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NARRALIZER USERS GUIDE

1. Name 2 Move the category 4 intelectual society which is PSS E criticism one of two content i Highlight E students knowledg categories from the ae orv E distance from studeni Content pane to the x 8 7 E school massage new location milieu pe home C sodety Ta Next stage Gz Teil l el hiel l e l all l l l il 4 When one of the e two content sub E categories is Subject matter characteristics moved the 3 values milieu category E universal changes toa E par ticularistic E society 2 2 knowlege 3 The category society has been moved to a new position content category 66 Note how the category home which appeared in the description of stage 1 has now been deleted and its contents moved to the category milieu see later If the researcher decides to keep the name home and replace milieu or to give milieu some other name the category can be renamed as explained earlier in this chapter 9 Making changes after examining the Category array in the Display pane As noted before as its name suggests the purpose of the Display pane is to display analysis results it is not for analysis The advantage of the Display pane is that it allows us to view the entire picture so that we can decide what we wish to change in the Analysis array Clearly we cannot change text in the Display pane itself althoug
2. ics Backup of Rachel is teachers conceptions is Backup of Sharon ics teachers conceptions 2 ee ae ate Recent Ah Backup of teachers approaches ics teachers conceptions B director y is Backup of teachers approachs dh techers content believes E is Backup of teachers believes oa Two teachers is Backup of teachers conceptions Desktop is Backup of teachers conceptions 2 F is Backup of teachers conceptions B ry Ht Backup of techers content believes Backup of Two teachers i aca ofa Rachel ofa Sharon 1 Type name FE r teachers approaches of new C teachers approachs F ofa teachers believes document ey My Network File name teachers aproaches Bf Places Save as type Naralizer Research Files nbr Cancel 78 4 The Save command creates the required document without data segments This document can be used as a Work Document for additional sub cases and can easily be merged later with documents of the same Categories array using the Merge command as described earlier in this chapter 79 CHAPTER 10 WORKING WITH SEVERAL ANALYSIS DOCUMENTS AT ONCE The user may work on several Analysis documents at the same time This is especially effective when moving segments from one document to another see below There are several ways to open multiple documents at the same time 1 By opening two or more Narralizer documents consecutively which the user may work on i
3. approaches Categories 1 Students attitudes shown on Display Pane 1 a enjoy 1 a 1 when teachers interested them 1 a 2 in elementary school 1 b sacred 1 c uninterested 4 2 students difficulties wt When the data is displayed on screen it can be printed see section C above F A standing order to display comments categories or text alone The changes you make to the Show text and Show comments functions in the Select sub cases box by deleting the tick as explained above are only applicable for one action If you wish to change the display again you must reselect your choice otherwise the full display showing text and comments with category and sub cases names will be shown You can also permanently deselect either Show comments or Show text or deselect them both This is done using the Show option command in the Action menu Resting the cursor on the Show option command will open a new screen in which Show comments and Show text are both marked with a Vv Deleting the VY from either of the two options or from both will provide a permanent display of your choice 47 Narralizer teachers approaches 1 File Edit View tena Window Help O Ge fel g Add Category H Students attitudes H students difficulties Show Sub Tree Clear Text View E when t i Dir inne Chiou om ary FA in elem Mc a Show comments FA sacred w Show text u
4. NARRALIZER USERS GUIDE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE For textual analysis and the organization of bibliographic data Development of Analysis Method Dr Asher Shkedi Software Development Yuval Shkedi All rights reserved to Asher Shkedi and Yuval Shkedi Narralizer Yozmot Yakum Dear User Welcome to Narralizer 1 1 the software solution for qualitative research data analysis textual analysis and for analyzing and organizing bibliographical data This unique software can answer questions relating to both textual analysis and qualitative data analysis Narralizer is also effective in organizing bibliographic data and literature reviews We hope these tools will help to answer most of your research needs The program is applicable for all forms of textual and qualitative research recognized analysis methods and bibliographical requirements The program is friendly and anyone familiar with the Windows work environment will use it more or less instinctively hardly needing this guide at all To make life easier most menus and icons are borrowed from Windows We are certain this program will prove a practical tool and would be glad to hear from you and offer any help we can The User Guide has two sections Section 1 is the largest section It reviews the program and describes its uses for textual and qualitative data analysis Section 2 describes the program s value in organizing bibliographic material a
5. as seen in the example below in the example text was copied from an external document describing a classroom observation New text source for category Teachers approaches sources Code name l eee words Full name Rita The chapter has a unified structure but has a distinct division into two parts What are the themes of each part Boaz One part is hospitality Rita Hospitality is the theme of the whole chapter What is the first part Rachel The angels visit Rita that s right lt is not just a visit It is an appearance What is the second part Boaz The debate between God and Abraham Rita Debate about what Many pupils yelling About saving Sodom Rita Pay attention to the hospitality theme pay attention to the literary gt Benny There are a lot of repeated operatives Rita Very nice which core words we have in the chapter The text 1S pasted into the Text pane Pupils together ran fetched took Rita Hospitality is something physical Rachel There is an emphasis on the intention Yaron It sounds as if it is very important to him 3 In the top left pane Code name type a short title for the source The name of the source in our example is Rita interview 1 referring to the first interview with Rita In the pane below which is marked Full name type the full title of the Research project which in this case is Teachers approaches We will return to the Key word
6. highlighted using Copy or Cut D Use the right arrow of the Sub case screen to highlight the name of the Sub case in the example below Jacob 1 Type the name you wish to give to the segment in the Comments pane This is a temporary name and may be changed later when you create categories New Text Segment for category teachers conceptions Ed Sub case OK name eae KT Gasp Cancel Comments Temporary name given to data segment Students difficulties in light of school messages The kids are given the clearest message that the important subjects are math English and reading and only those subjects turn up on the schedule in the first morning periods Data segment WW Automatic text paste 50 Bear in mind that we can type more than one name in the Comments pane if a segment deals with more than one subject and add comments that can help us identify and analyze the segment E Click OK to transfer the information in the box to the Narralizer document database As explained earlier the icon of the data segment you introduced will appear on the screen along with the name of the sub case to which the segment was assigned The first words of the segment appear under the Text column allowing the researcher to check that he has inserted the right segment Narralizer teachers conceptions 1 File Edit View Action Window Help D ie P 2 E co i H tea
7. 93 ise E Research Document Narralizer1 a Sub New 2 Choose Sources Document Research Document Sources Document 2 A Sources Document Work Screen opens which at first sight seems identical to the Research Document Work Screen However look carefully and you will see that the title in the blue strip at the top of the Work Screen reads Narralizer Sources Document Narralizer 1 1 You will also see that a document icon in the second line to the left of File Work Screen title Narralizer Sources Document Narralizer1 1 H File Edit View Action Window Help Work aF a aa a EMCO amp e EEE P Code Names Code H E ghee X amp B Q Code name 3 From now on the commands relating to the Sources Documents are almost the same as HE Narralizer 1 the commands for the Research Documents in the preceding chapters The first step is to name the Sources Document In the next example we want to assemble all of our research sources into one Source Document We therefore give the Sources Document the same name as the Research project In the example the name of the research project is Teachers Approaches therefore the name of the Sources Document will be Teachers Approaches Sources or any other name you wish Rename the document as described in Chapter 1 to name the document and place it in the appropriate directory 94 Narrali
8. A data document is any textual document stored in the computer It might be a word processed text 1 e produced by any type of word processor an internet text or any text in the computer containing 6 the data we are analyzing Analysis documents can contain texts in languages written from left to right English Spanish etc or languages written from right to left e g Hebrew and Arabic The analysis document might contain an interview observation diary or any other word processed material that we wish to analyze Data drawn from multiple data documents can be used as analysis material for one analysis document or in multiple analysis documents It is entirely up to the researcher and depends on his or her research needs Performing standard procedures There are three ways to carry out all or almost all procedures A Through the menu B Through the icons on the toolbar C By right clicking the mouse Some actions can also be carried out using the keyboard Save Narralizer automatically saves every 5 minutes Note that it is also important to save manually every so often You can save by clicking the toolbar icon clicking Save on the File menu or pressing Ctrl S Toolbar Narralizer Narralizer 1 File Edit View Action Window Help I X D j t B e EF jana X Q Sub cases groups When saving the program automatically saves a backup copy The backup copy has the same name as the
9. A research project can contain a large number of data sources that are identifiable by their research objects e g names of different subjects type of data document interview observation report etc or time points when the data were collected e g from Year 1 Year 2 etc Because the amount and variety of data can be so vast it is recommended to organize the data before starting the analysis as this significantly aids our control of the analysis and research One of important Narralizer s functions is to help us organize the data Every Analysis Document allows us to categorize data according to cases sub cases and sub case groups Case in fact refers to all data in the study The case is defined at the start of the research and its full or abbreviated name appears as the primary category of the research on the Analysis Document as defined above however the researcher can decide that a particular research project comprises multiple cases in which case the name of each project will appear on a separate Analysis Document Sub case refers to the division into data units For example if the data are divided into subjects each subject represents a sub case Another example is if the research is spread over several years and has multiple subjects In this case each sub case might relate to the data for a particular subject for a particular year so that each subject in a time unit of one year represents one sub case Jac
10. groups List of sub cases W Show comments W Show text 3 Click Select to display all of the text segments according to their categories and sub cases The categories displayed are numbered with numerals and letters to help differentiate between categories and sub categories The name of the category and sub case to which the segment belongs is displayed above each text segment Adjust the display pane using the scroll bar 40 Sharon 1 In the third arade it s a storv it s eniovable it s like lt im gt inter f school teachers approachs Primary category 1 Students attitudes 1 a enjoy Content le sub m 1 a 1 when teachers interested them category Rachel 2 when teachers interested them When you take an awkward text that looks strange and you analyze it and suddenly they understand something about it and there are all kinds of ideas they like it ensi F i 1 a 2 in elementary school Text Sharon 1 in elementary school segments In the third grade it s a story it s enjoyable it s like a novel In the third or fourth grade the kids like Bible There s excitement in the classroom When we get into other things that are not particularly plot onented stones that s when the difficulties begin 1 b sacred The Display pane is the largest pane of the work screen Above the display pane is the Content pane and to the left the Categories pane The Display pane may be enl
11. ARRAY A Presenting the complete data array At any stage in the analysis you may view the analysis products which have been sorted into categories and show to the sub cases to which they belong The following describes the method for displaying data segments 1 Point the cursor at the primary category to highlight it Right click or use the File menu or icon on the icon toolbar to highlight the Show sub tree command Narralizer teachers approachs File Edit View Action Window Help D tae bed E Sub cases amg teachers approach 1 Highlight the category EA Students attitud Collapse enjoy Add Category E when te i 2 Highlight E in eleme the Show sub E a tree command E criticism Show Sub Tree A uninterestec dents difficul cut intelectual Copy Ieren 2 Click on the icon or on the Show sub tree command to open the Select Sub cases box A list of all sub cases relating to the analysis document is displayed on the left and above it a list of all the sub case groups in the analysis document To view the complete analysis array for all categories click Select all Note that the lower section of the box contains two small windows Show comments and Show text both of which are ticked Leave the boxes ticked for now These commands will be explained later 39 Select Sub cases Select all Use selected Rachel Sharon List of sub cases
