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X-Series Signal Generators Programming Guide

1. Table 5 6 Downloading Encrypted Files for No Extraction Download Method Command Syntax Options Memory Type SCPI volatile memory MMEM DATA user bbgl securewave file name blockdata MMEM DATA SWFM1 lt file name gt lt blockdata gt MMEM DATA file name SWFM1 lt blockdata gt SCPI non volatile memory MMEM DATA user securewave file name blockdata MMEM DATA SNVWFM file name gt lt blockdata gt MMEM DATA file name SNVWFM lt blockdata gt Table 5 7 Downloading Unencrypted Files for Extraction Download Method Command Syntax Options Memory Type SCPI volatile MEM DATA UNPRotected user bbgl waveform file name blockdata memory E EM DATA UNPRotected user bbgl markers file name blockdata EM DATA UNPRotected user bbgl header file name blockdata EM DATA UNPRotected WFM1 file name blockdata MEM DATA UNPRotected MKR1 file name lt blockdata gt EM DATA UNPRotected HDR1 file name lt blockdata gt EM DATA UNPRotected file name WFM1 lt blockdata gt EM DATA UNPRotected file name MKR1 lt blockdata gt EM DATA UNPRotected file name HDR1 lt blockdata gt Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 231 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data Table 5 7 Downloading Unencrypted Files for Extraction Download Method Co
2. a pointer to the result string x Errors returns 0 if send fails KEPER EE EREEREER REESE EE ERRERA EAR REA RE EEE EE ERE RR E REE ER RE REE RRRA RR int commandinstrument SOCKET sock const char command int count fprintf stderr Sending 5 n command if strchr command n NULL fprintf stderr Warning missing newline on command s n command count send sock command strlen command 0 if count SOCKET ERROR Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 133 134 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples return COMMAND ERROR return NO CMD ERROR FEX EO IO E EGO E EG EG E IO OE I EG IO RAK E EG EG E IG GIO EO RAR RAK E EG EG EGO GIO IG RAK EG G X recv_line similar to fgets but uses recv Yo E GO E EG EG EG EG E IO IO RAR RARER EGO E E RRR RR RRR E EGG EGO E E GO GO GG EGG EGG E XX J char recv line SOCKET sock char result int maxLength ifdef WINSOCK nt cur_length 0 nt count char ptr result nt err 1 hile cur_length lt maxLength Get a byte into ptr count recv sock ptr 1 0 f no chars to read stop if count 1 break cur_length count If we hit a newline stop if ptr n ptr t err 0 break Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LA
3. memory MEM DATA UNPRotected file name NVWEM lt blockdata gt MEM DATA UNPRotected user waveform file name lt blockdata gt FTP volatile memory put file name gt user bbgl waveform file name FTP non volatile put file name user waveform file name memory a See FTP Procedures on page 346 There are two commands that download a file for no extraction iMEM DATA file name gt lt blockdata gt MMEM DATA lt filename gt lt blockdata gt The following table uses the first command to illustrate the command format however the format is the same if you use the second command Table 6 13 Downloading a File for No Extraction Download Method Command Syntax Options Memory Type SCPI volatile memory MEM DATA WFM1 file name lt blockdata gt MEM DATA file name WFM1 lt blockdata gt MMEM DATA user bbgl waveform file name lt blockdata gt SCPI non volatile MEM DATA NVWFM file name blockdata memory MEM DATA file nameGNVWFM blockdata MEM DATA user waveform file name blockdata Modifying PRAM Files The only way to change PRAM file data is to modify the original file on a computer and download it again The signal generator does not support viewing and editing PRAM file contents Because the signal generator 362 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Patte
4. We need a buffer to interleave the and Q data 4 bytes to account for 2 bytes and 2 Q bytes char igbuffer NUMSAMPLES 4 interleave and Q and swap bytes from little endian order to big endian order for index 0 index numsamples index int ivalue idata index int qvalue qdata index igbuffer index 4 ivalue gt gt 8 amp OxFF high byte of i iqbuffer index 441 ivalue amp OxFF II low byte of i igbuffer index 442 qvalue gt gt 8 amp OxFF high byte of q igbuffer index 443 qvalue amp OxFF low byte of q Big Endian order data uncomment the following lines of code I Interleave the and Q data short iqbuffer NUMSAMPLES 2 Big endian order uncomment this line for indexz index lt numsamples index Big endian order uncomment this line H3 Big endian order uncomment this line 268 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples I1 iqbuffer index 2 idata index Big endian order uncomment this line II iqbuffer index 2 1 qdata index Big endian order uncomment this line HJ Big endian order uncomment this line I Open a connection to write to the instrument INST id iopen instOpenString if lid fprintf stderr iopen failed S n inst OpenString return 1 Declare variables to hold portions of the SCP
5. 1 The Keysight X Series and MXG use an optional USB media to store non volatile waveform data 2 The Keysight X Series and MXG internal non volatile memory is referred to as internal storage These internal storage directories contain pointers to the files which are located in the NONVOLATILE directory 3 The NONVOLATILE directory shows the files with the same extensions as the USB media and is useful with ftp Memory Allocation Volatile Memory The signal generator allocates volatile memory in blocks of 1024 bytes For example a waveform file with 60 samples the minimum number of samples has 300 bytes 5 bytes per sample x 60 samples but the signal generator allocates 1024 bytes of memory If a waveform is too large to fit into 1024 bytes the signal generator allocates additional memory in multiples of 1024 bytes For example the signal generator allocates 3072 bytes of memory for a waveform with 500 samples 2500 bytes 3 x 1024 bytes 3072 bytes of memory As shown in the examples waveforms can cause the signal generator to allocate more memory than what is actually used which decreases the amount of available memory NOTE In the first block of data of volatile memory that is allocated for each waveform file the file header requires 512 bytes 224 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Memory Non Volatile Memory If the si
6. 364 MSa 20 MB USB Flash Drive UFD Option Size Option Size N5172B and N5182B 653 655 656 32 MSa 160 MB Standard 600 MSa 3 GB 657 BBG 006 2 GSa 8 GB 009 7 5 GSa 30 GB 021 72B only 256 MSa 1 25 GB USB Flash Drive UFD user determined 022 512 MSa 2 5 GB 023 82B only 1024 MSa 5 GB N5182A 651 652 6542 8 MSa 40 MB Standard 800 MSa 4 GB user determined a The internal baseband generator speed upgrade Options 670 671 and 672 are option upgrades that require Option 651 and 652 to have been loaded at the factory refer to the Data Sheet for more information Any references to 651 652 or 654 are inclusive of 671 672 and 674 b For serial numbers lt MY4818xxxx US4818xxxx and SG4818xxxx the per sistent memory value 2512 MB Checking Available Memory Whenever you download a user data file you must be aware of the amount of remaining signal generator memory Table 6 5 shows to where each user data file type is downloaded and from which memory type the signal generator accesses the file data Information on downloading a user data file is located within each user data file section NOTE The FIR filter file types only apply to vector signal generator models with an installed baseband generator option Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 329 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Signal Generator Memory
7. Unleveled A 1 in this bit position indicates that the output leveling loop is unable to set the output power IQ Mod Overdrive A 1 in this bit position indicates that the signal level into the IQ modulator is too high Unused This bit is always set to 0 ALC Heater Detector Cold A 1 in this bit position indicates that the ALC detector is cold Unused These bits are always set to 0 Always 0 194 Query STATus QUEStionable POWer CONDition Response The decimal sum of the bits set to 1 Data Questionable Power Transition Filters negative and positive The Data Questionable Power Transition Filters specify which type of bit state changes in the condition register set corresponding bits in the event register Changes can be positive 0 to 1 or negative 1 to 0 Commands STATus QUEStionable POWer NTRansition lt value gt negative transition or STATus QUEStionable POWer PTRansition lt value gt positive transition where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable Queries STATus QUEStionable POWer NTRansition STATus QUEStionable POWer PTRansition Data Questionable Power Event Register The Data Questionable Power Event Register latches transition events from the condition register as specified by the transition filters Event registers are destructive read only Reading data from an event register clears the content of that register
8. error checking clears the signal generator resets the status byte register resets the signal generator sets up the signal generator frequency ALC off power level RF output on checks for operation complete saves to settings to instrument register number one recalls information from register number one prompts user input to put instrument into Local and checks for operation complete The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaex8 cpp E OOOOOOOOOEOO RRR REA ERE KARE ER KK KARE EEE PROGRAM FILE NAME visaex8 cpp PROGRAM DESCRIPTION In this example instrument settings are saved in the signal generator s registers and then recalled Instrument settings can be recalled from the keyboard or when the signal generator is put into Local control from the front panel This program will initialize the signal generator for an instrument state store the state to register 1 An RST command will reset the signal generator and a RCL command will return it to the stored state Following this remote operation the user Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 103 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples will be instructed to place the signal generator in Local mode lI J EEEE EEEE EE ERE EE E EE EEE E E E E E EEE A E E E E E E AEE EE AEE ee include l
9. System out printl n Error e Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples Sockets LAN Programming Using Perl This example uses PERL to control the signal generator over the sockets LAN interface The signal generator frequency is set to 1 GHz queried for operation complete and then queried for it s identify string This example was developed using PERL version 5 6 0 and requires a PERL version with the IO Socket library 1 In the code below enter your signal generator s hostname in place of the xxxxx in the code line my instrumentName xxxxx 2 Save the code listed below using the filename 1anperl 3 Run the program by typing perl lanperl at the UNIX term window prompt Setting the Power Level and Sending Queries Using PERL The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as per1 txt usr bin perl PROGRAM NAME perl txt Example of talking to the signal generator via SCPl over sockets use 10 Socket Change to your instrument s hostname my SinstrumentName xxxxx Get socket sock new 10 Socket INET PeerAddr gt instrument Name PeerPort gt 5025 Proto gt tcp E die Socket Could not be created Reason n unless sock Set freg print Setting frequency n print sock freq 1 GHz n Wait for completion print Waiting fo
10. Table 6 5 User Data File Memory Location User Data File Download Access Type Memory Memory Bit Non volatile Volatile Binary Non volatile Volatile PRAM Volatile Volatile Instrument Non volatile Non volatile State FIR Non volatile Non volatile Flatness Non volatile Non volatile Bit and binary files increase in size when the signal generator loads the data from non volatile to volatile memory For more information see User File Size on page 336 Use the following SCPI commands to determine the amount of remaining memory Volatile Memory MMEM CAT WFM1 The query returns the following information memory used memory remaining file names gt Non Volatile Memory MEM CAT ALL The query returns the following information memory used gt lt memory remaining file names gt NOTE The signal generator calculates the memory values based on the number of bytes used by the files residing in volatile or non volatile memory and not on the memory block allocation To accurately determine the available memory you must calculate the number of blocks of memory used by the files For more information on memory block allocation see Memory Allocation on page 327 330 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads User File Data Bit Binary Downloads NOTE
11. _ iwrite writes the data n to the signal generator session identifier specified in id Thethird argument of iwrite 1 sends one byte to the signal generator The fourth argument of iwrite 1 is the END of file indicator which the program uses to terminate the data download To verify the waveform data download see Loading Playing and Verifying a Downloaded Waveform on page 250 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 249 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Loading Playing and Verifying a Downloaded Waveform Loading Playing and Verifying a Downloaded Waveform The following procedures show how to perform the steps using SCPI commands For front panel key commands refer to the User s Guide or to the Key help in the signal generator Loading a File from Non Volatile Memory Select the downloaded 1 Q file in non volatile waveform memory NVWFM and load it into volatile waveform memory WFM1 The file comprises three items I Q data marker file and file header information Send one of the following SCPI command to copy the Q file marker file and file header information MEMory COPY NAME lt NVWFM file name WFM1 file name gt MEMory COPY NAME lt NVMKR file name MKR1 file name gt MEMory COPY NAME NVHDR file name HDR file name gt NOTE When you copy a waveform file marker file or header file information from volatile or n
12. include lt string h gt include math h gt const int POINTS 1000 Size of waveform const char computer PCW N int main int argc char argv ial lo Create Si mpl e 1Q Si gnal XCEECKOE XE XC XC KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK E XXX This signal is a single tone on the upper ll side of the carrier and is usually refered to as Il a Single Side Band Suppressed Carrier SSBSC signal It is nothing more than a cosine wavefomm in and a sine waveform in Q int points POINTS Number of points in the waveform int cycles 101 Determines the frequency offset fromthe carrier double wave POINTS waveform double Qwave POINTS Q waveform short int waveform 2 POINTS Holds interleaved 1 Q data double maxAmp 0 Used to Normalize waveform data double minAmp 0 Used to Normalize waveform data double scale 1 char buf Used for byte swapping char pChar Used for byte swapping bool PC true Set flag as appropriate double phaselnc 2 0 3 141592654 cycles points double phase 0 int i 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 259 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples for i 0 i points i phase i phaselnc lwave i cos phase Qwave i sin phase I 2 Save waveform in internal format KKKKKKKKKKK HH Convert the and Q data into the inte
13. printf Source CW frequency is Resets signal generator I Querys the CW frequency Reads response into rdBuffer Prints the source frequency s n rdBuffer printf Press any key to continue n printf n the display getch viPrintf vi POW AMPL n viScanf vi t rdBuffer rdBuffer printf Source power dBm is I Prints new line character to Querys the power level Reads the response into Prints the source power level Wsin rdBuffer printf Press any key to continue n printf n the display getch viPrintf vi FREQ MODE n viScanf vi t rdBuffer rdBuffer printf Source frequency mode is I Prints new line character to Querys the frequency mode Reads the response into Prints the source freq mode s n rdBuffer printf Press any key to continue n ADET etim fs the display getch viPrintf vi OUTP OFF n viPrintf vi OUTP n RF state viScanf vi li amp num val ue if num 0 printf Source RF state is Prints new line character to Turns source RF state off Querys the signal generator s Reads the response integer Prints the on off RF state on n Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 89 90 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples sel se printf Source RF state is off n Close the
14. use the Microsoft Internet Explorer FTP feature use the PC s or UNIX command window use the signal generator s internal web server Using Microsoft Internet Explorer l Enter the signal generator s hostname or IP address as part of the FTP URL ftp host name or ftp 4IP address gt 2 Press Enter on the keyboard or Go from the Internet Explorer window The signal generator files appear in the Internet Explorer window 3 Drag and drop files between the PC and the Internet Explorer window Using the Command Window PC or UNIX This procedure downloads to non volatile memory To download to volatile memory change the file path Get and Put commands write over existing files by the same name in destination directories Remember to change remote and local filenames to avoid the loss of data Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data NOTE If a filename has a space quotations are required around the filename Always transfer the waveform file before transferring the marker file For additional information on FTP commands refer to the operating system s Window Help and Support Center 1 From the PC command prompt or UNIX command line change to the destination directory for the file you intend to download 2 From the PC command prompt or UNIX command line type ftp instrument name
15. MMEM DATA lt file name gt WFM1 SCPI non volatile MMEM DATA user waveform lt file name gt memory MMEM DATA NVWFM lt file name gt MMEM DATA lt file name gt NVWFM FTP volatile get user bbgl waveform file name gt memory get user bbgl markers file name gt get user bbgl header file name FTP non volatile get user waveform file name memory get user markers file name get user header file name gt a See FTP Procedures on page 234 232 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data Table 5 9 Downloading Encrypted Files for Extraction Download Command Syntax Options Method Memory Type SCPI volatile MEM DATA UNPRotected user bbgl securewave file name lt blockdata gt memory MEM DATA UNPRotected SWFM1 file name lt blockdata gt MEM DATA UNPRotected file name SWFM1 lt blockdata gt SCPI non volatile MEM DATA UNPRotected user securewave file name lt blockdata gt memorySCPI n MEM DATA UNPRotected SNVWFM file name lt blockdata gt on volatile MEM DATA UNPRotected file name SNVWEM lt blockdata gt memory FTP volatile put file name user bbgl securewave file name memory FTP non volatile put file name user securewave file name memory a The MEM DATA UNPRotect
16. file name gt lt uint8 gt lt uint8 gt lt gt uint8 The decimal equivalent of an unsigned 8 bit integer value For a list of usable decimal values and their meaning with respect to the generated signal see Table on page 352 Command Syntax Example The following example when executed creates a new file in volatile waveform memory with the following attributes creates a file named new file outputs a single pulse at the EVENT 1 connector bursts the data pattern 1100 seven times over 28 bytes transmits 32 non bursted bytes resets the data pattern so it starts again MEMory DATA PRAM FILE LIST new file gt 85 21 20 20 21 21 20 20 21 21 20 20 21 21 20 20 21 21 20 20 21 21 20 20 21 21 20 20 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 144 The following list defines the meaning of the different bytes seen in the command line 85 Senda pulse to the EVENT 1 output and burst the signal with a data bit of 1 21 Burstthe signal with a data bit of 1 20 Burstthe signal with a data bit of 0 16 Do not burst the signal RF output off and set the data bit to 0 14 Reset the data pattern do not burst the signal RF output off and set the data bit to 0 4 SCPI Command for a Block Data Download The IEEE standard 488 2 1992 section 7 7 6 defines block data The signal generator is able to download block data significantly faster than list formatted d
17. 230 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data SCPI Command Line Structure The signal generator expects to see waveform data as block data binary files The IEEE standard 488 2 1992 section 7 7 6 defines block data The following example shows how to structure a SCPI command for downloading waveform data amp ABC represents the block data MMEM DATA lt file name tH4ABC lt file name gt the Q file name and file path within the signal generator indicates the start of the data block the number of decimal digits present in B a decimal number specifying the number of data bytes to follow in C e the actual binary waveform data The following example demonstrates this structure MMEM DATA WFM1 my file 3 240 12 8 4 amp 07889g Y907 C file name A B WFM1 the file path my file the I Q file name as it will appear in the signal generator s memory catalog indicates the start of the data block 3 B has three decimal digits 240 240 bytes of data to follow in C 12 S 4 amp 07 8g Y9 7 the ASCII representation of some of the binary data downloaded to the signal generator however not all ASCII values are printable Commands and File Paths for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data Filenames should not exceed 23 characters You can download or extract waveform data using the commands and file paths in the following tables Table 5 5 D
18. LAN Setups LAN Services Setup Remote Language SCPI VXI 11 SCPI OFF NOTE For optimum performance use a 100Base T LAN cable to connect the signal generator to the LAN For details on each key or for a list of equivalent SCPI commands use the front panel key help For information describing the key help refer to Getting Key Help on page 19 and the User s Guide For additional SCPI command information refer to the SCPI Command Reference Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 31 32 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Manual LAN Configuration The Hostname softkey is only available when LAN Config Manual DHCP is set to Manual To remotely access the signal generator from a different LAN subnet you must also enter the subnet mask and default gateway See your system administrator for more information Manual LAN Configuration Sequence fig Tupe Manual anual Config Settings Advanced Settings DHCP Ruto 5 DHCP Auto IP Proceed Hith Reconfiguration Confirm Change Instrument Will Reboot MXG A signal generator models only not X Series Utility IO Config LAN Services Setup Remote Language SCPI Your hostname can be up to 20 characters long SCPI commands SYSTem COMMunicate LAN CONFig MANual SYSTem COMMunicate LAN CONFig For details on each key use the key help described in User s G
19. Little Endian and Big Endian Byte Order When you use multiple bytes as required for the waveform data you must identify their order This is similar to identifying the order of bits by LSB and MSB To identify byte order use the terms little endian and big endian These terms are used by designers of computer processors Little Endian Order The lowest order byte that contains bits 0 7 comes first Bit Position 7 6543 21 0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 Daa 11101001 101 101 1 1 Hex values E9 B7 LSB MSB Big Endian Order The highest order byte that contains bits 8 15 comes first Bit Position 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 654 3241 0 Daa 10110111 11101001 Hex values B7 E9 MSB LSB Notice in the previous figure that the LSB and MSB positioning changes with the byte order In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the bit sequence Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 209 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Understanding Waveform Data NOTE For I Q data downloads Keysight signal generators require big endian order For each Q data point the signal generator uses four bytes two integer values two bytes for the point and two bytes for the Q point The byte order little endian or big endian depends on the type of processor used with your development platform Intel O processors and its clones use little endian Sun and Motorola processors use big endian The Appl
20. Modifying a Bit File with a Hex Editor 1 FTP the file to your PC UNIX For information on using FTP see FTP Procedures Ensure that you use binary file transfers during FTP operations 2 Modify the file using a hex editor program If you need to decrease or increase the number of bits of interest change the file header hex value 80 Byte File From Signal Generator 02 80 hex 640 bits designated as bits of interest ooooo000 Be oi 5a 26 78 5b 2b 37 00000010 47 37 20 23 2f 34 61 63 39 3f 25 2e 69 52 33 22 00000020 40 2e 74 59 75 76 3a 3e 36 26 24 46 47 Ga 3c 7b 00000030 5c 4b 6c 2d 2b 20 2e 68 47 3f 22 60 7e 75 2a 39 00000040 6b 5f 21 60 7e 2c 3a 37 5e Ge Ge 2e 2c 3f Ge 74 00000050 Modified File 80 Bytes to 88 Bytes 02 bd hex 701 bits designated as bits of interest 00000000 58 014 00 00 00 OO 00 00 02 bd 5a 26 78 5b 2b 37 00000010 47 37 20 23 2f 34 61 63 39 3f 25 2e 69 52 33 22 00000020 40 2e 74 59 75 76 3a 3e 36 26 24 46 47 6a 3c 7b 00000030 5c 4b 6c 2d 2b 20 2e 68 47 3f 22 60 7e 75 2a 39 00000040 6b 5f 21 60 7e 2c 3a 37 Se Gc Ge 2e 2c 3f Ge 74 00000050 23 26 3c 6b 2a 76 3 6e Added bytes 3 FTP the file to the signal generator s BIT memory catalog directory FTP Procedures Avoid using the OPC or WAI commands to verify that the FTP process has been completed These commands can potentially hang up due to the processing of other SCPI parser operations Refer
21. Open the specified VISA device the signal generator if Visalnterop Open default RM visaOpenString VisaAccessMode NoLock DEFAULT TIMEOUT out device 0 if no errors proceed bool quit false while quit Get user input Console Write 1 Backup state files n 2 Restore state files n 3 Quit nEnter 1 2 0r 3 Your choice string choice Console ReadLine switch choice Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 373 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files case 1 Backupl nstrumentState device Write instrument state break II files to the computer case 2 RestorelnstrumentState device Read instrument state break files to the sig gen case 3 quit true break default break Visalnterop Close device Close the device else Console WriteLine Unable to open visaOpenString Visalnterop Close defaultRM Close the default resource manager else Console WriteLine Unable to open the VISA resource manager 374 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files This method restores all the sequence register state files located in the local directory identified by a STA file name extension to the signal generato
22. Positive Transition Filter so that no l positive transition on Bit 3 affects the Operation Event Register The positive transition occurs at the start of a Sweep viPrintf vi STAT OPER ENAB 8 n Enables Operation Status Event Bit 3 to report the event to Status Byte Register Summary Bit 7 114 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples viPrintf vi SRE 128 n Enables Status Byte Register Summary Bit 7 The next line of code indicates the function to call on an event viStatus vilnstallHandler vi VI EVENT SERVICE REQ interupt rdBuffer The next line of code enables the detection of an event viStatus viEnableEvent vi VI EVENT SERVICE REQ VI HNDLR VI NULL viPrintf vi FREQ MODE LIST n Sets frequency mode to list viPrintf vi LIST TYPE STEP n Sets sweep to step viPrintf vi LIST TRIG SOUR I MM n Immediately trigger the viPrintf vi LIST MODE AUTO n Sets mode for the list sweep viPrintf vi FREQ STAR 40 MHZ n Start frequency set to 40 MHz viPrintf vi FREQ STOP 900 MHZ n Stop frequency set to 900 MHz viPrintf vi SWE POIN 25 n Set number of points for the step sweep viPrintf vi SWE DWEL 5 S n Allow 5 sec dwell at each poi nt viPrintf vi INIT CONT OFF n Set up for single sweep viPrintf vi TRIG SOUR I MM n
23. Press Utility More gt LXI B gt Configure LXI Events gt Configure LXI Trigger Events 3 Enable the Trigger LAN Event Press the Toggle Event State softkey Using SCPI to configure an LXI Trigger on the MXG The MXG is capable of reacting to an incoming LXI LAN Event by treating it as a trigger The following procedure describes how to set up the MXG sweep trigger to use an LXI event through SCPI commands 1 Reset the MXG Send the following SCPI command RST 2 Select the LXI LAN trigger as the source for sweep triggers Send the following SCPI command TRIGger SOURce LAN3 3 Enable a Trigger LAN Event Send the following SCPI command TRIGger LXI LAN ENABled LANO 1 Verifying an LXI Trigger using LXI Interactive Peer to peer message transmission can be verified by running LXI Interactive from a PC on the same subnet as the MXG 1 Open Interactive LXI From a PC connected to the same subnet as the instrument go to Start All Programs gt Keysight IO Libraries Suite gt Utilities gt Interactive LXI Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 51 52 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN 2 Choose LAN Event Select the desired LAN trigger from the Event ID dropdown menu 3 Send LAN Event Press the Send button This puts the trigger out on the line 4 Monitor Response as on page 50 This may be done assuming that the Output LAN event had been configured from the front panel pag
24. Where instrument name is the signal generator s hostname or IP address 3 Atthe User prompt in the ftp window press Enter no entry is required 4 Atthe Password prompt in the ftp window press Enter no entry is required 5 At the ftp prompt either put a file or get a file To put a file type put file name user waveform file namel where ile name is the name of the file to download and file namel is the name designator for the signal generator s user waveform directory If ilename1 is unspecified ftp uses the specified lt file name gt to name file namel f a marker file is associated with the data file use the following command to download it to the signal generator put marker file name user markers file namel gt where marker file name is the name of the file to download and file name is the name designator for the file in the signal generators user markers directory Marker files and the associated I Q waveform data have the same name For more examples of put command usage refer to Table 5 11 Table 5 11 Put Command Examples Command Local Remote Notes Results Incorrect put user waveform lt filename Produces two lt filename wfm gt put lt filename mkr gt 1 wfm gt user marker lt filenamel mkr gt separate and incompatible files Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide
25. on page 388 PRAM Download Problems on page 390 User FIR Filter Coefficient File Download Problems on page 391 Each section contains the following troubleshooting information alist of symptoms and possible causes of typical problems encountered while downloading data to the signal generator reminders regarding special considerations and file requirements tips on creating data transferring data data application and memory usage User File Download Problems Table 6 14 Use File Download Trouble Symptoms and Causes Symptom Possible Cause Data does not completely fill an integer number of timeslots At the RF output If a user file fills the data fields of more than one timeslot in a continuously repeating framed some data modulated transmission the user file will be restarted after the last timeslot containing completely filled data some data missing fields For example if the user file contains enough data to fill the data fields of 3 5 timeslots firmware will load 3 timeslots with data and restart the user file after the third timeslot The last 0 5 timeslot worth of data will never be modulated Data Requirements The user file selected must entirely fill the data field of each timeslot The user file must be a multiple of 8 bits so that it can be represented in ASCII characters Available volatile memory must be large enough to support both the data field bits and
26. pulsepat m This MATLAB programming example performs the following functions land Q data creation for 10 pulses marker file creation data scaling downloading using Keysight Waveform Download Assistant functions see Using the Download Utilities on page 254 for more information verify that communication with the Keysight MXG X Series has been extablished status status description query result agt_query io idn if status 0 return end set the carrier frequency and power level on the Keysight MXG PSC using the Keysight Waveform Download Assistant status status description agt_sendcommand io SOURce FREQuency 20000000000 status status description agt sendcommand io POWer 0 define the ARB sample clock for playback sampclk 40000000 download the iq waveformto the PSG baseband generator for playback status status description agt waveformload io QData pulsepat sampclk play no normscale Markers turn on RF output power status status description agt sendcommand io OUTPut STATe ON Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 293 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples You can test your program by performing a simulated plot of the in phase modulation signal in Matlab see Figure 5 2 on page 294 To do this enter plot i at the Matlab command prompt Figure 5 2 Simula
27. KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES Keysight X Series Signal Generators N5181A 82A RF N5183A Microwave N5171B 72B 81B 82B RF N5173B 83B Microwave Notice This document contains references to Agilent Please note that Agilent s Test and Measurement busi ness has become Keysight Technologies For more in formation go to www keysight com Programming Guide Notices Keysight Technologies 2006 2014 No part of this manual may be repro duced in any form or by any means including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technol ogies Inc as governed by United States and international copyright laws Manual Part Number N5180 90074 Edition November 2014 Published in USA Keysight Technologies 1400 Fountaingrove Pkwy Santa Rosa CA 95403 USA Warranty THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS AND IS SUB ECT TO BEING CHANGED WITHOUT NOTICE IN FUTURE EDITIONS FURTHER TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICA BLE LAW KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WAR RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING USE OR PER FORMAN
28. Nbytes 240 OUTPUT QEsgb Qwf m data 250 OUTPUT QEsg END 260 ASSIGN Esg TO 270 ASSIGN Esgb TO 280 PRINT 290 PRINT END Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 319 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples 300 END Program Comments 10 Program file name 20 Sets the number of points in the waveform 30 Defines arrays for and Q waveform points Sets them to be integer arrays 40 Sets HP BASIC to use degrees for cosine and sine functions 50 Sets up loop to calculate waveform points 60 Calculates waveform points 70 Calculates Q waveform points 80 End of loop 160 and 210 The and Q waveform files have the same name 90 to 300 See the table on page 316 for program comments 320 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Troubleshooting Waveform Files Troubleshooting Waveform Files Symptom Possible Cause ERROR 224 Text file busy Attempting to download a waveform that has the same name as the waveform currently being played by the signal generator To solve the problem either change the name of the waveform being downloaded or turn off the ARB ERROR 628 DAC over range The amplitude of the signal exceeds the DAC input range The typical causes are unforeseen overshoot DAC values within range or the input values e
29. Program Comments Continued 40 Sets HP BASIC to use degrees for cosine and sine functions 50 Sets up first loop for waveform points 60 Calculate and interleave waveform points 70 End of loop 80 Sets up second loop for Q waveform points 90 Calculate and interleave Q waveform points 100 End of loop 120 Calculates number of bytes in I Q waveform 130 Opens an IO path to the signal generator using GPIB 7 is the address of the GPIB card in the computer and 19 is the address of the signal generator This IO path is used to send ASCII data to the signal generator 140 Opens an IO path for sending binary data to the signal generator 150 Creates an ASCII string representation of the number of bytes in the waveform 160 to 170 Finds the number of digits in Nbytes 190 Sends the first part of the SCPI command MEM DATA along with the name of the file data_file that will receive the waveform data The name data file will appear in the signal generator s memory catalog 200 to 210 Sends the rest of the ASCII header 230 Sends the binary data Note that PSGb is the binary IO path 240 Sends an End of Line to terminate the transmission 250 to 260 Closes the connections to the signal generator 290 End the program Creating and Downloading Waveform Data Using HP BASIC for UNIX On the documentation CD this programming example s name is hpba
30. and amplitude nextPower values entered from the keyboard EESERREOEE EGER RUE REESE EERE EER ERE EE ERS EERE EERE ER ER ERE REE EES SRE ERS IMPORTANT Replace the 000 000 000 000 IP address in the instOpenString declaration ll in the code below with the IP address of your signal generator EESEORROEOOUR REOR RR EER ERERE EERE ERE AER ERE EERE EAR AR ORE EUREN include lt stdlib h gt include lt stdio h gt amp include visa h include lt string h gt H MPORTANT NI Configure the following IP address correctly before compiling and running char instOpenString z TCPIP0 000 000 000 000 INSTR your PSG s IP address Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User Flatness Correction Downloads Using C and VISA const int MAX _STRING_LENGTH 20 length of frequency and power strings const int BUFFER SIZE 256 length of SCPI command string int main int argc char argv ViSession defaultRM vi ViStatus status 0 status vi OpenDefaultRM amp defaultRM open the default resource manager 70 DO Error handling here status viOpen defaultRM instOpenString VI NULL VI NULL amp vi if status if any errors then display the error and exit the program fprintf stderr viOpen failed s n instOpenString return 1 printf Example Program to Download User Flatness Correc
31. having trouble look in the file and see if your and l Q data looks correct Plot the data from this file if that helps you to diagnose the problem FILE outfile fopen ofile w if outfile NULL perror Error opening file to write for index 0 index numsamples index fprintf outfile d d n idata index qdata index fclose outfile The E443xB E4438C E8267C or E8267D all use big endian processors f your software is running on a little endian 282 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples bytes in the data before sending it to the signal processor such as Intel then you will need to swap the generator The arrays ibuffer and qbuffer are used to hold the data after any byte swapping shifting or scaling In this example we ll assume that the data is in the format of the E443xB without markers In other words the data ll is in the range 0 16383 ll 0 gives negative full scale output l 8192 gives 0 V output 16383 gives positive full scale output If this is not the scaling of your data then you will need to scale your data appropriately in the next two blocks l ibuffer and qbuffer will hold the data in the E443xB format No scaling is needed however we need to swap the byte order on a little endian computer Remove the byte swapping
32. provided input on lt stdin gt strcpy command if optind gt argc usage basename exit 1 else no hostname usage basename exi t 1 PERBELALEL ER ELE LEER EE DE EES ERE LEE BEAD BOE ERED OR EERE NK E open a socket connection to the instrument EERE EEE ERR EE EE EER GEER ERR EORR EEE EE ER ER IRE ER EGER EERE Ef ifdef WINSOCK if init winsock 0 exit 1 endif WINSOCK 144 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples instSock openSocket destination SCPI PORT if instSock INVALID SOCKET fprintf stderr Unable to open socket n return 1 fprintf stderr Socket opened n if strlen command gt 0 PEREEEERLAE EEL ELIE LARS EEE SIE REESE RRR RR ER if the command has a in it use queryl nstrument otherwise simply send the command FEX e x GO I EG RR EOD EGO E EG EGO IG KARR RRA KEK EGG IG GIO KK RK KK KY J if isQuery command long buf Bytes buf Bytes queryl nstrument instSock command charBuf INPUT BUF SIZE if quiet fwrite charBuf bufBytes 1 stdout fwrite n 1 1 stdout fflush stdout else command nstrument instSock command else read a line from lt stdin gt while gets charBuf NULL Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Progr
33. sprintf s d bytesToSend sprintf cmd mem data V WFMI FILE2V d d strlen s bytesToSend iwrite id cmd strlen cmd 0 0 iwrite id igbuffer bytesToSend 0 0 iwrite id n 1 1 0 printf Loaded FILE2 using the E4438C E8267C and E8267D format n return 0 286 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Calculating the RMS Voltage for a Waveform Programming Using C This example calculates the RMS voltage value of a waveform segment stored as 16 bit alternating I Q twos complement DAC values Refer to the User s Guide On the Documentation CD this example is named calculate_rms_data_c txt For a short the value must be a 16 bit quantity For waveforms of 4 Gsa or more samples must be an int64 Internally the MXG ignores two or more zeros in a row when calculating RMS voltage values There is no interface version of this example in the Programming Examples chapter include math h gt ifndef W N32 typedef long long int int64 typedef long long unsigned ui nt64 else W N32 typedef int64 int64 typedef unsigned int64 ui nt64 endif WN32 static const int NUM DAC_BITS 16 static const int DAC MAX 1 lt lt NUM DAC BITS I calculates the rms of a chunk of a waveform stored as 16 bit alternating 1 Q twos complement DAC values NOTE
34. 1 10 compensates for issue with PSA should be 20 this issue will be corrected in a future release linmag 10 magDb 10 2 compensates for issue with PSA should be 1 this issue will be corrected in a future release phaseDeg 360 2 pi 2 inmag cos phaseRad j li nmag sin phaseRad phaseRad coeffs z rate oversample round fregStep length coeffs frequency range is also rate we now have a centered frequency domain version of the channel response invert so that we wi cancel the channel response invertedFreqDomain 1 coeffs convert to time domain first placing the 0 frequency at the left edge timeDomain ifft ifftshift invertedFreqDomain put time domain 0 time in center len length ti meDomai n if mod length timeDomain 2 1 odd centerzceil len 2 centeredTi me 1 center 1 ti meDomai n center41 end centeredTi me center len ti meDomai n 1 center else even topHalf length ti meDomai n 2 41 centeredTi me 1 topHalf 1 ti meDomai n topHalf end Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 159 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples centeredTi me topHalf len timeDomain 1 topHalf 1 end resample to desired rate if necessary if abs destRate rate gt le 6 note that this resample function only works with integer rates resampledTime resample centeredTi me destRate rate 30 r
35. 235 Table 5 11 Table 5 12 236 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data Put Command Examples Command Local Remote Notes Results Correct put user waveform lt filename Createsa waveform lt filename wfm gt 1 file and a put user marker filenamel compatible marker file lt filename mkr gt To get a file type get user waveform file namel file name gt where ile namel is the file to download from the signal generator s user waveform directory and lt file name gt is the name designator for the local PC UNIX f a marker file is associated with the data file use the following command to download it to the local PC UNIX directory get user markers file namel marker file name gt where marker file namel is the name of the marker file to download from the signal generator s user markers directory and marker file name is the name of the file to be downloaded to the local PC UNIX For more examples of get command usage refer to Table 5 12 Get Command Examples Command Local Remote Notes Results Incorrect get filel Results in filel containing only the user waveform file filel marker data get user marker file Correct get filel wfm Creates a waveform file and a user waveform file eee ee compatible marker file It is easier to keep files associated by varying the get
36. Enter the hostname of your signal generator in the openSocket function of the main1 function of the lanio cpp program Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples 2 Rename the lanio cpp int main1 function to int main and the original int main function to int mainl 3 Select Rebuild All from Build menu Then select Execute Lanio exe The program will run and display results similar to those shown in Figure 3 1 Figure 3 1 Program Output Screen rj C GPIB Test lanio Debug Lanio exe ID Agilent Technologies E8663B US00000001 C 01 00 Frequency 2 5000000000000E 09 Power Level 5 00000000E 000 Press any key to continue Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 125 126 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples Queries for Lan Using Sockets lanio c and getopt c perform the following functions establishes TCP IP connection to port 5025 resultant file descriptor is used to talk to the instrument using regular socket I O mechanisms maps the desired hostname to an internal form error checks queries signal generator for ID sets frequency on signal generator to 2 5 GHz sets power on signal generator to 5 dBm gets option letter from argument vector and checks for end of file EOF The following programming examples are available on the signal generator Documentation C
37. For example for 200 waveform points the marker file contains 200 bytes Although a marker point is one byte the signal generator uses only bits 0 3 to configure the markers bits 4 7 are reserved and set to zero The following example shows a marker byte Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Structure Marker Byte Example of Setting a Marker Byte Sets markers 1 and 3 on for a waveform point 4 3 2 1 Marker Number Position 0000 1011 Reserved Binary 0000 0101 Hex 05 The following example shows a marker binary file all values in hex for a waveform with 200 points Notice the first marker point of shows all four markers on for only the first waveform point 00000000 00000010 00000020 00000030 00000040 00000050 00000060 00000070 00000080 00000090 000000a0 000000b0 000000c0 NOTE of 0l 0l 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo 00 00 0l 0l 0l 05 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo oo oo ol ol ol 05 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo 00 oo ol 0l 0l 05 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo 00 oo ol 0l 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 04 oo oo oo ol 0l 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 04 00 00 oo 0l 0l 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 00 00 oo oo ol 0l 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 00 oo 00 0l 0l 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo oo oo oo ll If you create your own marker file its name must be the same as th
38. Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples End With numPoints FileLen strFilename Get number of bytes in the file 800 bytes ReDim ig data 0 To numPoints 1 Dimension the iq data array to the size of the IQ DataVB file 800 bytes Open strFilename For Binary Access Read As FileHandle Open the file for binary read On Error GoTo file error For index 0 To numPoints 1 Write the IQ DataVB data to the iq data array Get FileHandle index 1 data index 1 is the record number iq data index data Next index Close FileHandle Close the file Write the command to the Header string NOTE syntax Header MEM DATA USER WAVEFORM 1Q_DataVB Now write the data to the signal generator s non volatile memory NV WF M SigGen WitelEEEBlock Header iq data SigGen WriteString OPC Wait for the operation to compl ete response SigGen ReadStri ng Signal generator reponse to the OPC query Call MsgBox Data downloaded to the signal generator vbOKOnly Downl oad Exit Sub Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 311 312 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples errorhandl er MsgBox Err Description vbExclamation Error Occurred Err Hel pFile Err Hel pContext Exit Sub file_error Call MsgBox Err Description vbOKOnly Disp
39. LAN Ping Responses Normal Response for UNIX A normal response to the ping command will be a total of 9 or 10 packets received with a minimal average round trip time The minimal average will be different from network to network LAN traffic will cause the round trip time to vary widely Normal Response for DOS or A normal response to the ping command will be a total of 9 or 10 packets received if 10 echo requests were specified Windows Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Error Messages If error messages appear then check the command syntax before continuing with troubleshooting If the syntax is correct resolve the error messages using your network documentation or by consulting your network administrator If an unknown host error message appears try using the IP address instead of the hostname Also verify that the host name and IP address for the signal generator have been registered by your IT administrator Check that the hostname and IP address are correctly entered in the node names database To do this enter the nslookup hostname command from the command prompt No Response If there is no response from a ping no packets were received Check that the typed address or hostname matches the IP address or hostname assigned to the signal generator in the System LAN Setup menu For more information refer to DHCP Auto IP LAN Configuration S
40. NOTE 370 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files If a saved instrument state contains a reference to a waveform file ensure that the waveform file resides in volatile memory before recalling the instrument state For more information see the User s Guide The recall function recalls a saved instrument state If there is a data file associated with the instrument state the file will be loaded along with the instrument state The following command recalls the instrument state saved in register 01 sequence 1 RCL 01 1 Save and Recall Programming Example Using VISA and C The following programming example uses VISA and C to save and recall signal generator instrument states Instruments states are saved to and recalled from your computer This console program prompts the user for an action Backup State Files Restore State Files or Quit The Backup State Files choice reads the signal generator s state files and stores it on your computer in the same directory where the State Files exe program is located The Restore State Files selection downloads instrument state files stored on your computer to the signal generator s State directory The Quit selection exists the program The figure below shows the console interface and the results obtained after selecting the Restore State Files operation The program uses VISA library functions Refer to the Keysight VISA User s Manual available o
41. Query STATus QUEStionable POWer EVENt Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Power Event Enable Register The Data Questionable Power Event Enable Register lets you choose which bits in the Data Questionable Power Event Register set the summary bit bit 3 of the Data Questionable Condition Register to 1 Command STATus QUEStionable POWer ENABle value where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable Example Enable bit 3 and bit 2 so that whenever either of those bits are set to 1 the Data Questionable Power summary bit of the Data Questionable Condition Register is set to 1 Send the command STAT QUES POW ENAB 12 8 4 Query STATus QUEStionable POWer ENABle Response Decimal value of the sum of the bits previously enabled with the STATus QUEStionable POWer ENABle lt value gt command Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 195 NOTE 196 Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Frequency Status Group Some of the bits in this status group do not apply to all models and return zero when queried See Table 4 6 on page 197 for more information The Data Questionable Frequency Status Group is used to determine the specific event that set bit 5 in the Data Questionable Condition Register This group consists of the
42. Triggers the sweep viPrintf vi INI T n Takes a single sweep printf n While the instrument is sweeping have the I program busy with printing to the display The Sleep function defined in the header file windows h will pause the program l operation for 5 seconds while sweepzzl pr C ya Sleep 500 printf n The following lines of code will stop the Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 115 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples events and close down the session viStatus viDisableEvent vi VI ALL ENABLED EVENTS VI ALL MECH viStatus viUninstallHandler vi VI EVENT SERVICE REQ interupt rdBuffer viStatus viClose vi viStatus viClose default RM return 0 The following function is called when an SRQ event occurs Code specific to your requirements would be entered in the body of the function ViStatus VI FUNCH interupt ViSession vi ViEventType eventType Vi Event event Vi Addr addr ViStatus status Vi Ul nt 16 stb status viReadSTB vi amp stb Reads the Status Byte Sweep 0 Sets the flag to stop the printing printf n Print user information printf An SRQ indicating end of sweep has occurred n viClose event Closes the event return VI SUCCESS 116 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Inte
43. Waveform Structure on page 216 For more information on waveform data see Understanding Waveform Data on page 208 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 207 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Understanding Waveform Data Understanding Waveform Data 208 The signal generator accepts binary data formatted into a binary Q file This section explains the necessary components of the binary data which uses ones and zeros to represent a value Bits and Bytes Binary data uses the base two number system The location of each bit within the data represents a value that uses base two raised to a power 2 1 The exponent is n 1 because the first position is zero The first bit position zero is located at the far right To find the decimal value of the binary data sum the value of each location 1101 1 x 2 1 x 22 0 x 2 1 x 29 1 x 8 1 x 4 0 x 2 1 x1 13 decimal value Notice that the exponent identifies the bit position within the data and we read the data from right to left The signal generator accepts data in the form of bytes Bytes are groups of eight bits 01101110 0 x 27 1 x28 1 x 2 0 x 24 H1 x 23 1 x 22 1 x 22 0 x 2 110 decimal value The maximum value for a single unsigned byte is 255 11111111 or 28 1 but you can use multiple bytes to represent larger values The following shows two bytes and the resulting integer val
44. and website For additional information on memory catalog access file storing and FTP refer to the User s Guide and Waveform Memory on page 222 and for FTP see Using FTP on page 44 and FTP Procedures on page 234 The Web Server service is compatible with the Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 0 and newer web browser and operating systems Windows 2000 Windows XP and newer For more information on using the Web Server refer to Enabling the Signal Generator Web Server on page 15 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation Using the Web Browser Figure 1 2 The Signal Generator Web Service Agilent Technologies Welcome to your Web Enabled MXG Welcome to your Web Enabled MXG OR DU ELAS TER 771 222 272220 224228221 228 279 402 AR 32 506 EBALI UNICUM abast this Wez Erabiez MIS The Keysight N51xxA MXG supports LXI Class B functionality The Keysight N51xxB EXG MXG supports LXI Class C functionality For more information on the LXI standards refer to http www lxistandard org home Option ALB on the MXG enables LAN LXI class B compliance This option is included standard on all new MXG s shipped since June 2009 MXG s shipped before June 2009 can be upgraded by ordering option N51xxAK ALB Contact Keysight for more details To operate the signal generator click the keys rrea 6 000 000 000 00 GHz NOTE If you do not
45. bit 3 of the Data Questionable Condition Register to 1 Command STATus QUEStionable BERT ENABle value where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable Example Enable bit 2 and bit 1 so that whenever either of those bits are set to 1 the Data Questionable BERT summary bit of the Data Questionable Condition Register is set to 1 Send the command STAT QUES BERT ENAB 6 4 2 Query STATus QUEStionable BERT ENABle Response Decimal value of the sum of the bits previously enabled with the STATus QUEStionable BERT ENABle value command Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 5 NOTE Keysight Technologies X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files The ability to play externally created waveform data in the signal generator is available only in vector signal generator models with an installed internal baseband generator option refer to the Data Sheet for more information This chapter explains how to create Arb based waveform data and download it into the signal generator KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES Overview of Downloading and Extracting Waveform Files on page 206 Understanding Waveform Data on page 208 Waveform Structure on page 216 Waveform Phase Continuity on page 219 Waveform Memory on page 222 Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data on page 228 Creat
46. error checking Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 273 274 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples binary file importing from the PC or workstation binary file download to the signal generator s non volatile memory To load the waveform data to volatile WFM1 memory change the instDestfile declaration to USER BBG1 WAVEFORM SEX RRR RRR o oO E E GG GO E EG EG EGO E EG EGO E EGG E E E EG EGO EGO E E GG EGG IG EG EGG RAK EK X PROGRAM NAME Download Visa c cpp H PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Sample test program to download ARB waveform data Send a file in chunks of ascii data to the signal generator NI NOTE You must have the Keysight 10 Libraries installed to run this program This example uses the LAN TCPIP to download a file to the signal generator s non volatile memory The programallocates a memory buffer on the PC or workstation of 102400 bytes 100 1024 bytes The actual size of the buffer is limited by the memory on your PC or workstation so the buffer Size can be increased or decreased to meet your system limitations I While this program uses the LAN TCPIP to download a waveformfile into non volatile memory it can be modified to store files in volatile memory WFM1 using GPIB by setting the instrOpenString TOPLPOST Xxx XXX XXX Xx T NSTR I declaration with GPIB 19 I NSTR
47. file with the header included Call loadVsaEqFilter example 3 in Matlab to read the file and calculate a correction filter Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples 6 Call writeM xgFir example 4 in Matlab to write out the equalization filter over LAN via SCPI to the MXG Takes a user created filter in Matlab either an equalization filter or a modulation filter and writes it to a FIR file in the MXG This section contains the following examples 1 Example 1 Reading Out the Channel Response and Calculating Corrections for an Equalization Filter Using Matlab 2 Example 2 Reading a PXA Trace and Setting up the Equalization Filter Using Matlab 3 Example 3 Reading a VSA Trace and Setting up the Equalization Filter Using Matlab 4 Example 4 Downloading a FIR filter in Matlab to the MXG Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 157 NOTE 158 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples Example 1 Reading Out the Channel Response and Calculating Corrections for an Equalization Filter Using Matlab This example is written for N51xxA MXG signal generators For N51xxB EXG MXG signal generators replace the 125MHz value with 200MHz This example reads out the channel response from a PSA and calculates a correction equalization filter that can be loaded into the MXG The following p
48. if isfield header sampleRate hdr sampleRate header sampl eRate end if isfield header rms hdr rms header rms end if isfield header peak hdr peak header peak end if isfield header runti meScaling hdr runti meScaling header runti meScali ng end if isfield header pulse hdr pulse header pulse Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 301 302 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples end if isfield header alcHold hdr alcHold header alcHold end if isfield header description hdr description header description end end end hdrCmd RADI o ARB HEAD WRIT WFM1 file name hdr description numdstr hdr sampleRate num2str hdr runtimeScaling NONE hdr alcHold UNSP hdr pulse UNSP UNSP UNSP num2str hdr peak numsstr hdr rms end function wfmCmd CreateWaveformCommand file name points MMEM DATA file name gt ABC file name gt the I Q file name and file path within the signal generator indicates the start of the data block A the number of decimal digits present in B B a decimal number specifying the number of data bytes to follow inc B numdstr 4 points Bytes in waveform A numstr length B wfmCmd MEM DATA UNPR WFM1 file name A B end function mkrCmd CreateMarkerCommand file name points B numstr points Byt
49. include lt stdlib h gt include lt conio h gt void main ViSession defaultRM vi Declares variables of type Vi Session I for instrument communication ViStatus viStatus 0 Declares a variable of type ViStatus for GPIB verifications Initialize VISA session vi Status vi OpenDef aul t RM amp def aul t RM open session to gpib device at address 19 viStatus viOpen defaultRM GPIB 19 INSTR VI NULL VI NULL amp vi if viStatus If problems then prompt user printf Could not open ViSession n printf Check instruments and connections n printf n exit 0 printf Example program to set up the signal generator n printf for an AC coupled FM signal n printf Press any key to continue n printf n getch printf n viPrintf vi RST n Resets the signa generator viPrintf vi FM SOUR EXT2 n Sets EXT 2 source for FM 94 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples viPrintf vi FM EXT2 COUP AC n l Sets FM path 2 coupling to AC viPrintf vi FM DEV 20 kHz n l Sets FM path 2 deviation to 20 kHz viPrintf vi FREQ 700 MHz n l Sets carrier frequency to 100 MHz viPrintf vi POW AMPL 2 5 dBm n Sets the power level to 2 5 dBm viPrintf vi FM STAT ON n Turns on frequency modulation viPrintf vi OUTP S
50. pin Rear panel connector 62 MSB 209 MSB and LSB 332 MS DOS Command Prompt 34 multiple of 8 bits requirement user file data 389 multiple timeslots integer number of timeslots 389 mxg LXI class B 3 12 See Keysight mxg MXG ATE web enabled accessing 13 n5161a 62a 81a 82a 83a Pulse RF Blank configuring 322 National Instruments NI 488 2 28 70 VISA 10 11 28 61 70 negative transition filter description 184 NI libraries SICL GPIB I O libraries selecting 10 NI 488 2 EnableRemote 71 functions 10 GPIB I O libraries selecting 10 iblcr 73 ibloc 72 73 ibrd 74 ibstop 70 ibwrt 73 LAN I O libraries selecting 10 11 queries using C 84 SetRWLS 72 USB 1 0 libraries selecting 61 VISA 10 non volatile memory available SCPI query 330 external media Keysight mxg 325 internal media Keysight mxg 325 internal storage Keysight mxg 325 USB media 62 USB media Keysight mxg 325 waveform 222 397 0 OPC commands 180 output command 73 output function 73 P PC 305 PCI GPIB 28 70 PERL example 155 166 phase discontinuity avoiding 219 samples 220 waveform 219 phase distortion 219 ping program 34 playing waveforms 250 polling method status registers 178 ports 122 positive transition filter description 184 PRAM as data sources 358 bit positions 351 byte patterns 351 data extracting SCPI command syntax 361 downloads problems 390 e4438c data downloads 350 e8267d data downloads 350 file size 353 mi
51. user marker file extenders 6 Atthe tp prompt type bye 7 At the command prompt type exit Using the Signal Generator s Internal Web Server l Enter the signal generator s hostname or IP address in the URL http host name or IP address gt 2 Click the Signal Generator FTP Access button located on the left side of the window Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data The signal generator files appear in the web browser s window 3 Drag and drop files between the PC and the browser s window For more information on the web server feature see Chapter 1 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 237 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Creating Waveform Data Creating Waveform Data 238 This section examines the C code algorithm for creating I Q waveform data by breaking the programming example into functional parts and explaining the code in generic terms This is done to help you understand the code algorithm in creating the and Q data so you can leverage the concept into your programming environment The SCPI Command Reference contains information on how to use SCPI commands to define the markers polarity routing and other marker settings If you do not need this level of detail you can find the complete programming examples in Programmin
52. with the bit file using only 557 bits 1 Determine the AUTOGEN_PRAM_1 file size The signal generator creates a 32 bit word for each user file bit 1 bit equals 4 bytes Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 337 338 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Binary file 4 bytes x 70 bytes x 8 bits 2240 bytes Bit file 4 bytes x 557 bits 2228 bytes 2 Calculate the number of memory blocks that the AUTOGEN_PRAM_11 file will occupy Volatile memory allocates memory in blocks of 1024 bytes Binary file 2240 1024 2 188 blocks Bit file 2228 1024 2 176 blocks 3 Round the memory block value to the next highest integer value For this example the AUTOGEN PRAM 1 file will use three blocks of memory for a total of 3072 bytes 4 Determine the number of memory blocks that the copy of the original file occupies in volatile memory For this example the bit and binary file sizes are shown in the following list Binary file 70 bytes 1024 bytes 1 memory block Bit file 80 bytes 1024 bytes 1 memory block Remember that a bit file includes a 10 byte file header 5 Calculate the total volatile memory occupied by the user file data AUTOGEN PRAM Original File 1 3 blocks 1 block 1024 3 1 2 4096 bytes Downloading User Files The signal generator expects bit and binary file type data to be downloaded as block
53. 199 to 100 indicate that the instrument s parser detected an IEEE 488 2 syntax error Errors in this class set the command error bit bit 5 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 In this case Either an IEEE 488 2 syntax error has been detected by the parser a control to device message was received that is in violation of the IEEE 488 2 standard Possible violations include a data element that violates device listening formats or whose type is unacceptable to the device or an unrecognized header was received These include incorrect device specific headers and incorrect or unimplemented IEEE 488 2 common commands Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Keysight Technologies X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 2 Using IO Interfaces Using the programming examples with GPIB LAN and USB interfaces Using GPIB on page 24 Using LAN on page 30 Using USB on page 60 KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES 23 Using GPIB Using IO Interfaces Using GPIB GPIB enables instruments to be connected together and controlled by a computer GPIB and its associated interface operations are defined in the ANSI IEEE Standard 488 1 1987 and ANSI IEEE Standard 488 2 1992 See the IEEE website http www ieee org for details on these standards The following sections contain information for installing a GPIB interface card or NI GPIB interface card for your PC or UNIX ba
54. 296 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples waveform rms voltage and the marker routings to the pulse modulator and the ALC hold Default values used by the header if values are not present header sampleRate 100e6 Waveform Sample Rate header rms CalculateWaveformRMS iqWave Waveform RMS voltage header peak 1 414 Waveform Peak voltage header runti meScaling 70 Runtime scaling in percent header pulse None Marker routing Non MI M2 M3 MP header alcHold None Marker routing Non M1 M2 M3 MP header description Keysight Technologies User provided description INPUT PARAMETERS tcpipAddress 141 121 148 188 What ever works for your signa Generator name Waveform name 21 characters max iqWave Complex waveform min length 60 points markers markers 4 length iqWave 4 possible markers header Structure containing waveform information OUTPUT PARAMETERS EXAMPLES name My Test Waveform name tcpipAddress 141 121 151 129 Signal Generator IP Address jn 1000 Points in waveform phase 102 pi n 0 n 1 iqWave complex cos phase sin phase Create single tone markers zeros 4 n Create markers markers 1 1 2 1 markers 2 1 4 1 markers 3 1 8 1 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creatin
