An2578:creating A Linux `out Of The Box` Experience On
Contents
1. Building the Kernel discusses the steps to build a working kernel for the Sandpoint from a Linux source tree Section 8 Flashing the Kernel to Flash Memory describes how to copy the kernel object from the host system to the Sandpoint Section 9 Turning on Linux describes the process of starting a Linux kernel on Sandpoint Section 10 Developing Linux on Sandpoint describes the method of developing new kernels and other Linux software on Sandpoint Section 11 Special Considerations for PowerPC Microprocessors Supported on Sandpoint describes considerations to be addressed when running a Linux kernel on the Sandpoint Section 12 Network Controls for Linux describes how to assign a hard IP address show a telnet session from the Sandpoint and perform a proper shutdown Section 13 Purchasing the Complete Linux System on a Sandpoint describes the ordering procedure for obtaining a Sandpoint pre configured with the Linux out of the box experience Section 14 Conclusion describes where to get assistance and answers Section 15 References lists the reference material used in preparing this document Section 16 Document Revision History describes the history of this document 2 Terminology The following terms are used in this document Bash shell Extension to the Bourne shell which is popular on Linux systems and is sometimes called GNU Born Again Bourne Shell2. however if you received a system from us before September 2004 the older password was Freescale Because several active users are on this system log in as a regular user using the user name guest with the password guest Then change to root with the su command ifconfig ethO xxx xxx xxx xxx netmask XXX XXX XXX XXX for example ifconfig ethO 10 82 117 201 netmask 255 255 252 0 Replace this example with the correct IP ascertained above route add net 0 0 0 0 gw xxx xxx xxx xxx forexample route add net 0 0 0 0 0 gw 10 82 119 254 Replace this example with the correct gateway IP An example of this situation is shown in Section 12 Network Controls for Linux The system is now active Create new users with the useradd command A full native tool set is available and ready on this file system It is possible to obtain and develop new kernels and test them on this Sandpoint kernel See Section 7 Building the Kernel NOTE Do not power off the Sandpoint while Linux is running Always do a graceful shutdown of Linux before shutting off power or resetting Use the shutdown h now command See Section 12 Network Controls for Linux 4 What is DINK32 Dynamic Interactive Nano Kernel DINK32 is a small operating system debugger for the Sandpoint evaluation board DINK32 starts automatically when power is applied to the Sandpoint system The Linux kernel elf file is stored on a flash memory device
3. Dismount umount the edisk directory with umount edisk Mount ext2 partition hdb4 with mount dev hdb4 edisk Place the tar on hdb4 Other files such as the source tar of the kernel Mlinux tgz may also be copied here cd cp motoLinuxFS tar edisk 14 Dismount umount hdb4 with umount edisk At this point the hard drive has one root file system on it dev hdb3 a partition with a tar of the file system and possibly other files dev hdb4 and a swap partition dev hdb2 Shut down the running system with shutdown h now and remove the hard drive Change the hard drive to a master Connect the hard drive to the Sandpoint on the IDEO channel The root password will be the same as it was on the running Linux system that was used to create this hard drive All the other active users from the running Linux system are on this hard drive also 6 Obtaining a Linux Kernel Source Public sources of Linux are available on the following web sites 1 http www kernel org This site is x86 centric With the release of Linux kernel 2 6 this site is up to date with PowerPC code and includes the Sandpoint platform It is considerably easier to download the kernel source from this site than from bitkeeper which is described below in number 3 However for Linux kernel 2 4 the PowerPC specification code on bitkeeper was far more up to date than on this site this site may eventually fall behind bitkeeper again for Linux kernel 2 6 Therefo
4. Static Network Configuration are changed as shown below Notice that the etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg ethO file requests a DHCP file etc sysconfig network NETWORKING yes HOSTNAME SPlinux sps mot com file etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg ethO DEVICE etho BOOTPROTO dhcp ONBOOT yes 13 Purchasing the Complete Linux System on a Sandpoint 13 1 Ordering the Pre Configured Linux Sandpoint The pre configured Linux Sandpoint includes Sandpoint a processor a hard drive and a data CD that contains the following items e Three tar files of the Linux file system from the hard drive e Linux kernel 2 4 21 rcl elf file e Linux kernel 2 4 21 rc1 tar of the source e This application note PDF Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 27 Conclusion The following packages can be ordered from the Freescale web e MPC8245 system PPC DEV SP3 8245 e MPC7457 system PPC DEV SP3 7457 13 2 Ordering the Data CD Only Order the data CD from the DINK32 website 14 Conclusion This application note has presented all the information needed to collect and build a running Linux system on a Sandpoint or purchase a complete Linux on a Sandpoint system Linux is a large and complex operating system consisting of over 4 million lines of code 8000 C and assembly files and 530 subdirectories This application note describes only the very basics to building a Linux
5. go FFO10000 Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor What is DINK32 If DINK32 does not start automatically type go FF010000 at the DINK32 prompt Linux starts and prints messages on the serial display as it accesses the hardware and software on Sandpoint The Linux kernel provided is configured to read the root file system from the hard drive at dev hda3 This setting can be changed when the Linux kernel displays the following prompt Linux PPC load root dev hda3 6 The supplied and installed hard drive has four partitions dev hdal contains an elf kernel file dev hda2 contains a swap partition dev hda3 contains a full ext2 root file system dev hda 4 contains the tarball of the Linux file system that is a tar of dev hdb3 the kernel source and the kernel executable on an ext2 file system 7 The Linux kernel provided is configured to obtain an IP address from some DHCP server automatically although it may not succeed If an IP is not obtained automatically a manual IP for this network may be set up as follows a Find an available IP for the network by pinging for an available IP on some other working system Linux Windows Mac Unix or another system b Assign this available IP to the Sandpoint Linux system using the commands below It is necessary to be root to issue them On this Linux system the root password is freescale
