Section 12: Rotary Axes - Flint Machine Tools, Inc.
Contents
1. If the program moves the Y axis Y 5 then the unwrapping move would be YO G91 If the program moves the Y axis Y 5 then the unwrapping move would be Y 5 Section 12 Rotary Axes 279 Fadal 280 EXAMPLE User Manual Canceling Cam Wrapping Directly after the unwrapping move cancel the flat cam programming function by coding a G17 on a line by itself N1 O1 FLAT CAM PROGRAM EXAMPLE N2 M6 T1 N3 TOOL 1 1 2 2 FL E M USE 5 IN THE TOOL TABLE N4 GO G90 S2000 M3 X0 YO AO N4 5 G51 1 YO It is important to mirror the Y axis 40 N5 H1 D1 M8 Z 1 s50 N6 G17 Q1 4324 This line starts Flat cam conversion see Q word N7 X1 125 Y 2 125 A N8 G1 Z 27 F25 Rs N9 G1 G42 X2 125 To maintain a climb cut on a mirrored path use G42 Figured 2 12 N10 Y 25 N11 X1 875 YO I 25 G3 N12 X 25 N13 XO Y 25 J 25 G3 N14 Y 4 5 N15 X 322 Y 5 2437 11 02 G3 N16 X 625 Y 5 9437 I 657 J 7 G2 N17 Y 6 5 N18 X2 125 1 75 G3 N19 Y 3 3575 N20 X1 125 G40 N21 2 1 GO N22 YO Return to original Y position unwrapping move N22 5 G50 1 Turn off mirror N23 G17 This line cancels the Flat cam conversion N24 M5 M9 N25 G90 GO HO ZO H 21265 R 75 FULL RADIUS Figure 12 13 Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal Cam Wall Angles April 2003 User Manual Note Rapid movements GO or G5 are reduced in speed during the flat cam conversion 400 Q word amount new rapid rate 400 1 43242. 279 25 IPM Mid Program Start Mid program starts may not be executed after the G17 Q word which is used to start the cam wrapping feature The mid program start feature can be used on any line before the G17 Q word and after the G17 that is used to cancel cam wrapping Writing a Cam Wrapping Program When writing a program to be wrapped mirror the Y axis with a G51 1 YO at the beginning of the program just before the G17 Q and exchange all G41 codes to G42 See the program example above A axis machining can produce two different cam wall angles The cam walls may intersect or they may be parallel These wall angles are determined by the programming methods used The wall configuration required is established by the part blueprint Note Flat cam conversions will produce walls that intersect see picture below Figure 12 14 Section 12 Rotary Axes 281 Fadal User Manual Review the print to determine whether the walls on the print intersect or are parallel Place a straight edge on a wall on the print to help determine if the walls intersect Ni Figure 12 15 Note If the walls are parallel DO NOT use flat cam cam wrapping conversions see picture above Figure 12 16 Parallel walls are normally associated with slots or grooves These parallel walls can be maintained by using a cutter that is the same diameter as the width of the slot When the slot is wider than the cutter Y axis movements mus
3. A a START POINT ENDPOINT 500 Y G91 pad START POINT LA ae a Z 691 z i soo 4 f f i 400 AAXIS ve ROTATION AMOUNT eee AAXIS PART R 10 CENTER BEFORE ROTATION 4 PL PART AFTER f l 5 ROTATION Figure 12 8 ie 3 A axis description a Incrementally the A axis rotation is given as the angle between the end point at the beginning of the move and the end point at the end of the move See picture below b In absolute terms this would be given as the absolute angle of the part at the end of rotation Figure 12 9 4 G2 or G3 description a The arc direction coding is based on viewing the part looking in the X direction A clockwise arc uses a G2 code and a counterclockwise arc uses a G3 April 2003 Section 12 Rotary Axes 275 Fadal 276 EXAMPLE EXAMPLE User Manual N1 G15 RECTANGLE N2 X0 IS END OF PART YO IS CENTER ZO IS TOP OF 1 5 DIA PART N3 G90 GO X 3 Y 1 5 E1 AO S5000 M3 N4 H1 Z 55 M8 N5 G91 G8 G1 Y1 9F10 N6 G15 N7 Y 7 Z 1 J 4 K 5 A 90 G3 N8 G90 Y 6 N9 G91 Y 7 Z 1 J 5 K 4 A 90 G3 N10 G90 Y 8 N11 G91 Y 7 2 1 J 4 K 3 A 90 G3 N12 G90 Y 6 N13 G91 Y 7 Z 1 J 35 K 4 A 90 G3 N14 M5 M9 N15 G90 GO HO Z0 N16 EO XO YO AO N17 M2 N1 G15 CRANKSHAFT N2 X0 IS END OF PART YO IS THE CENTER ZO IS THE TOP OF 1 5 DIA N3 TOOL IS A 5 DIA CENTER CUTTING 2FL EM N4 G90 GO S5000 M3 E1 X 45 YO AO N5 H1 Z 1 M8 N6 Z 05