55. 3072 bytes of memory for a file with 2500 bytes 3 x 1024 bytes 3072 bytes of memory As shown in the examples files can cause the signal generator to allocate more memory than what is actually used which decreases the amount of available memory User data blocks consist of 1024 bytes of memory Each user data file has a file header that uses 512 bytes for the Keysight X Series and MXG or 256 bytes for the ESG PSG in the first data block for each user data file Non Volatile Memory Non volatile files are stored on the non volatile internal signal generator memory i e internal storage or to the USB media if available The Keysight X Series and MXG non volatile internal memory is allocated according to a Microsoft compatible file allocation table FAT file system The signal generator allocates non volatile memory in clusters according to the drive size see Table 6 3 For example referring to Table 6 3 if the drive size is 15 MB and if the file is less than or equal to 4k bytes the file uses only one 4 KB cluster of memory For files larger than 4 KB and with a drive size of 15 MB the signal generator allocates additional memory in multiples of 4KB clusters For example a file that has 21 538 bytes consumes 6 memory clusters 24 000 bytes On the Keysight X Series and MXG the non volatile memory is also referred to as internal storage and USB media The Internal and USB media files USERS NONVOLATILE Directory contain
56. 327 Keysight psg 327 securewave directory 228 memory volatile WFM 1 228 signal generator 325 types signal generators 325 waveform 222 volatile memory available SCPI query 330 VXI 11 117 configuration 38 programming 117 programming interface examples 117 SICL using 118 using 38 VISA using 120 w waveform data 2 s complement data format 214 bits and bytes 208 byte order 210 byte swapping 210 commands for downloading and extracting 228 236 338 348 creating 238 DAC input values 211 data requirements 207 encrypted data 225 encryption 228 233 explained 208 extracting 228 231 232 l and Q interleaving 214 LSB and MSB 209 saving to a text file for review 240 waveform download utilities differences 254 waveform downloads advanced programming languages using 246 download utilities using 254 HP BASIC using 312 318 memory 222 allocation 224 327 size 226 328 volatile and non volatile 222 samples 218 simulation software using 244 Index structure 218 using advanced programming languages 246 with Visual Basic 6 0 308 waveform files creating 205 downloading 205 waveform generation C258 MATLAB using 288 Visual Basic 6 0 using 305 waveforms loading 250 playing 250 sequences building 252 verifying 250 viewing PRAM 352 web server communicating with 12 internal 347 Keysight mxg 15 Windows 2000 41 2000 Professional 6 984 ME4 NT 4 8 Vista Business 6 XP 6 41 WritelEEEBlock 30
57. 33 csc exe 369 custom modulation data FIR filter 366 real time high data rates 348 user file data memory usage 337 393 D DAC input values 211 data binary framed 336 binary unframed 335 encryption 228 format e443xb signal generator 256 requirements waveform 207 data questionable See also data questionable registers filters BERT transition 203 calibration transition 200 frequency transition 197 power transition 194 transition 192 groups BERT status 202 calibration status 199 frequency status 196 power status 193 status 190 status register reading using VISA and C 106 data questionable registers BERT event 204 BERT event enable 204 BERT condition 203 calibration condition 200 calibration event 200 calibration event enable 201 condition 190 event 192 event enable 192 frequency condition 197 frequency event 197 frequency event enable 198 power condition 194 power event 194 power event enable 195 data rates high custom real time 348 data requirements FIR filter downloads 364 data types binary 324 bit 324 defined 324 FIR filter states 324 PRAM 324 user flatness correction 324 decryption 228 developing programs 64 device add 9 DHCP 12 33 directory root 326 DNS 34 download binary file data 335 bit file data 332 user file data FTP procedures 346 unencrypted files for extraction 362 unencrypted files for no extraction 362 user flatness 369 utilities IntuiLink for signal generators 206 Keysig
58. 363 Creating and Downloading User Data Files FIR Filter Coefficient Downloads FIR Filter Coefficient Downloads NOTE NOTE 364 If you encounter problems with this section refer to Data Transfer Troubleshooting on page 388 The signal generator accepts finite impulse response FIR filter coefficient downloads After downloading the coefficients these user defined FIR filter coefficient values can be selected as the filtering mechanism for the active digital communications standard Data Requirements There are two requirements for user defined FIR filter coefficient files 1 Data must be in ASCII format The signal generator processes FIR filter coefficients as floating point numbers 2 Data must be in List format FIR filter coefficient data is processed as a list by the signal generator s firmware See Sample Command Line Data Limitations Modulation filters are real and have an oversample ratio OSR of two or greater On the N5172B and N5182B with Options 653 655 or 656 657 respectively equalization filters are typically complex and must have an OSR of one refer to Using the Equalization Filter on page 368 and to the User s Guide The X Series and MXG support both Real and Complex filters Complex filters can only be used with equalization filters Refer to Table and to Table For more on equalization filters refer to Using the Equalization Filter on page 368 Type of Filter Descri
59. A connector to connect to a computer The following sections contain information on selecting and connecting I O libraries and the USB interface that are required to remotely program the signal generator through the computer and combining those choices with one of several possible USB interface protocols Selecting I O Libraries for USB on page 61 Setting Up the USB Interface on page 61 Verifying USB Functionality on page 62 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using USB Selecting I O Libraries for USB CAUTION The Keysight X Series USB interface requires Keysight IO Libraries Suite 14 1 or newer to run properly For more information on connecting instruments to the USB refer to the Keysight Connection Expert in the Keysight IO Libraries Help The 1 0 libraries can be downloaded from the National Instrument website http www ni com or Keysight s website http www keysight com The following is a discussion on these libraries NOTE I O applications such as IVI COM or VXIplug amp play can be used in place of VISA VISA VISA is an I O library used to develop I O applications and instrument drivers that comply with industry standards It is recommended that the VISA library be used for programming the signal generator The NI VISA and Keysight VISA libraries are similar implementations of VISA and have the same commands syntax and functions The diffe
60. BIN file name file name BIN user BIN file name Command Syntax Example The following command downloads a file that contains 34 bytes MEM DATA BIN new file 2347 S 4 amp 07 8g Y9 7 Ru y3 gt 1 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 343 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads After execution of this command the signal generator creates a file in the Binary Bin directory memory catalog named new_file that contains 34 bytes For information on downloading block data see Downloading User Files on page 338 344 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Selecting a Downloaded User File as the Data Source This section describes how to format SCPI commands for selecting a user file using commands from the Custom modulation formats While the commands shown come from only two formats the concept remains the same when making the data selection for any of the other real time modulation formats that accept user data To find the data selection commands for both framed and unframed data for the different modulation formats see the signal generator s SCPI Command Reference 1 Select the user file Unframed Data RADio CUSTom DATA BIT file name RADio CUSTom DATA BIN file name 2 Configure the r
61. Bit Decimal Values x 0 Tt r4 Decimal 5 8 S ALR Spey IS i Value E n Bit Number 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit 15 is not used and is always set to zero Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Accessing Status Register Information Accessing Status Register Information 1 Determine which register contains the bit that reports the condition Refer to Figure 4 1 on page 174 and Figure 4 2 on page 175 for register location and names 2 Send the unique SCPI query that reads that register 3 Examine the bit to see if the condition has changed Determining What to Monitor You can monitor the following conditions current signal generator hardware and firmware status whether a particular condition bit has occurred Monitoring Current Signal Generator Hard ware and Firmware Status To monitor the signal generator s operating status you can query the condition registers These registers represent the current state of the signal generator and are updated in real time When the condition monitored by a particular bit becomes true the bit sets to 1 When the condition becomes false the bit resets to 0 Monitoring Whether a Condition Bit has Changed The transition registers determine which bit transition condition change should be recorded as an event The transitio
62. Clear uint sess dit int Close uint sess dil int FindNext uint f dil EntryPoi nt z v int Fi ndRsrc out uint findList out uint retCnt byte desc EntryPoi nt z v EntryPoi nt z vi EntryPoi nt z vi EntryPoi nt z vi Cl ear on Close on FindNext indList bytel i Fi ndRsrc iGetAttribute public static extern int GetAttribute uint vi VisaAttribute attri but e DIII mport agvisa32 dll out uint attrState EntryPoi nt z v public static extern int Open uint session string rsrcName V uint ti meout out ui nt vi isaAccessMode accessMode Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide i Open 381 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files DI pub D pub D public stat attribute D pub byte desc D pub 382 mport agvisa32 dll EntryPoi ntz vi OpenDef aul t RM ic static extern int OpenDefaul tRM out uint session Import agvisa32 dll EntryPoi ntz vi Read Read ic static extern int uint session byte buf uint count out uint retCount I mport agvisa32 dll c extern int SetAttribute uint vi uint attrState EntryPoi ntz viSetAttribute VisaAttribute Import agvisa32 dll EntryPoi ntz vi StatusDesc ic static extern int StatusDesc uint vi int status Import agvisa32 dll EntryPoint vi
63. Data Questionable Frequency Condition Register the Data Questionable Frequency Transition Filters negative and positive the Data Questionable Frequency Event Register and the Data Questionable Frequency Event Enable Register NOTE Some signal Synthesizer Unlocked generator 10 MHz Reference Unlocked models may ili use only a Unused subset of hire the status Unused registers simia shown Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Always Zero 0 Data QUEStionable FREQuency 15 14 13 12 11 1009 87 654 32 1 O0 Condition Register Data QUEStionabe Y y Y y Y Y VY Y Yi COE uen cy 15 14 13 12 44 100987 6584 32 1 0 P oen be CVV X X X X X X X X Y 3 Y Y Y 3 FrEQuency 15 14 13 12 4 009876543 21 0 Transition Fiter y y y VV Y Y Y Y Y Data QUEStionable FREQuency 15 14 13 12 131 00 087 654 3 2 1 0 Event Register 541 OFS E a we OS EEEMSOA EZ OM ow mo Date QUES VislilibHd Ht Event 15 14 13 12 41100987 65 4 3 2 1 O Enable Register To Data Questionable Status Register Bit 5 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Frequency Condition Register The Data Questionable Frequency Condition Register continuously monitors the hardware and firmware status of the signal generator Condition registers are read only Table 4 6 Data Questionable Frequ
64. Downloading User Data Files NOTE The following sections and procedures contain remote SCPI commands For front panel key commands refer to the Key Help in the signal generator This chapter explains the requirements and processes for creating and downloading user data and contains the following sections User File Data Bit Binary Downloads on page 331 Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads on page 350 FIR Filter Coefficient Downloads on page 364 Using the Equalization Filter on page 368 Save and Recall Instrument State Files on page 369 User Flatness Correction Downloads Using C and VISA on page 383 Data Transfer Troubleshooting on page 388 KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES 323 Overview 324 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Overview User data is a generic term for various data types created by the user and stored in the signal generator This includes the following data file types Bit Binary PRAM FIR Filter State User Flatness Correction This file type lets the user download payload data for use in streaming or framed signals It lets the user determine how many bits in the file the signal generator uses This file type provides payload data for use in streaming or framed signals It differs from the bit file type in that you cannot specify a set number of bits Instead the signal generator uses all bits in the file for streaming data and all bits that fill a frame for
65. Downloading Waveform Files Loading Playing and Verifying a Downloaded Waveform If you would like to verify the waveform sequence refer to Verifying the Waveform on page 252 1 List the waveform files from the volatile memory waveform list Send the following SCPI command MMEMory CATalog WFM1 Select the waveform segment file s from the volatile memory waveform list Send the following SCPI command SOURCe RADio ARB WAVeform WFM1 lt file name gt Save the waveform segment s waveforml lt waveform2 gt to non volatile memory as a waveform sequence lt file name gt define the number of repetitions reps each waveform segment plays and enable disable markers M1 v2 M3 M4 for each waveform segment Send the following SCPI command SOURCe RADio ARB SEQuence lt file name gt lt waveform1 gt lt reps gt M1 M2 M3 M4 lt waveform 2 gt lt reps gt ALL SOURCe RADio ARB SEQuence lt file name gt M1 M2 M3 M4 represent the number parameter of the marker selected i e 1 2 3 4 Entering M1 M2 M3 M4 causes the signal generator to display an error For more information on this SCPI command refer to the signal generator s SCPI Command Reference 4 Play the waveform sequence Send the following SCPI commands SOURCe RADio ARB STATe ON OUTPut MODulation STATe ON OUTPut STATe ON Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generato
66. For example the Standard Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Overview Operation Status Group s Condition Register can be referred to as the Standard Operation Status register Refer to Status Groups on page 184 for more information Figure 4 1 and Figure 4 2 show the EXG M XG s signal generator status byte register system and hierarchy The status register systems use IEEE 488 2 commands those beginning with to access the higher level summary registers refer to the SCPI Command Reference Access Lower level registers by using STATus commands Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 173 Programming the Status Register System Overview Overall Status Byte Register Systems Overall Status Byte Register System 1 of 2 on page 174 Overall Status Byte Register System 2 of 2 on page 175 Figure 4 1 Overall Status Byte Register System 1 of 2 Data Questionable Power Status Group R PP Tripped Unleveled IQ Mod Overdrive Unused ALC Heater Detector Cold To Data Questionable Status Group 3 Eis iu wj a c c s c gjg Lat pad t1 To Data Questionable Status Group 5 To Data Questionable Status Group 8 Unused To Data Questionable Status Group 12 Synth Unlocked 10 MHz Ref Uniocked Freq Clipped Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unuse
67. II if you are using a big endian computer for index 0 index numsamples index int ivalue idata index int qvalue qdata index ibuffer index 2 ivalue gt gt 8 amp OxFF high byte of ibuffer index 241 ivalue amp OxFF l low byte of qbuffer index 2 qvalue gt gt 8 amp OxFF high byte of q qbuffer index 241 qvalue amp OxFF low byte of q l igbuffer will hold the data in the E4438C E8267C E8267D format In this format the and Q data is interleaved The data is in the range 32768 to 32767 H 32768 gives negative full scale output I 0 gives 0 V output Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 283 284 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples I 32767 gives positive full scale output From these ranges it appears you should offset the data by 8192 and scale it by 4 However due to the interpolators in these products it is better to scale the data by a number less than four Commonly a good l choice is 70 of 4 which is 2 8 By default the signal generator scales data to 70 If you scale the data here you may want to change the signal generator scaling to 100 Also we need to swap the byte order on a little endian computer This code also works for big endian order data l since it swaps bytes based on the order for index 0 index numsamples index int iscaled 2 8 idata inde
68. IO Libraries Suite 14 0 for users who use Windows 98 and Windows ME These older systems are no longer supported in Keysight IO Libraries Suite version 14 1 and higher Once the libraries are loaded you can use the Keysight Connection Expert Interactive IO or VISA Assistant to configure and communicate with the signal generator over different IO interfaces Follow instructions in the setup wizard to install the libraries Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation 10 Libraries and Programming Languages NOTE Before setting the LAN interface the signal generator must be configured for VXI 11 SCPI Refer to Configuring the VXI 11 Service on page 31 Refer to the Keysight IO Libraries Suite Help documentation for details about this software Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Getting Started with Remote Operation IO Libraries and Programming Languages Windows XP 2000 Professional and Vista Business Keysight IO Libraries 15 0 and Newer Windows NT is not supported on Keysight IO Libraries 14 0 and newer For additional information on older versions of Keysight IO libraries refer to the Keysight Connection Expert in the Keysight IO Libraries Help The Keysight IO libraries are included with your signal generator or Keysight GPIB interface board or they can be downloaded from the Keysight website http www keysight com
69. N The program also includes some error checking to alert you when problems arise while trying to download files This includes checking to see if the file exists FEX XX RRR IG E GO E EG EG EGO E EG EGG RRR RRR E E RAR EGO E E GG EGG IG GIG RAK KKK IMPORTANT Replace the Xxx XXX XXX XXX IP address in the instOpenString declaration Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples l in the code below with the IP address of your signal generator or you can use the instrument s hostname Replace the localSrcFile and instDestFile directory paths as needed i FERRE LAE ESA ELA EES EAL EEE AS ORE EE ROT ROG E OR ORG E EROR EO RO A FOE Mo Foo e edo ot include lt stdlib h gt include lt stdio h gt include lt string h gt include visa h Hi I MPORTANT Configure the following three lines correctly before compiling and running char instOpenString z TCPI PO XXX XXX XXX XXX L NSTR your instrument s IP address const char localSrcFile Files IQ DataC const char instDestFile USER WAVEFORM IQ DataC const int BUFFER SIZE 100 1024 Size of the copy buffer int main int argc char argv ViSession defaultRM vi ViStatus status 0 status vi OpenDefaultRM amp defaultRM Open the default resource manager TO DO Error handling here Keysight EXG
70. NOTE If you encounter problems with this section refer to Data Transfer Troubleshooting on page 388 To verify the SCPI parser s responsiveness when remotely using the MEM DATA SCPI command to upload files the file s upload should be verified using the STB command Refer to the SCPI Command Reference The signal generator accepts externally created and downloaded user file data for real time modulation formats that have user file as a data selection shown as file name in the data selection SCPI command When you select a user file the signal generator incorporates the user file data payload data into the modulation format s data fields You can create the data using programs such as MATLAB or Mathcad The signal generator uses two file types for downloaded user file data bit and binary With a bit file the signal generator views the data up to the number of bits specified when the file was downloaded For example if you specify to use 153 bits from a 160 bit 20 bytes file the signal generator transmits 153 bits and ignores the remaining 7 bits This provides a flexible means in which to control the number of transmitted data bits It is the preferred file type and the easiest one to use With a binary file the signal generator sees all bytes bits in a downloaded file and attempts to use them This can present challenges especially when working with framed data In this situation your file needs to contain enough bi
71. Programming Guide 291 292 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Open the file and load the internal format data FID mess if FID age fopen filename r Open file to read data 1l error Cannot Open File end internal Wave n fread FID uinti16 9 read the IQ file fclose FI D 95 close the file internal Wave internal Wave Conver from column array to row array f on a PC swap the bytes back to Little Endian if strcmp computer PCWIN Put the bytes into the correct order internal Wave bitor bits DE end convert hift internalWave 8 bitshift bitand internal Wave 255 8 unsigned to signed representation internal Wave double internal Wave tmp int iqWave De Inter waveln Qwaveln ernal Wave gt 32767 0 65536 internal Wave tmp 32767 and normalize the data eave the IQ data iqWave 1 2 n iqWave 2 2 n Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Creating and Downloading a Pulse For the Keysight X Series and MXG the maximum frequency is 6 GHz and the pulsepat m program s SOURce FREQuency 20000000000 value must be changed as required in the following programs For more frequency information refer to the signal generator s Data Sheet On the documentation CD this programming example s name is
72. Q Data Big and Little Endian Order On the documentation CD this programming example s name is CreateDwnLd_Data_c txt This C programming example compiled using Microsoft Visual C 6 0 performs the following functions error checking data creation data scaling text file creation for viewing and debugging data byte swapping and interleaving for little endian order data interleaving for big endian order data data saving to an array data block data block download to the signal generator This C program is an example of creating and scaling and Q data and then downloading the data into the II signal generator as an interleaved I Q file This example uses a sine and cosine wave as the 1 Q data include the standard headers for SICL programmi ng include sicl h include lt stdlib h gt include lt string h gt include lt stdio h gt include math h gt Choose a GPIB LAN or RS 232 connection char instOpenString lan galqaDhcpl lIchar instOpenString gpib0 19 Pick some maximum number of samples based on the amount of memory in your computer and the signal generator const int NUMSAMPLES 500 int main int argc char argv Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Create a text file to view the wavefor
73. Register lets you choose which bits in the Standard Event Status Register set the summary bit bit 5 of the Status Byte Register to 1 ESE data data is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable Example To enable bit 7 and bit 6 so that whenever either of those bits are set to 1 the Standard Event Status summary bit of the Status Byte Register is set to 1 Send the command ESE 192 128 64 Query ESE Response Decimal value of the sum of the bits previously enabled with the ESE lt data gt command Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Standard Operation Status Group NOTE Some of the bits in this status group do not apply to all models and return zero when queried See Table 4 3 on page 188 for more information The SCPI command STAT OPER SUPP can suppress the managing of this status group and save 50 us from the switching time Refer to the SCPI Command Reference The Operation Status Group is used to determine the specific event that set bit 7 in the Status Byte Register This group consists of the Standard Operation Condition Register the Standard Operation Transition Filters negative and positive the Standard Operation Event Register and the Standard Operation Event Enable Register NOTE Some signal VQ CALibrating generator models Settling may use only a Unused subset of the SWEeping stat
74. SICL C C Visual ISA EISA 750 Built in 82341D 95 Basic Keysight 16 bit Plug amp Play for VEE HP Basic for PC Windows 24 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using GPIB Interface Operating IO Library Languages Backplane Max IO Buffering Type System BUS KB sec USB GPIB Interface Converter for PC Based Systems Keysight Windows VISA SICL C C Visual PCI 32 bit 750 Built in 82350AforPCI 95 98 NT Basic Keysight bus computers 2000 VEE HP Basic for Windows Keysight Windows VISA SICL C C Visual PCI 32 bit 2900 Built in 82350BforPCI 98 SE ME 200 Basic Keysight bus computers 0 XP VEE HP Basic for Windows NI GPIB Interface Card for PC Based Systems Nationa Windows VISA C C PCI 32 bit 1 5 MBps Built in Instruments 95 98 2000 NI 488 2 Visual BASIC PCI GPIB ME NT LabView Nationa Windows VISA C C PCI 32 bit 1 5 MBps Built in Instruments NT NI 488 2 Visual BASIC PCI GPIB LabView GPIB Interface Card for HP UX Workstations Keysight HP UX 9 x VISA SICL ANSI C EISA 750 Built in E2071C HP UX 10 01 Keysight VEE HP BASIC HP UX Keysight HP UX 10 20 VISA SICL ANSI C EISA 750 Built in E2071D Keysight VEE HP BASIC HP UX Keysight HP UX 10 20 VISA SICL ANSI C PCI 750 Built in E2078A Keysight VEE HP BASIC HP UX a NI 488 2 is a trademark of Nation
75. Saving and Recalling States Using VISA and C on page 103 Reading the Data Questionable Status Register Using VISA and C on page 106 Reading the Service Request Interrupt SRQ Using VISA and C on page 112 Before Using the GPIB Examples HP Basic addresses the signal generator at 719 The GPIB card is addressed at 7 and the signal generator at 19 The GPIB address designator for other libraries is typically GPIBO or GPIB1 GPIB Function Statements Command Messages Function statements are the basis for GPIB programming and instrument control These function statements combined with SCPI provide management and data communication for the GPIB interface and the signal generator This section describes functions used by different IO libraries For more information refer to the NI 488 2 Function Reference Manual for Windows Keysight Standard Instrument Control Library reference manual and Microsoft Visual C 6 0 documentation Abort Function The HP Basic function ABORT and the other listed IO library functions terminate listener talker activity on the GPIB and prepare the signal generator to receive a new command from the computer Typically this is an initialization command used to place the GPIB in a known starting condition Library Function Statement Initial ization Command HP Basic The ABORT function stops all GPIB activity 10 ABORT 7 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Pro
76. Selecting a Downloaded PRAM File as the Data Source 1 ees 6 358 Modulating and Activating the Carrier 0 ketene he 6 360 Storing a PRAM File to Non Volatile Memory and Restoring to Volatile Memory 0005 6 360 Contents Extracting a PRAM File ereti cei numerant Ore EX Poo Or eae 6 360 Modifying PRAM Files sce od cence tn San e peret AA a ep ee d eto fee edP ener the A E te al 6 362 FIR Filter Coefficient Downloads rete there ente a E SEa diat mr e P Li AC tei d 6 364 DataRequiremente ss aote UE ure iu lle Rice Mla e eh eedem UP VEN e satel gto 6 364 Data Limitations us Bando od Seir ele tul oo ORDRE Ra e ioo S Vor bs me ele ete deinen ALS Le s 6 364 Downloading FIR Filter CoefficientData i iei aiaa aandaa a be NEG PERDE Pian 6 365 Selecting a Downloaded User FIR Filter as the Active Filter 0 eke 6 366 Using the Equalization Filter 12 2 2 err RE ERE ea eine Oe a eed ee Bad wee 6 368 Save and Recall Instrument State Files sisse mn 6 369 Save and Recall SCPI Commands sssssusssssssssess hs 6 369 Save and Recall Programming Example Using VISA and C 0 0 cece eee eee 6 370 User Flatness Correction Downloads Using Cand VISA 0 0 tee nnn 6 383 Data Transfer Troubleshooting ss mem RA REY RRVEIsAXXRVENEEe RE eee eee eet ees 6 388 User File Download Problems n e team ADAE oe hai ee e Red 6 388 PRAM Download Problems sisssssssssesse s ree 6 390 User FIR Filt
77. Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 11 Getting Started with Remote Operation Using the Web Browser Using the Web Browser NOTE 12 The following example for accessing the Web Enabled X Series web page uses the newly shipped instrument s predetermined default hostname a lt instrument model number last 5 digits of the instrument serial number gt The procedure that follows assumes the signal generator is running firmware A 01 20 or later MXG Web Enabled SCPI command capability is not available for versions of Internet Explorer 27 0 The SCPI Telnet softkey is inactive for these versions To use the Telnet SCPI refer to the figure on page 13 For more information on LAN Connectivity refer to the Keysight Connectivity Guide E2094 90009 or to the LAN Connectivity FAQs for details on using the instrument over LAN The instrument can be accessed through a standard web browser when it is connected to the LAN To access through the web browser enter the instrument IP address or the hostname as the URL in your browser Refer to Figure 1 2 The Signal Generator Web Service on page 13 The signal generator web page shown at right and page 16 provides general information on the signal generator FTP access to files stored on the signal generator and a means to control the instrument using either a remote front panel interface or SCPI commands The web page also has links to Keysight s products support manuals
78. Syntax Command MEM DATA BIT file name gt lt bit_count gt lt block data This downloads the file to the signal generator Query MEM DATA BIT file name Within the context of a program this query extracts the user file data Executing the query in a command window causes it to return the following information bit count block data Query MEM CAT BIT This lists all of the files in the bit file directory and shows the remaining non volatile memory lt bytes used by bit files gt lt available non volatile memory gt lt file names gt Command Syntax Example The following command downloads a file that contains 17 bytes MEM DATA BIT new file 131 21702 S 4 amp 07 8g Y9 7 Since this command is file specific BIT there is no need to add the file path to the file name After execution of this command the signal generator creates a file in the bit directory memory catalog named new file that contains 27 bytes Remember that the signal generator adds a 10 byte file header to a bit file When the signal generator uses this file it will recognize only 131 of the 136 bits 17 bytes contained in the file For information on downloading block data see Downloading User Files on page 338 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Commands for Binary Fi
79. Using Externally Generated Real Time Data for Large Files When the data fields must be continuous data streams and the size of the data exceeds the available PRAM real time data and synchronization can be supplied by an external data source to the front panel DATA DATA CLOCK and SYMBOL SYNC connectors This data can be continuously transmitted or can be framed by supplying a data synchronous burst pulse to the EXT1 INPUT connector on the front panel Additionally the external data can be multiplexed into internally generated framing Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 389 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Data Transfer Troubleshooting PRAM Download Problems Table 6 15 PRAM Download Symptoms and Causes Symptom Possible Cause Pattern reset bit not set The transmitted pattern is interspersed with randoin unwanted data Insure that the pattern reset bit bit 7 value 128 is set on the last byte of your downloaded data PRAM download exceeds the size of PRAM memory ERROR 223 Too much data Either use a smaller pattern or get more memory by ordering the appropriate hardware option Data Requirements The signal generator requires a file with a minimum of 60 bytes For every data bit bit 0 you must provide 7 bits of control information bits 1 7 Table 6 16 PRAM Data Byte Bit Function Value Comments 0 Da
80. Write ic static extern int Write Session buf count ui nt bytel uint out uint retCount Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User Flatness Correction Downloads Using C and VISA User Flatness Correction Downloads Using C r and VISA This sample program uses C and the VISA libraries to download user flatness correction values to the signal generator The program uses the LAN interface but can be adapted to use the GPIB interface by changing the address string in the program You must include header files and resource files for library functions needed to run this program Refer to Running C Programs on page 65 for more information The FlatCal program asks the user to enter a number of frequency and amplitude pairs Frequency and amplitude values are entered through the keyboard and displayed on the console interface The values are then downloaded to the signal generator and stored to a file named flatCal data The file is then loaded into the signal generator s memory catalog and corrections are turned on The figure below shows the console interface and several frequency and amplitude values Use the same format shown in the figure below for entering frequency and amplitude pairs for example 12ghz 1 2db Figure 6 1 FlatCal Console Application Example Program to Download User Flatness Corrections number of frequency a
81. available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaex10 cpp S5 oo EGO E E EGO IO OE I EG IG IO D E EG EG E IG GIO EG RAR RAK E EG EG EGO GIO KK RAK KK X I PROGRAM FILE NAME vi saex10 cpp I PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This example demonstrates the use of a Service Request SRQ interrupt The program sets up conditions to enable the SRQ and then sets the signal generator for a step mode sweep The program will enter a printing loop which prints an character and ends when the sweep has completed and an SRQ received Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples SEX Xxx oO E E IG E E GO E EG EG EGO E EG EG RRR RRR EG EGO EGO E E EGO RRR IG E KK RAK KKK nc nc nc nc nc def ude ude ude ude ude visa h lt stdio h gt StdAfx h windows h coni o h gt MAX CNT 1024 int sweepzl End of sweep flag Prototypes ViStatus VI FUNCH interupt ViSession vi ViEventType eventType Vi Event event ViAddr addr int main ViSession defaultRM vi Declares variables of type ViSession for instrument communication ViStatus viStatus 0 Declares a variable of type ViStatus for GPIB verifications char rdBuffer MAX CNT Declare a block of memory data viStatuszvi OpenDefaul tRM amp defaul tRM Initialize VISA session if viStatus lt VI SUCC
82. bit to 1 for on timeslots and 0 for off timeslots 3 Reserved 0 Always 0 4 Reserved 1 Always 1 5 Reserved 0 Always 0 6 EVENT1 0 1 To have the signal generator output a single pulse at the EVENT 1 connector set this bit to Output 1 Use this output for functions such as a triggering external hardware to indicate when the data pattern begins and restarts or creating a data synchronous pulse train by toggling this bit in alternate bytes 7 Pattern Reset 0 1 0 continue to next sequential memory address 1 end of memory and restart memory playback This bit is set to 0 for all bytes except the last byte of PRAM To restart the pattern set the last byte of PRAM to 1 As seen in Table 6 9 only four bits shown in the following list can change state bit 0 data bit 2 bursting bit 6 EVENT 1 rear panel output bit 7 pattern reset Because a PRAM byte has only four bits that can change states there are only 15 possible byte patterns as shown in Table 6 10 The table also shows the decimal value for each pattern which is needed for downloading data using the list format shown on page 355 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 351 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads Table 6 10 PRAM Byte Patterns and Bit Positions 5 0 3 ven HEME LH m Bit Function hr Pattern Decimal ECU Bit Posi
83. bits of the last byte are part of the bits of interest SCPI command to download the data MEM DATA BIT 3byte 18 13Z amp x Designated 18 bits Downloaded Data 0 10110100010011001 11100 0e LSB MSB Y Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Hex Value 5A 26 78 As Seen in the Signal Generator s Bit File Editor ee 4 000 000 000 00 s 126 00 m EN D the hex value IT Designated number of bits gu Hex value changes to 5A264 Bit File Editor Pos 0 Size to e 10110 1009 10011 Offset Y yY Byte 1 Byte2 Nibble Designated bits 5A 26 4 As Seen in a Hex Editor Designated number of bits hex value 18 decimal 58 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 i2 s5a 26 B Y 10 byte file header 3 bytes of data added by signal generator Notice that the bit file editor shows only two bytes and one nibble In addition the signal generator shows the nibble as hex value 4 instead of 7 78 is byte 3 ASCII character x in the SCPI command line This is because the signal generator sees bits 17 and 18 and assumes bits 19 and 20 are 00 As viewed by the signal generator this makes the nibble 0100 Even though the signal generator extrapolates bits 19 and 20 to complete the nibble it ignores these bits along with bits 21 through 24 As seen with the hex editor program the signal generator does not actually change the three bytes of data in the downloaded file For information on editing a file af
84. concept of byte swapping for the signal generator Remember that we can represent data in hex format 4 bits per hex value so each byte 8 bits in the figure shows two example hex values 0 1 2 3 Little Endian E9 B 53 2A 16 bit integer values 2 bytes 1 integer value data bytes 0 and 1 Q data bytes 2 and 3 Big Endian B7 E9 2A 53 210 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Understanding Waveform Data To correctly swap bytes you must group the data to maintain the and Q values One common method is to break the two byte integer into one byte character values 0 255 Character values use 8 bits 1 byte to identify a character Remember that the maximum unsigned 8 bit value is 255 28 1 Changing the data into character codes groups the data into bytes The next step is then to swap the bytes to align with big endian order NOTE Keysight signal generators always assume that downloaded data is in big endian order so there is no data order check Downloading data in little endian order will produce an undesired output signal DAC Input Values The signal generator uses a 16 bit DAC digital to analog converter to process each of the 2 byte integer values for the and Q data points The DAC determines the range of input values required from the I Q data Remember that with 16 bits we have a ran
85. controller is then 100 the only way to return the signa generator to front panel 110 Local control 120 RR ER RA ARERR EE EEEE KR EEE EEE EEEE EE GGG EEEE EEEE EEEE EE EEEE RRR RRR GG EG 130 Sig_gen 719 Declares a variable to hold signa generator address 140 CLEAR Sig gen Resets signal generator parser and clears any output 150 LOCAL Sig gen Places the signal generator in local mode 160 REMOTE Sig gen Places the signal generator in remote mode 170 CLEAR SCREEN Clears the controllers display 180 OUTPUT Sig gen RST Places the signal generator in a defined state 190 The following print statements are user prompts 200 PRINT The signal generator should now be in remote 210 PRINT Verify that the R and L annunciators are visable 220 PRINT siint Press Continue 230 PAUSE 240 LOCAL LOCKOUT 7 Puts the signal generator in LOCAL LOCKOUT mode 250 PRINT Prints user prompt messages 260 PRINT Signal generator should now be in LOCAL LOCKOUT mode 270 PRINT 280 PRINT Verify that all keys including Local except Contrast keys have no effect 290 PRINT Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 79 80 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples 300 PRINT ex xssssss Press Continue 310 PAUSE 320 PRINT 330 LOCAL 7 Returns signal generator to Local control 340 The following print statements are user prompts 350 PRINT Signal generat
86. d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 17 5a 26 78 B 10 byte file header 3 bytes of data added by signal generator In the bit editor notice that the ignored bit of the bit data is not displayed however the hex value still shows all three bytes This is because bits 1 through 7 are part of the first byte which is shown as ASCII character x in the SCPI command line The view from the hex editor program confirms that the downloaded three bytes of data remains unchanged To view a downloaded bit file with an external hex editor program FTP the file to your PC UNIX workstation For information on how to FTP a file see FTP Procedures on page 346 Even though the signal generator views the downloaded data on a bit basis it groups the data into bytes and when the designated number of bits is not a multiple of 8 bits the last byte into one or more 4 bit nibbles To make the last nibble the signal generator adds bits with a value of zero The signal generator does not show the added bits in the bit editor and ignores the added bits when it modulates the data onto the signal but these added bits do appear in the hex value displayed in the bit file editor The following example which uses the Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 333 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads same three bytes of data further demonstrates how the signal generator displays the data when only two
87. data binary data in bytes The IEEE standard 488 2 1992 section 7 7 6 defines block data This section contains two examples to explain how to format the SCPI command for downloading user file data The examples use the binary user file SCPI command however the concept is the same for the bit file SCPI command Command Format Command Format in a Program Routine on page 339 Command Format This example conceptually describes how to format a data download command amp ABC represents the block data MEM DATA file name gt ABC Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads file name gt the data file path and name indicates the start of the block data A the number of decimal digits present in B B a decimal number specifying the number of data bytes to follow in C C the file data in bytes MEM DATA bin my file 324012 S 4 amp 07 8g Y9 7 file m Km J i l bin the location of the file within the signal generator file system my file the data file name as it will appear in the signal generator s memory catalog indicates the start of the block data 3 B has three decimal digits 240 240 bytes 1 920 bits of data to follow in C 12 S 4 amp 07 8g Y9 7 the ASCII representation of some of the block data binary data downloaded to the signal generator however not all ASCII values are p
88. default settings Click LAN TCPIPO in the Instrument I O on this PC text box On the tool bar select the Add Instrument button Click the Add Address button in the Add LAN Instruments window U 5 W N O oco N O Enter the hostname of the instrument or select the Use IP Address check box and enter the IP address 10 Click OK Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 7 NOTE NOTE Getting Started with Remote Operation IO Libraries and Programming Languages Windows NT and Keysight IO Libraries M and Earlier Windows NT is not supported on Keysight IO Libraries 14 0 and newer The following sections are specific to Keysight IO Libraries versions M and earlier and apply only to the Windows NT platform For additional information on older versions of Keysight IO libraries refer to the Keysight Connection Expert in the Keysight IO Libraries Help The Keysight IO libraries are included with your signal generator or Keysight GPIB interface board or they can be downloaded from the Keysight website http www keysight com Using IO Config for Computer to Instrument Communication with VISA Automatic or Manually After installing the Keysight IO Libraries version M or earlier you can configure the interfaces available on your computer by using the IO Config program This program can setup the interfaces that you want to use to control the signal generator The following steps set up the interf
89. figure plot xcoordsOversample resample unwrap angle fcorrz displayOversample 1 100 pi 180 end clip off the center 256 if necessary if length resampl edTi me 5256 index max abs resampledTi me centerzindex eft center 127 right left 4255 clippedTi mezresampledTi me left right else clippedTi me resampl edTi me end Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 163 NOTE 164 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples corrFilter clippedTi me end function array readArrayOf Doubl es fid line fgets fid array sscanf line g c end Example 3 Reading a VSA Trace and Setting up the Equalization Filter Using Matlab This example is written for N51xxA MXG signal generators For N51xxB EXG MXG signal generators replace the 125MHz value with 200MHz This example reads a VSA trace of Eq Ch Freq Resp or Eq Impls Resp and creates an equalization filter compatible with the MXG The following program Matlab example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as loadVsaEQFilterFreq m function corrFilter loadVsaEgFilter filename destRate corrFilter loadVsaFilter filename destRate filename must reference an 89600 Equalization filter saved as mat file with the header included destRate is assumed to be 125e6 if missing output of corrFilter is in time domain Typically followed w
90. file to the Resource Files add the visa h file to the Header Files When using the NI 488 2 library add the GPIB 32 0BJ file to the Resource Files add the windows h file to the Header Files add the Deci 32 h file to the Header Files For information on the NI 488 2 library and file requirements refer to the National Instrument website For information on the VISA library see the Keysight website or National Instrument s website NOTE To communicate with the signal generator over the LAN interface you must enable the VXI 11 SCPI service For more information refer to DHCP Auto IP LAN Configuration Sequence on page 33 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 65 NOTE 66 Programming Examples Using the Programming Interface Examples C C Examples Interface Check for GPIB Using VISA and C on page 77 Local Lockout Using NI 488 2 and C on page 80 Queries Using NI 488 2 and Visual C on page 84 Queries for GPIB Using VISA and C on page 87 Generating a CW Signal Using VISA and C on page 90 Generating an Externally Applied AC Coupled FM Signal Using VISA and C on page 93 Generating an Internal FM Signal Using VISA and C on page 95 Generating a Step Swept Signal Using VISA and C on page 98 Reading the Data Questionable Status Register Using VISA and C on page 106 Reading the Service
91. file_name variable which must also include the file path as shown in the following tables There are two commands for file extraction MEM DATA file name gt MMEM DATA lt filename gt The following table uses the first command to illustrate the command format however the format is the same if you use the second command Table 6 11 Extracting a PRAM File Extraction Command Syntax Options Method Memory Type SCPI volatile memory MEM DATA WFM1 file name MEM DATA file name WFM1 MEM DATA user bbgl waveform file name SCPI non volatile MEM DATA NVWFM file name memory MEM DATA file name NVWEM MEM DATA user waveform file name FTP volatile memory get user bbgl waveform file name FTP non volatile get user waveform file name memory a See FTP Procedures on page 346 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 361 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads Table 6 12 Downloading a File for Extraction Download Method Command Syntax Options Memory Type SCPI volatile memory 2 M DATA UNPRotected WFM1 file name lt blockdata gt M DATA UNPRotected file name WFM1 lt blockdata gt M DATA UNPRotected er bbgl waveform file name lt blockdata gt Ej Ei z2 z Ei y e n SCPI non volatile T Ss Ei B Ks DATA UNPRotected NVWFM file name lt blockdata gt
92. framed data If there are not enough bits to fill a frame the signal generator truncates the data and repeats the file from the beginning With this file type the user provides the payload data along with the bits to control signal attributes such as bursting This file type is available for only the real time Custom and TDMA modulation formats This file type stores user created custom filters This file type lets the user store signal generator settings which can be recalled This provides a quick method for reconfiguring the signal generator when switching between different signal setups This file type lets the user store amplitude corrections for frequency Prior to creating and downloading files you need to take into consideration the file size and the amount of remaining signal generator memory For more information see Signal Generator Memory on page 325 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Signal Generator Memory Signal Generator Memory The signal generator provides two types of memory volatile and non volatile NOTE User FIR references are only applicable to vector signal generator models with an installed baseband generator option Volatile Random access memory that does not survive cycling of the signal generator power This memory is commonly referred to as waveform memory WFM1 or pattern RAM PRAM Refer to Table 6 1 for the
93. iscanf id d amp opcResponse Operation complete flag if opcResponse 1 If operation fails prompt user printf Bad response to OPC n iclose id exit 1 iprintf id FREQ n Query the frequency iscanf id t amp buf Read the signal generator frequency printf n Print the frequency to the display printf Frequency of signal generator is s n buf Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 119 120 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples ipromptf id IDN n t buf Query for id string printf Instrument 1D s n buf Print id string to display iclose id Close the session return 0 VXI 11 Programming Using VISA and C The following program uses the VXI 11 protocol and the VISA library to control the signal generator The signal generator is set to a 5 dBm power level and queried for its ID string Before running this code you must set up the interface using the Keysight IO Libraries IO Config utility vxivisa cpp performs the following functions sets signal generator to a 5 dBm power level queries signal generator for an ID string error checking The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as vxivisa cpp SROGOEAOOR SLE LEED ROC EROR EE ESET LE A ER ES OLD ORO OE TCR KO R E E om PROGRAM FI LE NAME vxi vi sa cpp Sample test program
94. mainl1 122 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples The int main function allows communication with the signal generator interactively from the command line The program reads the signal generator s hostname from the command line followed by the SCPI command It then opens a socket to the signal generator using port 5025 and sends the command If the command appears to be a query the program queries the signal generator for a response and prints the response The int main1 after renaming to int main will output a sequence of commands to the signal generator You can use the format as a template and then add your own code This program is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as lanio c Sockets on UNIX In UNIX LAN communication through sockets is very similar to reading or writing a file The only difference is the openSocket routine which uses a few network library routines to create the TCP IP network connection Once this connection is created the standard fread and fwrite routines are used for network communication The following steps outline the process 1 Copy the lanio c and getopt c files to your home UNIX directory For example users mydir 2 At the UNIX prompt in your home directory type cc Aa O o lanio lanio c 3 At the UNIX prompt in your home directory type lanio xxxxx IDN whe
95. more information on setting up a GPIB interface card or NI GPIB interface card refer to Set Up the GPIB Interface on page 25 Verify GPIB Functionality on page 26 You can also connect GPIB instruments to a PC USB port using the Keysight 82357A USB GPIB Interface Converter which eliminates the need for a GPIB card For more information go to http www keysight com find gpib Installing the GPIB Interface Card Refer to Installing the GPIB Interface on page 24 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 69 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples 70 Interface Check using HP Basic and GPIB on page 74 Interface Check Using NI 488 2 and C on page 75 Interface Check for GPIB Using VISA and C on page 77 Local Lockout Using HP Basic and GPIB on page 78 Local Lockout Using NI 488 2 and C on page 80 Queries Using HP Basic and GPIB on page 82 Queries Using NI 488 2 and Visual C on page 84 Queries for GPIB Using VISA and C on page 87 Generating a CW Signal Using VISA and C on page 90 Generating an Externally Applied AC Coupled FM Signal Using VISA and C on page 93 Generating an Internal FM Signal Using VISA and C on page 95 Generating a Step Swept Signal Using VISA and C on page 98 Generating a Swept Signal Using VISA and Visual C on page 100
96. of points the timeout should not be shorter then the sweep set it longer long timeout MS long 2 npoints 015 dwell 1000 l set the VISA timeout stat viSetAttribute inst VI ATTR TMO VALUE timeout MS set continuous trigger mode off stat viPrintf inst INIT CONT OFF n turn list sweep on stat viPrintf inst FREQ MODE LIST n int sweepNo 0 while intCounter gt 0 start the sweep initialize stat viPrintf inst INI T n printf Sweep d started n sweepNo wait for the sweep completion with OPC int res stat viPrintf inst OPC n stat viScanf inst d amp res handle possible errors here most likely a timeout err handler inst stat puts Sweep ended delay before sending next INIT since instrument may not be ready to receive it yet S eep 15 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples intCounter intCounter 1 printf End of Program n n Saving and Recalling States Using VISA and C In this example instrument settings are saved in the signal generator s save register These settings can then be recalled separately either from the keyboard or from the signal generator s front panel Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp source file visaex8 cpp performs the following functions
97. protocol to set the signal generator for a 1 gHz CW frequency The signal generator is queried for operation complete and then queried for its ID string The frequency and ID string are then printed to the display IMPORTANT Enter in your signal generators hostname in the instrumentName declaration where the xxxxx appears SEX Xx oO E E EGG RRR RRR EG EGO E EG RR E EO RRR EG EGO EGO E E EG EGG IG E EG RAK E G X amp include stdafx h amp include sicl h amp include stdlib h amp include stdio h Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples int main int argc char argv INST id Device session id int opcResponse Variable for response flag char instrumentName xxxxx Put your instrument s hostname here char instNameBuf 256 Variable to hold instrument name char buf 256 Variable for id string ionerror Il ERROR EXIT Register SICL error handler Open SICL instrument handle using VXI 11 protocol sprintf instNameBuf lan 9s instO instrument Name id iopen instNameBuf Open instrument session itimeout id 1000 Set 1 second timeout for operations printf Setting frequency to 1 Ghz n iprintf id freq 1 GHz n Set frequency to 1 GHz printf Waiting for source to settle n iprintf id opce n Query for operation complete
98. repeats the data in the same symbol where the data stream ends This means that your data would not end on the symbol boundary but during a symbol This makes it harder to identify the data content of a symbol The following figure illustrates the use of an uneven number of bytes and an even number of bytes Unframed Data MSB LSB Data pattern 1 0 1 1011011001100 Uneven Number of Bytes f Data repeats during a symbol I 32QAM 5 bits symbol pue M aM E E per ox UR Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Sylnbol Using an uneven number of bytes makes it harder to identify the data within a symbol Even Number of Bytes Data repeats at the symbol boundary I 16QAM 4 bits symbol 19110110110041900 10110112041 1004 190 0 Data BA RA BA RS Lp amd repeats Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 335 336 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Framed Binary Data When using framed data ensure that you use an even number of bytes and that the bytes contain enough bits to fill the data fields within a timeslot or frame When there are not enough bits to fill a single timeslot or frame the signal generator replicates the data pattern until it fills the timeslot frame The signal generator creates successive timeslots frames when the user file contains more bits than what it takes to fill a
99. see this window check to see if the window is hidden behind your browser window or your web browser settings are set to block pop ups To use this feature you need to set your web browser to allow pop ups for your instrument s IP address Remote SCPI commands requires the Telnet feature on the computer The Telnet feature is available from a variety of sources Some software updates can block break this Telnet connection e g Internet Explorer 7 When using Internet Explorer as a browser only versions Internet Explorer 7 enable the Web Enabled MXG SCPI feature Modifying the Signal Generator Configuration NOTE Use Help with this Page for assistance with the Web Enabled interface 1 From the welcome page of the Web Enabled interface click View amp Modify Configuration to show the instrument s currently assigned IP address and other parameters Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 13 Getting Started with Remote Operation Using the Web Browser 2 Enter the new settings and click Save 3 Click Renew LAN Settings to cause the new settings to take effect Figure 1 3 View amp Modify Configuration O O WAG Pwo yr O BS 6 103 ves B hetse ifa reat oco Xi Agilent Technologies EYE EST EOE Page Current Configuration of MXG Coss ES or E Q O DAO D ke O 3 E DES others Mtc f nita 00001 meo XX Agilent Technologies EI gnal Generator aa
100. sessions viClose vi vi Close defaul t RM Generating a CW Signal Using VISA and C This example uses VISA library functions to control the signal generator The signal generator is set for a CW frequency of 500 kHz and a power level of 2 3 dBm Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the code into your cpp source file visaex4 cpp performs the following functions verifies the GPIB connections and interface are functional resets the signal generator queries the instrument CW frequency power level frequency mode and RF state reads responses into the rdBuffer CW frequency power level and frequency mode turns signal generator RF state off verifies RF state off The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaex4 cpp FEX AR Xxx o o E E RR RRR RRR EG EGO E EG EG E RR RRR KR EGO EGO E E GO GIG EG E EG EGO KKK PROGRAM FILE NAME vi saex4 cpp PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This example demonstrates query commands The signal generator frequency and power level The RF state of the signal generator is turn on and then the state is queried The response will indicate that the RF state is on The RF state is then turned off and queried The response should indicate that the RF state is off The query results are printed to the to the display window Jj CERE ER ERE EIR EER EEE ERE EEE EAR EEE
101. signal to the vector signal generator pulsedroop m This programming example calculates and downloads an arbitrary waveform file that simulates a simple pulse signal with pulse droop to the vector signal generator Downloading a Waveform Markers and Setting the Waveform Header This example works on either a 32bit or 64bit system that is connected over the LAN So the Waveform Download Assistant which only works on 32bit systems is not required to use this program Additional documentation is available on this program through Matlab by adding your PC s path to the Matlab s path and then from the Matlab command line type help download This is example is used to download a waveform to the instrument On the documentation CD this programming example s name is Download m This MATLAB programming example performs the following functions downloads a waveform downloads the waveform s marker information downloads the waveform s header information function Download tcpipAddress iqWave name markers header Download tcpipAddress iqWave name markers header Copyright 2009 Keysight Technologies Inc This function downloads a waveform and markers to an Keysight ESG C PSG C D or MXG Vector Signal Generator markers is a two di menti onal array that contains 4 markers The header contains the sample rate the Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 295
102. tenet tenet eee 3 75 Interface Check for GPIB Using VISA and C 1 ee nen 3 71 Local Lockout Using HP Basic and GPIB 0 e Inn 3 78 Local Lockout Using NI 488 2 and CH hn 3 80 Queries Using HP Basic and GPIB isssisssee hh hh 3 82 Queries Using NI 488 2 and Visual CH eee hn 3 84 Queries for GPIB Using VISA and s uuu arro cmd Punk caw OE RR EROR view ed e pats 3 87 G nerating a CW Signal Using VISA and C 1 s s snrkR na Rn REFERRI RR EEEEUTERCXG E RA 3 90 Generating an Externally Applied AC Coupled FM Signal Using VISA and C 0 0 2 e ee eee 3 93 Generating an Internal FM Signal Using VISA and C suaa 3 95 Generating a Step Swept Signal Using VISA and CH 0 eee 3 98 Generating a Swept Signal Using VISA and Visual CH sssusa 3 100 Saving and Recalling States Using VISA and C iiisssisssssssssse een 3 103 Reading the Data Questionable Status Register Using VISA and C kee eee 3 106 Reading the Service Request Interrupt SRQ Using VISA and C 0 eee 3 112 LAN Programming Interface Examples 0 cece ee teens 3 117 VXI ET Program 2 2 m oucens awe w nny hea meh awe ER EXE EGRE EE Rawal 3 117 VXI 11 Programming Using SIGL and C44 isis RR Re Rv RR Rer p e REY E eee 3 118 VXISLT Programming Using VISA and CHF isses Rr e ey DOE XU dr KR hives sawed y 3 120 Sockets LAN Programming andC iie sre usc be he RR aub WE x RR Ra YE RAE ERR RO 3 122 Queries for Lan Using SOCKGUS ricerra rere SERERE Rx
103. the Waveforms iios ese eyeiaarergeweer re ges eee eee NEG GEO Gaa ds RR epee EES 5 250 Verifying the Wavefortm 2o cd erae ere E wave send rds nites awe nee EORR E RS E 5 252 Building and Playing Waveform Sequences 0 0 cece ete n 5 252 Using the Download Utilities IH HH Hh n 5 254 Downloading E443xB Signal Generator Files isssissssssssseee In 5 255 E443XB Data Formal saote use eee erant aia e Ron no Rt tm td OE UE RR I D e D e n al 5 256 SCPI Commanhds sheep t ete e pide Pob m a ede icd don s yaaa e 5 256 Programming Examples c aiuau see xxr pre x Re ak Rd Reads RM E Odea EGG EA YR ERR ERE 5 257 Cur Programming Examples 2x ezx aae RE REEERERGS eR NAREEEEe3RR ERR AE E CEA RR 5 258 MATLAB Programming Examples xa set t em ete pbpDLE bx RR ee sd EROR se ease 5 288 Visual Basic Programming Examples ee Rx Ra rr deen HRY ERG e ween eden aa RU UR 5 305 HP Basic Programming Examples csse mx di da nd Re Rn don ee ee e Re 5 312 Troubleshooting Waveform Files iiisssssssssessee IH mme 5 321 Configuring the Pulse RF Blank csse mtm het bd Rhe 5 322 Creating and Downloading User Data Files OVENS W ceeuta unu irte es ota e ru Rodi total edascuew kat auos US T E RR Rp dade Mos RIT ATE Bra as 6 324 Sign l Generator MEMO srs us Rd B08 qut idc RI S ncn inves Pas apd RU QU eR ndr em kas Une cae Ra 6 325 Memory AllocatiQni uaa ce ehe ea aeuo e x e heb Rue oed e ln RA Ted co dix RR AR dick 6 327 Memory Size
104. the options EOF is returned and is ski pped 150 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples ERE AER RRR EER ASE EE SRA EE ER ESE NEE ROG BRE ER RR ROR TERE AR ERR BRE E include lt stdio h gt For NULL EOF include lt string h gt For stront char optarg Global argument pointer int optind 0 Global argv index static char scan NULL Private scan pointer int getopt int argc char const argv const char optstring char c char posn optarg NULL if optind 0 optind t argc argv optind 0 if optind gt argv optind 1 0 return EOF if stremp argv optind 0 optind t return EOF scan argv optind 1 opti nds Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 151 152 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples C scant posn strchr optstring c DDP if posn NULL c fprintf stderr s unknown option c n argv 0 c return posntt if posn if scan tS OVO d optarg scan scan NULL else optarg argv optind optind t return c Sockets LAN Programming Using J ava In this example the J ava program connects to the signal generator through Sockets LAN This program requires J ava version 1 1 or later be installed o
105. the use of query commands The signal Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 87 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples generator can be queried for conditions and instrument states These commands are of the type IDN the question mark indicates a query H SEX Xo o OU E E IG E GO E EG EG EGO E EG EGG E RR E E E EG EGO EGO E E EG EGG IG E EG RK KEKE nclude visa h gt nclude StdAf x h nclude iostream nclude coni o h nclude lt stdlib h gt using namespace std void main ViSession defaultRM vi Declares variables of type Vi Session for instrument communication ViStatus viStatus 0 Declares a variable of type Vi Status for GPIB verifications char rdBuffer 256 Declares variable to hold string data int num Declares variable to hold integer data l Initialize the VISA system vi Statuszvi OpenDefaultRM amp def aul t RM Open session to GPIB device at address 19 viStatuszvi Open defaul tRM GPIB 19 1NSTR VI NULL VI NULL i if viStatus l If problems then prompt user printf Could not open ViSession n printf Check instruments and connections n printf n Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples exit 0 viPrintf vi RST n viPrintf vi FREQ CW n viScanf vi t rdBuffer
106. to 0 15 Al ways 0 a In analog models this bit is always set to 0 b Always set to 0 if Option UN7 not present Query STATus OPERation CONDition Response The decimal sum of the bits set to 1 Example The decimal value 40 is returned The decimal sum 32 bit 5 8 bit 3 Standard Operation Transition Filters negative and positive The Standard Operation Transition Filters specify which types of bit state changes in the condition register set corresponding bits in the event register Changes can be positive 0 to 1 or negative 1 to 0 Commands STATus OPERation NTRansition value negative transition or Queries 188 STATus OPERation PTRansition value positive transition where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable STATus OPERation NTRansition STATus OPERation PTRansition Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Standard Operation Event Register The Standard Operation Event Register latches transition events from the condition register as specified by the transition filters Event registers are destructive read only Reading data from an event register clears the content of that register Query STATus OPERation EVENt Standard Operation Event Enable Register The Standard Operation Event Enable Register lets you choose which bits in the St
107. to the SCPI Command Reference 2 Launch the PC or workstation web browser 3 In the web browser address field enter the signal generator s IP address For example http 101 101 101 101 where 101 101 101 101 is the signal generator s IP address The IP internet protocol address can change depending on the LAN configuration see Using LAN on page 30 4 On the computer s keyboard press Enter The web browser displays the signal generator s homepage 5 Click the Signal Generator Web Control menu button on the left of the page The LXI password box is displayed on the computer Refer to the Web Enabled MXG Help 6 Click Submit 7 The front panel web page displays Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 15 NOTE 16 Getting Started with Remote Operation Using the Web Browser If you are experiencing problems with opening the signal generator s remote front panel web page verify that the pop up blocker is turned off on your web browser In some cases the Web Enabled front panel may appear behind the main browser window so you must move the browser window to see the Web Enabled front panel To control the signal generator either click the front panel keys or enter SCPI commands FTP enables the transfer of files between the instrument and a computer The FTP access button provides drag and drop file Capability The FTP access button opens a window that displays the signa