6. 7 Building a Linux File System on the Hard Drive 8 10 Since only the serial terminal tty SO is available the other terminals must be disabled as outlined below Be very careful with this step Ensure that the working file is edisk etc inittab not the running system s etc inittab because working from it can cause the running system to stop working The edisk etc inittab file tells the Linux boot up system which terminals to start up a vi edisk etc inittab b Comment out all the respawn lines When complete the six lines should look like this 1 2345 respawn sbin mingetty ttyl 2 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty2 3 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty3 4 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty4 5 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty5 6 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty6 c Down arrow to the last commented line above Type o to insert a new line and type co 2345 respawn sbin agetty ttySO 9600 vt100 Type wq to write and quit the file d Issue the cat edisk etc inittab command to verify the changes The changed lines should look like this 1 2345 respawn sbin mingetty ttyl 2 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty2 3 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty3 4 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty4 5 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty5 6 2345 respawn sbin mingetty tty6 co 2345 respawn sbin agetty ttySO 9600 vt100 Clean up the edisk home directory Be very careful with this step Verify that the running system s home is not being chan
7. DINK32 MPC8245 2 gt gt dl nw b 0800000 fzImage sandpoint Filename zImage sandpoint File format Plain binary Offset 0x00800000 Received 1763 TFTP data blocks Successfully read 902601 bytes via TFTP at 1272470 bytes sec Start the Linux kernel See Section 9 Turning on Linux or copy the image to flash using the DINK32 command fu 1 lt RAM address gt lt flash address gt size However before doing this ensure the PMPC switches are set correctly Refer to Section 15 References number 2 or 3 depending on the processor installed in the Sandpoint Set the following switches ROMLOC Boot from Sandpoint PCI flash MAPSEL Map B PMCTYPE VITA Agent Host PROGMODE Swap local flash to program ROMSEL Standard flash M66N 33 MHz PCI only SYSRST COP reset entire system Copy zImage sandpoint from RAM address 800000 to flash address FFOO0000 Copy zImage sandpoint from 800000 to flash at FF00000 for 2 Mbytes As long as the Linux image is less than 2 Mbytes copy 2 Mbytes that is Ox200000 Do not use the o parameter The absence of o forces a flash erase before the copy which is exactly what is needed An example is shown below DINK32 MPC8245 4 gt gt fu 1 800000 FFO00000 200000 PPMC Local Flash Programmer Are you sure y Check flash type AMD Am29DL323CB Overwrite flash OK Program flash OR Verifying flash OK DINK32 MPC8245 5 gt gt 9 Turning on Linux Final
8. This shell is the default for most Linux systems because Linux uses GNU tools exclusively and is the best shell for running the ISS bitkeeper A web site with executables to obtain the latest PowerPC Linux kernel source code Boot Program that begins at hardware reset which prepares the hardware for loading an operating system Boot address Address from which the board attempts to boot after reset Compiler A software program that converts a high level source code into machine specific binary CPU Central processor unit that is a PowerPC processor CVS Source control system Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 2 Freescale Semiconductor SCCS DINK32 Host ISS OS PCI RAM ROM Flash Server Quick Start for a Pre Configured Linux System on Sandpoint Source control system used by bitkeeper Small operating system debugger for the Sandpoint evaluation board A machine where kernels are built The host may or may not be the same architecture For example Freescale builds kernels on G4 machines UNIX machines and Intel machines Instruction set simulator Operating system Peripheral component interface Random access memory Read only memory persistent memory A machine that holds and transfers objects such as kernel objects Can also be used as a host 3 Quick Start for a Pre Configured Linux System on Sandpoint The pre configured Linux Sandpoint system is shipped in a box
9. a header 10000 bytes long Linux can be started by jumping to address 0x810000 the first executable instruction following the header with the command go 810000 Linux will boot from the root file system on dev hda3 The following is an example DINK32 MPC7457 1 gt gt di i Disk scan A 3967 MB ST310210A B no drive detected C no drive detected D no drive detected DINK32 MPC7457 2 gt gt di d 0 DINK32 MPC7457 3 gt gt di r 3f a 800000 1 1400000 DINK32 MPC7457 4 gt gt go 810000 Loaded at 00810000 009221D8 Relocated to 00800000 009121D8 zimage at 00805907 0090E874 Available RAM 00400000 00800000 Linux PPC load root dev hda3 Uncompressing Linux done Now booting the kernel Memory BAT mapping BAT2 128Mb BAT3 0Mb residual OMb 10 This step is an alternative to step 9 The kernel should be in the arch ppc boot images directory Copy it to another machine to be copied to RAM on reboot of the Sandpoint See Section 8 Flashing the Kernel to Flash Memory Another option is to turn on the mtd flash devices copy the kernel to the flash device on the Sandpoint and reboot from flash This is a risky operation because the working kernel may be destroyed All is not lost however because the working kernel can always be recopied to flash from DINK32 8 Flashing the Kernel to Flash Memory The kernel can be found at arch ppc boot images after it is built The elf file is named zImage sandpoint It
10. bytes from 10 82 124 155 icmp seq 3 ttl 128 time 0 254 ms 10 82 124 155 ping statistics 3 packets transmitted 3 received 0 loss time 1998ms rtt min avg max mdev 0 254 0 317 0 433 0 083 ms root localhost network scripts route add net 0 0 0 0 0 gw 10 82 127 254 root localhost network scripts ping 10 82 116 129 PING 10 82 116 129 10 82 116 129 from 10 82 124 201 56 84 bytes of data 64 bytes from 10 82 116 129 icmp _seq 2 ttl 63 time 0 210 ms 64 bytes from 10 82 116 129 icmp _seq 3 ttl 63 time 0 212 ms 64 bytes from 10 82 116 129 icmp seq 4 ttl 63 time 0 204 ms The command route allows the users to ping between subnets and as the next example shows telnet to another subnet 10 82 116 129 ping statistics 4 packets transmitted 3 received 25 loss time 3013ms rtt min avg max mdev 0 204 0 208 0 212 0 017 ms Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 24 Freescale Semiconductor Network Controls for Linux 2 This is an example of a telnet session from the Sandpoint root localhost network scripts telnet 10 82 116 129 Trying 10 82 116 129 Connected to 10 82 116 129 Escape character is Yellow Dog Linux release 3 0 Sirius Kernel r on an m login maurie Password Last login Mon Jul 14 08 58 11 from 10 82 124 155 maurie localhost maurie 1s ifconfig man MakeHardDriveFS olddisk1l zImage sandpoint_15 linuxwork my inittab olddisk2 zIm
11. command and create an ext2 file system on the rest of the partitions with the following commands mke2fs dev hdb1 mke2fs dev hdb3 mke2fs dev hdb4 Create a temporary directory in the root directory with cd and mkdir edisk If edisk already exists on hda ensure that it is empty and not used for any other purpose before using it for the following steps If it is already in use create the directory with a different name and substitute that name for edisk in the instructions that follow Mount the ext2 partition hdb3 with mount dev hdb3 edisk NOTE Use the Af k command to see how much space is available on each partition once it is mounted Create a root file system on dev hdb3 using the commands below Use the a parameter to preserve all the symbolic links Eleven directories are copied from the root partition hda3 of the running system and three directories are created NOTE Use a PowerPC running system for these steps Create these directories and populate them with PowerPC binaries cp a bin edisk bin cp a dev edisk dev cp a etc edisk etc cp a home edisk home cp a mnt edisk mnt cp a root edisk root cp a sbin edisk sbin cp a usr edisk usr cp a var edisk var cp a lib edisk lib cp a boot edisk boot mkdir edisk tmp mkdir edisk misc mkdir edisk proc Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor
12. on the MPMC daughter card at address FFOO0000 The DINK32 command go FF0O10000 starts execution at the first instruction of the kernel since an elf file has a 10000 byte header DINK32 has many useful commands for debugging and looking at Sandpoint facilities Refer to the DINK32 user s manual listed in Section 15 References for a list of all the commands Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 4 Freescale Semiconductor Building a Linux File System on the Hard Drive DINK32 has the capability of downloading data from a file on another machine either with a serial port which is not discussed here or with an Ethernet port which is discussed later 5 Building a Linux File System on the Hard Drive A running Linux system consists of the following 1 The Linux kernel which is stored in memory on the Sandpoint and executes decompressing itself and copying itself to low memory and continues the boot process until Linux runs The root file system a series of directories and files on an available device The three device types available are hard drive NFS network file system or RAM disk memory file system This section describes how to build a root file system on an IDE hard drive The following steps explain how to build a Linux file system on a hard drive Only the root user has permission to perform steps 3 14 1 Install a new hard drive into a PowerPC system runn
13. steps 1 Copy the kernel tarball to the home directory with cp mnt temp Mlinux tgz Mlinux tgz 2 Untar the tarball with tar zvxf Mlinux tgz 3 Move into the top level of the directory Mlinuxppc_2_4 devel with cd Mlinuxppc_2 4 devel This is the Linux 2 4 21 rc1 kernel source 4 Configuration a Using the supplied 2 4 21 rc1 kernel on the sandpoint hard drive The config file already exists so it is okay to ignore this step However to change any of the build parameters or just look at what is configured type make menuconfig Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 10 Freescale Semiconductor Building the Kernel b Using a 2 6 kernel downloaded from www kernel org There are special configuration files in arch ppc configs The first pass at making a kernel should be to set up the generic configuration This is a list of the generic configurations available maurie debian linux 2 6 9 ADSS cd arch ppc configs maurie debian linux 2 6 9 ADS arch ppc configss 1s FADS defconfig bseip defconfig lopec_defconfig rainier defconfig IVMS8 defconfig bubinga_defconfig mbx_defconfig redwood5 defconfig SM850_defconfig cedar _defconfig mepn765 defconfig redwood defconfig SPD823TS_defconfig common_defconfig menf1l_defconfig redwood _defconfig TOM823L defconfig cpci405 defconfig mvme5100 defconfig rpx8260 defconfig TQOM8260 defconfig ebony defconfig oak_defconfig rpxcllf defconfig T
14. system Many books see Section 15 References number 5 and how to papers on www kernel org and other internet sites are available e For assistance or answers to any questions on the information that is presented in this document send an email to risc10 email mot com e For more detailed questions about Linux see the following two email lists that are not affiliated with Freescale They are informally maintained by Linux developers all over the world linuxppc dev lists linuxppc org linuxppc embedded lists linuxppc org 15 References SPX3BUM D Sandpoint Microprocessor Evaluation System User s Manual Unity X4 MPMC8 amp 240 MPMC8245 Configuration Guide Valis X3 MPMC745x Configuration Guide DINK32 User s Manual Samba in Linux on a Sandpoint AN2646 6 Understanding the Linux Kernel Daniel P Bovet and Marco Cesati available from O Reilly Publishing wR WN The first five references are available on the Freescale web site http www Freescale com For more information contact risc10 freescale com Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 28 Freescale Semiconductor Document Revision History 16 Document Revision History Table 2 provides a revision history for this application note Table 2 Document Revision History Revision Number Release Date Change s 1 3 12 2004 In Section 7 Building the Kernel mod
15. with a null modem serial cable an installed IDE hard drive an installed Ethernet card Realtek 8139 a paper copy of this application note the boxed version of Yellow Dog Linux and a CD The CD includes the Linux kernel a tarball of the kernel source this application note in PDF format and a tarball of the root file system as installed on the hard drive Remove the Sandpoint system from its box and perform the following steps 1 Connect the Sandpoint to a 120 VAC source using the supplied AC power cord For international operation at 240 VAC replace the connector with an appropriately keyed power cable Connect the Sandpoint machine to the local network with an Ethernet cable 3 Connect the null modem serial cable between the COM1 port topmost port on the Sandpoint and the PC or workstation serial port usually COM1 4 Start up a terminal emulator program such as Hyperterminal available for free with most Windows PCs Set up the PC terminal program to use the following settings 9600 baud 8 bits No parity stop bit No handshaking Terminal emulation vt100 vt102 5 Turn on the Sandpoint by pushing the power switch on the front of the chassis DINK32 starts up and automatically starts the Linux kernel currently 2 4 21 rc1 from flash NOTE To stop this automatic action hold the backspace key down during boot Sandpoint boots into DINK32 and Linux can be started with the DINK32 command
16. 24 Specify approximately 120 Mbytes in size Note the plus in front of the 24 15 n Create a new partition 16 p Select primary type 17 3 Select partition 3 18 lt Enter gt Accept the default for the starting cylinder number 19 25840 Specify about one third of the space on the disk Note the plus in front of the 25840 20 In Create a new partition 21 p Select primary type 22 lt Enter gt Partition 4 is automatically selected Accept the default for the starting cylinder number 23 lt Enter gt Accept the default to use the rest of the disk space 24 p Print the partition information and verify that it is correct 25 t List the possible partition types Partition 2 needs to be changed from 83 Linux to 82 swap 26 2 Select partition 2 27 82 Change to type 82 Linux swap Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor Building a Linux File System on the Hard Drive Table 1 Partitioning a Hard Drive continued Command ae Step Keystroke Description 28 p Print the partition information again and ensure that it is correct 29 iw Write the partition information Once the partition information has been written it is impossible to retrieve the original data on this disk 4 Now that the hard drive dev hdb has been partitioned create a swap file system on dev hdb2 with the mkswap dev hdb2
17. 3 OpenPIC Version 1 2 1 CPUs and 11 IRQ sources at fdfd0000 OpenPIC timer frequency is 133 000000 MHz time init decrementer frequency 33 002376 MHz Calibrating delay loop 263 78 BogoMIPS Memory 127064k available 1676k kernel code 700k data 80k init 0k highmem Dentry cache hash table entries 16384 order 5 131072 bytes Inode cache hash table entries 8192 order 4 65536 bytes Mount cache hash table entries 512 order 0 4096 bytes Buffer cache hash table entries 8192 order 3 32768 bytes Page cache hash table entries 32768 order 5 131072 bytes POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX PCI Probing PCI hardware Linux NET4 0 for Linux 2 4 Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3 039 Initializing RT netlink socket Starting kswapd devfs v1 12c 20020818 Richard Gooch rgooch atnf csiro au devfs boot_options 0x0 Installing knfsd copyright C 1996 okir monad swb de initialize kbd Keyboard reset failed no ACK Detected PS 2 Mouse Port pty 256 Unix98 ptys configured keyboard Timeout AT keyboard not present ed keyboard Timeout AT keyboard not present f4 Serial driver version 5 05c 2001 07 08 with MANY PORTS SHARE IRQ SERIAL PCI enabled ttySoo0 at Oxfe0003f8 irq 4 is a 16550A RAMDISK driver initialized 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize loop loaded max 8 devices penet32 c v1 27a 10 02 2002 tsbogend alpha franken de PPP generic driver version 2 4 2 PPP Deflat