12. D Click OK to assign the new content category to the Categories array of the Categories pane and replace the merged content categories see two illustrations below Categories before merger three categories beneath the main category intellectual E uninterested 0 students difficulties T LI E language E prior knowledge criticism E distance from students E school massage milieu Three sub categories Categories after merger two categories merged now have two categories beneath the main category intellectual EA uninterested 2 students difficulties 4 intelectual E criticism E students knowledge E distance from students E school massage milieu Two sub categories Ui 12 CHAPTER 9 SPLIT AND MERGER OF ANALYSIS DOCUMENTS You may split Analysis documents into several documents or merge them into one document according to your data analysis and organization needs A Splitting the Analysis document An analysis document containing two or more sub cases may be split into several documents The steps are as follows 1 Open the document you wish to split into a new document and click Divide in the File menu New Open Cirl 0 Close Save Cil s Save As Export Merge Divide Divide command Delete Rename Sub cases 2 Select Sub cases box opens This is the same box used in Show sub tree
13. Delete Text Open file Ethnography is an ambiguousterm represanting bath a process and a product 2 As a product an ethnography is usually a book The name for doing etnography is field work 69 VWhen you think informally about ethnographic research afew things strikeyou right away First of all there is an emphasis on personal involvement in the community The ethnographer is also part of an asymmetrical relationship especially at the beginning of the works lt pot necessarily that ethnographer don t want to test hypotheses 109 8 Click OK to close the box and assign the segment icon to the Content pane In this way we can add different bibliographic segments to each category Narralizer Sources Document qualitative research 1 File Edit View Action Window Help lieth belg h e P ss Code Names Agar 1980 7 Code Name Groups F ia ia x SEAE qualitative research Key words Text E EE Agar 1980 Ethnog E critique approach E positivist approach E post positivist approach E structutral approach Source segment icon Point to the source segment icon and select Properties or double click the icon to open the box containing the bibliographic source segment which can now be altered 9 Sometimes relevant segments have not been correlated with key words in which case the researcher cannot identify bibliographic segments by key words alone In such cases the Find function i
14. Narralizer displays the list of bibliographic sources for that particular specific bibliographic database in the Content pane The sources are listed alphabetically and can be found by scrolling up or down Point the cursor at the source s Code name and select Properties or double click on Code name to open the Properties box containing all the source information for that specific bibliographic database EF K Bibliography Code name Key words EE Atkins 1986 curriculum deliberatior EE Atkinson amp Claxton 2000 Intuition Reflection Ti 1 Point EE Atkinson 2000 Professionalism Image cursor at the EElBack 1999 1999 p2 constructivism Teacher document EElgal 1996 curriculum teachers gu EE Ball amp McDiarmid 1988 teacher thinking and knc EE sal amp Feiman Nemser qualitative research te 2 Locate EElgall amp Cohen 1999 eacher knowledge Te 3 Highlight source and select Properties EE ar Te required source Bartell 1990 9 Arranging bibliographic sources in a group 104 The software allows you to organize the bibliographic sources in groups The most natural division is alphabetical so that all sources in a group start with the same letter Sources can be divided into groups using Code name groups in the File menu The commands for using Code Name Groups are the same as the commands for Sub Case Groups see Chapter 3 As with the latter Narralizer allows you to gro
15. as entered The order can be changed as follows A Point the cursor at the category in the Categories pane indication category or content category that you wish to relocate B Click on Move Up Move Down icons or the Action menu right click the mouse to move the category until the categories are listed in the right order 63 2 Move the category using the Move Up Move Down icons Goes oe aon eee ee Lp D W d amp E pl E E i x E HB G 4 Sub cases Rachel 2 oe 2 Students attitudes a enjoy E when teachers interested EA in elementary school E sacred E critdism uninterested Text Not interested irrelevant despite w 1 Highlight the category to relocate Bear in mind that when you move a indication category a category with a folder icon all the categories indication and or content attached to it also move The order in which the data segments are listed in the Content pane can be rearranged in the same way 7 Moving a sub category from one main category to another main category You may decide that a category prime or content listed under a particular main category would be more appropriate under a different main category and would therefore like to move it The steps for moving a category are A Place the cursor on the main category in the Categories pane containing the category you wish to move In the next example we are going to mo
16. highlighted Sharon In the Non group members pane we have highlighted the sub cases we wish to combine as a group in the example Sharon 1 2 3 4 Eg Sub cases groups Pe Add Groups Miriam Delete Sharon 1 Highlight name of group Group members Non group members 3 Click Add command to create the group Miriam 2 Miriam 3 2 Highlight Miriam 3 sharon 1 u sub cases Sharon 2 to place in the Sharon 3 Sharon 4 gr oup Add 23 The Add command forms the group and transfers the names of the sub cases in the group to the Group members pane as shown in the following illustration Groups Gr oup eee Delete sharon name Group members ga GI a a fi fu a A Oo 0 a al Ph ee Sub cases in the group Sub cases not in the group Non group members Jacob 3 Jacob 4 Miriam 1 4 Note A sub case can be in several groups at once depending on research requirements For example Sharon 1 can be in the group with the other Sharon sub cases it can also be in the group labeled First year containing the sub cases for the other subjects Miriam Jacob etc in the research for Year 1 Whenever a new group is created using the above steps all sub cases in the document are restored to the Non group members pane Groups Add the name of the new group to the list of groups in the
17. kid knowledge The words the ideas are abstract Middle school students level of abstraction is not the highest so it creates frustration Ari 1 students knowledge not everyone can get close to a text like this for them is like Chinese 2 b distance from students Sharon 1 distance from The subjects are irrelevant to them in an emotional sense why would a Child be interested in the destruction of the Temple How can they identify with a people from whom they are removed by age and time gt LI Rachel 1 distance from students The i are given the clearest message that the important subjects are math English and reading and only those subjects tum up on the schedule in the first momuneg periods 4 Remember that each time you search the number of occurrences of the last word or expression appears on the bottom left of the screen Find not only informs the researcher how many times a word or expression appears in a document but where to find combinations of specific words or expressions if they exist Researchers can use this function and its options to locate the properties of investigated data and make decisions relating to categories 92 CHAPTER 14 CREATING THE RESEARCH SOURCES DATABASE Earlier we described the two categories of documents used in the software the Analysis Document which is the document produced using the Narralizer software and the Raw Data Doc
18. of the process of constructing a categories array Sometimes however we may wish to split categories in the categories array which already contain data segments This is the same as the procedure in Chapter 7 though this time the categories array already exists As we saw in Chapter 7 the software creates a temporary category into which data segments are inserted before being assigned to new categories which are created as follows A Highlight the category in the Categories pane that you wish to split in the example distance from students and split the category using the Split Category command see Chapter 2 57 2 students difficulties intelectual E criticism E students knowledge F E school massage E milieu dki Cateaory Subject matter characteristics add Text Segment 4 values Split Category universal The category you wish to split Expand E particularistic a fa me Show Sub Tree B As we saw in Chapter 2 a box opens for you to type the name of the first category in the example formal relationship This is followed by a second box where you type the name of the second category in the example separation After clicking OK for the second category the divided category becomes a prime category containing three sub categories one of which is named after the original category and has the title temporary in the example Temporary distance from
19. only apply to the last five actions taken Also Undo by pressing Ctrl Z Redo by pressing Ctrl Y Different Languages and Changing Languages With Narralizer you may work in languages written from left to right e g English Spanish etc and right to left e g Hebrew Arabic etc The program uses all fonts available in the Windows environment and any language used by the computer There are two icons on the Toolbar one showing left alignment for languages written from left to right the other right alignment for languages written from right to left In order to work smoothly and read the text with ease it is important to click the correct icon for the language you are using Icon for language from left to right Icon for language from right to left Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help D lal Sub cases l teachers approachs Al Name Students attitudes enjoy E when teachers interested E in elementary arhnnl A when teachers interested them H in elementary school Narralizer allows you to work with two or more languages in one document at once and to change languages any number of times 10 CHAPTER 2 CREATING A CATEGORIES ARRAY Narralizer cannot invent categories or replace the researchers mind or sensitivities Rather it enables researchers to assign categories that they created themselves and use them for analyzing dat
20. screen though it is not essential to give this command If you leave the data array on the display screen you can still carry out other procedures and your next Show Sub Tree command will automatically clear the previous data array display You cannot add to delete or make any other change in the text on the display screen Changes must be made using the Properties command as explained in Chapter 5 D Printing the data array analysis shown on the display screen You can print the data array analysis that appears on the display screen Click Print in the File menu or use Ctrl P to open the Print box which resembles the Print box in other commonly used software In the box indicate the pages you wish to print and the number of copies Note that the name of your printer appears at the top of the Print box Select OK to print Printer Name HP LaserJet 1200 Sees PCL Properties Status Ready Type HP LaserJet 1200 Series PCL Where LPT1 ORE T Print to file Print range Copies f All Number of copies Pages from i to pk pii 7 m OK Cancel Use Print Preview in the data segments menu to view the text as it will be printed The text layout you are about to print is shown on your screen There is a ruler above the text page which allows you to enlarge or reduce the size of the display Zoom In Zoom 44 Out move to a new page Next Page Prev Page view one or two pages at once One Pa
21. second pane Delete Sharon Group members 3 Click the Add command to create the group Non group members 2 Highlight vit sub cases belonging to the group MM x 24 Note When you begin this action the full list of sub cases is restored to the Non group members pane You may thus create as many groups as needed for the research In order to display the list of Sub case groups in the Analysis Document on the Work Screen click the arrow on the right of the Sub case groups pane A new pane will open listing all the sub case groups Use the scroll bar to view all names on the list Name of Aan Narralizer teachers approaches 1 Sub case h alk File sine View Window Help group Nal Pee Da he amp FS fe 7 Harg t Sub cases Sub cases groups Rachel Sharon teachers approaches A Sub case Comments EX Renaming Sub cases The following describes how to rename a sub case A Highlight the primary category in the Categories pane click on Rename sub cases in the File menu Alternatively place the cursor on the primary category in the Categories pane Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help leh ae amp Sub cases 1 Highlight the primary category Ne teachers approachs Students attituc Collapse enjoy Add Category i E when te Dl er E in eleme E sacred E unintere
22. the new name H criticism lt J students difficulties intelectual E language H pirior knowledge EJ distance from students EA school massage 2 milieu Type the new name of the category MW To change the name of the main category in the categories array use the Rename function This time a box opens where you should type the name of the main category which is also the document name and assign it to the appropriate directory see Chapter 1 3 To Delete or Move a Data Segment from one Category to Another A researcher can sometimes find that a data segment belonging to a particular category is in the wrong place or that it is redundant or was placed in the wrong category or should be in two categories and not one These corrections can be carried out without the need to copy the written text You simply move the data segment icon from one category to another as explained below 59 A Highlight the category in the Categories pane that contains the data segment you wish to move delete in the following example the category students knowledge has been highlighted The Content pane now shows all segments in the highlighted category ggg enyuy E when teachers interested H in elementary school 2 sharon 1 Data segment i Ari 2 icons in the E Ari 1 E sacred Content pane E uninterested 59 students difficulties Highlight the 2 intelectual catego
23. those subjects tum up on the s Use Find Next to find every occurrence of the word or expression you seek in the The Rachel 2 distance from students document expression The words the ideas are abstract Middle schoo you highest so it creates frustration J searched for highlighted z2 c school m 70 in color Match whole word only Direction Cancel Match case w When using Find Next the number of occurrences of the word or expression in the document is displayed at the bottom left of the screen In the example below there the word kid occurred five times E Subject matter characteristics begin values A universal 4 Ll par ticularistic Direction Match whole word only Match case Ari 2 Ifa RE Bible falls down you ll often see the child kiss it They feel it s s exalted different He knows he has a connection with it even subconsci Number of occurrences of the expression 91 D Continue searching for other words and expressions up to a maximum of three words or expressions Each word or expression you seek will be highlighted in a different color Thus three different words or expressions will appear on the screen in three different colors for easy detection In the example below the second search marked the word student and the third search marked the word child the first search marked the word