108. 0Mbps Abps 50Mbps Q32AM 5bps 250M bps 5bps 125Mbps 5bps 62 5Mbps 64QAM 6bps 300M bps 6bps 150M bps 6bps 75Mbps 128QAM Tbps 350M bps 7bps 175M bps Tbps 87 5Mbps 256QAM 8bps 400M bps 8bps 200M bps 8bps 100M bps The only external effect of the parallel mode is in the EVENT 1 output signal In serial and parallel mode the signal generator outputs a narrow pulse at the EVENT 1 connector But in parallel mode the output pulse width increases by a factor of bits per symbol wide as shown in the following figure 32QAM 5 bits per symbol bit rate bits per symbol x symbol rate 10 Msps 20 ns 10 000001 Msps a ag 100 ns NOTE The pulse widths values are only for example purposes The actual width may vary from the above values Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 349 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads NOTE 350 Refer to Table on page 326 for a list of applicable signal generators If you encounter problems with this section refer to Data Transfer Troubleshooting on page 388 To verify the SCPI parser s responsiveness when remotely using the MEM DATA SCPI command to upload files the file s upload should be verified using the STB command Refer to the SCPI Command Reference This section contains information to help you transfer user gen
109. 1 1 wVersionRequested MAKEWORD 2 0 err WSAStartup wVersionRequested amp wsaData if err 2 0 Tell the user that we couldn t find a useable winsock dll e fprintf stderr Cannot initialize Winsock 1 1 n return 1 return 0 int close winsock void WSACI eanup return 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples endi f WINSOCK F5 E RAR RARER EGO IR REER R AE EG EGO E EG EG RRR RRR KR RAR RARER E AR RARR RER ERR KK R RER KKK gt Function openSocket Description open a TCP IP socket connection to the instrument Parameters const char hostname Network name of instrument This can be in dotted deci mal notation int portNumber The TCP IP port to talk to i Use 5025 for the SCPI port x Return int A file descriptor similar to open 1 x Errors returns 1 if anything goes wrong x ERRERA RARER ERK EG E IO IO RRR RARER EGO E E RAK RK RRR E E R RARER RAK KKK KK HK EGGE XX J SOCKET openSocket const char hostname int portNumber struct hostent hostPtr struct sockaddr in peeraddr in SOCKET 5 memset amp peeraddr in 0 sizeof struct sockaddr in J Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 131 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples BERR EE AER
110. 11 interface Use the IO Config program to configure the LAN client Once the computer is configured for a LAN client you can use the VXI 11 protocol and the VISA library to send SCPI commands to the signal generator over the LAN interface Example programs for this protocol are included in LAN Programming Interface Examples on page 117 of this programming guide To communicate with the signal generator over the LAN interface you must enable the VXI 11 SCPI service For more information refer to DHCP Auto IP LAN Configuration Sequence on page 33 If you are using the Windows NT platform refer to Windows NT and Keysight IO Libraries M and Earlier on page 8 for information on using Keysight IO Libraries versions M or earlier to configure the interface For Keysight IO library version J 01 0100 the Identify devices at run time check box must be unchecked Refer to Figure 2 3 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Figure 2 3 NOTE Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Show Devices Form Keysight IO Library version J 01 0100 Show Devices OK Identify devices at run time d i Cancel Devices present on interface GPIB1 Add device Remove device Auto Add devices xj EN sess Lise Benove device Ao Add devices Using Sockets LAN Users with Windows XP operating systems and newer can use this section to better understand how to use the signal generator with port se
111. 128K 8192 MB 16384 MB 256K The amount of available memory volatile and non volatile varies by the installed options and by amount of memory used by other files that share the memory When we refer to waveform files we state the memory size in samples one sample equals five bytes The waveform playback memory resides on the baseband generator that is installed in the Keysight MXG or X Series signal generator Refer to Table 5 4 on page 226 for the maximum available memory for each model and option Maximum Signal Generator Memory Volatile BBG Memory Non Volatile Internal Storage and USB Media Memory Option Size Option Size N5172B and N5182B 653 655 656 657 32 MSa 160 MB Standard 600 MSa 3 GB BBG 006 2 GSa 8 GB 009 7 5 GSa 30 GB 021 N5172B only 256 MSa 1 25 GB USB Flash Drive UFD user determined 022 512 MSa 2 5 GB 023 N5182B only 1024 MSa 5 GB N5182A 651 652 654 BBG 019 8 MSa 40 MB 364 MSa 20 MB Standard USB Flash Drive UFD 800 MSa 4 GB user determined Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Memory a The internal baseband generator speed upgrade Options 670 671 and 672 are option upgrades that require Option 651 and 652 to have been loaded at the factory refer to the Data Sheet for more information Any references to
112. 2 Move the MXA into the list sweep measurement Send the following SCPI command CONF LIST 23 Send the MXA a list of frequencies Send the following SCPI command LIST FREQ 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz The MXA will put out signals at these frequencies and in this order 24 Configure the MXA s list sweep parameters Send the following SCPI commands LIST ATT 10dB LIST BAND RES TYPE FLAT LIST BAND RES 300kHz LIST BAND VID 3MHz LIST SWE TIME 1e 6 s LIST TRIG DEL 0 LIST DET RMS 25 Make sure the MXA s LXI LAN triggers are disabled Send the following SCPI command TRIG LXI LAN DISable ALL 26 Set the MXA s trigger source to LXI LAN Send the following SCPI command LIST TRIG SOUR LAN 27 Configure the MXA s LXI Output LAN Event Send the following SCPI commands LXI EVENt OUTPut LAN DRIVe LAN1 NORMal LXI EVENt OUTPut LAN SLOPe LAN1 POS LXI EVENCt OUTPut LAN SOURCe LAN1 WaitingForTrigger This will cause the MXA to take a measurement at the first frequency in its list It will also begin waiting for the LANO peer to peer message before moving on to the next measurement 28 Enable the MXA s LXI LAN Event trigger 56 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Send the following SCPI commands TRIG LXI LAN ENABled LANO 1 29 Enable the MXA s OperationComplete LXI Output LAN Event Send the following SCPI commands LXI EVENt OUTPut LAN ENABl
113. 651 652 or 654 are inclusive of 671 672 and 674 b For serial numbers lt MY4818xxxx US4818xxxx and SG4818xxx the persistent memory value 512 MB Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 227 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data 228 You can download I Q data the associated file header and marker file information collectively called waveform data into volatile or non volatile memory For information on waveform structure see Waveform Structure on page 216 The signal generator provides the option of downloading waveform data either for extraction or not for extraction When you extract waveform data the signal generator may require it to be read out in encrypted form The SCPI download commands determine whether the waveform data is extractable You can download or extract waveform data created in any of the following ways with signal simulation software such as MATLAB or Keysight Advanced Design System ADS with advanced programming languages such as C VB or VEE with Keysight Signal Studio software with the signal generator Waveform Data Encryption You can download encrypted waveform data extracted from one signal generator into another signal generator with the same option or software license for the modulation format You can also extract encrypted waveform d
114. 69 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples 170 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Keysight Technologies X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 4 Programming the Status Register System This chapter provides the following major sections Overview on page 172 Status Register Bit Values on page 176 Accessing Status Register Information on page 177 Status Byte Group on page 182 Status Groups on page 184 KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES 171 Overview NOTE 172 Programming the Status Register System Overview Some of the status bits and register groups only apply to select signal generators with certain options For more specific information on each exception refer to the following Standard Operation Condition Register bits see Table on page 188 Data Questionable Condition Register bits see Table on page 191 Data Questionable Power Condition Register bits see Table on page 194 Data Questionable Frequency Condition Register bits see Table on page 197 Data Questionable Calibration Condition Register bit see Table on page 200 Data Questionable BERT Status Group see page 202 During remote operation you may need to monitor the status of the signal generator for error conditions or status changes You can use the signal generator s status register system to monitor error conditions or condition changes or both In general th
115. 70 Finds the number of digits in Nbytes 190 Sends the first part of the SCPI command MEM DATA along with the name of the file data_file that will receive the waveform data The name data file will appear in the signal generator s memory catalog 200 to 210 Sends the rest of the ASCII header 230 Sends the binary data Note that PSGb is the binary IO path 240 Sends an End of Line to terminate the transmission 250 to 260 Closes the connections to the signal generator 290 End the program Creating and Downloading E443xB Waveform Data Using HP BASIC for Windows On the documentation CD this programming example s name is e443xb hpbasicWin2 txt The following program shows you how to download waveforms using HP Basic for Windows into volatile ARB memory This program is similar to the following program example as well as the previous examples The difference between BASIC for UNIX and BASIC for Windows is the way the formatting for the most significant bit MSB on lines 110 and 120 is handled Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples To download into non volatile ARB memory replace line 160 with 160 OUTPUT ESG USING K MMEM DATA NVARBI testfile zz and replace line 210 with 210 OUTPUT ESG USING K MMEM DATA NVARBQ testfile First the waveform data is put into an array of integers called Iwfm_dat
116. 8 401 402 KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES
117. BBG Memory and Internal Storage memories as locations to copy the files Non volatile files are stored on the non volatile internal signal generator memory internal storage or to an USB media if available The non volatile internal memory is allocated according to a Microsoft compatible file allocation table FAT file system The signal generator allocates non volatile memory in clusters according to the drive size see Table on page 226 For example referring to Table on page 226 if the drive size is 15 MB and if the file is less than or equal to 4K bytes the file uses only one 4 KB cluster of memory For files larger than 4 KB and with a drive size of 15 MB the signal generator allocates additional memory in multiples of 4KB clusters For example a file that has 21 538 bytes consumes 6 memory clusters 24 000 bytes For more information on default cluster sizes for FAT file structures refer to Table on page 226 and to http support microsoft com Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 225 Table 5 4 226 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Memory Table 5 3 Memory Size Drive Size logical volume Drive Size logical volume Cluster Size Bytes Minimum Allocation Size 0 MB 15 MB 4K 16 MB 127 MB 2K 128 MB 255 MB 4K 256 MB 511 MB 8K 512 MB 1023 MB 16K 1024 MB 2048 MB 32K 2048 MB 4096 MB 64K 4096 MB 8192 MB
118. CE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CON TAINED HEREIN SHOULD KEY SIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVER ING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOC UMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREE MENT WILL CONTROL Technology Licenses The hardware and or software described in this document are fur nished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license Restricted Rights Legend U S Government Restricted Rights Software and technical data rights granted to the federal government include only those rights customarily provided to end user customers Key sight provides this customary commer cial license in Software and technical data pursuant to FAR 12 211 Technical Data and 12 212 Computer Software and for the Department of Defense DFARS 252 227 7015 Technical Data Commercial Items and DFARS 227 7202 3 Rights in Commercial Computer Software or Computer Soft ware Documentation Safety Notices A CAUTION notice denotes a haz ard It calls attention to an operat ing procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to the product or loss of important data Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met A WARNING notice denotes a haz ard It calls attention to an operat ing procedure p
119. Creating and Storing Offset I Q Data Big and Little Endian Order On the documentation CD this programming example s name is offset_iq_ct txt This C programming example compiled using Microsoft Visual C 6 0 follows the same coding algorithm as the MATLAB programming example Creating and Storing I Q Data on page 288 and performs the following functions error checking data creation data normalization data scaling Q signal offset from the carrier single sideband suppressed carrier signal byte swapping and interleaving for little endian order data and Q interleaving for big endian order data binary data file storing to a PC or workstation reversal of the data formatting process byte swapping interleaving and normalizing the data After creating the binary file you can use FTP one of the download utilities or one of the C download programming examples to download the file to the signal generator This C example shows how to 1 Create a simple IQ waveform 2 Save the waveform into the ESG PSG Internal Arb format This format is for the E4438C E8267C E8267D I This format will not work with the ESG E443xB or the Keysight MXG N518xA 3 Load the internal Arb format file into an array Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples include lt stdio h gt
120. D ROM as 1anio c and getopt c Lae x x x gen x x and x to KXKKKKKKKK KKK RK KKK KKK KKK RRR KKK KKK KKK RK KKK K KKK KAR KK KKKKKKK XXE X X Header lanio c 04 24 01 Revision 1 1 Date 10 24 01 PROGRAM NAME lanio c Descri pti on Functions to talk to an Keysight signal erator via TCP IP Uses command line arguments A TCP IP connection to port 5025 is established the resultant file descriptor is used to talk the instrument using regular socket 1 0 mechanisms Examples Query the signal generator frequency lanio XX XXX XX X FREQ Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples Query the signal generator power level lanio XX XXX Xx x POW Check for errors gets one error lanio XX XXX XX X syst err i Send a list of commands froma file and number them cat scpi_cmds lanio M XX XXX XX X XC CK ECECEOEOKCXCKCCC CC RK KKK KKK KKK RR KKK KKK KKK RR KK KKK KKK KKK RK KKK KK KKK RK XE XX x This program compiles and runs under t HP UX 10 20 UNIX using HP cc or gcc cc Aa 0 o lanio lanio c gcc Wall 0 o lanio lanio c x Windows 95 using Microsoft Visual C 4 0 Standard Edition Windows NT 3 51 using Microsoft Visual C 4 0 Be sure to add WSOCK32 LIB to your list of libraries 4 Compile both lanio c and getopt c i Cons
121. Data File MSB Offset Binary LSB Q File 14 bits DAC Data inak Offset Binary ab data SCPI Commands Use the following commands to download E443xB waveform files into the signal generator NOTE To avoid overwriting the current waveform in volatile memory before downloading files into volatile memory WFM1 change the file name or turn off the ARB For more information on manually turning off the ARB refer to the User s Guide To turn off the ARB remotely send SOURce RADio ARB STATe OFF Extraction Method Command Syntax Options Memory Type SCPI MMEM DATA ARBI file name I waveform block data volatile memory MMEM DATA ARBQ lt file name gt lt Q waveform data SCPI MMEM DATA NVARBI file name gt I waveform block data non volatile memory MMEM DATA NVARBQ file name lt Q waveform block data The variables lt I waveform block data gt and lt Q waveform block data represents data in the E443xB file format The string variable lt file name gt is the name of the and Q data file After downloading the data the signal generator associates a file header and marker file with the I Q data file 256 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Programming Examples NOTE The programming examples contain instrument specific information However users can still use these programmi
122. Domain 1 topHalf 1 end else already centered in time domain centeredTi me ti meDomai n end if abs destRate rate gt le 6 resampledTi me resample centeredTi me destRate rate 30 resampledTi me resampledTi me rate destRate Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 165 NOTE 166 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples else resampledTi me centeredTi me end clip off the center 256 if necessary if length resampl edTi me 5256 maxval index max abs resampledTi me center index eft center 127 right left 4255 clippedTi me resampledTi me left right else clippedTi me resampl edTi me end corrFilterzclippedTi me end Example 4 Downloading a FIR filter in Matlab to the MXG This example is written for N51xxA MXG signal generators For N51xxB EXG MXG signal generators replace the 125MHz value with 200MHz This example uses Matlab to control the M XG over the TCP IP LAN interface This example takes a filter in Matlab and writes it to a FIR file in the M XG This example can be can be used in combination with either the automatable loadPsaEqFilterFreq m example 1 or the loadVsaEqFilter m example 3 to manually work with the VSA 89600 software This example can also be used to create real modulation FIRs The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as writeMxgFir m fun
123. EER BR REIS GE OE GR ERR IG RE RRR ER BRR map the desired host name to internal form FF XX o EGO E RAR OO E EG IG EGO KR RAK RAK E E RK GGG GE KK hostPtr gethostbyname hostname if hostPtr NULL fprintf stderr unable to resolve hostname s n hostname return INVALID SOCKET FECERO RO C EE GE create a socket p SERESUEPERISOHUSDPRI S socket AF_INET SOCK STREAM 0 if s INVALID SOCKET fprintf stderr unable to create socket to s s n hostname strerror errno return INVALID SOCKET memcpy amp peeraddr in sin addr s addr hostPtr h addr hostPtr h length peeraddr in sin family AF INET peeraddr in sin port htons unsigned short portNumber if connect s const struct sockaddr amp peeraddr in sizeof struct sockaddr in SOCKET ERROR fprintf stderr unable to create socket to 9 s s n hostname strerror errno return INVALID SOCKET 132 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples return S F5 RRR EGO EGO E EG RR RRR RRR EG EGO E EG EG RRR RRR KR RAR EGO E E EGO RRR IG E KK RK KKK gt Function commandi nstrument Description send a SCPI command to the instrument Parameters FILE o file pointer associated with TCP IP socket const char command SCPI command string Return char
124. ERE LEE IE AN RARER IRE ERE EAE IRER AR ARAR AR Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples include StdAfx h include lt visa h gt include lt iostream gt include lt stdlib h gt include coni o h gt void main ViSession defaultRM vi Declares variables of type Vi Session for instrument communication ViStatus viStatus 0 Declares a variable of type Vi Status for GPIB verifications char rdBuffer 256 Declare variable to hold string data int num Declare variable to hold integer data vi Status vi OpenDef aul t RM amp def aul t RM Initialize VISA system Open session to GPIB device at address 19 viStatus vi Open defaultRM GPIB 19 INSTR VI NULL VI NULL amp vi if viStatus If problems then prompt user printf Could not open ViSession n printf Check instruments and connections n printf n exit 0 viPrintf vi RST n Reset the signal generator viPrintf vi FREQ 500 kHz n Set the source CW frequency for 500 kHz viPrintf vi FREQ CW n Query the CW frequency viScanf vi t rdBuffer Read signal generator response Keysight EXG and MXG X Series S ignal Generators Programming Guide 91 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples printf Source CW frequency is s n rdBuffer Print the frequency vi
125. ESS If problems then prompt user printf ERROR initializing VISA exitingln printf n return 1 Open session to gpib device at address 19 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 113 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples viStatus vi Open defaultRM GPIB 19 INSTR VI NULL VI NULL amp vi if viStatus If problems then prompt user printf ERROR Could not open communication with instrument n printf n return 1 viClear vi Clears the signal generator viPrintf vi RST n Resets signal generator Print program header and information printf End of Sweep Service Request n printf n printf The signal generator will be set up for a step sweep mode operation n printf An will be printed while the instrument is sweeping The end of n 5 printf sweep will be indicated by an SRQ on the GPIB and the program will end n printf n printf Press Enter to continue n printf n getch viPrintf vi CLS n Clears signal generator status byte viPrintf vi STAT OPER NTR 8 n Sets the Operation Status Group Negative Transition Filter to indicate a negative transition in Bit 3 Sweeping which will set a corresponding event in the Operation Event Register This occurs at the end of a sweep viPrintf vi STAT OPER PTR O n Sets the Operation Status Group
126. FILE NAME visaex6 cpp PROGRAM DESCRIPION This example generates an internal FM signal at a 900 MHz carrier frequency and a power level of 15 dBm The FM rate is 5 kHz and the peak deviation 100 kHz I S5 ooo EGO E E EG E GIO OE IG IO IO D E EG EG E IO EGO KR RAK RAK E EG EG GIO GO IG RAK KK X nclude visa h gt nclude StdAf x h nclude iostream nclude lt stdlib h gt nclude coni o h void main ViSession defaultRM vi Declares variables of type Vi Session for instrument communication ViStatus viStatus 0 Declares a variable of type Vi Status l for GPIB verifications viStatus vi OpenDefaultRM amp defaultRM Initialize VISA session open session to gpib device at address 19 viStatus viOpen defaultRM GPIB 19 1 NSTR VI NULL VI NULL vi if viStatus user If problems then prompt printf Could not open ViSession n printf Check instruments and connections n printf n Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples exit 0 printf Example program to set up the signal generator n printf for an AC coupled FM signal n printf n printf Press any key to continue n getch viClear vi Clears the signa generator viPrintf vi RST n Resets the signa generator viPrintf vi FM2 N
127. Function isQuery Description Test current SCPI command to see if it a query Return unsigned char non zero if command is a query 0 if not LEER ROO RR ESE LDR LL EL EL RAL EE RRL BEELER CRE RUE RO RUE LE ER Coe ew of unsigned char isQuery char cmd unsigned char q 0 char query EERE READER ALAR IER ALE ARE ELSE RR SR RR ORE ARLE ERR oe if the command has a in it use querylnstrument otherwise simply send the command I Actually we must be a more specific so that marker value querys are treated as commands I Example SENS FREQ CENT CALCI MARKL X j PERE REEL EERE EERE ERLE EROR RS ALES ER EAR REE AR ER KR AR f if query strchr cmd NULL Make sure we don t have a marker value query or any command with a followed by a character This kind of command is not a query from our point of vi ew The signal generator does the query internally and uses the result e queryt bump past while query Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 141 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples if query attempt to ignore white spc query else break if query 1e hE pel return q VENEREE LEAL LE LEADED LEAD LA ED ORR DN LAD RR RS Se ER RUE Joop eon Function mai n Description Read command line arguments
128. I command int bytesToSend char s 20 char cmd 200 bytesToSend numsampl es 4 calculate the number of bytes sprintf s d bytesToSend create a string s with that number of bytes The SCPI command has four parts I Part 1 MEM DATA filename I Part 2 length of Part 3 when written to a string Part 3 length of the data in bytes This is in s from above l Part 4 the buffer of data Build parts 1 2 and 3 for the and Q data sprintf cmd MEM DATA V WFMI FILEIV d d strlen s bytesToSend Send parts 1 2 and 3 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 269 270 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples iwrite id cmd strlen cmd 0 0 l Send part 4 Be careful to use the correct command here In many l programming languages there are two methods to send SCPI commands Method 1 stop at the first 0 in the data l Method 2 send a fixed number of bytes ignoring 0 in the data You must find and use the correct command for Method 2 iwrite id igbuffer bytesToSend 0 0 l Send a terminating carriage return iwrite id Vn 1 1 0 printf Loaded file using the E4438C E8267C and E8267D format n return 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Importing and Downloadin
129. Ii and Q data just for debugging purposes It is l a good programming practice to check your data in this way before attempting to write it to the instrument char ofile c SignalGenerator data igq txt Create arrays to hold the and Q data int idata MAXSAMPLES int qdata MAXSAMPLES Often we must modify scale or offset the data before loading it into the instrument These buffers are used for that purpose Since each l sample is 16 bits and a character only holds 8 bits we must make these arrays twice as long as the and Q data arrays char ibuffer MAXSAMPLES 2 char qbuffer MAXSAMPLES 2 For the E4438C or E8267C 67D we might also need to interleave the and Q data This buffer is used for that l purpose In this case this buffer must hold both and Q data so it needs to be four times as big as the data arrays 280 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples char iqbuffer MAXSAMPLES 4 Declare variables which will be used later bool done FILE infile int index numsamples il i2 ival ue In this example we ll assume the data files have the and Q data in binary form as unsigned 16 bit integers This next block reads those binary files If your data is in some other format then replace this block with appropriate cod
130. In the polling method the signal generator has a passive role It tells the controller that conditions have changed only when the controller asks the right question This is accomplished by a program loop that continually sends a query The polling method works well if you do not need to know about changes the moment they occur Use polling in the following situations when you use a programming language development environment or IO interface that does not support SRQ interrupts when you want to write a simple single purpose program without the complexity of setting up an SRQ handler The service request SRQ method In the SRQ method described in the following section the signal generator takes a more active role It tells the controller when there has been a condition change without the controller asking Use the SRQ method to detect changes using the polling method where the program must repeatedly read the registers Use the SRQ method if you must know immediately when a condition changes Use the SRQ method in the following situations when you need time critical notification of changes when you are monitoring more than one device that supports SRQs when you need to have the controller do something else while waiting when you can t afford the performance penalty inherent to polling Using the Service Request SRQ Method The programming language I O interface and programming environment must su
131. L amp vi cn if viStatus printf Could not open ViSession n printf Check instruments and connections n printf EE exit 0 viPrintf vi RST n ll initializes signal generator l prints to the output window printf The signal generator should now be in REMOTE The remote indicator n printf annunciator R should appear on the signal generator display n printf n viClose vi closes session vi Close default RM l closes default session Local Lockout Using HP Basic and GPIB This example demonstrates the Local Lockout function Local Lockout disables the front panel signal generator keys basicex2 txt performs the following functions resets instrument places signal generator into local places signal generator into remote The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as basicex2 txt 10 KKKKKKKKKKKKK KKK KKKKKKK KK KARR KK KEK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KAR KK KKK KKK KKK EEG X 20 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples 30 PROGRAM NAME basicex2 txt 40 50 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION In REMOTE mode access to the signa generators 60 functional front panel keys are disabled except for 70 the Local and Contrast keys The LOCAL LOCKOUT 80 command will disable the Local key 90 The LOCAL command executed fromthe
132. LANO Sweeping 3 Enable the LXI Output Event Send the following SCPI command LXI EVENCt LAN ENABled LANO 1 Verifying LXI Output LAN Events using LXI Interactive Peer to peer message transmission can be verified by running LXI Interactive from a PC on the same subnet as the MXA 1 From a PC connected to the same subnet as the instrument go to Start gt All Programs gt Keysight IO Libraries Suite gt Utilities gt Interactive LXI 2 Click the Start button in the LXI Event Receive box 3 Incoming LAN Events will be displayed in the text box If the initial setup had been configured using the front panel as on page 49 or SCPI commands page 50 two LAN Events are expected per sweep the rising and falling edges of the LAN Event LANO Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Configuring LXI Triggers The MXA and MXG are capable of reacting to incoming LXI LAN Events Both instruments may be triggered by the receipt of a peer to peer message Using the front panel to configure an LXI Trigger on the MXG The MXG is capable of reacting to an incoming LXI LAN Event by treating it as a trigger The following procedure describes how to set up the MXG sweep trigger to use an LXI event through the front panel soft keys 1 Select the LXI LAN trigger as the source for sweep triggers Press Sweep More Sweep Trigger More LXI LAN 2 Select a Trigger LAN Event
133. LOCK SIZE int numRead 0 uint retCount 0 i while numRead fs Read readBuf 0 TRANSFER BLOCK SIZE Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 379 380 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files Visalnterop Write device readBuf uint numRead out retCount I Go ahead and set END on writes Visalnterop SetAttribute device VisaAttribute SendEndEnable IH Done with file fs Close else Send an empty definite block WriteDevice device 10 false Declaration of VISA device access constants public enum VisaAccessMode NoLock 0 ExclusivelLock 1 SharedLock 2 LoadConfig 4 Declaration of VISA attribute constants public enum VisaAttribute SendEndEnable Ox3FFF0016 Ti meoutValue Ox3FFF001A This class provides a way to call the unmanaged Keysight 10 Library VISA C Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files functions from the C application public c desc D pub D pub D pub DI pub Dl ll mport agvisa32 dll ass Visalnterop mport agvisa32 ic static extern mport agvisa32 ic static extern mport agvisa32 ic static extern II mport agvisa32 lic static extern uint session string expr dil int
134. N Ping Responses 34 libraries GPIB functionality verifying 26 GPIB I O libraries selecting 10 IO Keysight 2 4 selecting for computer 10 USB 61 ist format downloading SCPI command 355 ist error messages 21 istener 26 ittle endian byte order interleaving and byte swapping 240 oading waveforms 250 ocal echo telnet 42 function 72 ocal lockout function 72 HP Basic using 78 ocation user data file type binary 329 LSB 209 LSB and MSB 332 LSB MSB 305 LXI class B mxg 3 12 LXI B subsystem 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 LXI B synchronizing time 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 M manual 32 manual operation 71 marker file 216 228 MATLAB 11 download utility 254 downloading data 244 programming examples 288 programming introduction 11 Matlab example 158 164 media external flash memory sticks 62 front panel USB 62 non volatile memory Keysight mxg 325 waveform memory 222 internal non volatile memory Keysight mxg 325 waveform memory 222 USB non volatile memory Keysight mxg 325 memory See also media allocation 224 327 checking available 329 defined 222 325 location user data file type available memory checking 329 bit 329 FIR 329 flatness 329 Index instrument state 329 PRAM 329 locations 222 325 non volatile NVWFM 228 signal generator maximum 329 Size 226 328 volatile and non volatile 325 memory usage user file data custom 337 TDMA 337 Microsoft NET Framework overview 371 Mini B 5
135. N Programming Interface Examples ptr t ptr 0 if err return NULL else return result el se FX RRR EGO EGO E E RR RRR RRR EG EGO E EG EGG RRR RRR RR RAR RAK EKER RRR IG E EG RK KEKE Simpler UNIX version using file 1 0 recv version works too This demonstrates how to use file I O on sockets in UNI X EEEAERE EE REL EERE RES RES LEER REE EAE RES ELE DELS LER RAR AE J FILE instFile instFile fdopen sock r if instFile NULL fprintf stderr Unable to create FILE structure s n strerror errno exit 2 return fgets result maxLength instFile dendi f ERED EE ELLE EL ERER ERE EEE EER ERED EER EEE ER ERE OR ERE EERE REE EE E Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 135 136 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples gt Function queryl nstrument Description send a SCPI command to the instrument return a response Parameters 3 FILE s file pointer associated with TCP IP socket const char command SCPI command string char result where to put the result size_t maxLength maximum size of result array in bytes x Return long The number of bytes in result buffer x Errors returns 0 if anything goes wrong LEELA LORE LEAL LD LED LL ALE RR ER RARER RERE RD REIRE RRR AR REE LOR RD PORC ee fro of
136. PIP address of your signal generator in the rm Open declaraion If you are using the GPIB interface in your project use GPIB 19 I NSTR in the rm Open declaration FOX XC ECECEOEOXCEOEOXCXCKCCXCECECEOXCECEOXCXCKCCCECECEOECXCXGOXCG C KARR KK KK KKKK KKK KK EEG EG XX Xx X x x Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 309 310 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Private Sub Download Fil e The following four lines declare 10 objects and instantiate them Dim rm As VisaComLi b ResourceManager Set rm New Agilent RMLi b SRMCI s Dim SigGen As VisaComLi b Formatted 0488 Set SigGen New VisaComLi b Formatted 0488 NOTE Use the IP address of your signal generator in the rm Open declaration Set SigGen 10 rm Open TCPIPO 000 000 000 000 m data As Byte mig data As Byte m FileHandle As Integer m numPoints As Integer m index As Integer m Header As String m response As String m hiByte As String m loByte As String 2 I cue 2S Jer AE GEM e X X m strFilename As String strFilename C 1Q_ DataVB File Name and location on PC Data will be saved to the signal generator s NVWFM USER WAVEFORM IQ DataVB directory FileHandle FreeFile On Error GoTo errorhandl er With SigGen Set up the signal generator to accept a downl oad 10 Timeout 5000 Timeout 50 seconds WriteString RST Reset the signal generator
137. PRAM FILE BLOCk FILE1 d d strlen s bytesToSend iwrite id cmd strlen cmd 0 0 iwrite id databuffer bytesToSend 0 0 iwrite id n 1 1 0 Line Code Description Download PRAM File Data Define an integer variable bytesToS end to store the number of bytes to send to the signal generator Store the total number of PRAM bytes in the integer variable defined in line 1 numbytes contains the length of the databuffer array referenced in line 8 Create a string large enough to hold the bytesToSend value as characters plus a null character value In this code string s is set to 4 bytes 3 characters for the bytesToSend value and one null character one character equals one byte Create a string and set its length cmd 200 to hold the SCPI command syntax and parameters In this code we define the string length as 200 bytes 200 characters Store the value of bytesToS end in string s For this example bytesToSend 240 s 2 240 Store the SCPI command syntax and parameters in the string cmd The SCPI command prepares the signal generator to accept the data sprintf is a standard function in C which writes string data to a string variable strlen is a standard function in C which returns length of a string bytesToSend 240 then s 2 240 plus the null character strlen s 24 so cmd MEM DATA PRAM FILE BLOCk FILE1 3240 Keysight EXG and M
138. Printf vi POW AMPL 2 3 dBm n Set the power level to 2 3 dBm viPrintf vi POW AMPL n Query the power leve viScanf vi t rdBuffer Read the response into rdBuffer printf Source power dBm is sin rdBuffer Print the power level viPrintf vi OUTP STAT ON n Turn source RF state on viPrintf vi OUTP n Query the signal generator s RF state viScanf vi li amp num Read the response integer val ue Print the on off RF state if num 0 printf Source RF state is on n fel sei printf Source RF state is off n printf n printf Verify RF state then press continue n printf n getcn viClear vi viPrintf vi OUTP STAT OFF n Turn source RF state off viPrintf vi OUTP n I Query the signal generator s RF state viScanf vi li amp num Read the response Print the on off RF state if num 0 printf Source RF state is now fel sei printf Source RF state is now on n off n Close the sessions 92 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples printf n viClear vi vi Cl ose vi vi Close def aul t RM Generating an Externally Applied AC Coupled FM Signal Using VISA and C In this example the VISA library is used to generate an ac coupled FM signal at a carrier frequency of 700 MHz a power lev
139. Programming Guide 243 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Downloading Waveform Data Downloading Waveform Data NOTE 244 This section examines methods of downloading I Q waveform data created in MATLAB a simulation software and C an advanced programming language For more information on simulation and advanced programming environments see Creating Waveform Data on page 238 To download data from simulation software environments it is typically easier to use one of the free download utilities described on page 254 because simulation software usually saves the data to a file In MATLAB however you can either save data to a mat file or create a complex array To facilitate downloading a MATLAB complex data array Keysight created the Keysight Waveform Download Assistant one of the free download utilities which downloads the complex data array from within the MATLAB environment This section shows how to use the Waveform Download Assistant For advanced programming languages this section closely examines the code algorithm for downloading I Q waveform data by breaking the programming examples into functional parts and explaining the code in generic terms This is done to help you understand the code algorithm in downloading the interleaved I Q data so you can leverage the concept into your programming environment While not discussed in this section you may also save the data to a binary file and use one of the downlo
140. R RR d 1 19 Troubleshooting is aiee aiaa inata ata aaae a aa aon ad aa a rhe ra erre 1 20 Error MESSAGES canion ure x exe a a E EOE hte God E E CE E EA RU E ERER I RR eu m 1 21 Eror Message Pile s 40 c0cedece pees terari ERE ORE REO dees eh ERU Fun EA E A 1 21 Error Message TYDES ace pec sae nex CR EENEN ENEN ea awe ERO a OE ace 1 22 Using IO Interfaces MEDECIN 2 24 Installing the GPIB Interface iliis hee 2 24 Set Up theiGPIB Interface ex Sex ee EEEER EAM ERR XEETERAX GO RE PE XR ERG i Regg 2 25 Verify GPIB F nctionality Jm rb Ier ERE Ree crear ME s faa abe ew dale wn RR eer lords 2 26 GPIB Interface Tem of exam exe ti e ERG RR e E EE EENET E DENDUM a gg 2 26 GPIB Programming Interface Examples islsssesssssses eee m 2 28 Before Using the GPIB Examples sssssssssessse ee Hm 2 28 Interface Check using HP Basic and GPIB 2 ee e mn 2 28 Interface Check Using NI 488 2 and CH iissssssssssseseee eee 2 29 EIDEM 2 30 Setting Up the LAN Interface seers sus hee RR rreo nn onna EEE eE AARET TE EEE Rx 2 31 Setting up Private LAN xeu xe arEARI EIC RR xD EE RXGU PR ade Na erg 2 33 Verifying LAN Functionality zu eene re copeERwr EE RE eduWie eed RR se ERRORI NOR Depew Rer a a 2 34 Using VXISTI carius deese Db x ari mcs a P ERU Se ee aae Una a ed pp 2 38 Using Sockets LAN 3 55 c0cr ease xa priua wp RR agn rh E ERR Racer ene Pee PU EROR dad 2 39 Using Telnet LAN ya sakasa taata iaa aia aa a a a aaa hm here h
141. RERAIS ARR ed REPAS 5 218 Waveform Phase Continuity 0 0 he 5 219 Phase Discontinuity Distortion and Spectral Regrowth 0 0 cece eee 5 219 Avoiding Phase Discontinuities 0 00 eee Hmm 5 219 Waveform M QMOry unit Shae ak ree icd E ate e e dee pid n d d ack dede ed dde md aaa e edi 5 222 Memory AlloCatloniz cvsiccuas eTYRkkeRey naain eh RRRRERRI CEGYWYEERERER GSg4 Y FREQ Rd abe a 5 224 Memoty SIZe sus votes REEERACReRvEN S RRSER ese ET E ERE GE dee R EU ERE E RES 5 226 Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data assau aaau een 5 228 Waveform Data Encryption cessare EY REEauu ex AGRAR RW CE MR A EE FEE 5 228 File Transfer Methods sese ehem e e bdo dose net eee oe mk e o e t c dd 5 229 SCPI Command Line Structure 5 230 Commands and File Paths for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data aaa aaa 5 230 PTP Procedures u cce ode deus guess datus UR su drea EE a EE A Da eR AR Cre EN 5 234 Creating Waveform Data err RR RE A A ER ES EUER EEE TERESA AEE KE 5 238 Code AlgorithiTig sss rediris yee ev ea uad eanet raad bip idd ewes ede LA S Dee yee ag eee 5 238 Contents vi Downloading Waveform Data 0 ccc cee hn 5 244 Using Simulation SoftWare issis ioi e a aiaiai nett m 5 244 Using Advanced Programming Languages o a s sssaaa 5 246 Loading Playing and Verifying a Downloaded Waveform cc ccc cect eet eee eee tenes 5 250 Loading a File from Non Volatile Memory 2 tenes 5 250 Playing
142. Register System Status Groups Status Groups The Standard Operation Status Group and the Data Questionable Status Group consist of the registers listed below The Standard Event Status Group is similar but does not have negative or positive transition filters or a condition register 184 Condition Register Negative Transition Filter Positive Transition Filter Event Register Event Enable Register A condition register continuously monitors the hardware and firmware status of the signal generator There is no latching or buffering for a condition register it is updated in real time A negative transition filter specifies the bits in the condition register that will set corresponding bits in the event register when the condition bit changes from 1 to 0 A positive transition filter specifies the bits in the condition register that will set corresponding bits in the event register when the condition bit changes from 0 to 1 An event register latches transition events from the condition register as specified by the positive and negative transition filters Once the bits in the event register are set they remain set until cleared by either querying the register contents or sending the CLS command An enable register specifies the bits in the event register that generate the summary bit The signal generator logically AN Ds corresponding bits in the event and enable registers and ORs all the resulting bits to pro
143. Request Interrupt SRQ Using VISA and C on page 112 VXI 11 Programming Using SICL and C on page 118 VXI 11 Programming Using VISA and C on page 120 Sockets LAN Programming and C on page 122 Running C Examples To run the example program State Files cs on page 371 you must have the NET framework installed on your computer You must also have the Keysight IO Libraries installed on your computer The NET framework can be downloaded from the Microsoft website For more information on running C programs using NET framework see Chapter 6 To communicate with the signal generator over the LAN interface you must enable the VXI 11 SCPI service For more information refer to Configuring the VXI 11 Service on page 31 Running Basic Examples The BASIC programming interface examples provided in this chapter use either HP Basic or Visual Basic 6 0 languages Visual Basic 6 0 Programming Examples To run the example programs written in Visual Basic 6 0 you must include references to the IO Libraries For more information on VISA and IO libraries refer to the Keysight VISA User s Manual available on Keysight s website http www keysight com In the Visual Basic IDE Integrated Development Environment go to Project References and place a check mark on the following references Keysight VISA COM Resource Manager 1 0 VISA COM 1 0 Type Library Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generator
144. SrcFile return 0 if fseek file 0 SEEK END lt 0 fprintf stderr Cannot seek to the end of file n return 0 long lenToSend ftell file printf File size d n lenToSend if fseek f le 0 SEEK_SET lt 0 fprintf stderr Cannot seek to the start of file n return 0 char buf new char BUFFER SIZE if buf amp amp lenToSend Prepare and send the SCPI command header char s 20 sprintf s 9d lenToSend int lenLen strlen s 272 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples char 521256 sprintf s2 mmem data s d d instDestFile lenLen enToSend iwrite id s2 strlen s2 0 0 Send file in BUFFER SIZE chunks long numRead do numRead fread buf sizeof char BUFFER SIZE file iwrite id buf numRead 0 0 while numRead BUFFER SIZE Send the terminating newline and EOM Iwritel d An d b Oy delete buf else fprintf stderr Could not allocate memory for copy buffer n fclose file iclose id return 0 Importing and Downloading Using VISA Big Endian Order On the documentation CD this programming example s name is DownLoad Visa c txt This C programming example compiled using Microsoft Visual C 6 0 assumes that the data is in big endian order and performs the following functions
145. T FREQ 5 kHz n Sets FM path 2 to internal at a modulation rate of 5 kHz viPrintf vi FM2 DEV 100 kHz n Sets FM path 2 modulation deviation rate of 100 kHz viPrintf vi FREQ 900 MHz n ll Sets carrier frequency to 900 MHz viPrintf vi POW 15 dBm n Sets the power level to 15 dBm viPrintf vi FM2 STAT ON n Turns on frequency modulation viPrintf vi OUTP STAT ONV n Turns on RF output printf n Prints a carriage return Print user information printf Power level 15 dBm n printf FM state on n printf RF output on n printf Carrier Frequency 900 MHZ n printf Deviation 100 kHZ n printf Internal modulation 5 kHz n printf n Print a carrage return Close the sessions vi Cl ose vi vi Close defaul t RM Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 97 98 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples Generating a Step Swept Signal Using VISA and C In this example the VISA library is used to set the signal generator for a continuous step sweep on a defined set of points from 500 MHz to 800 MHz The number of steps is set for 10 and the dwell time at each step is set to 500 ms The signal generator will then be set to local mode which allows the user to make adjustments from the front panel Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp sour
146. T AG RR EXE WREX aa dk 3 126 Sockets LAN Programming Using AVA is6acucswewss we nrbs dr suana arni a ege ERR 3 152 Sockets LAN Programming Using Perl ssssssssssessse eH me 3 155 TCP IP LAN Programming Using Matlab IH n 3 156 4 Programming the Status Register System OVEIVIEW s seers ireren oero oe be pak GER KEXRRERISGA4 NNERE RERRASSEEXSEYEGXEE eREGIpis 43 EXE RERRRA 4 172 Overall Status Byte Register Systems 0 cect een 4 174 Status Register Bit Values sisse mmm Reo Rh Re b e ale Rd eh 4 176 Example Enable a Register 0 0 0 cee se hh 4 176 Contents Example Query a Register inoia te herded Ret da decr iC dde dedo e e rae a edet 4 176 Accessing Status Register Information 0 0 cee teen hn 4 177 Determining What to Monitor sics aas ss mamined eran aana rh 4 177 Deciding How to Monitor 0 nananana nannan mee 4 177 Status Register SCPI Commands xut xx mee ER ER eee EER EC EREA EEEN 4 180 Status Byte GIOUD iex cesa peed PEG o m ER E TOW Tae e red RR ERE FG eee VALEUR RR dor 4 182 Status Byte Register vc oA x xe RA E WERE rad ee E CERES UE RR ae TIG 4 183 Service iRequest Enable Register zs sesso eR uk Ra REREERPEVRERURISWEREPEIGGRRRSS 4 183 SEdEUS GTOM DS os daro a aie ont c ice e cedi Cota ne pU UR a sd ue Pe Uh DR ete CR ay e UR UR Ea 4 184 Standard Event Status Group sess ee er emen ene UR che deis Re Ra n c n eee 4 185 Standard Operation Status Group 0 eee hme 4 187 D
147. TAT ON n Turns on RF output Print user information printf Power level 2 5 dBm n printf FM state on n printf RF output on n printf Carrier Frequency 700 MHZ n printf Deviation 20 kHZ n printf EXT2 and AC coupling are selected n printf n Prints a carrage return Close the sessions viClose vi vi Close def aul t RM Generating an Internal FM Signal Using VISA and C In this example the VISA library is used to generate an internal FM signal at a carrier frequency of 900 MHz and a power level of 15 dBm The FM rate will be 5 kHz and the peak deviation will be 100 kHz Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp source file visaexe cpp performs the following functions error checking resets the signal generator sets up the signal generator for FM path 2 and internal FM rate of 5 kHz sets up FM path 2 deviation to 100 kHz sets carrier frequency to 900 MHz sets the power level to 15 dBm turns on frequency modulation and RF output The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaexe cpp Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 95 96 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples f RERREESEEEEEREEEALE EERE SERS EGRE OPE ERE EEE REESE RE EEE REESE SEER RE PROGRAM
148. TRL Microsoft Telnet gt The Standard UNIX Telnet Command Synopsis telnet host port Description This command is used to communicate with another host using the Telnet protocol When the command telnet is invoked with host or port arguments a connection is opened to the host and Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Using IO Interfaces Using LAN input is sent from the user to the host Options and Parameters The command telnet operates in character at a time or line by line mode In line by line mode typed text is echoed to the screen When the line is completed by pressing the Enter key the text line is sent to nost In character at a time mode text is echoed to the screen and sent to host as it is typed At the UNIX prompt type man telnet to view the options and parameters available with the telnet command If your Telnet connection is in line by line mode there is no local echo This means you cannot see the characters you are typing until you press the Enter key To remedy this change your Telnet connection to character by character mode Escape out of Telnet and at the telnet prompt type mode char If this does not work consult your Telnet program s documentation Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 43 NOTE 44 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Unix Telnet Example To connect to the instru
149. This becomes more noticeable at higher rates of LXI event traffic By default the subsystem is disabled To enable the LXI event subsystem from the front panel Press Utility gt More gt LXI B gt LXI B Enabled To enable or disable the LXI event subsystem from SCPI LXI STATe ON OFF The LXI Event subsystem state is a persistent instrument state it is not affected by normal preset operations Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 49 50 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Using the Front Panel to Configure LXI Events The MXG can be configured to send output LAN events for the pre defined LXI events through the front panel softkeys 1 Press Utility More gt LXI B gt Configure LXI Events gt Configure LXI Output Events 2 From the Output Events menu Press Select Source Choose the instrument status event to be used as a source for the output LAN event 3 Press Toggle Event State to enable the highlighted output LAN event Using SCPI to configure an LXI Output Events More configuration options and the ability to configure custom events are available to the system integrator through SCPI commands The following procedure provides a minimum set of commands to configure an output LAN event Refer to the SCPI Command Reference 1 Reset the MXG Send the following SCPI command RST 2 Set the LXI Output LAN Event s source Send the following SCPI command LXI EVENt LAN SOURCe
150. User FIR filter has too many coefficients EApO fs Aes too NUEN data The filter specification cannot have more than 1024 taps 2048 coefficients for a complex filter Data Requirements Data must be in ASCII format Downloads must be in list format Filters containing more symbols than the hardware allows 32 for real time modulation filters 512 for Arb Custom Modulation filters and 256 for Equalization filters will not be selectable for the configuration Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 391 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Data Transfer Troubleshooting 392 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Index Symbols NET framework 369 Numerics 2 s complement data format 214 A abort function 70 address GPIB address 25 IP address 31 ARB waveform file downloads data requirements waveform 207 download utilities 206 waveform download utilities 254 ASCII data 73 Auto IP 33 AUXILIARY INTERFACE See RS 232 BASIC ABORT 70 CLEAR 73 ENTER 74 LOCAL 72 73 LOCAL LOCKOUT 72 OUTPUT 73 REMOTE 71 See HP BASIC big endian byte order interleaving and byte swapping 240 changing byte order 210 example programming 305 binary data framed 336 unframed 335 file downloads commands 343 modifying hex editor 346 bit file downloads and commands 342 modifying hex editor 346 order user file 332 status monitoring 177 values 176 bi
151. Using IO Interfaces Using USB USB cables are not industrial graded and potentially allows data loss in noisy environments USB cables do not have a latching mechanism and the cables can be pulled out of the PC or instrument relatively easily The maximum length for USB cables is 30 m including the use of inline repeaters The USB 2 0 interface supports USBTMC or USBTMC USB488 specifications For more information on connecting instruments to the USB refer to the Keysight Connection Expert in the Keysight IO Libraries Help USB 2 0 connectors can be used to communicate with the signal generator N51xxA MXG signal generators are equipped with a Mini B 5 pin rear panel connector device USB N51xxB EXG MXG signal generators are equipped with a Type B rear panel connector device USB Use a Type A to Mini USB 5 pin cable to connect the signal generator to the computer Refer to Setting Up the USB Interface on page 61 Connect the Type A front panel connector host USB can be used to connect a mouse a keyboard or a USB 1 1 2 0 flash drive USB media Refer to the User s Guide ARB waveform encryption of proprietary information is supported Many functions provided by GPIB including GET non SCPI remote languages and remote mode are available using the USB interface For a list of compatible flash drives to use with the USB external interface Refer to http www keysight com find mxg Do not use the front panel USB Type
152. VISA Assistant VISA is an industry standard IO library API It allows the user to send SCPI commands to instruments and to read instrument data in a variety of formats Refer to the VISA Assistant Help menu and the Keysight VISA User s Manual available on Keysight s website for more information VISA Configuration Automatic 1 Run the VISA Assistant program Start gt All Programs gt Keysight IO Libraries Suite gt Keysight Connection Expert gt Tools gt Visa Assistant gt 2 Click on the interface you want to use for sending commands to the signal generator 3 Click the Formatted I O tab 4 Select SCPI in the Instr Lang section You can enter SCPI commands in the text box and send the command using the viPrintf button Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation IO Libraries and Programming Languages Using VISA Configuration Manual Use the Keysight IO Libraries Suite 15 0 to perform the following steps to use the Connection Expert and VISA to manually configure an interface 1 Run the Keysight Connection Expert program Start gt All Programs gt Keysight IO Libraries Suite Keysight Connection Expert On the tool bar select the Add Interface button Click LAN Interface in the Available interface types text box Click the ADD button Verify that the Auto automatically detect protocol bubble is checked Click O K to use the
153. Visual C project The int main function in the lanio cpp file will allow commands to be sent to the signal generator in a line by line format the user types in SCPI commands The int main1 0 function can be used to output a sequence of commands in a program format See Programming Using main1 Function below 2 Click Rebuild All from Build menu Then Click Execute Lanio exe The Debug window will appear with a prompt Press any key to continue This indicates that the program has compiled and can be used to send commands to the signal generator 3 Click Start click Programs then click Command Prompt The command prompt window will appear 4 At the command prompt cd to the directory containing the lanio exe file and then to the Debug folder For example C Socket IO Lanio Debug 5 After you cd to the directory where the lanio exe file is located type in the following command at the command prompt lanio xxxxx IDN For example C SocketIO Lanio Debug gt lanio xxxxx IDN where the xxxxx is the hostname of your signal generator Use this format to output SCPI commands to the signal generator in a line by line format from the command prompt 6 Type exit at the command prompt to quit the program Programming Using main1 Function The int main1 function will output a sequence of commands in a program format If you want to run a program using a sequence of commands then perform the following 1
154. Window PC or UNIX 1 From the PC command prompt or UNIX command line change to the proper directory When downloading from the signal generator the directory in which to place the file When downloading to the signal generator the directory that contains the file 2 From the PC command prompt or UNIX command line type tp instrument name gt Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 347 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Where instrument name is the signal generator s hostname or IP address 3 At the User prompt press Enter no entry is required 4 At the Password prompt press Enter no entry is required 5 At the ftp prompt type the desired command To Get a File From the Signal Generator get user directory file namel file name gt To Place a File in the Signal Generator put file name user directory file namel gt file namel is the name of the file as it appears in the signal generator s directory file name is the name of the file as it appears in the PC UNIX current directory directory is the signal generator s BIT or BIN directory 6 Atthe tp prompt type bye 7 At the command prompt type exit Real Time Custom High Data Rates Custom has two modes for processing data serial and parallel When the data bit rate exceeds 50 Mbps the signal generator processes da
155. XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 357 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads Line Code Description Download PRAM File Data Send the SCPI command stored in the string cmd to the signal generator contained in the variable id iwrite is a SICL function in Keysight IO library which writes the data block data specified in the string cmd to the signal generator The third argument of iwrite strlen cmd informs the signal generator of the number of bytes in the command string The signal generator parses the string to determine the number of data bytes it expects to receive The fourth argument of iwrite 0 means there is no END of file indicator for the string This lets the session remain open so the program can download the PRAM file data Send the PRAM file data stored in the array databuffer to the signal generator iwrite sends the data specified in databuffer PRAM data to the signal generator session identifier specified in id Thethird argument of iwrite bytesToSend contains the length ofthe databuffer in bytes In this example it is 240 The fourth argument of iwrite 0 means there is no END of file indicator in the data In many programming languages there are two methods to send SCPI commands and data Method 1 where the program stops the data download when it encounters the first zero END indicator i
156. a 2 40 Using FTP isse cct t neto eite oc ene en te d C Rede tot oe e RR e e rd 2 44 Using LXI Class B Features N51xxA MXG Signal Generators Only 0 00 0 cece eee eee 2 46 SEDET 2 60 Selecting VO Libraries for USB icu a tevdedspaddedentereseas Meee die RERRPEERERRR4Sd 2 61 Contents Setting Up the USB Interface cese mee ent ee ok ee Re Rd e e d nee ee e de e 2 61 3 Programming Examples Using the Programming Interface Examples 0 cc cece nn 3 64 Programming Examples Development Environment isssssssssse eee nen 3 64 Running C EFPrograms 1223s EPke RR pe EENEN PEE ADNANE EE PR RR REG SR EREEGRRRRRES 3 65 RUNNING CX EXamples zi x uem ih e d ied Sex RO PRO EUER TR NEUEN RC RO RR EO X eue 3 66 Running Basic Examples cccesetiwk ke re DEXTRO EGRuRR RE GR EY RW BRYXGR e ddb der d Le ene OR ER ed 3 66 Running ava Examples 4o ret xxx E RePEc E Na Xu xa NUEVA au e NUS ARR Ra a 3 67 Running MATLAB Examples nc sisse aur eem RR e d a e RR RR ee me men ht e RR 3 68 Running Perl Examples 6 0 0c ehh 3 68 USING GPIB RP 3 69 Installing the GPIB Interface Card 1 2 cee cette Hn 3 69 GPIB Programming Interface ExampleS 0 ccc ect e mn 3 70 Before Using the GPIB Examples 200 0000040eu fee ne bes met RR R9 EEEEE ERR RS 3 70 GPIB Function Statements Command Messages isssssssssssee e n 3 70 Interface Check using HP Basic and GPIB 1 ee men 3 74 Interface Check Using NI 488 2 and CH
157. a Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads Modulating and Activating the Carrier Use the following commands to modulate the carrier and turn on the RF output For a complete listing of SPCI commands refer to the SCPI Command Reference FREQuency FIXed 1 8GHZ POWer LEVel 10 0DBM OUTPut MODulation STATe ON OUTPut STATe ON Storing a PRAM File to Non Volatile Memory and Restoring to Volatile Memory After you download the file to volatile memory waveform memory you can then save it to non volatile memory Remember that a PRAM file downloads to waveform memory Conversely when you store a PRAM file to non volatile memory it uses the same directory as waveform files When storing or restoring a file you must include the file path as part of the file name variable Command Syntax The first file name variable is the current location of the file and its name the second file name variable is the destination to store the file and its name There are three ways to format the file name variable to include the file path Volatile Memory to Non Volatile Memory MEMory COPY WFM1 file name NVWFM file name MEMory COPY file nameGWFM1 file nameGNVWFM MEMory COPY luser bbgl waveform file name user waveform file name Non Volatile Memory to Volatile Memory MEMory COPY NVWFM file name WFM1 file name MEMory COPY file nameGNVWFM file nameGWFM1 MEMory COPY luser waveform file name user bbgl wa
158. a Questionable BERT Transition Filters negative and positive the Data Questionable BERT Event Register and the Data Questionable BERT Event Enable Register No Clock No Data Change PRBS Sync Loss Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Always Zero 0 Data QUEStionable BERT 15 14 13 12 41 009876 5432 1 0 Condition Register Beaune EERE EE ZET Zz Zz Positive 15 14 13 12111098 76543210 Transition Filter Data QUES ORADS Ry rt b t dt ttvtvt ivt ttti Negative Transition Filter STENHNEEZEIZZZZZEZE t S bl paa QUESSU Fae 44 484 42 44109 87 854 3 21 0 Event Register Event 15 14 13 12 131109 87 65 432 1 0 Enable Register To Data Questionable Status Register Bit 12 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable BERT Condition Register The Data Questionable BERT Condition Register continuously monitors the hardware and firmware status of the signal generator Condition registers are read only Table 4 8 Data Questionable BERT Condition Register Bits Bit Description 0 No Clock A 1 in this bit position indicates no clock input for more than 3 seconds 1 No Data Change A 1 in this bit position indicates no data change occurred during the last 200 clock signals 2 PRBS Sync Loss A 1 is set while PRBS synchronization is not establish
159. a and the Q waveform data is put into an array of integers called Qwfm data The variable Nbytes is set to equal the number of bytes in the waveform data This should be twice the number of integers in Iwfm data since an integer is 2 bytes Input integers must be between 0 and 16383 In the Output commands USING k formats the data The pound symbol 4 Suppresses the automatic EOL End of Line output This allows multiple output commands to be concatenated as if they were a single output The x instructs HP Basic to output the following numbers or strings in the default format 10 I RE SAVE ARB IQ Win file 20 Num poi nts 200 30 ALLOCATE INTEGER wfm data 1 Num poi nts Quf m data 1 Num points 40 DEG 50 FOR 21 TO Num poi nts 60 wf mdata I NT 8191 SI N 1 360 Num poi nts 8192 10 Quf m data l I NT 8191 COS 1 360 Num points 8192 80 NEXT 90 PRINT Data Generated 100 Nbytes 2 Num points 110 ASSIGN QEsg TO 719 120 LASSI GN Esgb TO 719 FORMAT MSB FIRST 130 Nbytes VAL Nbytes 140 Ndi gi tszLEN Nbytes 150 Ndigits zVALS Ndi gi ts 160 OUTPUT Esg USING 2 K MMEM DATA ARBI file name 1 170 OUTPUT Esg USING 2 K Ndi gi ts 180 OUTPUT QEsg USING s K Nbytes 190 OUTPUT QEsgb lwfm data 200 OUTPUT QEsg END 210 OUTPUT Esg USING K MMEM DATA ARBQ file name 1 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Genera
160. aces 1 Install GPIB interface boards before running IO Config You can also connect GPIB instruments using the Keysight 82357A USB GPIB Interface Converter which eliminates the need for a GPIB card For more information go to http www keysight com find gpib 2 Run the IO Config program The program automatically identifies available interfaces 3 Click on the interface type you want to configure such as GPIB in the Available Interface Types text box 4 Click the Configure button Set the Default Protocol to AUTO 5 Click OK to use the default settings 6 Click OK to exit the IO Config program VISA Assistant VISA is an industry standard IO library API It allows the user to send SCPI commands to instruments and to read instrument data in a variety of formats You can use the VISA Assistant available with the Keysight IO Libraries versions M and earlier to send commands to the signal generator If the interface you want to use does not appear in the VISA Assistant then you must Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation IO Libraries and Programming Languages manually configure the interface See the Manual VISA Configuration section below Refer to the VISA Assistant Help menu and the Keysight VISA User s Manual available on Keysight s website for more information VISA Configuration Automatic 1 Run the VISA Assistant program 2 Click on the in
161. ad utilities to download the waveform data see Using the Download Utilities on page 254 If you do not need the level of detail this section provides you can find complete programming examples in Programming Examples on page 257 Prior to downloading the I Q data ensure that it conforms to the data requirements shown on page 207 To learn about I Q data for the signal generator see Understanding Waveform Data on page 208 For creating waveform data see Creating Waveform Data on page 238 To avoid overwriting the current waveform in volatile memory before downloading files into volatile memory WFM1 change the file name or turn off the ARB For more information on manually turning off the ARB refer to the User s Guide To turn off the ARB remotely send SOURce RADio ARB STATe OFF Using Simulation Software This procedure uses a complex data array created in MATLAB and uses the Keysight Waveform Download Assistant to download the data To obtain the Keysight Waveform Download Assistant see Using the Download Utilities on page 254 There are two steps in the process of downloading an Q waveform 1 Open a connection session Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Line ue WN Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Downloading Waveform Data 2 Download the I Q data 1 Open a connection session with the signal generator The following code establishes a LAN connection