18. Freescale Semiconductor Application Note AN2578 Rev 2 12 2004 Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform by Maurie Ommerman CPD Applications Freescale Semiconductor Inc Austin TX This application note describes the process of creating a Linux out of the box experience on a Sandpoint platform The steps in this process involve building a Linux file system on a hard drive obtaining and building a Linux kernel flashing it to memory and starting Linux When the process is completed and the hard drive is installed the system can be shipped to a recipient who can open the box connect the Sandpoint to a terminal emulator turn it on and start Linux with one command to DINK32 or automatically with no input to DINK32 The Sandpoint platform supports the MPC824X MPC74XX and MPC75X PowerPC microprocessors Freescale Semiconductor Inc 2004 All rights reserved eb SON COIN ON E 11 12 13 14 15 16 Contents Introg ctio ien Gods Ses tk ea E EAEE EE 2 TETMIMNOlOSY i erae ea eE r Cees wate ae 2 Quick Start for a Pre Configured Linux System on Sandpoit osc cide ose tna cke clei Gea gia Wise HRS whe 3 What is DINK32 cscs east 8 aie odie bab aie oan doe ee 4 Building a Linux File System on the Hard Drive 5 Obtaining a Linux Kernel Source 9 Building the Kernel 0 0000 10 Flashing the Kernel to Flash Memory 13 T tning
19. OM850L defconfig ep405 defconfig ocotea_defconfig rpxlite defconfig TOM860L defconfig est8260 defconfig peore_ defconfig sandpoint defconfig adir_ defconfig ev64260 defconfig pmac_defconfig spruce _defconfig ads8272 defconfig gemini _defconfig power3 defconfig sycamore _defconfig apus_defconfig ibmchrp_ defconfig pplus defconfig walnut _defconfig ash_defconfig k2_defconfig prpmc750 defconfig beech defconfig lite5200 defconfig prpmc800 defconfig maurie debian linux 2 6 9 ADS arch ppc configss For example to build a generic sandpoint configuration make sandpoint defconfig make zImage Then to choose specific configuration options make menuconfig make zImage For example to build a generic ads8272 configuration make ads8272_defconfig make zImage 5 Ensure that the following options are chosen Platform support Motorola Sandpoint General setup Initial Kernel Command String root dev hda3 Network device support Ethernet 10 or 100Mbit gt RealTek RTL 8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support Character devices dev nvram support TURNED OFF 6 Build the dependency list and create the depend file with make dep This step is not necessary for the Linux kernel 2 6 7 Modify the memory size The Linux kernel as released specifies that 64 Mbytes is the maximum memory size Sandpoint however has 128 Mbytes and the kernel will not work correctly unless it specifies all 128 Mbytes For the 2 4 kernel modify arch ppc pla
20. RAM at address 800000 or to flash at FF000000 As mentioned earlier elf files have a 10000 byte header The first executable instruction follows the header Thus execution should begin at either 810000 for RAM or FF010000 for flash Once the boot loader at this start address begins it queries the user to change any boot parameters decompress the kernel and jump to the kernel The kernel initializes all the board facilities looks for the root file system specified on the boot parameter and finally on successful completion starts a login shell An example of this boot loader startup sequence is shown below DINK32 MPC8245 1 gt gt go FFO10000 loaded at FF010000 FF1221D8 relocated to 00800000 009121D8 zimage at 00805907 0090E874 avail RAM 00400000 00800000 Linux PPC load root dev hda3 Uncompressing Linux done Now booting the kernel When the boot loader displays the line Linux PPC load root dev hda3 press any key within five seconds to stop the autoboot sequence At this point add more parameters or backspace over the parameter shown and change it In the case of this kernel and this configuration the root file system is found on dev hda3 A Linux example startup is shown below This typical splash screen that DINK32 displays is followed by the kernel s display on the serial terminal I O system initialized Memory Enabled 128MB at CL 3 Caches Enabled L11I 16K L1D 16K Register Inits 32 GPR
21. age sandpoint 8245 16 maurie localhost maurie exit logout Connection closed by foreign host root localhost network scripts exit logout 3 This is an example of ftping a zImage sandpoint elf file maurie localhost maurie ftp 10 82 116 129 Connected to 10 82 116 129 10 82 116 129 220 vsFTPd 1 1 3 Name 10 82 116 129 maurie 331 Please specify the password Password 230 Login successful Have fun Remote system type is UNIX Using binary mode to transfer files ftp gt get zImage sandpoint 8245 16 local zImage sandpoint_8245 16 remote zImage sandpoint_8245 16 227 Entering Passive Mode 10 82 116 129 106 223 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for zImage sandpoint 8245 16 1181380 bytes 226 File send OK 1181380 bytes received in 0 1 secs 1 1e 04 Kbytes sec ftp gt quit 221 Goodbye maurie localhost maurie 1s Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 25 Network Controls for Linux buildRootFS j olddiskl olddisk2 zImage sandpoint 8245 16 4 This is an example of a proper shutdown sequence maurie localhost maurie su Password root localhost root shutdown h now INIT Shutting down xfs OK Stopping sshd OK Shutting down vsftpd OK Stopping xinetd OK Stopping NFS statd OK Stopping portmapper OK Shutting down kernel logger OK Shutting down system logger OK Shutting down inter
22. drivers mice PS 2 mouse device common for all mice NET4 Linux TCP IP 1 0 for NET4 0 IP Protocols ICMP UDP TCP IGMP IP routing cache hash table of 1024 buckets 8Kbytes TCP Hash tables configured established 8192 bind 16384 NET4 Unix domain sockets 1 0 SMP for Linux NET4 0 Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 19 Turning on Linux VFS Mounted root ext2 filesystem readonly Freeing unused kernel memory 80k init INIT version 2 84 booting Welcome to Yellow Dog Linux Press I to enter interactive startup Mounting proc filesystem OK Configuring kernel parameters L OK Setting clock localtime Sun Jul 13 10 49 36 EDT 2003 OK Setting hostname localhost localdomain OK Mounting USB filesystem OK Checking root filesystem dev hda3 clean 131027 1261568 files 698483 2520756 blocks sbin fsck ext2 1 fsck ext2 a dev hda3 OK Remounting root filesystem in read write mode OK Activating swap partitions swapon dev hda4 Invalid argument FAILED Finding module dependencies depmod Can t open lib modules 2 4 21 rc1 modules dep for writing FAILED Checking filesystems Checking all file systems OK Mounting local filesystems OK Enabling local filesystem quotas OK swapon dev hda4 Invalid argument Enabling swap space OK modprobe Can t open dependencies file lib m