4. 1250 180 1 4000 2500 120 1 6000 5750 90 1 8000 5000 72 1 10000 6250 The G94 code is used more commonly than the G93 G93 was used by controls that did not interpolate XA or YA moves The advantage of using G94 the default code is to allow the programmer to switch between ipm and dpm with no code cancellation Except for code cancellation G94 and G93 effectively cut the A axis interpolated move in the same way Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal User Manual The following example is programmed for a part with a diameter of 4 0 The desired cut is 90 degrees interpolated with an X axis move of 3 0 see line N6 of the example program below The feed rate used for calculation was 25 ipm Actual move distance Sart Dia of surface to be cut 3 14159 360 Degrees of rotation 2 X2 EXAMPLE Actual move distance Sart 4 3 14159 360 90 2 3 02 Sart 12 56636 4 2 9 Sart 3 14159 2 9 Sqrt 9 8696 9 Sqrt 18 8696 4 5439 G93 Feed Rate 1 Actual Move Distance Desired Feed Rate EXAMPLE fFeedrate 1 4 3439 25 1 173576 5 755 EXAMPLE G93 N1 M6 T1 N2 TOOL 1 1 2 END MILL N3 GO G90 S5000 M3 E1 XO YO AO N4 H1 M8 Z 1 N5 G1 Z0 F25 N6 G93 X3 A90 F5 76 N7 G94 N8 X1 N9 G93 X2 A30 F11 07 N10 G94 N11 G90 GO HO ZO All moves in this example from N6 to N9 are equivalent to a feed rate of 25 ipm linear interpolation April 2003 Section 12 R
5. G1 F10 N7 G15 N8 G91 N9 YO ZO JO K 45 A 360 G3 N10 G90 N11 2 1 G0 N12 X1 15 A180 N13 Z 05 G1 N14 G91 N15 YO ZO JO K 45 A 360 G3 N16 G90 GO Z 1 N17 M5 M9 N18 G90 GO HO Z0 N19 E0 XO YO AO N20 M2 Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal User Manual Flat Cam Cam Flat cam programming is used when an XY program needs to be wrapped Wrapping around the circumference of the part This function is designed to convert Y Programming axis motion into A axis motion XA conversion is used when the A axis is the rotary table YB conversion is used when the B axis is the rotary table Figure 12 10 Flat Cam The conversion from Y to A axis moves is defined in the program by using a G17 and Q word in the same line The Q word represents a number used by the control for converting the Y or X axis moves to A or B axis moves Wrapping X on B Axis Y axis wrapping is assumed Use G17 Q word P1 on the same line in the program for YB wrapping All information for Y to A wrapping applies to X to B wrapping Cam Diameter The cam diameter to be used is usually given on the blueprint If it is not given use the outside diameter of the part for the cam diameter Y axis moves when wrapped are measured along the circumference of the cam diameter Note The angular move for one inch of Y axis motion for CAM DIA 1 is less than the angular motion for one inch of CAM DIA 2 see the picture above April 2003 Section 12
6. 0 0 rotates the B axis 45 degrees at 50 degrees per minute Use the following chart to find the maximum programmable feed rate for selected device See the degree feed rate calculation information in this section for details A amp B Fixtures A amp B Fixtures offsets are relative from the EO or SETA SETB position This Offsets fixture offset value in the fixture table is an absolute value relative to zero Within the program the direction of motion is specified by positive or negative For Rotary table see figure 1 for Tilt see figure 2 286 Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003
7. 80 Programming a G91 G1 X2 A1080 will cause an interpolated move where the X axis moves 2 and the A axis moves 1080 degrees When a fixed cycle is used A axis motion will cause execution of the cycle April 2003 Section 12 Rotary Axes 269 Fadal 270 EXAMPLE N1 M6 T1 N2 TOOL 1 DRILL N3 GO G90 S10000 M3 E1 X0 YO A30 N4 H1 D1 M7 Z1 N5 G81 G99 RO 1 Z 5 F40 X 5 N6 X2 5 N7 A90 N8 X 5 N9 A150 N10 X2 5 N11 A210 N12 X 5 N13 A270 N14 X2 5 N15 A330 N16X 5 N17 G80 N18 M5 M9 N19 GO G90 HO ZO User Manual 308 P 608 TYP 50 2 0 Figure 12 4 The A axis can be interpolated along with any other axis For example an X and A axis move can be programmed on one line using the G1 code The X and A axis moves will both end at the same time Note A G2 or G3 will not accept an A axis move in the same line See Flat Cam Programming Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal User Manual EXAMPLE N18 M6 T3 N19 TOOL 3 3 8 375 2FL EM N20 GO G90 S8000 M3 E1 X3 5 YO AO N21 H3 D3 M7 Z 1 N22 G1 Z 27 F10 N23 G91 F50 308 N24 X1 N25 X 1 A 30 1 N26 X 1 A30 N27 A90 N28 X2 608 N29 A 90 N30 X1 N31 Z 1 GO N32 M5 M9 pe 1 00 1 00 2 00 Figure 12 5 Degree Feedrate The actual move distance must be calculated before the feed rate can be Calculation determined This distance may be estima