162. addr in include lt netdb h gt for gethostbyname e Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples define SOCKET ERROR 1 define INVALID SOCKET 1 typedef int SOCKET endif WINSOCK ifdef WINSOCK Declared in getopt c See example programs disk extern char optarg extern int optind extern int getopt int argc char const argv const char optstring else include lt unistd h gt for getopt 3C endi f define COMMAND ERROR 1 define NO CMD ERROR 0 define SCPI PORT 5025 define NPUT BUF SIZE 64 1024 REEERLLEES LLL ASAD LD EDEL LS ORD AES AL RE TD ORS RRR CIE UG RARO TEUER R Display usage ERLE SORE SAL DR ES EE ED EAD SERRA RE AEA SSE EO PORRO ROC E RE eo ee n static void usage char basename fprintf stderr Usage s nqu hostname lt command gt n basename Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 129 130 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples fprintf stderr s nqu hostname lt stdin n basename fprintf stderr n number output lines n fprintf stderr q quiet do NOT echo lines n fprintf stderr e show messages in error queue when done n ifdef WINSOCK int init_winsock void WORD wVersionRequested WSADATA wsaData int err wVersionRequested MAKEWORD
163. afx h include lt iostream gt include windows h include Decl 32 h using namespace std int GPIBO 0 l Board handle Addr4882 t Address 31 Declares a variable of type Addr4882 t int main int sig Declares variable to hold interface descriptor sig ibdev 0 19 0 13 1 0 Opens and initialize a device descriptor ibclr sig Sends GPIB Selected Device Clear SDC message ibwrt sig RST 4 Places signal generator in a defined state cout The signal generator should now be in REMOTE The remote mode R lt lt endl cout annunciator should appear on the signal generator display endl cout lt lt Press Enter to conti nue endl cin ignore 10000 n Send FC GPI B0 Resets the GPIB interface Address 0 219 l Signal generator s address Address 1 NOADDR l Signifies end element in array Defined in I DECL 32 H Set RW S GPIBO Address Places device in Remote with Lockout State cout lt lt The signal generator should now be in LOCAL LOCKOUT Verify that all keys endl cout including the Local key are disabled Contrast keys are not affected endl Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 81 82 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples cout lt lt Press Enter to conti nue endl n ignore 10000 1n C ibloc sig Returns signal generator to loc
164. aits for keyboard user input viPrintf vi STAT QUES MOD ENAB 16 n Enables the Data Questionable Modulation Condition Regi ster l bits 0 1 2 3 and 4 viPrintf vi STAT QUES MOD COND n Querys the register for any l set bits viScanf vi s rdBuffer Reads the deci mal sum of the l set bits num int rdBuffer 1 0 Converts string data to numeric switch num Based on the deci mal val ue case 1 printf Signal Generator Modulation 1 Under mod n Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples printf n break case 2 printf Signal Generator Modulation 1 Overmod n printf n break case 4 printf Signal Generator Modulation 2 Undermod n printf n break case 8 printf Signal Generator Modulation 2 Overmod n pir imr etim as break case 16 printf Signal Generator Modulation Uncalibrated n pir rmt t Cn ga break default printf No Problems with Modulationin printf n Close the sessions viClose vi vi Close defaul t RM Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 112 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples Reading the Service Request Interrupt SRQ Using VISA and C This example demonstrates use of the Service Request SRQ interrupt By using the SRQ the computer can
165. al Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Calibration Event Enable Register The Data Questionable Calibration Event Enable Register lets you choose which bits in the Data Questionable Calibration Event Register set the summary bit bit 8 of the Data Questionable Condition register to 1 Command STATus QUEStionable CALibration ENABle value where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable Example Enable bit 1 and bit 0 so that whenever either of those bits are set to 1 the Data Questionable Calibration summary bit of the Data Questionable Condition Register is set to 1 Send the command STAT QUES CAL ENAB 3 2 1 Query STATus QUEStionable CALibration ENABle Response Decimal value of the sum of the bits previously enabled with the STATus QUEStionable CALibration ENABle value command Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 201 NOTE 202 Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable BERT Status Group This status group applies only to signal generator models with Option UN7 Refer to Table 4 8 on page 203 for more information The Data Questionable BERT Status Group is used to determine the specific event that set bit 12 in the Data Questionable Condition Register The Data Questionable Status group consists of the Data Questionable BERT Condition Register the Dat
166. al Instruments Corporation Set Up the GPIB Interface Enter the GPIB address as shown in Figure 2 1 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 25 Using IO Interfaces Using GPIB Figure 2 1 Setting the GPIB Address Utility SCPI commands SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB ADDRess number i SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB ADDRess 1 0 Config GPIB Setup gt lt Enter DEIN Ed essem g E nome tmn 5 Default address 19 Power On Preset Remote Language SCPI For details on each key use the key help Refer to Getting Key Help on page 19 and the User s Guide For additional SCPI command information refer to the SCPI Command Reference Connect a GPIB interface cable between the signal generator and the computer The following table lists cable part numbers Model 10833A 10833B 10833C 10833D 10833F 10833G Length 1 meter 2 meters 4 meters 5 meter 6 meters 8 meters Verify GPIB Functionality To verify GPIB functionality use the VISA Assistant available with the Keysight IO Library or the Getting Started Wizard available with the National Instrument IO Library These utility programs enable you to communicate with the signal generator and verify its operation over GPIB For information and instructions on running these programs refer to the Help menu available in each utility If You Have Problems 1 Verify that the signal generator s address
167. al control cout endl cout lt lt The signal generator should now be in local mode n return 0 Queries Using HP Basic and GPIB This example demonstrates signal generator query commands The signal generator can be queried for conditions and setup parameters Query commands are identified by the question mark as in the identify command IDN basicex3 txt performs the following functions Clears the signal generator queries the signal generator s settings The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as basicex3 txt 10 Xo E GGG REGIE EGG E EG GG o KG EEEE EEE EEEE EE EEEE EE EEE RRA EEE EEE EEEE EE EEEE 20 30 PROGRAM NAME basicex3 txt 40 50 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION In this example query commands are used with response 60 data formats 70 80 CLEAR and RESET the controller and RUN the following program 90 100 XE EEES EEEE EEEE EEI EEE EEEE EEE EEEE EEEE EE E GIG E EEEE TE EEE EEE EGG RRA KEKE 110 120 DIM A 10 C 100 D 10 Declares variables to hold string response data 130 INTEGER B Declares variable to hold i nteger response data Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples 140 Sig genz719 Declares variable to hold signa generator address 150 LOCAL Sig gen Puts signal generator in Loca mode 160 CLEAR Sig gen R
168. al error The output of the source has no validity until the condition of this bit is 0 I Q Calibration Failure A 1 in this bit position indicates that the I Q modulation calibration experienced a failure Unused These bits are always set to 0 Table 4 7 Bit 0 1 2 14 15 200 Query Always 0 STATus QUEStionable CALibration CONDition Response The decimal sum of the bits set to 1 Data Questionable Calibration Transition Filters negative and positive The Data Questionable Calibration Transition Filters specify which type of bit state changes in the condition register set corresponding bits in the event register Changes can be positive 0 to 1 or negative 1 to 0 Commands STATus QUEStionable CALibration NTRansition value negative transition Queries Query or STATus QUEStionable CALibration PTRansition value positive transition where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable STATus QUEStionable CALibration NTRansition STATus QUEStionable CALibration PTRansition Data Questionable Calibration Event Register The Data Questionable Calibration Event Register latches transition events from the condition register as specified by the transition filters Event registers are destructive read only Reading data from an event register clears the content of that register STATus QUEStionable CALibration EVENt Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Sign
169. amming Guide 145 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples if strlen charBuf continue if charBuf charBuf continue strcat charBuf n if quiet if number char num 10 sprintf num d number fwrite num strlen num 1 stdout fwrite charBuf strlen charBuf 1 stdout fflush stdout if isQuery charBuf long buf Bytes Put the query response into the same buffer as the command string appended after the null terminator buf Bytes queryl nstrument instSock charBuf charBuf strlen char Buf 1 NPUT BUF SIZE strlen charBuf 146 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples if quiet fwrite 2 1 stdout fwrite charBuf strlen charBuf 1 bufBytes 1 stdout fwrite n 1 1 stdout fflush stdout else commandinstrument instSock charBuf if number number if show errs showErrors instSock ifdef WINSOCK closesocket instSock close winsock el se close instSock endif WINSOCK return 0 End of lanio cpp Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 147 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples ELAR ELE EERE EERE EEA EAS RR ARERR RAL ARLE ERASER EL RO ROBORE Roe f Function mainl j D
170. an set and query individual status registers using the commands in the STATus subsystem CLS clear status clears the Status Byte Register by emptying the error queue and clearing all the event registers ESE ESE event status enable sets and queries the bits in the Standard Event Enable Register which is part of the Standard Event Status Group ESR event status register queries and clears the Standard Event Status Register which is part of the Standard Event Status Group OPC OPC operation complete sets bit 40 in the Standard Event Status Register to 1 when all commands have completed The query stops any new commands from being processed until the current processing is complete then returns a 1 PSC PSC power on state clear sets the power on state so that it clears the Service Request Enable Register the Standard Event Status Enable Register and device specific event enable registers at power on The query returns the flag setting from the PSC command SRE SRE service request enable sets and queries the value of the Service Request Enable Register STB status byte queries the value of the status byte register without erasing its contents STATus PRESet presets all transition filters non IEEE 488 2 enable registers and error event queue enable registers Refer to Table Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Accessing St
171. and GPIB on page 74 or to the signal generator s documentation CD ROM 160 Sig genz719 Declares a variable to hold the signal generator s address 170 LOCAL Sig gen 180 CLEAR Sig gen parser 190 REMOTE 719 uts the signal generator into remote mode 200 CLEAR SCREEN Clears the controllers display mi aces the signal generator into Local mode c ears any pending data 1 0 and resets the o Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces GPIB Programming Interface Examples 210 REMOTE 719 220 OUTPUT Sig gen RST Places the signal generator into a defined state Interface Check Using NI 488 2 and C This portion of the example program Interface Check Using NI 488 2 and C on page 29 uses the NI 488 2 library to verify that the GPIB connections and interface are functional The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as niex1 cpp For the full text of this program refer to Interface Check Using NI 488 2 and C on page 75 or to the signal generator s documentation CD ROM include stdafx h include lt iostream gt include windows h include Decl 32 h using namespace std int GPIBO 0 Board handle Addr4882 t Address 31 Declares an array of type Addr4882 t int main void int sig Declares a device descriptor variable sig ibdev 0 19 0 13 1 0 Aquires a device de
172. and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 215 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples status viOpen defaultRM instOpenString VI NULL VI NULL amp vi if status If any errors then display the error and exit the program fprintf stderr viOpen failed s n instOpenString return 1 FILE file fopen localSrcFile rb Open local source file for binary reading if file If any errors display the error and exit the program fprintf stderr Could not open file s n local SrcFile return 0 if fseek file 0 SEEK END lt 0 fprintf stderr Cannot lseek to the end of file n return 0 long lenToSend ftell file Number of bytes in the file printf File size d n lenToSend if fseek f le 0 SEEK SET lt 0 fprintf stderr Cannot seek to the start of file n return 0 276 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples unsigned char buf new unsigned char BUFFER SIZE Allocate char buffer memory if buf amp amp lenToSend Do not send the EO end of instruction terminator on any write except the last one viSetAttribute vi VI ATTR SEND END EN 0 Prepare and send the SCPI command header char s 20 sprintf s 9d lenToSend int lenLen strlen s unsigned char s2 256 II Wr
173. and positive the Data Questionable Calibration Event Register and the Data Questionable Calibration Event Enable Register NOTE Some signal generator models may use only a subset of the status registers shown DCFM Calibration Failure I Q Calibration Failure Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Always Zero 0 Data QUEStionable Condition Register 5 14 13 12 1110987654321 0 Dalaauesionale Y 3 3 3 3 VY VELIT ELTI S ransition Filter Data Questionable Y Y V Y Y VY VYVYY Y Y Y Y Y peers Transition Filter Foy vy Y Y VY Y vvv Y Y v v v Data Questionable is 44 43 12 1 109876543210 Event Register OS PEER m EEE e Saar E A EE E E ES E E A A Ea Bataauestionable titi 15 14 13 12111009 8706 54 3210 vent Enable Register To Data Questionable Status Register Bit 8 ck720a Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 199 Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Calibration Condition Register The Data Questionable Calibration Condition Register continuously monitors the calibration status of the signal generator Condition registers are read only Data Questionable Calibration Condition Register Bits Description DCFM Calibration Failure A 1 in this bit position indicates that the DCFM zero calibration routine has failed This is a critic
174. and talk to signal generator Send query results to stdout Return int non zero if an error occurs ELE LEAL LL ELEN LAR ERLE EA SAS LEASES EL LEAL EL ESA LS LE LES ORL e eee eoe n int main int argc char argv SOCKET instSock char charBuf char malloc INPUT BUF SIZE char basename int chr char command 1024 142 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples char destination unsigned char quiet 0 unsigned char show errs 0 int number 0 basename strrchr argv 0 if basename NULL basenamet else basename argv 0 while chr getopt argc argv qune EOF switch chr case q quiet 1 break case n number 1 break case e show errs 1 break case u case usage basename exit 1 now look for hostname and optional lt command gt if optind lt argc destination argv optind t strcpy command if optind lt argc while optind lt argc hostname command provided only one command string strcat command argv optind44 if optind argc strcat command Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 143 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples else strcat command in else Only hostname
175. andard Operation Event Register set the summary bit bit 7 of the Status Byte Register to 1 Command STATus OPERation ENABle value where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable Example To enable bit 5and bit 3 so that whenever either of those bits are set to 1 the Standard Operation Status summary bit of the Status Byte Register is set to 1 Send the command STAT OPER ENAB 40 32 8 Query STATus OPERation ENABle Response Decimal value of the sum of the bits previously enabled with the STATus OPERat ion ENABle value command Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 189 Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Status Group NOTE Some of the bits in this status group do not apply to all models and return zero when queried See Table 4 4 on page 191 for more information The Data Questionable Status Group is used to determine the specific event that set bit 3 in the Status Byte Register This group consists of the Data Questionable Condition Register the Data Questionable Transition Filters negative and positive the Data Questionable Event Register and the Data Questionable Event Enable Register NOTE i Unused Some signal Unused generator Unused POWer summary models may i d use only a subset of the status registers shown FREQuency summary Unused Unused CALibra
176. aries versions M and earlier and apply only to the Windows NT platform Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 35 NOTE 36 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Using VISA Assistant Use the VISA Assistant available with the Keysight IO Library versions M and earlier to communicate with the signal generator over the LAN interface However you must manually configure the VISA LAN client Refer to the Help menu for instructions on configuring and running the VISA Assistant program on OO Ui RP WN P Run the IO Config program Click on TCPIPO in the Available Interface Types text box Click the Configure button Then Click OK to use the default settings Click on TCPIPO in the Configured Interfaces text box Click Edit Click the Edit VISA Config button Click the Add device button Enter the TCPIP address of the signal generator Leave the Device text box empty Click the OK button in this form and all subsequent forms to exit the IO Config program If You Have Problems 1 Verify the signal generator s IP address is valid and that no other instrument is using the IP address Switch between manual LAN configuration and DHCP using the front panel LAN Config softkey and run the ping program using the different IP addresses For Keysight IO Libraries versions M and earlier you must manually configure the VISA LAN client in the IO Config program if you want t
177. art of the download In this situation the signal generator sets the file header information to unspecified no settings saved and sets all markers to zero off There are three ways to download waveform files FTP programmatically or using one of the available free download utilities created by Keysight Technologies N7622A Signal Studio Toolkit 2 http www keysight com find signalstudio Keysight Waveform Download Assistant for use only with MATLAB http www keysight com find downloadassistant Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Overview of Downloading and Extracting Waveform Files Waveform Data Requirements To be successful in downloading files you must first create the data in the required format Signed 2 s complement 2 byte integer values Input data range of 32768 to 32767 Minimum of 60 samples per waveform 60 and 60 Q data points Interleaved and Q data Big endian byte order The same name for the marker header and l Q file This is only a requirement if you create and download a marker file and or file header otherwise the signal generator automatically creates the marker file and or file header using the I Q data file name NOTE FTP can be used without programming commands to transfer files from the PC to the signal generator or from the signal generator to the PC For more information see
178. ata see page 355 because it does not have to parse the data When Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 355 356 MEMory DATA PRAM FILE BLOCk Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads creating the data remember that the signal generator requires a minimum of 60 bytes For more information on file size limits see PRAM File Size on page 353 Command Syntax MEMory DATA PRAM FILE BLOCk lt file name gt lt blockdata gt The following sections explain how to format the SCPI command for downloading block data Command Syntax Example Command Syntax in a Program Routine Command Syntax Example This example conceptually describes how to format a block data download command ABC represents the block data MEMory DATA PRAM FILE BLOCk file name gt ABC lt file name gt the file name as it will appear in the signal generator indicates the start of the block data A the number of decimal digits present in B B a decimal number specifying the number of data bytes to follow in C e the PRAM file data in bytes my file 324012 5 14 amp 07 8g Y9 7 file_name A B C my file the PRAM file name as it will appear in the signal generator s WFM1 memory catalog indicates the start of the block data 3 B has three decimal digits 240 240 bytes of data to follow in C 12 S 4 amp 07 8g Y9 7 the ASCII representation of so
179. ata Questionable Status Group 1 ee eee hs 4 190 Data Questionable Power Status Group 1 6 00 cece enn 4 193 Data Questionable Frequency Status Group 1 isis hh 4 196 Data Questionable Calibration Status Group 6 tee 4 199 Data Questionable BERT Status Group csse eek Ra ae kh yea ka ee ey E e RA ee ees 4 202 5 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Overview of Downloading and Extracting Waveform Files 0 00 cece eet eet m 5 206 Waveform Data Requirements isissssssssessse ees 5 207 Understanding Waveform Data a 3 exa EXE RER RR ERE ERE EEXCA PR EIRpraYEENE Reden 5 208 Bits and Bytes cis sosueuiuwetk pap x uuena a ia E ENREREedd dde EY Kidd d 5 208 ESB and MSB Bib ORE xcci parue EX qu X3 cc eee CRX Gk e Pace EN ERECTA GG rd een 5 209 Little Endian and Big Endian Byte Order 1 ccc ccc eee crete mmm 5 209 Byte SWaPDINGictacser cot unanenena Cath avaunnnn oe he ed Tone asew reenter age hes 5 210 DAC Input Val es isse re Rem eter ad dede che Ewa ead d ded Rete aeons 5 211 2 s Complement Data Format 0 0 c cc ene hh 5 214 land Q Initerleavitig a3 ccc d iue e cec en nn aa Deci t ae n edad a e TR 5 214 Waveform Structure nee rh rh 5 216 PIGHCAdEr TTL avid dt cnease de bu twauraiaseos fede dohensenaveheds 5 216 Marker File cc cy cus paces ag Slave deead og de aula me ww EeeaaihecdiT uLprrengeduheeegu iep ia 5 216 ge REMISIT 5 218 WavefOLm sas eR RR teeebeaueee dees idee Ma kd pee de bee REREGES
180. ata created with software such as MATLAB or ADS providing the data was downloaded to the signal generator using the proper command When you download an exported waveform using a Keysight Signal Studio software product you can use the FTP process and the securewave directory or SCPI commands to extract the encrypted file to the non volatile memory on the signal generator Refer to File Transfer Methods on page 229 Encrypted I Q Files and the Securewave Directory The signal generator uses the securewave directory to perform file encryption extraction and decryption downloads The securewave directory is not an actual storage directory but rather a portal for the encryption and decryption process While the securewave directory contains file names these are actually pointers to the true files located in signal generator memory volatile or non volatile When you download an encrypted file the securewave directory decrypts the file and unpackages the contents into its file header I Q data and marker data When you extract a file the securewave directory packages the file header I Q data and marker data and encrypts the waveform data file When you extract the waveform file I Q data file it includes the other two files so there is no need to extract each one individually The signal generator uses the following securewave directory paths for file extractions and encrypted file downloads Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signa
181. ata for little endian order Interleaving and Q data for big endian order For more information on byte order see Little Endian and Big Endian Byte Order on page 209 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Creating Waveform Data Line Code Interleaving and Byte Swapping for Little Endian Order 20 char iqbuffer NUMSAMPLES 4 21 for index 0 index numsamples index 22 23 short ivalue idata index 24 short qvalue qdata index 25 iqbuf fer index 4 ivalue gt gt 8 amp OxFF 26 iqbuffer index 4 1 ivalue amp OxFF 27 iqbuffer index 4 2 qvalue gt gt 8 amp OxFF 28 iqbuffer index 4 3 qvalue amp OxFF 29 30 return 0 Line Code Description AInterleaving and Byte Swapping for Little Endian Order 20 Define a character array to store the interleaved and Q data The character array makes byte swapping easier since each array location accepts only 8 bits 1 byte The array size increases by four times to accommodate two bytes of data and two bytes of Q data 21 29 Create a loop to do the following Save the current data array value to a variable NOTE In rare instances a compiler may define short as larger than 16 bits If this condition exists replace short with the appropriate object or label that defines a 16 bit integer Save the current Q data array value to a variable Swap the low b
182. ating with synchronized PTP clocks follow this procedure 1 Connect the MXA and MXG to the same Ethernet switch and the ensure that both instruments are configured for LAN operation 2 Power on the MXA and MXG 3 Send the following SCPI command to both the MXA and MXG Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN LXI CLOCk PTP DOMain 1 This parameter may be any integer between 0 to 127 The default value is 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 47 48 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Verifying Time Synchronization To verify that both instruments are running PTP open the Interactive LXI tool from a PC which is connected to the same switch as the MXA and MXG This program is bundled with the Keysight IO Libraries Suite 1 Open Interactive LXI From a PC connected to the same subnet as the instrument go to Start gt All Programs gt Keysight IO Libraries Suite gt Utilities gt Interactive LXI Open the Timing menu Click on the tab labeled Timing Choose an active domain From the Active Domain pull down menu select the PTP domain entered in step 3 of the previous procedure Update the clocks Click Update Clock List Check that the MXA and MXG are located in the expected domain Click on the Clock Names listed in the Clock List then examine the Clock Information panel for the IP Addresses of the MXA an
183. ation on the LXI standards refer to www keysight com find Ixi For more information on configuring the signal generator to communicate over the LAN refer to Using VXI 11 on page 38 The following sections contain information on selecting and connecting IO libraries and LAN interface hardware that are required to remotely program the signal generator through LAN to a LAN based computer and combining those choices with one of several possible LAN interface protocols Setting Up the LAN Interface on page 31 Verifying LAN Functionality on page 34 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Setting Up the LAN Interface For LAN operation the signal generator must be connected to the LAN and an IP address must be assigned to the signal generator either manually or by using DHCP client service Your system administrator can tell you which method to use Most modern LAN networks use DHCP NOTE Verify that the signal generator is connected to the LAN using a 100Base T LAN or 10Base T LAN cable Configuring the VXI 11 Service To communicate with the signal generator over the LAN you must enable the VXI 11 SCPI service Select VXI 11 until On is highlighted Default condition is On 1 0 Config Confirm Change Instrument Will Reboot FTP Server off EX teo services Config 74 Utility IO Config GPIB Setup
184. attend to other tasks while the signal generator is busy performing a function or operation When the signal generator finishes its operation or detects a failure then a Service Request can be generated The computer will respond to the SRQ and depending on the code can perform some other operation or notify the user of failures or other conditions This program sets up a step sweep function for the signal generator and while the operation is in progress prints out a series of asterisks When the step sweep operation is complete an SRQ is generated and the printing ceases Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp source file visaex10 cpp performs the following functions error checking clears the signal generator resets the signal generator prompts user to manually begin the step sweep and waits for response Clears the status register sets up the operation status group to respond to an end of sweep the data questionable status register is enabled to read an unleveled condition prompts user to manually set up the signal generator for an unleveled condition queries the data questionable status register for any set bits and converts the string data to numeric based on the numeric value program checks for a corresponding status check value similarly checks for over or undermodulation condition The following program example is
185. atus Register Information Table 4 2 Effects of STATus PRESet Register Value after STATus PRESet STATus OPERation ENABle 0 STATus OPERation NTRansition 0 STATus OPERation P TRransition 32167 STATus QUEStionable CALibration ENABle 32767 STATus QUEStionable CALibration NTRansition 32767 STATus QUEStionable CALibration PTRansition 32767 STATus QUEStionable ENABle 0 STATus QUEStionable NTRansition 0 STATus QUEStionable PTRansition 32767 STATus QUEStionable FREQuency ENABle 32767 STATus QUEStionable FREQuency NTRansition 32767 STATus QUEStionable FREQuency PTRansition 32767 STATus QUEStionable POWer ENABle 32767 STATus QUEStionable POWer NTRansition 32767 STATus QUEStionable POWer PTRansition 32767 STATus QUEStionable BERT ENABle 32767 STATus QUEStionable BERT NTRansition 32767 STATus QUEStionable BERT PTRansition 32767 a Table reflects STAT PRES values for EXG and MXG models with all options Refer to Figure 4 1 on page 174 Figure 4 2 on page 175 and Table on page 183 through Table on page 203 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 181 Programming the Status Register System Status Byte Group Status Byte Group The Status Byte Group includes the Status Byte Register and the Service Request Enable Register 182 NOTE Some signal generator models may use only a subset of
186. aveform Data NOTE The signal generator can accept separate and Q files created for the earlier E443xB ESG models For more information on downloading E443xB files see Downloading E443xB Signal Generator Files on page 255 The following figure illustrates interleaving and Q data Remember that it takes two bytes 16 bits to represent one or Q data point MSB LSB MSB LSB IData Binary 11001010 01110110 01110111 00111110 Hex CA 76 77 3E Q Data Binary 11101001 11001010 01011110 01110010 Hex E9 CA 5E 72 Interleaved Binary Data Waveform data point Waveform data point fe da W e E 11001010 01110110 11101001 11001010 01110111 00111110 01011110 01110010 AN AN AN P n xv v Data Q Data Data Q Data Interleaved Hex Data Waveform Waveform data point data point A A A m N CA 76 E9 CA 77 3E 5E 72 l Data Q Data Data Q Data Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 215 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Structure Waveform Structure NOTE 216 To play back waveforms the signal generator uses data from the following three files File header Marker file Q file All three files have the same name the name of the I Q data file but the signal generator stores each file in its respective directory headers markers and waveform For information on file extractions see Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data o
187. bled after reboot 20 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation Error Messages Error Messages If an error condition occurs in the signal generator it is reported to both the SCPI remote interface error queue and the front panel display error queue These two queues are viewed and managed separately for information on the front panel display error queue refer to the User s Guide NOTE For additional general information on troubleshooting problems with your connections refer to the Help in the Keysight IO Libraries and documentation When accessing error messages using the SCPI remote interface error queue the error numbers and the error description portions of the error query response are displayed on the host terminal Characteristic SCPI Remote Interface Error Queue Capacity errors 30 Linear first in first out verflow Handlin l Overflow Handling Replaces newest error with 350 Queue overflow Viewing Entries Use SCPI query SySTem ERRor NEXT Power up Clearing the Queue Send a cLs command Read last item in the queue Unresolved Errors Re reported after queue is cleared When the queue is empty every error in the queue has been read or the queue is cleared the No Errors following message appears in the queue 0 No error a Using this SCPI command to read out the error messages clears the dis
188. bytes of data but only 23 bits of the three bytes are designated as the bits of interest For more information on the bit data SCPI command format see Downloading User Files on page 338 and Commands for Bit File Downloads on page 342 SCPI Command MEM DATA BIT file name bit interest datablock MEM DATA BIT 3byte 23 113 Z amp x ASCII representation of the data 3 bytes Start block data number of bytes number of decimal digits Bits of interest Downloaded Data 0 101 1010001001100111100 04 ignored bit LSB Y y Y MSB Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Hex Value 5A 26 78 ASCII Representation Z amp x 332 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads The following figure shows the same downloaded data from the above example as viewed in the signal generator s bit file editor see the User s Guide for more information and with using an external hex editor program SCPI command to download the data MEM DATA BIT 3byte 23 13Z amp x As Seen in the Signal Generator s Bit File Editor FREQUENCY 4 000 000 000 00 se 136 00 Designated number of bits Bit File Editor Pos 0 Hex values Offset Binary Data Hex Data 0 T101 1010 0010 0110 0111 100 5A2678 20 Bit data A in a Hex Edi a Senn in a Hex Editor Designated number of bits hex value 23 decimal
189. ce file visaex7 cpp performs the following functions clears and resets the signal generator sets up the instrument for continuous step sweep sets up the start and stop sweep frequencies sets up the number of steps sets the power level turns on the RF output The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaex7 cpp VEREER RAER AER ERAS ERA EE SEERA RAR EGER SEE EEE EEE EER ERE ORE ERE GE E PROGRAM FILE NAME visaex7 cpp NI PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This example will program the signal generator to perform a step sweep from 500 800 MHz with a 5 sec dwell at each frequency step ff BEER EERE EEE BE ER EERE TE BBN REE BERR EE ERR EE RR RR RK RR OR RRR E amp include visa h gt amp include StdAfx h include lt iostream gt void main ViSession defaultRM vi Declares variables of type ViSession vi establishes instrument communication ViStatus viStatus 0 Declares a variable of type ViStatus for GPIB verifications viStatus vi OpenDefaultRM amp defaultRM Initialize VISA session Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples Open session to GPIB device at address 19 viStatus viOpen defaultRM GPIB 19 INSTR VI NULL VI NULL ivi if viStatus If problems then prompt user printf Could not open ViSession n pr
190. ch are specified as I jQ in the time domain The equalization filter can be turned on and off 368 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files NOTE References to waveform files and some of the other data file types mentioned in the following sections are not available for all models and options of signal generator Refer to the instrument s Data Sheet for the signal generator and options being used The signal generator can save instrument state settings to memory An instrument state setting includes any instrument state that does not survive a signal generator preset or power cycle such as frequency amplitude attenuation and other user defined parameters The instrument state settings are saved in memory and organized into sequences and registers There are 10 sequences with 100 registers per sequence available for instrument state settings These instrument state files are stored in the USER STATE directory See also Signal Generator Memory on page 325 The save function does not store data such as Arb waveforms table entries list sweep data and so forth The save function saves a reference to the waveform or data file name associated with the instrument state Use the store commands or store softkey functions to store these data file types to the signal generator s memory cata
191. cmp computer PCW N 0 HET PC pChar char amp waveform 0 Character pointer to short int data for iz0 i lt 2 points i buf pChar pChar pChar 1 pChartl buf pChar 2 l Save the data to a file l Use FTP or one of the download assistants to download the file to the l signal generator char filename C Temp PSGTestFile Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 261 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples FILE stream NULL stream fopen filename wtb Open the file if stream NULL perror Cannot Open File int numwritten fwrite void waveform sizeof short points 2 stream fclose stream Close the file 3 Load the internal Arb format file FRRRERER KKK KEK KE This process is just the reverse of saving the waveform Read in waveform as unsigned short integers l Swap the bytes as necessary Normalize between 1 De interleave the I Q Data Open the file and load the internal format data stream fopen filename r b Open the file if stream NULL perror Cannot Open File int numread fread void waveform sizeof short points 2 stream fclose stream Close the file I If on a PC swap the bytes back to Little Endian if strcmp computer PCW N 0 pChar char amp waveform 0 Character pointer to shor
192. ction rateAdjustedFilter writeMxgFir host instrumentFilename ti meDomai nFilter osr rate destRate maxTaps writeMxgEqFir host instrumentFilename ti meDomainFilter osr rate destRate maxTaps writes filter to instrumentFilename on host using tcp ip Real or complex is auto detected osr is assumed to be 1 if it is missing rate is assumed Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples to be 125Mhz if missing destRate is assumed to be 125Mhz if missing maxTaps is the hardware limit of the MXG 256 if not specified This value should be 256 for the Equalization filter and 32 osr for the Arb Modulation filter Note that the filter has a rectangular window applied with a width of maxTaps centered about the peak point Example writeMxgEgFir mxgl a 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 10 4 0 1 0 1 if nargin 3 nargin gt 7 error usage writeMxgFir host instrumentFilename timeDomai nFilter osr rate destRate maxTaps end if nargin 4 0sr zl end if nargin 5 ratez125e6 end if nargin 6 destRatez125e6 end if nargin T maxTaps 1024 end adjust coefficients for destination rate if rate destRate timeDomainFilter resample double timeDomainFilter destRate rate 30 timeDomainFilter timeDomainFilter rate destRate end if length ti meDomai nFi
193. d Agient Configuring your MXG You must cick Seve before changes to parameters become effective Parameters marked with an asterisk also require that you cick Renew LAN settings before changer take effect UedoEdm Save Fetoa Mx Factory Darau Stata dently j SupLaNimy Modity Configuration 14112196187 41 121 9490 AMSTE2ADODT OOF ON Oorr on OOF ON OCF N 14 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation Using the Web Browser Enabling the Signal Generator Web Server NOTE Javascript or Active Scripts must be enabled to use the web front panel controls 1 Turn on the Web server as shown below Keysight X Series Web Server On Utility If necessary toggle Web Server to On Utilitu I 0 Config LAH Services Heb Services Fes Heb Si erver leb Se I 0 Config GPIB Setup DEF DEF License Manager ERE IER LAN Setup Web Services Ms 1 On Displau Ln Seryiens SCPI Services Power nA Remote Language Pre Confirm Confirm Change Instrument Will Reboot Proceed With sunk eein aine Reconfiguration Instrument Info Hore 1 of 2 For details on each key and for equivalent SCPI commands use the key help Refer to Getting Key Help on page 19 and the User s Guide For additional SCPI command information refer
194. d Unused Always Zero 0 Cal DCFM Cal IQ Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Always Zero 0 Data Quest BERT Status Group Option UN7 only No Clock No Data Change PRBS Sync Loss Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Always Zero 0 Event Register Event Enable Reg Condition Register Trans Filter Trans Filter Event Register Event Enable Reg 174 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Figure 4 2 Programming the Status Register System Overview Overall Status Byte Register System 2 of 2 Status Byte Register Unused EJ Unused From Data Questionable Power Status Group Error Event Queue Summary Bit Data Questionable Status Summary Bit From Data Quest Frequency Status Group Data Questionable Message Available MAV ES Status Group Std Event a Sum Bit Unused Req Serv Sum Bit RQS EA Unused EA From Data Quest Calibration Status Group Unused Std Operation Status Sum Bit 7 summary From Data Quest BERT Status Group Unused Y summary Unused Y Unused summary SELFtest Unused Unused summary On ons NW 0o Condition Register Trans Filter Trans Filter Event Register Event Enable Reg I Q CALibrating Settling Unused SWEeping MEASuring i A S Waiting for TRIGer vis s s y Unused Dlr E ale U
195. d MXG View the PTP LAN traffic Click the PTP Messages tab and select the Timing Messages checkbox Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Table 2 1 NOTE Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Peer to Peer Messaging The MXA and MXG are capable of sending and receiving LXI specific LAN packets The packets are configurable and may be sent when various instrument events occur during a measurement or state recall Each instrument event has an associated sense of 0 or 1to indicate whether or not the event is active The instrument events that can cause an MXG to send an LXI LAN packet are summarized in the table below LXI LAN Packets Instrument Event Description OperationComp Indicates whether or not an operation is underway lete i For example a single sweep will result in OperationComplete 1 before the sweep OperationComplete 0 during the sweep OperationComplete 1 after the sweep Settling Indicates the instrument is settling Sweeping Indicates whether or not the instrument is currently performing a sweep Waiting For Indicates whether or not the instrument is waiting Trigger for a trigger event before a measurement begins Enabling the LXI Event Subsystem Due to the high priority response time demands of handling events enabling the LXI event subsystem can adversely impact certain specifications such as frequency and power switching speed
196. d the file block from the signal generator byte readBuf new byte TRANSFER BLOCK SIZE uint bytesRemai ning fileSize while bytesRemaining 0 uint bytesToRead bytesRemai ning lt TRANSFER BLOCK SIZE bytesRemai ning TRANSFER BLOCK SIZE Visalnterop Read device readBuf bytesToRead out retCount 378 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files fs Write readBuf 0 int retCount bytesRemai ning retCount Done with file fs Close The following method writes the contents of the specified file to the specified file in the form of a SCPI definite block A newline is NOT appended to the block and END is not sent at the conclusion of the write static public void WriteFileBlock uint device string fileName Make sure that the file exists otherwise sends a null block if File Exists fileName FileStream fs new FileStream fileName FileMode Open Send the definite block header lengthDataLength dataLength string fileSize fs Length ToString string fileSizeLength fileSize Length ToString WriteDevice device fileSizeLength fileSize false Don t set END at the end of writes Visalnterop SetAttribute device VisaAttribute SendEndEnable 0 Write the file block to the signal generator byte readBuf new byte TRANSFER B
197. data This should be twice the number of integers in Iwfm data since an integer is represented 2 bytes Input integers must be between 0 and 16383 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples In the Output commands USING k formats the data The pound symbol Suppresses the automatic EOL End of Line output This allows multiple output commands to be concatenated as if they were a single output The K instructs HP BASIC to output the following numbers or strings in the default format 10 RE SAVE ARB IQ file 20 Num poi ntsz200 30 ALLOCATE INTEGER wfm data 1 Num poi nts Quf m data 1 Num points 40 DEG 50 FOR 21 TO Num poi nts 60 wf mdata I NT 8191 SI N 1 360 Num poi nts 8192 10 Quf m data l I NT 8191 COS 1 360 Num points 8192 80 NEXT 90 PRINT Data Generated 100 Nbytes 2 Num points 110 ASSIGN QEsg TO 719 FORMAT ON 120 ASSIGN Esgb TO 719 FORMAT OFF 130 Nbytes VAL Nbytes 140 Ndigits LEN Nbytes 150 Ndigits VAL Ndigits 160 OUTPUT Esg USING kK MMEM DATA ARBI file name_1 170 OUTPUT Esg USING K Ndi gi ts 180 OUTPUT QEsg USING K Nbytes 190 OUTPUT QEsgb I wf m data 200 OUTPUT QEsg END 210 OUTPUT Esg USING K MMEM DATA ARBQ file name 1 220 OUTPUT Esg USING K Ndigits 230 OUTPUT Esg USING K
198. de 307 NOTE 308 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples o ut FileHandle index 1 data Write the I Q data to the file Next index Close FileHandle Call MsgBox Data written to file amp strFilename vbOKOnly Downl oad Exit Sub file error MsgBox Err Description Close FileHandle End Sub Downloading l Q Data On the signal generator s documentation CD this programming example s name is Download File vb txt This Visual Basic programming example using Microsoft Visual Basic 6 0 downloads the file created in Creating Q Data Little Endian Order on page 305 into non volatile memory using a LAN connection To use GPIB replace the instOpenString object declaration with GPIB 19 IN STR To download the data into volatile memory change the instDestfile declaration to USER BBG1 WAVEFORM The example program listed here uses the VISA COM IO API which includes the WritelEEEBlock method This method eliminates the need to format the download command with arbitrary block information such as defining number of bytes and byte numbers Refer to SCPI Command Line Structure on page 230 for more information This program also includes some error checking to alert you when problems arise while trying to download files This includes checking to see if the file exists L KOKOK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK K KK KKK K KKK KK KKK KK GGG XXX EEG EEG EX X KEES Progra
199. dic spectral regrowth and distortion For example the sampled sinewave segment in the following figure may have been simulated in software or captured off the air and sampled It is an accurate sinewave for the time period it occupies however the waveform does not occupy an entire period of the sinewave or some multiple thereof Therefore when repeatedly playing back the waveform by an arbitrary waveform generator a phase discontinuity is introduced at the transition point between the beginning and the end of the waveform Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth In the case of playing back the sinewave samples the phase discontinuity produces a noticeable increase in distortion components in addition to the line spectra normally representative of a single sinewave Sampled Sinewave with Phase Discontinuity ri ES 5j E Phase IEEE x discontinuity N i i j i i n i A r P 1 s BM el lt lt Waveform length Avoiding Phase Discontinuities You can easily avoid phase discontinuities for periodic waveforms by simulating an integer number of cycles when you create your waveform segment Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 219 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Phase Continuity NOTE If there are N samples in a complete cycle only the first N 1 samples are stored in the waveform segment Theref
200. duce a summary bit Summary bits are in turn used by the Status Byte Register A status group is a set of related registers whose contents are programmed to produce status summary bits In each status group corresponding bits in the condition register are filtered by the negative and positive transition filters and stored in the event register The contents of the event register are logically AN Ded with the contents of the enable register and the result is logically ORed to produce a status summary bit in the Status Byte Register Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Standard Event Status Group The Standard Event Status Group is used to determine the specific event that set bit 5 in the Status Byte Register This group consists of the Standard Event Status Register an event register and the Standard Event Status Enable Register NOTE Some signal Operation Complete generator models may Request Bus Control use only a Query Error subset of Device Dependent Error Decus Execution Error registers shown Command Error User Request Power On Event Register FA 5 4 3 2 17 0 Ereble Register 76543210 To Status Byte Register Bit 5 ok723a Standard Event Status Register Bit Description Operation Complete A 1 in this bit position indicates that all pending signal generator operations were completed following execution of
201. e data consists of one period of a sine wave and the Q data consists of one period of a cosine wave Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Line O CO C Un amp WN I e Hn e c Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Creating Waveform Data Code Create and Q data const int NUMSAMPLES 500 main int argc char argv short idata NUMSAMPLES short qdata NUMSAMPLES int numsamples NUMSAMPLES for int index 0 index lt numsamples index idata index 23000 sin 2 3 14 index numsamples qdata index 23000 cos 2 3 14 index numsamples Line Code Description Create and Q data Define the number of waveform points Note that the maximum number of waveform points that you can set is based on the amount of available memory in the signal generator For more information on signal generator memory refer to Waveform Memory on page 222 Define the main function in C Create an array to hold the generated values The array length equals the number of the waveform points Note that we define the array as type short which represents a 16 bit signed integer in most C compilers Create an array to hold the generated Q values signed 16 bit integers Define and set a temporary variable which is used to calculate the and Q values Create a loop to do the following Generate and scale the data DAC values This exam
202. e PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also supports the little endian order Always refer to the processor s manufacturer to determine the order they use for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order Development platforms include any product that creates and saves waveform data to a file This includes Keysight Technologies Advanced Design System EDA software C MATLAB and so forth The byte order describes how the system processor stores integer values as binary data in memory If you output data from a little endian system to a text file ASCII text the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system The order only becomes important when you use the data in binary format as is done when downloading data to the signal generator Byte Swapping While the processor for the development platform determines the byte order the recipient of the data may require the bytes in the reverse order In this situation you must reverse the byte order before downloading the data This is commonly referred to as byte swapping You can swap bytes either programmatically or by using the Signal Studio Toolkit 2 software For the signal generator byte swapping is the method to change the byte order of little endian to big endian For more information on little endian and big endian order see Little Endian and Big Endian Byte Order on page 209 The following figure shows the
203. e modulation type and filter either through the front panel interface or with SCPI commands Understanding PRAM Files The term PRAM file comes from earlier Keysight products E443xB ESG PRAM is another term for waveform memory WFM 1 which is also known as volatile memory This means that PRAM files and waveform files occupy the same Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads memory location The signal generator s volatile memory waveform memory storage path is user BBG1 waveform For more information on memory see Signal Generator Memory on page 325 The following figure shows a PRAM byte and illustrates the difference between it and a bit binary user file byte Notice the control bits in the PRAM byte MSB MSB LSB PRAM File Data Byte 1 1 O 10 1 0 1 User File Data Byte 10011101 MM Control bits Data bit Data bits Only three of the seven control bits elicit a response from the signal generator The other four bits are reserved Table 6 9 describes the bits for a PRAM byte Table 6 9 PRAM Data Byte Bit Function Value Comments 0 Data 0 1 Thisisthe data bit It is unspecified when burst bit 2 is set to 0 1 Reserved 0 Always 0 2 Burst 0 1 1 RF on 0 RF off For non bursted non TDMA systems to have a continuous signal set this bit to 1 for all bytes For framed data set this
204. e 107 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples ViSession defaultRM vi Declares a variables of type Vi Session I for instrument communication ViStatus viStatus 0 Declares a variable of type ViStatus I for GPIB verifications int num 0 Declares a variable for switch statements char rdBuffer 256 0 Declare a variable for response data vi Status vi OpenDef aul t RM amp def aul t RM Initialize VISA session Open session to GPIB device at address 19 viStatus vi Open defaultRM GPIB 19 INSTR VI NULL VI_NULL avi if viStatus If problems then prompt user printf Could not open ViSession n printf Check instruments and connections n printf yar ys exit 0 printf n viClear vi Clears the signal generator Prints user information printf Programming example to demonstrate reading the signal generator s Status Byte n printf n printf Manually set up the sig gen for an unleveled output condition n printf Set signal generator output amplitude to 20 dBm n printf Set frequency to maxi mum val uen printf Turn On signal generator s RF Output n printf Check signal generator s display for the UNLEVEL annunciator n printf n Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples printf Press Enter when ready n prim
205. e 49 or SCPI commands page 50 Using the LXI Event Log The LXI subsystem also provides an Event Log The event log records all of the enabled LXI Event and Instrument Event activity and associates each action with an IEEE 1588 timestamp Instrument Events are enabled by default and will therefore appear in the log Since many instrument events occur during every sweep logging all of them may flood the event log They may be disabled by sending the SCPI command LXI EVENt STATus ENABled instrumentEvent 0 where the parameter instrumentEvent may be any event listed in Table 2 1 Note that the event must be re enabled before being used as the source of an LXI Output LAN Event To view the LXI Event Log from the front panel press the hard key System and then the softkeys Show LXI LXI Event Log Once the Event Log is displayed the arrow keys may be used to scroll through the list The Event Log may also be queried through SCPI command Setting up and executing a list sweep measurement The following examples will illustrate procedures for setting up and executing a list sweep measurement using an MXA and an MXG synchronized with LXI Before launching into the procedure it is important to understand the theory behind the method The MXA and MXG use their LXI Output LAN Events to communicate internal state changes to each other In the following synchronization the rising edge ofthe Waiting For Trigger instrument event w
206. e error queue is easier to use than the status registers but the status registers provide some additional information not found in the error queue For more information on using the signal generator s SCPI commands to query the signal generator s error queue refer to the SCPI Command Reference The signal generator s status register system provides two major advantages You can monitor the settling of the signal generator using the settling bit of the Standard Operation Status Group s condition register You can use the service request SRQ interrupt technique to avoid status polling therefore giving a speed advantage The signal generator s instrument status system provides complete SCPI compliant data structures for reporting instrument status using the register model The SCPI register model of the status system has multiple registers that are arranged in a hierarchical order The lower priority status registers propagate their data to the higher priority registers using summary bits The Status Byte Register is at the top of the hierarchy and contains the status information for lower level registers The lower level registers monitor specific events or conditions The lower level status registers are grouped according to their functionality For example the Data Questionable Frequency Status Group consists of five registers This chapter may refer to a group as a register so that the cumbersome longer description is avoided
207. e existing marker file setting all bits to zero and the file header setting all parameters to unspecified Waveform A waveform consists of samples When you select a waveform for playback the signal generator loads settings from the file header When the ARB is on it creates the waveform samples from the data in the marker and Q waveform files The file header while required does not affect the number of bytes that compose a waveform sample One sample contains five bytes I Q Data Marker Data 1 Waveform Sample 2bytes 2 bytes Q 1byte 8 bits 5 bytes 16 bits 16 bits Bits 4 7 reserved Bits 0 3 set To create a waveform the signal generator requires a minimum of 60 samples To help minimize signal imperfections use an even number of samples for information on waveform continuity see Waveform Phase Continuity on page 219 When you store waveforms the signal generator saves changes to the waveform file marker file and file header Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Phase Continuity Waveform Phase Continuity Phase Discontinuity Distortion and Spectral Regrowth The most common arbitrary waveform generation use case is to play back a waveform that is finite in length and repeat it continuously Although often overlooked a phase discontinuity between the end of a waveform and the beginning of the next repetition can lead to perio
208. e for reading your format First read values done false index 0 infile fopen ifile rb if infile NULL perror Error opening file to read while done il fgetc infile read the first byte if il EOF break i2 fgetc infile read the next byte if i2 EOF break i val uezi 14i 2 256 put the two bytes together note that the above format is for a little endian I processor such as Intel Reverse the order for a big endian processor such as Motorola HP or Sun idata index zi val ue if index MAXSAMPLES break fclose infile Then read Q val ues index 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 281 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples infile fopen gfile rb if infile NULL perror Error opening file to read while done il fgetc infile read the first byte if il EOF break i2 fgetc infile read the next byte if i2 E0OF break i val uezi 14i 2 256 put the two bytes together note that the above format is for a little endian l processor such as Intel Reverse the order for a big endian processor such as Motorola HP or Sun qdata index t zi val ue if index MAXSAMPLES break fclose infile Remember the number of samples which were read from the file numsamples index Print the and Q values to a text file If you are
209. e waveform cycles 101 Determines the frequency offset fromthe carrier phaselnc 2 pi cycles points phase phaselnc 0 poi nts 1 wave cos phase Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 289 290 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Qwave sin phase Alternate way to calculate the waveform RMS voltage rms sqrt sum l wave l wave Qwave Qwave points 2 Save waveformin internal format KKKKKKKKKKKKKKARKKKKKKKKKKKKKKAREKE Convert the and Q data into the internal arb format The internal arb format is a single waveform containing interleaved IQ data The 1 Q data is signed short integers 16 bits The data has values scaled between 32767 where DAC Value X Description 32767 Maximum positive value of the DAC 0 Zero out of the DAC 32767 Maximum negative value of the DAC The internal arb expects the data bytes to be in Big Endian format This is opposite of how short integers are saved on a PC Little Endi an For this reason the data bytes are swapped before being saved Interleave the IQ data waveform 1 2 2 points wave Waveform 2 2 2 points Qwave l wave Qwave Wwaveform waveform Normalize the data between 1 waveform waveform max abs waveform Watch out for divide by zero Scale to use full range of the DAC waveform round waveform 32767 Data is
210. e waveform file If you download Q data without a marker file the signal generator automatically creates a marker file with all points set to zero For more information on markers see the User s Guide ol ol ol 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo 00 oo ol ol ol 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo oo oo ol ol 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo 00 oo ol ol 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 00 oo oo ol ol 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo 00 00 0l 0l 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 00 oo 00 0l 0l 0l 05 05 05 04 04 04 oo 00 oo Of All markers on 01 Marker 1 on 05 Markers 1 and 04 Marker 3 on 00 No active mark Downloading marker data using a file name that currently resides on the signal generator overwrites the existing marker file without affecting the I Q waveform file However downloading just the I Q data with the same file name as an existing I Q file also overwrites the existing marker file setting all bits to zero Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 217 NOTE 218 I Q File Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Structure The I Q file contains the interleaved and Q data points signed 16 bit integers for each and Q data point Each I Q point equals one waveform point The signal generator stores the I Q data in the waveform directory If you download l Q data using a file name that currently resides on the signal generator it also overwrites th
211. ed RST sets the bit to zero 3 14 Unused These bits are always set to 0 15 Always 0 Query STATus QUEStionable BERT CONDition Response The decimal sum of the bits set to 1 Data Questionable BERT Transition Filters negative and positive The Data Questionable BERT Transition Filters specify which type of bit state changes in the condition register set corresponding bits in the event register Changes can be positive 0 to 1 or negative 1 to 0 Commands STATus QUEStionable BERT NTRansition value negative transition or STATus QUEStionable BERT PTRansition value positive transition where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable Queries STATus QUEStionable BERT NTRansition STATus QUEStionable BERT PTRansition Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 203 204 Query Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable BERT Event Register The Data Questionable BERT Event Register latches transition events from the condition register as specified by the transition filters Event registers are destructive read only Reading data from an event register clears the content of that register STATus QUEStionable BERT EVENt Data Questionable BERT Event Enable Register The Data Questionable BERT Event Enable Register lets you choose which bits in the Data Questionable BERT Event Register set the summary bit
212. ed OperationComplete 1 The MXA will send an OperationComplete peer to peer message when the OperationComplete instrument event changes state 30 Begin the MXG s list sweep Send the following SCPI commands INIT CONT ON This will cause the MXG to put out a signal at the first frequency in its list It will also begin waiting for the LAN1 peer to peer message before moving on to the next signal 31 Begin the MXA s list sweep Send the following SCPI commands INIT LIST This will cause the MXA to take a measurement at the first frequency in its list It will also begin waiting for the LANO peer to peer message before moving on to the next measurement 32 Enable the MXA s LAN1 LXI Output LAN Event Send the following SCPI commands LXI EVENt OUTPut LAN ENABled LAN1 1 The LAN1 peer to peer message is now enabled 33 Send the MXG a LAN1 peer to peer message Using Interactive LXI or the Keysight IO Libraries TMFramework LXI library send a LAN1 peer to peer message to the MXG This will start the synchronization sequence 34 The MXA waits for the OperationComplete instrument event Detect the peer to peer traffic using Interactive LXI To programmatically listen for LXI peer to peer messages use the Keysight IO Libraries TMFramework LXI library When the MXA has completed its list it will send the peer to peer message OperationComplete with a rising edge to MXG 35 Send query to MXA for the mea
213. ed command is not required to be able to extract files i e use MEM DATA For more information refer to the SCPI Command Reference b See FTP Procedures on page 234 Table 5 10 Extracting Encrypted Waveform Data Download Command Syntax Options Method Memory Type SCPI volatile MMEM DATA user bbgl securewave file name memory MMEM DATA SWFM1 file name MMEM DATA file name SWFM1 SCPI non volatile MMEM DATA user securewave file name memory MMEM DATA SNVWFM file name i MMEM DATA file name SN VWFM FTP volatile get user bbgl securewave file name memory FTP non volatile get user securewave file name gt memory a See FTP Procedures on page 234 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 233 CAUTION NOTE CAUTION 234 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data FTP Procedures Avoid using the OPC or WAI commands to verify that the FTP process has been completed These commands can potentially hang up due to the processing of other SCPI parser operations Refer to the SCPI Command Reference If you are remotely FTPing files and need to verify the completion of the FTP process then query the instrument by using SCPI commands such as MEM DATA MEM CAT STB FREQ IDN OUTP STAT Refer to the SCPI Command Reference There are three ways to FTP files
214. ed firmware versions A 01 50 For information on new firmware releases go to http www keysight com find upgradeassistant This section does not apply to N51xxB EXG MXG signal generators which are LXI Class C compliant instruments This section assumes general familiarity with the LXI B class of instruments and aims to clarify a number of general use cases for measurement synchronization between an MXA signal analyzer and an N51xxA MXG signal generator using a LAN connection Refer to http www xistandard org home and www keysight com find Ixi for more information This LXI section contains the following IEEE 1588 on page 46 Peer to Peer Messaging on page 49 Configuring LXI Triggers on page 51 Using the LXI Event Log on page 52 Setting up and executing a list sweep measurement on page 52 Synchronize a List Sweep Measurement Between an MXA and an MXG using Peer to Peer Messages on page 53 For More Information on page 59 IEEE 1588 The IEEE 1588 standard defines a Precision Time Protocol PTP for synchronizing various clocks connected by Ethernet This will give your measurement instrumentation a common sense of time To ensure that the MXA and MXG are operating with synchronized PTP clocks follow the procedure outlined in the table below Time Synchronization using an MXA Signal Analyzer and a MXG Signal Generator To ensure that the MXA and MXG are oper