23. e Compression module registered Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 18 Freescale Semiconductor Turning on Linux 8139too Fast Ethernet driver 0 9 26 ethO RealTek RTL8139 Fast Ethernet at 0Oxc9000f00 00 40 f 4 79 72 73 IRQ 19 Uniform Multi Platform E IDE driver Revision 7 00beta 2 4 ide Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes override with idebus xx W82C105 IDE controller at PCI slot 00 0b 1 W82C105 chipset revision 5 W82C105 100 native mode on irq 16 ideOQ BM DMA at OxBFFFD0O OxBFFFD7 BIOS settings hda DMA hdb DMA idel BM DMA at OxBFFFD8 OxBFFFDF BIOS settings hdc DMA hdd DMA Probing IDE interface ideo hda WDC WD400BB O0CAA1 ATA DISK drive hda selected PIO 4 120ns 0240 Probing IDE interface idel idel Wait for ready failed before probe ideO at OxBFFFF8 OxBFFFFF OxBFFFF6 on irq 14 hda attached ide disk driver hda host protected area gt 1 hda 78165360 sectors 40021 MB w 2048KiB Cache CHS 77545 16 63 ide floppy driver 0 99 newide Partition check dev ide host0 bus0O targetO lun0d pl p2 p3 p4 ide floppy driver 0 99 newide SCSI subsystem driver Revision 1 00 scsi0 SCSI host adapter emulation for IDE ATAPI devices usb c registered new driver usbdevfs usb c registered new driver hub usb c registered new driver hid hid core c v1 8 1 Andreas Gal Vojtech Pavlik lt vojtech suse cz gt hid core c USB HID support
24. e to the hda1 partition before building a kernel use the kernel elf file on dev hda4 as shown in the following example Log in as root cd mkdir edisk mount dev hda4 edisk dd if edisk zImage sandpoint of dev hdal If two hard drives reside on the machine the image can be copied to either of the hard drives However Linux will not be able to use a partition that is written to a binary partition To copy the Linux kernel elf file to partition 1 on the second hard drive use the following Linux command being careful not to mistype dev hdb in place of dev hdb1 dd if arch ppc boot images zImage sandpoint of dev hdb1 Shut down the system with the shutdown h now command Boot into DINK32 Before copying the zImage sandpoint elf file from the hdal partition of the hard drive to Sandpoint memory at address 0x800000 read the following hardware considerations for DINK32 carefully 1 One hard drive master on end of IDE cable a Jumper the root file system hard drive as master b Connect the master to the far position on the IDE cable that is the end of the cable 2 Two hard drives master on middle of IDE cable a Jumper the root file system hard drive as master b Connect it to the middle position on the IDE cable c Jumper the second hard drive as slave d Connect the slave to the far position on the IDE cable The position of the hard drive on the IDE cable is different for one drive versus two for DINK32 Th
25. er Choose n for Enable DHCP Fill in the appropriate IP addresses for the network The server is the machine that is holding the zImage sandpoint elf file The gateway is the network gateway The netmask is the appropriate gateway mask the DHCP server is all zeros and the client is the IP address assigned to this Sandpoint See Section 3 Quick Start for a Pre Configured Linux System on Sandpoint An example is shown below Start DINK32 in Sandpoint DINK32 MPC8245 2 gt gt ni i NUMBER SLOT MFG DEV NAME 1 15 10EC 8139 Realtek 81x9 Ethernet Card Use device 1 Enable DHCP y N n SERVER TFTP 10 82 116 129 GATEWAY 10 82 119 254 NETMASK 255 255 252 0 DHCP SERVER 0 0 0 0 CLIENT DINK 10 82 117 201 DINK32 MPC8245 3 gt gt Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 14 Freescale Semiconductor Turning on Linux 2 Prepare the server Copy zImage sandpoint to the tftpboot directory on the server Create the directory if it does not already exist and copy the kernel boot file on the server cd mkdir tftpboot cd tftpboot cp home lt your home directory lt top level linux gt arch ppc boot images zImage sandpoint zImage sandpoint 3 Using DINK32 tftp the boot file to the Sandpoint using the DINK32 download command in step 2 below Copy the kernel elf file to RAM with the download command for Ethernet download d1 nw An example is shown below
26. er license All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners Freescale Semiconductor Inc 2004 2 freescale semiconductor
27. ernel The tarball is also on the hard drive in dev hdb4 It may be copied to the home directory untarred and rebuilt after changes have been made For any other packages that are not already installed on this hard drive connect a CDROM insert the appropriate Yellow Dog Linux CD from the boxed set and use RPM to install the desired package to the Sandpoint Linux 11 Special Considerations for PowerPC Microprocessors Supported on Sandpoint 11 1 Required Settings for the MPC8245 On the MPC8245 Linux has been tested at 400 MHz 133 MHz memory The PMC switches must be set from position 1 to position 8 with the following settings 0 Switch is set to ON 1 Switch is set to OFF e SW2 01111111 e SW3 10011110 11 2 Required Settings for the MPC745x On the MPC745x Linux has been tested at 1000 MHz 100 MHz memory The PMC switches must be set from position 1 to position 8 with the following settings 0 Switch is set to ON 1 Switch is set to OFF e SW1 01111110 e SW2 10101000 e S W3 10001001 Other combinations may not uncompress Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 22 Freescale Semiconductor Network Controls for Linux It may be necessary to configure the I2C on the PMC for a single bank of 128 Mbyte memory To do so run the following commands after booting DINK32 and before starting Linux DINK32 MPC7457 3 gt gt mi b w128 wsize 128 i2c data 31 32
28. ernel Source root yd1G4 root To tell the Linux boot up system to mount partitions dev hdb2 dev hdb3 and dev hdb4 the example file above would be changed to look like the one below The line with the hdb6 reference is deleted and the hda4 or swap reference is changed to hda2 The directory reference in the example file is dev hda3 but if it is not dev hda3 in the actual fstab file it needs to be changed to dev hda3 All references to other dev hda dev hdb dev hdbc and dev hdbd lines are removed root yd1G4 root cat etc fstab dev hda3 ext2 defaults 11 dev hda4 mnt temp ext2 defaults 1 1 none dev pts devpts gid 5 mode 620 0 0 none proc proc defaults 0 0 none dev shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 dev hda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 dev cdrom mnt cdrom udf iso9660 noauto owner kudzu ro 0 0 root yd1G4 root Note that dev hda2 dev hda3 and dev hda4 are being mounted even though dev hdb 2 dev hdb3 and dev hdb4 are being created On the host system these partitions have been mounted as the dev hdb drive because the dev hdb drive is physically attached as the IDEO slave On the Sandpoint system it is physically attached to the IDEO master thus this drive is dev hda on the Sandpoint system Tar this Linux file system to be placed on hdb4 for backup so that the root file system hdb3 can be recovered if it were to somehow be destroyed This step takes several minutes cd tar czv motoLinuxFS tar edisk
29. face etho OK Shutting down loopback interface OK Starting killall OK Sending all processes the TERM signal Sending all processes the KILL signal Syncing hardware clock to system time Turning off quotas Halting system flushing ide devices hda Power down 12 2 Static Network Configuration The root user can also set up two working files in the system file system for automatic assignment of static networks The system as shipped is set for DHCP networks See Section 12 3 DHCP Network Configuration To change to a static network change the following two files Note that all Ethernet addresses are given here just as an example choose the correct Ethernet addresses for the site file etc sysconfig network NETWORKING yes HOSTNAME SPlinux sps mot com GATEWAY 10 82 119 254 Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 26 Freescale Semiconductor Purchasing the Complete Linux System on a Sandpoint file etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg ethO DEVICE etho BOOTPROTO static BROADCAST 10 82 119 255 IPADDR 10 82 117 240 NETMASK 255 255 252 0 NETWORK 10 82 116 0 ONBOOT yes Once these files are created use the following macros to start the network ifdown etho ifup etho In the future whenever Linux is booted the network will come up with these static addresses 12 3 DHCP Network Configuration For a DHCP system the two files in Section 12 2