24. will open allowing you to change text delete or add words and write notes in the Comments pane Clicking OK will close the box saving all your changes Text The words tr not everyone Split Category Cut Copy Delete Rename 2 Click Properties Properties 34 Text Segment Properties General Sub case Sharon 1 Wr ite Comments comments Revise text The subjects are irrelevant to them in an emotional sense why would a child be interested in the destruction of the Temple How can they identify with a people from whom they are removed by age and time Name of category to which text segment belongs Containing category distance from students Note The title of the category to which the data segment belongs is shown at the bottom of each Text Segment Properties box B Displaying Category Properties In the section above we described the text segments properties The software can also apply the Properties action to categories The steps are 1 Position the cursor on the category whose properties you wish to display and give the Properties command via the File menu or by right clicking the mouse 35 J teachers approachs a E Students attitudes 1 Highlight category wh Collapse Aq in FA sared E uninte J students d Qj intelec Pe a E ai Show Sub Tree E sth out EA distant E school Sj mili
25. 1 gmen Collapse categor evry E uninterested J students difficulties o To add new sub categories to the category that you have split use the Add Category function described above Use Split Category and Add Category to split all other categories in the Categories pane The next example shows the Categories pane after its three categories were split into three category levels A Primary category B Sub categories split from the primary category C Sub categories split from each of the sub categories Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help DOD he Sub cases Ew Ga ee el E Students attitudes Level A Primary category E enjoy Level B FA sacred Eg oritcism Sub Ea uninterested categories E students difficulties E intelectual E distance from students E school massage milie Subject matter characteristics Level C FA values Sub sub HE knowlege E cultural categories 16 Use the Add Category function to add as many categories as you need on both Level B and Level C Splitting Sub Sub Categories into Another Level of Categories In the same way you can continue splitting sub sub categories into fourth fifth etc levels of categories depending on how much detail your research analysis requires After splitting the categories into a fourth level the categories will appear thus J A teachers approachs a Students atti
26. GRAPHIC DATA 0000 99 3 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING THE SOFTWARE The Work Screen The Work Screen has three panes When the program is launched three panes appear which function as the user s work environment As in Windows the user can change the size of the panes or scroll up or down to reveal information Henceforth the pane on the left will be referred to as the Categories pane This is the long pane on the left of the Work Screen It is used for listing and changing the list of categories Henceforth the lower right pane will be called the Display pane It is the largest pane in the Work Screen and displays the different phases of the analysis results The upper right pane is the Content pane which allows you to modify the analysis array The upper section of the screen contains different menus File Edit View Action Window Help The row beneath the menus consists of the Toolbar and icons Pointing to an icon reveals the name of its function The menu and Toolbar icons are activated using the mouse Content pane SEE Warralizer Narralizer2 1 x File Edit View Action Window Help Ds sae Pisin Xf EA Toolb ar Sub cases groups icons l rarvalizer 2 EEE Adjustable pane borders Ready ISCRL Categories pane Display pane You can enlarge or decrease the size of each pane by moving the inner border of the pane using the mouse as show
27. Initial words of new text segment Name of new sub case Note A text segment or part of one can be assigned to several categories at once according to the researcher s requirements In this case the researcher must perform the same Add text segment action for each segment individually Similar to the procedure described above the researcher assigns all of the segments to the categories and sub cases appropriate to them Note There are two types of categories categories with a folder icon from which other branch off These categories are called Prime categories The second type of category is denoted by a hatched green square These are categories that cannot be split and are called Content categories only they can hold data segments If we try to insert data segments into a prime category the program will prevent it CHAPTER 5 DISPLAYING THE PROPERTIES OF CATEGORIES AND DATA SEGMENTS A Displaying Text Segment Properties Researchers often want to reread the data for a particular text segment without having to 33 read all or part of the data array The Properties function enables us to do this A Highlight the data segment icon in the Content pane B Click the Properties command in the Edit menu or right click the mouse Another alternative is to double click the data segment icon in the Content pane ss Comment Sharon 1 Ari 1 igol r iste C The Text Segment Properties box
28. Reliability Validity EE Anning 1988 teacher education teacher knowledge Teachers theories r ElAraujo 1995 analysis qualitative research El Arksey 1999 interview Qualitative research 4 mi Ll Selected bibliographic item Bibliographic document Literature review document hidden 5 Now double click the icon next to the bibliographic items of interest or chooses Properties to open the Properties box The main pane in the box is the Text pane As explained earlier the Text pane contains summaries or selected segments of the article The next step is to highlight and Copy segments relevant to the literature review Text Open file HiEthnography is an ambiquousterm represanting both a process and a product 2 As a product an ethnography is usually a book The name for doing etnography is field work 69 When you think informally about ethnographic research afew things strikeyou right away First of all there is an emphasis on personal involvement in the community The ethnographer is also part of an asymmetrical relationship especially at the beginning of the work It is not necessarily that ethnographer dont want to est JULEN 0 It s just that if they do the variable and and operationalizations and sample spicification must grow fram nderstanding of thr group rather from being hammered on top of it no matter how poor the fit An ethnographer associat people aver an extensive p
29. Segment am Category Add Text Segment oF T Subject matter characterist j d m m aj values i a B iii ro Sub Tree E particularistic Cut a E knowlege Copy a a specific Pacte Panal Fal lance a i B Click Add Text Segment to open the dialog box The box will automatically display the text copied from the data document New Text Segment for category distance from students Name of category to which text segment 1s assigned The subjects are irrelevant to them in an emotional sense why Text segment would a child be interested in the destruction of the Temple automatically How can they identify with a people from whom they are transferred removed by age and time from data document J Automatic text paste There is a quicker method for opening the box using the Add Text Segment icon on the Toolbar cursor on the 30 C All data segments must be assigned to a predefined sub case The top pane of the box is the sub cases pane Click the right arrow of the sub cases pane to display the complete list of sub cases Left click on the name of the relevant sub case and release in order to place the name in the pane Click OK to close the box and place the text in the appropriate location New Text Segment for category distance from students Sub case pane Sub case 2 Highlight relevant sub case 1 Click arrow to reveal l
30. a The following stages are involved in creating a set of categories lf you start your research without a ready prepared list of categories and wish to create a categories array from the raw data Chapter 7 explains how this is done A Dividing the primary category into sub categories 1 Establishing the primary category as described on p 3 above when you open Narralizer the category Narralizer 1 is displayed in the Categories pane when you open subsequent documents the names Narralizer 2 3 etc will be displayed This is just a temporary name and may be changed to the same name as the first research category as described above The name of the primary category is also the name of the Analysis Document The primary category is the first category in the list of categories from which all other categories split off Za Point to the primary category you wish to split Right click on the mouse to reveal the Split Category command see illustration below You may also split the primary category by clicking the Split Category icon on the toolbar or Action menu Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help D tar fel SUD cases Main category F Expand p Add Text Segment Split Category Category Show Sub Tree Cut Copy Rename Rename Sub cases Move Up Move Down Properties 11 Selecting the Split Category command causes a di
31. alogue box to open showing the name of the primary category you wish to split with a 1 next to it in the example the category is teachers approaches 3 Type the name of a sub category in the upper text box labeled Name in the following example the sub category is student attitudes Note that the dialogue box has a large text box labeled Comments for comments if required The primary category you wish to split teachers approachs 1 Cancel Students atttudes Type the name of a sub category 4 Clicking OK opens a similar dialogue box to the previous one except the number 2 appears next to the primary category teachers approaches 2 Now type the name of the second sub category in the example students difficulties and click OK The dialogue box will close and two sub categories will appear in the Categories window under the primary category Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help Cah a Main category Sub categories H Students attitudes E students difficulties F 12 Bear in mind that when you split categories there must be at least two branched categories The Split Categories command therefore automatically opens the dialog box twice If you fail to create two categories the program will create a second category and assign it a temporary name which can be changed any time 5 Having split the pri
32. an be carried out in that pane To search using the Display pane we first must display the data we wish to search Therefore before searching the Display pane we must conduct the Show sub tree procedure see Chapter 6 When the data is available on the Display pane the search can begin A Place the cursor in the Display pane and click Find in the File menu right click the mouse click the icon in the Activities toolbar enter Ctrl F When the window opens highlight the Find action as shown below Narralizer teachers approach File zal View Action Window He Gg Undo Ctrl z Sub cas Find Next Clear B When the Find box appears type the word or expression in the example kids you wish to find in the Find what pane You can search for one word or an expression with several words You can copy words and expressions from the text and paste them in the box using the Copy and Paste function 90 1 Type or Copy word or expression 2 Click to implement command Find what Match whole word only Direction Cancel Match case C Click Find Next and the word you require will be highlighted in color throughout the document Use Find Next to identify every occurrence of the word or expression you seek in the document ME ee ee gt removed 0y age and hime A Rachel 1 distance from students Thy ids are given the clearest message that the p Amz and only
33. and highlight the name Click the Delete button in the upper right section of the box to delete the name from the list D When we have finished transferring all the names to the list of names in the large pane of the dialog box click on Exit far right at bottom of dialog box to conclude the action E When the Exit command is given the names of the sub cases will appear in the Sub cases pane on the bottom left of the Work Screen under the Toolbar icons Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help UO a te Sub cases Sub cases pane teachers approachs E Students attitudes J enjoy E when teachers interested then FA in elementary school To view the list of sub cases click the arrow on the right side of the Sub cases pane A pane opens displaying the names of all the sub cases Scroll up and down to view names on list Click arrow to view Sub case list Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help Li ce Lk Sub cases ne s Ari 1 Zari Scroll bar J el Rachel 1 F to view AH Rachel 2 l Sharon 1 _ names Sub case list E criticism E uninterested 21 Note Even though the data are divided into sub cases before commencing the analysis it is possible at any stage in the research to add or delete sub cases and rename existing sub cases Combining sub cases into a sub cases group Som
34. arged or reduced as required by moving its borders at the expense of the other two panes B Selective display of data array according to sub cases To display the data array for just one or more sub case open the Select Sub Cases Box as described above In the left hand pane in the box highlight the sub case using the mouse Select Sub cases Select all Subcases Grous ache Use selected Cancel 1 Highlight the sub case Jw Show comments Iw Show text 4 Click the top arrow in the middle of the box to transfer the name of the sub case to the right hand pane To display more than one sub case highlight any additional names and transfer them using the top arrow in the middle of the box Click on Use selected command to display all data segments of the sub case highlighted in the Display pane Select Sub cases Select all Subcases Grous aN FE ee 3 Use aron selected Cancel selected sub cases W Show comments W Show text To display the full list of sub cases for a particular sub case group highlight the sub case group in the top pane of the box in the example below Rachel All sub cases in the lower pane will be highlighted automatically in the example above Rachel 1 Rachel 2 Then proceed with the same commands as above You can of course highlight as many groups at once as you wish 42 Select Sub cases Highlight sub cases group Subcases Grous Sharon S
