The Protective Factors Survey User Manual
Contents
1. PFS is a product of the FRIENDS Network in collaboration with the University of Kansas Institute for Educational Research and Public Service The instrument was developed with the advice and assistance of researchers administrators workers and experts specializing in family support and maltreatment and psychological measurement The survey has undergone three national field tests The PFS is designed for use with caregivers receiving child abuse prevention services The instrument measures protective factors in five areas family functioning resiliency social emotional support concrete support nurturing and attachment and knowledge of parenting child development Workers can administer the survey before during or after services The primary purpose of the Protective Factors Survey is to provide feedback to agencies for continuous improvement and evaluation purposes The survey results are designed to provide agencies with the following information e A snapshot of the families they serve e Changes in protective factors e Areas where workers can focus on increasing individual family protective factors The PFS is not intended for individual assessment placement or diagnostic purposes Agencies should rely on other instruments for clinical use Description The Protective Factors Survey is a pencil and paper survey The instrument is divided into two sections the first section to be completed by a staff member and the second2. focus on the child that they hope will benefit most from your participation in our services You can help participants identify the target child by asking What child do you think will benefit most from you being here or Which child were you referred for services Remind them that they need to provide the child s age first before they answer the questions Child s Age or DOB What is the age and date of birth of the child you hope will benefit most from your involvement in our services 12 There are many times when I don t know what to do as a parent am often unsure what to do to be a good parent to my child 13 I know how to help my child learn Do you know what your child needs to learn 14 My child misbehaves just to upset me Do you think that your child acts up just to upset you 15 I praise my child when he she behaves well Do you praise your child for good behavior If your child behaves well do you tell him her how happy you are 16 When I discipline my child I lose control Do you have a hard time controlling your temper when you discipline your child 17 I am happy being with my child How much of the time do you enjoy being with your child 18 My child and I are very close to each other How much of the time do you feel that your relationship with your child is strong 19 I am able to soothe my child when he she is upset How much of the time are you able to calm your child down when he or she is u
3. section to be completed by a program participant Protective Factors Survey For Staff Use Only Form The purpose of the Protective Factors Survey For Staff Use Only Form is to gather demographic information about the participant Program staff who are knowledgeable about the participant are asked to complete this section The Staff Form contains two sets of questions 1 participant s survey experience including the administration date supports provided and language version used and 2 program dosage specifically participant s length of involvement and types of services received Protective Factors Survey The Protective Factors Survey contains the core questions of the survey This part is designed for program participants who have received or are currently receiving prevention services In the demographic section participants are asked to provide details about their family composition income and involvement in services In the family protective factors section participants are asked to respond to a series of statements about their family using a seven point frequency or agreement scale The following table provides a brief summary of the multiple protective factors covered in the survey Protective Factors Covered in the PFS Protective Factor Definition Family Functioning Resiliency Having adaptive skills and strategies to persevere in times of crisis Family s ability to openly share positive and ne
4. statement approved by their agency or IRB If agencies do not have an informed consent statement an example is included in the survey kit see Section IV Agencies can modify this one or write their own 2 Create survey packets Using the master CD located in the survey kit staff should make one copy of the survey materials for each program participant Copies of the Informed Consent Statement should also be made Staff should staple the survey materials together and double check the page numbers to make sure survey questions are presented in the order as they appear on the electronic copy given to each agency 3 Put participant ID number on surveys A participant ID number is required to process the survey data Agencies should use existing case client ID numbers This number will allow staff to administer the second round of surveys to the same participants There are two places that the participant ID needs to be provided on the cover sheet of the Protective Factors Survey For Staff Use Only Form and on the first page of the Protective Factors Survey The survey will take approximately 10 15 minutes to complete The survey should be administered in a comfortable setting at a time when participants are not easily distracted and can concentrate on the items Staff are welcome to provide refreshments to participants as long as access to refreshments is not tied directly to completion of the survey The survey is designed to be admin
5. 8 19 and 20 If fewer than 3 of these items were completed don t compute a score If 3 or more items were completed sum the items responses and divide by the number of items completed Child Development Knowleadge of Parenting The knowledge of parenting and child development factor is composed of five unique items 12 13 14 15 16 Because of the nature of these items calculation of a subscale score is not recommended Means standard deviations and percentages should be used to assess an agency s progress in this area Technical Data The reliability of each subscale of the PFS has been estimated using an internal consistency measure of reliability Cronbach s coefficient alpha Reliabilities for each subscale are provided below For further information about the psychometric properties of the PFS please refer to the technical report available upon request from the University of Kansas Institute for Educational Research and Public Service Subscale Reliability Family Functioning Resiliency 89 Social Support 89 Concrete Support 16 Nurturing and Attachment 81
