User Manual
Contents
1. Powersoft s r l P n 04644200489 Via E Conti 5 Scandicci Tel 39 0557350230 Fax 05573562352. gr SZ Le CH1 de CH3 dati Vie S e TURN H2 SPEAKON CH N Han A H2 gt Zoey ay CH4 GE 2m OUT sug 79 K i Mu LINK SWITCH SPEAKON CHI CHI Zee t jet op Sx Ly aOR CH2 20 e e amp J d SPEAKON CH2 j SPEAKONCHE TI bridge mode sWersoft 12 2 Setup and settings 2 4 Introduction The figure below shows the front panel of DIGAM M Series The front panel controls and indicators give to the user the total control and detailed information about the status of the amplifier The gain control use a logarithmic scale from 8 to 32dB Read carefully the instructions below that help you to manage the functions of the amplifier i 2 CL Gi C BEER ER EEE O 0 O o 0 n d 0 0 di io O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 QU ooog TIVI VII CITI OS I 92925 02995 5 Do 05925 O CO C O 0 O 0 0 O 0 O 0 0 0 O O 10 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 O 0 0 O Oy 0 va pars A Gain control channel 1 E Power switch B Gain control channel 2 F LED indicators channel 1 and 2 C Gain control channel 3 G LED indicators channel 3 and 4 D Gain control channel 4 only for M
3. four channels is shown in figure 1 7 1 on the right side of the figure is shown the polarity of the XLR connector The figure below shows the connection of analog input for balanced and unbalanced line You can use both configuration but you must consider that unbalanced long line can introduce noise in the audio system The Link switch located in the rear panel is for direct paralleling the rear input connectors You can use the remaining input connector to carry signal to other amps RN mM SHIELD 5 IN IN Balanced input Unbalanced input In the MD model two channels the input connections are in the right side of the panel the remaining input connections are connected in parallel with the first ones with the default settings and you can use it as input connections with other amplifiers in the models with DSP built in optional these connectors function as outputs of sub channel of DSP board CLASS2 WIRING 1 1 BRIDGE 2 2 UT 1 1 2 AC n I 7 OUT CH2 D P T CH 1 05 IN ms 29 OUT jy MER oUTmCH 1 to CH2 input to CHI input of other CH2 input CH1 input amplifier or amplifier or sub audio sub audio output output y 1 1 10 Connecting Outputs Warning there are lethal voltages at the loudspeaker connectors when the amplifier is turned on To prevent any damages turn the amplifier off before connecting the loudsp
4. CONTROL OPTIONAL DSP DGMCONTROL DGMCONTROL INPUT EMI FILTER AMPLIFIER amp DISPLAY BOARD LIMITER CIRCUIT ERROR AMPLIFIER LMAIN DGMCONTROL DGMCONTROL DGMCONTROL LMAIN OUTPUT HALF LMAIN CLOCK GENERATOR MODULATOR BUFFER amp LEAD OUTPUT STAGE BRIDGE POWER OUTPUT LOW PASS AND DIVIDER TIME CONTROL DRIVER STAGE FILTER OUTPUT SIGNAL LMAIN LMAIN LMAIN LMAIN LMAIN FRONT LED FAN CONTROL DRIVER FOATING PROTECTION EMI FILTER CONTROL POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT OUT STAGE POWER SUPPLY AUDIO SIGNAL MAINS 115 230Vac Et ETE MAINS LMAIN ani erac PROTECTION AND VOLTAGE SELECTOR DERE gt CONTROL LINE AND DIODE BRIDGE gt 12v INTERNAL AUX SUPPLY 5v y m 7 2 Technical specifications POWER REQUIREMENTS Power supply 140 AC 115V or 230V factory selection 15 25 50 60Hz 400VA Power supply i AC 115V or 230V factory selection 15 25 50 60Hz 600VA Power supply M9ODJ x aa AC 115V or 230V factory selection 15 25 50 60Hz 800VA Power supply 2 occum eco rada AC 115V or 230V factory selection 15 2596 50 60Hz 700VA Power Supply Mb Q a a ettet es 115V or 230 factory selection 15 25 50 60Hz 1000VA Operating terperature tenia dte PR APRIRE TU er NO E HT RR T DR 0 C 45 C VEGA A DP 7 3Kg Extemal dim fislgrie 2 notte Paletten itte tat die dalia ridire Standard rac
5. air enters through the slots in the front panel and courses over and through components The DIGAM series amplifiers feature an intelligent variable speed DC fan which is controlled by heat sink temperature sensing circuits the fan speed will increase only when the temperature of the heat sink requires it which keeps fan noise to a minimum and helps cut dust accumulation inside Under extreme thermal load the fan will force a very large volume of air through the heat sink If the heat sink gets too hot its sensing circuit will reduce the output power If the amplifier overheats another sensing circuit shuts down its circuit to cut off power until it cools to a safe temperature The exhaust cooling air is forced out through the rear of the chassis see figure 1 2 1 so make sure there is enough space around the sides of the amplifier to allow the air to escape If it is rack mounted make sure the exhaust air can flow without resistance If you are using a rack with closed backs there must be at least one standard rack space of Opening in the front of the rack for every four amplifiers Amplifiers may be stacked directly on top of each other no space needed between units starting from the bottom of the rack mounting holes GO NS mounting holes 1 3 Operating Precautions Make sure the AC mains voltage is correct and is the same as that printed on the cover of the amplifier Damage caused by connecting the amplifier to improper AC vo
