critical another axis with a smaller exposure value will be above the limit for this axis The report based on the axis with the highest value would not indicate a risk even though the limit is violated for another axis If a worker is exposed to mo
130. unicating with a computer A clip on the rear of the instrument enables you to secure the instrument to a belt or waistband e 1 4 1 5 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Features of Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 The main features of the instrument are Hand held and easy to use Triaxial single axis or 3 1 measurements Simultaneous measurement of Time averaged weighted acceleration value Total RMS Running RMS acceleration value Curr RMS Maximum transient vibration value MTVV Peak vibration value Peak Vibration Dose Value VDV SEAT factor measurement While measuring calculation of combined axis vibration total value VTV and for whole body the vibration dose value VDV and VDV 8 After measurement the calculation of daily exposure value normalised for 1 hour 4 hours and 8 hours 4 1 A 4 and A 8 is saved One measurement range from 1 0 mV to 3 2 V which corresponds to 1 m s to 3200 m s when a 1 mV m s hand arm accelerometer is used and 0 1 m s to 320 m s when a 10 mV m s whole body accelerometer is used For hand arm measurements frequency weighting W is used For whole body measurements frequency weighting W is used for the X and Y axis and W is used for the Z axis For building vibration frequency weighting W is used RMS MTVV Peak and VDV logging at a 1 s interval Memory capacity for 750 three axis measurements Approximately 4 7 h of
131. vibration magnitude at two positions 1 On the seat pan 2 Directly on the floor of the vehicle right underneath the seat Measurement at these two points is done simultaneously and the SEAT is computed as the ratio between these two magnitudes To express SEAT one may use the frequency weighted RMS vibration magnitudes a or VDVs Further rather than just using the ratio a SEAT factor one may multiply the result with 100 to express the seat effective vibration amplitude in percent Whether to use RMS or V DV depends on the vibrations encountered during the measurement If the vibration history was rather smooth then RMS vibration magnitude is preferable If however the vibrations included transients and shocks it is recommended to compute SEAT based on VDVs ay seat SEATpys ay floor VD Pat floor SEAT SEAT x 100 Clearly a seat would improve ride comfort when SEAT is smaller than 1 or expressed in percentage when SEAT is less than 100 If the value exceeds these limits the seat actually amplifies vibrations and thus worsens ride comfort Note In context with health risk assessment frequency weighting used for SEAT measurements is the same as for whole body measurements see Section 2 3 When assessing a seat s ability to attenuate vibrations it is important to keep in mind that seat and driver must be seen as one system The driver will add mass to the seat which preloads the seat springs and
132. ws the frequency weighting type of measurement which has to be selected prior to measurement in Setup Weighting It can be Whole body The input signals are frequency weighted with the standardised whole body curves W see Fig 3 13 and Fig 3 14 Hand arm The input signals are frequency weighted with the standardised hand arm curve JW see Fig 3 15 Building vibration The input signals are frequency weighted with the standardised building vibration curve W When the weighting field has a black background standard weighting is used When the background is yellow the band limiting versions of the filters are used In this case the signal will be filtered using the band width of the standardised filters for hand arm whole body or building vibration respectively but within the pass band the filter response is flat Note The band limiting filters are introduced for your convenience However measurements according to ISO 5349 and ISO 2631 should always be done with full weighting applied Therefore as a reminder on Type 4447 s display and in the accompanying PC software Vibration Explorer data collected with a band limiting filter will always be marked with a yellow background 3 Battery icon Shows the available battery capacity The green colour B fully charged changes to orange Lm when the battery has approximately 40 of its capacity left and to red when only 20 of its capacity is left When the
133. ype 4447 are placed in the LANGUAGE folder in Vibration Explorer s home directory 3 On return to the Instrument SW Upgrade dialogue press the language Upload button 4 A progress bar will indicate the progress Note Uploads will take some time Before uploading ensure that Type 4447 is fully charged and the USB cable is tightly plugged into the instrument and computer In case the process is interrupted e g due to the cable becoming unplugged Type 4447 will become locked In this case repeat the uploading process until the upload has been successful To Synchronise Time Between Type 4447 and PC To synchronise time and date between instrument and PC click Synchronize Time with PC Synchronisation will be confirmed with the message Synchronization OK Help and About dialogue To access online help click the Help button on the toolbar or select Help then Manual from the menu The About menu Help then About 4447 Vibration Explorer gives you access to information on the 4447 Vibration Explorer version 88 Human Vibration Analyzer Type 4447 User Manual Chapter 6 6 1 Maintenance and Service Type 4447 is designed and constructed to provide many years of reliable operation However if a fault occurs that impairs Type 4447 operation turn it off and remove all cables to prevent the risk of further damage For more information about preventing faults or damage to your Type 4447 please read the Care Cleaning and S
134. yzer Type 4447 User Manual 5 2 1 Vibration Explorer Software Installation Note To install uninstall you must be logged on the PC as an administrator 1 If there is a previous version of Vibration Explorer installed on your PC a Press Start Control Panel and then Add or Remove Programs b Select the 4447 Vibration Explorer listing and then click the Remove button 2 Insert the CD into your CD ROM drive and installation should begin automatically If it does not start automatically a Click Start and then Run The dialogue box in Fig 5 1 will be displayed b Click Browse and select the drive in which the Installation CD is loaded c From the file list select Setup exe and click OK to run the file Fig 5 1 Run dialogue ic Type the name of a program Folder document or Internet resource and Windows will open it for you Open D setup exe v aT Ce ee 3 Installation will start and you will be asked for confirmation at different stages of the installation progress Note Though most of the screenshots shown in this manual are from Windows Vista the wizard that guides you through installation is similar regardless of the operating system Windows XP Windows Vista and Windows 2000 Differences mainly relate to graphical appearance of the installation wizard In cases where differences have an influence on the installation procedure it is mentioned and explained if relevant 4 When you inst

Technical Documentation: Human Vibration Analyzer

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