Automatic Detection of Vehicle Accidents and Theft
Contents
1. A BIE S E msc H ISDN PaFCN Ne I I i Fm anc Base Slatiun Sueystemn Network Subsyste Saton SIM Sussccibe csntity Moculs OSC Dase Stato Contcller MOC osie services Owitchng Center ME Fosie Exuipmec HLA Home Locaticn Register EIR Eouipmeci ldentiy Register BTS Base Transceiver Station WLR Vistor Lacatior Register Ault authentication Center Fig 2 General Architecture of a GSM network The critical physical dimensions of MEMS devices can vary from well below one micron on the lower end of the dimensional spectrum all the way to several millimeters Likewise the types of MEMS devices can vary from relatively simple structures having no moving elements to extremely complex electromechanical systems with multiple moving elements under the control of integrated microelectronics The one main criterion of MEMS is that there are at least some elements having some sort of mechanical functionality whether or not these elements can move The term used to define MEMS varies in different parts of the world In the United States they are predominantly called MEMS while in some other parts of the world they are called Microsystems Technology or micro machined devices While the functional elements of MEMS are miniaturized structures sensors actuators and microelectronics the most notable and perhaps most interesting elements are the micro sensors and micro IJPRES 67 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFES2. Control Segment The control segment is responsible for constantly monitoring satellite health signal integrity and orbital configuration from the ground control segment includes the following sections gt Master control station gt Monitor stations gt Ground antennas Monitor Stations At least six unmanned monitor stations are located around the world Each station constantly monitors and receives information from the GPS satellites and then sends the orbital and clock information to the master control station MCS Master Control Station MCS The MCS is located near Colorado Springs in Colorado The MCS constantly receives GPS satellite orbital and clock information from monitor stations The controllers in the MCS make precise corrections to the data as necessary and send the information known as ephemeris data to the GPS satellites using the ground antennas Ground Antennas Ground antennas receive the corrected orbital and clock information from the MCS and then send the corrected information to the appropriate satellites IJPRES 69 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES User Segment The GPS user segment consists of your GPS receiver Your receiver collects and processes signals from the GPS satellites that are in view and then uses that information to determine and display your location speed time and so forth Your GPS receiver does not transmit any information back to the
3. be able to remove the key when the car is on If the tumblers begin to shift the lock cylinder may not turn Sometimes the key can be wiggled until the lock cylinder turns but it is important to remember that this is only a temporary fix V CONCLUSION With the advent of science and technology in every walk of life the importance of vehicle safety has increased and the main priority is being given to reduce the alarming time when an accident occur so that the wounded lives can be attended in lesser time by the rescue team This paper provides the design which has the advantages of low cost portability small size and easy expansibility The platform of the system is ARM along with MEMS GPS and GSM interfacing to locate the site of accident accurately This system can overcome the problems of lack of automated system for accident location detection Consequently the time for searching the location is reduced and the person can be treated as soon as possible which will save many lives This system will have broad application prospects as it integrates the positioning systems and the network of medical based services The accident can be detected by MEMS sensor which will give the accurate information The controller will process the data as soon as input is received by the controller and message is sent through the GSM module The geographical coordinates and the time of the site of the accident is detected by the GPS module An altern
4. 0 913 April 2011 8 Raj Kamal EMBEDDED SYSTEMS achitecture programming and design Second Edition TATA McGraw Hill publishing Company Limited 2008 9 Steve Furber ARM SYSTEM ON CHIP ARCHITECTURE SECOND EDITION Pearson Education Limited 2000 10 GSM User Manual SIMCOM LTD August 2006 11 Arm User Manual Phillips August 2005 12 MEMS User Manual Free scale Semiconductors 2009 13 GPS Beginner s Guide Garmin LTD 2008 T MRUDULA pursuing her M tech in Embedded Systems from Nova College of Engineering amp Technology for Women Jupudi villaga Ibrahimpatnam mandal Krishna Dist A P India Volume I Issue 2 DEC 2013 Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada and is approved by AICTE Delhi V V G S RAJENDRA PRASAD his Qualification is M tech MISTE currently working as Professor amp HOD in the Department of Electronics and communication Engineering Nova College of Engineering amp Technology for Women Jupudi village Ibrahimpatnam mandal Krishna Dist A P India Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada and is approved by AICTE Delhi IJPRES 11
5. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume I Issue 2 DEC 2013 Automatic Detection of Vehicle Accidents and Theft Identification T Mrudula V V G S Rajendra Prasad M Tech Student Dept of ECE Nova College of Engineering amp Technology for Women Jupudi village Ibrahimpatnam mandal Krishna Dist A P India Professor amp HOD Dept of ECE Nova College of Engineering amp Technology for Women Jupudi village brahimpatnam mandal Krishna Dist A P India Abstract The high demand of automobiles has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents This is because of the lack of best emergency facilities available in our country Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back An accelerometer can be used in a car alarm application so that dangerous driving can be detected It can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash With signals from an accelerometer a severe accident can be recognized According to this project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately Vibration sensor will detect the signal or if a car rolls over and Micro electro mechanical system MEMS sensor will detects the signal and sends it to ARM controller Microcontroller sends the alert message through the GSM MODEM including the location to police control room or a rescue team So the police can immediately trace the location through the GPS MODEM afte
6. SIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES actuators Micro sensors and micro actuators are appropriately categorized as transducers which are defined as devices that convert energy from one form to another In the case of micro sensors the device typically converts a measured mechanical signal into an electrical signal Over the past several decades MEMS researchers and developers have demonstrated an extremely large number of micro sensors for almost every possible sensing modality including temperature pressure inertial forces chemical species magnetic fields radiation etc Remarkably many of these micro machined sensors have demonstrated performances exceeding those of their macro scale counterparts D O mponents of MES MicroeA ctustorea MicroSensers MicroElectronics Microstructures Fig 3 Components of MEMS That is the micro machined version of for example a pressure transducer usually outperforms a pressure sensor made using the most precise macro scale level machining techniques Not only is the performance of MEMS devices exceptional but their method of production leverages the same batch fabrication techniques used in the integrated circuit industry which can translate into low per device production costs as well as many other benefits Consequently it is possible to not only achieve stellar device performance but to do so at a relatively low cost level Not surprisingly silicon based discrete micro se
7. apability giving consumers a seamless service This has been a vital driver in growth with around 300 million In the Americas today s 7 million subscribers are set to grow rapidly with market potential of 500 million in population due to the introduction of GSM 800 which allows operators using the 800 MHz band to have access to GSM technology too GSM together with other technologies is part of an evolution of wireless mobile telecommunication that includes High Speed Circuit Switched Data HCSD General Packet Radio System GPRS Enhanced Data GSM Environment EDGE and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service UMTS GSM security issues such as theft of service privacy and legal interception continue to raise significant interest in the GSM community The purpose of this portal is to raise awareness of these issues with GSM security The mobile communications has become one of the driving forces of the digital revolution Every day millions of people are making phone calls by pressing a few buttons Little is known about how one person s voice reaches the other person s phone that is thousands of miles away Even less is known about the security measures and protection behind the system The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as people begin sending text messages and digital pictures to their friends and family The cell phone is slowly turning into a handheld computer All the features and advancements in cell phone t
8. ate condition is given by pressing a switch in order to interrupt the flow of sending the message in case of no casualty this will help to save time of medical rescue team and unnecessary alarming which creates havoc in such unusual conditions The accident location automatic detection will help us to provide security to the vehicles and to the lives of the people The high priority is given to the lives of the IJPRES 70 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES people Hence this paper provides a feasible solution to traffic hazards and it gives security to vehicle and reduces loss of valuable lives and property REFERENCES 1 Yao Jin The discussion of Road Traffic Safety Countermeasures System J Private Science and Technology 2010 2 Wang Wel Embedded Microcontroller MC9S08AW60 Principles and Application M Beijing Beijing Aerospace University Press 2008 3 Zhu Yi Yang Shubo MMA series of acceleration sensor principles and application J Medical equipment 2008 4 TAYLORRK SCHROCKMD BLOOMFIELDJ Dynamic testing of GPS receivers J Transactions of the ASAE 2004 47 4 5 SIEMENS TC351 Hardware Interface Description M April 14 2003 6 Ma Chao Embedded GSM message interface hardware and software design J Microcontroller and Embedded Systems 2003 7 Wang Wei and Fan Hanbo Traffic accident automatic detection and remote alarm device IEEE proc ICEICE pp 91