6. H SW103 DIP SWITCH SW102 DIP SWITCH DSP socket for CH3 and channel only for LQ model only for MQ model only for MD model y 8 1 6 Mounting DSP module s Warning before removing the cover turn off the power switch and unplug the mains cable The Digam M series has optional DSP modules for additional sound effects To mount or unmount the DSP modules remove the cover you can mount this modules on the 72 pin SIMM sockets as showed in the figure below 1 7 Removing DSP module s The correct operations for mounting a DSP module is shown in the figures below first open the fingers then rotate the module in the vertical position and extract it y 1 8 Dip switch settings The figure below shows the dip switch settings for any operating mode of the amplifier DSP NOT INSTALLED CH1 2 CH3 4 MQ ONLY DSP INSTALLED CH3 4 MQ ONLY 1 2 vum SW102 SW302 CH3 4 OUTSUB DSP CH1 2 MQ ONLY DSP ON CH1 NEEDED ote una SW102 SW30 CH3 4 CH1 2 MQ ONLY SET SW102 AS NEEDED FOR DSP INSTALLED OR NOT CN303 CN403 AS SPARE OUTPUTS CH1 2 MD ONLY SW104 CN303 CN403 AS EXTERNAL SUB OUT MD ONLY DSP NEEDED on amp 35 6 7 8 SW104 y 10 1 9 Connecting Inputs Input connections are made via the 3 pin XLR male type on the rear side of the amplifier The connection for MQ model
7. IGF ITI M SERIES Digital Audio Amplifier for Professional Applications User Manual Release 01 15 7 2010 PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK y 1 Table of contents IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS cccssssccsssscccsssscccesssccccssnscccsssncccesssccessssccecssccccessacccessnsccecssseecsssaccecssnsese 2 to e CeSC 8 HOLD 2 INTRODUCTION 4 1 INSTALLATION AND reca see re ro eere sees eae nS E ena eoe SERERE nee tease poca acerra 5 1 1 UNPACKING EE 5 1 2 hue gH PIC 6 1 3 OPERATING PRECAUTIONS e Oe ees Sete Cea CUR EUR LR IER ETE Y de fo 6 1 4 AAC MAINS CONNECTION I eec tS nee E uU ek ek ea ERE RE RUE Sa cae EO REPE ee 7 1 5 BUILDING AND SETTING DSP MODULE S esses ener nennen rene reinen 7 1 6 MOUNTING DSP 5 iiec t pte et HR IER INR e tea e TRU RR REN Ue chin gl nane 8 13 REMOVING DSP MODULE S tte e ee P RR Me Te ho E NER E RE RE ara Ree ge 8 1 8 IDIP SWITCH SETTINGS ees os ich ee eec ee Ra EE Pee ERU ETE PAD Ee REV ee Cans Ue UE Ae E NUR CARE e len UE DE Ea er ena dua 9 1 9 CONNECTING INPUTS 5 5 aceto Got Seuss EU Pee ana na RA EA e v ER ER REN EE CR eR te pees 10 TJO CONNECTING OUTPUTS ee teorie eoe eere ete bu Gace roce eve duas Ue Ge Pues aov rv een rt 11 2 SETUP AND SETTINGS is s
8. OT OPEN CAUTION To reduce the risk of electric shock do not remove the cover No user serviceable parts inside Refer servicing to qualified service personnel KEEP THIS INSTRUCTIONS SAFEGUARDS Electrical energy can perform many useful functions This unit has been engineered and manufactured to assure your personal safety Improper use can result in potential electrical shock or fire hazards In order not to defeat the safeguards observe the following instructions for its installation use and servicing NOTES This equipment has been tested and found to comply by Competent Body Directive 89 336 EEC EMC pursuant to the product family standard for audio professional use EN 55103 1 and EN 55103 2 standard EN61000 3 2 EN 61000 3 31 This is a Class A product In a domestic environment this product my cause radio interferences in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures This equipment has been tested and found to comply by Notified Body Directive 73 23 EEC L V pursuant to the audio apparatus safety requirements Standard EN 60065 Warning notices Location Install the amplifier in a well ventilated location where it will not be exposed to high temperature or humidity Do not install the amplifier in a location that is exposed to direct rays of the sun or near to hot appliances or radiators Excessive heat can adversely affect the cabinet and internal components Installation of the amplifier in a d