215. ee T AE IA NS 04 besten e Be uro o Bit Position 1011011111101001 1110010101101011 Data NE UK D yr I NIST Data Q Data Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Creating Waveform Data Line Code Interleaving and Q data for Big Endian Order 20 short igbuffer NUMSAMPLES 2 21 for index 0 index numsamples index 22 23 iqbuf fer index 2 idata index 24 iqbuffer index 2 1 qdata index 25 26 return 0 Line Code Description Anterleaving and Q data for Big Endian Order 20 Define a 16 bit integer short array to store the interleaved and Q data The array size increases by two times to accommodate two bytes of data and two bytes of Q data NOTE In rare instances a compiler may define short as larger than 16 bits If this condition exists replace short with the appropriate object or label that defines a 16 bit integer 21 25 Create a loop to do the following Store the data values to the I Q array location index 2 Store the Q data values to the I Q array location index 2 1 Interleaved I Q Array in Big Endian Order 15 ete C Br ERN 0 Mouse B Loses o Bit Position 1011011111101001 1110010101101011 Data MV A N A Ya a Data Q Data To download the data created in the above example see Using Advanced Programming Languages on page 246 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators
216. ee ya getch Waits for keyboard user input viPrintf vi STAT QUES POW ENAB 2 n Enables the Data Questionable Power Condition Register Bits Bits 0 and 1 viPrintf vi STAT QUES POW COND n I Querys the register for any set bits viScanf vi s rdBuffer Reads the decimal sum of the H set bits num int rdBuffer 1 0 Converts string data to numeric switch num Based on the deci mal val ue case 1 printf Signal Generator Reverse Power Protection Tripped n printf n break case 2 printf Signal Generator Power is Unleveled n printf n break default printf No Power Unleveled condition detected n printf n viClear vi Clears the signal generator Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 109 110 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples I Prints user information printf eee eee eee eee eee I vesti fu printf n printf Manually set up the sig gen for an unleveled output condition n printf n printf Select AM modulation n printf Select AM Source Ext 1 and Ext Coupling AC n printf Turn On the modulation n printf Do not connect any source to the input n printf Check signal generator s display for the EXTI LO annunciator n printf n printf Press Enter when ready n printer yn E getch W
217. eh hee e 6 328 Checking Available Memory sse me e eem oes che ne RR eere ee d e ne 6 329 UserfFile Data Bit Binary DOWMIOAdS eite re e pex ener cti wr hands WR UR Ee a 6 331 User File Bik Order ESB and MSB iu aer redet aca aee nein wane UICE ERR 6 332 Bit File Type Data osiss ceernvas doses nese We RRE E EE XR Pru Rex ER Rd PETER WERE ERES 6 332 Binary File Type Data 13r RAE Rei WAR XAR beeen nies ave aber EFE EAE 6 335 User File Si26 cists e nnne RR Y Y eR e naan ptre adau i SER pip aaa de ew 3 WEE EER 6 336 Determining Memory Usage for Custom User File Data 0 0 ccc eet ete eee 6 337 Downloading User Files 0 0 0 0 cee cece Re emere 6 338 Commands for Bit File Downloads issssssssssseee e mn 6 342 Commands for Binary File Downloads 2 cece Hm 6 343 Selecting a Downloaded User File as the Data Source 6 345 Modulating and Activating the Carrier iiis e 6 345 Modifying User File Data i gk RD E whe de vibes ana 9m Re y E RYRBIAIRRERYEREREERERA 6 345 Real Time Custom High Data Rates i e bus vRREE RR Rc er REEF EXC cee GR ERENCERHERGCRAR 6 348 Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads 0c cece eee e ehh eren 6 350 Understanding PRAM Files rx a eee cee cena RF ER CT RE RS eq eX RAF RE 6 350 PRAM File Si2G eiee merei hoa ae cob e RO C o oec GR S ad d c ted 6 353 SCPI Command for a List Format Download sssssssssssee es 6 355 SCPI Command for a Block Data Download isses 0 cece e m 6 355
218. el of 2 5 dBm and a deviation of 20 kHz Before running the program Connect the output of a modulating signal source to the signal generator s EXT 2 input connector Set the modulation signal source for the desired FM characteristics Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the code into your cpp source file visaex5 cpp performs the following functions error checking resets the signal generator sets up the EXT 2 connector on the signal generator for FM sets up FM path 2 coupling to AC sets up FM path 2 deviation to 20 kHz sets carrier frequency to 700 MHz sets the power level to 2 5 dBm turns on frequency modulation and RF output The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaex5 cpp RRR RRR A RARE EE RAE KARE ER ERE KARE EEK PROGRAM FILE NAME visaex5 cpp PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This example sets the signal generator FM source to External 2 coupling to AC deviation to 20 KHZ carrier frequency to 700 MHz and the power level to 2 5 dBm The RF state is set to on I FEX Xxx oo E E I E GO E EG EG EGO E EG EG E IG E E EG EG EGO EGO E E EGG EGG EG E EGG RAKE G X amp include visa h gt amp include StdAfx h Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 93 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples include lt iostream gt
219. emaining signal parameters 3 Turn the modulation format on RADio CUSTom STATe On Modulating and Activating the Carrier Use the following commands to modulate the carrier and turn on the RF output For a complete listing of SPCI commands refer to the SCPI Command Reference FREQuency FIXed 2 5GHZ POWer LEVel 10 0DBM OUTPut MODulation STATe ON OUTPut STATe ON Modifying User File Data There are two ways to modify a file after downloading it to the signal generator Usethe signal generator s bit file editor This works for both bit and binary files but it converts a binary file to a bit file and adds a 10 byte file header For more information on using the bit file editor see the signal generator s User s Guide You can also access the bit editor remotely using the signal generator s web server For web server information refer to the Programming Guide Use a hex editor program on your PC or UNIX workstation as described below Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 345 CAUTION 346 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Modifying a Binary File with a Hex Editor 1 FTP the file to your PC UNIX For information on using FTP see FTP Procedures Ensure that you use binary file transfers during FTP operations 2 Modify the file using a hex editor program 3 FTP the file to the signal generator s BIN memory catalog directory
220. ency Condition Register Bits Bit Description 0 Synth Unlocked A 1 in this bit position indicates that the synthesizer is unlocked 1 10 MHz Ref Unlocked A 1 in this bit position indicates that the 10 MHz reference signal is unlocked 2 Frequency Clipped A 1 in this bit position indicates that the 1 GHz reference signal is unlocked 3 14 Unused These bits are always set to 0 15 Always 0 Query STATus QUEStionable FREQuency CONDition Response The decimal sum of the bits set to 1 Data Questionable Frequency Transition Filters negative and positive Specifies which types of bit state changes in the condition register set corresponding bits in the event register Changes can be positive 0 to 1 or negative 1 to 0 Commands STATus QUEStionable FREQuency NTRansition value negative transition or Queries Query STATus QUEStionable FREQuency PTRansition value positive transition where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable STATus QUEStionable FREQuency NTRansition STATus QUEStionable FREQuency PTRansition Data Questionable Frequency Event Register Latches transition events from the condition register as specified by the transition filters Event registers are destructive read only Reading data from an event register clears the content of that register STATus QUEStionable FREQuency EVENCt Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming G
221. ending A service request is considered to be pending between the time the signal generator s SRQ process is initiated and the time the controller reads the status byte register If a program enables the controller to detect and respond to service requests it should instruct the controller to perform a serial poll when SRQ is true Each device on the bus returns the contents of its status byte register in response to this poll The device whose request service summary RQS bit is set to 1 is the device that requested service Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 179 NOTE 180 Programming the Status Register System Accessing Status Register Information When you read the signal generator s Status Byte Register with a serial poll the RQS bit is reset to 0 Other bits in the register are not affected If the status register is configured to SRQ on end of sweep or measurement and the mode set to continuous restarting the measurement INIT command can cause the measuring bit to pulse low This causes an SRQ when you have not actually reached the end of sweep or measurement condition To avoid this do the following 1 Send the command INITiate CONTinuous OFF 2 Set enable the status registers 3 Restart the measurement send INIT Status Register SCPI Commands Most monitoring of signal generator conditions is done at the highest level using the IEEE 488 2 common commands listed below You c
222. ent Data The signal generator stores the FIR files in the FIR USER FIR directory which utilizes non volatile memory see also Signal Generator Memory on page 325 Use the following SCPI command line to download FIR filter coefficients file from the PC to the signal generator s FIR directory MEMory DATA FIR file name gt REAL osr coefficient MEMory DATA FIR file name gt COMPlex osr realCoefficient imaginaryCoeffic ient Use the following SCPI command line to query list data from the FIR file MEMory DATA FIR file name gt Sample Command Line The following SCPI command will download a typical set of real modulation FIR filter coefficient values and name the file FIR1 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 365 NOTE 366 Creating and Downloading User Data Files FIR Filter Coefficient Downloads MEMory DATA FIR FIRI1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 000001 0 000012 0 000132 0 001101 0 006743 0 030588 0 103676 0 265790 0 523849 0 809508 1 1 0 809508 0 523849 0 265790 0 103676 0 030588 0 006743 0 001101 0 000132 0 0000 12 0 000001 0 0 0 0 0 FIR1 assigns the name FIR1 to the associated OSR over sample ratio and coefficient values the file is then represented with this name in the FIR File catalog 4 specifies the oversample ratio 0 0 0 0 0 0 000001 the FIR filter coefficients Selecting a Downloaded User FIR Filter as the Active Filter For informat
223. equence on page 33 Ping each node along the route between your workstation and the signal generator starting with your workstation If a node doesn t respond contact your IT administrator If the signal generator still does not respond to ping you should suspect a hard ware problem Check the signal generator LAN connector lights Verify the hostname is not being used with DHCP addressing Intermittent Response If you received 1 to 8 packets back there maybe a problem with the network In networks with Switches and bridges the first few pings may be lost until these devices learn the location of hosts Also because the number of packets received depends on your network traffic and integrity the number might be different for your network Problems of this nature are best resolved by your IT department Using Interactive IO Use the VISA Assistant utility available in the Keysight IO Libraries Suite to verify instrument communication over the LAN interface Refer to the section on the IO Libraries and Programming Languages on page 4 for more information The Keysight IO Libraries Suite is supported on all platforms except Windows NT If you are using Windows NT refer to the section below on using the VISA Assistant to verify LAN communication See the section on Windows NT and Keysight IO Libraries M and Earlier on page 8 for more information NOTE The following sections are specific to Keysight IO Libr
224. er See Little Endian and Big Endian Byte Order on page 209 for more information The waveform contains an odd number of samples An odd number of samples can cause waveform discontinuity See Waveform Phase Continuity on page 219 for more information Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 321 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Troubleshooting Waveform Files Configuring the Pulse RF Blank If the default marker is used CT toggle the Pulse RF Blank None arb z softkey to None For more ARB information on markers refer to Marker File on page 216 pe leet lave form DEI GS Marker Polaritu arian HEN Real Time I l ARB Setup Pulse RF Blank Banatan Marker Routing None Trigger Tupe Continuous Free Run Set Markersp Trigger Source x um ALC Hold None Select Dual Arb More Marker Utilities on X Series signal generators to access this menu A m Je Z SCPI commands SOURce RADio 1 ARB MDEStination PULSe NONE M1 M2 M3 M4 SOURce RADiof 1 ARB MDEStination PULSe For details on each key use the key help Refer to Getting Key Help on page 19 and the User s Guide For additional SCPI command information refer to the SCPI Command Reference 322 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Keysight Technologies X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 6 Creating and
225. er Coefficient File Download Problems ssssssssseee 6 391 vii Contents viii Keysight Technologies X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 1 Getting Started with Remote Operation CAUTION Keysight does not recommend going backwards in firmware versions loading older firmware versions into newer instruments as hard ware firmware conflicts can result NOTE Full LXI Class B feature implementation is only available on N51xxA MXG signal generators A license may be required to enable this feature and to download the required firmware versions gt A 01 50 For information on new firmware releases go to http www keysight com find upgradeassistant Programming and Software Hard ware Layers on page 2 nterfaces on page 3 O Libraries and Programming Languages on page 4 Using the Web Browser on page 12 Preferences on page 19 Error Messages on page 21 KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES Getting Started with Remote Operation Programming and Software Hardware Layers Programming and Software Hardware Layers Keysight X Series signal generators support the following interfaces Table 1 1 Instrument Interfaces Supported Keysight N51xxB GPIB LAN and USB 2 0 EXG MXG Keysight N51xxAM XG GPIB LAN and USB 2 0 Use these interfaces in combination with IO libraries and programming languages to remotely control a signal generator Figure 1 1 uses GPIB as an example of the relat
226. er file to non volatile memory To determine if there is enough non volatile memory check the available non volatile memory and compare it to the size of the file to be downloaded After you select a user file and turn the format on the signal generator loads the file into volatile memory for processing lt translates each data bit into a 32 bit word 4 bytes The 32 bit words are not saved to the original file that resides in non volatile memory It creates an expanded data file named AUTOGEN_PRAM_1 in volatile memory while also maintaining a copy of the original file in volatile memory It is the AUTOGEN PRAM 1 file that contains the 32 bit words and accounts for most of the user file PRAM memory space If the transmission is using unframed data and there are not enough bits in the data file to create 60 symbols the signal generator replicates the data pattern until there is enough data for 60 symbols For example GSM uses 1 bit per symbol If the user file contains only 24 bits enough for 24 symbols the signal generator replicates the data pattern two more times to create a file with 72 bits The expanded AUTOGEN PRAM 1 file size would show 288 bytes 72 bits x 4 bytes bit Calculating Volatile Memory PRAM Usage for Unframed Data Use this procedure to calculate the memory size for either a bit or binary file To properly demonstrate this process the procedure employs a user file that contains 70 bytes 560 bits
227. erated PRAM data from a system controller to the signal generator s PRAM It explains how to download data directly into PRAM and modulate the carrier signal with the data The control bits included in the PRAM file download control the following signal functions bursting timing signal at the EVENT 1 rear panel connector data pattern reset PRAM data downloads apply to only real time Custom modulation formats PRAM files differ from bit and binary user files Bit and binary user files see page 331 download to non volatile memory and the signal generator loads the user file data into PRAM volatile waveform memory for use The signal generator adds the required control bits when it generates the signal A PRAM file downloads directly into PRAM and it includes seven of the required control bits for each data bit The signal generator adds the remaining control bits when it generates the signal You download the file using either a list or block data format Programs such as MATLAB or MathCad can generate the data This type of signal control enables you to design experimental or proprietary framing schemes After selecting the PRAM file the signal generator builds the modulation scheme by reading data stored in PRAM and constructing framing protocols according to the PRAM file data and the modulation format You can manipulate PRAM data by changing the standard protocols for a modulation format such as the symbol rat
228. es in marker file A numsstr length B mkrCmd MEM DATA UNPR MKRI file name AB Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples end Playing Downloaded Waveforms This example works on either a 32bit or 64bit system that is connected over the LAN So the Waveform Download Assistant which only works on 32bit systems is not required to use this program Additional documentation is available on this program through Matlab by adding your PC s path to the Matlab s path and then from the Matlab command line type help PlayWaveform This is a simple example to play a waveform that was downloaded to the instrument This example can be easily modified to send additional SCPI commands On the documentation CD this programming example s name is PlayWaveform m This MATLAB programming example performs the following functions plays a waveform that has been downloaded function PlayWaveform tcpipAddress name PlayWaveform tcpipAddress name J Copyright 2009 Keysight Technologies Inc Play the waveformin the Signal Generator NPUT PARAMETERS tcpipAddress 141 121 148 188 Whatever works for your signal Generator name Waveform name 21 characters max EXAMPLE name My Test Waveform name tcpipAddress 141 121 151 129 Signal Generator IP Address PlayWave
229. esampledTi me resampledTi me rate destRate else resampledTi me centeredTi me end clip off the center 256 if necessary if length resampl edTi me 5256 the peak point is assumed to be the center maxval index max abs resampledTi me center index eft center 127 right left 255 clippedTi me resampledTi me left right else clippedTime resampl edTi me end corrFilter clippedTi me end function array readArrayOfDoubl es fid line fgets fid array sscanf line g c end Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples Example 2 Reading a PXA Trace and Setting up the Equalization Filter Using Matlab This example is written for N51xxB EXG MXG signal generators For N51xxA MXG signal generators replace the 200MHz value with 125MHz This example reads a PXA trace of Eq Ch Freq Resp or Eq Impls Resp and creates an equalization filter compatible with X Series signal generators function corrFilter loadPxaEgFilter pxaAddress destRate displayCorr corrFilter loadPxaEqFilter pxaAddress destRate displayCorr Reads out the current Equalization filter active on the PXA specified The communication is over TCP IP LAN destRate is assumed to be 200e6 if missing displayCorr is assumed to 0 off if missing Example corrFilter loadPxaEgFilte
230. escription Output a series of SCPI commands to the signal generator es Send query results to stdout Return int non zero if an error occurs PER ERRE RERE LEE EAD ER ARERR LE SEALS ARAL E R RRR KERRE RR OG ROC GIONE e OR Rename this int mainl function to int main Re compile and the j execute the program j FX E EGO EGO E EGO GIO I E RR RRR RR EGO EGO E E RR KKK IG RR RAK KK RK KKK KKK KK int mai nl SOCKET inst Sock long buf Bytes char charBuf char malloc NPUT_ BUF SIZE FEX x GO I EG IO GO RAK RK RAR RK IG E RK RAK KK RAK KY J open a socket connection to the instrument OCCU ROR REE EXE ifdef WINSOCK if init_winsock 0 exi t 1 148 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples endi f WINSOCK instSock openSocket xxxxxx SCPI PORT Put your hostname here if instSock INVALID SOCKET fprintf stderr Unable to open socket n return 1 fprintf stderr Socket opened n bufBytes querylnstrument instSock IDN n char Buf NPUT BUF SIZE printf ID s n char Buf commandi nstrument instSock FREQ 2 5 GHz n printf n bufBytes querylnstrument instSock FREQ CW n char Buf INPUT BUF SIZE printf Frequency 9s n charBuf command nstrument instSock POW AMPL 5 dBm n buf Bytes queryl ns
231. esets parser and clears any pending output 170 CLEAR SCREEN Clears the controller s display 180 OUTPUT Sig gen RST Puts signal generator into a defined state 190 OUTPUT Sig gen FREQ CW Querys the signal generator CW frequency setting 200 ENTER Sig gen F Enter the CW frequency setting 210 Print frequency setting to the controller display 220 PRINT Present source CW frequency is F 1 E 6 MHz 230 PRINT 240 OUTPUT Sig gen POW AMPL Querys the signal generator power level 250 ENTER Sig gen W Enter the power level 260 Print power level to the controller display 2710 PRINT Current power setting is W dBM 280 PRINT 290 OUTPUT Sig gen FREQ MODE Querys the signal generator for frequency mode 300 ENTER Sig gen A I Enter in the mode CW Fixed or List 310 Print frequency mode to the controller display 320 PRINT Source s frequency mode is A 330 PRINT 2 OUTPUT Sig gen OUTP OFF Turns signal generator RF state 0 350 OUTPUT Sig gen OUTP Querys the operating state of the signal generator 360 ENTER Sig gen B I Enter in the state 0 for off 370 Print the on off state of the signal generator to the controller display 380 IF B 0 THEN 390 PRINT Signal Generator output is on 400 ELSE Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 83 84 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples 410 PRINT Signal Generator
232. ex CInt AMPLITUDE Sin 2 pi index SAMPLES intlQ Data 2 index 1 Clnt AMPLITUDE Cos 2 pi index SAMPLES Next index Convert each integer value to a hex string and then write into the iq data byte array MSB LSB ordered For index 0 To 2 SAMPLES 1 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples strSrc Hex int Q Data index convert the integer to a hex value f Len strSrc lt gt 4 Then strSrc String 4 Len strSrc 0 amp strSrc Convert to hex format i e 800F End If Pad with O s if needed to get 4 characters i e 0 to 0000 hiHex Mid strSrc 1 2 Get the first two hex values MSB loHex Mid strSrc 3 2 Get the next two hex values LSB loByte CByte amp H amp loHex Convert to byte data type LSB hi Byte CByte amp H amp hiHex Convert to byte data type MSB iq data 2 index hi Byte MSB into first byte iq data 2 index 1 loByte LSB into second byte Next index Now write the data to the file FileHandle FreeFile Get a file number numPoints UBound ig_data Get the number of bytes in the file Open strFilename For Binary Access Write As FileHandle Len numPoints 1 On Error GoTo file error For index 0 To numPoints data ig data index Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Gui
233. example follows the same coding algorithm as the programming example Creating and Storing Offset I Q Data Big and Little Endian Order on page 258 and performs the following functions e rror checking Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples data creation data normalization data scaling Q signal offset from the carrier single sideband suppressed carrier signal byte swapping and interleaving for little endian order data and Q interleaving for big endian order data binary data file storing to a PC or workstation reversal of the data formatting process byte swapping interleaving and normalizing the data function main Program name offset iq ml Usi ng MatLab this example shows how to 1 Create a simple IQ waveform 2 Save the waveform into the ESG PSG Internal Arb format This format is for the N5182A E4438C E8267C E8267D This format will not work with the ESG E443xB 3 Load the internal Arb format file into a MatLab array 1 Create Simple IQ Signal KKK KKK KK KK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK EEG XXX X x x ES This signal is a single tone on the upper side of the carrier and is usually refered to as a Single Side Band Suppressed Carrier SSBSC signal It is nothing more than a cosine wavefomm in and a sine waveform in Q points 1000 Number of points in th
234. eysight IO libraries are included with your signal generator or Keysight GPIB interface board or they can be downloaded from the Keysight website http www keysight com Type A Front Panel USB Connector For details on using the front panel USB Type A and the front panel USB Media operation refer to the User s Guide Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Keysight Technologies X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 3 Programming Examples Using the Programming Interface Examples on page 64 GPIB Programming Interface Examples on page 70 LAN Programming Interface Examples on page 117 KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES 63 Programming Examples Using the Programming Interface Examples Using the Programming Interface Examples NOTE NOTE The programming examples for remote control of the signal generator use the GPIB and LAN interfaces and demonstrate instrument control using different IO libraries and programming languages Many of the example programs in this chapter are interactive the user will be prompted to perform certain actions or verify signal generator operation or functionality Example programs are written in the following languages HP Basic Cs C C Microsoft Visual Basic 6 0 J ava MATLAB Perl These example programs are also available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM enabling you to cut and paste the examples into a text editor The example pr
235. eysight mxg 32 iremote 71 J J AVA 67 152 J ava example 67 152 K Keysight BASIC See HP BASIC esg memory allocation volatile memory 327 396 volatile memory types 325 Waveform Download Assistant 254 IO Libraries Suite 4 Suite using interactive IO 35 version 15 0 6 version J 38 version M 8 38 61 mxg global settings configuration 19 global settings configuring 322 memory allocation volatile memory 327 setting GPIB address 26 volatile memory types 325 Waveform Download Assistant 254 web server on 15 psg memory allocation volatile memory 327 volatile memory types 325 Waveform Download Assistant 254 Signal Studio 254 Signal Studio Toolkit 206 VISA 10 28 61 70 VISA COM Resource Manager 1 0 66 Keysight VISA 11 kjkj 225 L LabView 11 LAN Auto IP configuration 33 config 36 configuration Keysight mxg 32 33 menu Keysight mxg 31 summary Keysight mxg 18 web server 12 DHCP configuration 33 establishing a connection 245 247 hostname 31 interface 3 10 libraries 10 LXI interface protocols 30 46 manual configuration 32 Matlab 164 Matlab using 158 164 166 overview 30 private 33 program examples 67 117 152 155 158 164 166 programming using J AVA 67 152 queries using sockets 126 Sockets 117 Sockets LAN 30 Telnet 40 troubleshooting 34 verifying operation 34 VXI 11 examples using 117 interface protocols 30 perl using 155 programming examples LAN 117 sockets programming 67 152 LA
236. f Press Enter to continue n printf n Prints new line character getch Waits for user input ngDone 0 Reset the operation complete flag EPrints FRST in Resets the signal generator viPrintf vi OPC n Checks for operation compl ete while IngDone viScanf vi d amp l ngDone Waits for setup to compl ete Print user information printf Press Local on instrument front panel to return to manual mode n printf n Prints new line character Close the sessions vi Cl ose vi viClose defaul t RM Reading the Data Questionable Status Register Using VISA and C In this example the signal generator s data questionable status register is read You will be asked to set up the signal generator for error generating conditions The data questionable status register will be read and the program will notify the user of the error condition that the setup caused Follow the user prompts presented when the program runs Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp source file visaex9 cpp performs the following functions Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples error checking clears the signal generator resets the signal generator the data questionable status register is enabled to read an unleveled conditi
237. figured to trigger only on rising edges The MXG is now sourcing the next signal in its list Once that signal has settled it prepares to move on to its list s next entry The MXG s Waiting For Trigger instrument event transitions high and a LANO output event goes onto the LAN with a rising edge The MXG waits for its next trigger The MXA receives the Lano event and triggers The M XA s Waiting For Trigger instrument event transitions low and a LAN1 output event goes onto the LAN with a falling edge The MXG takes no action since it is configured to trigger only on rising edges The MXA completes its measurement and prepares to move on to the next frequency in its list The MXA s Waiting For Trigger instrument event transitions high and a LAN1 output event goes onto the LAN with a rising edge The MXA waits for its next trigger The two instruments continue to step through their lists until the MXA has completed measurements at every frequency in its list Once the final measurement has completed the OperationComplete instrument event transitions high causing the OperationComplete output event to go out onto the LAN with a rising edge This event may be caught by a controller to signal the end of the measurement The controller may then retrieve the list sweep measurement results from the M XA Synchronize a List Sweep Measurement Between an MXA and an MXG using Peer to Peer Messages 1 Disable LXI Output LAN Events on the MXG Send the f
238. file types that share this memory Table 6 1 Signal Generators and Volatile Memory File Types Volatile Memory Type Model of Signal Generator N5172B with N5182B with N5182A with All Other Option 653 or Option 656 or Option 651 models 655 657 652 or 654 Q X X X Marker X X X File header X X X User PRAM User Binary X X X User Bit Waveform Sequences n ab n a n a multiple Q files played together a Analog signal generator models and vector signal generator models without an installed base band generator option b Waveform sequences are always in non volatile memory Non volatile Storage memory where files survive cycling of the signal generator power Files remain until overwritten or deleted Refer to Table on page 326 for the file types that share this memory Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 325 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Signal Generator Memory Table 6 2 Signal Generators and Non Volatile Memory Types Non Volatile Memory Type Model of Signal Generator multiple Q files played together N5172B with N5182B with N5182A with All Other Option 653 or Option656 or Option651 models 655 657 652 or 654 Q X X X Marker X X X File header X X X Sweep List X X X User PRAM X X User Binary X X X U
239. form tcpipAddress name play the waveform playCmd RAD ARB WAV WFMI name Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 303 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples t tcpip tcpipAddress 5025 f open t f printf t s n playCmd f printf t syst err f gets t fclose t 304 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Visual Basic Programming Examples Creating Q Data Little Endian Order On the documentation CD this programming example s name is Create IQData vb txt This Visual Basic programming example using Microsoft Visual Basic 6 0 uses little endian order data and performs the following functions error checking an Q integer array creation an Q data interleaving byte swapping to convert to big endian order binary data file storing to a PC or workstation Once the file is created you can download the file to the signal generator using FTP see FTP Procedures on page 234 VRKKKKKKKK COE OEC OEC EK KKK KKK GO KKK KK AK KK KKK KK KRKR GGG X XN X E Program Name Create lQData Program Description This program creates a sine and cosine wave using 200 1 Q data samples Each and Q value is represented by a 2 byte integer The sample points are calculated scaled using the AMPLITUDE constant of 32767 and
240. g Examples on page 257 You can use various programming environments to create ARB waveform data Generally there are two types Simulation software this includes MATLAB Keysight Technologies EESof Advanced Design System ADS Signal Processing WorkSystem SPW and so forth Advanced programming languages this includes CH VB VEE MS Visual Studio Net Labview and so forth No matter which programming environment you use to create the waveform data make sure that the data conforms to the data requirements shown on page 207 To learn about I Q data for the signal generator see Understanding Waveform Data on page 208 Code Algorithm This section uses code from the C programming example Importing Byte Swapping Interleaving and Downloading and Q Data Big and Little Endian Order on page 279 to demonstrate how to create and scale waveform data There are three steps in the process of creating an I Q waveform 1 Create the and Q data 2 Save the and Q data to a text file for review 3 Interleave the and Q data to make an I Q file and swap the byte order for little endian platforms For information on downloading Q waveform data to a signal generator refer to Commands and File Paths for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data on page 230 and Downloading Waveform Data on page 244 1 Create and Q data The following lines of code create scaled and Q data for a sine wave Th
241. g I Q Data Big Endian Order On the documentation CD this programming example s name is impDwnLd c txt This C programming example compiled using Metrowerks CodeWarrier 3 0 assumes that the data is in big endian order and performs the following functions error checking binary file importing from the PC or workstation binary file download to the signal generator Description Send a file in blocks of data to a signal generator include lt sicl h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt stdio h gt include lt string h gt ATTENTION Configure these three lines appropriately for your instrument NI and use before compiling and running char instOpenString gpib7 19 for LAN replace with lan hostname or IP address const char localSrcFile D home TEST WAVE enter file location on PC workstation const char instDestFile USER BBG1 WAVEFORM TEST WAVE for non volatile memory remove BBG from file path ll Size of the copy buffer const int BUFFER SIZE 100 1024 int mai n INST id iopen instOpenString if lid Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 271 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples fprintf stderr iopen failed s n instOpenString return 1 FILE file fopen localSrcFile rb if Ifile fprintf stderr Could not open file s n local
242. g and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples markers 4 1 16 1 header sampleRate 50e6 Set Sample Rate to 50 Download tcpipAddress iqWave name markers header Range checks if nargin 2 error ERROR download Insufficient input parmaeters end if length iqWave 60 error ERROR download iqWave must contain 60 or more points end if nargin lt s3 name NO NAME end if nargin 4 markers zeros 4 length iqWave markers 1 4 1 end if nargin 5 header end if length iqWave ength markers error ERROR download The length of the iqWave and the marker arrays must be the same J end Process waveform and marker data iqgData rms FormatWaveform iqWave mkrData FormatMarkers markers Download the Waveform wf mCmd CreateWaveformCommand name length iqgWave Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 297 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples mkrCmd CreateMarkerCommand name ength markers hdrCmd CreateHeaderCommand name rms header buf Size 8192 t tcpip tcpipAddress 5025 t OutputBufferSize buf Size Order dependency on download 1 Waveform 2 Markers 3 Header fopen t fprintf t s wf mCmd Wfwrite t igData int16 Use loop to prevent the need for a buffer as big as waveform WriteData t iqData 2 buf Size fprintf t ln fp
243. g the address string For example change the GPIB 19 IN STR address string to TCPIP hostname INSTR where hostname is the IP address or hostname of the signal generator The VXI 11 protocol has the same capabilities as GPIB See the section Setting Up the LAN Interface on page 31 for more information To communicate with the signal generator over the LAN interface you must enable the VXI 11 SCPI service For more information refer to Configuring the VXI 11 Service on page 31 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 117 118 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples VXI 11 Programming Using SICL and C The following program uses the VXI 11 protocol and SICL to control the signal generator Before running this code you must set up the interface using the Keysight IO Libraries IO Config utility vxisicl cpp performs the following functions sets signal generator to 1 GHz CW frequency queries signal generator for an ID string error checking The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as vxisicl cpp LEER ELER ELD EERE EE REL ERE RE EER EAE LE EE EAN E EORR GRO BOR ER RR Ro Reo NI PROGRAM NAME vxisicl cpp I PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Sample test program using SICL and the VXI 11 protocol NOTE You must have the Keysight 10 Libraries installed to run this program This example uses the VXI 11
244. ge 28 Interface Check Using NI 488 2 and C on page 29 Before Using the GPIB Examples If the Keysight GPIB interface card is used the Keysight VISA library should be installed along with Keysight SICL If the National Instruments PCI GPIB interface card is used the NI VISA library along with the NI 488 2 library should be installed Refer to Selecting IO Libraries for GPIB on page 10 and the documentation for your GPIB interface card for details HP Basic addresses the signal generator at 719 The GPIB card is addressed at 7 and the signal generator at 19 The GPIB address designator for other libraries is typically GPIBO or GPIB1 The following sections contain HP Basic and C lines of programming removed from the programming interface examples in Chapter 3 Programming Examples these portions of programming demonstrate the important features to consider when developing programming for use with the GPIB interface Interface Check using HP Basic and GPIB This portion of the example program Interface Check using HP Basic and GPIB on page 28 causes the signal generator to perform an instrument reset The SCPI command RsT places the signal generator into a pre defined state and the remote annunciator R appears on the front panel display The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as basicex1 txt For the full text of this program refer to Interface Check using HP Basic
245. ge of 0 65535 but the signal generator divides this range between positive and negative values 32767 positive full scale output 0 0 volts 32768 negative full scale output Because the DAC s range uses both positive and negative values the signal generator requires signed input values The following list illustrates the DAC s input value range Voltage DAC Range Input Range Binary Data Hex Data Vmax 65535 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF 32768 1 00000000 00000001 0001 0 Volts 32767 0 00000000 00000000 0000 32766 1 11111111 11111111 FFFF Vmin 0 32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Notice that it takes only 15 bits 21 gt to reach the Vmax positive or Vmin negative values The MSB determines the sign of the value This is covered in 2 s Complement Data Format on page 214 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 211 212 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Understanding Waveform Data Using E443xB ESG DAC Input Values Keysight E443xBsignal generator models have a DAC input range that is different from other Keysight signal generator models For E443xB models the input values are all positive unsigned and the data is contained within 14 bits plus 2 bits for markers This means that the E443xB DAC has a smaller range 0 negative full scale output 8192 0 volts 16383 positive full scale output Although X Series and MXG signal generators use signed input values
246. generator measures a PRAM file size in units of bytes each 32 bit word equals 4 bytes Determining the File Size The following example shows how to calculate a downloaded file size using a PRAM file that contains 89 bytes data bits plus 7 control bits per data bit 89 bytes 89 x 24 bits 8 2 356 bytes Because the file downloads one fourth of the translated 32 bit word another method to calculate the file size is to multiply the downloaded file size by four 89 bytes x 4 2356 bytes See also Signal Generator Memory on page 325 and Checking Available Memory on page 329 Minimum File Size A PRAM file requires a minimum of 60 bytes to create a signal If the downloaded file contains less than 60 bytes the signal generator replicates the file until the file size meets the 60 byte minimum This replication process occurs after you select the file and turn the modulation format on The following example shows this process using a downloaded 14 byte file During the file download the 14 bytes are translated into 56 bytes fourteen 32 bit words 14 bytes x 4 256 bytes FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE 4 000 000 000 00 s 136 00 om nop r OH File size increases by a factor of 4 Catalog of UFN1 Files 1656 bytes used 134033408 but ree File Hame Type Size Nodified 1 PRAMS_LIST_AGBYTES WFM1 SS E E 2 RAMP_TEST_WEM HFHi 2 4 i After selecting and turning the format on the signal generator repl
247. gister The Data Questionable Event Enable Register lets you choose which bits in the Data Questionable Event Register set the summary bit bit 3 of the Status Byte Register to 1 Command STATus QUEStionable ENABle value Where value is the sum of the decimal values ofthe bits you want to enable Example Enable bit 9 and bit 3 so that whenever either of those bits are set to 1 the Data Questionable Status summary bit of the Status Byte Register is set to 1 Send the command STAT QUES ENAB 520 512 4 8 Query STATus QUEStionable ENABle Response Decimal value of the sum of the bits previously enabled with the STATus QUEStionable ENABle lt value gt command Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Power Status Group NOTE Some of the bits in this status group do not apply to all models and return zero when queried See Table 4 5 on page 194 for more information The Data Questionable Power Status Group is used to determine the specific event that set bit 3 in the Data Questionable Condition Register This group consists of the Data Questionable Power Condition Register the Data Questionable Power Transition Filters negative and positive the Data Questionable Power Event Register and the Data Questionable Power Event Enable Register NOTE Some signal generator models may use only a subset of the stat
248. gnal generator s external USB flash memory port is used the USB flash memory can provide actual physical storage of non volatile data in the SECUREWAVE directory versus the virtual only data ARB waveform encryption of proprietary information is supported on the external non volatile USB flash memory To copy unencrypted data files from an external media as in USB Flash Drive UFD for playing on a signal generator the full filename extension is required i e MARKER HEADER WAVEFORM etc For more information on unencrypted data refer to Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data on page 228 For more information on how to work with files refer to the User s Guide To copy compatible licensed encrypted data files i e SECUREWAVE from an external media download copy the files to the signal generator refer to the User s Guide for information on how to work with files When using the external media along with the signal generator s Use as or Copy File to Instrument softkey menus encrypted data files can be automatically detected by the signal generator regardless of the suffix e g wfm wvfm and no suffix etc These various waveform files can be selected and played by the signal generator For more information on encrypted data refer to Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data on page 228 When using the Copy File to Instrument the signal generator prompts the user to select between
249. gramming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples Library Function Statement Initial ization Command VISA Library In VISA the viTerminate command requests a VISA session to viTerminate terminate normal execution of an asynchronous operation The parameter list parameter list describes the session and job id NI 488 2 The NI 488 2 library function aborts any asynchronous read ibstop int ud write or command operation that is in progress The parameter ud is the interface or device descriptor SICL The Keysight SICL function aborts any command currently iabort id executing with the session id This function is supported with C C H on Windows 3 1 and Series 700 HP UX Remote Function The HP Basic function REMOTE and the other listed IO library functions change the signal generator from local operation to remote operation In remote operation the front panel keys are disabled except for the Local key and the line power switch Pressing the Local key restores manual operation Library Function Statement Initial ization Command HP Basic The REMOTE 719 function disables the front panel 10 REMOTE 719 operation of all keys with the exception of the Local key VISA Library The VISA library at this time does not have a similar N A command NI 488 2 The NI 488 2 library function asserts the Remote Enable EnableRemote REN GPIB line All devices listed in the parame
250. gs For more information refer to the help software of the IO libraries being used For Windows 7 Telnet functionality is disabled by default To enable Telnet got to Start Control Panel Programs and Features Tum Windows features on or off and select the Telnet Client checkbox Click OK and restart your PC The following telnet LAN connections are discussed Using Telnet On a PC With a Host Port Setting Menu GUI on page 41 Using Telnet On a PC With a Command Prompt Interface on page 41 The Standard UNIX Telnet Command on page 42 A Telnet example is provided in Unix Telnet Example on page 44 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Using Telnet On a PC With a Host Port Setting Menu GUI 1 2 5 6 7 Figure 2 4 Figure 2 5 A Telnet tpvip1 Connect Edt Jeimnal Help Agilent Technologies E8254A SN USUBOBODOL Firmware Har 28 2001 11 23 18 Hostname 8001p1 IP SCPI gt IDN Agilent Technologies E8254A USG80000005 C 01 00 SCPI gt RST SCPI POW RMPL 10 dbm SCPI POW 1 08ngnagor 001 scel B Launch either the Start Menu s Command Prompt or Run utility Type Telnet and press the Enter key Command Prompt or click OK Run utility The Telnet connection screen will be displayed Click on the Connect menu then select Remote System A connection form is displayed See Figure 2 4 Enter the hostname p
251. guage to communicate with the signal generator The program verifies that the GPIB connections and interface are functional Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp source file visaex1 cpp performs the following functions verifies the GPIB connections and interface are functional switches the signal generator into remote operation mode The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaexi cpp ff SEER BEEBE E OE EG RR EEE EEE ES ERG EG RE ORE RE REE AR ORR ER RS RR E PROGRAM NAME vi saex1 cpp PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This example program verifies that the GPIB connections and and interface are functional Turn signal generator power off then on and then run the program 5X oo EGO E E EG RRR RRR IO IO DEG E EG EG E I RRR KR RAK RAK EK EK EGO KKK KK KKK KK X include visa h gt include lt stdio h gt include StdAfx h include lt stdlib h gt void main ViSession defaultRM vi Declares a variable of type Vi Session I for instrument communication Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 77 78 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples ViStatus viStatus 0 Opens a session to the GPIB device at address 19 viStatus vi OpenDef aul tRM amp def aul t RM viStatus viOpen defaultRM GPIB 19 INSTR VI NULL VI_NUL
252. he argument list The parameter list includes the session id and string argument NI 488 2 The NI 488 2 library function addresses the GPIB reads data ibrd parameter bytes from the signal generator and stores the data into a list specified buffer The parameter list includes the instrument address and session id SICL The Keysight SICL function reads formatted data converts it iscanf parameter and stores the results into the argument list The conversionis List done using conversion rules for the format string The parameter list includes the instrument address formatted data to read and so forth Interface Check using HP Basic and GPIB This simple program causes the signal generator to perform an instrument reset The SCPI command RsT places the signal generator into a pre defined state and the remote annunciator R appears on the front panel display The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as basicex1 txt 10 KKK XC KK KOKK K KKK KK KKK KK KKK KKK KKK KKK K KKK KKK KK KKK CC GG GE XC GG XX EEG XX 20 30 PROGRAM NAME basicexl txt 40 50 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This program verifies that the GPIB connections and 60 interface are functional 70 80 Connect a controller to the signal generator using a GPIB cable 90 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examp
253. ht EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN OUTP ON 13 Configure the MXG s LXI Output LAN Event Send the following SCPI commands LXI EVENt OUTPut LAN DRIVe LANO NORMal LXI EVENCt OUTPut LAN SLOPe LANO POS LXI EVENt OUTPut LAN SOURCe LANO Waiting For Trigger Together these commands will cause the MXG to send a LANO peer to peer message every time the Waiting For Trigger instrument event changes state 14 Set the MXG s trigger source Send the following SCPI command LIST TRIG SOUR LAN 15 Enable the MXG s LXI LAN Event trigger Send the following SCPI command TRIG LXI LAN ENABled LAN1 1 16 Enable the MXG s LXI Output LAN Event Send the following SCPI command LXI EVENt OUTPut LAN ENABled LANO 1 17 Disable LXI Output LAN Events on the MXA Send the following SCPI command LXI EVENt OUTPut LAN DISable ALL 18 Put the MXA into SA mode Send the following SCPI command INST SEL SA 19 Put the MXA into single sweep mode Send the following SCPI command INIT CONT OFF 20 Choose the MXA s PTP domain Send the following SCPI command LXI CLOCk PTP DOMain 0 The parameter value should match the one used in step 3 21 Choose the MXA s LXI domain Send the following SCPI command Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 55 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN LXI EVENt DOMain 0 The parameter value should match the one used in step 4 2
254. ht Signal Studio Toolkit 206 Waveform Download Assistant 206 waveform data advanced programming languages 246 commands 228 e443xb signal generator files 212 255 encrypted files for extraction 233 FTP procedures 234 memory locations 228 overview 205 244 simulation software 244 unencrypted files for extraction 231 unencrypted files for no extraction 231 user data files using 323 download libraries 10 downloaded PRAM files data sources 358 downloading block data SCPI command 355 SCPI command programming syntax 357 C using 258 MATLAB 293 Visual Basic 308 downloads PRAM data e4438c 350 e8267d 350 E e443xb files downloading 255 256 formatting 212 256 programming examples 279 edit VISA config 9 EnableRemote 71 encryption downloading for extraction 233 extracting waveform data 232 233 1 Q files 228 securewave directory esg 228 psg 228 waveform data 228 enter function 74 equalization filter 368 filter user 368 errors 21 35 ESE commands 180 even number of samples 218 event enable register description 184 event registers description 184 examples save and recall 370 Telnet 44 external media See USB media external memory See USB media externally applied AC coupled FM signals generate using VISA and C 93 extract user file data 362 extracting PRAM files 360 F file size determining PRAM 353 minimum PRAM 353 PRAM 353 file types See data types files decryption 228 encryption 228 error mes
255. icates the file contents to create the 60 byte minimum file size Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 353 354 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads 60 bytes 14 bytes 4 29 file replications The signal generator rounds this real value up to the next highest integer In this example the signal generator replicates the fourteen 32 bit words 56 bytes by a factor of 5 which makes the final file size 280 bytes This equates to a 70 byte file 14 bytes x 5 70 bytes 70 70 x 24 8 2 280 bytes Or 56 bytes x 5 280 bytes FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE 1 000 000 000 00 sz 10 00 a cusTon 2 v ENULP 1 0 File size increases by a factor of 5 Catalog of HIFI Files 1880 bytes used 134033408 butes fret File Hame Type PRAMS_LIST_1LBYTES HFM1 RaMP TEST MFM HFHi Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads SCPI Command for a List Format Download Using the list format enter the data in the command line using comma separated decimal values This file type takes longer to download because the signal generator must parse the data When creating the data remember that the signal generator requires a minimum of 60 bytes For more information on file size limits see PRAM File Size on page 353 Command Syntax MEMory DATA PRAM FILE LIST
256. ider re naming the files to lanio cpp and getopt cpp Considerations On UNIX systems file 1 0 can be used on network sockets This makes programming very convenient since routines like getc fgets fscanf and fprintf can be used These j routines typically use the lower level read and write calls x In the Windows environment file operations such as read write and close cannot be assumed to work correctly when applied to Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 127 128 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples x sockets Instead the functions send and recv MUST be used FOROR RRR EI RR RRR RE RER ELAS SEAL LSE LSE AED AL SRA LEE LS ALD RO GEO obe meer n Support both Win32 and HP UX UNIX environment ifdef _WIN32 Visual C 6 0 will define this define WINSOCK endi f ifndef WINSOCK ifndef _HPUX SOURCE define HPUX SOURCE endif dendi f include lt stdio h gt for fprintf and NULL include lt string h gt for memcpy and memset include lt stdlib h gt for malloc atol include lt errno h gt for strerror ifdef WINSOCK include windows h gt ifndef _WINSOCKAPI_ include lt winsock h gt BSD style socket functions endif else UNIX with BSD sockets include sys socket h for connect and socket include neti net in h for sock
257. ight mxg 32 Keysight mxg menus 31 HP BASIC 11 HP Basic local lockout 78 queries 82 1 0 libraries See IO libraries I Q data creating advanced programming languages 238 encryption 228 interleaving big endian and little endian 240 byte swapping 240 little endian byte swapping 240 waveform data creating 214 memory locations 223 242 saving to a text file for review 240 scaling 212 waveform structure 218 iabort 70 ibloc 72 73 ibstop 70 395 ibwrt 73 iclear 73 IEEE standard 24 69 igpibllo 72 iloc 72 input values DAC 211 instrument communication 6 8 state files overview 369 SCPI commands recalling 369 SCPI commands saving 369 instrument status monitoring 172 interactive IO 4 35 interface cards 24 69 GPIB 25 LAN 3 RS 2323 USB Keysight mxg only 3 interleaving See I Q data 214 internal web server FTP procedure 347 internal storage See storage internally applied FM signals generate using VISA and C 95 IO Config computer to instrument communication 8 Keysight IO libraries Suite 4 VISA manual 9 IO Configure Using VISA Assistant 36 IO interface 6 8 IO libraries GPIB interface installing 24 GPIB installing interface cards 69 GPIB selecting for 10 GPIB verifying 26 interactive IO using 35 program languages overview 4 signal generator remote control 2 suite overview 4 USB selecting for 61 VISA LAN troubleshooting 36 IP address LAN interface 31 LAN assigning 31 setting 31 33 setting K
258. ile waveform memory NVWFM to volatile waveform memory WFM 1 On the Keysight X Series Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Memory and MXG the non volatile memory is referred to as internal media and external media The following file types share this memory Table 5 2 Signal Generators and Non Volatile Memory Types Non Volatile Memory Type Model of Signal Generator N5172B N5182A with N5182B with an installed an installed BBG option BBG option Q X X Marker X X File header X X Sweep List X X User Data X X User PRAM X Instrument State X X Waveform Sequences X X multiple Q files played together The following figure on Figure 5 1 on page 224 shows the locations within the signal generator for volatile and non volatile waveform data Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 223 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Memory Figure 5 1 File Structure Map Root directory USER C Non volatile 3 Waveform sequences aa CJ X Series and MXG media Volatile waveform File listing with extentions SEQ directory J u BBG1 Volatile waveform data y Non volatile waveform data internal storage 2 E EG GS I 5 M amp B HEADER MARKERS WAVEFORM SECUREWAVE HEADER MARKERS WAVEFORM SECUREWAVE
259. iling newline if present And terminate string resultBytes strlen result if result resultBytes 1 n resultBytes 1 result resultBytes 0 while 0 return result Bytes EER ERERERELEES REESE REBEL ER EES ERERE ES EREEE EERE LER ER ERE REE BEERS Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 139 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples gt Function showErrors Description Query the SCPI error queue until empty Print results Return void RRR KKK EGO E EG EG EG RR RRR RR EGO RARER RRR E E IG E RAR GE RRR RAR EE GGG GE E E RK RK Ff void showErrors SOCKET sock const char command SYST ERR n char result str 256 do queryl nstrument sock command result str sizeof result str 1 F5 E EGG EGO E E RR RRR RRR EG EGO E EG EG E IO EG E EG EGO EGO E E GO EGG IG GG RK E G X Typical result str 221 Settings conflict Frequency span reduced 0 No error Don t bother decoding ERRER ERER EE RE ERRE E LE EE EE ORE OE ORO E RUE AL EL OE ALLS LD eo Ee E e ode ee if strnemp result str 0 3 0 Matched 0 No error break puts result str while 1 140 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples PEER ERESEEEEERS PEER ERERE LER EES ERE RES ERE EEE EERE RE RE EEE REE ERE ART gt
260. ill be used to communicate to the other device that the next step may be executed For clarity the MXG s Waiting For Trigger instrument event is mapped to the LANO output event Likewise the MXA s Waiting For Trigger instrument event is mapped to the LAN1 output event The MXA is configured to trigger when it receives the LANO event with a rising edge The MXG is configured to trigger when it receives the LAN1 event with a rising edge Also the OperationComplete output event is enabled which has the OperationComplete instrument event mapped to it by default Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN The MXG s list sweep is started first causing it to source the first signal in its list We then start the MXA s list sweep The Operat ionComplete instrument event transitions low causing an OperationComplete output event to go out on the LAN with a falling edge The MXA takes a measurement at the first frequency in its list When the MXA has finished its measurement it moves on to the next entry in its list The Waiting For Trigger instrument event transitions high causing a LAN1 output event to go out onto the LAN with a rising edge and the MXA waits for its next trigger The MXG receives the LAN1 event and triggers The MXG s Waiting For Trigger instrument event transitions low and a LANO output event goes onto the LAN with a falling edge The MXA takes no action since it is con
261. in the project Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples NOTE Change the TCPIP0 address in the instOpenString declaration to match the IP address of your signal generator Hf FEX EARR EAE o o E E EGG I GO E EG EG EGO E EG EG E RR E I E EG EGO EGO E E EGG EGG IG E EG RK KEKE amp include stdafx h amp include visa h include lt iostream gt include lt windows h gt void main ViStatus stat ViSession defaultRM inst int npoints 101 double dwell 0 01 int intCounter 5 char instOpenString TCPIPO 141 121 93 101 INSTR stat viOpenDefaul ERM amp def aul t RM stat viOpen defaultRM instOpenString VI NULL VI NULL amp i nst preset to start clean stat YP nti inst RSTn 73 l set power level for 10dBm Stat viPrintf inst POW 10DBM n set the start and stop frequency for the sweep stat viPrintf inst FREQ START 1GHZ n stat viPrintf inst FREQ STOP 2GHZ n setup dwell per point Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 101 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples stat viPrintf inst SWEEP DWELL e n dwell setup number of points stat viPrintf inst SWEEP POINTS d n npoints l set interface timeout to double the expected sweep ti me sweep takes l5ms dwell per point number
262. ing Waveform Data on page 238 Downloading Waveform Data on page 244 Loading Playing and Verifying a Downloaded Waveform on page 250 Using the Download Utilities on page 254 Downloading E443xB Signal Generator Files on page 255 Programming Examples on page 257 Troubleshooting Waveform Files on page 321 205 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Overview of Downloading and Extracting Waveform Files Overview of Downloading and Extracting Waveform Files NOTE 206 The signal generator lets you download and extract waveform files You can create these files externally and download them to the signal generator The signal generator also accepts waveforms files created for some earlier signal generator models For file extractions the signal generator encrypts the waveform file information The exception to encrypted file extraction is user created I Q data The signal generator lets you extract this type of file unencrypted After extracting a waveform file you can download it into another Keysight signal generator that has the same option or software license required to play it Waveform files consist of three items 1 1 Q data 2 Marker data 3 File header This order of download is required as the I Q data downloads results in the overwriting of all of these three parts of the file The signal generator automatically creates the marker file and the file header if the two items are not p
263. intf Check instruments and connections n printf n exit 0 viClear vi Clears the signa generator viPrintf vi RST n Resets the signa generator viPrintf vi CLS n Clears the status byte register viPrintf vi FREQ MODE LIST n Sets the sig gen freq mode to list viPrintf vi LIST TYPE STEP n l Sets sig gen LIST type to step viPrintf vi FREQ STAR 500 MHzin Sets start frequency viPrintf vi FREQ STOP 800 MHz n Sets stop frequency viPrintf vi SWE POIN 10 n Sets number of steps 30 mHz step viPrintf vi SWE DWEL 5 S n Sets dwell time to 500 ms step viPrintf vi POW AMPL 5 dBm n Sets the power level for 5 dBm viPrintf vi OUTP STAT ON n Turns RF output on viPrintf vi INIT CONT ON n Begins the step sweep operation Print user information printf The signal generator is in step sweep mode The frequency range is n printf 500 to 800 mHz There is a 5 sec dwell time at each 30 mHz step n printf n Prints a carriage return line feed viPrintf vi OUTP STAT OFF n Turns the RF output off Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 99 100 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples printf Press the front panel Local key to return the n printf signal generator to manual operation n Closes the sessions printf n viClose vi
264. ion the session identifier is always set to zero This occurs if the connection fails To usethis function in C you must include the standard header include lt sicl h gt before the main function 3 7 If id 0 the program prints out the error message and exits the program 2 Download the Q data The following code sends the SCPI command and downloads the generated waveform data to the signal generator Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 247 248 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Downloading Waveform Data Line CodeDescription Download the I Q Data 8 int bytesToSend 9 bytesToSend numsamples 4 10 char s 20 11 char cmd 200 12 Sprintf s d bytesToSend 13 sprintf cmd MEM DATA WFM1 FILE1 d d strlen s bytesToSend 14 iwrite id cmd strlen cmd 0 0 15 iwrite id igbuffer bytesToSend 0 0 16 iwrite id n 1 1 0 Line Code Description Download the I Q data 8 Define an integer variable bytesToS end to store the number of bytes to send to the signal generator 9 Calculate the total number of bytes and store the value in the integer variable defined in line 8 In this code numsamples contains the number of waveform points not the number of bytes Because it takes four bytes of data two bytes and two Q bytes to create one waveform point we have to multiply numsamples by four This is shown in
265. ion on manual key presses for the following remote procedures refer to the User s Guide FIR Filter Data for Custom Modulation The following remote command selects user FIR filter data as the active filter for a custom modulation format RADio CUSTom FILTer lt file name gt This command selects the user FIR filter specified by the file name as the active filter for the custom modulation format After selecting the file activate the TDMA format with the following command RADio CUSTom STATe On Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files FIR Filter Coefficient Downloads Modulating and Activating the Carrier The following commands set the carrier frequency and power and turns on the modulation and the RF output 1 Set the carrier frequency to 2 5 GHz FREQuency FIXed 2 5GHZ 2 Set the carrier power to 10 0 dBm POWer LEVel 10 0DBM 3 Activate the modulation OUTPut MODulation STATe ON 4 Activate the RF output OUTPut STATe ON Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 367 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Using the Equalization Filter Using the Equalization Filter NOTE This section applies to vector models with an installed baseband generator option An equalization FIR file can be created externally uploaded via SCPI and subsequently selected from the file system refer to the User s Guide F
266. ionships between the interface IO libraries programming language and signal generator Figure 1 1 Software Hard ware Layers Programming Language C C Visual BASIC LabView VEE etc VISA Keysight VISA Saone Instrume nts f National Instruments Keysight SICL NI 488 2 Library Keysight GPIB NI PCI GPIB Interface Card Interface Card Signal Generator 2 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Interfaces Table 1 2 Getting Started with Remote Operation Interfaces GPIB GPIB is used extensively when a dedicated computer is available for remote control of each instrument or system Data transfer is fast because GPIB handles information in bytes with data transfer rates of up to 8 MBps GPIB is physically restricted by the location and distance between the instrument system and the computer cables are limited to an average length of two meters per device with a total length of 20 meters For more information on configuring the signal generator to communicate over the GPIB refer to Using GPIB on page 24 LAN USB Data transfer using the LAN is fast as the LAN handles packets of data The single cable distance between a computer and the signal generator is limited to 100 meters 100Base T and 10Base T The following protocols can be used to communicate with the signal generator over the LAN VXI 11 recommended Sockets TELNET FTP The Keysight N51xxA MXG supp
267. ird argument of iwrite strlen cmd informs the signal generator of the number of bytes in the command string The signal generator parses the string to determine the number of data bytes it expects to receive The fourth argument of iwrite 0 means there is no END of file indicator for the string This lets the session remain open so the program can download the user file data 340 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Line Code Description Download User File Data Send the user file data stored in the array databuffer to the signal generator iwrite sends the data specified in databuffer to the signal generator session identifier specified in id The third argument of iwrite bytesToSend contains the length of the databuffer in bytes In this example it is 2000 The fourth argument of iwrite 0 means there is no END of file indicator in the data In many programming languages there are two methods to send SCPI commands and data Method 1 where the program stops the data download when it encounters the first zero END indicator in the data Method 2 where the program sends a fixed number of bytes and ignores any zeros in the data This is the method used in our program For your programming language you must find and use the equivalent of method two Otherwi