9. behind the system The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as people begin sending text messages and digital pictures to their friends and family The cell phone is slowly turning into a handheld computer All the features and advancements in cell phone technology require a backbone to support it The system has to provide security and the capability for growth to accommodate future enhancements General System for Mobile Communications GSM is one of the many solutions out there GSM has been dubbed the Wireless Revolution and it doesn t take much to realize why GSM provides a secure and confidential method of communication GSM Global System for Mobile communication is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in many parts of the world GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access TDMA and is the IJPRES 66 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technologies TDMA GSM and CDMA GSM digitizes and compresses data then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data each in its own time slot GSM operates in the 900MHz 1800MHz or 1900 MHz frequency bands GSM has been the backbone of the phenomenal success in mobile telecoms over the last decade Now at the dawn of the era of true broadband services GSM continues to evolve to meet new demands One of GSM s great strengths is its international roaming c
10. d some predefined parameters are stored in the Microcontroller Whenever we find that our vehicle is missing we can simply send a SMS or give a Muissed Call to GSM Modem from the authorized mobile to block the vehicle such that the vehicle will not move forward anymore Then the Microcontroller gets the location of vehicle by the GPS modem and sends the message to the same mobile using GSM modem The message includes the location at which the vehicle is present at that particular instant of time And after vehicle gets blocked it will move further only when password was given to the system Whenever any vehicle hits our Volume I Issue 2 DEC 2013 vehicle Accident of a vehicle is identified by using a sensor and the information will be sent to the GSM modem In this section we are using an H bridge circuit to drive the motor Micro Controller LPC2148 MEMS Acceleromet ar Fig 1 Block diagram of proposed system IV Board Hardware Resources Features GSM Module GSM Global System for Mobile communication is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in many parts of the world The mobile communications has become one of the driving forces of the digital revolution Every day millions of people are making phone calls by pressing a few buttons Little is known about how one person s voice reaches the other person s phone that is thousands of miles away Even less is known about the security measures and protection
11. echnology require a backbone to support it The system has to provide security and the capability for growth to accommodate future enhancements General System for Mobile Communications GSM is one of the many solutions out there GSM has been dubbed the Wireless Revolution and it doesn t take much to realize why GSM provides a secure and confidential method of communication MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems MEMS is the integration of mechanical elements sensors actuators and electronics on a common silicon substrate through micro fabrication technology While the electronics are fabricated using Volume I Issue 2 DEC 2013 integrated circuit IC process sequences e g CMOS Bipolar or BICMOS processes the micromechanical components are fabricated using compatible micromachining processes that selectively etch away parts of the silicon wafer or add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices MEMS promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon based microelectronics with micromachining technology making possible the realization of complete systems on a chip MEMS is an enabling technology allowing the development of smart products augmenting the computational ability of microelectronics with the perception and control capabilities of micro sensors and micro actuators and expanding the space of possible designs and applications RR wR