30. g a hard drive The cylinder sizes are based on a 40 Gbyte hard drive Adjust these values accordingly for larger or smaller hard drives NOTE Ensure that the disk that is about to be partitioned is not the boot disk or any disk other than the one meant to be partitioned It is possible to accidentally fdisk the current file system or some other important disk which could render the host Linux system unusable Notice that the fdisk command takes a device designator which is dev hdb in this case assuming an IDEO slave disk Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor Building a Linux File System on the Hard Drive Table 1 Partitioning a Hard Drive Step levee Description 1 fdisk dev hdb _ Open the fdisk program to partition disks 2 Im Display the menu 3 p View the current partitions 4 d lt partition number gt Delete all existing partitions in preparation for creating four partitions next 5 n Create a new partition 6 p Select primary type Tha Select partition 1 8 lt Enter gt Accept the default for the starting cylinder number 1 9 25840 Specify about one third of the space on the disk 10 Jn Create a new partition 11 p Select primary type 12 2 Select partition 2 13 lt Enter gt Accept the default for the starting cylinder number 14
31. ged All users that exist on the host system should have home directories here unless they have been specified to be placed somewhere else It is a good idea to remove all the files and directories except the top level home directories for all of these users The following commands will take care of this cd edisk ls edisk home gt tmphome cd edisk home rm rf cat tmphome xargs mkdir cd rm rf tmphome Modify the edisk etc fstab file which tells the Linux boot up system which partitions to mount to mount three partitions dev hdb2 dev hdb3 and dev hdb4 Remove all references to any hard disk other than dev hda2 dev hda3 and dev hda4 Be very careful with this step Make sure that the running system s etc fstab file does not get modified because changing it can cause the running system to stop working The file below is an example fstab file It is used here as an example to show how to modify an fstab file root yd1G4 root cat etc fstab dev hda3 ext2 defaults 1 dev hda6 bigdisk ext2 defaults 1 1 none dev pts devpts gid 5 mode 620 0 0 none proc proc defaults 0 0 none dev shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 dev hda4 swap swap defaults 0 0 dev cdrom mnt cdrom udf iso9660 noauto owner kudzu ro 0 0 dev sda4 mnt zip auto noauto owner kudzu 0 0 Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 11 12 13 Obtaining a Linux K
32. ified Step 4 to include 2 6 kernel configuration 1 2 10 2004 Updated template and references to Freescale 1 1 3 2004 Changed step 3 of Section 8 to copy 2 Mbytes instead of 1 5 Mbytes 1 3 2004 Added info on bitkeeper download corrected kernel directory tree path added Table 1 in Section 5 step 3 updated and reorganized Section 5 updated Section 6 source 1 added Section 12 3 included kernel 2 6 info 0 2 12 2003 Renamed Section 12 renumbered Section 12 to 12 1 added Section 12 2 0 1 9 2003 Added step 9 in Section 7 and reference to step 9 in Section 9 0 9 2003 Initial release Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 29 Document Revision History THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 30 Freescale Semiconductor Document Revision History THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 31 How to Reach Us Home Page www freescale com USA Europe or Locations Not Listed Freescale Semiconductor Technical Information Center CH370 1300 N Alma School Road Chandler Arizona 85224 800 521 6274 480 768 2130 Europe Middle East and Africa 44 1296 380 456 English 46 8 52200080 English 49 89 92103 559 German 33 1 69 35 48 48 French Japa
33. ing Linux such as Yellow Dog which runs on a MAC G4 Sandpoint or an MAI platform A pre configured system can be purchased from Freescale See Section Section 13 Purchasing the Complete Linux System on a Sandpoint for more information This application note uses the master drive on IDEO hda The purpose of the remaining steps is to clone an exact copy of hda onto hdb Shut down the running system to connect the hard drive Be sure to use the shutdown h nowcommand After the new hard drive is connected boot the running system Install the hard drive as a slave device on the same IDE channel as the boot hard drive or as a master or slave on the other IDE channel The hard drive is mounted as a slave on IDEO and is therefore designated as dev hdb Change the hard drive to a slave all drives are different but usually a jumper on the drive can swap it between master and slave Partition the hard drive dev hdb using the Linux command fdisk dev hdb into the following partitions dev hdb1 a Linux partition of type 83 approximately one third of the available disk space dev hdb2 a Linux swap partition of type 82 approximately 500 Mbytes dev hdb3 a Linux partition of type 83 approximately one third of the available disk space dev hdb4 a Linux partition of type 83 the rest of the available space When booted the root user can mount this partition as a working partition Table 1 shows the steps to partitionin
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35. is is only important for DINK32 as Linux does not care how the drives are configured on the IDE cable The following DINK32 commands copy elf file to the Sandpoint memory at address 0x800000 di i di d 0 numeric zero di r 3f a 800000 1 1700000 di i initializes the DINK32 hard drive tables This does not change anything on the hard drives It may be necessary to do this two or three times for DINK32 to recognize the drives di d 0 numeric zero selects the master IDEO drive To select the slave use di d 1 Indi r 3f a 800000 1 1700000 3f is the hex address of the logical block address LBA of the hard drive 800000 has Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor Flashing the Kernel to Flash Memory five zeros and is a hex number indicating the hex address in memory and 1700000 has five zeros and is a decimal number indicating the length of the file NOTE The di r read command reads the hard drive in blocks of 512 0x200 bytes dev hdal begins at byte address 0x7E00 so 0x7E00 0x200 is block 0x3F However this is true only under the assumption that the hard drive being used was supplied with the Linux pre configured system ordered from Freescale or built using this application note These addresses may differ on a hard drive with a different arrangement of partitions on the hard drive The Linux kernel elf file is now located at address 0x800000 It has
36. is necessary to download this image into the Sandpoint at RAM address 0x800000 To create an out of the box experience on Sandpoint copy the kernel to flash Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 13 Flashing the Kernel to Flash Memory NOTE Usually the kernel is only copied to flash when few changes are expected in the near future Do not copy this kernel to flash during development Keep a working kernel in flash so that Linux can be rebooted Thus during development follow only the directions for copying the kernel to RAM and booting Linux Copying the kernel to RAM copying it to flash and then booting Linux are three separate activities as described below 1 Copy the kernel image to RAM Sandpoint running DINK32 offers the following three methods for downloading files to RAM a Serial download of srecord files The d1 k command can download files from the serial port Use the terminal emulator to send the file in plain ASCII b Serial download of binary files using d1 b o lt load address gt Use the terminal emulator to send the file in binary c Ethernet download of the elf binary file using d1 nw b o lt load address gt f lt filename gt However before running this command set up the DINK32 Ethernet definitions using the following procedure 1 Initialize the Ethernet definitions by using the ni i command Choose 1 for device numb