35. ategories as we like in the same way using the Add category function As in the above example we can assess the segments assigned to a given sub category and divide the sub category into further sub sub categories where we can place the relevant data segments See next chapter for explanation 56 CHAPTER 8 CHANGING THE EXISTING CATEGORIES ARRAY In the previous chapters we described how to create a categories array analyze data into categories and assign data segments to these categories Analysis however is a fairly complex process involving several stages each of which changes the existing categories array and the location of its constituent data Sometimes when assigning segments to their categories or after this process 1s complete we need to change the categories array so that the data are stored in situ without requiring us to return to the sources documents to reanalyze them These changes can be made in several ways This chapter explains the functions that allow researchers to constantly rebuild their analysis array 1 Splitting categories containing data segments Chapter 2 which deals with creating a categories array explained how to split a category using the Split Category and Add Category commands This method is used to split categories containing no data Chapter 7 which discusses the creation of a categories array from raw data explained how to split a main category containing data segments which is part
36. certain data segments This decision can certainly be postponed and the data segments left in the temporary category without deleting this category This procedure can also be carried out using the Cut amp Paste function It is better to use Cut amp Paste rather than dragging if we wish to assign a segment to more than one category We can also transfer the data segments using the Copy function though this is not advisable Although the Copy function allows us to place the data segment in the target category it also leaves it in the original category in our case the temporary category Removing the segment from the source category gives us control of the segments that we already removed and guarantees that we will not transfer the same segment several times It is important to remember that segments are not automatically transferred from their temporary names to the categories system in the Categories pane as one might perhaps expect but must be transferred manually one segment at a time The program was deliberately planned in this way The segment s initial names and even their size are only temporary and must be reassessed by the researcher When deploying segments to the categories array it is important to reconsider the category to which each segment was assigned and decide whether to assign some segmenis to more than one category In the example above we saw how to create two sub categories We can create as many c
37. chers conceptions Sub case Comment Text Jacobi Students difficulties in light of school messages The kid Data segment icon Main category 1s highlighted Name of 7 The temporary Sub case name appears in the Comment Pane E Initial words of the Text segment F The researcher can now examine all of the data documents identifying segments and undertaking the actions described above As mentioned at this stage all of the data are shown under the same category namely the main category When more data segments are added the Content pane looks like this Dee tte amp E dda X amp B Q i Sub cases Jacob Fi iig teachers conceptions Comment E Jacob 1 Students difficulties in light of school messages The kids are givet Jacob 1 Messages coming from the society The children come Miriam 1 Students enjoy in elementary school In the third grade Miriam 1 The subject matter contains knowledge about heritage Its a common lan E Jacob 2 The subject matter is distant from the student The subjects are Data segment icon in the Content pane 5I I Organizing data segments into categories After analyzing large quantities of data the researcher will have hundreds if not thousands of data segments each described by a temporary name The research can now proceed to the stage of creating categories from the data segments there is no need to analyze all t
38. data text in the data document which is outside Narralizer and the category array we Set up the analysis document see Chapter 2 and look for segments of text that match the categories in the Categories pane it View Insert Format Tools Table Window Help Se lt 100 lt i 2 Not interested irrelevant despite what I do for tt Categories p interest some of the students for most of the chilc they make sure to shout out their lack of interest to do with this text The subjects are irrelevant to sense why would a child be interested in the des How can they idei ify with a people from whon and time The kids given the clearest messag gt gt z subjects are math En h and reading and only E when teachers interested E in elementary school ES sacred ES uninterested students difficulties Text segment _ intelectual 1 for analysis E criticism E students knowledge 28 B Find a text segment that relates to the existing categories The following example shows a Word document with an interview text The interview contains a section which is relevant to the category distance from students of the categories array We highlight the segment in the data document and give the Copy command Give Copy command File Edit View Insert format Tools Table Window Help OD A ab lt lt n 10 Normal TmesNewRoman 14 BU Ey L ss Oe SE CS SO Not interested irrelevant
39. der the title Total sub categories appears the total number of sub categories for the displayed category The example shows two sub categories this information is very helpful if a category has multiple sub categories You may easily return to the previous page tab by clicking the General tab or by closing the box by clicking OK Category Aroperties General Content Name El when teachers interested them E in elementary school Sub categories of the category examined k Total sub category 2 Cancel Total number of sub categories The example above shows the properties of the indication category a category that does not contain data segments but sub categories The Properties action can also be executed for a content category In this case the segment icons are shown in the Content page and each item is accompanied by comments if comments were made and the opening words of the data segment The total number of segments is displayed in the lower section of the box under the title Total segments 37 Category Properties General Content _Sub case Comments Sharon 1 The subjects are irrelevant to them in an emotior The kids are given the dearest message that the The words the ideas are abstract Middle scho Rachel 1 Data segment icons A Number of data segments cored any 38 CHAPTER 6 PRESENTING AND PRINTING THE ANALYZED DATA
40. despite what I do for the most part the text will 2 interest some of the students for most of the children it is not important nu they make sure to shout out their lack of interest usually What do we have to do with this text pite a ead GAA A G EAEN a 1 Highlight relevant text emia The kids are given the clearest message that the important subjects are math English and reading and only those subjects turn up on the schedule in the first morning periods The words the ideas are abstract 2 Inserting Segment in Data Document A After copying the data item we turn to the analysis document Position the cursor on the category relating to the data item in our example the category is distance from students and highlight the category Right click on the selected category see illustration below or use the Action menu to open the pane containing the Add Text Segment command 29 Narralizer teachers approachs 1 FJ File Edit View Action Window Help Oc amp telg ee PIE Sub cases E I teachers approachs A s A E Students attitudes El a enjoy teachers interested them ae criticism E uninterested Ey gt i students difficulties aj intelectual BB language bee a pirior knowledge LIII distance from students 1 Highlight Expand the category where you wish to paste the segment Position L _ e m n pn E aiir Y Add T Text 5
41. e EElRita interview 1 EE Rita interview 1 EE Rita observation 1 El Rachel interview 1 EE Rachel interview 2 Source names Rita The chapter has a unifi Discourse refers to the order That is to demonstrate in th In the mid sixties when notit What motivate teachers tow Pa iii lt lt lt 6 You can record important concepts that capture the contents of the source text The Key words pane in the New text source box is provided for this List several concepts which sprang to mind when you first read the source and which could provide focal issues for new categories At this stage the key concepts are a non binding memory aid to assist you in choosing research categories as discussed in the previous chapters To record Key words Type the word or words which you consider key concept s in the text in the example below the phrase classroom discussion was chosen Click Add to include the expression in the list of key words for your source Key words dassroom discussion Add gt 2 0K 1 Type the expression Use the same method to add more expressions to the list of key words Key words teachers role Add List of key words dassroom discussion students attitudes i 98 Click OK in the New text source box and the Content pane will appear Initial words of source text Source EX Rita interview 1 classroom discussion students atti
42. e As Ed 1 Assign the Save in G Guide new document to ee E the appropriate pa Raa a re folder a Backup of teachers conceptions a Rachel a Sharon a teachers approachs 3 teachers conceptions teachers conceptions 2 2 Name the new documen F My Network File name Two teachers Places Save as type Naralizer Research Files nbr 76 5 Click Save to merge the two Analysis documents into a single Analysis document the source documents are also saved as separate files 6 Where a difference is found between the categories array of the document that is added to the recipient document and the categories array of the recipient document the software identifies the categories that appear in the added document but not in the recipient document and displays a question box in the example below the question is whether to add the school message category to the prime category student difficulties Narralizer 2 Add category school massage to students difficulties Cancel Affirmative answer category is added Negative answer ignores category does not add it Cancel exits Merge sequence A similar question box is opened each time Narralizer identifies a difference Repeat the final steps 3 and 4 above once the document is merged Remember that the software identifies the slightest difference in category names e g a diff
43. e do not need simply close them by clicking X in the top right corner of the superfluous document Narralizer Narralizer 1 File Edit View Acton Window Help tar led 8s ie SE O E GF h ii X A 9 Sub cases E teachers approachs 1 teachers approachs E tudents attitudes tudent attitudes J enjoy 7 y J students difficulties a when teachers interested E Subject matter c in elementary school ee ee E sacred a E Na _ _ a Bee 2Narralizer 1 82 The researcher can now transfer data segments between documents using Copy or Cut amp Paste and drag them when in the Cascade or Tile layout These procedures are described in the following chapter 83 CHAPTER 11 TRANSFERRING ANALYSIS SEGMENTS FROM ONE ANALYSIS DOCUMENT TO ANOTHER In previous chapters we explained how to move segments within an Analysis document However researchers often need to move entire analysis segments from one Analysis document to another This involves moving content categories with their data segments or prime categories with all the categories below them including the data segments assigned to them With Narralizer this is easy It is especially important to be able to move analysis segments from one document to another when the researcher wishes to create a new categories array from an already existing categories array This is needed when the researcher focuses on a specific number of issues or creates a sys
44. e research may only involve one sub case others may involve dozens or hundreds of sub cases The more sub cases there are the greater the need to combine several sub cases in one group Creating a group of sub cases still means that each of the sub cases in the group will exist independently The following sections explain how to create sub case groups A Click on Sub cases groups in the File menu to open a box with four panes The lower pane called Non group members lists all sub cases in the Analysis Document Mon group members Miriam 1 Miriam 2 Miriam 3 Miriam 4 Sharon 1 List of all sub cases 1n the document LA Cu om Oo 0 Li lt B From the list of sub cases identify the sub cases you wish to place in a group and type the name of the group in the upper pane of the box in our case the name of the group is Sharon Sub cases groups 1 Type the name of the group 22 Click the Add button to add the new name to the list of groups as shown in the example below C Add names of groups as required in the example below we have added the group Miriam to Sharon which already existed in the list of groups Enter name of new group Sub cases groups Miriam roups The existing list of group names D In the Groups pane highlight the name of the group in which you wish to insert sub cases in our example we have
45. e with the plus sign This will reveal the sub categories and the sign will be replaced with a minus as illustrated below Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help D y SE Click the sign The sub categories are revealed and the sign next to the folder changes to a minus sign FA sacred C students difficulties E Subject matter characteristics Similarly clicking the square with the minus sign hides the categories and replaces the sign with a sign Another way to display the sub categories is to point the cursor at the category whose sub categories you wish to display and right click the mouse to reveal a pane with the command Expand 2 Left click on Expand 1 Place the cursor on the category H sacred E unintey Add Category dents di ade E inteleci 15 Left clicking Expand causes all the sub categories relating to the category above them to appear The same method is used to collapse the sub categories Place in the cursor on the category right click the mouse to open a pane labeled Collapse Lift click on Collapse to collapse all the sub categories into the category above them The categories we wish to collapse A ee Collapse 4 enjoy 1 Place the 4 when teachers interested cursor on the E in elementary school Add Category Left click E sacred wad