12. engine is not running which is why drive in movie theaters recommend that the car be left in the accessories mode during the movie The on position turns on all of the car s systems including systems such as the fuel pump because this is the position the ignition switch remains in while the car s engine is running The start position is spring loaded so that the ignition switch will not remain there when the key is released When the key is inserted into the ignition switch lock cylinder and turned to the start position the starter engages when the key is released it returns to the on position cutting power to the starter This is because the engine runs at speeds that the starter cannot match Volume I Issue 2 DEC 2013 meaning that the starter gear must be retracted once the engine 1s running on its own Either the ignition switch or the lock cylinder may fail in a car but both circumstances have very different symptoms When the ignition switch fails generally the electrical wiring or the plastic housing develops problems The car may not turn on and or start when this happens Also the spring loaded start position could malfunction in which case the starter will not engage unless the key is manually turned back to the on position When the lock cylinder malfunctions however the operation of the key itself will become problematic If the tumblers become stripped the lock cylinder may be able to turn with any key or you may
13. ent At least 24 GPS satellites orbit the earth twice a day in a specific pattern They travel at approximately 7 000 miles per hour about 12 000 miles above the earth s surface These satellites are spaced so that a GPS receiver anywhere in the world can receive signals from at least four of them gt Each GPS satellite constantly sends coded radio signals pseudorandom code to the earth These GPS satellite signals contain the following information gt The particular satellite that is sending the information gt Where that satellite should be at any given time the precise location of the satellite is called ephemeris data gt Whether or not the satellite is working properly gt The date and time that the satellite sent the signal The signals can pass through clouds glass and plastic Most solid objects such as buildings attenuate decrease the power of the signals The signals cannot pass through objects that contain a lot of metal or objects that contain water such as underwater locations The GPS satellites are powered by solar energy If solar energy is unavailable for example Volume I Issue 2 DEC 2013 when the satellite is in the earth s shadow satellites use backup batteries to continue running Each GPS satellite is built to last about 10 years The Department of Defense monitors and the satellites to ensure that GPS technology continues to run smoothly for years to come Fig 5 GPS Modem
14. keys the users can enroll their eye images or will enter their passwords Ignition Switch The term ignition switch is often used interchangeably to refer to two very different parts the lock cylinder into which the key is inserted and the electronic switch that sits just behind the lock cylinder In some cars these two parts are combined into one unit but in other cars they remain separate Accelerometer Micro Electro Mechanical Systems or MEMS is a technology that in its most general form can be defined as miniaturized mechanical and electro mechanical elements i e devices and structures that are made using the techniques of micro fabrication GSM Modem GSM GPRS RS232 Modem from rhydo LABZ is built with sim com Make SIM900 Quad band GSM GPRS engine works on frequencies 850 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz It is very compact in size and easy to use as plug in GSM Modem GPS The Global Positioning System GPS is a satellite based navigation system that sends and receives radio signals A GPS receiver acquires these signals and provides you with information Using GPS technology you can determine location velocity and time 24 hours a day in any weather conditions anywhere in the world for free III Design of Proposed Hardware System The process of working of this project is explained as follows this total equipment of this project is placed in a vehicle The authorized person details with mobile number an
15. nsors were quickly commercially exploited and the markets for these devices continue to grow at a rapid rate More recently the MEMS research and development community has demonstrated a number of micro actuators including micro valves for control of gas and liquid flows optical switches and mirrors to redirect or modulate light beams independently controlled micro mirror arrays for displays micro resonators for a number of different applications micro pumps to develop positive fluid pressures micro flaps to modulate airstreams on airfoils as well Volume I Issue 2 DEC 2013 as many others Surprisingly even though these micro actuators are extremely small they frequently can cause effects at the macro scale level that 1s these tiny actuators can perform mechanical feats far larger than their size would imply For example researchers have placed small micro actuators on the leading edge of airfoils of an aircraft and have been able to steer the aircraft using only these microminiaturized devices i a 4700 15 0kV 11 8mm x130 SE U 400um Fig 4 A surface micro machined electro statically actuated micro motor fabricated by the MNX This device is an example of a MEMS based micro actuator GPS Global Positioning System GPS technology is changing the way we work and play You can use GPS technology when you are driving flying fishing sailing hiking running biking working or exploring With a GPS receiver yo