9. Q models 2 2 TheLED indicators The figure below shows the front panel of DIGAM M Series and refers to a single couple of channels The clip LED when lighting indicates the clipping state for the output stage of the corresponding channel The signal 18dB and 6dB LEDs operate as V meter and the signal LED is lighted when the signal is present in the input stage of the correspondent channel The ready LED when lighted indicates that the start up time after power on is finished and the amplifier is ready to use The temp LED when lighted indicates that the output stage of the corresponding channel is reducing the output power due to an over heated state CO 32 READY ABCE FER g A Clipping and protection indicator channel 1 3 F Over temperature indicator B 6dB output level indicator channel 1 or 3 G Signal presence indicator channel 2 lor 4 C 18dB output level indicator channel 1 or 3 H 18dB output level indicator channel 2 or 4 D signal presence indicator channel 1 or 3 6dB output Level indicator channel 2 or 4 E Ready indicator J Clipping and protection indicator channel 2 lor 4 y B 3 Protection 3 4 Turn On Turn Off muting For about four seconds after turn on and immediately at turn off the amplifier outputs are muted 3 2 Short circuit protection A short circuit protection system safeguards the amplifier s output transistors under
10. ain high performances across the audio band Powersoft holds several patents on the DIGAM technology The M Series The more important characteristics of the L series are the compact dimensions the light weight and the ease of use Moreover for the M series amplifiers are upgradable with DSP The Show Always Goes On DIGAM Series is completely protected against every possible error in operation and is designed to work under every condition It gives you maximum power with maximum safety and increases long term reliability Anticipating potential problems at the design stage means your show always goes on y 1 Installation and operation 1 1 Unpacking Carefully open the shipping carton and check for any noticeable damage the figure below shows the view of the packing Every Powersoft amplifier is completely tested and inspected before leaving the factory and should arrive in perfect condition If you find any damage notify the shipping company immediately Be sure to save the carton and all packing materials for the carrier s inspection mains cable amplifier y 6 1 2 Mounting All DIGAM amplifiers are previewed for the standard 19 rack mounting there are four front panels holes and two rear lateral holes The amplifiers must be fixed into rack in both sides back and frontal to avoid mechanical damages Your DIGAM amplifier uses a forced air cooling system to maintain a low even operating temperature Drawn by an internal fan
11. amp or dusty environment may result in malfunction or accident Precautions regarding installation Placing and using the amplifier for long periods on heat generation sources will affect performances Avoid placing the amplifier on heat generating sources Install this amplifier as far as possible from tuners and TV sets An amplifier installed in close proximity to such equipment may cause noise or degradation of the picture WARNING To prevent fire or electric shock e ventilation openings must not be impeded by any items as newspapers table clothes curtains etc keep a distance of at least 50cm from the front and rear ventilation openings of the amplifier e do not expose this equipment to rain or moisture 1 M50Q pending y 3 e apparatus shall not be exposed to dripping or splashing and no objects filled with liquids such as vases shall be placed on the apparatus Safety rules A e This device must be powered exclusively by earth connected mains sockets in electrical networks compliant to the IEC 364 or similar rules e ls absolutely necessary to verify this fundamental requirement of safety and in case of doubt require an accurate check by a qualified personnel e constructor cannot be considered responsible for eventual damages caused to persons things or data for the missing of accurate earth link Before powering this device verify that the amplifier is supplied with the correct voltage rating Verify