37. lop Linux kernels and application code See Section 10 Developing Linux on Sandpoint The following is an example of logging in and performing some commands in this case switching to the root user and displaying the Ethernet information Note that an IP address has not been assigned localhost localdomain login guest Password Last login Sun Jul 13 10 44 15 on ttySO0 guest localhost maurie su Password root localhost root ifconfig etho Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 40 F4 79 72 73 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 60 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 100 Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 21 Developing Linux on Sandpoint RX bytes 4518 4 4 Kb TX bytes 0 0 0 b Interrupt 19 Base address 0xf00 lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 16436 Metric 1 RX packets 8 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 8 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 0 RX bytes 560 560 0 b TX bytes 560 560 0 b root localhost root 10 Developing Linux on Sandpoint The Sandpoint system with Linux is a complete Linux system that includes the gcc compiler tools libraries and standard set of bash shell and Linux commands The supplied CD has a tarball of the Linux k
38. ly it is time to start Linux At this point DINK32 is still running on Sandpoint regardless of whether the kernel has just been flashed to flash memory or Sandpoint was just powered up If zimage sandpoint was copied to flash the command to start Linux is go FFO10000 If zIlmage sandpoint was not copied to flash but was copied to RAM type go 810000 Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 15 Turning on Linux 2 Itis possible to ignore step 1 completely by making DINK32 automatically start Linux While this method is superior to the step 1 for those who wish to ignore DINK32 it makes it a little more difficult to test out new Linux kernels Since there is no LILO it is necessary to use DINK32 to boot a new kernel However this method works for those who desire a true out of the box Linux with no visual support from DINK32 At the DINK32 prompt perform the env BOOT 0xFF010000 command Once this command is set in DINK32 future boots will boot into Linux automatically and step 1 will not be needed To boot into DINK32 instead of Linux hold down the backspace key during boot This is similar to forcing a PC to boot only into the firmware 3 If the kernel is on the hard drive use the technique described in step 8 part d of Section 7 Upon examination zImage sandpoint is a boot loader wrapper around the Linux kernel zmlinux It is an elf file that was downloaded to
39. n Freescale Semiconductor Japan Ltd Technical Information Center 3 20 1 Minami Azabu Minato ku Tokyo 106 0047 Japan 0120 191014 81 3 3440 3569 Asia Pacific Freescale Semiconductor Hong Kong Ltd Technical Information Center 2 Dai King Street Tai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po N T Hong Kong 852 26668334 For Literature Requests Only Freescale Semiconductor Literature Distribution Center P O Box 5405 Denver Colorado 80217 800 441 2447 303 675 2140 Fax 303 675 2150 AN2578 Rev 2 12 2004 Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Freescale Semiconductor products There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document Freescale Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein Freescale Semiconductor makes no warranty representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose nor does Freescale Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and specifically disclaims any and all liability including without limitation consequential or incidental damages Typical parameters which may be provided in Freescale Semiconductor data sheets and or specifications can and do vary in different applicat
40. n for eth0O failed root localhost network scripts man ifup root localhost network scripts ifconfig etho etho Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 40 F4 79 72 73 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 4110 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 19 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 100 Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 23 Network Controls for Linux RX bytes 349635 341 4 Kb TX bytes 1310 1 2 Kb Interrupt 19 Base address 0xf00 root localhost network scripts ifconfig ethO 10 82 124 201 netmask 255 255 252 0 root localhost network scripts ifconfig etho etho Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 40 F4 79 72 73 inet addr 10 82 124 201 Bcast 10 255 255 255 Mask 255 255 252 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 4219 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 19 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 100 RX bytes 360757 352 3 Kb TX bytes 1310 1 2 Kb Interrupt 19 Base address 0xf00 The above command ifconfig only sets up an IP address so pinging only works within this subnet root localhost network scripts ping 10 82 124 155 PING 10 82 124 155 10 82 124 155 from 10 82 124 201 56 84 bytes of data 64 bytes from 10 82 124 155 icmp _seq 1 ttl 128 time 0 433 ms 64 bytes from 10 82 124 155 icmp seq 2 ttl 128 time 0 265 ms 64
41. oaded using bk clone which takes the location and the directory name of the tree as its parameters An example using the directory name devclone_2_4 and location http ppc bkbits net linuxppc_2_4 devel is bk clone http ppc bkbits net linuxppc_2 4 devel devclone 2 4 This tree is under the source control SCCS It is not a populated tree because it is stored in SCCS format It is necessary to populate this tree and there are two methods to do this 1 Check out the tree using the bk r co lt tree name gt command This method is not recommended because it destroys the SCCS control of the tree Should the tree be corrupted during development it would be impossible to revert to a pristine tree and the tree would have to be recloned from bitkeeper An example of this command using the directory name of devclone_2_4is bk r co devclone_2 4 2 A better method is to export this tree to a new directory thus preserving the original SCCS tree The command is bk export vw lt SCCS tree gt lt new trees This creates a new populated tree at the new tree location An example of this command is bk export vw devclone 2 4 devppc Now development can proceed on this tree devppc If it becomes too corrupted and or polluted it is possible to revert back to the original SCCS tree and create a new pristine populated tree 7 Building the Kernel If a user has been created on Sandpoint development on the kernel on the Sandpoint can be done following these