8. Fadal A Axis Direction of Motion G90 Absolute Mode April 2003 User Manual Section 12 Rotary Axes Direction of motion is defined as per ANSI EIA RS 274 D Since the VMC rotates the work piece the rotary head must rotate clockwise to achieve a counterclockwise tool motion and visa versa The positive sign is assumed The Negative symbol must precede the angular amount A 90 is correct A90 is incorrect A Counterclockwise work piece rotation viewing in the X direction A Clockwise work piece rotation viewing in the X direction END POINT G91 A 908 START POINT G91 A 2708 Figure 12 1 Direction of Motion In the absolute mode G90 the A word value defines the final position between O and 360 The or signs define the direction of rotation The sign causes counterclockwise work piece rotation the sign causes clockwise rotation to the indicated degree There are two possible ways to get to a position on the rotary table in absolute by rotating either from the positive or negative direction Section 12 Rotary Axes 265 Fadal User Manual EXAMPLE 1 G90 In absolute terms A 90 and A 90 will position to the same location however from different directions An A 90 will rotate the work piece in the positive CCW direction to the absolute 90 degree location An A 90 will move the table in the negative CW direction to the absolute 90 degree location N1 GO G90 A90 000 N2 A 0 B
9. Rotary Axes 277 Fadal 278 User Manual A Axis Ratio Each rotary table has an axis ratio Not all manufactures keep the same ratio This number is affected by the gear ratio of the axis The manual for each rotary head contains the A axis ratio number to use for calculating the Q word 1 ALONG THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF DIAMETER 1 CAM DIA 1 A AXIS MOTION B AXIS MOTION CAM DIA 2 1 ALONG THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF DIAMETER 2 Figure 12 11 A Axis Ratio Q Word A axis ratio 90 to 1 cam diameter 4 pi 3 14159 Inches Q A axis ratio 5 pi cam diameter in inches 5 counts constant Q 90 5 4 3 14159 Q 90 20 3 14159 Q 90 62 8318 Q 1 4324 Metric Q A axis ratio 5 25 4 pi cam diameter in millimeters Unwrapping Prior to canceling the G17 Q word code the Y axis must be unwrapped so that the A axis can return to its original position 1 The position of the Y axis when the G17 Q word is coded establishes the original position of the A axis Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal April 2003 User Manual 2 Returning the Y axis to its original position should return the A axis to its original position The A axis position read out on the screen must be the same position that it started from to be fully unwrapped The Q word can be altered to attain this 3 An absolute or incremental Y axis move can be used to return the Y axis to its place of origin G90
10. ce rotation viewing in the X direction A Clockwise work piece rotation viewing in X direction Tilt Cold Start The tilt table axis markers must be aligned before using the CS command Tilt Home Position Jog the tilt table to the desired degree for home position Then use the SETB or SETA command whichever applies to establish the tilt home position This position is stored in memory and when the next CS command is used the tilt table will return to this location Section 12 Rotary Axes 283 Fadal User Manual Axis Limits The tilt limits are as follows 1 B tilt table e 105 degrees from the cold start position e 15 degrees from the cold start position 2 Atilt table e 105 degrees from the cold start position e 15 degrees from the cold start position A 105 B10 A 15 B 15 Z Z TEA eer Figure 12 17 Tilt Table Brake To activate the brake for the tilt table use the M62 code When the next tilt axis move is made the brake will automatically release M63 can be used to release the tilt table brake EXAMPLE N1 G90 GO M63 Y 2 3 X1 3 Brake off N2 B 315 M62 B tilt move then brake on 284 Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal G90 Absolute Mode EXAMPLE G91 Incremental Mode EXAMPLE April 2003 User Manual In the absolute mode the tilt angular value defines the final position between 15 and 265 degrees The or signs define the direction the table will move to get to the degree