46. ee Chapter 14 above When we click Open in the File menu to open an existing document the lower section of the Open box that appears contains a File of type pane which automatically displays the name Narralizer Research Files nbr When a source document is required click the right arrow of this pane and select Narralizer Sources Files nbs This causes the box to display source files instead of the analysis files previously displayed Select the source document required and its name will appear at the bottom of the File name pane In the example below the document is called Bibliography 100 Look in CO sikum m lBackup of Bibliograph cJ Backup of Sikum Recent Bibliograp 1 FE sikum Source documents Narralizer Sources Files My Network File name Bibliography Places Open Files of type Narralizer Sources Files nbs Cancel 2 Click Add text source to open the New text source box as described in the last chapter Type the full name of the bibliographic source in the Full name pane the researcher may use any bibliographic format he chooses New text source for category Bibliography Code name Enter Bruner Jerome 1985 Narrative and bibliographic Paradigmatic Modes of Thought in Eliot source name a re Eisner Ed Learnme and Teaching The Ways of Knowing Chicago NSSE pp 97 ee 3 In the Code name pane type a shortened name f
47. eep it in its original location use the above steps However instead of dragging or Cutting use Copy and Paste When two categories have the same content we recommend giving them different names reflecting their different locations 8 Moving one of two content categories Above we described a situation where we wished to move one of three content categories from one place to another A more complex situation occurs when we wish to move one of two content categories to a new indication category Removing one out of two content categories leads to the impossible situation of having just one content 65 category under an indication category every split must involve at least two categories The software is designed to resolve this A Carry out the procedure for the move as described above B When the content category has been moved from one place to the other leaving just one category the indication category above it becomes a content category the symbol changes from a folder to a green hatched square and the content segments are transferred to the new content category which receives the name of the prime category that was deleted automatically The original content category is deleted automatically The steps involved in B are as follows Step 1 _ teachers approaches M 2 Students attitudes 5 enjoy E when teachers interested E in elementary school E sacred FA uninterested students difficulties
48. eir content clearly enough click Properties see Chapter 5 above which opens the Text Segment Properties box you will find the entire segment You can also print the segments that appear in the Display pane see Chapter 6 52 To make it easier to sort segments into main categories families and name all the main categories simply display the comments see instructions in Chapter 6 above and review the list of temporary segment names The is useful as it facilitates the review process while allowing you to return to the more detailed display whenever you like to read the relevant segments Of course you can also print a list of temporary segment names list of comments using the File menu command B In order to create a categories array the segments must be divided into families You do this by identifying a common subject shared by several different segments Each family represents a category You can create several categories in this way and assign segments to them you can create as many categories as needed In the following example we took a small section of the list of data segment names in the Content pane and found that it can be sorted into two families or as they are called in the analysis process categories Comment Students difficulties in light of school messages Category 1 Contextual Messages coming from the society issues Students enjoy in elementary school Category 2 The subject
49. eir order changed to suit the researcher s needs If other Analysis documents appear that we do not need simply close them by clicking X in the top right corner of the superfluous document Narralizer teachers approachs File Edit View Action Window Help techers content believes E believes about its relevant E Students attitudes J students difficulties Sei students difficulties H intelectual 81 3 We can also arrange several documents side by side using the Tile command in the Window menu The procedure is as follows A Consecutively open the Narralizer documents you wish to work on in the example two documents are concurrently in use B Place the cursor in one of the documents and click Tile in the Window menu Narralizer teachers ap roachs 1 J File Edit View Action iin cr ed of GS Sub cases i teachers approachs Students attitudes a enjoy FA when teachers 2 teachers a 1 New Window Cascade Arrange Icons 1 Narralizer 1 iffos E in elementary school C Clicking the Tile command arranges all open Analysis documents one on top of the other two documents in the example below Unlike Cascade the Tile option does not hide the lower documents Instead all documents are equally visible The documents may be moved maximized minimized and their order changed to meet the researcher s needs If other Analysis documents appear that w
50. erent letter additional comma a space as an completely different category So please read the question in the box carefully C Copying an existing category array to a new document Occasionally we may wish to duplicate an existing categories array without the accompanying contents of the source document This is mainly required in research dealing with multiple case studies or subjects at the same time and in longitudinal studies In these cases we may wish to assign each subject case study period a separate Analysis document It is also very important for every case study subject to be analyzed in a uniform Categories array in order to assess their similarities and differences etc The following steps are required 2 Assign new document to T1 1 Open the document whose Categories array you wish to duplicate 2 Click Divide in the File menu The Select Sub cases box will open The left hand pane contains a list of all sub cases and sub case groups However this time they must not be moved to the right pane Click Use selected as shown below Select Sub cases Select all Use selected Subcases Grous Click Use selected Do not move sub cases to the right pane W Show comments lw Show text 3 In the Save As box type the name of the new Analysis document and assign and save it to the appropriate directory Save As Save in Guide
51. eriod of time in a variety of context home place of work religious cermonies recreatio es and so on There is also an emphasis on the ethnographer going into the groups Highlight relevant segment and Copy 6 After Copying switch to the literature review document and point to the destination category bibliographic subject for the segment then click Add Text Source as illustrated below 108 Sources Document Bibliography 1 Bibliography Code name Key words EE Ackerman Jewish education EE Adler 1991 teacher educatior EE Agar 1980 research ethnog a E i A ammi inn ae ami a m CaL LL Bibliographic document Sources Document qualitative research 1 an qualitative research 1 Highlight painterprative approach destination E critique approach categoryof fj E positivist approach Ado a A H post positivist approac AB structutral approach bibliographic segment Show Sub Tree Cut 2 Click Add Literature Copy Text Source review Paste document 7 After selecting Add Text Source a New Text Source box will open and the highlighted and copied text will appear in the Text pane of the box Type an appropriate name in the Code name pane There is no need to write anything in the Full name or Key words panes Code name Code name Key words Agar 1980 Full name P Add
52. eu E ho Delete E so Rename subject mM Rename Sub cases _ values Fa un Move Up E pa Move Down J knowle Add Category Copy 2 Give Properties command Propertes EA 1 14 2 A two page Category Properties box opens box with two tabs The top page tab is General The name of the category whose properties you wish to display is shown in the narrow top pane of the box in the next example enjoy You may rename the category in the window and when you close the box the new name will appear in the categories pane this is another way to rename categories besides the Rename function described in Chapter 2 At the bottom of the box the name of the primary category containing this category is displayed under the heading Containing category in the example below student attitudes The large pane in the box is the Comments pane Researchers can use the Comments pane to write notes and memos about the category Page 2 Category Properties Page 1 Content General Content General Mame Comments Place to write notes concerning the category Primary Category name Containing category Students attitudes Category name 36 3 Click on the Content tab to open the second page This page contains information about the sub categories of the category we are examining At the bottom of the box un
53. f the Sub case shown the top of the segment highlighted in the Display pane appears in the right place in the box window To do this use the arrow on the right side of the pane to locate the name of the Sub case E Click OK to add the segment to its new location 62 Note that the change is not shown in the Display pane immediately It will appear next time you use the Show sub tree command 2 Use the arrow to locate the appropriate Sub case New Text Segment for category distance from students Sub case Rachel 2 Comments The words the ideas are abstract Middle school students level of abstraction is not the highest so it creates frustration 1 The text appears automatically W Automatic text paste Note we strongly recommended that you do not write the name of a sub case that already exists in the database even though it is possible The reason is that you run the risk of accidentally altering the name very slightly which you would not notice at a quick glance but which the computer would treat as a new sub case These errors cause annoying problems that require a lot of work to fix We therefore advise you to find and highlight the sub case name using the arrow on the right side of the Sub cases pane in the box 6 Changing the order of categories order of data segments Categories are arranged in the Category Display and Content panes in the same order
54. f the box contains two small cells called Show comments and Show text These cells contain ticks denoting that the Show sub tree command will display both the texts and the comments accompanying the category names 45 A In order just to view the comments with the category names and the names of the sub cases to which the comment relates clear the tick in the box marked Show text so that it reads do not show text as shown below Leave box ticked W Show comments Clear tick in box W Show text Complete the procedure as described in sections A and B in this chapter When you have finished the display screen appears thus Name of category 1 l The contextual issues N f Jacob 1 The contextual issues aie students difficulties in light of school messages sub case Jacob 1 The contextual issues Wessages coming from the society 4 Comments Similarly you can obtain a screen showing the text accompanied by the names of the Miriam 1 The contextual issues he subject matter contains knowledge about heritage 2 Students attitudes Miriam 1 students attitudes students enjoy in elementary school categories and sub cases but without the comments by clearing the tick in the Show comments box To display the categories alone clear both boxes and you will receive a full picture of the categories list showing the numerical level of each category 46 teachers
55. g box to locate the name of the sub case you wish to merge with a different sub case whose name it will take D Click OK to merge the sub cases under the name you wish 26 Rename sub case Cancel 1 Locate name to be changed Sub case to rename 2 Locate name to be retained Rename to Note that if you work with several Analysis Documents in a single research project renaming a sub case or sub case group only applies to the document to which the action relates The action must therefore be applied to the remaining Analysis Documents of the research 27 CHAPTER 4 ENTERING DATA IN THE CATEGORIES ARRAY As noted earlier the analysis involves two types of documents the Analysis Document which is directly produced by the Narralizer software and data documents which are documents outside the analysis document During our analysis we import texts into the software from the data documents As noted earlier Narralizer is the same as any other qualitative and textual research software in that it does not analyze the data for us but helps us with our analysis The following section explains the data entry process 1 Copying data from a data document To analyze the data we must open both the data document we wish to analyze and the analysis document in which we set up the category array see explanation in earlier chapters The analysis procedure is as follows A We examine the
56. ge Two Pages cancel the action Close or print the text Print Next Page Prev Page Zoom In Zoom Out a Print Next Page ted teachers approaches 1a enjoy 1 21 when teachers interested them B Rachel 2 when teachers intere sed them When you tale ananioand ext that looks strange and you ambye it and suddenty they understand Lomethine shout it and there are all kinds offidess they Hie it Laz in ementary school Sharon 4 in elementary school Inthe thind grade it s a story its enjoyable ifs lie a novel In the thind or Fourth gede the kids like Bibe There s excitement in the chssroam When ve get into other things that are not particularly plot oriented stories that s when the difficulties bagin 1 6 sacred E Displaying comments categories or simply text As explained and illustrated in sections A and B of this chapter the Show Sub Tree command causes the text comments with the text and category names to appear on the Display pane However sometime researchers just need a list of categories or the comments accompanied by category names without the full data text This is achieved as follows l Click the main category on the Categories pane or any other category as described in sections A and B and select Show Sub Tree A box opens enabling us to select the sub cases whose data we wish to view see Sections A and B in this chapter As noted before the lower section o
57. gory which is located in the destination document In the Categories pane of the source document highlight the category one level above the category you wish to copy The distance from students category will appear in the Content pane of the source document Highlight and Copy the category then position the cursor on the destination category in the destination document and Paste Narralizer teachers approaches File Edit View Action Window Help ee iR Sub cases teachers approaches 1 students difficulties E intelectual E criticism E students knowledge FA distance from students l Highlight E school massage J milieu the categor y E Subject matter characteristics and Copy _ values ii techers content believes Name Comments E k E believes about contents relevant E believes about contents relevant believes about i nce E believes about its cep E believes about its concepts 2 Highlight the destination category and Paste Note that in this case we do not advise you to Cut or drag the text since this will change the source document It is important to leave the source document intact as a research stage you can return to at any time 3 When a category is moved from the source document to a content category in the destination document the content category in the destination document changes to a prime category and its icon changes fro