6. Check to make sure informed consent forms are completed before proceeding Reviewing Instructions with Participants This survey contains two different sections that you will need to complete The first section asks for background information about you and your family You may have already given us some of this information and we thank you for giving it to us again today so that our survey information can be as complete as possible The second section asks about your parenting experiences and your general outlook on life Please remember that this is not a test so there are no right or wrong answers You should choose the best answer for you and your family You will notice that the answer choices are on a number scale Please respond by circling the number that best describes your situation If you do not find an answer that fits perfectly circle the one that comes closest There is one section in the survey that asks you to focus on the child that you hope will benefit most from your participation in our services For these questions it is important that you answer only with that child in mind Please remember to fill in the space with the child s age so that we can better understand your responses When you are finished with the survey you can pass it back to me If at any time you have questions about the survey just let me know and I can help you Section III Survey Clarifications Clarifications on the For Sta
7. NOT SURE if you do not know whether or not the participant has had involvement with CPS Date participant began program complete for pretest Provide the month date and year that the participant began receiving services from your program Please use the four digit year for example 2007 instead of 07 Date participant completed program complete for post test Provide the month date and year that the participant completed services from your program Please use the four digit year for example 2007 instead of 07 Type of Services Identify all of the services that the participant is currently receiving If you do not find one that matches your program s services select other and provide a two to four word description of the program Service Intensity A COMPLETE AT PRETEST Estimate the number of hours of service the participant will be offered during the program You should add up the hours across all services that the participant receives B COMPLETE AT POST TEST Estimate the number of hours of service the participant has received since he she started the program You should add up the hours across all services that the participant receives PROTECTIVE FACTORS SURVEY FOR STAFF USE ONLY Agency ID Participant ID Is this a O Pretest O Post test 1 Date survey completed _ 2 How was the survey completed O Completed in face to face interview O Completed by participant with program staff available to explain i
8. Section Il Survey Scripts Introducing the Survey Reviewing Instructions with Participants Introducing the Survey I am going to ask you to complete a survey This survey will help us better understand the needs of the families we serve We want to provide the best services that we can to all of our parents and families and this is one way to help us keep on track The survey contains questions about your experiences as a parent and your outlook on life in general The content of the survey should cause no more discomfort than you would experience in everyday life All of the information that you share with us will be kept confidential and you do not have to put your name anywhere on the survey The services you receive will not be affected by any answers that you give us in this survey Do you have any questions about the survey Answer participant questions FOR AGENCIES WITH INFORMED CONSENT REQUIREMENTS On the front page of the survey is an Informed Consent Form This is a document for our records that will be kept separate from the survey This document tells us whether or not you have agreed to participate in the survey You do not need to take this survey if you do not want to and the services you receive will not be taken away or changed if you do not take the survey Please take a few minutes to read the first page of the survey When you are finished please check off the appropriate box and sign the form
9. The Protective Factors Survey User Manual TPE AZ J do B FRIENDS National Resource Center for Community Based Child Abuse Prevention A Service of the Children s Bureau FRIENDS National Resource Center for Community Based Child Abuse Prevention Chapel Hill Training Outreach Project Inc e 800 Eastowne Drive Suite 105 Chapel Hill NC 27514 e 919 490 5577 919 490 4905 fax www friendsnrc org Eg The Protective Factors Survey A guide to administering the Protective Factors Survey March 2008 Prepared by the Institute for Educational Research and Public Service at the University of Kansas gs This product was prepared by the Institute for Educational Research and Public Service at the University of Kansas under a subcontract with the FRIENDS National Resource Center FRIENDS is funded by the U S Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children Youth and Families Office of Child Abuse and Neglect under discretionary Grant 90CA1729 The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the funders nor does mention of trade names commercial products or This information is in the public domain Readers are encouraged to copy portions of the text that are not the property of copyright holders and share them but please credit the FRIENDS National Resource Center Boy Ker organizations imply endorsement by the U S Department of Health and Human Servic