11. lock N1 rotates the work piece counterclockwise to the 90th degree position Block N2 rotates the work piece clockwise to the zero degree position Changing N2 to a value of A 0 would cause counterclockwise rotation to the zero degree G91 Incremental In the incremental mode G91 the A axis value defines the direction and Mode number of degrees to rotate An A 90 causes the work piece to rotate counterclockwise 90 degrees If the next move were an A 90 the work piece would rotate clockwise to the original position EXAMPLE 1 G91 In incremental terms A 90 and A 270 will position to the same location however from different directions An A 90 will move the table in the positive CCW direction 90 degrees from its current position An A 270 will move the table in the negative CW direction 270 degrees from its current position N1 GO G91 A 90 N2 A 90 Block N1 rotates the work piece counterclockwise 90 degrees Block N2 will rotate the work piece clockwise 90 degrees A Axis Cold Start The A axis markers must be aligned during the cold start procedure The mark on the face plate and the mark on the body of the A axis must be in line before using the CS command A Axis Home Position The A axis can be set to zero at any angle by using the SETA command The SETA command will store the current A axis position into memory as the A axis home position When the CS command is used and the move to home question appears the A axis
12. n Relative tool motion would be clockwise Jogging the A axis in the negative direction causes the work Section 12 Rotary Axes 267 Fadal EXAMPLE EXAMPLE EXAMPLE Numerical Format 268 User Manual piece to rotate clockwise when viewing in the X direction Relative tool motion would be counterclockwise A Axis Brake Use the M60 code to activate the A axis brake The brake will remain activated until the M61 is coded or another A axis move is made either from the program or jog N1 G90 GO M61 Y 2 3 X1 3 Brake off N2 21 6754 A90 M60 Z and A axis move then brake on An M 60 is used with an A move when using fixed cycles so that the cycle will not execute until the brake is applied N10 G82 G99 RO 1 Z 25 F45 P1350 N11 A30 M 60 N12 A60 M 60 On line N11 and N12 the A axis moves into position the brake is applied then the cycle is executed Decimal Degrees A axis values are given in decimal degrees d Degrees m Minutes s Seconds DD Decimal degrees 40 30 13 40 50361 d m s DD DD d m s 60 60 No more than seven numbers are allowed AHH AHHH AHHH HHHH AH HHH HHH Note The decimal point is required for all angles except for AO Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal User Manual Maximum amp Minimum Angular Limits START POINT G90 A 908 END POINT G90 v N Figure 12 3 Max amp Min Smallest A 002 Largest A10
13. of tilt Care must be used in selecting the proper sign for tilt to prevent over travel 270 270 265 265 315 315 Figure 12 18 G90 Absolute Mode In absolute terms B 10 will tilt the B axis counterclockwise to the 10th degree In absolute terms B 270 will tilt the B axis clockwise to the 270th degree In absolute terms A 10 will tilt the A axis clockwise to the 10th degree In absolute terms A 270 will tilt the A axis counterclockwise to the 270th degree In the incremental mode G91 the tilt value defines the direction and number of degrees for the tilt table to move A B 10 causes the table to tilt positively CCW 10 degrees from its current position A B 10 causes the table to tilt negatively CW 10 degrees from its current position Figure 12 19 G91 Incremental Mode In incremental terms B 90 tilts the table 90 degrees counterclockwise from its current position Section 12 Rotary Axes 285 Fadal User Manual In incremental terms B 90 tilts the table 90 degrees clockwise from its current position In incremental terms A 90 tilts the table 90 degrees counterclockwise from its current position In incremental terms A 90 tilts the table 90 degrees clockwise from its current position Feed Rate Feed rate is addressed by use of the F word and a G01 code Tilt motion is programmed in degrees per minute For example G91 GO1 B 45 F5
14. otary Axes 273 Fadal User Manual G15 YZA Circular This code is used to interpolate Y Z arcs while making simultaneous A axis Interpolation movement This code is used when it is necessary to cut an arc with the bottom of the end mill G15 may also be used with a ball nose end mill START POINT BEFORE ROTATION END POINT AFTER ROTATION Figure 12 6 Note When the center of the arc to be cut is not the same as the center of rotation on the A axis G15 must be used to cut the radii see picture below The following diagram shows the information required to program G15 a Figure 12 7 The G15 arc requires four descriptors end point center description A axis rotation and the G2 or G3 code These four elements are determined as follows 1 End point description a Incrementally Y and Z axis moves are described as the direction and distance from the start point prior to A axis rotation to the end point after the A axis rotation b In absolute terms the Y and Z axis end positions are given as the abso lute locations after rotation 2 Center description a The J is the incremental Y direction and distance from the Y axis start point to the center of A axis rotation 274 Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal User Manual b The K is the incremental Z direction and distance from the center of the arc to be cut to the center of A axis rotation I 1 000 TOOL MOTION