12. d without any charge a part for the transport expenses to return the unit at Powersoft premises The repaired replaced amplifier will be finally returned to you with the original shipping carton at our charge The Warranty conditions will not be applied in case the amplifier has been damaged by repair attempts inadequate or poor packaging any kind of improper use maintenance overvoltage incorrect connection use with wrong or faulty associated equipment or accessories exposure to rigid weather conditions excess moisture etc Warranty terms will not be consider for any unit where the serial number has been removed and or it is not clearly readable Powersoft is not responsible for any incidental or consequential damages the responsibility is limited to the product itself Powersoft reserves the right to make changes or improvements in design or manufacturing without assuming any obligation to change or improve product previously manufactured 6 Assistance The local Powersoft distributor reseller will be glad to support you in case of fault or for any additional information If you cannot contact your local distributor reseller please mail to support audio powersoft it Do not ship any unit to Powersoft for Factory Service before having had the Powersoft authorization 7 Technical notes 71 Block diagram The figure 7 1 1 shows the amplifier block diagram SIGNAL INPUT DGMCONTROL LFRONT DGMDSPA gt LMAIN DIFFERENTIAL VOLUME
13. eaker Output connectors are made via Neutrik Speakon connectors Consult the wire gauge chart to find a suitable wire gauge to minimize power and damping factor losses in the speaker cables For each device the 1 pin of Speakon connector have to be considered the positive output of the channel the 1 pin of Speakon connector have to be considered the negative output of the channel Note Channel B is always polarity reversed output stage but polarity compensated by feeding the minus pins of the channel B output with the output voltage Channel A is connected in the polarity mode By having channel A and B operating in opposite polarity the energy storage in the power supply is more efficient This is significant for signals below 100Hz sub bass etc and improves the power bandwidth The outputs can also work on bridge mode see the figure 1 8 2 for the connections in this mode Be sure to use balanced inputs on all measurement equipment also oscilloscope probes in your testing bench The figure below shows the connection of the Speakons to the speakers Pay attention to the position of the link switch in stereo mode turn the position to off in bridge mode turn to on and turn the gain control of each couple of channels at the same level In bridge mode the dots lines indicate an alternative connection of the speaker SPEAKON CHI SPEAKON CH3 7 aN Y p Nl 7 E en TURN p gt
14. ere are no user serviceable parts in your DIGAM amplifier Refer servicing to qualified technical personnel In addition to having an in house service department Powersoft supports a network of authorized service centers If your DIGAM amplifier needs repair contact your Powersoft dealer or distributor or contact the Powersoft Technical Service department to obtain the location of the nearest authorized service center sWersoft A 43 Dust removal Especially in a dusty environment the front side filters clog with dust after prolonged use this will interfere with cooling You may use compressed air to remove the dust from filters To remove air filters see the figure below unscrew n 2 M2 5X6 screws and pull off the covering grill 5 Warranty Powersoft prides itself on the quality and reliability of its products that are designed and manufactured to meet the highest quality standards We are also proud of the great care we assure to our customers We are confident that you will never have a need to take advantage of this warranty but in the unlikely event of a failure or deviation in performance we ll do our very best to get you swiftly back in business Powersoft amplifiers warranty is calculated from the original date of purchase from an Authorized Powersoft Dealer During this time if your amplifier fails for any defect in components and or labour under a correct and regular use it will be repaired or at our sole opinion replace