58. h it can be used to decide what we want to change and to find it A The researcher may read the categories array in the Display pane on the computer monitor or print a copy of the text to look for the data segment s he wishes to delete move change or copy Every segment has an identification label with the name of the category and the sub case to which the segment belongs B The researcher seeks the category he needs in the Categories pane using the scroll bar or Find function as described in Chapter 13 and highlights it The category in the next example is distance from students C When the category is highlighted all icons for segments in that category are displayed in the Content pane The researcher may seek the name of the required sub case in the next example the sub case is Rachel 2 If the sub case contains several segments we can identify the segment we are looking for by the initial words of the text which is displayed in the Content pane if required double click Properties to display the full segment in the box 67 3 Locate the J teachers approachs sub case containing the segment Comment Text 3 as oe attitudes N JE Sharon 1 The subjects are irrelevant to them in an emotional se FS wh a Rachel 1 The kids are given the dearest message that the imp E ees cial Rachel 2 The words the ideas are abstract Middle school st Z mi Iili unintere
59. he PEK you wish a general Content pane you to copy E scholarly E wish to move FA esthetic cultural vw 5 Copy and Paste the highlighted categories in the Content pane of the source document into the believe about its concepts category and the complete categories array with all the associated prime categories content categories and content segments will be copied whole to the relevant place in the destination document Note that the believe about its concepts category has changed from a content category to a prime category and has several prime and content categories below it therefore unlike in the example above the software does not create a temporary category 86 E teachers approaches 1 fe particularistic Saco specific F cultural ti od techers content believes 1 A believes about contents relevant A H distance from students ie believes about contents relguan Paste pa The category Categories becomes an array copied from source indication document category In a similar way material can be moved from one Analysis document to another 87 CHAPTER 12 EXPORT FROM ANALYSIS DUCOMENTS TO WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE As explained earlier we can display analysis outcomes on the Display pane Using Narralizer we can export analysis results from the Display pane to an external destination in
60. he data in this way just as much as the researcher believes will represent the overall picture Categorization involves two processes 1 dividing the data into segments and 2 assigning segments to categories or groups albeit not in the same order of appearance in the source documents So far the procedure for creating categories out of the raw data has only involved dividing the data into separate segments bearing a temporary name We will now learn how the software creates categories A Review the temporary name of the segments in the Comments column of the Contents pane using the scroll bar to see all the segment names Segment Names Text g Students difficulties in light of school messages The kids are given the dearest message thal Messages coming from the society The children come with prejudice they get fri Students enjoy in elementary school In the third grade it s a story it s enjoyable The subject matter contains knowledge about heritage It s a common language for the Jew here ant J The subject matter is distant from the student The subjects are irrelevant to them in an emi it gt Note that you can read the entire segment if required and not just the segment name by following the instructions above 1 To read all the segments and their names use the Show sub tree command described earlier in Chapter 6 2 To only read some segments for example segments whose names do not describe th
61. highlighted FA The contextual issues E students attitudes Temporary teachers conceptions B categories we created The temporary category containing the data Note that in addition to the two sub categories we created a new category was also created in the example above Temporary teachers conceptions B This category stores all of the data segments It is a temporary category which will be deleted after the researcher has moved the data segments into the appropriate sub categories see below D Once you have create the Categories array in the Categories pane you may then place the data segments in the appropriate category When the cursor is pointed at the Temporary category in the following illustration Temporary teachers conceptions B the data segments and their temporary names will be displayed in the Content pane You may now take each segment and place it in the appropriate category There are two ways to do this by dragging and by Cut amp Paste To drag the data segment to the appropriate category Highlight the data segment in the Content pane in the next example Students difficulties in light of school messages and drag it using the cursor into the sub category where you wish to assign it in our example Contextual issues 2 Drag data segment over to appropriate category 54 1 Highlight data segment oJ teachers conceptions B Bl The context
62. i Click right arrow Personal journal to show key word Phenomenology l Physical education list Policy research Postmodernism Postmodermism Open file Practical knowledge Practicum a fa erine Professionalism J one Qualitati h anizing Forts Qualitative researc ae eda ck ui 7 When all items for the bibliographic source are entered in the New text source box click OK and the source details will appear in the Content pane thus Code Name Key words Text A EElSruner 1985 narrative qualitative research teacher knowledge and thinking 97 There are tv 4 4 il gt 103 Similarly the researcher can introduce an unlimited number of sources Sources are listed in alphabetical order in the Auxiliary pane and in the Code Names pane in the upper section of the Work Screen as shown below Narralizer Sources Document Bibliography 1 File Edit View Action Window Help D ce helt GS ee Ball amp Cohen 1999 a Ball amp Feiman Nemser 198 oo See Ball amp McDiarmid 1988 ey appear in the Ball 1996 top section of the Bartell 1990 Work Screen 8 Data identification and retrieval from the bibliographic database As noted earlier all bibliographic data relating to your research project are stored in a Narralizer document in the main category in the Categories pane in the example below the Bibliography category When this category is highlighted
63. ide EE Ball amp McDiarmid teacher thinking and knowledge qualitative research EElgal amp Feiman Ne qualitative research teacher education teacher knowledge and thinking Teacher s guit EElgall amp Cohen 1999 Teacher knowledge Teacher education EElgartell 1990 Action research case method teacher education EElpeattic 1987 evaluation teacher education EElgeattie 1995 narrative research teacher knowledge and thinking EElpesttic 19958 narrative teacher education teacher knowledge EElpengtson 1995 reflection teacher knowledge and thinking EElBen Peretz 1990 curriculum teacher education 4 When both documents the bibliographic source document and the literature review document are open either one on top of the other in Cascade mode or one next to the other in the researcher can examine the literature review and find and mark bibliographic items that are relevant In the example below Agar 1980 is relevant to the literature review 107 Sources Document Bibliography 1 EE Ackerman Jewish education EE Adler 1991 teacher education teacher knowledge and thinking teache Agar 1980 research ethnography EE Alexander Jewish education Philosophy EE Alexander Jewish education research Teachers knowledge and thouc EE Alexander Jewish education professionalism qualitative reseasrch te El Anfara eta Generalization Qualitative research
64. ist of The subjects are irrelevant to them in an emotional sense why sub cases would a child be interested in the destruction of the Temple How can they identify with a people from whom they are removed by age and time lf Automatic text paste D Click OK to add data segment to Narralizer s data pool When you have added the data segment to the data pool the name of the sub case will be shown in the Content pane the long pane at the top of the Work Screen under the Sub case column in our example Sharon 1 A green hatched square will appear next to the name of the sub case This is the text segment icon The initial words of the data segment can be seen in the text column in the Content pane allowing us to identify the segment 31 Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help Yc amp BS 5 Pz Z E da x El A t Sub cases Sharon 1 teachers approachs E Students attitudes Ej enjoy E when teachers interested them H in elementary school H sacred E criticism ES uninterested The subjects are irrelevan Sub case name Opening words students difficulties 9 intelectual accomp anied by of the text E language sub case icon segment A Pirior knowledge Highlighted category to which text segment is being added E Use the same method to assign additional text segments to categories and insert them in their correct location
65. l approach Literature review document 3 Identifying relevant bibliographic sources Now that the two documents are stacked behind each other we can move the bibliographic data from the database document to the literature review document The researcher s bibliographic database may contain a large number of items not all of which 106 are relevant to the literature review The researcher must therefore identify those that are relevant To decide which material is relevant look through the Content pane of the bibliographic database document containing the alphabetical list of bibliographic items The important subjects in each item appear in the Key words column The researcher can identify relevant items by their Key words In the following example the researcher wishes to find items concerning qualitative research To explain the steps involved the bibliographic items dealing with qualitative research and the relevant key words have been marked with arrows Note these arrows are not part of the software Code name Key words ER Atkins 1986 curriculum deliberation teacher knowledge and thinking EE Atkinson amp Claxt Intuition Reflection Teacher education Teacher knowledge and thinking ER Atkinson 2000 Professionalism Image Intuition Mentoring Reflection Teacher education Teacher EENBack 1999 2 constructivism Teacher education EElgall 1996 curriculum teachers gu
66. lect this in the organization of the Categories array Steps involved A The researcher decides that existing categories share common properties ull language C prior knowledge E criticism ES distance from students E school massage milieu The researcher finds that the categories language and prior knowledge share common properties 68 B Highlight the main category in the Categories pane containing the categories to be placed in a new main category The categories are now displayed in the Content pane C In the Content pane highlight the categories you wish to group under the new main category Highlight two or more categories using the Ctrl key _ teachers approachs Students attitudes enjoy E when teachers interested L tert H in elementary school ES sacred E uninterested students difficulties 1 Highlight TA intelectual the main ES language category E prior knowledge E criticism E distance from students 2 Highlight the categories you wish to group D After highlighting the categories right click the mouse to select Join Category click the Command Toolbar icon select Join Category in the Action menu Join Categories icon Name Description E language Ed prior knowledge E criticism Click Join Categories command Join Categories Cut Copy Click the Jom Categories c
67. m a hatched square to a folder However because we have only moved one content category and a prime category must have at least two sub categories below it the software will automatically create a temporary content category with the name of the prime category and a number 2 main Category that became an indication category 1 Highlight Indication L T specific 85 a techers content believes 1 Content category copied _ techers content believes Sen fbeleves about contents relevant SH distance from students 4H believes about contents relevant 2 E believes aboutits concepts Temporary category created 4 In the same way we can copy not only single categories but also groups of categories from one document to another To illustrate this the next example shows how to move the entire group of categories below the prime category knowledge in the source document to the believe about its concepts category in the destination document The procedure is the same as above Highlight the knowledge category you do not want to copy this category just the category beneath it Highlight the prime categories in the Content pane that you wish to copy using the Ctrl key category techers content believes 1 H particularistic N knowlege gt 2 Highlight C language categories El tert categories in t
68. main category B Dividing Sub Categories into Sub sub categories In the Categories pane the primary category represents the first level of the Categories array and the sub categories the second level Narralizer allows us to split categories into third fourth and fifth levels etc according to the analysis requirements In the categories array in the Categories pane each sub category second level can be split into sub sub categories third level This is identical to the procedure for splitting the primary category described above l Highlight the category you wish to split using the Split Category command see above Create two new sub categories and type their names The icon for the category that was split will be changed in the Categories pane in the example shown students attitudes and show a folder instead of a hatched square The icon in the Categories pane shows a closed folder and the sub categories that split from it are inside and do not appear The plus sign to the left of the folder indicates that the folder is closed as illustrated below 14 Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Acton Window Help O ce W E The split category Sub cases sub categories are teachers approachs not shown z 7 Students attitudes H students difficulties E Subject matter characteristics A In order to view the sub categories in the Categories pane click the squar