15. position appears at the bottom of the screen along with the XYZ and B axis positions 266 Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal EXAMPLE Move to Home AN Jog Mode April 2003 User Manual 1 Jog the fixture or part until it is level 2 From the command mode type SETA then press ENTER 3 The A axis should now be set to zero The G28 code in format one and the HO command return the rotary head to the set point along with the X and Y axes In format two a G90 G28 XO YO AO needs to be coded so that the A axis will move home with the X and Y axes 1 If the current Z axis position is above the HOME position the X Y and A axis moves to zero first then the Z axis moves in the negative direction 2 If the current Z axis position is below the HOME position the Z axis moves in a positive direction to zero first then the X Y and A axis move to zero After the HO moves are computed the CNC enters the waiting state The operator can command the execution of the moves by pressing the START key or abort the moves by pressing the MANUAL key WARNING This move will always be in the direction that is the shortest distance back to AO 0 180 180 OR GREATER LESS THAN 180 FACEPLATE ROTATES FACEPLATE ROTATES CCW TO GET HOME CW TO GET HOME Figure 12 2 Move to Home Jogging the A axis in the positive direction causes the work piece to rotate counterclockwise when viewing in the X directio
16. t be made to maintain parallel walls Parts that have parallel walls such as slots or grooves are usually parallel because a follower pin must fit into the slot or groove 1 Start cutting the slot by programming the center of the groove and cut with an undersized cutter This cutter must be undersized enough to account for cutter deflection 2 Use the same programmed path to make a second cut with a full sized cutter 282 Section 12 Rotary Axes April 2003 Fadal Tilt Rotary Table Direction of Motion April 2003 User Manual Parts with parallel walls can be cut by using a cam system that provides this feature These systems allow for the Y axis to be offset to account for cutter radius compensation if required Direction of motion is defined as per ANSI EIA RS 274 D Some tilt rotary tables are set up with the B axis as the tilt portion and others with the A axis as the tilt portion All rotary table information for a tilt rotary table can be read in the A axis portion of this section Since the VMC tilts the work piece the tilt must be clockwise to achieve counterclockwise tool motion and visa versa Note The positive sign is assumed The negative symbol must precede the angular amount B 90 is correct B90 is incorrect B Tilt Table B Counterclockwise work piece rotation viewing in the Y direction B Clockwise work piece rotation viewing in Y direction A Tilt Table A Counterclockwise work pie
17. ted however for best results use the equation below The following example is programmed for a part with a diameter of 4 0 The desired cut is 90 degrees interpolated with an X axis move of 3 0 see line N6 of the example program below The feed rate used for calculation was 25 ipm Actual move distance Saqrt Dia of surface to be cut 3 14159 360 Degrees of rotation 2 X2 EXAMPLE Actual move distance Sart 4 3 14159 360 90 3 02 Sgrt 12 56636 4 9 Sgrt 3 14159 9 Sqrt 9 8696 9 Sqrt 18 8696 4 5459 G94 Feed Rate Degrees of Rotation Actual Move Distance Desired Feed Rate April 2003 Section 12 Rotary Axes 271 Fadal EXAMPLE EXAMPLE Feed Rate Specification in Degrees per Minute G93 1 T Inverse Time 272 User Manual Feed rate 90 4 5459 25 90 173756 517 97 G94 N1 M6T1 N2 TOOL 1 1 2 END MILL N3 GO G90 S5000 M3 E1 XO YO AO N4 H1 M8 Z 1 N5 G1 Z0 F25 N6 X5 A90 F517 97 N7 X1 25 Inches per Minute move N8 X5 A90 517 97 Degrees per Minute N9 G90 GO HO ZO Note The machine control default is G94 therefore it is not required to code the G94 into the program if degrees per minute is used Note An F word on a line with an A axis move only represents degrees per minute Table 1 Feed Rate Specification Axis Ratio Maximum Rapid Traverse Maxman Erogramiimanig Feed Rate 560 1 2000
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