15. fore they fail Reduce power immediately if you hear any speaker bottoming out harsh pops or cracking distortion that indicate that the speaker voice coil or diaphragm is striking the magnet assembly Powersoft recommends that you use amplifiers of this power range for more headroom cleaner sound rather than for increased volume Speaker output shock hazard A A DIGAM amplifier is capable of producing hazardous output voltages To avoid electrical shock do not touch any exposed speaker wiring while the amplifier is operating This manual contains important information on operating your DIGAM amplifier correctly and safely Please read it carefully before operating your amplifier If you have any questions contact your Powersoft dealer y 4 Introduction Powersoft is a leading company in the field of high efficiency audio power management The totally new Powersoft s DIGAM DIGItal AMplifier technology has changed the way the world looks at professional audio amplification No other amplifiers come close for applications demanding high power and long term reliability Thanks to amazing reductions in heat output along with reductions in weight and the specific high output power DIGAM amplifiers can be used in an unlimited range of applications such as concert touring opera houses theatres churches cinema theme parks television sound stages and industrial applications More sound and less weight Compared to a conventional amplifie
16. k 19 W 1 Units H 358 mm D AUDIO SECTION Bandwidth ILE Tm 10Hz 30KHz Damping factor 8 c E at 100Hz gt 5000 Slew 0 OMIM foem gt 40V u s Input filter bypassed sir Sa EEE AAA ERO cues 2113 dB A 20Hz to 20KHz Distortion THD DIM SMPTE c ccccscccccessesesesceessescseeeecenescececensnsaeaseeessneaaeeeeeeeeneeeeaaeates lt 0 5 from 1W to full power Inputs ene ee dieci Balanced to ground XLR female Impedance Ever etes ain ai ue utes 10Kohm each leg balanced to ground eet m TR 32dB 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 14 4 00 control knob detent selection Oulpults iia Neutrik 4 pole Speakon connectors pins 1 1 2 2 bridge OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS Power Watts EIAJ per channel all ch s driven 1KHz 1 THD 115 or 230 V mains 4 Q dual quad 8 dual quad 8 bridge 16 Q bridge M14D 2 x 700W 2 X 360W 1 X 1400W 1X 720W M20D 2 x 1000W 2 X 600W 1X 2000W 1 X 1200W M30D 2 1500W 2 X 900W 1 X 3000W 1 X 1800W M28Q 4 X 700W 4 X 360W 2 X 1400W 2 X 720W M50Q 4 X 1250W 4 x 750W 2 X 2500W 2 X 1500W FEATURES LED bars indicators Over temperature forecasting Thermal protection Short circuit protection Over load output protection Temperature controlled air cooling system Clip limiter and permanent signal limiter Gain control Auto reset system Parallel inputs switch Input signal presence LED Options DSP plug in board
17. ltage is not covered by the warranty Make sure the power switch is off before making any input or output connections It is always a good idea to have the gain controls muted during power up to prevent speaker damage if there is a high signal level at the inputs Whether you buy them or make them use good quality input and speaker cables Most intermittent problems are caused by faulty cables Use good quality connectors and wire along with good soldering technique to ensure trouble free reliability y lt 7 1 4 AC Mains connection Warning before connect the mains be sure that the amplifier is set up to the correct mains voltage The AC Mains connection is made via the IEC type connector on the rear side of the panel The figure below shows the connection to the amplifier Be sure that your AC mains power source has the requirements indicated in this manual It is important to connect the ground for safety do not use adapters that disable the ground lock the plug ZIO I NN ENS SS GROUND 1 5 Building and setting DSP module s Warning before removing the cover turn off the power switch and unplug the mains cable The Digam M series has optional DSP modules for additional sound effects To mount or unmount the DSP modules remove the cover you can mount this modules on the 72 pin SIMM sockets as showed in the figure below DSP modules SW104 DIP SWITCH DSP socket for CH1 and CH2 channel SW302 DIP SWITC
18. r Powersoft DIGAM technology offers very high efficiency and delivers more power to the loudspeakers with much reduced heat dissipation This greater efficiency enables dimensions weight and power consumption to be reduced The output stages of the amplifiers typically run at 95 efficiency dissipating only 5 of the input energy as heat One of the most interesting characteristics is that DIGAM s efficiency is almost independent of output level Conventional amplifiers achieve their best efficiency only at full rated power output Since standard music has an average power density of 40 of the maximum level conventional amplifiers can easily generate 10 times more heat than DIGAM for the same volume of sound Superior Sound Sonic Accuracy Crystal clear highs and a tight well defined low end the most accurate reproduction of an audio signal Patented design features ensure very high performance in parameters such as distortion frequency response slew rate power bandwidth and dumping factor Totally Digital with High Reliability The DIGAM series is based on PWM technology that has been used for 30 years or more in power supplies and inverters PWM provides high reliability small size low weight and high efficiency A PWM converter works as a high frequency sampler converting the variable amplitude audio signal into an impulse sequence with average value equal to the audio input DIGAM amplifiers use very high sampling frequencies to obt