42. odules 2 4 21 rcl1 modules dep No such file or directory INIT Entering runlevel 3 Entering non interactive startup Setting network parameters OK Bringing up loopback interface OK Bringing up interface etho Determining IP information for eth0 failed FAILED Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 20 Freescale Semiconductor Turning on Linux Starting system logger OK Starting kernel logger OK Starting portmapper OK Starting NFS statd OK Starting keytable Loading keymap FAILED Loading system font etc rc3 d Sl7keytable line 33 dev tty0 No such device Couldnt get a file descriptor referring to the console OK FAILED Mounting other filesystems OK Starting automount No Mountpoints Defined OK Starting sshd OK Starting xinetd OK Starting vsftpd for vsftpd OK Starting xfs OK Yellow Dog Linux release 3 0 Sirius Kernel 2 4 21 rcl on an ppc This root file system is built from an existing Yellow Dog Linux system The full Yellow Dog boxed set of CDs is included in the purchased Linux Sandpoint See Section 13 Purchasing the Complete Linux System on a Sandpoint If this system was not purchased and built according to these instructions purchase the Yellow Dog boxed set if any features beyond what was installed on this system are needed Usually nothing else is needed to build and deve
43. on Lan Revisit Sree peau aeons 15 Developing Linux on Sandpoint 22 Special Considerations for PowerPC Microprocessors Supported on Sandpoint 0 000 22 Network Controls for Linux 000 23 Purchasing the Complete Linux System on Sandpoint oo sciie dee gs aie amie deel gh Waleed Silene dees 27 COnClUSION s 66 6 i0e 6 do daa d aapia apa Bieransusvecd aa es 28 References Sein Se a eae ee ea we eS 28 Document Revision History 29 ey 2 freescale semiconductor Introduction 1 Introduction This application note describes the steps for obtaining building downloading and starting Linux on a Sandpoint platform This section provides an overview of the various sections of this application note Section 2 Terminology defines the terminology used in this application note Section 3 Quick Start for a Pre Configured Linux System on Sandpoint includes all the information needed to start up and run Linux on the pre configured Linux out of the box system in fewer than 700 words Section 4 What is DINK32 defines the DINK32 debugger Section 5 Building a Linux File System on the Hard Drive describes how to build a Linux file system suitable for booting a Linux kernel on a hard drive Section 6 Obtaining a Linux Kernel Source describes the method for obtaining Linux kernel source code specifically for the PowerPC Section 7
44. re it is useful to be familiar with both sites Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor Building the Kernel To download the full tar source of the latest b2zip file locate the most current Linux kernel 2 6 and click on the F link An example from the site is The latest stable version of the Linux kernel is 2 6 3 2004 02 18 04 36 UTC E V VI C Changelog Unzip the source with bunzip2 and untar it 2 http penguinppc org This site supplies information for Debian support and refers other sites for sources 3 http www bitkeeper com This is the official site for obtaining the latest PowerPC Linux kernel sources The sources cannot be downloaded with a simple download from the web It is necessary to register with bitkeeper and then install the bitkeeper executables on the appropriate machine as well as deal with any proxy servers This site has instructions and an example of how to download the latest SCCS directories As root user change tmp permissions to 777 to install the bitkeeper executables For this application note the bk 3 0 4 powerpc glibc21 linux bin file was downloaded from bitkeeper This bitkeeper executable can be used only on PowerPC architectures and is being used on a Sandpoint However other executables can be obtained for other architectures Once bitkeeper is installed the current PowerPC Linux kernel directory tree may be cloned downl
45. s 32 FPRs 222 SPRs Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 16 Freescale Semiconductor Turning on Linux HH HH HH HHE HH HH HH HH HHHHHHH HHO HHHHHHH H HH Version Released Written by HE HH FH HE HH H HHE HH HH HH HHHHHH HE HH HH HE HHO H HEHEHE HHO HH HH HH HH 13 1 1 Metaware Build May 13 2003 Built on May 13 2003 13 09 37 Freescale s RISC Applications Group Austin TX System Sandpoint X3 with Unity MPMC8245 Processor MPC8245 V1 1 400 MHz 133 MHz memory Memory Map B CHRP 128MB at CL 3 Copyright Freescale Inc 1993 2003 Refer to history c for release info changes errata and fixes DINK32 MPC8245 1 gt gt go FF010000 loaded at FF010000 FF1221D8 relocated to 00800000 009121D8 zimage at 00805907 0090E874 avail RAM 00400000 00800000 Linux PPC load root dev hda3 Uncompressing Linux done Now booting the kernel Memory BAT mapping BAT2 128Mb BAT3 0Mb residual OMb Linux version 2 4 21 rc1 maurie localhost localdomain gcc version 3 3 97 Mo n Jul 14 09 29 31 EDT 2003 Freescale SPS Sandpoint Test Platform Port by MontaVista Software Inc source mvista com On node 0 totalpages 32768 Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 17 Turning on Linux zone 0 32768 pages zone 1 0 pages zone 2 0 pages Kernel command line root dev hda
46. tforms sandpoint_setup c near line 430 For the 2 6 kernel modify arch ppc platforms sandpoint c near line 486 In both cases in the function sandpoint_find_end_of_memory change the line return 64 1024 1024 to return 128 1024 1024 8 Build the kernel with make zImage Creating a Linux Out of the Box Experience on a Sandpoint Platform Rev 2 Freescale Semiconductor 11 Building the Kernel 9 As root copy the kernel elf file to the hda1 partition of the hard drive using the Linux dd command It is assumed that the current directory is in the top level of the Linux source tree This will change the dev hda1 partition from an ext2 partition to a binary partition Linux will no longer be able to read or write to this partition except with the dd command This does not cause a problem with running Linux since the Sandpoint Linux is configured using dev hda3 as the root file system a b c d Type dd if arch ppc boot images zImage sandpoint of dev hdal NOTE Be sure to verify that the location used is of dev hda1 If the location is mistyped as of dev hda all the partitions on the drive are destroyed and that location is no longer usable as a root partition The drive would need to be recreated by untarring the root file system created in Section 5 or the three tar files supplied on the CD see Section 13 2 Ordering the Data CD Only To copy the kernel elf fil
47. writing I2C 127 mi b w128 DINK32 MPC7457 5 gt gt dm i2c a 50 3 0x03 0x0c d 0x04 0x09 X Set the DINK32 environment as follows DINK32 MPC7457 3 gt gt env c DINK32 MPC7457 4 gt gt env L2CACHE 0 DINK32 MPC7457 5 gt gt env L3CACHE 0 Reboot and start Linux 11 3 Considerations for all PowerPC Microprocessors Supported on Sandpoint If Linux starts automatically it can be stopped and booted into DINK32 by holding the backspace key down during boot If this fails quickly typing random characters on the keyboard also works The network name is currently SPlinux This name can be modified by changing the etc sysconfig network file 12 Network Controls for Linux 12 1 Examples of Network Actions and Shutdown The version of Linux using this root file system on the hard drive should automatically get an IP address from a DHCP server because the etc systemconfig network scripts ifcfg eth0 file requests a DHCP Refer to Section 12 3 DHCP Network Configuration If it fails a hard IP address and hard route can be assigned 1 The following example shows the DHCP failing and the user assigning a hard IP address Before using it ensure that the IP address to be used is not assigned by doing a ping of the address and verifying that it is unassigned This can be done on any running Windows Unix Linux or Mac system The example uses the IP address 10 82 124 201 Determining IP informatio
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