69. mary category into two sub categories we can now add more sub categories Highlight the category you wish to split into additional sub categories in the example below teachers approaches and right click Add Category use the Action menu or click the icon on the Toolbar Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help Cc le tt Sub cases E Bt teachers approachs eH Students attitud FA students difficuli Highlight the category you wish to split into sub categories Collapse Category Add Category 6 Add Category opens a new dialogue box Type the name of the new sub category in the upper text box Name New 5ub Category for category teachers approachs Type Name name of 2 Subject matter characteristics Cancel additional a sub Comments category Click OK and the new sub category will be added to the Categories window 13 Note that when a category is split its icon changes from a hatched square to a folder The sub categories icon is now a hatched square Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Action Window Help Image for category being DEH split a file Sub cases AH Students attitudes E students difficulties H Subject matter characteristics Sub categories symbol a lattice You can thus add split as many sub categories as you need to the
70. matter contains knowledge about heritage Students The subject matter is distant from the student attitudes The list of segments to be sorted can contain dozens or hundreds of names C All the data segments are stored in the main category of the Analysis Document This category must now be split into sub categories that is the families discussed above To save the initial list of data segments in case they are needed in future and to speed up the analysis procedure in the research database we suggest using the Save as function see Chapter 1 In order to change the name of the Analysis document we need to change the name of the main category even a minor change such as adding a word number or data will suffice The old document is saved under its original name 53 In the example below we have called the new document Teachers conceptions B which is of course the name of the main category containing the data segments we assigned to the category We will now split the main category using the Split Category command see Chapter 2 This command opens two boxes in which you type the names of the two sub categories Similarly we can add as many sub categories as we like using the Add category see Chapter 2 The following screen is then displayed O iw ed t Sub cases ae The sub E teachers conceptions B Data segments appear in the Content pane when the name of the temporary category is
71. n in the above illustration Narralizer Work Documents A Analysis Document The analysis document is created using the Narralizer software It stores all data analyzed according to the Analysis Categories When you open the software a new document labeled Narralizer 1 will appear in the Categories pane additional new documents will be labeled Narralizer 2 Narralizer 3 etc The name of the Analysis Document carries the same name as the first category and may be changed at any time You can name the first category and the Analysis Document by changing the temporary name Narralizer 1 Changing the temporary name is the same as the Windows environment l To rename a document place the cursor on the temporary name of the document Narralizer 1 or use the File menu as illustrated below Narralizer Narralizer 1 Fie Edit View Action Window Help Temporary document name Sub cases iE Marralizer Sub cas Expand UD CAE Add Text Segment Split Category Show Sub Tree Cut Copy Rename Rename Rename Sub cases Move Up Move Down Propertes Zi When you select Rename the Save as dialog box will appear In the upper section under Save in indicate the folder where you wish to save the Analysis Document You can save the Analysis Document in either a new or existing folder together with other documents 3 Type the document name in the lower section of the dialog box i
72. n parallel The easiest way is to place one document under the other In the example below two documents are displayed on the screen one under the other This allows the user to move easily between them without closing or minimizing the documents When the cursor is located inside one of the documents that document becomes the primary work document Analysis document 1 Description Students at E students ci E Subject ma Ed UI E uninterested 3 students difficulties intelectual FA distance from students school massage E Subject matter characteristics J values E universal FA particularistic 2ER knowlene t iiil Analysis document 2 2 Several documents can be placed side by side using the Cascade function in the Window menu The steps are as follows A Consecutively open the Narralizer documents you wish to work on In the example three documents are concurrently in use 80 B Position the cursor in one of the three documents and click Cascade in the Window menu Narralizer Narralizer1 File Edit View Action Wee E i db ead New Window me Cascade Cascade Sub cases Tile command Arrange Icons Narralizer 1 w 1 Narralizer1 C Cascade will arrange all of the open Analysis documents one on top of the other the example below shows three documents The documents can be moved maximized minimized and th
73. n the inner text box labeled File name The file extension nbr Narralizer Research Files appears automatically in the multiple selection inner box marked Save as located beneath the document name Please do not alter this file extension Note too that the extension nbr is the extension for Narralizer analysis files just like Word documents have the file extension doc There is no need to type this extension because it appears automatically Save As Save in 4 My Computer lt Local Disk C Select the directory eee Drive D where you wish to 52E Shared Documents save your file Ashi s Documents Desktop My Documents Type name of om analysis document gs My Computer My Network Save as type Naralizer Research Files nbr Cancel Places Bear in mind that one analysis document can contain all the data analyzed for the research project However researchers can also create several analysis documents for one research project For example each analysis document could contain the analysis data for a specific sub case or specific topic and therefore a single research project might require several analysis documents As we shall see the user can combine several analysis documents or split one analysis document into several documents B Data document besides the analysis document in which the units of textual analysis are sorted the analysis is also based on data documents
74. nd using it to write a literature review Website www narralizer com Information and Sales narralizer gmail com Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING THE SOFTWARE ccc cece eons 3 CHAPTER 2 CREATING A CATEGORIES ARRAY ce eees 10 CHAPTER 3 ORGANIZATION OF DATA USING THE SOBT WARE Ssccwssvcessciescsenevectassactastaniecessesotstsessem 18 CHAPTER 4 ENTERING DATA IN THE CATEGORIES ARRA Y oorspan rorta un Er sites simasacereansesos nes testaenesees 27 CHAPTER 5 DISPLAYING THE PROPERTIES OF CATEGORIES AND DATA SEGMENTS siscssansesdossesteseesanwerssccceseces 33 CHAPTER 6 PRESENTING AND PRINTING THE ANALYZED DATA ARRAY CHAPTER esseseseccccesesececoesesecee 38 CHAPTER 7 CREATING A CATEGORIES ARRAY FROM THE RAW DATA seeriana ek 48 CHAPTER 8 CHANGING THE EXISTING CATEGORIES ARRA Y nanena EE E cane nuudustecacaeae 56 CHAPTER 9 SPLIT AND MERGER OF ANALYSIS DOCUMENTS 72 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 15 WORKING WITH SEVERAL ANALYSIS DOCUMENTS NE CINCH sorosiane aa a Ra 79 TRANSFERRING ANALYSIS SEGMENTS FROM ONE ANALYSIS DOCUMENT TO ANOTHER 83 EXPORT FROM ANALYSIS DUCOMENTS TO WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE ccceeeeeee 87 SEARCH cisasacsicacceutcsiatesucetatacsiwastesimieouseeassecuawnss 89 CREATING THE RESEARCH SOURCES DATABASE siisissciec acinaaesneassetskasevewcacsesmessenes useapeveonseas 92 STORING BIBLIO
75. nintereste 9 students diffi 1 Delete V as required Place cursor on Show options command Note as long as the v for the Show text and Show comments is present or deleted the command will automatically apply to every display you request To restore the default repeat the above steps and use the cursor to restore the v to the two boxes 48 CHAPTER 7 CREATING A CATEGORIES ARRAY FROM THE RAW DATA Chapter 2 explains how to insert categories in the analysis document This is useful when the researcher lacks a particular category array or does not wish to base the research on a particular category array wishing instead to create it from the data The software allows this to be done You can begin developing the category array from the data once you have organized the data in Sub cases see Chapter 3 Open an analysis document The temporary name Narralizer 1 is replaced with the name of the main category of the analysis and the names of the Sub cases are entered into the analysis document see Chapters 2 and 3 above This procedure involves two steps I Division of the data into segments and assigning each segment a temporary name II Organization of the data segments into categories I Dividing the data into segments and assigning each segment a temporary name I Division of the data into segments and assigning each segment a temporary name A The analysis begins with the data document The firs
76. nts Narralizer allows you to merge several Analysis documents into one Analysis document in other words you can import data from several Analysis documents into one Analysis document Note that the method of merging Analysis documents only applies when the two documents we are merging have the same categories array or at least an array that is mostly the same The method is as follows 1 Open the Analysis document to which you wish to add another document and click the Merge command in the File menu Narralizer Sharon 1 SEN Edit View Action Window Help Ctrl4Nn New Open cirl o SU Close Save ctrl4 s save AS Export Merge command Divide Delete Rename 2 An Open box will appear Use the Look in pane in the upper section of the box to find the Analysis document you wish to add to the Analysis document you are working on and highlight it The document name appears automatically in the bottom section of the box in the File name pane 75 e a Backup of teachers approachs 1 e Highlight _ 3 Backup of teachers conceptions al Rachel the relevant ppe document a teachers approachs 2 teachers conceptions a teachers conceptions 2 The document name will appear automatically 4 Click Yes to open the Save As box Type the name of the merged document and assign it to the appropriate folder Sav
77. ob Year 1 Jacob Year 2 Isaac Year 1 etc Sub case group this refers to a group of several sub cases For example all sub cases for one subject are grouped as a group of sub cases Jacob Isaac etc l Entering names of sub cases in the Analysis Document In the previous chapter we described how to enter the name of the case or primary category in the Analysis Document We will now describe how to enter the names of the sub cases The following steps are taken 19 A Open File menu and click on Sub cases Narralizer Two teachers 1 Slee Edit View Action Window Help New Ctl hy _ s Open Ctrl o0 24 Close al Save Cirl 5 Save As Export Merge Divide Delete Rename Sub cases Sub cases groups Rename sub cases B A box opens In the upper window of the box type the sub case name Sharon 1 in the example below in other words the data for the subject Sharon in Year 1 of the study Sub cases Enter sub case name C Click Add to add a sub case to the Sub case list in the Analysis Document in the large pane of the box Enter the remaining sub cases and the following will appear Sub cases Delete Rachel 1 Rachel 2 List of Sub cases Sharon 1 Sharon 2 20 To delete one or more of the sub cases place the cursor on the name in the list that you wish to delete in the large pane of the dialog box
78. ommand to open the Join Categories box In the Name rectangle in the upper pane of the box type the name of your new main category 69 Join Categories Students knowledge Cancel e Comments Type name of new main category W Keep subtree structure E Click OK to complete the procedure The highlighted categories are now grouped in a single Categories pane under the new main category The content categories are under the prime category that you created The content categories are under the new main category and may be revealed by clicking the square at the right of the prime category or clicking the Expand command which changes the sign in the square to a sign The new main category that was created E students difficulties lt intelectual E critidism students knowledge H language A prior knowledge ES distance from students E school massage milieu Categories under the new main category 11 Combining several content categories into one content category Sometimes the researcher may wish to combine one or more content categories into a single category The procedure for this is principally similar to the procedure for creating a main category from existing categories see previous section but with one difference that is explained below The following steps are required 70 A In the Categories pane highlight the prime category which contains the con
79. one after the other A New Text Segment box reopens each time showing the data segment copied from the original data document The name of the sub case placed in the box automatically appears in the sub cases pane This makes it much easier to work since researchers generally work continuously on the data for the same sub case However it is important to remember that when changing to data from another sub case you must change the sub case name by displaying the list of sub case names and clicking the relevant name New Text Segment for category distance from students Ea New sub OK Sub case CaSe name Cancel Comments Comments pane The kids are given the clearest message that the important subjects are math English and reading and only those subjects turn up on the schedule in the first morning periods IM Automatic text paste 32 All New Text Segment boxes have a Comments pane to record comments regarding the data text memos segment abstract researcher s notes F Click OK to assign the segment to the relevant location in the analysis software The icon indicating a new segment will appear in the Content pane displaying the new segment name in this case Rachel 1 Sub cases Rachel 1 citdsm E uninterested students difficulties 2 intelectual A language A pirior knowledge A Eae E school massage The subjects are irre The kids are given t