19. short circuits and other stressful loads It is completely inaudible when inactive In case of short circuit the red LED will be lightened The amplifier reset protection mode himself with 2 seconds of retry cycle 3 3 Thermal protection A DIGAM amplifier uses a continuously variable speed fan to assist cooling the fan speed changes in response to the amplifiers cooling needs If the heathsink temperature reaches approximately 75 C the TEMP LED lights up and the output power is reduced to prevent damages to the output stage If the temperature is more than 85 C the thermal sensing circuitry will mute each power section channels Once the heathsink has cooled down the amplifier will automatically unmute but the LED will be unlighted at 75 C It will be possible to reduce the temperature reducing the output power 3 4 DC fault protection If DC or excessive subsonic energy appears at a channel output an instantaneous protection circuit will mute both channels of the amplifier The amplifier shutdown is used instead off of speaker relays thereby improving the damping factor and reliability of the DIGAM amplifiers 3 5 Input Output protection An ultrasonic network decouples RF from the outputs and keeps the amplifier stable with reactive loads 4 User maintenance 41 Cleaning Disconnect the amplifier from the AC main source first use a soft cloth and mild non abrasive solution to clean the faceplate and chassis 42 Service Th
20. ssssssctiicecsicessctecciaccstusesscstasessessasutecssestesgecssosswietess setusecsdusessestadessestssedees tesssisteesteseessssuseeee 12 2 1 INTRODUCTION ira RR 12 2 2 THETEBDINDBICATORS ri RENT A e Bee e REA TER a aS ebbe te ees 12 3 bce trenta iene 13 3 1 TURN ON TURN OFF MUTING vii 13 3 2 SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION ccccccccecsessscececececsesseaeceeececeessaaeceeccecseneeseeeeeceeseaeseeeesesesenseaeseeececsesesaeeeeececeeneas 13 3 3 THERMAL PROTECTION ii 13 3 4 DC FAULT PROTECTION ccccccccccscsesscececececsenseseceeccecsesaaececececsessseseeececeeaaeseeececseseaaeseeececeeeaaseeeececseneaeaeeeeeees 13 3 5 INPUT OUTPUT PROTECTION enne en 13 4 USER MAIN TENANGE Dem 13 41 E ANIN E aaa 13 4 2 SERVICE M ER REI RO 13 4 3 DUST REM OV AM Ri 14 5 WARRANTY iris A dessus 14 6 ASSISTANCE om iii 14 7 TECHNICAL NOTE Sierra 15 7 1 BLOCK DIA GRA Me AN So IST BeNOR Cau 15 7 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS eiit tectae Ere eee AEREI de CARTA TR I Cae 16 y 2 Important safety instructions CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO N
21. that your mains connection is capable to satisfy the power ratings of the device Do not spill water or other liquids into or on the unit Do not use this unit if the electrical power cord is frayed or broken Do not remove the cover Removing the cover will expose you to potentially dangerous voltage No naked flame sources such like lighted candles should be placed on the amplifier Provide sectioning breaker between mains connections and apparatus Suggested device is 10A 250Vac 230Vac mains voltage or 16A 250Vac 110Vac mains voltage C or D curve 10KA e Contact the authorized service center for ordinary and extraordinary maintenance Speaker damage The DIGAM series amplifiers are among the most powerful professional amplifiers available and are capable of producing much more power than many loudspeakers can handle It is the user s responsibility to use suitable speakers with the amplifier and to use them in a sensible way that will not cause damage Powersoft will not be responsible for damaged speakers Consult the speaker manufacturer for power handling recommendations Even if you reduce the gain using the amplifier s front panel attenuation controls it is still possible to reach full output power if the input signal level is high enough A single high power crescendo can damage high frequency drivers almost instantaneously while low frequency drivers can usually withstand very high continuous power levels for a few seconds be
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