268. is sent or if the Preset key is pressed N A SetRWLS list parameter SICL The Keysight SICL igpibllo prevents function prevents user access to front panel keys operation The function puts an instrument identified by the id parameter into remote mode with local lockout The parameter id is the session identifier and instrument address list igpibllo id Library HP Basic Local Function The HP Basic function LoCAL and the other listed functions return the signal generator to local control with a fully enabled front panel Function Statement The LOCAL 719 function returns the signal generator to manual operation allowing access to the signal generator s front panel keys Initial ization Command 10 LOCAL 719 VISA Library The VISA library at this time does not have a similar command N A NI 488 2 The NI 488 2 library function places the interface in local mode and allows operation of the signal generator s front panel keys The ud parameter in the parameter list is the interface or device descriptor ibloc int ud SICL The Keysight SICL function puts the signal generator into Local operation enabling front panel key operation The id parameter identifies the session iloc id 72 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples Clear Function The HP Basic func
269. ite id cmd strlen cmd 0 0 iwrite id databuffer bytesToSend 0 0 iwrite id n 1 1 0 Line Code Description Download User File Data Define an integer variable bytesToS end to store the number of bytes to send to the signal generator Calculate the total number of bytes and store the value in the integer variable defined in line 1 Create a string large enough to hold the bytesToSend value as characters In this code string s is set to 20 bytes 20 characters one character equals one byte Create a string and set its length cmd 200 to hold the SCP command syntax and parameters In this code we define the string length as 200 bytes 200 characters Store the value of bytesToSend in string s For example if bytesToSend 2000 s 2000 sprintf is a standard function in C which writes string data to a string variable Store the SCPI command syntax and parameters in the string cmd The SCPI command prepares the signal generator to accept the data strlen is a standard function in C which returns length of a string f bytesToSend 22000 then s 2 2000 strlen s 24 so cmd MEM DATA BIN FILE1V 42000 Send the SCPI command stored in the string cmd to the signal generator contained in the variable id iwrite is a SICL function in Keysight IO library which writes the data block data specified in the string cmd to the signal generator The th
270. ite the command mmem data and the header The number lenLen represents the number of bytes and the actual number of bytes is the variable enToSend sprintf char s2 mmem data s d d instDestFile lenLen lenToSend Send the command and header to the signal generator viWrite vi s2 strlen char s2 0 long numRead Send file in BUFFER SIZE chunks to the signal generator Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 271 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples do umRead fread buf sizeof char BUFFER SIZE file viWrite vi buf numRead 0 while numRead BUFFER SIZE Send the terminating newline and EOI viSetAttribute vi VI ATTR SEND END EN 1 char newLine n viWrite vi unsigned char newLine 1 0 delete buf else fprintf stderr Could not allocate memory for copy buffer n fclose file vi Close vi vi Close defaul t RM return 0 278 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Importing Byte Swapping Interleaving and Downloading and Q Data Big and Little Endian Order On the documentation CD this programming example s name is impDwnLd2_c txt This C programming example compiled using Microsoft Visual C 6 0 performs the following functions H error checking binar
271. ith writeMxgFir a n5182a 00211 cft corrFilter if nargin l nargin gt 2 error corrFilter loadVsaEgFilter filename destRate destRate is assumed to be 125e6 if missing end if nargin 2 destRatez125e6 end load filter struct from mat file filterStruct load filename coeffs double filterStruct Y Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples if filterStruct XDomain 1 frequency rate filterStruct XDelta length coeffs frequency range is also rate VSA software supplies centered frequency domain else time domain is 2 rate l filterStruct XDelta inverse of time step is frequency convert to frequency domain must center frequency domain to match what comes fromthe VSA software coeffs fftshift fft coeffs end invert invertedFreqDomain 1 coeffs convert to time domain first placing the 0 frequency at the left edge timeDomain ifft ifftshift invertedFreqDomain if filterStruct XDomain 1 frequency put time domain 0 time in center len l engt h ti meDomai n if mod length timeDomain 2 1 odd centerzceil len 2 centeredTi me 1 center 1 ti meDomai n center l end centeredTi me center len ti meDomai n 1 center else even topHalf length ti meDomai n 2 1 centeredTi me 1 topHalf 1 ti meDomai n topHalf end centeredTi me topHalf len time
272. iting a file after downloading see Modifying User File Data on page 345 User File Size For Custom when the signal generator creates the signal it loads the data from non volatile memory into volatile memory which is also the same memory that the signal generator uses for Arb based waveforms For user data files volatile memory is commonly referred to as pattern ram memory PRAM Because Custom user files use volatile memory their maximum file size depends on the baseband generator BBG option and the amount of available PRAM volatile memory that resides on the BBG Table 6 6 shows the maximum user file size for each baseband generator memory option Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Table 6 6 Maximum User File Size Modulation Baseband Generator Memory Option rome Standard 021 022 023 Custom 32 MB 256 MB 512 MB 1024 MB a File size with no other files residing in volatile memory For more information on signal generator memory see Signal Generator Memory on page 325 To determine how much memory is remaining in non volatile and volatile memory see Checking Available Memory on page 329 Determining Memory Usage for Custom User File Data For Custom user files the signal generator uses both non volatile and volatile PRAM waveform memory you download the us
273. kTest The signal generator is set for 1 GHz and queried for its id string 5X Eoo EGO E E EG OE GIO OE I EG IO IO D EGG EG E I GIO KR RAR RAK E EG EG EGO KKK KK KKK KKK import java io import java net class Scpi SockTest public static void main String args String instrumentName Xxxxx Put instrument hostname here try Socket t new Socket instrumentName 5025 Connect to instrument I Setup read write mechanism Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 153 154 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples BufferedWriter out new BufferedWriter new OutputStreamWriter t getOutputStream BufferedReader in new BufferedReader new InputStreamReader t getIi nputStream System out println Setting frequency to 1 GHz out write freg 1GHz n l Sets frequency out flush System out printin Waiting for source to settle out write opc n Waits for compl etion out flush String opcResponse in readLine if opcResponse equals 1 System err println Invalid response to OQPC System exit 1 System out printin Retrieving instrument ID out write idn n Querys the id string out flush String idnResponse in readLi ne Reads the id string Prints the id string System out printi n Instrument ID idnResponse catch IOException e
274. l generator s memory catalog files il 1 91 244 icrosoft Internet Explorer pr led t ilent T File dit View orites Te elp gt sed 23 P sen f Folders Ei Address M ftp 141 121 91 244 EE lt o PHI e C ws E E Other i ARBI ARBQ BBG1 BBG BIN t Internet Explorer iE My Documents EJ zzi zi EJ Wy My Network Places L MARKERS NVARBI NVARBQ SECUREWAVE SEQ WAVEFORM Use the FTP window to drag and drop files from the FTP page to your computer Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE NOTE Getting Started with Remote Operation Using the Web Browser LAN Configuration System Defaults The instrument s LAN configuration system information can be found on the signal generator s homepage and on the signal generator Refer to Enabling the Signal Generator Web Server on page 15 and to Displaying the LAN Configuration Summary on page 18 If the instrument has been restored to the factory defaults from the LAN Setup menu the signal generator will revert to the values displayed in Table on page 17 Refer to Displaying the LAN Configuration Summary on page 18 To reset the instrument LXI password to agilent and the LAN settings to their factory default values press the following key sequence on the signal generator Utility gt 1 O Config gt LAN Setup gt Ad vanced Settings gt More 2 of 2 gt Rest
275. l Generators Programming Guide NOTE NOTE Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data Volatile user bbg1 securewave file_name or swfm file_ name Non volatile user securewave or snvwfm1 file_name To extract files other than user created l Q files and to download encrypted files you must use the securewave directory If you attempt to extract previously downloaded encrypted files including Signal Studio downloaded files without using the securewave directory the signal generator generates an error and displays ERROR 221 Access Denied Encrypted Q Files and the Securewave Directory Header parameters of files stored on the Keysight X Series or MXG s internal or USB media cannot be changed unless the file is copied to the volatile BBG memory For more information on modifying header parameters refer to the User s Guide When downloading encrypted files SECUREWAVE from the USB media that have had the file suffix changed to something other than SECUREWAVE you must use the Use As or Copy File to Instrument menus to play an encrypted waveform file in the signal generator File Transfer Methods SCPI using VXI 11 VMEbus Extensions for Instrumentation as defined in VXI 11 SCPI over the GPIB or RS 232 SCPI with sockets LAN using port 5025 File Transfer Protocol FTP Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 229 NOTE
276. l cpp Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 75 76 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This program verifies that the GPIB connections and interface are functional I Connect a GPIB cable from the PC GPIB card to the signal generator Enter the following code into the source cpp file and execute the program ii KKKKKRKKKKKKK KKK RK KK KKK KKK KR KKK KKK KKK KR KKK KKK KKK KKK RK XXX XXX X EE XXX include stdafx h include lt iostream gt include windows h include Decl 32 h using namespace std int GPIBO 0 Board handle Addr4882 t Address 31 Declares an array of type Addr4882 t int main void int sig Declares a device descriptor variable sig ibdev 0 19 0 13 1 0 Aquires a device descriptor ibclr sig Sends device clear message to signal generator ibwrt sig RST 4 Places the signal generator into a defined state Print data to the output window cout lt lt The signal generator should now be in REMOTE The remote indicator lt lt endl Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples cout lt lt annunciator R should appear on the signal generator di spl ay endl return 0 Interface Check for GPIB Using VISA and C This program uses VISA library functions and the C lan
277. l ter maxTaps maxval index max abs ti meDomai nFilter centerzindex left center maxTaps 2 1 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 167 168 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples if left lt 1 ef ts end ight left maxTaps 1 while right gt length ti meDomai nFilter right right 1 end ti meDomai nFilter ti meDomai nFilter left right end rateAdjustedFilter ti meDomai nFilter open tcp connection tztcpip host 5025 t OutputBufferSizez1024 1024 plenty big for filters write file contents fopen t Wfor writing to a file instead to see what is being output t fopen test w send command with filename fprintf t 9s horzcat MEM DATA FIR instrumentFilename Aro send type if isreal ti meDomai nFilter fprintf t s REAL else convert complex to a real array fprintf t s COMP tempzzeros 1 length ti meDomai nFilter 2 temp 1 2 end zreal ti meDomai nFilter temp 2 2 end i mag ti meDomai nFilter ti meDomai nFil ter ztemp end output osr fprintf t d osr send coefficients fprintf t g ti meDomai nFilter Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples send termi nator fprintf t n fclose t end Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 1
278. lay any error message Close FileHandle End Sub HP Basic Programming Examples This section contains the following programming examples Creating and Downloading Waveform Data Using HP BASIC for Windows on page 312 Creating and Downloading Waveform Data Using HP BASIC for UNIX on page 314 Creating and Downloading E443xB Waveform Data Using HP BASIC for Windows on page 316 Creating and Downloading E443xB Waveform Data Using HP Basic for UNIX on page 318 Creating and Downloading Waveform Data Using HP BASIC for Windows On the documentation CD this programming example s name is hpbasicWin txt The following program will download a waveform using HP Basic for Windows into volatile ARB memory The waveform generated by this program is the same as the default SziNE TEST WFM waveform file available in the signal generator s waveform memory This code is similar to the code shown for BASIC for UNIX but there is a formatting difference in line 130 and line 140 To download into non volatile memory replace line 190 with 190 OUTPUT PSG USING K MMEM DATA NVWFM testfile As discussed at the beginning of this section and Q waveform data is interleaved into one file in 2 s compliment form and a marker file is associated with this I Q waveform file In the Output commands USING k formats the data The pound symbol Suppresses the automatic EOL End of Line output This a
279. le Downloads To download a user file as a binary file type means that the signal generator when the file is selected for use sees all of the data contained within the file For more information on binary files see Binary File Type Data on page 335 There are two ways to download the file to be able to extract the file or not Each method uses a different SCPI command which is shown in Table 6 8 Table 6 8 Binary File Type Commands Command Command Syntax Type For SCPI MEMory DATA UNPRotected bin file name lt datablock gt Extraction This downloads the file to the signal generator You can extract the file within the context of a program FTP put file name user bin file name No MEM DATA bin file name block data gt SAGEN This downloads the file to the signal generator You cannot extract the file Query MEM DATA bin file name This returns information on the named file bit count block data Within the context of a program this query extracts the user file provided it was download with the proper command Query MEM CAT BIN This lists all of the files in the bit file directory and shows the remaining non volatile memory lt bytes used by bit files gt lt available non volatile memory file names gt a See FTP Procedures on page 346 File Name Syntax There are three ways to format the file name which must also include the file path
280. led on your computer and the computer configured for instrument control using the LAN interface NI VISA is a registered trademark of National Instruments Corporation 10 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation 10 Libraries and Programming Languages The Keysight IO libraries Suite is available on the Automation Ready CD which was shipped with your signal generator The libraries can also be downloaded from the Keysight website The following is a discussion on these libraries Keysight VISA VISA is an lO library used to develop IO applications and instrument drivers that comply with industry standards Use the Keysight VISA library for programming the signal generator over the LAN interface SICL Keysight SICL is a lower level library that is installed along with Keysight VISA Programming Languages Along with Standard Commands for Programming Instructions SCPI and IO library functions you use a programming language to remotely control the signal generator Common programming languages include C CH C MATLAB MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks HP Basic LabView Java J ava is a U S trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc Visual Basic Visual Basic is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation PERL Keysight VEE For examples using some of these languages refer to Chapter 3 Keysight EXG and MXG X
281. les 100 110 CLEAR and RESET the controller and type in the following commands and then 120 RUN the program 130 140 XXE KG RARER RARER RRR GE EEEE EEE EEEE EEEE EE RAKE EEEE EEE EEEE EEE EEE EEEE 150 160 Sig _gen 719 Declares a variable to hold the signal generator s address 170 LOCAL Sig gen Places the signal generator into Local mode 180 CLEAR Sig gen Clears any pending data I O and resets the parser 190 REMOTE 719 200 CLEAR SCREEN Clears the controllers display 210 REMOTE 719 220 OUTPUT Sig gen RST Places the signal generator into a defined state 230 PRINT The signal generator should now be in REMOTE 240 PRINT ai uts the signal generator into remote mode 250 PRINT Verify that the remote R annunciator is on Press the Local key 260 PRINT on the front panel to return the signal generator to local control 270 PRINT 280 PRINT Press RUN to start again 290 END Program ends Interface Check Using NI 488 2 and C This example uses the NI 488 2 library to verify that the GPIB connections and interface are functional Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp source file The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as niex1 cpp HI XC KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK XC KKK KKK KKK KKK lI PROGRAM NAME niex
282. llows multiple output commands to be concatenated as if they were a single output The K instructs HP Basic to output the following numbers or strings in the default format Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples 10 RE SAVE BASIC Win file 20 Num poi ntsz200 30 ALLOCATE INTEGER Int array 1 Num poi nts 2 40 DEC 50 FOR 1 TO Num poi nts 2 STEP 2 60 Int array I zl NT 32767 SI N 1 360 Num poi nts 10 NEXT 80 FOR 2 TO Num poi nts 2 STEP 2 90 nt array I zl NT 32767 C0S 1 360 Num poi nts J 100 NEXT 110 PRINT Data Generated 120 Nbytes 4 Num points 130 ASSIGN PSG TO 719 140 ASSIGN PSGb TO 719 FORMAT MSB FIRST 150 Nbytes VAL Nbytes 160 Ndigits LEN Nbytes 170 Ndigits zVALS Ndigi ts 180 WAIT 1 OUTPUT PSG USING 2 K MMEM DATA WFM1 data file OUTPUT PSG USING K Ndigi ts OUTPUT PSG USING K Nbytes 220 WAIT 1 0 0 UTPUT PSGb Int_array 240 UTPUT QPSG END 250 ASSIGN PSG TO 260 ASSIGN PSGb TO 270 PRINT 280 PRINT END 290 END Program Comments 10 Program file name 20 Sets the number of points in the waveform 30 Allocates integer data array for and Q waveform points Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 313 314 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples
283. log Before saving an instrument state that has a data file or waveform file associated with it store the file For example if you are editing a multitone arb format store the multitone data to a file in the signal generator s memory catalog multitone files are stored in the USER MTONE directory Then save the instrument state associated with that data file The settings for the signal generator such as frequency and amplitude and a reference to the multitone file name will be saved in the selected sequence and register number Refer to the signal generator s User s Guide Key and Data Field Reference or the signal generator s Help hardkey for more information on the save and recall functions Save and Recall SCPI Commands The following command sequence saves the current instrument state using the SAV command in register 01 sequence 1 A comment is then added to the instrument state SAV 01 1 MEM STAT COMM O1 1 Instrument state comment If there is a waveform or data file associated with the instrument state there will be a file name reference saved along with the instrument state However the waveform data file must be stored in the signal generator s memory catalog as the SAV command does not save data files For more information on storing file data such as modulation formats arb setups and table entries refer to the signal generator s User s Guide Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 369
284. long querylnstrument SOCKET sock const char command char result size t maxLength ong ch char tmp buf 8 ong resultBytes 0 int command err int count FEX Xo RARER EGO GO E EG EG EGG RR RRR EGO E E IG RRA E E IG EGO GIG HK EG X Send command to signal generator TCI RE E EERE ERE RAL SA AE EE EO ROIG NOE SEED ELS SRD RAD ee command err commandinstrument sock command if command err return COMMAND ERROR Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples FX XXX EGO I E RAR RARER EG EGO KK RAR RAK E E EG GIO OE IG IO RAK KKK KK KX Read response from signal generator POOEGROROOE ROGER EELS EL EERE EER EERE READ ERR RE REN count recv sock tmp buf 1 0 read 1 char ch tmp buf 0 if count lt 1 ch EOF ch n result 0 null terminate result for ascii return 0 use a do while so we can break out do if ch binary data encountered figure out what it is long numDi gits long numBytes 0 char length 10 count recv sock tmp_buf 1 0 read 1 char ch tmp buf 0 if count lt 1 ch EOF break End of file if ch 0 ch 9 break unexpected char numDigits ch 0 if numDigits read numDigits bytes into result string Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Gene
285. lues of the bits you want to enable For example to enable bit 7 on the Status Byte Register so that whenever the Standard Operation Status register summary bit is set to 1 a service request is generated send the command SRE 128 Refer to Figure 4 1 on page 174 and Figure 4 2 on page 175 for bit positions and values The query command SRE returns the decimal value of the sum of the bits previously enabled with the SRE lt num gt command To query the Status Byte Register send the command STB The response will be the decimal sum of the bits which are set to 1 For example if bit 7 and bit 3 are set the decimal sum will be 136 bit 7 2128 and bit 3 8 Multiple Status Byte Register bits can assert an SRQ however only one bit at a time can set the RQS bit All bits that are asserting an SRQ will be read as part of the status byte when it is queried or serial polled The SRQ process asserts SRQ as true and sets the status byte s RQS bit to 1 Both actions are necessary to inform the controller that the signal generator requires service Asserting SRQ informs the controller that some device on the bus requires service Setting the RQS bit allows the controller to determine which signal generator requires service This process is initiated if both of the following conditions are true The corresponding bit of the Service Request Enable Register is also set to 1 The signal generator does not have a service request p
286. m I prior to downloading it to the signal generator I This verifies that the data looks correct char ofile c temp ig txt Create arrays to hold the and Q data int idata NUMSAMPLES int qdata NUMSAMPLES l save the number of sampes into numsamples int numsamples NUMSAMPLES Fill the and Q buffers with the sample data for int index 0 index numsamples index Create the and Q data for the number of waveform I points and Scale the data 20000 as a precentage of the DAC full scale 32768 to 32767 This example I scales to approximately 70 of full scale idata index 223000 sin 4 3 14 i ndex numsampl es qdata index 223000 cos 4 3 14 i ndex numsampl es Print the and Q values to a text file View the data l to see if its correct and if needed plot the data in a l spreadsheet to help spot any problems FILE outfile fopen ofile w if outfile NULL perror Error opening file to write for index 0 index lt numsamples index Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 267 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples fprintf outfile d d n idata index qdata index fclose outfile Little endian order data use the character array and for loop If big endian order comment out this character array and for loop and use the next loop Big Endian order data
287. m Name Download File Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Program Description This program uses Microsoft Visual Basic 6 0 and the Keysight VISA COM I O Library to download a waveform file to the signa generator The program downloads a file the previously created IQ DataVB file to the signal generator Refer to the Programming Guide for information on binary data requirements for file downloads The waveform data IQ DataVB is downloaded to the signal generator s non volatile memory NVWFM USER WAVEFORM IQ DataVB For volatile memory WFM1 download to the USER BB61 WAVEFORM IQ DataVB directory You must reference the Keysight VISA COM Resource Manager and VISA COM 1 0 Type Library in your Visual Basic project in the Project References menu The VISA COM 1 0 Type Library corresponds to VISACOM tIb and the Keysi ght VISA COM Resource Manager corresponds to AgtRM DLL The VISA COM 488 2 Formatted 1 0 1 0 corresponds to the Basi cFormattedl O dl Use a statement such as Dim Instr As VisaComLi b Formattedl 0488 to create the formatted I O reference and use Set Instr New VisaComlib Formatted 0488 to create the actua obj ect FOX XC ECECEOEOXCOEOEXCXCKCCXCECECEOXCECEOXCXCCCXCECECOEOXCXCXGOXCXCXGC CERERI XC XE EG XXX X x XXXXXXXX xxxx x IMPORTANT Use the TC
288. matches the address declared in the program example programs in Chapter 3 2 Remove all other instruments connected through GPIB and rerun the program 3 Verify that the GPIB card s name or id number matches the GPIB name or id number configured for your PC GPIB Interface Terms An instrument that is part of a GPIB network is categorized as a listener talker or controller depending on its current function in the network listener A listener is a device capable of receiving data or commands from other instruments Several instruments in the GPIB network can be listeners simultaneously 26 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using GPIB talker A talker is a device capable of transmitting data To avoid confusion a GPIB system allows only one device at a time to be an active talker controller A controller typically a computer can specify the talker and listeners including itself for an information transfer Only one device at a time can be an active controller Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 27 Using IO Interfaces GPIB Programming Interface Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples NOTE 28 The portions of the programming examples discussed in this section are taken from the full text of these programs that can be found in Chapter 3 Programming Examples Interface Check using HP Basic and GPIB on pa
289. me of the block data binary data downloaded to the signal generator however not all ASCII values are printable In actual use the block data is not part of the command line as shown above but instead resides in a binary file on the PC UNIX When the program executes the SCPI command the command line notifies the signal generator that it is going to receive block data of the stated size and to place the file in the signal generator file directory with the indicated name Immediately Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Line O CO CO Un BW NY I Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads following the command execution the program downloads the binary file to the signal generator This is shown in the following section Command Syntax in a Program Routine Command Syntax in a Program Routine This section demonstrates the use of the download SPCI command within the confines of a C program routine The following code sends the SCPI command and downloads a 240 byte PRAM file to the signal generator s WFM1 waveform memory catalog This program assumes that there is a char array databuffer that contains the 240 bytes of PRAM data and that the variable numbytes stores the length of the array Code Download PRAM File Data int bytesToSend bytesToSend numbytes char s 4 char cmd 200 sprintf s d bytesToSend sprintf cmd MEM DATA
290. ment with host name myInstrument and port number 5024 enter the following command on the command line telnet myInstrument 5024 When you connect to the signal generator the UNIX window will display a welcome message and a SCPI command prompt The instrument is now ready to accept your SCPI commands As you type SCPI commands query results appear on the next line When you are done break the Telnet connection using an escape character For example Ctr1 where the control key and the are pressed at the same time The following example shows Telnet commands telnet myinstrument 5024 Trying Connected to signal generator Escape character is p Keysight Technologies N51xx SN US00000001 Firmware Hostname your instrument P XXX XX XXX XXX SCPI gt Using FTP FTP allows users to transfer files between the signal generator and any computer connected to the LAN For example you can use FTP to download instrument screen images to a computer When logged onto the signal generator with the FTP command the signal generator s file structure can be accessed Figure 2 7 shows the FTP interface and lists the directories in the signal generator s user level directory File access is limited to the signal generators user directory Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Figure 2 7 FTP Screen Password ftp gt Is USER ftp gt _ Command Promp
291. mmand Syntax Options Memory Type z z SCPI non volatile DATA UNPRotected user waveform file name lt blockdata gt DATA UNPRotected user markers file name blockdata DATA UNPRotected user header file name blockdata DATA UNPRotected NVWFM file name lt blockdata gt DATA UNPRotected NVMKR file name lt blockdata gt DATA UNPRotected NVHDR file name lt blockdata gt DATA UNPRotected file name NVWFM lt blockdata gt DATA UNPRotected file name NVMKR lt blockdata gt M DATA UNPRotected file name NVHDR lt blockdata gt z z memory z z z cz oz oz oz Ej Hj Hj bd Ej HE bd Bh B 222 z FTP volatile memory put file name user bbgl waveform lt file_name gt put file name user bbgl markers file name put file name user bbgl header file name FTP non volatile put file name user waveform file name gt put file name user markers lt file name gt memory put file name user header lt file name gt a The MEM DATA UNPRotected command is not required to be able to extract files i e Use MEM DATA For more information refer to the SCPI Command Reference b See FTP Procedures on page 234 Table 5 8 Extracting Unencrypted I Q Data Download Command Syntax Options Method Memory Type SCPI volatile MMEM DATA user bbgl waveform file name gt memory MMEM DATA WFM1 file name gt
292. mming Guide 239 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Creating Waveform Data 2 Save the I Q data to a text file to review The following lines of code export the and Q data to a text file for validation After exporting the data open the file using Microsoft Excel or a similar spreadsheet program and verify that the and Q data are correct Code Description Saving the I Q Data to a Text File char ofile c temp iq txt FILE outfile fopen ofile w if outfile NULL perror Error opening file to write for index 0 index numsamples index fclose outfile fprintf outfile d d n idata index qdata index Code Description Saving the I Q Data to a Text File Set the absolute path of a text file to a character variable In this example iq txt is the file name and ofile is the variable name For the file path some operating systems may not use the drive prefix c in this example or may require only a single forward slash or both temp iq txt 13 Open the text file in write format 14 If the text file does not open print an error message 15 18 Create a loop that prints the array of generated and Q data samples to the text file 19 Close the text file 240 3 Interleave the and Q data and byte swap if using little endian order This step has two sets of code Interleaving and byte swapping and Q d
293. n 4 Unused This bit is always set to 0 5 Frequency summary This is a summary bit taken from the QUEStionable FREQuency register A 1 in this bit position indicates that one of the following may have happened synthesizer PLL unlocked 10 MHz reference VCO PLL unlocked 1 GHz reference unlocked sampler YO loop unlocked or baseband 1 unlocked For more information see the Data Questionable Frequency Status Group on page 196 6 7 Unused These bits are always set to 0 ga Calibration summary This is a summary bit taken from the QUEStionable CALibration register A 1 in this bit position indicates that one of the following may have happened an error has occurred in the DCFM zero calibration or an error has occurred in the I Q calibration See the Data Questionable Calibration Status Group on page 199 for more information 9 Self Test A 1 in this bit position indicates that a self test has failed during power up Reset this bit by cycling the signal generator s line power CLS will not clear this bit 10 11 Unused These bits are always set to 0 125 BERT summary This is a summary bit taken from the QUEStionable BERT register A 1 in this bit position indicates that one of the following occurred no BCH TCH synchronization no data change no clock input PRBS not synchronized demod DSP unlocked or demod unleveled See the Data Questionable BERT Status Group on page 202 for more information 13 14 Unused These bits a
294. n compl ete while IngDone viScanf vi d amp l ngDone Waits for setup to compl ete viPrintf vi SAV 1 n Saves sig gen state to register 1 Print user information printf The current signal generator operating state will be Saved n printf to Register 1 Observe the state then press Enter n pri mtf Vn s Prints new line character getch Wait for user input ngDonez0 Resets the operation complete flag viPrintf vi RST n Resets the signa generator viPrintf vi OPC n Checks for operation compl ete while IngDone viScanf vi d amp l ngDone Waits for setup to compl ete Print user infromation printf The instrument is now in it s Reset operating state Press theln printf Enter key to return the signal generator to the Register 1 state n printf n Prints new line character getch Waits for user input ngDone 0 Reset the operation complete flag Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 105 106 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples viPrintf vi RCL Tin Recalls stored register 1 state viPrintf vi OPC n Checks for operation complete while IngDone viScanf vi d amp l ngDone Waits for setup to complete Print user information printf The signal generator has been returned to it s Register 1 state n print
295. n your PC To run the program perform the following steps 1 In the code example below type in the hostname or IP address of your signal generator For example String instrumentName your Signal generator s hostname 2 Copy the program as ScpiSockTest java and save it in a convenient directory on your computer For example save the file to the C jdk1 3 0 2 bin javac directory 3 Launch the Command Prompt program on your computer Click Start gt Programs gt Command Prompt Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples 4 Compile the program At the command prompt type javac ScpiSockTest java The directory path for the Java compiler must be specified For example C gt jdk1 3 0 02 bin javac ScpiSockTest java 5 Run the program by typing java ScpiSockTest at the command prompt 6 Type exit at the command prompt to end the program Generating a CW Signal Using Java The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as javaex txt 5X RRR RRR EGO E EG EG E GIO RRR KK RARER EG E I GIO RRR AR RAK E EG IG EGO KKK KK KKH KK X PROGRAM NAME javaex txt I Sample java program to talk to the signal generator via SCPl over sockets Ii This program requires Java version 1 1 or later ll Save this code as ScpiSockTest j ava Compile by typing javac ScpiSockTest java Run by typing java ScpiSoc
296. n Keysight s website http www keysight com for more information on VISA functions The program listing for the State Files cs program is shown below It is available on the CD ROM in the programming examples section under the same name es C WINNT Microsoft NET Framework 1 1 4322 State_Filesi exe 1 gt Backup state files gt Restore state files 3 gt Quit Enter 1 2 0r 3 Your choice Restoring sequence Restoring sequence t Restorin Restorin sequence sequence registe sequence register state files 2 gt Restore state files 3 gt Quit Enter 1 2 0r 3 Your choice Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files C and Microsoft NET Framework The Microsoft NET Framework is a platform for creating Web Services and applications There are three components of the NET Framework the common language runtime class libraries and Active Server Pages called ASP NET Refer to the Microsoft website for more information on the NET Framework The NET Framework must be installed on your computer before you can run the State Files program The framework can be downloaded from the Microsoft website and then installed on your computer Perform the following steps to run the State Files program 1 Copy the State Files cs file from the CD ROM programming examples section to the directory where the NET Frame
297. n page 228 File Header The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation format such as sample rate marker polarity I Q modulation attenuator setting and so forth When you create and download l Q data the signal generator automatically creates a file header with all saved parameters set to unspecified With unspecified header settings the waveform either uses the signal generator default settings or if a waveform was previously played the settings from that waveform Ensure that you configure and save the file header settings for each waveform If you have no RF output when you play back a waveform ensure that the marker RF blanking function has not been set for any of the markers The marker RF blanking function is a header parameter that can be inadvertently set active for a marker by a previous waveform To check for and turn RF blanking off manually refer to Configuring the Pulse RF Blank on page 322 Marker File The marker file uses one byte per I Q waveform point to set the state of the four markers either on 1 or off 0 for each I Q point When a marker is active on an output trigger signal is sent to a corresponding rear panel BNC and or AUX IO connector pin For more information on active markers and their output trigger signal location refer to your signal generator s User s Guide Because markers are set at each waveform point the marker file contains the same number of bytes as there are waveform points
298. n the data Method 2 where the program sends a fixed number of bytes and ignores any zeros in the data This is the method used in our program For your programming language you must find and use the equivalent of method two Otherwise you may only achieve a partial download of the user file data Send the terminating carriage n as the last byte of the waveform data iwrite writes the data n to the signal generator session identifier specified in id The third argument of iwrite 1 sends one byte to the signal generator The fourth argument of iwrite 1 is the END of file indicator which the program uses to terminate the data download Selecting a Downloaded PRAM File as the Data Source 358 The following steps show the process for selecting a PRAM file using commands from the Custom modulation format 1 Select the data type RADio CUSTom DATA PRAM 2 Select the PRAM file Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads RADio CUSTom DATA PRAM file name gt Because the command is file specific PRAM there is no need to include the file path with the file name 3 Configure the remaining signal parameters 4 Turn the modulation format on RADio CUSTom STATe On Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 359 Creating and Downloading User Dat
299. nable 0 uint retCount Visalnterop Write device buf uint buf Length out retCount if sendEnd Set the bool sendEnd true Visalnterop SetAttribute device VisaAttribute SendEndEnable 1 This method reads an ASCII string from the specified device static public string ReadDevice uint device string retValue byte buf new byte MAX READ DEVICE STRING 1024 bytes maximum read Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 377 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files uint retCount if Visalnterop Read device buf uint buf Length 1 out retCount 0 retValue Encoding ASCII GetString buf 0 int retCount return retValue The following method reads a SCPI definite block fromthe signal generator and writes the contents to a file on your computer The trailing newline character is NOT consumed by the read static public void ReadFileBlock uint device string fileName Create the new empty data file FileStream fs new FileStream fileName FileMode Create Read the definite block header lengthDataLength dataLength uint retCount 0 c yte buf new byte 10 Visalnterop Read device buf 2 out retCount Visalnterop Read device buf uint buf 1 0 out retCount uint fileSize Ul nt32 Parse Encodi ng ASCI GetString buf 0 int retCount Rea
300. nd amplitude pairs 2 Freq 1 g Power 1 2 3db Freq 2 15ghz Pouer 2 2 4db Flatness Data saved to file flatCal data Flatness Corrections Enabled Press any key to continue The program uses VISA library functions The non formatted viWrite VISA function is used to output data to the signal generator Refer to the Keysight VISA User s Manual available on Keysight s website http www keysight com for more information on VISA functions The program listing for the FlatCal program is shown below It is available on the Documentation CD ROM in the programming examples section as flatcal cpp Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 383 384 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User Flatness Correction Downloads Using C and VISA f ESERCKOE OE REGE RS EEEREREREEE REE ER ERAS REE EERE SERRE EER EER ERE ART PROGRAM NAME FlatCal cpp HI PROGRAM DESCRIPTION C Console application to input frequency and amplitude pairs and then download them to the signal generator ld NOTE You must have the Keysight 10 Libraries installed to run this program This example uses the LAN TCPIP interface to download frequency and amplitude correction pairs to the signal generator The program asks the operator to enter the number of pairs and allocates a pointer array listPairs sized to the number of pairs The array is filled with frequency nextFreq
301. nded by Keysight Technologies VISA VISA is an IO library used to develop IO applications and instrument drivers that comply with industry standards It is recommended that the VISA library be used for programming the signal generator The NI VISA and Keysight VISA libraries are similar implementations of VISA and have the same commands syntax and functions The differences are in the lower level IO libraries NI 488 2 and SICL respectively It is best to use the Keysight VISA library with the Keysight GPIB interface card or NI VISA with the NI PCI GPIB interface card SICL Keysight SICL can be used without the VISA overlay The SICL functions can be called from a program However if this method is used executable programs will not be portable to other hardware platforms For example a program using SICL functions will not run on a computer with NI libraries PCI GPIB interface card NI 488 2 NI 488 2 can be used without the VISA overlay The NI 488 2 functions can be called from a program However if this method is used executable programs will not be portable to other hardware platforms For example a program using NI 488 2 functions will not run on a computer with Keysight SICL Keysight GPIB interface card Selecting IO Libraries for LAN The TELNET and FTP protocols do not require IO libraries to be installed on your computer However to write programs to control your signal generator an IO library must be instal
302. nerator parses the string to determine the number of I Q data bytes it expects to receive The fourth argument of iwrite 0 means there is no END of file indicator for the string This lets the session remain open so the program can download the I Q data Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Downloading Waveform Data Line Code Description Download the I Q data 15 Send the generated waveform data stored in the I Q array iqbuffer to the signal generator _ iwrite sends the data specified in igbuffer to the signal generator session identifier specified in id The third argument of iwrite bytesToSend contains the length of the iqbuffer in bytes In this example it is 2000 The fourth argument of iwrite 0 means there is no END of file indicator in the data In many programming languages there are two methods to send SCPI commands and data Method 1 where the program stops the data download when it encounters the first zero END indicator in the data Method 2 where the program sends a fixed number of bytes and ignores any zeros in the data This is the method used in our program For your programming language you must find and use the equivalent of method two Otherwise you may only achieve a partial download of the and Q data 16 Send the terminating carriage n as the last byte of the waveform data
303. ng LAN Before you can use sockets LAN you must select the signal generator s sockets port number to use Standard mode Available on port 5025 Use this port for simple programming TELNET mode The telnet SCPI service is available on port 5024 For MXG firmware versions A 01 51 and later the default telnet port is 5024 Telnet port 5023 is still available for backwards compatibility Refer to the SCPI Command Reference An example using sockets LAN is given in LAN Programming Interface Examples on page 117 of this programming guide Using Telnet LAN Telnet provides a means of communicating with the signal generator over the LAN The Telnet client run on a LAN connected computer will create a login session on the signal generator A connection established between computer and signal generator generates a user interface display screen with SCPI prompts on the command line Using the Telnet protocol to send commands to the signal generator is similar to communicating with the signal generator over GPIB You establish a connection with the signal generator and then send or receive information using SCPI commands Communication is interactive one command at a time Some systems use a command prompt style interface for the Telnet client Refer to the Figure 2 6 on page 42 for an example of this interface For Windows XP and newer use this section to better understand how to use the signal generator with port settin
304. ng code downloads the generated waveform data to the signal generator and if the download fails displays a message Code Download the I Q data status status description agt waveformload io IQwave waveformfilel 2000 no play norm scale if status 1 display fail to download to the signal generator end Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 245 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Downloading Waveform Data Line Code Description Download the I Q data 6 Download the I Q waveform data to the signal generator by using the function call agt waveformload from the Keysight Waveform Download Assistant Some of the arguments are optional as indicated below but if one is used you must use all arguments previous to the one you require Notice that with this function you can perform the following actions download complex I Q data name the file optional argument set the sample rate optional argument If you do not set a value the signal generator uses its preset value of 125 MHz N5162A 82A or 100 MHz E4438C E8267D or if a waveform was previously play the value from that waveform Start or not start waveform playback after downloading the data optional argument Use either the argument play or the argument no play whether to normalize and scale the I Q data optional argument If you normalize and scale the data within the body of the c
305. ng examples by substituting in the instrument specific information for your signal generator Model specific exceptions for programming use will be noted at the top of each programming section The programming examples use GPIB or LAN interfaces and are written in the following languages C page 258 MATLAB page 288 Visual Basic page 305 HP Basic page 312 See Chapter 2 of this programming guide for information on interfaces and IO libraries The example programs are also available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM which allows you to cut and paste the examples into an editor Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 257 258 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples C Programming Examples This section contains the following programming examples Creating and Storing Offset I Q Data Big and Little Endian Order on page 258 Creating and Storing I Q Data Little Endian Order on page 264 Creating and Downloading Q Data Big and Little Endian Order on page 266 Importing and Downloading I Q Data Big Endian Order on page 271 Importing and Downloading Using VISA Big Endian Order on page 273 Importing Byte Swapping Interleaving and Downloading and Q Data Big and Little Endian Order on page 279 Calculating the RMS Voltage for a Waveform Programming Using C on page 287
306. nimum 353 file size determining 353 files command syntax for restoring 360 command syntax for storing 360 extracting 360 modifying 362 non volatile memory storing 360 understanding 350 volatile memory restoring 360 volatile memory unframed data usage 337 waveform viewing 352 private LAN using 33 problems user file downloads 388 FIR filter downloads 391 programming creating waveform data 238 downloading waveform data 244 little endian order byte swapping 240 user file data command format 339 programming examples C 66 371 C 65 258 e443xb files 279 MATLAB 288 using 64 using GPIB 28 70 77 87 using LAN 67 117 152 155 158 164 166 398 Visual Basic 305 308 VXI 11 117 Pulse RF Blank n5161a 62a 81a 82a 83a setting 322 Q queries HP Basic using 82 queue error 21 R real time data files generating large 389 rear panel connector Mini B 62 recall states 369 register system overview 172 data questionable See also data questionable registers registers See also data questionable registers See also status registers condition description 184 mxg overall system 174 175 standard event bits 185 status 185 status enable 186 standard operation condition 188 event 189 event enable 189 status groups register type descriptions 184 remote function HP Basic 71 setting Keysight mxg 19 remote interface programming 2 USB 60 remote programming hardware layers 2 software layers 2 RS 232 inte
307. now effectively signed short integer values Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples waveform round waveform 32767 max abs waveform More efficient than previous two steps PRESERVE THE BIT PATTERN but convert the waveform to unsigned short integers so the bytes can be swapped Note Can t swap the bytes of signed short integers in MatLab waveform uintl6 mod 65536 waveform 65536 If on a PC swap the bytes to Big Endian if strcmp computer PCWIN waveform bitor bitshift waveform 8 bitshift waveform 8 end Save the data to a file Note The waveform is saved as unsigned short integers However the acual bit pattern is that of signed short integers and that is how the ESG PSG interprets them filename C Temp EsgTestFile FID message fopen filename w Open a file to write data if FID 1 error Cannot Open File end fwrite FI D waveform unsigned short write to the file fclose FI D close the file 3 Load the internal Arb format file XCKCK KE OECE EE XCXGOE EE XXX X X X GN GI X X X X x x x x x x This process is just the reverse of saving the waveform Read in waveform as unsigned short integers Swap the bytes as necessary Convert to signed integers then normalize between 1 De interleave the 1 Q Data Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators
308. ns can be positive to negative negative to positive or both To monitor a certain condition enable the bit associated with the condition in the associated positive and negative registers Once you have enabled a bit through the transition registers the signal generator monitors it for a change in its condition If this change in condition occurs the corresponding bit in the event register will be set to 1 When a bit becomes true set to 1 in the event register it stays set until the event register is read or is cleared You can thus query the event register for a condition even if that condition no longer exists To clear the event register query its contents or send the CLS command which clears all event registers Monitoring When a Condition Bit Changes Once you enable a bit the signal generator monitors it for a change in its condition The transition registers are preset to register positive transitions a change going from 0 to 1 This can be changed so the selected bit is detected if it goes from true to false negative transition or if either transition occurs Deciding How to Monitor You can use either of two methods described below to access the information in status registers both methods allow you to monitor one or more conditions Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 177 178 Programming the Status Register System Accessing Status Register Information The polling method
309. nts and connections n printf n exit 0 Set timeout for 5 seconds viSetAttribute instr VI ATTR TMO VALUE 5000 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 121 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples l Ask for sig gen ID string status viWrite instr ViBuf IDN n 6 amp retCount Read the sig gen response status viRead instr ViBuf buffer MAX COUNT amp retCount buffer retCount 0 Indicate the end of the string printf Signal Generator ID Print header for ID printf buffer Print the ID string primtf in s Print carriage return Flush the read buffer ll Set sig gen power to 5dbm status viWrite instr Vi Buf POW AMPL 5dbm n 15 amp ret Count Query the power leve status viWrite instr Vi Buf POW Vn 5 amp retCount Read the power leve status viRead instr ViBuf buffer MAX COUNT amp retCount buffer retCount 10 Indicate the end of the string printf Power level Print header to the screen printf buffer Print the queried power level printf n status viClose instr Close down the system Status viClose defaul t RM return 0 Sockets LAN Programming and C The program listing shown in Queries for Lan Using Sockets on page 126 consists of two files lanio c and getopt c The lanio c file has two main functions int main and an int
310. nussd jejejej nuse Bod fed fed bt Unused SEE ole Unused S ue use 8 ki Service Request Always Zero 0 Enable Register Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 175 Programming the Status Register System Status Register Bit Values Status Register Bit Values Table 4 1 NOTE 176 Each bit in a register is represented by a decimal value based on its location in the register see Table 4 1 To enable a particular bit in a register send its value with the SCPI command Refer to the signal generator s SCPI command listing for more information To enable more than one bit send the sum of all the bits that you want to enable To verify the bits set in a register query the register Example Enable a Register To enable bit 0 and bit 6 of the Standard Event Status Group s Event Register 1 Add the decimal value of bit O 1 and the decimal value of bit 6 64 to give a decimal value of 65 2 Send the sum with the command ESE 65 Example Query a Register To query a register for a condition send a SCPI query command For example if you want to query the Standard Operation Status Group s Condition Register send the command STATus OPERation CON Dition If bit 7 bit 3 and bit 2 in this register are set bits 2 1 then the query will return the decimal value 140 The value represents the decimal values of bit 7 bit 3 and bit 2 128 8 4 2140 Status Register
311. o use the VISA Assistant to verify LAN configuration Refer to the IO Libraries Installation Guide for information on configuring IO interfaces The IO Config program interface is shown in Figure 2 3 on page 39 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Figure 2 2 IO Config Form Windows NT Agilent IO Libraries Configuration IO Config File Options Help 10 Config configures and edits Agilent ID interfaces To configure a new interface select the interface in Available Interface Types and click Configure To edit a configured interface select the interface in Configured Interfaces and click Edit To automatically configure the interfaces identified with click Auto Config r Available Interface Types Configured Interfaces VISA Type Interface Description VISA Name SICL Name RS 232 COM Ports ASRL VISA LAN Client e g E5810 GPIB 82350 PCI GPIB Card GPIB 82341 ISA GPIB Card GPIB 82357 USB to GPIB GPIB VISA LAN Client e g E5810 GPIB VXI GPIB XI Command Module TCPIP LAN Client LAN Instruments USB USB Instruments USB VISA LAN Client for USB VxI E8431 IEEE 1394 to VXI n a LAN Server PC as Server Auto Config OK idee Help Edit NOTE Auto Config will configure interfaces identified with an Check to see that the Default Protocol is set to Aut
312. ode then use no normscale but if you need to normalize and scale the data use norm scale This normalizes the waveform data to the DAC values and then scales the data to 7096 of the DAC values download marker data optional argument If there is no marker data the signal generator creates a default marker file all marker set to zero To verify the waveform data download see Loading Playing and Verifying a Downloaded Waveform on page 250 1 9 If the download fails display an error message Using Advanced Programming Languages This procedure uses code from the C programming example Importing Byte Swapping Interleaving and Downloading and Q Data Big and Little Endian Order on page 279 For information on creating I Q waveform data refer to Creating Waveform Data on page 238 There are two steps in the process of downloading an Q waveform 1 Open a connection session 2 Download the I Q data 246 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Line CO UB WN Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Downloading Waveform Data 1 Open a connection session with the signal generator The following code establishes a LAN connection with the signal generator or prints an error message if the session is not opened successfully Code Description Open a Connection Session char instOpenString lan hostname or IP address char instOpenString gpib
313. ograms set the signal generator into remote mode front panel keys except the Keysight MXG Local Esc Cancel key are disabled Press the Keysight MXG Local Esc Cancel key to revert to manual operation To have the signal generator s front panel update with changes caused by remote operations enable the signal generator s Update in Remote function The Update in Remote function will slow test execution For faster test execution disable the Update in Remote function For more information refer to or Configuring the Display for Remote Command Setups on page 19 64 Programming Examples Development Environment The C C examples were written using an IBM compatible personal computer PC configured as follows Pentium processor Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation Windows NT 4 0 operating system or later C C programming language with the Microsoft Visual C 6 0 IDE National Instruments PCI GPIB interface card or Keysight GPIB interface card National Instruments VISA Library or Keysight VISA library LAN interface card The HP Basic examples were run on a UNIX 700 series workstation Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples Using the Programming Interface Examples Running C Programs When using Microsoft Visual C 6 0 to run the example programs include the following files in your project When using the VISA library add the visa32 lib
314. ollowing SCPI command LXI EVENt OUTPut LAN DISable ALL 2 Reset the MXG Send the following SCPI command RST 3 Choose the MXG s PTP domain Send the following SCPI command Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 53 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN LXI CLOCk PTP DOMain 0 The parameter may be any integer between 0 to 127 4 Choose the MXG s LXI domain Send the following SCPI command LXI EVENt DOMain 0 The parameter may be any integer between 0 to 127 5 Preset the MXG s list sweep Send the following SCPI command LIST TYPE LIST INIT PRES 6 Sets the MXG to expect a list of frequencies Send the following SCPI command FREQ MODE LIST 7 Sets the MXG to expect a list of powers Send the following SCPI command POW MODE LIST 8 Sets the MXG how the lists will be entered Send the following SCPI command LIST TYPE LIST An arbitrary list will be used instead of range and step size arguments 9 Send the MXG a list of frequencies Send the following SCPI command LIST FREQ 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz The MXG will put out signals at these frequencies and in this order 10 Send the MXG a list of powers Send the following SCPI command LIST POW OdBm 1dBm 2dBm 3dBm 4dBm The MXG will put out signals at these powers and in this order 11 Turn off MXG signal modulation Send the following SCPI command OUTP MOD OFF 12 Turn MXG signal output on Send the following SCPI command Keysig
315. omatic 1 Run the IO Config program 2 Click on TCPIP in the Configured Interfaces text box If there is no TCPIPO in the box follow the steps shown in the section Using VISA Assistant on page 36 3 Click the Edit button 4 Click the radio button for AUTO automatically detect protocol 5 Click OK OK to end the IO Config program Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 37 NOTE NOTE 38 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Using VXI 11 The signal generator supports the LAN interface protocol described in the VXI 11 standard VXI 11 is an instrument control protocol based on Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call ONC RPC interfaces running over TCP IP It is intended to provide GPIB capabilities such as SRQ Service Request status byte reading and DCAS Device Clear State over a LAN interface This protocol is a good choice for migrating from GPIB to LAN as it has full Keysight VISA SICL support It is recommended that the VXI 11 protocol be used for instrument communication over the LAN interface Configuring for VXI 11 The Keysight IO library has a program IO Config that is used to setup the computer signal generator interface for the VXI 11 protocol Download the latest version of the Keysight IO library from the Keysight website Refer to the Keysight IO library user manual documentation and Help menu for information on running the IO Config program and configuring the VXI
316. on prompts user to manually set up the signal generator for an unleveled condition queries the data questionable status register for any set bits and converts the string data to numeric based on the numeric value program checks for a corresponding status check value similarly checks for over or undermodulation condition The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaex9 cpp PERERA RES ERAR EEA LE RARE EERE ERED LES EEE ERE REED DE EE EEE REE REE EE E PROGRAM NAME vi saex9 cpp i PROGRAM DESCRIPTION In this example the data questionable status register is read The data questionable status register is enabled to read an unleveled condition The signal generator is then set up for an unleveled condition and the data l questionable status register read The results are then displayed to the user The status questionable register is then setup to monitor a modulation error condition The signal generator is set up for a modulation error condition and the data l questionable status register is read The results are displayed to the active window NI 5X xo EGO E EG EG RRR E GG IO IO D E EG EG EG IG GIO EG RAR RAK E GIG GIO GIO KK RAK EG G X amp include visa h gt amp include StdAfx h include lt iostream gt include lt conio h gt void main Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guid
317. on of functions used by a programming language to send instrument commands and receive instrument data Before you can communicate and control the signal generator you must have an IO library installed on your computer The Keysight IO libraries are included on an Automation Ready CD with your signal generator and Keysight GPIB interface board or they can be downloaded from the Keysight website http www keysight com To learn about using IO libraries with Windows XP or newer operating systems refer to the Keysight IO Libraries Suite s help located on the Automation Ready CD that ships with your signal generator Other sources of this information can be found with the Keysight GPIB interface board s CD or downloaded from the Keysight website http www keysight com To better understand setting up Windows XP operating systems and newer using PC LAN port settings refer to Chapter 2 Keysight IO Libraries Suite The Keysight IO Libraries Suite replaces earlier versions of the Keysight IO Libraries Keysight IO Libraries Suite does not support Windows NT If you are using the Windows NT platform you must use Keysight IO Libraries version M or earlier The USB interface requires Keysight IO Libraries Suite 14 1 or newer For more information on connecting instruments using USB refer to the Keysight Connection Expert in the Keysight IO Libraries Help The signal generator ships with an Automation Ready CD that contains the Keysight
318. on volatile memory the waveform and associated marker and header files are all copied Conversely when you delete an l Q file the associated marker and header files are deleted It is not necessary to send separate commands to copy or delete the marker and header files Playing the Waveform NOTE If you would like to build and play a waveform sequence refer to Building and Playing Waveform Sequences on page 252 Play the waveform and use it to modulate the RF carrier 1 List the waveform files from the volatile memory waveform list Send the following SCPI command MMEMory CATalog WFM1 2 Select the waveform from the volatile memory waveform list Send the following SCPI command SOURCe RADio ARB WAVeform WFM1 lt file name gt 3 Play the waveform Send the following SCPI commands 250 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Loading Playing and Verifying a Downloaded Waveform SOURCe RADio ARB STATe ON OUTPut MODulation STATe ON OUTPut STATe ON Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 251 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Loading Playing and Verifying a Downloaded Waveform Verifying the Waveform Perform this procedure after completing the steps in the previous procedure Playing the Waveform on page 250 1 Connect the signal generator to an oscilloscope as shown in the figure IOUT O
319. or information related to downloading FIR file coefficients refer to the FIR Filter Coefficient Downloads on page 364 For information regarding working with FIR file coefficients manually refer to the User s Guide For more information on equalization filters refer to the User s Guide This filter can be used to correct and or impair the RF and External I Q outputs for the internal I Q source This filter will be convolved with the ACP Internal I Q Channel Optimization filter if that filter is selected the result of which will be truncated to the center 256 taps The equalization filter operates at 125MHz 200M Hz for N5172B 82B so all equalization filters must be resampled to 125MHz 200MHz for N5172B 82B prior to selection if they are sampled at some other rate The signal generator supports equalization filters either Complex or Real that are programmable FIR filters with two inputs I Q and two outputs I Q per sample This 256 tap filter has two modes of operation NOTE The maximum number of taps is 256 with 2 coefficients per tap for a complex filter for equalization filters The minimum number of taps is 2 Equalization filters can also be referred to as predistortion filters or correction filters Type of Filter Description Real The and Q samples are independently filtered by a single set of real coefficients Complex The samples are treated as complex I jQ and convolved with the filter coefficients whi