16. optimum solution to poor emergency facilities provided to the roads accidents in the most feasible way II The Hardware System Micro controller This section forms the control unit of the whole project This section basically consists of a Microcontroller with its associated circuitry like Crystal with capacitors Reset circuitry Pull up resistors if needed and so on The Microcontroller forms the heart of the project because it controls the devices being interfaced and communicates with the devices according to the program being written ARM7TDMI ARM is the abbreviation of Advanced RISC Machines it is the name of a class of processors and is the name of a kind technology too The RISC instruction set and related decode mechanism are much simpler than those of Complex Instruction Set Computer CISC designs Liquid crystal display LCD is a flat panel display electronic visual display that uses the light modulation properties of liquid crystals Liquid crystals do not emit light directly LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden such as preset words digits IJPRES 65 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES and 7 segment displays as in a digital clock They use the same basic technology except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels while other displays have larger elements Keys Section With the help of these
17. r receiving the information Then after conforming the location necessary action will be taken This paper is useful in detecting the accident precisely by means of Micro electro Mechanical system MEMS or accelerometer As there is a scope for improvement and as a future implementation we can add a wireless webcam for capturing the images which will help in providing driver s assistance Keywords Accelerometer GSM modem GPS Module Ignition switch I Introduction The high demand of automobiles has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents This is because of the lack of best emergency facilities available in our country An automatic accident detection device for vehicle accidents is introduced in this paper This design is a system which can detect accidents in significantly less time and sends the basic information to first aid center within a few seconds covering geographical coordinates the time and angle in which a vehicle accident had occurred This alert message is sent to the rescue team in a short time which will help in saving the valuable lives When the accident occurs the alert message is sent automatically to the rescue team and to the police station The message is sent through the GSM module and the location of the accident is detected with the help of the GPS module The accident can be detected precisely with the help of Micro electro mechanical system MEMS sensor This application provides the
18. satellites Ignition switch The term ignition switch is often used interchangeably to refer to two very different parts the lock cylinder into which the key is inserted and the electronic switch that sits just behind the lock cylinder In some cars these two parts are combined into one unit but in other cars they remain separate It is advisable to check your car s shop manual before attempting to purchase an ignition switch to ensure that you buy the correct part In order to start a car the engine must be turning Therefore in the days before ignition switches car engines had to be turned with a crank on the front of the car in order to start them The starter performs this same operation by turning the engine s flywheel a large flat disc with teeth on the outer edge The starter has a gear that engages these teeth when it is powered rapidly and briefly turning the flywheel and thus the engine The ignition switch generally has four positions off accessories on and start Some cars have two off positions off and lock one turns off the car and the other allows the key to be removed from the ignition When the key is turned to the accessories position certain accessories such as the radio are powered however accessories that use too much battery power such as window motors remain off in order to prevent the car s battery from being drained The accessories position uses the least amount of battery power when the
19. u have an amazing amount of information at your fingertips Here are just a few examples of how you can use GPS technology gt Know precisely how far you have run and at what pace while tracking your path so you can find your way home gt Pinpoint the perfect fishing spot on the water and easily relocate it gt Get the closest location of your favorite restaurant when you are out of town gt Find the nearest airport or identify the type of airspace in which you are flying What is GPS The Global Positioning System GPS is a satellite based navigation system that sends and receives radio signals A GPS receiver acquires these signals and IJPRES 68 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES provides you with information Using GPS technology you can determine location velocity and time 24 hours a day in any weather conditions anywhere in the world for free GPS formally known as the NAVSTAR Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System originally was developed for the military Because of its popular navigation capabilities and because you can access GPS technology using small Inexpensive equipment the government made the system available for civilian use The USA owns GPS technology and the Department of Defense maintains it GPS technology requires the following three segments gt Space segment gt Control segment gt User segment Space Segm
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