10. ation to make sure that the families we serve are benefiting from our program It is also a way for us to see what we are doing well and if there are areas in which we can improve We want to provide the best possible services to our families and this is one way to keep us on track Part of the evaluation involves asking program participants to complete a survey about how our services affect them and their families If you choose to participate in this evaluation your identity will be kept confidential No identifying information will be shared with anyone outside of this program Other information about the evaluation Your participation is voluntary Your services will not be affected by your participation or lack of participation Your privacy will be protected Your name will not appear on the survey If you are givena case ID only authorized program personnel will know it and it will not be shared with anyone Once you have completed the survey the information on it will be transferred to a database and the survey will be destroyed We hope you will help us by participating in this evaluation Your participation will help us to improve services to all families who may need it oO I agree to participate in the evaluation by responding to the PFS survey oO I choose not to participate at this time Participants Signature Date Program Staff Signature Date Section V Subscale Scores Computing Subscale Scores Technical Data Comp
11. es Sg Authorization for Use This product was prepared by the Institute for Educational Research and Public Service at the University of Kansas under a subcontract with the FRIENDS National Resource Center FRIENDS is funded by the U S Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children Youth and Families Office on Child Abuse and Neglect under discretionary Grant 90CA 1729 The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the funders nor does mention of trade names commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U S Department of Health and Human Services This information is in the public domain Readers are encouraged to copy portions of the text that are not the property of copyright holders and share them but please credit the FRIENDS National Resource Center Introduction Purpose and Use Though there are numerous instruments designed to measure individual protective factors there is not currently a single instrument that assesses multiple protective factors against child abuse and neglect In 2004 The FRIENDS National Resource Center for Community Based Child Abuse Prevention began a project to develop a Protective Factors Survey PFS for its network of federally funded Community Based Child Abuse Prevention CBCAP programs This project was initiated to help programs better assess changes in family protective factors a major focus of prevention work The
12. ff Use Only Form Paraphrasing Instructions Clarifications on the For Staff Use Only Form 1 2 3 4A 4B 5 6 Agency ID Please provide the name of your agency Participant ID Participants do not need to give their names however a unique participant ID is necessary to process the survey The participant ID number should be the case client ID number that the agency uses to track the participant Is this a Pretest or Post test Please indicate whether the survey being administered is a pretest given at the initiation of services or a post test given at the end of services Date survey completed Provide the month date and year that the survey was completed Please use the four digit year for example 2007 instead of 07 How was the survey completed Please check the most appropriate response O Completed in a face to face interview if you met individually with the participant and filled it out together O Completed by participant with program staff available to explain items as needed if the participant filled it out with help from staff O Completed by participant without program staff present if the participant had no staff assistance Has the participant had any involvement with Child Protective Services Check the most appropriate box O NO if you know that the participant has not had involvement with CPS O YES if you know that the participant has had involvement with CPS O
13. for them Staff should discretely provide instructions to non participants 4 Direct participants to the second page of the survey The survey starts on the second page of the packet for participants Staff should instruct participants to skip the cover sheet For Staff Use Only and proceed to page one of the survey 5 Review general survey instructions with participants Staff should review general instructions with participants using the script provided in the manual see Reviewing Instructions with Participants on page 11 It is important that staff provide instructions regarding identification of the target child to all participants 6 Start survey The participant demographic questions start on page one of the survey packet Staff should instruct participants to begin the survey If participants have questions about specific items staff should provide assistance Staff can utilize the paraphrasing provided in the manual Section III to answer questions 7 Collect surveys Upon completion surveys should be collected from participants If there were any unusual circumstances surrounding the survey administration staff should note that on the survey 8 Complete For Staff Use Only Form The cover sheet of the survey contains the demographic questions that must be completed by a staff member familiar with the program participant Instructions for completing the demographic questions are provided in the next section
14. gative experiences and mobilize to accept solve and manage problems Social Emotional Support Perceived informal support from family friends and neighbors that helps provide for emotional needs Concrete Support Perceived access to tangible goods and services to help families cope with stress particularly in times of crisis or intensified need Child Development Knowledge of Parenting Understanding and utilizing effective child management techniques and having age appropriate expectations for children s abilities Nurturing and Attachment The emotional tie along with a pattern of positive interaction between the parent and child that develops over time Section I Instructions for Staff Preparing the Survey Administering the Survey Preparing the Survey Administering the Survey The PFS survey kit contains all the materials that staff will need to prepare the surveys Although materials can be shared among staff it is highly recommended that one person be responsible for preparing the survey materials for the agency Agencies should prepare the surveys several days prior to survey administration following the steps listed below 1 Prepare the Informed Consent Statement Staff will need to create an Informed Consent Statement to fit the consent requirements of their organization Each agency probably has a protocol or statement for collecting data Agencies should only use the