320. or should now be in Local mode 360 PRINT 370 PRINT Verify that the signal generator s front panel keyboard is functional 380 PRINT 390 PRINT To re start this program press RUN 400 END Local Lockout Using NI 488 2 and C This example uses the NI 488 2 library to set the signal generator local lockout mode Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp source file niex2 cpp performs the following functions all front panel keys except the contrast key places the signal generator into remote prompts the user to verify the signal generator is in remote places the signal generator into local The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as niex2 cpp KKKKKKKRKKKK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK KAR KKK KKK KKK KAR KK KKK KKK KAR KK GGG GG XXX XE X X PROGRAM NAME niex2 cpp lI PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This program will place the signal generator i nto LOCAL LOCKOUT mode All front panel keys except the Contrast key will be disabled The local command ibloc sig executed via program code is the only way to return the signal generator to front panel Local control E KKKKKKKKKKK KK KKK RK KKK KKK KKK ARK KK KK CC KKK KKK KKK EGG XC KG XXX EEG XX Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples include std
321. ore when continuously playing back the segment the first and Nth waveform samples are always the same preserving the periodicity of the waveform By adding off time at the beginning of the waveform and subtracting an equivalent amount of off time from the end of the waveform you can address phase discontinuity for pulsed periodic waveforms Consequently when the waveform repeats the lack of signal present avoids the issue of phase discontinuity However if the period of the waveform exceeds the waveform playback memory available in the arbitrary waveform generator a periodic phase discontinuity could be unavoidable Sampled Sinewave with No Discontinuity Waveform length The following figures illustrate the influence a single sample can have The generated 3 tone test signal requires 100 samples in the waveform to maintain periodicity for all three tones The measurement on the left shows the effect of using the first 99 samples rather than all 100 samples Notice all the distortion products at levels up to 35 dBc introduced in addition to the wanted 3 tone 220 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Phase Continuity signal The measurement on the right shows the same waveform using all 100 samples to maintain periodicity and avoid a phase discontinuity Maintaining periodicity removes the distortion products Phase Discontinuity Phase Continui
322. ore LAN Settings to Default Values gt Confirm Restore LAN Settings to Default Values There are no SCPI commands associated with this LXI password factory reset For more information refer to the signal generator s Web Server Interface Help Table 1 3 LAN Configuration Summary Values Parameter Default Signal Generator LAN Configuration Summary Hostname Keysight model number last 5 chars of serial number Config Type AUTO IP Address 127 0 0 1 Connection On Monitoring Subnet 255 255 255 0 DNS Server Override Off Gateway 0 0 0 0 Dynamic DNS Naming On RFC NETBIOS Naming On DNS Server 0 0 0 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 17 18 Getting Started with Remote Operation Using the Web Browser Table 1 3 LAN Configuration Summary Values Parameter Default TCP Keep Alive On Domain Name lt empty gt TCP Keep Alive Timeout 1800 0 sec Signal Generator Web Server Interface Description Keysight lt model_number gt lt serial_number gt SICL Interface Name gpibo Web Password agilent a The Domain Name defaults to a null field b This information is part of the Advanced Information about this Web Enabled signal generator model number Displaying the LAN Configuration Summary Confirm Restore Settings to Factory Defaults Confirming this action configures the signal generato
323. ormat Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Downloading E443xB Signal Generator Files Downloading E443xB Signal Generator Files To download earlier E443xB model and Q files use the same SCPI commands as if downloading files to an E443xB signal generator The signal generator automatically converts the E443xB files to the proper file format as described in Waveform Structure on page 216 and stores them in the signal generator s memory This conversion process causes the signal generator to take more time to download the earlier file format To minimize the time to convert earlier E443xB files to the proper file format store E443xB file downloads to volatile memory and then transfer them over to non volatile NVWFM memory NOTE You cannot extract waveform data downloaded as E443xB files Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 255 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Downloading E443xB Signal Generator Files E443xB Data Format The following diagram describes the data format for the E443xB waveform files This file structure can be compared with the new style file format shown in Waveform Structure on page 216 If you create new waveform files for the signal generator use the format shown in Waveform Data Requirements on page 207 E443xB ARB Data Format Marker Data Volatile Memory Path gt le 14 bits DAC
324. orms To achieve the maximum dynamic range select the largest scaling value that does not result in a DAC over range error There are two ways to scale the I Q data Reduce the input values for the DAC Use the SCPI command RADio ARB RSCaling val to set the waveform amplitude as a percentage of full scale NOTE The signal generator factory preset for scaling is 7096 If you reduce the DAC input values ensure that you set the signal generator scaling RADio ARB RSCaling to an appropriate setting that accounts for the reduced values To further minimize overshoot problems use the correct FIR filter for your Signal type and adjust your sample rate to accommodate the filter response NOTE FIR filter capability is only available on vector signal generator models with an installed baseband generator option Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 213 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Understanding Waveform Data 2 s Complement Data Format The signal generator requires signed values for the input data For binary data two s complement is a way to represent positive and negative values The most significant bit MSB determines the sign 0 equals a positive value 01011011 91 decimal 1 equals a negative value 10100101 91 decimal Like decimal values if you sum the binary positive and negative values you get zero The one difference with binary values is that you have a carr
325. ort number and TermType then click Connect Host Name signal generator s IP address or hostname Port 5024 Term Type vt100 At the SCPI gt prompt enter SCPI commands Refer to Figure 2 5 on page 41 To signal device clear press Ctrl C Select Exit from the Connect menu to end the Telnet session Connect Form Keysight IO Library version J 01 0100 Host Name Instrument name Port 5024 TermType A Cancel Telnet Window MEE p gt 808 000 08 000 Using Telnet On a PC With a Command Prompt Interface 1 Launch either the Start Menu s Command Prompt or Run utility Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Figure 2 6 42 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Type Telnet and press the Enter key Command Prompt or click OK Run utility The Telnet client screen will be displayed See Figure 2 6 on page 42 Type open at the prompt and then press the Enter key The prompt will change to to At the to prompt enter the signal generator s IP address followed by a space and 5024 which is the Telnet port associated with the signal generator 5 At the SCPI gt prompt enter SCPI commands To escape from the SCPI gt session type Ctr1 7 Type quit at the prompt to end the Telnet session Telnet Command Prompt Window n E Command Prompt telnet Stax Welcome to Microsoft Telnet Client Escape Character is C
326. orts LXI Class B functionality The Keysight N51xxB EXG MXG supports LXI Class C functionality For more information on the LXI standards refer to http www Ixistandard org home For more information on configuring the signal generator to communicate over the LAN refer to Using LAN on page 30 The rear panel Type B or Mini B 5 pin connector is a device USB and can be used to connect a controller for remote operation The Type A front panel connector is a host USB and can be used to connect a mouse a keyboard or a USB 1 1 2 0 flash drive USB 2 0 s 64 MBps communication speed is faster than GPIB for data transfers gt 1 KB however longer latency makes small USB transfers slower and less efficient than GPIB For additional information refer to the Keysight SICL or VISA User s Guide For more information on connecting the signal generator to the USB refer to the Keysight IO Libraries Suite on page 4 and the Keysight Connection Expert in the Keysight IO Libraries Help For more information on configuring the signal generator to communicate over the USB refer to Using USB on page 60 a LXI Class B Compliance testing using IEEE 1588 2008 not available at release Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation 10 Libraries and Programming Languages IO Libraries and Programming Languages NOTE CAUTION NOTE The IO libraries is a collecti
327. ory location 329 instrument state memory location 329 memory location 329 PRAM memory location 329 user data files See user data Using Connection Expert configuring and running 7 V verifying waveforms 250 Version M IO Libraries Keysight 8 version M IO Libraries Keysight 4 viPrintf 73 VISA 7 11 61 C generating a step swept signal 98 COM 10 Library 66 computer to instrument communication 8 configuration automatic 6 9 manual 7 9 CW signals generating 90 data questionable status register reading 106 FM signals generating internally applied 95 generating externally applied AC coupled FM signals 93 1 0 libraries 10 LAN client 35 LAN using 10 library 28 70 305 NI 488 2 10 scanf 74 service request interrupt reading 112 states saving and recalling 103 USB using 61 viPrintf 73 Visual C generating a swept signal 100 viTerminate 70 VXI 11117 CW signals See VISA and C VISA and C CW signals generating 90 GPIB interface check for 77 queries 87 VISA Assistant GPIB functionality verifying 26 IO Config 6 8 IO Using interactive 35 troubleshooting 36 verifying instrument communication 35 Visual Basic IDE 66 programming examples 305 programming language 11 references 66 Visual C NI 488 2 queries using 84 VISA generating a swept signal 100 Visual C4 and VISA generating a swept signal 100 viTerminate 70 volatile memory file decryption 228 file encryption 228 memory allocation 224 Keysight esg
328. ou press the front panel Help button um 4 Help displays for the next key you press The key help includes a description of the key s functionality and a list of equivalent SCPI commands if they exist This feature is especially useful if you are building a SCPI program based on front panel key presses Use the cursor keys Page Up Page Down and the RPG knob to scroll the help text Then press Cancel to close the help window or press any other key to close the help window and execute that key For details on each key and for equivalent SCPI commands if applicable use the key help described in User s Guide Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation Troubleshooting Troubleshooting In each section of this document there is information that is related to troubleshooting that topic if applicable Refer to those corresponding sections in this document as well as to the User s Guide before using the diagnostics mode referred to in the Service Guide and in the caution below CAUTION All X Series signal generators have a fail safe and diagnostic mode that should only be used if all other troubleshooting mentioned in this document has been attempted and failed If the diagnostic mode is determined to be needed refer to the Service Guide NOTE If the LAN Reset hardkey has been pressed and then the power is cycled on the instrument the web server will be ena
329. output is off 420 END IF 430 OUTPUT Sig gen IDN Querys for signal generator ID 440 ENTER Sig gen C Enter in the signal generator ID 450 Print the signal generator ID to the controller display 460 PRINT 4710 PRINT This signal generator is a C 480 PRINT 490 The next command is a query for the signal generator s GPIB address 500 OUTPUT Sig gen SYST COMM GPIB ADDR 510 ENTER Sig gen D Enter in the signal generator s address 520 Print the signal generator s GPIB address to the controllers display 530 PRINT The GPIB address is D 540 PRINT 550 Print user prompts to the controller s display 560 PRINT The signal generator is now under local control 510 PRINT or Press RUN to start again 580 END Queries Using NI 488 2 and Visual C This example uses the NI 488 2 library to query different instrument states and conditions Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp source file niex3 cpp performs the following functions resets the signal generator queries the signal generator for various settings reads the various settings The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as niex3 cpp SEX Xxx oO E E EG E GO E EG EG EGO E EG EG E IG E EG EG EGO EGO E E GG EGG IG E EG RAK E G X PROGRAM NAME niex3 cpp lI PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This example demon
330. ower 194 data questionable calibration 200 data questionable frequency 197 description 184 negative transition description 184 positive transition description 184 standard operation 188 troubleshooting GPIB 26 LAN 34 ping response errors 35 PRAM downloads 390 USB 62 user file downloads 388 user FIR filter downloads 391 VISA assistant 36 Type A front panel USB connector 62 U unencrypted files downloading for extraction 231 362 downloading for no extraction 231 362 extracting I Q data 361 unframed data usage volatile memory PRAM 337 USB cable 62 functionality verification 62 interface 3 10 libraries 61 setting up 61 using Keysight mxg 60 verifying operation 62 usb media file extensions 225 user data file modifying 345 files creating 323 files downloading 323 memory 325 root directory 326 user file data continuous transmission requirements 389 user files bit order 332 bit order LSB and MSB 332 data binary downloads 331 bit downloads 331 multiple of 8 bits requirement 389 downloading as the data source 358 carrier activating 360 carrier modulating 360 400 command format 338 modulating and activating the carrier 345 selecting the user file as the data source 345 Size 336 user FIR file downloads non volatile memory 365 selecting a downloaded user FIR file 366 user flatness 369 user data file type binary memory location 329 bit memory location 329 FIR memory location 329 flatness mem
331. ownloading Unencrypted Files for No Extraction on page 231 Table 5 6 Downloading Encrypted Files for No Extraction on page 231 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Commands for Downloading and Extracting Waveform Data Table 5 7 Downloading Unencrypted Files for Extraction on page 231 Table 5 9 Downloading Encrypted Files for Extraction on page 233 Table 5 10 Extracting Encrypted Waveform Data on page 233 Table 5 5 Downloading Unencrypted Files for No Extraction Download Method Command Syntax Options Memory Type SCPI volatile memory MMEM DATA WFM1 lt file name blockdata MMEM DATA MKR1 lt file name blockdata MMEM DATA HDR1 lt file name blockdata full directory path SCPI volatile memory with MMEM DATA user bbgl waveform file name blockdata MMEM DATA user bbgl markers file name blockdata MMEM DATA user bbgl header file name gt lt blockdata gt SCPI non volatile memory MMEM DATA NVWFM file name gt lt blockdata gt MMEM DATA NVMKR lt file name blockdata MMEM DATA NVHDR file name blockdata with full directory path SCPI non volatile memory MMEM DATA user waveform file name blockdata MMEM DATA user markers file name blockdata MMEM DATA user header lt file name gt lt blockdata gt
332. play of the ERR annunciator and the error message at the bottom of the screen b Executing the SCPI command CLs clears the display of the ERR annunciator and the error message at the bottom of the screen C Errors that still exist after clearing the error queue For example unlock Error Message File A complete list of error messages is provided in the file errormessages pd f on the CD ROM supplied with your instrument In the error message list an explanation is generally included with each error to further clarify its meaning The error messages are listed numerically In cases where there are multiple listings for the same error number the messages are in alphabetical order Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 21 22 Getting Started with Remote Operation Error Messages Error Message Types Events generate only one type of error For example an event that generates a query error will not generate a device specific execution or command error Query Errors 499 to 400 indicate that the instrument s output queue control has detected a problem with the message exchange protocol described in IEEE 488 2 Chapter 6 Errors in this class set the query error bit bit 2 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 These errors correspond to message exchange protocol errors described in IEEE 488 2 6 5 In this case Either an attempt is being made to read data from the outp
333. ple uses a simple sine equation where 2 3 14 equals one waveform cycle Change the equation to fit your application The array pointer index increments from 0 499 creating 500 data points over one period of the sine waveform Setthe scale of the DAC values in the range of 32768 to 32767 where the values 32768 and 32767 equal full scale negative and positive respectively This example uses 23000 as the multiplier resulting in approximately 7096 scaling For more information on scaling see Scaling DAC Values on page 212 NOTE The signal generator comes from the factory with I Q scaling set to 70 If you reduce the DAC input values ensure that you set the signal generator scaling RADio ARB RSCaling to an appropriate setting that accounts for the reduced values Generate and scale the Q data DAC value This example uses a simple cosine equation where 2 3 14 equals one waveform cycle Change the equation to fit your application The array pointer index increments from 0 499 creating 500 Q data points over one period of the cosine waveform Setthe scale of the DAC values in the range of 32767 to 32768 where the values 32767 and 32768 equal full scale negative and positive respectively This example uses 23000 as the multiplier resulting in approximately 7096 scaling For more information on scaling see Scaling DAC Values on page 212 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Progra
334. pon rebooting to determine the assigned IP address Ruto GPIB Setup DHCP Ruto IP MXG A signal generator models LAN Services Setup Remote Language SCPI LAN Setup si DHCP only not X Series Utility IO Config Manual Config Auto IP Settings Advanced Proceed With Reconfiguration For details on each key use the key help described in User s Guide For additional SCPI command information refer to the SCPI Command Reference Confirm Change Instrument SCPI commands Mill Reboot SYSTem COMMunicate LAN CONFig DHCP AUTO SYSTem COMMunicate LAN CONFig Setting up Private LAN You can connect the Keysight X Series signal generator directly to a PC using a crossover cable To do this you should either choose to set IP addresses of the PC and signal generator to differ only in the last digit example PC s IP 1 1 1 1 and Signal generator s IP 1 1 1 2 or you can use the DHCP feature or Auto IP feature if your PC supports them For more information go to www keysight com and search on the Connectivity Guide E2094 90009 or use the Keysight Connection Expert s Help to see the Connection Guide Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 33 NOTE NOTE 34 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Verifying LAN Functionality Verify the communications link between the computer and the signal generator remote file server using the ping utili
335. ponding service request enable register then each individual bit value is ORed and input to this bit 7 Standard Operation Status Summary Bit A 1 in this bit position indicates that the Standard Operation Status Group s summary bit has been set The Standard Operation Event Register can then be read to determine the specific condition that caused this bit to be set Query STB Response The decimal sum of the bits set to 1 including the master summary status bit MSS bit 6 Example The decimal value 136 is returned when the MSS bit is set low 0 Decimal sum 128 bit 7 8 bit 3 The decimal value 200 is returned when the MSS bit is set high 1 Decimal sum 128 bit 7 8 bit 3 64 MSS bit Service Request Enable Register The Service Request Enable Register lets you choose which bits in the Status Byte Register trigger a service request SRE data data is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable except bit 6 Bit 6 cannot be enabled on this register Refer to Figure 4 1 on page 174 and Figure 4 2 on page 175 Example To enable bits 7 and 5 to trigger a service request when either corresponding status group register summary bit sets to 1 send the command SRE 160 128 32 Query SRE Response The decimal value ofthe sum ofthe bits previously enabled with the SRE data command Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 183 Programming the Status
336. pport SRQ interrupts for example BASIC or VISA used with GPIB and VXI 11 over the LAN Using this method you must do the following 1 2 5 Determine which bit monitors the condition Send commands to enable the bit that monitors the condition transition registers Send commands to enable the summary bits that report the condition event enable registers Send commands to enable the status byte register to monitor the condition Enable the controller to respond to service requests The controller responds to the SRQ as soon as it occurs As a result the time the controller would otherwise have used to monitor the condition as in a loop method can be used to perform other tasks The application determines how the controller responds to the SRQ Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Programming the Status Register System Accessing Status Register Information When a condition changes and that condition has been enabled the request service summary RQS bit in the status byte register is set In order for the controller to respond to the change the Service Request Enable Register needs to be enabled for the bit s that will trigger the SRQ Generating a Service Request The Service Request Enable Register lets you choose the bits in the Status Byte Register that will trigger a service request Send the SRE lt num gt command where lt num gt is the sum of the decimal va
337. primary addr secondary addr INST id iopen instOpenString if id fprintf stderr iopen failed s n instOpenString return 1 Line Code Description Open a Connection Session Assign the signal generator s LAN hostname IP address or GPIB address to a character string This example uses the Keysight IO library s iopen SICL function to establish a LAN connection with the signal generator The input argument lan hostname or IP address contains the device interface or commander address Change it to your signal generator host name or just set it to the IP address used by your signal generator For example lan 999 137 240 9 Ifyou are using GPIB to connect to the signal generator use the commented line in place of the first line Insert the GPIB address based on your instrument setting for example gpib0 19 For the detailed information about the parameters of the SICL function iopen refer to the online Keysight SICL User s Guide for Windows Open a connection session with the signal generator to download the generated Q data The SICL function iopen is from the Keysight IO library and creates a session that returns an identifier to id If iopen succeeds in establishing a connection the function returns a valid session id The valid session id is not viewable and can only be used by other SICL functions If iopen generates an error before making the connect
338. ption The and Q samples are independently filtered by a single set of real coefficients The samples are treated as complex I jQ and convolved with the filter coefficients which are specified as jQ in the time domain Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files FIR Filter Coefficient Downloads Filter lengths of up to 1024 taps are allowed The oversample ratio OSR is the number of filter taps per symbol Oversample ratios from 1 through 32 are possible The sampling period At is equal to the inverse of the sampling rate FS For modulation filters the sampling rate is equal to the symbol rate multiplied by the oversample ratio For example the GSM symbol rate is 270 83 ksps With an oversample ratio of 4 the sampling rate is 1083 32 kHz and At inverse of FS is 923 088 nsec Filter Type Oversampling Ratio Number of Taps Symbols Coefficients OSR Maximum Maximum Equalization 1 256 ARB Custom 22 512 1024 Modulation Dual ARB 22 32 1024 Real Time Modulation a When I Q timing skew Q delay or the ACP internal I Q channel optimization features are active the effective number of taps for the equalization filter are reduced b The filter may be sampled to a higher or lower OSR c The filter will be decimated to a 16 or lower OSR depending on the symbol rate Downloading FIR Filter Coeffici
339. quency domain mag abs coeffs ang angle coeffs coeffs mag cos ang tli mag sin ang display the frequency domain version again fprintf t DISPlay DDEM TRAC2 FEED Ch Frequency Responsel n forintf t DISPlay DDEM TRAC2 FORMat MLOG n fprintf t DISPlay DDEM TRAC2 Y AUTO ONCE n must center frequency domain to match what comes in frequency domain coeffs fftshift coeffs fclose t convert to time domain first placing the 0 frequency at the left edge Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples timeDomain ifft ifftshift coeffs centeredTi me fftshift ti meDomai n if abs destRate rate gt le 6 this simple resample function may be insuffient for some rates resampledTime resample centeredTi me destRate rate 30 resampledTi me resampledTi me rate destRate else resampledTi me centeredTi me end 0 display resulting corrections if displayCorr 0 fcorr fftshift fft resampledTi me displayOversample 100 xcoordsOversample 1 displayOversample length fcorr displayOversampl e lengt h fcorr 2 2 length fcorr destRate displayOversampl e plot amplitude correction figure plot xcoordsOversample resample 20 logl0 abs fcorr displayOversample 1 100 plot phase correction fcorrz fftshift fft ifftshift resampledTi me
340. r static public void RestorelnstrumentState uint device Directorylnfo di new Directorylnfo Instantiate object class Filelnfo rgFiles di GetFiles STA Get the state files foreach Filelnfo fi in rgFiles Match m Regex Match fi Name d _ d d if m Success string sequence m Groups 1 ToString string register m Groups 2 ToStri ng Console Writeline Restoring sequence sequence register register Save the target instrument s current state to the specified sequence register pair This ensures the index file has an entry for the Specified sequence register pair This workaround will not be necessary in future revisions of firmware WriteDevice device SAV register sequence ET ET true lt lt on SAME line Overwrite the newly created state file with the state file that is being restored Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 375 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files WriteDevice device MEM DATA USER STATE m ToString ge esa false lt lt on SAME li ne WriteFileBlock device fi Name WriteDevice device in true This method reads out all the sequence register state files from the signal generator and stores themin your computer s local directory with a STA extension static public void Backupl ns
341. r pxa4 output of corrFilter is in time domain NOTE The equalization filter feature on the PXA must be ON for this script to work It can be EQ Hold ON Typically followed with something like writeMxgFir a n5182b 00211 EQ 16HZ 62MHZ corrFilter if nargin l nargin gt 3 error corrFilter loadPxaEgFilter pxaAddress destRate displayCorr destRate is assumed to be 200e6 if missing end if nargin 2 destRatez200e6 end if nargin 3 di spl ayCorrz0 end Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 161 162 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples contact PXA t tcpip pxaAddress 5025 t Out put BufferSize 1 1024 1024 t InputBufferSi zez1 1024 1024 fopen t fprintf t DISPlay DDEM TRAC2 FEED Eq Impulse Responsel n fprintf t DISP DDEM TRACe2 FORMat REAL n fprintf t calc DDEM DATA2 n real Time readArrayOf Doubl es t fprintf t DISP DDEM TRACe2 FORMat MAG n fprintf t calc DDEM DATA2 n imagTime readArrayOf Doubl es t coeffs realTi me li imagTi me fprintf t calc DDEM DATA2 HEAD XDelta n timeStep readArrayOf Doubles t rate ceil 1 timeStep le 9 mirror coefficients coeffs coeffs length coeffs 1 1 convert to frequency coefficients null group delay with ifftshift coeffs fft ifftshift coeffs invert phase in fre
342. r source to settle n Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 155 156 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples print sock opc n my response sock chomp response Removes newline from response if response ne 1 die Bad response to OPC frominstrument n Send identification query print sock IDN n response sock chomp response print I nstrument ID responseln TCP IP LAN Programming Using Matlab The examples in this section are meant to be used in one of three ways Using a PSA to directly calculate and load an Equalization filter into the MXG 1 2 3 This process can be easily automated Set up the PSA to measure the modulation Turn on the equalization filter Call loadPsaEqFilterFreq example 1 in Matlab to read out the equalization channel response over LAN via SCPI and calculate the correct equalization filter Call writeM xgFir example 4 in Matlab to write out the equalization filter over LAN via SCPI to the MXG Manual process using the VSA 89600 software to measure the channel response calculate the correction equalization filter and load that filter into the MXG 1 2 3 Setup to measure the modulation Turn on the equalization filter View the equalization channel response trace either Eq Ch Freq Resp or Eq Impls Resp Save the trace as mat
343. r to its original factory default settings For information regarding those default settings refer to Table 1 3 on page 17 I Config GPIB Setup LAN Setup LAN Services Setup Remote Language SCPI Dynamic ONS Off mDNS DNS SD off NNI Config Tupe Manual Manual Config Settings Advanced Restore LAN ings Settinas top Default Values Proceed Lith L Hore 1 of 2 XJ Reconfiguration For details on each key and for equivalent SCPI commands if applicable use the key help described in the User s Guide Utility gt 10 Config SCPI command Not applicable Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation Preferences Preferences The following commonly used manual command sections are included here Configuring the Display for Remote Command Setups on page 19 Getting Key Help on page 19 Configuring the Display for Remote Command Setups Select Color alette Bright Color T Select Update in Remote until On is Screen Saver Update in Remote iahli sspe 0 MN i ode Secure Displa Displau Light Onlu play SCPI commands Screen Saver DISPlay REMote ON OFF 1 0 Foner lly Delay 1 hr y ni DISPlay REMote Brightness 100 For details on each key and for equivalent SCPI commands if applicable use the key help described below and in the User s Guide Getting Key Help When y
344. ractice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in personal injury or death Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Contents Table of Contents i Getting Started with Remote Operation Programming and Software Hardware Layers 0 0 cece e 1 2 Ip RARE rcc 1 3 IO Libraries and Programming Language S 00 cece tee Ihnen 1 4 KeysightlO Libraries S te ern RR PREX dows REX eas E RERO E 1 4 Windows XP 2000 Professional and Vista Business Keysight IO Libraries 15 0 and Newer 1 6 Windows NT and Keysight IO Libraries M and Earlier ee teen eee ees 1 8 Selecting IO Libraries Tor GPIB se re isanne ek emnt ec dU ger rn RR d cR e n n Rb 1 10 Selecting IO Libraries for LAN ssisssseseesssees I Hmmm as 1 10 Programming Languages 0 cece ehe 1 11 Using the Web BrOWSel isse scere me be MoM EE Re RR RR ee ee eR mae 1 12 Modifying the Signal Generator Configuration iiis n 1 13 Enabling the Signal Generator Web Server 0 c cece teeta 1 15 LAN Configuration System Defa lts s cuisse eed hh dr kk eda Rad NER EAEE EEEa 1 17 Displaying the LAN Configuration Summary sssssssssssee tenet eee 1 18 Preferentes MERE 1 19 Configuring the Display for Remote Command Setups isssssssssse seh 1 19 Getting Key Help issus deseen mr mod rcr i Rel aid tema t de d e d rd n he R
345. rators Programming Guide 137 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples count recv sock result int numDigits 0 result count 0 null terminate numBytes atol result if numBytes resultBytes 0 Loop until we get all the bytes we requested Each call seems to return up to 1457 bytes on HP UX 9 05 do int rcount rcount recv sock result int numBytes 0 resultBytes rcount result rcount Advance pointer while resultBytes lt numBytes RPERRE ESAS ELL LAL ER LEAL SS EE ORAL RE RAD TE CRE ERR AR SRR ERR For LAN dumps there is always an extra trailing newline Since there is no EOI line For ASCII dumps this great but for binary dumps it is not needed FLEAERELERELEE EL ERE OUR LR EEA EERE ERROR LE SRE ERE RE ER RE RE HB if resultBytes numBytes char junk count recv sock amp junk 1 0 else Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples indefinite block dump til we can an extra line feed do if recv_line sock result maxLength NULL break if strlen result zzl amp amp result n break resultBytes strlen result result strlen result while 1 else ASCII response not a binary block result char ch if recv_line sock result 1 maxLength 1 NULL return 0 REMOVE tra
346. re always set to 0 15 Always 0 a The data reported by this bit depends on the installed options b In models that do not support Bit Error Rate Testing Option UN 7 this bit is always set to 0 Query STATus QUEStionable CONDition Response The decimal sum of the bits set to 1 Example The decimal value 520 is returned The decimal sum 512 bit 9 8 bit 3 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 191 192 Comman Queries Query Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Transition Filters negative and positive The Data Questionable Transition Filters specify which type of bit state changes in the condition register set corresponding bits in the event register Changes can be positive 0 to 1 or negative 1 to 0 ds STATus QUEStionable NTRansition value negative transition or STATus QUEStionable PTRansition value positive transition where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable STATus QUEStionable NTRansition STATus QUEStionable PTRansition Data Questionable Event Register The Data Questionable Event Register latches transition events from the condition register as specified by the transition filters Event registers are destructive read only Reading data from an event register clears the content of that register STATus QUEStionable EVENt Data Questionable Event Enable Re
347. re xxxxx is the hostname for the signal generator Use this same format to output SCPI commands to the signal generator The int main1 function will output a sequence of commands in a program format If you want to run a program using a sequence of commands then perform the following 1 Rename the lanio c int main1 to int main and the original int main to int mainl 2 In the main openSocket function change the your hostname here string to the hostname of the signal generator you want to control 3 Re save the lanio c program 4 At the UNIX prompt type cc Aa O o lanio lanio c 5 At the UNIX prompt type lanio The program will run and output a sequence of SCPI commands to the signal generator The UNIX display will show a display similar to the following unix machine users mydir lanio ID Keysight Technologies E4438C US70000001 C 02 00 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 123 NOTE 124 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples Frequency 2 5000000000000E 09 Power Level 5 00000000E4000 Sockets on Windows In Windows the routines send and recv must be used since fread and fwrite may not work on sockets The following steps outline the process for running the interactive program in the Microsoft Visual C 6 0 environment 1 Rename the lanio c to lanio cpp and getopt c to getopt cpp and add them to the Source folder of the
348. rences are in the lower level I O libraries used to communicate over the USB NI 488 2 and SICL respectively NI 488 2 NI 488 2 I O libraries can be used to develop applications for the USB interface See National Instrument s website for information on NI 488 2 SICL Keysight SICL can be used to develop applications for the USB interface See Keysight s website for information on SICL CAUTION Because of the potential for portability problems running Keysight SICL without the VISA overlay is not recommended by Keysight Technologies Setting Up the USB Interface Rear Panel Interface Mini B 5 pin To use USB connect the USB cable Refer to Table 2 2 USB Interface Cable on page 62 for USB cable information between the computer and the signal generator s rear panel Mini B 5 pin USB connector Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 61 Table 2 2 NOTE 62 Using IO Interfaces Using USB USB Interface Cable Quantity Description Keysight Part Number 1 USB cable Mini B 5 pin to Type A 82357 61601 Front Panel USB Type A For details on using the front panel USB Type A and the front panel USB Media operation refer to the User s Guide Verifying USB Functionality Mini B 5 Pin Rear Panel Connector For information on verifying your Mini B 5 pin USB rear panel functionality refer to the Keysight Connection Expert in the Keysight IO Libraries Help The K
349. requency of signal generator cout lt lt Press any key to conti nue endl cin ignore 10000 An ibwrt sig POW AMPL 10 Querys the signal generator ibrd sig rdVal 100 Reads the signal generator power level rdVal ibcntl 10 Null character indicating end of array Prints signal generator power level cout lt lt Source power dBm is lt lt rdVal cout lt lt Press any key to continue lt lt end cin ignore 10000 n ibwrt sig FREQ MODE 11 Querys source frequency mode ibrd sig rdVal 100 Enters in the source frequency mo de rdVal ibcntl 10 Null character indicating end of array cout lt lt Source frequency mode is rdVal Print source frequency mode cout lt lt Press any key to continue endl cin ignore 10000 n ibwrt sig OUTP OFF 12 Turns off RF source ibwrt sig OUTP 5 Querys the on off state of the instrument ibrd sig rdVal 2 Enter in the source state rdVal ibcntl 10 num int rdVal 0 0 if num gt 0 cout lt lt Source RF state is On lt lt endl fel se cout lt lt Source RF state is Off lt lt endl cout endl ibwrt sig IDN 5 Querys the instrument ID Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples ibrd sig rdVal 100 Reads the source ID rdVal ibcntl Y10 N
350. rface Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples NOTE The LAN programming examples in this section demonstrate the use of VXI 11 and Sockets LAN to control the signal generator To use these programming examples you must change references to the IP address and hostname to match the IP address and hostname of your signal generator NOTE VXI 11 Programming Using SICL and C on page 118 VXI 11 Programming Using VISA and C on page 120 Sockets LAN Programming and C on page 122 Sockets LAN Programming Using Java on page 152 Sockets LAN Programming Using Perl on page 155 TCP IP LAN Programming Using Matlab on page 156 For additional LAN programming examples that work with user data files refer to Save and Recall Instrument State Files on page 369 VXI 11 Programming The signal generator supports the VXI 11 standard for instrument communication over the LAN interface Keysight IO Libraries support the VXI 11 standard and must be installed on your computer before using the VXI 11 protocol Refer to Using VXI 11 on page 38 for information on configuring and using the VXI 11 protocol The VXI 11 examples use TCPIPO as the board address Using VXI 11 with GPIB Programs The GPIB programming examples that use the VISA library and are listed in GPIB Programming Interface Examples on page 70 can be easily changed to use the LAN VXI 11 protocol by changin
351. rfaces 3 S samples even number 218 waveform 218 save and recall 369 scaling I Q data 212 SCPI error queue 21 file transfer methods 229 GPIB overview 24 programming languages common 11 register model 172 web server control 12 SCPI command programming syntax block data downloading 357 SCPI command syntax PRAM files extracting 361 SCPI commands block data downloading 355 command line structure 230 download e443xb files 256 encrypted files 233 extraction 228 230 231 233 362 for status registers IEEE 488 2 common commands 180 GPIB function statements 26 instrument state files recalling 369 instrument state files saving 369 list format downloading 355 no extraction 230 unencrypted files 231 362 user FIR file downloads sample command line 365 securewave directory decryption file 228 downloading encrypted files 233 downloads file 228 encryption file 228 extracting waveform data 232 233 extraction file 228 sequences waveforms building 252 service request interrupt reading using VISA and C 112 method status registers 178 using 178 SetRWLS 72 setting help mode Keysight mxg 19 Pulse RF Blank n5161a 62a 81a 82a 83a 322 SICL 10 11 28 61 70 GPIB examples 28 70 iabort 70 iclear 73 igpibllo 72 iloc 72 iprintf 73 iremote 71 iscanf 74 NI libraries 10 USB using 61 VXI 11 programming 118 signal generator monitoring status 172 volatile memory types 325 Waveform Download Assistant 254 Signal S
352. rintable In actual use the block data is not part of the command line as shown above but instead resides in a binary file on the PC UNIX When the program executes the SCPI command the command line notifies the signal generator that it is going to receive block data of the stated size and to place the file in the signal generator file directory with the indicated name Immediately following the command execution the program downloads the binary file to the signal generator This is shown in the following section Command Format in a Program Routine Some commands are file location specific and do not require the file location as part of the file name An example of this is the bit file SCP command shown in Commands for Bit File Downloads on page 342 Command Format in a Program Routine This section demonstrates the use of the download SCPI command within the confines of a C program routine The following code sends the SCPI command and downloads user file data to the signal generator s Binary memory catalog directory Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 339 Line O CO CO Un amp BWN Fe Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Code Download User File Data int bytesToSend bytesToSend numsamples char s 20 char cmd 200 sprintf s d bytesToSend sprintf cmd MEM DATA BIN FILE1 d d strlen s bytesToSend iwr
353. rintf t syst err fgets t fprintf t s mkrCmd Wf write t mkrData int8 J WriteData t mkrData 1 buf Size forintf t n fprintf t syst err fgets t fprintf t s n hdr Cmd fprintf t syst err fgets t fclose t end function WriteData fid data format buf Si ze Write data using a loop to support large waveforms without having to 298 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples specify a huge buffer NPUT PARAMETERS fid file id data all the data format data size to output in bytes 1 2 4 etc bufSize Buffer size in bytes buf floor bufSize format full Chunks floor length data buf partialChunk length data full Chunks buf sfmt int32 if format sfm int8 elseif format sfmt intl6 end stop 0 for i 0 full Chunks 1 start 1 i buf stop i l buf fwrite fid data start stop sfmt end if partial Chunk gt 0 fwrite fid data stoptl end sfmt end end function data Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Scale the a b if a gt b size rms FormatWaveform iqWave waveform to DAC val ues iqWave 299 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples iqWave iqWave end maxV max abs real iqWave imag iqWave if maxV 0 maxV l end Preven
354. rite vi str strlen char str 0 386 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User Flatness Correction Downloads Using C and VISA store the downloaded correction pairs to PSG memory const char fileName flatCal_data user flatness file name I write the SCPI command to the buffer str sprintf char str corr flat store n fileName write to buffer viWrite vi str strlen char str 0 write the command to the PSG printf nFlatness Data saved to file s n n fileName Ilload corrections Sprintf char str corr flat load s n fileName l write to buffer viWrite vi str strlen char str 0 write command to the PSG turn on corrections sprintf char str corr on n viWrite vi str strlen char str 0 printf nFlatness Corrections Enabled n n for int k 0 k lt lenArray k delete pairsList k free up memory delete pairsList free up memory viClose vi close the sessions viClose default RM return 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 387 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Data Transfer Troubleshooting Data Transfer Troubleshooting NOTE This section applies to vector models with an installed baseband generator option This section is divided by the following data transfer methods User File Download Problems
355. rn RAM PRAM Data Downloads translates the data bit into a 32 bit word the file contents are not recognizable and therefore not editable using a hex editor program as shown in the following figure 60 byte PRAM file prior to downloading 00000000 FS 15 15 15 15 14 15 14 15 14 14 15 15 15 14 14 00000010 14 15 15 15 14 15 14 14 15 14 14 15 15 14 14 15 00000020 15 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 14 14 15 15 14 15 15 14 00000030 14 14 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 14 30 00000000 00 01 01 40 00 01 00 40 00 01 00 40 00 O1 00 40 60 byte PRAM file after downloading 55555510 oo 01 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 01 00 40 00 00 00 40 00000020 00 01 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 OO OD 40 00 01 00 40 00000030 00 O1 00 40 OO O1 O0 40 OO OO O0 40 00 OO O0 40 00000040 00 00 00 40 OO O1 O0 40 OO O1 00 40 00 O1 00 40 00000050 00 00 DO 40 OO O1 00 40 00 OO OD 40 DO OO 00 40 00000060 00 01 00 40 00 OO DO 40 OO OO OO 40 00 O1 00 40 00000070 00 01 00 40 00 00 OO 40 OO OO O0 40 00 O1 00 40 00000080 00 01 00 40 OO 00 OO 40 OO OO 00 40 DO OO OO 40 00000090 00 00 00 40 00 00 OO 40 00 O1 00 40 00 01 00 40 000000a0 00 00 00 40 OO 00 OO 40 OO O1 00 40 00 O1 00 40 000000b0 00 00 DO 40 OO O1 00 40 OO O1 00 40 00 OO 00 40 000000c0 00 00 00 40 OO 00 OO 40 OO O1 00 40 00 OO 00 40 o00000d0 00 O0 00 40 OO O1 00 40 OO O1 O0 40 00 O1 00 40 DO0000e0 00 O1 00 40 OO O1 00 40 OO OO O0 40 00 OO 00 00 DO0000 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide
356. rnal arb format The internal arb format is a single waveform containing interleaved 10 data The I Q data is signed short integers 16 bits The data has values scaled between 32767 where I DAC Value Description I 32767 Maximum positive value of the DAC 0 Zero out of the DAC I 32161 Maxi mum negative value of the DAC The internal arb expects the data bytes to be in Big Endian format This is opposite of how short integers are saved on a PC Little Endian For this reason the data bytes are swapped before being saved Find the Maxi mim amplitude in and Q to normalize the data between 4 1 maxAmp wave 0 minAmp wave 0 for i 0 i points i if maxAmp lt wave i maxAmp wave i else if minAmp gt wave i minAmp lwave i if maxAmp lt Qwave i 260 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples maxAmp Qwave i else if minAmp gt Quave i minAmp Qwave i maxAmp fabs maxAmp mi nAmp fabs minAmp if minAmp gt maxAmp maxAmp minAmp Convert to short integers and interleave Q data scale 32767 maxAmp Watch out for divide by zero for iz0 i lt points i waveform 2 i short floor Iwave i scale 0 5 waveform 2 i l short floor Qwave i scale 0 5 If on a PC swap the bytes to Big Endian if str
357. rogram example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as loadPsaEQFilterFreq m function corrFilter loadPsaEgFilter psaDev destRate corrFilter loadPsaEqFilter psaDev destRate Reads out the current Equalization filter active on the PSA Specified The communication is over TCP IP LAN destRate is assumed to be 125e6 if missing Example corrFilter loadPsaEqFilter psa4 output of corrFilter is in time domain NOTE The equalization filter feature in the PSA Digital Modul ation Modulation Analysis mode must be ON for this script to work t can be set to EQ Hold ON Typically followed with something like writeMxgFir a n5182a 00211 EQ 1GHZ_62MHZ corrFilter if nargin l nargi n 2 error corrFilter loadPsaEgFilter psaDev destRate destRate is assumed to be 125e6 if missing end if nargin 2 destRatez125e6 end contact PSA using LAN t tcpip psaDev 5025 t Output BufferSize 1 1024 1024 t nputBufferSize 1 1024 1024 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples fopen t fprintf t FETCh EVM9 n magDb readArrayOf Doubl es t fprintf t FETCh EVM10 n phaseDeg readArrayOf Doubl es t fprintf t FETCh EVM21 n xSteps readArrayOf Doubles t fclose t freqStep xSteps 1 9 2 1 oversample 1 xSteps 1 8 2
358. rs Programming Guide 253 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Using the Download Utilities Using the Download Utilities Table 5 13 254 Keysight provides free download utilities to download waveform data into the signal generator The table in this section describes the capabilities of three such utilities For more information and to install the utilities refer to the following URLs Keysight Signal Studio Toolkit 2 http www keysight com find signalstudio This software provides a graphical interface for downloading files Keysight Waveform Download Assistant http www keysight com find downloadassistant This software provides functions for the MATLAB environment to download waveform data Features Keysight Signal Keysight Studio Toolkit2 Waveform Download Assistant Downloads encrypted waveform files X Downloads complex MATLAB waveform data X Downloads MATLAB files mat X Downloads unencrypted interleaved 16 bit 1 Q files X nterleaves and downloads earlier 14 bit E443xB and Q files X Swaps bytes for little endian order Manually select big endian byte order for 14 bit and 16 bit 1 Q X files Downloads user created marker files Performs scaling Starts waveform play back Sends SCPI Commands and Queries gt lt lt lt lt 5x gt lt lt lt 5x Builds a waveform sequence a ASCII or binary f
359. s VAL Nbytes Ndi gi tszLEN Nbytes Ndi gi ts zVAL Ndi gits WAIT 1 OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT WAIT 1 OUTPUT WAIT 2 OUTPUT ASSI GN ASSI GN PRI NT PSG USING K MMEM DATA WrMl data file PSG USING K Ndi gi ts PSG USING K Nbytes QPSGb Int array QP S6 END PSG TO PSGb TO PRINT END Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 315 316 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples END Program Comments 10 Program file name 20 Sets the number of points in the waveform 30 Allocates integer data array for and Q waveform points 40 Sets HP BASIC to use degrees for cosine and sine functions 50 Sets up first loop for waveform points 60 Calculate and interleave waveform points 70 End of loop 80 Sets up second loop for Q waveform points 90 Calculate and interleave Q waveform points 100 End of loop 120 Calculates number of bytes in I Q waveform 130 Opens an IO path to the signal generator using GPIB 7 is the address of the GPIB card in the computer and 19 is the address of the signal generator This IO path is used to send ASCII data to the signal generator 140 Opens an IO path for sending binary data to the signal generator 150 Creates an ASCII string representation of the number of bytes in the waveform 160 to 1
360. s LAN This program requires J ava version 1 1 or later be installed on your PC For more information on sockets LAN programming with J ava refer to Sockets LAN Programming Using Java on page 152 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 67 Programming Examples Using the Programming Interface Examples Running MATLAB Examples For information regarding programming examples and files required to create and play waveform files refer to Chapter 5 NOTE To communicate with the signal generator over the LAN interface you must enable the VXI 11 SCPI service For more information refer to Configuring the VXI 11 Service on page 31 Running Perl Examples The Perl example Sockets LAN Programming Using Perl on page 155 uses PERL script to control the signal generator over the sockets LAN interface 68 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using GPIB NOTE Programming Examples Using GPIB GPIB enables instruments to be connected together and controlled by a computer GPIB and its associated interface operations are defined in the ANSI IEEE Standard 488 1 1987 and ANSI IEEE Standard 488 2 1992 See the IEEE website http www ieee org for details on these standards The following sections contain information for installing a GPIB interface card or NI GPIB interface card for your PC or UNIX based system Installing the GPIB Interface Card on page 69 For
361. s Programming Guide NOTE NOTE Programming Examples Using the Programming Interface Examples If you want to use VISA functions such as viWrite then you must add the visa32 bas module to your Visual Basic project The signal generator s VXI 11 SCPI service must be on before you can run the Download Visual Basic 6 0 programming example To communicate with the signal generator over the LAN interface you must enable the VXI 11 SCPI service For more information refer to Configuring the VXI 11 Service on page 31 You can start a new Standard EXE project and add the required references Oncethe required references are included you can copy the example programs into your project and add a command button to Form that will call the program The example Visual Basic 6 0 programs are available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM enabling you to cut and paste the examples into your project Visual Basic Examples The Visual Basic examples enable the use of waveform files and are located in Chapter 5 Creating I Q Data Little Endian Order on page 305 Downloading l Q Data on page 308 HP Basic Examples Interface Check using HP Basic and GPIB on page 74 Local Lockout Using HP Basic and GPIB on page 78 Queries Using HP Basic and GPIB on page 82 Running J ava Examples The J ava program Sockets LAN Programming Using Java on page 152 connects to the signal generator through socket
362. s file names with full extensions i e marker header etc For more information on default cluster sizes for FAT file structures refer to Table 6 3 and to http support microsoft com Table 6 3 Drive Size and Non volatile Memory Clusters Drive Size logical volume Cluster Size Bytes Minimum Allocation Size 0 MB 15 MB 4K 16 MB 127 MB 2K 128 MB 255 MB 4K 256 MB 511 MB 8K Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 327 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Signal Generator Memory Table 6 3 Drive Size and Non volatile Memory Clusters Drive Size logical volume Cluster Size Bytes Minimum Allocation Size 512 MB 1023 MB 16k 1024 MB 2048 MB 32K 2048 MB 4096 MB 64K 4096 MB 8192 MB 128K 8192 MB 16384 MB 256K Memory Size The amount of available memory volatile and non volatile varies by signal generator option and the size of the other files that share the memory The baseband generator BBG options contain the volatile memory Table 6 4 shows the maximum available memory assuming that there are no other files residing in memory 328 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Signal Generator Memory Table 6 4 Maximum Signal Generator Memory Volatile WFM1 PRAM Memory Non Volatile NVWFM Memory BBG 019
363. s located This is a console application that uses DLL importing to allow for calls to the unmanaged Keysight 10 Library VISA DLL The Keysight VISA library must be installed on your computer for this example to run important Replace the visaOpenString with the IP address for your signal generator FERRER ELEERERS EERE EERE ES ERE ERE REDS REESE EE EEE RE EER ERE REESE SRSA EE using System using System 10 using System Text using System Runti me I nteropServi ces using System Collections using System Text RegularExpressions namespace State Files class Mai nApp Replace the visaOpenString variable with your instrument s address static public string visaOpenString TCPLPO 000 000 000 000 GPIB0 19 TCPI PO ESG3 INSTR Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files public const uint DEFAULT TIMEOUT 30 1000 Instrument timeout 30 seconds public const int MAX READ DEVICE STRING 1024 Buffer for string data reads public const int TRANSFER BLOCK SIZE 4096 Buffer for byte data The main entry point for the application STAThread static void Main string args uint defaultRM Open the default VISA resource manager if Visalnterop OpenDefaultRM out defaultRM 0 If no errors proceed uint device
364. sages 21 extraction commands and file paths 230 header information 216 228 large generating real time data 389 PRAM modifying 362 transfer methods 229 transferring 44 waveform download utilities 254 waveform structure 216 filter equalization 368 user equalization 368 filters See transition filters FIR filter data custom modulation 366 filters carrier activating 367 carrier modulating 367 data limitations 364 firmware loading older versions caution 1 firmware status monitoring 177 front panel USB connector Type A 62 flash memory sticks 62 media 62 USB media 62 FTP commands for downloading and extracting files 362 downloading and extracting files commands 232 233 internet explorer using 347 methods 229 procedures for downloading files 234 346 Index using 44 web server procedure 236 347 G Getting Started Wizard 26 global settings Keysight mxg 19 322 GPIB address 25 117 configuration 25 controller 26 interface 3 25 interface cards 24 69 10 libraries 10 Keysight mxg setting address 26 listener 26 overview 24 69 program examples 28 70 77 87 SCPI commands 26 talker 26 troubleshooting 26 using VISA and C 77 verifying operation 26 H hardware layers remote programming 2 status monitoring 177 help mode setting Keysight mxg 19 hex editor binary file modifying 346 bit file modifying 346 hexadecimal data 305 hostname 31 117 hostname setting DHCP Auto I P LAN Keysight mxg 33 Keys
365. scilloscope ao 00 oo0000 aaa Oooo0 o o 0000 0000 00009 pp oo oo oo SIGNAL GENERATOR 2 Set an active marker point on the first waveform point for marker one NOTE Select the same waveform selected in Playing the Waveform on page 250 Send the following SCPI commands SOURCe RADio ARB MARKer CLEar ALL WFM1 file name gt 1 SOURCe RADio ARB MARKer SET WFM1 lt file name gt 1 1 1 0 3 Compare the oscilloscope display to the plot of the and Q data from the text file you created when you generated the data If the oscilloscope display and the and Q data plots differ recheck your code For detailed information on programmatically creating and downloading waveform data see Creating Waveform Data on page 238 and Downloading Waveform Data on page 244 For information on the waveform data requirements see Waveform Data Requirements on page 207 Building and Playing Waveform Sequences The signal generator can be used to build waveform sequences This section assumes you have created the waveform segment file s and have the waveform segment file s in volatile memory The following SCPI commands can be used to generate and work with a waveform sequence For more information refer to the signal generator s SCPI Command Reference and User s Guide 252 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE NOTE Creating and
366. scriptor ibclr sig Sends device clear message to signal generator ibwrt sig RST 4 Places the signal generator into a defined state Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 29 Using LAN NOTE NOTE 30 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN The signal generator can be remotely programmed through a 100Base T LAN interface or 10Base T LAN interface and LAN connected computer using one of several LAN interface protocols The LAN allows instruments to be connected together and controlled by a LAN based computer LAN and its associated interface operations are defined in the IEEE 802 2 standard For more information refer to http www ieee org For more information on configuring your signal generator for LAN refer to the User s Guide for your signal generator You can also refer to www keysight com and search on the FAQs Hard ware Configurations and Installation The signal generator supports the following LAN interface protocols VXI 11 See page 38 Sockets LAN See page 39 Telephone Network TELNET See page 40 File Transfer Protocol FTP See page 44 LXI See page 46 VXI 11 and sockets LAN are used for general programming using the LAN interface TELNET is used for interactive one command at a time instrument control and FTP is for file transfer LXI is used to communicate with multiple instruments through LAN events using precision time protocols For more inform
367. se you may only achieve a partial download of the user file data Send the terminating carriage n as the last byte of the waveform data iwrite writes the data n to the signal generator session identifier specified in id The third argument of iwrite 1 sends one byte to the signal generator The fourth argument of iwrite 1 is the END of file indicator which the program uses to terminate the data download To verify the user file data download see Commands for Bit File Downloads on page 342 and Commands for Binary File Downloads on page 343 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 341 Table 6 7 342 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Commands for Bit File Downloads Because the signal generator adds a 10 byte file header during a bit file download you must use the SCPI command shown in Table 6 7 If you FTP or copy the file for the initial download the signal generator does not add the 10 byte file header and it does recognize the data in the file no data in the transmitted signal Bit files enable you to control how many bits in the file the signal generator modulates onto the signal Even with this file type the signal generator requires that all data be contained within bytes For more information on bit files see Bit File Type Data on page 332 Bit File Type SCPI Commands Type Command
368. sed system Installing the GPIB Interface on page 24 Set Up the GPIB Interface on page 25 Verify GPIB Functionality on page 26 Installing the GPIB Interface NOTE You can also connect GPIB instruments to a PC USB port using the Keysight 82357A USB GPIB Interface Converter which eliminates the need for a GPIB card For more information refer to the table on page 24 or go to http www keysight com find gpib A GPIB interface card can be installed in a computer Two common GPIB interface cards are the Keysight GPIB interface card and the National Instruments NI PCI GPIB card Follow the interface card instructions for installing and configuring the card The following table provide lists on some of the available interface cards Also see the Keysight website http www keysight com for details on GPIB interface cards Interface Operating 10 Library Languages Backplane Max IO Buffering Type System BUS KB sec USB GPIB Interface Converter for PC Based Systems Keysight Windows VISA SICL C C Visual USB 2 0 850 Built in 82357A 98 SE ME Basic Keysight 1 1 compatible Converter 2000 XP VEE HP Basic for Windows NI Labview GPIB Interface Card for PC Based Systems Keysight Windows VISA SICL C C Visual ISA EISA 750 Built in 82341CforISA 95 98 NT Basic Keysight 16 bit bus computers 2000 VEE HP Basic for Windows Keysight Windows VISA
369. ser Bit X X User FIR X X X Instrument State X X X X Waveform Sequences X X X a Analog signal generator models and vector signal generator models without an installed baseband generator option The following figure shows the signal generator s directory structure for the user data files Keysight X Series and MXG Internal Storage media i e Nonvolatile memory Root directory USER BIN FIR STATE p o p a p USERFLAT WAVEFORM X Series and MXG USB media File listing with extensions2 De id Y i Volatile memory directory 5 BBG1 Volatile memory data WFM1 WAVEFORM PRAM 5 NONVOLATILE q Keysight MXG 1This NONVOLATILE directory shows the files with the same extensions as the USB media and is useful with ftp 2The Keysight X Series and MXG can use optional USB media to store non volatile waveform data 326 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Signal Generator Memory Memory Allocation Volatile Memory The signal generator allocates volatile memory in blocks of 1024 bytes For example a user data file with 60 bytes uses 1024 bytes of memory For a file that is too large to fit into 1024 bytes the signal generator allocates additional memory in multiples of 1024 bytes For example the signal generator allocates
370. short must be a 16 bit quantity Also NOTE For 46sa or more samples must be an int64 double cal cRmsWaveformSegment const signed short ig data unsigned sampl es Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 287 288 Crea Prog Wave ting and Downloading Waveform Files ramming Examples a double cannot hold the full number accurately for very long f or ms This type can handle up to but not including 8Gsa uint64 sum of squares accum 0 int ival int qval c nsigned mag squared double rmsDac unsigned i for iz0 i samples i ival int ig data i 2 qval int ig data i 241 mag squared unsigned ival ival unsigned qval qval sum of squares accum mag squared the rms in DAC counts 0 32768 rmsDac sqrt double sum of squares accum double samples convert to normalized form 0 1 414 return rmsDac 2 0 double DAC MAX MATLAB Programming Examples This section contains the following programming examples Creating and Storing I Q Data on page 288 Creating and Downloading a Pulse on page 293 11 Downloading a Waveform Markers and Setting the Waveform Header on page 295 11 Playing Downloaded Waveforms on page 303 Creating and Storing I Q Data Ont he documentation CD this programming example s name is offset_iq_ml m This CH MATLAB programming
371. sicUx txt The following program shows you how to download waveforms using HP Basic for UNIX The code is similar to that shown for HP BASIC for Windows but there is a formatting difference in line 130 and line 140 To download into non volatile memory replace line 190 with 190 OUTPUT PSG USING K MMEM DATA NVWFM testfile As discussed at the beginning of this section and Q waveform data is interleaved into one file in 2 s compliment form and a marker file is associated with this I Q waveform file Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples In the Output commands USING k formats the data The pound symbol Suppresses the automatic EOL End of Line output This allows multiple output commands to be concatenated as if they were a single output The K instructs HP BASIC to output the following numbers or strings in the default format 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 240 241 250 260 270 280 RE SAVE UNIX file Num points 200 ALLOCATE INTEGER Int array 1 Num poi nts 2 DEG FOR 21 TO Num poi nts 2 STEP 2 Int array I zl NT 32767 SI N 1 360 Num poi nts J NEXT FOR 2 TO Num poi nts 2 STEP 2 nt array 1 zl NT 32767 C0S 1 360 Num poi nts J NEXT PRINT Data generated Nbytes ASSI GN ASSI GN 4 Num poi nts PSG TO 719 FORMAT ON PSGb TO 719 FORMAT OFF Nbyte
372. single timeslot or frame When there are not enough bits to completely fill successive timeslots or frames the signal generator truncates the data at the bit location where there is not enough bits remaining and repeats the data pattern This results in a data pattern discontinuity For example a frame structure that uses 348 data bits requires a minimum file size of 44 bytes 352 bits but uses only 43 5 bytes 348 bits In this situation the signal generator truncates the data from bit 3 to bit O bits in the last byte Remember that the signal generator views the data from MSB to LSB For this example to have an even number of bytes and enough bits to fill the data fields the file needs 87 bytes 696 bits This is enough data to fill two frames while maintaining the integrity of the data pattern as illustrated in the following figure Framed Data Uneven Number of Bytes some data truncated Ctrl Frame 1 Frame 2 348 data bits Ctrl Ctrl 348 data bits Ctrl 352 bits 44 bytes 110100110110 01101111 LSB Frame 1 data repeated x Frame 1 data Truncated data bits 0 3 MSB not enough bits remaining to fill the next frame Even Number of Bytes all bits used Frame 1 Frame 2 Ctrl 348 data bits Ctrl Ctrl 348 data bits Ctrl 696 bits 87 bytes 011101100110110101110100110110 01101111 Data fills both frames 348 bits per frame with no truncated bits For information on ed
373. strates the use of query commands Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples The signal generator can be queried for conditions and instrument states These commands are of the type I DN where the question mark indicates a query SEX RRR RRR o o E E RR E E GO E EG EG RARER RR RRR RRR KR RAR RAK E E IG RRR ERR KK RAK KKK include stdafx h include lt iostream gt include windows h include Decl 32 h using namespace std int GPIBO 0 Board handle Addr4882 t Address 31 Declare a variable of type Addr 4882 t int mai n int sig Declares variable to hold interface descriptor int num char rdVal 100 Declares variable to read instrument responses sig ibdev 0 19 0 13 1 0 Open and initialize a device descriptor ibloc sig Places the signal generator in local mode ibclr sig Sends Selected Device Clear SDC message ibwrt sig RST 4 Places signal generator in a defined state ibwrt sig FREQuency CW 14 Querys the CW frequency ibrd sig rdVal 100 Reads in the response into rdVal Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 85 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples rdVal ibcntl 0 Il Null character indicating end of array cout lt lt Source CW frequency is rdVal Print f