15. h of the time does each person get to share their side in an argument In my family we take time to listen to each other How much of the time does your family listen to each other My family pulls together when things are stressful When your family is facing a hard time how much of the time do you work together My family is able to solve our problems When your family has a problem how much of the time are you able to come up with solutions I have others who will listen when I need to talk about my problems Do you have family friends neighbors or professionals who you can tell your problems to When I am lonely there are several people I can talk to Do you have family friends neighbors or professionals who you can talk to when you are lonely would have no idea where to turn if my family needed food or housing When you need food or housing you don t know about any available resources wouldn t know where to go for help if had trouble making ends meet You don t know where to get assistance when you need help paying your bills If there is a crisis have others I can talk to If you are faced with an emergency or an urgent situation you have others you can talk to If needed help finding a job wouldn t know where to go for help I don t where to get help when I need work Part I Please circle the number that describes how often the statements are true for you or your family The numbers represen
16. household currently receives Children in Your Household List all of the children that are a part of your household For each child identify the child s gender date of birth and your relationship to that child If you have more than four children continue the list on the back of the sheet Agency ID Participant ID 1 Date Survey Completed 2 Sex O Male O Female 3 Age in years 4 Race Ethnicity Please choose the ONE that best describes what you consider yourself to be OA Native American or Alaskan Native OB Asian OC African American OD African Nationals Caribbean Islanders OE Hispanic or Latino OF Middle Eastern OG Native Hawaiian Pacific Islanders OH White Non Hispanic European American Ol Multi racial OJ Other 5 Marital Status OA Married OB Partnered OC Single OD Divorced OE Widowed OF Separated 6 Family Housing OA Own OB Rent OC Shared housing with relatives friends OD Temporary shelter temporary with friends relatives OE Homeless 7 Family Income OA 0 10 000 OB 10 001 20 000 OC 20 001 30 000 OD 30 001 40 000 OE 40 001 50 000 OF more than 50 001 8 Highest Level of Education OA Elementary or junior high school OB Some high school OC High school diploma or GED OD Trade Vocational Training OE Some college OF 2 year college degree Associate s OG 4 year college degree Bachelor s OH Master s degree OI PhD or other advanced degree 9 Which if any of the following do you curre
17. istered in person Surveys can be administered in a group setting or in one on one interviews The role of staff in the survey process is to facilitate understanding but not to tell participants how to answer It is critical that staff members present the survey in a consistent way to all participants We strongly recommend that staff review the manual prior to survey administration so that all participants receive the same instructions Below is a list of recommended steps for the survey process to ensure consistent data collection These steps have been written for staff administering the survey in a group setting Modifications can be made if a different format i e interviews is used 1 Hand out survey packets Each participant should receive a survey packet with his her participant ID number at the top of the survey Staff should make sure the participant ID number that is written on the packet corresponds with the participant 2 Introduce the survey Staff should introduce the survey by reading the introductory statement to participants see Introducing the Survey on page 10 After the introduction staff should give participants a few minutes to read the Informed Consent Statement and sign it if necessary 3 Provide alternative arrangements for non participants Alternative arrangements should be provided to participants who decide not to complete the survey This might include leaving early or providing other activities
18. ntly receive Check all that apply OA Food Stamps OB Medicaid State Health Insurance OC Earned Income Tax Credit OD TANF OE Head Start Early Head Start Services OF None of the above 10 Please tell us about the children living in your household Child 1 Male Female Your relation CIA Birth parent IB Adoptive parent IC Grand Great Grandparent DOB ship to child OD Sibling OE Other relative CIF Foster parent OG Other Child 2 Male Female Your relation CIA Birth parent IB Adoptive parent CIC Grand Great Grandparent DOB ship to child OD Sibling OE Other relative OIF Foster parent OG Other Child 3 Male Female Your relation OA Birth parent IB Adoptive parent CIC Grand Great Grandparent DOB ship to child ID Sibling OE Other relative LF Foster parent OG Other Child 4 Male Female Your relation CIA Birth parent IB Adoptive parent CIC Grand Great Grandparent DOB ship to child OD Sibling OE Other relative LF Foster parent OG Other If more than 4 children please use space provided on the back of this sheet Paraphrasing Instructions for the Participant Form Protective Factors Survey Questions 1 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 In my family we talk about problems When your family has a problem how often does your family sit down and talk about it When we argue my family listens to both sides of the story When there are disagreements in your family how muc
19. pset 20 I spend time with my child doing what he she likes to do How often do you do activities with your child that he or she enjoys Part Ill This part of the survey asks about parenting and your relationship with your child For this section please focus on the child that you hope will benefit most from your participation in our services Please write the child s age or date of birth and then answer questions with this child in mind Child s Age or DOB Strongly Mostly Slightly Slightly Mostly Strongly Disagree Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Agree Agree 12 There are many times when don t know what to do as a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 parent 13 I know how to help my child 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 learn 14 My child misbehaves just to upset me Part IV Please tell us how often each of the following happens in your family About Very Very Half the Frequentl Frequentl Never Rarely Rarely Time y y Always 15 I praise my child when he she 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 behaves well 16 When I discipline my child I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 lose control 17 1 am happy being with my 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 child 18 My child and I are very close 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 to each other 19 I am able to soothe my child 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 when he she is upset 20 I spend time with my child 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 doing what he she likes to do Section IV Sample Informed Consent Form Sample Informed Consent Statement Name of Program is conducting an evalu
20. r use by staff during the survey process If a question arises staff should rely on the paraphrasing to assist participants Demographic Information Questions 1 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Agency ID The Agency ID will be provided by the program staff Participant ID The Participant ID will be provided by the program staff Date survey completed Write today s date Please use the four digit year for example 2007 instead of 07 Sex Are you a male or a female Age in years Write your current age Race Ethnicity Select the race ethnicity that best describes you If the categories do not describe your race ethnicity select other and provide a description Marital Status Select the box that best describes your current marital status Family Housing Select the box the best describes what type of home your family current lives in Temporary means that you have places to stay but that you do not have an on going residency in a household Family Income The family income refers to the combined annual income of all family members in the household and could include earned income child support and Social Security payments among other sources Highest Level of Education Select the box that best describes the highest level of education that you completed Which of the following do you currently receive Select all categories of assistance that you or anyone in your
21. t a scale from 1 to 7 where each of the numbers represents a different amount of time The number 4 means that the statement is true about half the time Very About Half Very Never Rarely Rarely the Time Frequently Frequently Always 1 In my family we talk about 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 problems 2 When we argue my family listens to both sides of the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 story 3 In my family we take time to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 listen to each other 4 My family pulls together when 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 things are stressful 5 My family is able to solve our 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 problems Part Il Please circle the number that best describes how much you agree or disagree with the statement Strongly Mostly Slightly Slightly Mostly Strongly Disagree Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Agree Agree 6 have others who will listen when I need to talk about my 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 problems 7 When I am lonely there are 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 several people I can talk to 8 I would have no idea where to turn if my family needed food 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 or housing 9 I wouldn t know where to go for help if I had trouble 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 making ends meet 10 If there is a crisis have 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 others I can talk to 11 If I needed help finding a job I wouldn t know where to go 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 for help Paraphrasing Instructions for the Participant Form Protective Factors Survey Questions 12 20 NOTE Questions 12 20 ask participants to
22. tems as needed O Completed by participant without program staff present 3 Has the participant had any involvement with Child Protective Services ONO O YES O NOT SURE 4 A Date participant began program complete for pretest 4 B Date participant completed program complete at post test 5 Type of Services Identify the type of program that most accurately describes the services the participant is receiving Check all that apply O Parent Education O Parent Support Group O Parent Child Interaction O Advocacy self community O Fatherhood Program O Planned and or Crisis Respite O Homeless Transitional Housing O Resource and Referral O Family Resource Center O Skill Building Ed for Children O Adult Education i e GED Ed O Job Skills Employment Prep O Pre Natal Class O Family Literacy O Marriage Strengthening Prep O Home Visiting O Other If you are using a specific curriculum please name it here 6 Participant s Attendance Estimate if necessary A Answer at Pretest Number of hours of service offered to the consumer B Answer at Post test Number of hours of service received by the consumer Paraphrasing Instructions for the Participant Form Occasionally participants need further clarification in order to answer the questions It is important that staff provide the same explanations to participants so that the survey administration is consistent The paraphrasing provided below is intended fo
23. uting Subscale Scores The following are directions for calculating the scores by hand Step 41 Reverse score selected items Before subscales can be calculated all items need to be scored in the same direction such that a higher score reflects a higher level of protective factors The following items require reverse scoring 8 9 11 12 14 16 To reverse score the items listed above use the following scoring transformation A score of 1 is rescored 7 a score of 2 is rescored 6 a score of 3 is rescored 5 a score of 5 is rescored 3 a score of 6 is rescored 2 a score of 7 is rescored 1 Step 2 Calculate the subscale scores Family Functioning Resiliency The FFPSC subscale is composed of items 1 through 5 If fewer than 4 of items 1 through 5 were completed don t compute a score If 4 or more items were completed sum the items responses and divide by the number of items completed Social Support The SS subscale is composed of items 6 7 and 10 If fewer than 2 of these items were completed don t compute a score If 2 or more items were completed sum the items responses and divide by the number of items completed Concrete Support The CS subscale is composed of items 8 9 and 11 If fewer than 2 of these items were completed don t compute a score If 2 or more items were completed sum the items responses and divide by the number of items completed Nurturing and Attachment The NA subscale is composed of items 17 1
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