374. surement results FETCh LIST Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 57 Figure 2 8 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Illustration of a List Sweep Measurement Between an MXA and an MXG using Peer to Peer Messages 58 Peer to peer messages Peer to peer messages Instrument Events MXA Operation Complete WaitingForTrigger _ L 3 E H tu gg Ith T s 3 I L i l L l a ED ls 3 E lg l lg H II I la al Is zl I3 zl IZ S 7 E or a gt a gF 2 3 3 3 i ia oT sc gl s 2l g eee Ft uod cu 2 22 s 2 gl l sl I2 sl lg s 43 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 M Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN For More Information For more information on using LXI see the Keysight website dedicated to LXI instrumentation www keysight com find lxi Keysight LXI Application Notes Using LXI to go beyond GPIB PXI and VXI AN 1465 20 10 Good Reasons to Switch to LXI AN 1465 21 Transitioning from GPIB to LXI AN 1465 22 How to Use VXI and PXI in Your New LXI Test System AN 1465 23 Using Synthetic Instruments in Your Test System AN 1465 24 Migrating system software from GPIB to LAN LXI AN 1465 25 Modifying a GPIB System to Include LAN LXI AN 1465 26 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 59 Using USB CAUTION NOTE NOTE 60
375. t ftp 000 000 00 000 lt C gt Copyrights 1985 1996 Microsoft Corp C gt ftp 000 000 00 000 connected to 000 000 00 000 220 Agilent Technologies E8254A SN USO0000004 220 Firmware Mar 28 2001 11 23 18 220 Hostname 000lp1 220 IP 000 000 00 000 220 FTP server lt Version 1 0 gt ready User lt 000 000 00 000 lt none gt gt 331 Password required 230 Successful login 200 Port command successful 150 Opening data connection 226 Transfer complete 35 bytes received in 0 00 seconds lt 35000 00 Kbytes sec gt ce917a The following steps outline a sample FTP session from the MS DOS Command Prompt 1 2 On the PC click Start gt Programs gt Command Prompt At the command prompt enter ftp lt IP address gt or lt hostname gt At the user name prompt press enter At the password prompt press enter You are now in the signal generator s user directory Typing help at the command prompt will show you the FTP commands that are available on your system Type quit or bye to end your FTP session Type exit to end the command prompt session Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 45 NOTE 46 Using IO Interfaces Using LAN Using LXI Class B Features N51xxA MXG Signal Generators Only Full LXI Class B feature implementation is only available on N51xxA MXG signal generators A license may be required to enable this feature and to download the requir
376. t LSB When you create your user file data it is important that you organize the data in this manner Within groups strings of bits a bit s value significance is determined by its location in the string The following shows an example of this order using two bytes Most Significant Bit MSB This bit has the highest value greatest weight and is located at the far left of the bit string Least Significant Bit LSB This bit has the lowest value bit position zero and is located at the far right of the bit string Bit Position 15141312 111098 765 43 21 0 Data 101 101 1 11 110100 1 A MSB LSB Bit File Type Data The bit file is the preferred file type and the easiest to use When you download a bit file you designate how many bits in the file the signal generator can modulate onto the signal During the file download the signal generator adds a 10 byte file header that contains the information on the number of bits the signal generator is to use Although you download the data in bytes when the signal generator uses the data it recognizes only the bits of interest that you designate in the SCPI command and ignores the remaining bits This provides greater flexibility in designing a data pattern without the concern of using an even number of bytes as is needed with the binary file data format The following figure illustrates this concept The example in the figure shows the bit data SCP command formatted to download three
377. t int data for i20 i 2 points i buf pChar pChar pChar 41 pChar 1 buf pChart 2 I Normalize De Interleave the IQ data double I wavel n POINTS double Qwavel n POI NTS 262 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples for iz0 i lt points i lwaveln i waveform 2 i 32767 0 Qwaveln i waveform 2 i l 32767 0 return 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 263 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Creating and Storing I Q Data Little Endian Order On the documentation CD this programming example s name is CreateStore_Data_c txt This C programming example compiled using Metrowerks CodeWarrior 3 0 performs the following functions error checking data creation byte swapping and interleaving for little endian order data binary data file storing to a PC or workstation After creating the binary file you can use FTP one of the download utilities or one of the C download programming examples to download the file to the signal generator include lt iostream gt include lt fstream gt include math h gt include lt stdlib h gt using namespace std int main void ofstream out stream write the 1 Q data to a file const unsigned int SAMPLES 200 number of sample pairs in the
378. t divide by zero scale 32767 maxV iqWave round scale iqWave Calcurate waveform RMS rms sqrt mean abs iqWave 2 32767 account for pulse duty cycle pw sum abs iqWave 0 dutyCycle pw length iqWave rms rms dutyCycle Interlace the amp Q vectors data real iqWave imag iqWave data data end function mkr FormatMarkers markers The markers are placed in the 4 LSBs of a byte in this order M4 M3 M2 MI c d size markers if cod markers markers c d size markers end mkr markers 1 0 if cl mkr mkr 2 markers 2 0 end if c 2 mkr mkr 4 markers 3 0 300 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples end it 23 mkr mkr 8 markers 4 0 end end function hdrCmd CreateHeaderCommand file name rms header S0URce RADI o 1 2 3 4 ARB HEADer WRI Te filename description sample rate scaling marker polarity alc hold alt power pulse mod atten mod filter output fil ter peak power rms This function doesn t do any range checking hdr sampleRate 100e6 hdr rms rms hdr peak 1 414 hdr runti meScaling 70 In percent hdr pulse None hdr alcHold None hdr description Keysight Technologies if isempty header if isstruct header
379. t visa h gt include StdAfx h include lt iostream gt include coni o h gt void main ViSession defaultRM vi Declares variables of type ViSession for instrument communication ViStatus viStatus 0 Declares a variable of type ViStatus for GPIB verifications long IngDone 0 Operation complete flag vi Status vi OpenDefaul t RM amp def aul t RM Initialize VISA session Open session to gpib device at address 19 viStatus vi Open defaultRM GPIB 19 INSTR VI NULL VI NULL amp vi if viStatus If problems then prompt user printf Could not open ViSession n printf Check instruments and connections n printf ya exit 0 primtf Vn ys viClear vi Clears the signa generator viPrintf vi CLS n Resets the status byte register Print user information printf Programming example using the SAV RCL SCP commands n printf used to save and recall an instrument s state n 104 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples printf n viPrintf vi RST n Resets the signa generator viPrintf vi FREQ 5 MHz n l Sets sig gen frequency viPrintf vi POW ALC OFF n Turns ALC Off viPrintf vi POW AMPL 3 2 dBm n Sets power for 3 2 dBm viPrintf vi OUTP STAT ON n Turns RF output On viPrintf vi OPC n Checks for operatio
380. ta 0 1 This is the data bit It is unspecified when burst bit 2 is set to 0 1 Reserved 0 Always 0 2 Burst 0 1 1 RF on 0 RF off For non bursted non TDMA systems to have a continuous signal set this bit to 1 for all bytes For framed data set this bit to 1 for on timeslots and 0 for off timeslots 3 Reserved 0 Always 0 4 Reserved 1 Always 1 5 Reserved 0 Always 0 6 EVENT1 0 1 To have the signal generator output a single pulse at the EVENT 1 connector set this bit to Output 1 Use this output for functions such as a triggering external hardware to indicate when the data pattern begins and restarts or creating a data synchronous pulse train by toggling this bit in alternate bytes 7 Pattern Reset 0 1 0 continue to next sequential memory address 1 end of memory and restart memory playback This bit is set to 0 for all bytes except the last byte of PRAM To restart the pattern set the last byte of PRAM to 1 390 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Data Transfer Troubleshooting User FIR Filter Coefficient File Download Problems Table 6 17 User FIR File Download Trouble Symptoms and Causes Symptom Possible Cause There is not enough memory available for the FIR coefficient file being downloaded ERROR 321 Out of memory To solve the problem either reduce the file size of the FIR file or delete unnecessary files from memory
381. ta in parallel mode which means processing the data symbol by symbol versus bit by bit serial This capability exists in only the Custom format when using a continuous data stream This means that it does not apply to a downloaded PRAM file type covered later in this chapter In parallel mode for a 256QAM modulation scheme Custom has the capability to reach a data rate of up to 400 Mbps The FIR filter width is what determines the data rate The following table shows the maximum data rate for each modulation type Because the signal generator s maximum symbol rate is 50 Msps a modulation scheme that has only 1 bit per symbol is always processed in serial mode Modulation Type Bit Rate Range for Internal Data bit rate symbol rate x bits per symbol 16 Symbol Wide FIR 32 Symbol Wide FIR 64 Symbol Wide FIR Filter Filter Filter BPSK 2FSK MSK lbps 50Mbps lbps 25 Mbps lbps 12 5Mbps 348 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Modulation Type Bit Rate Range for Internal Data bit rate symbol rate x bits per symbol C4FM OQPSK 4FSK IS95 OQPSK QPSK PA4DQPSK 1595 QPSK GRAYQPSK 4QAM 2bps 100Mbps 2bps 50M bps 2bps 25Mbps D8PSK EDGE 8FSK 8PSK 3bps 150Mbps 3bps 75Mbps 3bps 37 5Mbps 16FSK 16PSK 16QAM Abps 200Mbps Abps 10
382. ted Plot of In Phase Signal 8000 The following additional Matlab M file pulse programming examples are also available on the Documentation CD ROM for your signal generator NOTE For the Keysight X Series and MXG the SOURce FREQuency 20000000000 value must be changed as required in the following programs For more information on frequency limits refer to the Data Sheet barker m This programming example calculates and downloads an arbitrary waveform file that simulates a simple 7 bit barker RADAR signal to the vector signal generator chirp m This programming example calculates and downloads an arbitrary waveform file that simulates a simple compressed pulse RADAR signal using linear FM chirp to the vector signal generator FM m This programming example calculates and downloads an arbitrary waveform file that simulates a single tone FM signal with a rate of 6 KHz deviation of z 14 3 KHz Bessel null of dev rate 2 404 to the vector signal generator 294 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples nchirp m This programming example calculates and downloads an arbitrary waveform file that simulates a simple compressed pulse RADAR signal using non linear FM chirp to the vector signal generator pulse m This programming example calculates and downloads an arbitrary waveform file that simulates a simple pulse
383. ter downloading see Modifying User File Data on page 345 334 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads Binary File Type Data With the Binary file type the signal generator sees all of the bytes within the downloaded file and attempts to use all of the data bits When using this file type the biggest challenge is creating the data so that the signal generator uses all of the bits bytes contained within the file This is referred to as using an even number of bytes The method of creating the user file data pattern depends on whether you are using unframed or framed data The following two sections illustrate the complexities of using the binary file format You can eliminate these complexities by using the bit file format see Bit File Type Data on page 332 Unframed Binary Data When creating unframed data you must think in terms of bits per symbol so that your data pattern begins and ends on the symbol boundary with an even number of bytes For example to use 16QAM modulation the user file needs to contain 32 bytes enough data to fill 16 states 4 times end on a symbol boundary create 64 symbols the signal generator requires a minimum of 60 symbols for unframed data To do the same with 32QAM requires a user file with 40 bytes When you do not use an even number of bytes the signal generator
384. ter list are put parameter list into a listen active state although no indication is generated by the signal generator The parameter list describes the interface or device descriptor SICL The Keysight SICL function puts an instrument identified by iremote id the id parameter into remote mode and disables the front panel keys Pressing the Local key on the signal generator front panel restores manual operation The parameter id is the session identifier Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 71 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples Local Lockout Function The HP Basic function LOCAL LOCKOUT and the other listed IO library functions disable the front panel keys including the Local key With the Local key disabled only the controller or a hard reset of line power can restore local control Library Function Statement Initialization Command HP Basic The LOCAL LOCKOUT function disables all front panel signal generator keys Return to local control can occur only by cycling power on the instrument when the LOCAL command is sent or if the Preset key is pressed 10 LOCAL LOCKOUT 7X9 VISA Library NI 488 2 The VISA library at this time does not have a similar command The LOCAL LOCKOUT function disables all front panel signal generator keys Return to local control can occur only by cycling power on the instrument when the LOCAL command
385. terface you want to use for sending commands to the signal generator 3 Click the Formatted I O tab 4 Select SCPI in the Instr Lang section You can enter SCPI commands in the text box and send the command using the viPrintf button VISA Configuration Manual Perform the following steps to use IO Config and VISA to manually configure an interface 1 Run the IO Config Program 2 Click on GPIB in the Available Interface Types text box 3 Click the Configure button Set the Default Protocol to AUTO and then click OK to use the default settings Click on GPIBO in the Configured Interfaces text box Click Edit Click the Edit VISA Config button Click the Add device button Enter the GPIB address of the signal generator Click the OK button in this form and all other forms to exit the IO Config program O c N OO Ui RA Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 9 Getting Started with Remote Operation IO Libraries and Programming Languages Selecting IO Libraries for GPIB The IO libraries are included with the GPIB interface card and can be downloaded from the National Instruments website or the Keysight website See also IO Libraries and Programming Languages on page 4 for information on IO libraries The following is a discussion on these libraries CAUTION Because of the potential for portability problems running Keysight SICL without the VISA overlay is not recomme
386. the oPc command Request Control This bit is always set to 0 The signal generator does not request control Query Error A 1 in this bit position indicates that a query error has occurred Query errors have instrument error numbers from 499 to 400 Device Dependent Error A 1 in this bit position indicates that a device dependent error has occurred Device dependent errors have instrument error numbers from 399 to 300 and 1 to 32767 Keysight EXG and M XG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 185 186 Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Bit Description 4 Execution Error A 1 in this bit position indicates that an execution error has occurred Execution errors have instrument error numbers from 299 to 200 5 Command Error A 1 in this bit position indicates that a command error has occurred Command errors have instrument error numbers from 199 to 100 6 User Request Key Local A 1 in this bit position indicates that the Local key has been pressed This is true even if the signal generator is in local lockout mode 1 Power On A 1 in this bit position indicates that the signal generator has been turned off and then on Query ESR Response The decimal sum of the bits set to 1 Example The decimal value 136 is returned The decimal sum 128 bit 7 8 bit 3 Standard Event Status Enable Register The Standard Event Status Enable
387. the following example numsamples 500 waveform points numsamples x 4 2000 four bytes per point bytesToSend 2 2000 numsamples x 4 For information on setting the number of waveform points see 1 Create and Q data on page 238 10 Create a string large enough to hold the bytesToSend value as characters In this code string s is set to 20 bytes 20 characters one character equals one byte 11 Create a string and set its length cmd 200 to hold the SCPI command syntax and parameters In this code we define the string length as 200 bytes 200 characters 12 Store the value of bytesToSend in string s For example if bytesToSend 22000 s 2000 sprintf is a standard function in C which writes string data to a string variable 13 Store the SCPI command syntax and parameters in the string cmd The SCPI command prepares the signal generator to accept the data strlen is a standard function in C which returns length of a string If bytesToSend 2000 then s 2 2000 strlen s 24 so cmd MEM DATA WFM1 FILE1 42000 14 Send the SCP command stored in the string cmd to the signal generator which is represented by the session id iwrite is a SICL function in Keysight IO library which writes the data block data specified in the string cmd to the signal generator id The third argument of iwrite strlen cmd informs the signal generator of the number of bytes in the command string The signal ge
388. the framing bits 388 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Creating and Downloading User Data Files Data Transfer Troubleshooting Requirement for Continuous User File Data Transmission Integer Number of Timeslots Requirement for Multiple Timeslots If a user file fills the data fields of more than one timeslot in a continuously repeating framed transmission the user file is restarted after the last timeslot containing completely filled data fields For example if the user file contains enough data to fill the data fields of 3 5 timeslots the firmware loads 3 timeslots with data and restart the user file after the third timeslot The last 0 5 timeslot worth of data is never modulated To solve this problem add or subtract bits from the user file until it completely fills an integer number of timeslots Multiple of 8 Bits Requirement For downloads to bit and binary memory user file data must be downloaded in multiples of 8 bits bytes since SCPI specifies data in bytes Therefore if the original data pattern s length is not a multiple of 8 you need to add bits to complete the ASCII character replicate the data pattern to generate a continuously repeating pattern with no discontinuity truncate the excess bits The multiple of 8 bits data length requirement is in addition to the requirement of completely filling the data field of an integer number of timeslots
389. the status registers shown Status Byte Register fo 1 2 3 4 s e 7 Service Request Enable Register Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Byte Group Status Byte Register Bit Description 0 1 Unused These bits are always set to 0 2 Error Event Queue Summary Bit A 1 in this bit position indicates that the SCPI error queue is not empty The SCPI error queue contains at least one error message 3 Data Questionable Status Summary Bit A 1 in this bit position indicates that the Data Questionable summary bit has been set The Data Questionable Event Register can then be read to determine the specific condition that caused this bit to be set 4 Message Available A 1 in this bit position indicates that the signal generator has data ready in the output queue There are no lower status groups that provide input to this bit 5 Standard Event Status Summary Bit A 1 in this bit position indicates that the Standard Event summary bit has been set The Standard Event Status Register can then be read to determine the specific event that caused this bit to be set 6 Request Service RQS Summary Bit A 1 in this bit position indicates that the signal generator has at least one reason to require service This bit is also called the Master Summary Status bit MSS The individual bits in the Status Byte are individually ANDed with their corres
390. then stored in an array named iq data The AMPLITUDE scaling allows for full range 1 Q modulator DAC values Data must be in 2 s complemant MSB LSB big endian format If your PC uses LSBJMSB format then the integer bytes must be swapped This program converts the i nteger array values to hex data types and then swaps the byte positions before saving the data to the IQ DataVB file L KKK KKK RK KK KKK KKK KR KK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK KKK GG CE GGG GGG GC KKK KKK EG XX x x x Private Sub Create lQData Dim index As Integer im AMPLITUDE As Integer im pi As Double imloByte As Byte im hi Byte As Byte D D D D Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 305 306 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples m loHex As String m hi Hex As String m strSrc As String numPoints As Integer m FileHandle As Integer m data As Byte mig data As Byte m strFilename As String strFilename C 1Q_DataVB Const SAMPLES 200 Number of sample PAIRS of and Q integers for the waveform AMPLITUDE 32767 Scale the amplitude for full range of the signal generators 1 Q modulator DAC pi 3 141592 Dimint Q Data 0 To 2 SAMPLES 1 Array for and Q integers 400 ReDim ig data 0 To 4 SAMPLES 1 Need MSB and LSB bytes for each integer value 800 Create an integer array of 1 Q pairs For index 0 To SAMPLES 1 ntl Q Data 2 ind
391. they accept unsigned data created for the E443xB and convert it to the proper DAC values To download an E443xB files to an X Series or MXG signal generator use the same command syntax as for the E443xB models For more information on downloading E443xB files see Downloading E443xB Signal Generator Files on page 255 Scaling DAC Values The signal generator uses an interpolation algorithm sampling between the I Q data points when reconstructing the waveform For common waveforms this interpolation can cause overshoot which may exceed the limits of the signal process path s internal number representation causing arithmatic overload This will be reported as a data path overload error Because of the interpolation the error condition can occur even when all the and Q values are within the DAC input range To avoid the DAC over range problem you must scale reduce the and Q input values so that any overshoot remains within the DAC range Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Understanding Waveform Data NOTE Whenever you interchange files between signal generator models ensure that all scaling is adequate for that signal generator s waveform Interpolation gt Interpolation 32767 Scaling effect er Max input value DAC over range No over range 32768 There is no single scaling value that is optimal for all wavef
392. tion 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Pattern 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 213 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 212 ER NEED o RR p 209 I ego Ee ror Bs 0 208 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 149 Fee of Wail Ee rode 63d 145 de eoe s ree ed ope P 144 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 85 0 1 10 1 0 1 0 0 84 Oo eK P20 s Ee pa Led 81 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 80 00 0 10 1 0 1 21 B A Oe ets IEEE D UD 20 0 09 0 0 00 03 17 0 10 0 1 010 0 0 16 Viewing the PRAM Waveform After the waveform data is written to PRAM the data pattern can be viewed using an oscilloscope There is approximately a 12 symbol delay between a state change in the burst bit and the corresponding effect at the RF out This delay varies with symbol rate and filter settings and requires compensation to advance the burst bit in the downloaded PRAM file 352 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads PRAM File Size Because volatile memory resides on the baseband generator BBG the maximum PRAM file size depends on the installed baseband generator option After downloading the signal generator translates each downloaded data bit into a 32 bit word 1 downloaded data bit 7 downloaded control bits as shown in Table on page 351 24 bits added by the signal generator To properly size a PRAM file you must determine the file size after the 32 bit translation process The signal
393. tion summary SELFtest Unused Unused BERT summary Unused Unused Always Zero 0 1i l Data QUEStionable Condition Register 15 14 13 12 11109 87 6854 32 1 O0 x Data QUEStionable Positive 15 14 13 12 11 109 87 65 4 32 1 0 Transition Filt E YY X V 3 3 433 3 3 3 33 15 14 13 12 31 1090 87 65 432 1 0 Y Y Y v Y viv vt t v v S Data QUEStionable Negative Transition Filter Data QUEStionable Event Register Data QUEStionable t en Enable Register To Status Byte Register Bit 3 Data Questionable Condition Register The Data Questionable Condition Register continuously monitors the hardware and firmware status of the signal generator Condition registers are read only 190 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Table 4 4 Data Questionable Condition Register Bits Bit Description 0 2 Unused These bits are always set to 0 3 Power summary This is a summary bit taken from the QUEStionable POWer register A 1 in this bit position indicates that one of the following may have happened The ALC Automatic Leveling Control is unable to maintain a leveled RF output power i e ALC is UNLEVELED the reverse power protection circuit has been tripped See the Data Questionable Power Status Group on page 193 for more informatio
394. tion CLEAR and the other listed IO library functions clear the signal generator Library Function Statement Initial ization Command HP Basic The CLEAR 719 function halts all pending 10 CLEAR 719 output parameter operations resets the parser interpreter of programming codes and prepares for a new programming code stops any sweep in progress and turns off continuous sweep VISA Library The VISA library uses the viClear function This function viClear ViSession performs an IEEE 488 1 clear of the signal generator vi NI 488 2 The NI 488 2 library function sends the GPIB Selected Device ibclr int ud Clear SDC message to the device described by ua SICL The Keysight SICL function clears a device or interface The iclear id function also discards data in both the read and write formatted IO buffers The id parameter identifies the session Output Function The HP Basic IO function OUTPUT and the other listed IO library functions put the signal generator into a listen mode and prepare it to receive ASCII data typically SCPI commands Library Function Statement Initial ization Command HP Basic The function OUTPUT 719 puts the signal generator into 10 OUTPUT 719 remote mode makes it a listener and prepares it to receive data VISA Library The VISA library uses the above function and associated viPrintf parameter list to output data This function formats according parameter list
395. tions n n printf Enter number of frequency and amplitude pairs int num 0 scanf d amp num if num gt 0 int lenArray num 2 length of the pairsList array This array Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 385 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User Flatness Correction Downloads Using C and VISA will hold the frequency and amplitude arrays char pairsList new char lenArray pointer array for int n 0 n lenArray n t initialize the pairsList array II pairsList n 0 for int i 0 i lt num i char nextFreq new char MAX STRING LENGTH 1 frequency array char nextPower new char MAX STRING LENGTH 1 amplitude array enter frequency and amplitude pairs i e 10ghz 1db printf Enter Freq d i41 scanf s nextFreq printf Enter Power 9d i 41 scanf s nextPower pairslist 2 i nextFreq frequency pairsList 2 i l nextPower power correction unsigned char str 256 buffer used to hold SCPI command llinitialize the signal generator s user flatness table sprintf char str corr flat pres n write to buffer viWrite vi str strlen char str 0 write to PSG char c comma separator for SCPI command for int jz0 j lt num j download pairs to the PSG Sprintf char str corr flat pair 9s c Wsin palrsList 2 j C pairsList 2 j 41 lt lt on SAME line viW
396. to the SCPI Command Reference Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads If you are remotely FTPing files and need to verify the completion of the FTP process then query the instrument by using SCPI commands such as MEM DATA MEM CAT STB FREQ IDN OUTP STAT Refer to the SCPI Command Reference There are three ways to FTP a file use the Microsoft Internet Explorer FTP feature use the signal generator s internal web server use the PC or UNIX command window Using Microsoft s Internet Explorer 1 Enter the signal generator s hostname or IP address as part of the FTP URL ftp host name or IP address gt 2 Press Enter on the keyboard or Go from the Internet Explorer window The signal generator files appear in the Internet Explorer window 3 Drag and drop files between the PC and the Internet Explorer window Using the Signal Generator s Internal Web Server l Enter the signal generator s hostname or IP address in the URL http host name or IP address gt 2 Click the Signal Generator FTP Access button located on the left side of the window The signal generator files appear in the web browser s window 3 Drag and drop files between the PC and the browser s window For more information on the web server feature refer to the Programming Guide Using the Command
397. to the format string and sends data to the device The parameter list describes the session id and data to send NI 488 2 The NI 488 2 library function addresses the GPIB and writes ibwrt parameter data to the signal generator The parameter list includes the list instrument address session id and the data to send SICL The Keysight SICL function converts data using the format iprintf parameter string The format string specifies how the argument is list converted before it is output The function sends the Characters in the format string directly to the instrument The parameter list includes the instrument address data buffer to write and so forth Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 73 74 Programming Examples GPIB Programming Interface Examples Enter Function The HP Basic function ENTER reads formatted data from the signal generator Other IO libraries use similar functions to read data from the signal generator Library Function Statement Initial ization Command HP Basic The function ENTER 719 puts the signal generator into 10 ENTER 719 remote mode makes it a talker and assigns data or status information to a designated variable VISA Library The VISA library uses the viScanf function and an associated viScanf parameter parameter list to receive data This function receives datafrom list the instrument formats it using the format string and stores the data in t
398. tors Programming Guide 317 318 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples 220 OUTPUT Esg USING K Ndigits 230 OUTPUT QEsg USING K Nbytes 240 OUTPUT QEsgb Quf m data 250 OUTPUT QEsg END 260 ASSIGN Esg TO 210 ASSIGN Esgb TO 280 PRINT 290 PRINT END 300 END Program Comments 10 Program file name 20 Sets the number of points in the waveform 30 Defines arrays for and Q waveform points Sets them to be integer arrays 40 Sets HP BASIC to use degrees for cosine and sine functions 50 Sets up loop to calculate waveform points 60 Calculates waveform points 70 Calculates Q waveform points 80 End of loop 160 and 210 The and Q waveform files have the same name 90 to 300 See the table on page 313 for program comments Creating and Downloading E443xB Waveform Data Using HP Basic for UNIX On the documentation CD this programming example s name is e443xb hpbasicU 2 txt The following program shows you how to download waveforms using HP BASIC for UNIX It is similar to the previous program example The difference is the way the formatting for the most significant bit MSB on lines is handled First the waveform data is put into an array of integers called Iwfm_data and the Q waveform data is put into an array of integers called Qw m data The variable Nbytes is set to equal the number of bytes in the waveform
399. trument instSock POW AMPL n charBuf INPUT BUF SIZE printf Power Level s n char Buf printf n ifdef WINSOCK closesocket inst Sock close winsock else close instSock endif WINSOCK return 0 FEX RRR GO EGO E EG RR RRR RRR EG EGO E EG RK RRR RRR EG EGO EGO E E GO EGG EG E EG RAK KKK Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 149 Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples getopt 3C getopt 3C PROGRAM FILE NAME getopt c getopt get option letter from argument vector SYNOPSIS int getopt int argc char const argv const char optstring extern char optarg extern int optind opterr optopt PRORGAM DESCRI PTI ON getopt returns the next option letter in argv starting from argv 1 that matches a letter in optstring optstring is a string of recognized option letters if a letter is followed by a colon the option is expected to have an argument that may or may not be separated from it by white space optarg is set to point to the start of the option argument on return from getopt getopt places in optind the argv index of the next argument to be processed The external variable optind is initialized to 1 before the first call to the function getopt When all options have been processed i e up to the first non option argument getopt returns EOF The special option can be used to delimit the end of
400. trumentState uint device Get the memory catalog for the state directory WriteDevice device MEM CAT STAT n false string catalog ReadDevice device Match the catalog listing for state files which are named sequence register e g 0 01 1 01 2 05 J Match m Regex Match catalog d_ d d while m Success l Grab the matched filename from the regular expresssion string nextFile m Groups 1 ToString Retrieve the file and store with a STA extension Il in the current directory Console Writeline Retrieving state file nextFile WriteDevice device MEM DATA USER STATE nextFile Me RR true ReadFileBlock device nextFile STA Clear newline ReadDevice device 376 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files Advance to next match in catalog string m m Next Match This method writes an ASCII text string SCPI command to the signal generator lf the bool sendEnd is true the END line character will be sent at the conclusion of the write If sendEnd is false the END line will not be sent static public void WriteDevice uint device string scpi Cmd bool sendEnd byte buf Encoding ASCII Get Bytes scpi Cmd if sendEnd Do not send the END line character Visalnterop SetAttribute device VisaAttribute SendEndE
401. ts and bytes 208 byte order byte swapping 210 changing byte order 210 interleaving I Q data 240 C C AC coupled FM signals generating externally applied 93 CW signals generating 90 data questionable status register reading 106 Index FM signals generating internally applied 95 reading the service request interrupt 112 Sockets LAN programming 122 states saving and recalling 103 C and VISA GPIB queries 87 GPIB interface check 77 C C 11 Cs programming examples 66 remote control 11 VISA example 370 CH programming examples 65 258 VISA generating a step swept signal 98 C4 and VISA generating a step swept signal 98 cable USB 62 carrier activating FIR filters 367 modulating FIR filters 367 Checking Available Memory 329 Clear command 73 function 73 CLS command 180 command CLS 180 format programming user file data 339 format user file downloading 338 prompt 34 152 window PC using 347 window UNIX using 347 commands downloads binary file 343 downloads bit file 342 GPIB 70 71 72 73 74 Keysight mxg menu path 19 computer interface 3 computer to instrument communication VISA configuration automatic 8 VISA configuration manual 8 condition registers description 184 Configuration IO Libraries 7 configuring VXI 11 38 connection wizard 4 controller 26 27 creating waveform data CH using 238 saving to a text file for review 240 creating waveform files overview 205 crossover cable private LAN
402. ts to fill a frame or timeslot or multiple frames or timeslots to end on the desired boundary To accomplish this you may have to remove or add bytes If there are not enough bits remaining in the file to fill a frame or timeslot the signal generator truncates the data causing a discontinuity in the data pattern You download a user file to either the Bit or Binary memory catalog directory Unlike a PRAM file Covered later in this chapter user file data does not contain control bits it is just data The signal generator adds control bits to the user file data when it generates the signal There are two ways that the signal generator uses the data either in a continuous data pattern unframed or within framed boundaries Real time Custom uses only unframed data For unframed data transmission the signal generator requires a minimum of 60 symbols For more information see Determining Memory Usage for Custom User File Data on page 337 You create the user file to either fill a single timeslot frame or multiple timeslots frames To create multiple timeslots frames simply size the file with enough data to fill the number of desired timeslots frames Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 331 Creating and Downloading User Data Files User File Data Bit Binary Downloads User File Bit Order LSB and MSB The signal generator views the data from the most significant bit MSB to the least significant bi
403. ttings For more information refer to the help software of the IO libraries being used Sockets LAN is a method used to communicate with the signal generator over the LAN interface using the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP A socket is a fundamental technology used for computer networking and allows applications to communicate using standard mechanisms built into network hardware and operating systems The method accesses a port on the signal generator from which bidirectional communication with a network computer can be established Sockets LAN can be described as an internet address that combines Internet Protocol IP with a device port number and represents a single connection between two pieces of software The socket can be accessed using code libraries packaged with the computer operating system Two common versions of socket libraries are the Berkeley Sockets Library for UNIX systems and Winsock for Microsoft operating systems Your signal generator implements a sockets Applications Programming Interface API that is compatible with Berkeley socket for UNIX systems and Winsock for Microsoft systems The signal generator is also compatible with other standard sockets APIs The signal generator can be controlled using SCPI commands that are output to a socket connection established in your program Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 39 NOTE NOTE 40 Using IO Interfaces Usi
404. tudio Toolkit 206 254 simulation software 244 Sockets example 122 126 J ava 67 152 LAN 39 117 122 Matlab 158 PERL 155 166 UNIX 123 Windows 124 software Index layers remote programming 2 libraries IO 4 SRE commands 180 SRQ command 178 SRQ method status registers 178 standard event status enable register 186 group 185 register 185 standard operation condition register 188 event enable register 189 event register 189 transition filters 188 state files 369 states saving and recalling using VISA and C 103 status byte group 182 mxg overall register system 174 175 status groups data questionable BERT 202 calibration 199 frequency 196 overview 190 power 193 registers 184 standard event 185 status byte 182 status registers See also registers accessing information 177 bit values 176 hierarchy 172 in status groups 184 monitoring 177 mxg overall system 174 175 programming 171 SCPI commands 180 SCPI model 172 setting and querying 180 system overview 172 using 176 STB command 180 storage internal non volatile memory Keysight mxg 325 system requirements 64 T talker 26 27 TCP IP 12 TCPIP 6 8 117 TDMA user file data memory usage 337 Telnet example 44 PC 41 UNIX 42 44 using 40 Windows 2000 41 399 Windows XP 41 timeslots integer number of multiple timeslots requirement 389 Toolkit Signal Studio 206 254 transition filters data questionable BERT 203 negative and positive 192 p
405. ty 3 tone 20 MHz Bandwidth 3 tone 20 MHz Bandwidth Measured distortion 35 dBc Measured distortion 86 dBc Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 221 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Waveform Memory Waveform Memory The signal generator provides two types of memory volatile and non volatile You can download files to either memory type NOTE 222 The X Series and MXG s ARB Waveform File Cache is limited to 128 files Consequently once the 128 file cache limit has been reached the waveform switching speed will be much slower for files loaded into the volatile waveform memory BBG Volatile Table 5 1 Non volatile Random access memory that does not survive cycling of the signal generator power This memory is commonly referred to as waveform memory WFM1 or waveform playback memory To play back waveforms they must reside in volatile memory The following file types share this memory Signal Generators and Volatile Memory Types Volatile Memory Type Model of Signal Generator N5172B N5182A with N5182B withan an installed installed BBG BBG option option Q X X Marker X X File header X X User PRAM Storage memory where files survive cycling the signal generator power Files remain until overwritten or deleted To play back waveforms after cycling the signal generator power you must load waveforms from non volat
406. ty Compare your ping response to those described in LAN Ping Responses on page 34 For additional information on troubleshooting your LAN connection refer to If You Have Problems on page 34 and to the Help in the Keysight IO Libraries and documentation for LAN connections and problems From a UNIX workstation type ping hostname or IP address 64 10 where hostname or IP address gt is your instrument s name or IP address 64 is the packet size and 10 is the number of packets transmitted Type man ping at the UNIX prompt for details on the ping command From the MS DOS Command Prompt or Windows environment type ping n 10 hostname or IP address gt where hostname or IP address is your instrument s name or IP address and 10 is the number of echo requests Type ping at the command prompt for details on the ping command In DHCP mode if the DHCP server uses dynamic DNS to link the hostname with the assigned IP address the hostname may be used in place of the IP address Otherwise the hostname is not usable and you must use the IP address to communicate with the signal generator over the LAN If You Have Problems If you are experiencing problems with the LAN connection on the signal generator verify the rear panel LAN connector green LED is on For additional information on troubleshooting your LAN connection refer to the Help in the Keysight IO Libraries and documentation for LAN connections and problems
407. ue 01101110 101100112 28339 decimal value The maximum value for two unsigned bytes is 65535 Since binary strings lengthen as the value increases it is common to show binary values using hexadecimal hex values base 16 which are shorter The value 65535 in hex is FFFF Hexadecimal consists of the values 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E and F In decimal hex values range from 0 to 15 F It takes 4 bits to represent a single hex value 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 8 1000 9 1001 A 1010 B 1011 C 21100 D 1101 E 1110 F 1111 For and Q data the signal generator uses two bytes to represent an integer value Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Understanding Waveform Data LSB and MSB Bit Order Within groups strings of bits we designate the order of the bits by identifying which bit has the highest value and which has the lowest value by its location in the bit string The following is an example of this order Most Significant Bit MSB This bit has the highest value greatest weight and is located at the far left of the bit string Least Significant Bit LSB This bit has the lowest value bit position zero and is located at the far right of the bit string Bit Position 15 14 1312 1110 9 8 7 654321 0 Data 101 101 11 11101001 MSB LSB Because we are using 2 bytes of data the LSB appears in the second byte
408. uide For additional SCPI command information refer to the SCPI Command Reference Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Using IO Interfaces Using LAN DHCP LAN Configuration If the DHCP server uses dynamic DNS to link the hostname with the assigned IP address the hostname may be used in place of the IP address Otherwise the hostname is not usable AUTO DHCP Auto IP Configuration DHCP and Auto IP are used together to make automatic AUTO mode for IP configuration Automatic mode attempts DHCP first and then if that fails Auto IP is used to detect a private network If neither is found Manual is the final choice If the DHCP server uses dynamic DNS to link the hostname with the assigned IP address the hostname may be used in place of the IP address Otherwise the hostname is not usable Auto IP provides automatic TCP IP set up for instruments on any manually configured networks DHCP Auto IP LAN Configuration Sequence AUTO DHCP Auto IP Request a new IP address in the following sequence 1 from the DHCP server based LAN 2 Auto IP private network without a network administrator or if neither is available 3 Manual setting is selected DHCP MXG A models only Request a new IP address from the DHCP server each power cycle Confirming this action configures the signal generator as a DHCP client In DHCP mode the signal generator will request a new IP address from the DHCP server u
409. uide 197 198 Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Frequency Event Enable Register Lets you choose which bits in the Data Questionable Frequency Event Register set the summary bit bit 5 of the Data Questionable Condition Register to 1 Command STATus QUESt ionable FREQuency ENABle value where value is the sum of the decimal values of the bits you want to enable Example Enable bit 5 and bit 2 so that w henever either of those bits are set to 1 the Data Questionable Frequency summary bit of the Data Questionable Condition Register is set to 1 Send the command STAT QUES FREQ ENAB 36 32 4 Query STATus QUEStionable FREQuency ENABle Response Decimal value of the sum of the bits previously enabled with the STATus QUEStionable Keysight EXG a FREQuency ENABle value command nd MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Calibration Status Group NOTE Some of the bits in this status group do not apply to all models and return zero when queried See Table 4 7 on page 200 for more information The Data Questionable Calibration Status Group is used to determine the specific event that set bit 8 in the Data Questionable Condition Register This group consists of the Data Questionable Calibration Condition Register the Data Questionable Calibration Transition Filters negative
410. ull character indicating end of array cout lt lt Source ID is rdVal Prints the source ID cout lt lt Press any key to continue lt lt endl cin ignore 10000 n ibwrt sig SYST COMM GPIB ADDR 20 Querys source address ibrd sig rdVal 100 Reads the source address rdVal ibcntl 10 I Null character indicates end of array Prints the signal generator address cout Source GPIB address is rdVal cout endl cout lt lt Press the Local key to return the signal generator to LOCAL control endl cout endl return 0 Queries for GPIB Using VISA and C This example uses VISA library functions to query different instrument states and conditions Launch Microsoft Visual C 6 0 add the required files and enter the following code into your cpp source file visaex3 cpp performs the following functions verifies the GPIB connections and interface are functional resets the signal generator queries the instrument CW frequency power level frequency mode and RF state reads responses into the rdBuffer CW frequency power level and frequency mode turns signal generator RF state off verifies RF state off The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaex3 cpp ROCCO GR RRR EERE RRR EERE KARE EEK PROGRAM FILE NAME visaex3 cpp PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This example demonstrates
411. us registers shown Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Reverse Power Protection Tripped Unleveled IQ Mod Overdrive Unused ALC Heater Detector Cold Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Always Zero 0 Data QUEStionable FOWor 15 14 13 1211109876543210 Condition Register Data QUEStionable POW Positive Transition Filter Data QUEStionable POWer Negative Transition Filter Data QUEStionable POWer Event Register 15 14 13 122 01 109 876 54 32 10 15 14 13 12 11 109 87 654 32 10 Data QUEStionable POWer Event Enable Register To Data Questionable Status Register Bit 3 193 Table 4 5 Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Data Questionable Power Condition Register The Data Questionable Power Condition Register continuously monitors the hardware and firmware status of the signal generator Condition registers are read only Data Questionable Power Condition Register Bits Bit Description Reverse Power Protection Tripped A 1 in this bit position indicates that the reverse power protection RPP circuit has been tripped There is no output in this state Any conditions that may have caused the problem should be corrected Reset the RPP circuit by sending the remote SCPI command OUTput PROTection CLEar Resetting the RPP circuit bit resets this bit to 0
412. us registers MEASuring shown Waiting for TRIGger Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Always Zero 0 Conddonnegieu 15 14 13 12 1100987 65432 10 en x kee E E 3 ex 1 Positive 15 14 13 12 131 10 987 654 32 10 Transition Filter TF Z Standard Operation Negative 15 14 13 12 31 100 987 658 4 32 1 O0 Transition Filter Standard Operation Event Register C T 1 lt os oe Standard Operation ftT rir Event Enable Register To Status Byte Register Bit 7 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 187 Programming the Status Register System Status Groups Standard Operation Condition Register The Standard Operation Condition Register continuously monitors the hardware and firmware status of the signal generator Condition registers are read only Table 4 3 Standard Operation Condition Register Bits Bit Description Qa I Q Calibrating A 1 in this position indicates an I Q calibration is in process 1 Settling A 1 in this bit position indicates that the signal generator is settling 2 Unused This bit position is always set to 0 3 Sweeping A 1 in this bit position indicates that a sweep is in progress 4 Measuring A 1 in this bit position indicates that a bit error rate test is in progress 5 Waiting for Trigger A 1 in this bit position indicates that the source is in a wait for trigger state 6 14 Unused These bits are always set
413. using the VISA libraries and the VXI 11 protocol NOTE You must have the Keysight Libraries installed on your computer to run this program i PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This example uses the VXI 11 protocol and VISA to query the signal generator for its ID string The ID string is then printed to the I screen Next the signal generator is set for a 5 dBm power level and then queried for the power level The power level is printed to the screen IMPORTANT Set up the LAN Client using the 10 Config utility ll Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Programming Examples LAN Programming Interface Examples ERROR OR REESE EER EEE REESE RERE DS ERE EE EERE RE EER ERE REE LEE AE RT nclude lt visa h gt nclude lt stdio h gt nclude StdAfx h nclude lt stdlib h gt nclude coni o h define MAX COUNT 200 int main voi d ViStatus status Declares a type ViStatus variable ViSession defaultRM instr Declares a type ViSession variable Vi Ulnt32 retCount Return count for string 1 0 ViChar buffer MAX COUNT Buffer for string 1 0 status vi OpenDefaultRM amp def aul t RM Initialize the system Open communication with Serial Port 2 status viOpen defaul tRM TPCIPO 19 1 NSTR VI NULL VI NULL amp instr if status If problems then prompt user printf Could not open ViSession n printf Check instrume
414. ut queue when no output is either present or pending or data in the output queue has been lost Device Specific Errors 399 to 300 201 to 703 and 800 to 810 indicate that a device operation did not properly complete possibly due to an abnormal hardware or firmware condition These codes are also used for self test response errors Errors in this class set the device specific error bit bit 3 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 The error message string for a positive error is not defined by SCPI A positive error indicates that the instrument detected an error within the GPIB system within the instrument s firmware or hardware during the transfer of block data or during calibration Execution Errors 299 to 200 indicate that an error has been detected by the instrument s execution control block Errors in this class set the execution error bit bit 4 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 In this case Either a PROGRAM DATA element following a header was evaluated by the device as outside of its legal input range or is otherwise inconsistent with the device s capabilities or a valid program message could not be properly executed due to some device condition Execution errors are reported after rounding and expression evaluation operations are completed Rounding a numeric data element for example is not reported as an execution error Command Errors
415. veform file name Extracting a PRAM File When you extract a PRAM file you are extracting the translated 32 bit word per byte file You cannot extract just the downloaded data Extracting a PRAM file is similar to extracting a waveform file in that you use the same commands and the PRAM file resides in either volatile memory waveform memory or the waveform directory for non volatile memory After extraction 360 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading User Data Files Pattern RAM PRAM Data Downloads you can download the file to the same signal generator or to another signal generator with the proper option configuration that supports the downloaded file There are two ways to download a file after extraction with the ability to extract later with no extraction capability CAUTION Ensure that you do not use the MEMory DATA PRAM FILE BLOCk command to download an extracted file If you use this command the signal generator will treat the file as a new PRAM file and translate the LSB of each byte into a 32 bit word corrupting the file data Command Syntax This section lists the commands for extracting PRAM files and downloading extracted PRAM files To download an extracted file you must use block data For information on block data see SCPI Command for a Block Data Download on page 355 In addition there are three ways to format the
416. vi Close def aul t RM Generating a Swept Signal Using VISA and Visual C This example sets up the signal generator for a frequency sweep from 1 to 2 GHz with 101 points and a 01 second dwell period for each point A loop is used to generator 5 sweep operations The signal generator triggers each sweep with the INIT command There is a wait introduced in the loop to allow the signal generator to complete all operations such as set up and retrace before the next sweep is generated visaex11 cpp performs the following functions sets up the signal generator for a 1 to 2 GHz frequency sweep sets up the signal generator to have a dwell time of 01 seconds and 101 points in the sweep Sleep function is used to allow the instrument to complete its sweep operation The following program example is available on the signal generator Documentation CD ROM as visaex11 cpp Pe PETE ee N E ee me ea Ea ea ee ee Loe USO Ce ee een ene eae DIN UN PROGRAM FILE NAME visaexll cpp PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This programsets up the signal generator to sweep from 1 2 GHz A loop and counter are used to generate 5 sweeps Each sweep consists of 101 points with a 01 second dwell at each point HI The program uses a Sleep function to allow the signal generator to I complete it s sweep operation before the INIT command is sent The Sleep function is available with the windows h header file which is included
417. waveform const short AMPLITUDE 32000 amplitude between 0 and full scale dac value const double two_pi 6 2831853 l allocate buffer for waveform short igData new short 2 SAMPLES need two bytes for each i nteger if ligData cout lt lt Could not allocate data buffer lt lt endl return 1 264 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples out stream open IQ data create a data file if out stream fail cout lt lt Input file opening failed lt lt endl exit 1 Ti generate the sample data for and Q The channel will have a sine wave and the Q channel will a cosine wave for int i20 i SAMPLES i iqData 2 i AMPLITUDE sin two pi i float SAMPLES iqData 2 i 1 AMPLITUDE cos two pi i float SAMPLES make sure bytes are in the order MSB most significant byte first PC only char cptr char iqData cast the integer values to characters for int i 0 i 4 SAMPLES i 2 4 SAMPLES char temp cptr i swap LSB and MSB bytes cptr i scptr i 1 cptr i tl temp now write the buffer to a file out stream write char iqData 4 SAMPLES return 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 265 266 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples Creating and Downloading
418. with the signal generator sends the IEEE SCPI command idn and if the connection fails displays an error message Code Open a Connection Session io agt newconnection tcpip IP address 10 agt newconnection gpib primary address secondary address status status description query result agt query io idn if status 1 display fail to connect to the signal generator end Line Code Description Open a Connection Session with the Signal Generator Sets up a structure indicated above by io used by subsequent function calls to establish a LAN connection to the signal generator agt newconnection is the function of Keysight Waveform Download Assistant used in MATLAB to build a connection to the signal generator f you are using GPIB to connect to the signal generator provide the board primary address and secondary address io agt newconnection gpib 0 19 Change the GPIB address based on your instrument setting Send a query to the signal generator to verify the connection agt query is an Keysight Waveform Download Assistant function that sends a query to the signal generator Ilfsignal generator receives the query idn status returns zero and query result returns the signal generator s model number serial number and firmware version 3 5 If the query fails display a message Line oo 2 Download the Q data The followi
419. work is installed 2 Change the TCPIPO address in the program from TCPIPO 000 000 000 000 to your signal generator s address 3 Save the file using the cs file name extension 4 Run the Command Prompt program Start Run cmd exe Change the directory for the command prompt to the location where the NET Framework was installed 5 Type csc exe State Files cs at the command prompt and then press the Enter key on the keyboard to run the program The following figure shows the command prompt interface Command Prompt 3 P Microsoft Windows 2666 Version 5 00 2195 lt C Copyright 1985 2606 Microsoft Corp C WINNT Microsoft NET Framework vi 1 4322 gt csc exe State Files cs The State_Files cs program is listed below You can copy this program from the examples directory on the signal generator s Documentation CD ROM The State_Files cs example uses the ESG in the programming code but can be used with MXG or X Series signal generators Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 371 372 Creating and Downloading User Data Files Save and Recall Instrument State Files f FERRER EREELERS REALE LER EEE EERE ERE REDS REESE EERE SERIE EEE REE LEE AE RT FileName State Files cs This C example code saves and recalls signal generator instrument states The saved I instrument state files are written to the local computer directory computer where the State Files exe i
420. write id cmd strlen cmd 0 0 l Send part 4 Be careful to use the correct command here In many l programming languages there are two methods to send SCPI commands Method 1 stop at the first 0 in the data l Method 2 send a fixed number of bytes ignoring 0 in the data You must find and use the correct command for Method 2 iwrite id ibuffer bytesToSend 0 0 Send a terminating carriage return iwrite id Vn 1 1 0 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 285 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples identical to the section above except for the Q data sprintf cmd MEM DATA ARBQ FILE1 d d strlen s bytesToSend iwrite id cmd strlen cmd 0 0 iwrite id qbuffer bytesToSend 0 0 iwrite id n 1 1 0 printf Loaded FILEI using the E443xB format n The E4438C E8267C and E8267D have a newer faster format which allows 16 bits to be used However this format is not accepted in the E443xB Therefore do not use this next section for the E443xB printf Note Loading FILE2 on a E443xB will cause ERROR 208 1 0 error n I identical to the and Q sections above except Se l a The and Q data are interleaved S b The buffer of 1 Q is twice as long as the buffer was I c The SCPI command uses WFMI instead of ARBI and ARBQ bytesToSend numsampl es 4
421. x 8192 shift and scale int qscaled 2 8 qdata index 8192 shift and scale igbuffer index 4 iscaled gt gt 8 amp OxFF high byte of igbuffer index 4 1 iscaled amp OxFF low byte of i igbuffer index 442 qscaled gt gt 8 amp OxFF high byte of iqbuffer index 4 3 qscaled amp OxFF low byte of q Open a connection to write to the instrument INST idzi open instOpenString if lid fprintf stderr iopen failed s n instOpenString return 1 Declare variables which will be used later int bytesToSend Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples char s 20 char cmd 200 The E4438C E8267C and E8267D accept the E443xB format l so we can use this next section on any of these signal generators However the E443xB format only uses 14 bits bytesToSend numsampl es 2 I calculate the number of bytes sprintf s d bytesToSend create a string s with that number of bytes The SCPI command has four parts I Part 1 MEM DATA filename I Part 2 length of Part 3 when written to a string I Part 3 length of the data in bytes This is in s from above rm Part 4 the buffer of data Build parts 1 2 and 3 for the data sprintf cmd MEM DATA ARBI FILE1 d d strlen s bytesToSend Send parts 1 2 and 3 i
422. xceed the DAC range To solve the problem scale or reduce the DAC input values For more information see DAC Input Values on page 211 This error can also occur if an encrypted file SECUREWAVE is being downloaded to the signal generator from a PC or USB Media with a different suffix i e not SECUREWAVE To solve the problem use the Use as or Copy File to Instrument softkey menus to download the encrypted file to the instrument For more information see Encrypted I Q Files and the Securewave Directory on page 229 ERROR 629 File format invalid The signal generator requires a minimum of 60 samples to build a waveform and the same number of and Q data points ERROR 321 Out of memory There is not enough space in the ARB memory for the waveform file being downloaded To solve the problem either reduce the file size of the waveform file or delete unnecessary files from ARB memory Refer to Waveform Memory on page 222 No RF Output The marker RF blanking function may be active To check for and turn RF blanking off refer to Configuring the Pulse RF Blank on page 322 This problem occurs when the file header contains unspecified settings and a previously played waveform used the marker RF blanking function For more information on the marker functions see the User s Guide Undesired output signal Check for the following The data was downloaded in little endian ord
423. y which is ignored The following shows how to calculate the two s complement using 16 bits The process is the same for both positive and negative values Convert the decimal value to binary 23710 01011100 10011110 Notice that 15 bits 0 14 determine the value and bit 16 MSB indicates a positive value Invert the bits 1 becomes 0 and 0 becomes 1 10100011 01100001 Add one to the inverted bits Adding one makes it a two s complement of the original binary value 10100011 01100001 00000000 00000001 10100011 01100010 The MSB of the resultant is one indicating a negative value 23710 Test the results by summing the binary positive and negative values when correct they produce zero 01011100 10011110 10100011 01100010 00000000 00000000 and Q Interleaving When you create the waveform data the and Q data points typically reside in separate arrays or files The signal generator requires a single Q file for waveform data playback The process of interleaving creates a single array with alternating and Q data points with the Q data following the data This array is then downloaded to the signal generator as a binary file The interleaved file comprises the waveform data points where each set of data points one data point and one Q data point represents one I Q waveform point 214 Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Understanding W
424. y file importing earlier E443xB or current model signal generators byte swapping and interleaving for little endian order data data interleaving for big endian order data data scaling binary file download for earlier E443xB data or current signal generator formatted data This C program is an example of loading and Q data into an E443xB E4438C E8267C or E8267D signal generator t reads the and Q data from a binary data file and then writes the data to the instrument Include the standard headers for SICL programmi ng amp include sicl h amp include lt stdlib h gt amp include lt stdio h gt include lt string h gt fi Choose a GPIB LAN or RS 232 connection char instOpenString gpib0 19 Pick some maximum number of samples based on the amount of memory in your computer and your waveforms const int MAXSAMPLES 50000 int main int argc char argv Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 279 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Programming Examples These are the and Q input files I Some compilers will allow in the directory names Older compilers might need in the directory names It depends on your operating system and compiler char ifile c SignalGenerator data BurstAll bin char gfile c SignalGenerator data BurstAlQ bin This is a text file to which we will write the
425. ytes bits 0 7 of the data with the high bytes of the data done for both Keysight EXG and MXG X Series Signal Generators Programming Guide 241 242 Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Creating Waveform Data Line Code Description Interleaving and Byte Swapping for Little Endian Order 21 29 the and Q data and interleave the and Q data Shift the data pointer right 8 bits to the beginning of the high byte ivalue gt gt 8 Little Endian Order 7 6543 21 0 15 14 13 12 1110 9 8 Bit Position 11101001 101101 1 1 Data h Hex values E9 B7 Data pointer Data pointer shifted 8 bits AND boolean the high byte with OxFF to make the high byte the value to store in the IQ array ivalue gt gt 8 amp OxFF 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 101 101 1 1 Hex value B7 1 111 1 11 1 Hex value FF 101 101 1 1 Hex value B7 AND boolean the low I byte with OxFF ivalue amp OxFF to make the low byte the value to store in the I Q array location just after the high byte index 4 1 I Data in I Q Array after Byte Swap Big Endian Order 15 14 13 12 1110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 0 Bit Position 101101 11 11101001 Data Hex value B7 E9 Swap the Q byte order within the same loop Notice that the and Q data interleave with each loop cycle This is due to the I Q array shifting by one location for each and Q operation index 4 n Interleaved I Q Array in Big Endian Order eee e

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