80. or the bibliographic source for easy location when needed We suggest using the surname s of the author s and the publication year In the next example we used Jerome Bruner s article from 1985 and gave it the Code name Bruner 1985 101 New text source for category Bibliography Shortened Pues bibliographic TEENE a source title Bruner 1985 Full name Bruner Jerome 1985 Narrative and A 4 In the Text pane type in the source abstract or your remarks regarding the source content whichever is appropriate to your requirements and work style Text Open file gt 97 There are two modes of thought each meriting the status of a natural kind Each provides a way of ordermg experience of constructing reality and the two are irreducible to one another Each AM also provides ways of orgamizing representation m memory and of filtering the perceptual world Efforts to reduce one mode to the other or to ignore one at the expense of the other mvitably fail to capture the rich ways in which people know and describe events around them Each of the ways of knowns moreover hg atins principles ot its own and its own criteria of well formedness But Source abstract or remarks 5 In the Key words pane type the key words for the article The purpose of key words is to remind us which concepts appear in the bibliographic source Researchers can create a list of key words as they wo
81. original document with the additional wording Backup of When you reopen the analysis document be sure to open the original document and not the file which says Backup of If you open the backup copy it becomes the original document and the backup copy that is made of it will say Backup of Backup of This can create confusion and a loss of control of the system for saving analysis documents Cut Copy Paste Narralizer allows you to Cut Copy Paste different parts of the analysis document in the same way as you with a word processor This is achieved by clicking the Edit menu right clicking the Toolbar icon or pressing Ctrl V Paste Ctrl C Copy or Ctrl X Cut Narralizer Narralizer 1 File Edit View Action Window Help D ce bel Pi Undo Redo To undo an action click Undo on the Edit menu or click the Undo icon The Undo command is accompanied by a description of the action to be undone in the illustration below the action to be undone is the Add Category command You can also give Undo command by clicking the icon on the right side of the Toolbar Pointing the cursor at the undo icon on the toolbar reveals which action will be undone File View Action Window Help e ee ae T Z EF k Ado Undo add category Ctrl z Sub ca 0905 Using Undo command in the Edit menu Similarly Redo will replace the action undone by the Undo command Undo and Redo can
82. other words to a document from which you can print the analysis outcomes or work on them further in the post analysis stage All or part of the analysis can be exported to a Word Processing document word rtf The procedure is as follows A Carry out the Show sub tree steps described in Chapter 6 This has two stages 1 Highlight the category prime or content in the Categories pane whose data you wish to export as a Word document 2 Carry out Show sub tree steps The Display pane will display the data you wish to export as a Word document B When the Display screen contains the data you wish to export to the word processor open the File menu and click Export a Edit View Action Window Help New Ctrl e E P Oh Open Ctrl A 1 Display data Description Save As for export Ej Students attitudes students difficulties Fz Subject matter c Merge Divide 2d Prior Knowleage Sub cases Sharon 1 pirior knowledge nam The words the ideas are abstract Middle school students level of abstraction is not the highest so it creates frustration Ari 1 pirior knowledge Print not everyone can get close to a text like this for them is like Chinese Print Preview 2 b distance from students Print Setup Sharon 1 distance from students l ahas approachs The subjects are irrelevant to them in an emotional sense why would a child be interested in 88 C When y
83. ou click Export the Save As box will open In the upper pane of the Save As box enter the name of the directory where you wish to save the Word document you have created The bottom section of the box contains two panes In File name type the name of the document you wish to save In the lower pane Save as type the rtf suffix Rich Text Format appear automatically Do not change this suffix Click Save to save the Word document as an rtf file This document can now be used as a word processor work document All or part of the document can now be printed as required Save As Save in P My Computer ka t E E7 1 Click the A TR Fo 2 DVD RAM Drive D dir ector y 2 Shared Documents into which O Ashi s Documents you wish to save the document 2 Name document 98 My Computer teachers approachs My Network Save as type Rich Text Format Files tf hd Cancel File name You now have a Word document in rtf format which can be converted into any word processing document The document you have created can be used for all research needs and text can be changed introduced and of course printed 89 CHAPTER 13 SEARCH The Narralizer software can conduct complex search functions and searching for up to three expressions at a time The researcher can search via the Categories pane or the Display pane When the cursor is in one of these panes a search c
84. ox confirm cancel action Are you sure that you want to delete the segment 4 Changing data segment text Even when a data segment has been introduced into the software and is in the right place you can still delete or add to the text You do this via the Properties function described in Chapter 5 When the Text Segment Properties box opens text can either be added by typing in new text or you can copy or move the text using the Paste command Comments and memory aids can also be typed in the Comments pane If you wish to remove part of the data segment highlight the section you wish to delete and use the Cut function as explained below Text Segment Properties General Sub case paa S Comments and memos may be typed in the Comments pane The words the ideas are abstract Middle school students level of abstraction is not the highest so it creates frustration The frustration leads to lack of motivation and of lwillingness to work at it It s hard for them to grasp concepts that aren t part of their daily i e structure of the text itself is important is communicates a whole world 3 Click OK to close box and confirm change 61 5 Copying data segments from one category to another As its name indicates the Display pane is where the analyzed data is displayed It cannot be used for analyzing or changing the existing categories array However
85. rk or use existing ones The procedure for entering key words for a source document was explained in the last chapter When the key words have been entered the screen looks like this Key words narrative qualitative research teacher knowledge and thinking Key words of the bibliographic source 102 6 Narralizer enables the researcher to create a list of key words which can be applied to all bibliographic sources This function allows you to add new key words to a constantly growing list of key words and creates a uniform set of criteria for identifying bibliographic sources naturally it allows you to retrieve bibliographic items by topic Type the name of the key word in the top pane and click Add to automatically add the key word to the specific bibliographic source and the total keywords list Existing key words may be used for new bibliographic items Click the right arrow on the Key words pane to see whether a term is already listed If it is highlight the term to place it in the key words pane then click Add to assign it to the new bibliographic item To find a term or nearby terms type the first letter of the key word in the top pane in the example below narrative was chosen from the list of key words When the key word is highlighted it appears automatically in the Key words pane Key word Key words pane Narrative Narrative analysis Novice and experienced teachers Paradigm
86. ry from ES criticism z HM students knowledge lt f distance from students E school massage where you wish to move the data segment B Highlight the data segment and drag it to a different category or Cut amp Paste The segment is now in this category and has been deleted from its original category in the following example the data segment was dragged into the sacred category teachers approachs A Students attitudes enjoy E when teachers interested H in elementary schog criticism E uninterested If you wish a data segment to be in both the source category and a second category you must duplicate the segment This resembles the action described above but instead of dragging or cutting the data segment we Copy amp Paste You can also delete a data segment in a given category using the Delete command A In the Content pane highlight the icon for the data segment you wish to delete The segment may either be deleted using the delete command in the Edit menu or by right clicking the mouse or by clicking the delete icon in the Command Toolbar 1 Open the box using the Properties command 2 Mark the text to be deleted and give the Cut command 60 2 Click the Delete icon 1 Highlight the segment you wish to delete In the third not everyo B An alert box opens asking you to confirm cancel the Delete command Alert b
87. s later 96 Shortened title of the GAHE ALE source Code name Key words Rita interview 1 Research project name Teachers approaches Rita Treschapter has a unified structure but has a distinct division into two par Boaz One part is hospitality Rita Hospitality is the theme of the whole chapter What ts the first part 4 Click OK to add the source to the software database In the Content pane the source name appears in the column marked Code name and the opening words of the text appear in the Text column Note that the Text source icon in the Content pane is the image of an open book in contrast to the text segment icon which is a hatched square Narralizer Sources Document Teachers approaches sources 1 File Edit View Action Window Help co He oe ill l oma ii hil Code Names Rita Interview 1 Code Name Groups EF gaia X g A Teachers approaches sources ER Rita interview 1 Rita The chapter has a unified stri Text source icon Pis 5 Add new sources using the same method Name each source and type it in the Code name pane in the Text source box as shown below 97 Narralizer Sources Document Teachers approaches sources 1 fe File Edit View Action Window Help ia FE Code Names Rachel interview Code Name Groups Pe Pex Ss B 2 o zes l 5 A Teachers approaches sources Code nam
88. s used The Find function which was explained in detail in Chapter 13 can be used in the bibliographic sources document in exactly the same way Click Show sub tree to display the bibliographic sources document on the Display Screen When the text appears on the Display Screen locate relevant bibliographic segments using the Find function 1 3 expressions at a time In the example below three expressions were sought school teacher and student and are highlighted in the text 4 I gt variety of teachers The one is the musmach a graduate of an Ortodox rabinical has opted for teaching career the other is the Israeli The yeshivah graduate at his bestis a genuine religious personality dedicated to a way of life consonant with the Halacha the Israeli at his best is a fervent nationalist consumed by love of land and language Obviously both are worlds removed from their Students makingeffective communication very difficult There are yeshivah graduates and Israelies in American school who are successful teacher by any accepted standard If they are able to transmit their own belief to their students then they cannot but alienate the youngesters from their own families and backgrounds When the MAENE mute real belief whether at the suggestion of the school he loses his integrity and with it the capability to expert any real influence Today s more and more youngester may see the Ye
89. see Chapter 6 The left side of the box lists all the Sub cases and Sub case groups in the source document you wish to split Highlight the Sub cases or Sub case groups you wish to place in a different document and use the top arrow between the two panes to move the highlighted Sub cases into the right hand pane 73 Select Sub cases Subcases Grous 1 Highlight the Sub Click Use selected cases in the command bottom or top pane that will form the new document Sharon 1 Sharon 2 3 Click Use selected to open the Save as box Type the name of the new document in the box there is no need to add the suffix nbr as this is added automatically and place the document in the appropriate folder Save As 1 Place document in folder Save in 5 Guide 4 Backup of teachers approachs Fa Backup of teachers conceptions Fa teachers approachs 4 teachers conceptions Fa teachers conceptions 2 2 Name new document My Network File name Rachell d Places Save as type Naralizer Research Files nbr Cancel 74 4 Click Save to save new document with the name you assigned This saves the original contents of the document from which the new document was split including the Sub cases which are also contained in the new document We have now two documents the new document and the original document B Merging Analysis Docume
90. shivah graduates or Israelies as just the sort of off beat characters who hold certain romantic attraction in our time The American Jewish community has never been able to produce a sufficient number of native born Matiis and has always been depended upon outside sources of supply The number of those who do begin to teach have no intention of remaing in Jewish hgt 110 Segments can now be examined to determine their relevance to the literature review If a segment is relevant copy it from the Display Screen using Copy then click on Add Text Source to assign it to the appropriate category bibliographic subject in the Category pane of the literature review 10 After assigning all relevant segments to the categories bibliographic subjects and arranging them in the necessary order for the literature review click Show sub tree to view the bibliographic segments on the Display Screen The Export function will now export these segments to a Word document and the material is ready for the final processing of the literature review
91. stec students difficul 2 intelectual Cut E criticism E student FA distance fro E school mass _J milieu Rename E home A society Show Sub Tree Copy ates 2 Rename Rename Sub cases 25 B Clicking the Rename sub cases command opens a dialog box with this name Find the name of the sub case Sharon 1 in the example below you wish to rename using the arrow in the upper pane Write the new name of the sub case in the bottom pane Teacher 1 in the example below C Click OK to replace old name with new Rename sub case fx Cancel Find the name of the target sub case Sub case to rename Sharon 1 2 Write a new name to the sub case If the sub case you rename appears in several Analysis Documents be sure to rename them in all the Analysis Documents Merging Sub cases In the course of your research you may wish to add two or more sub cases to a single sub case that will bear the name of one of them in other words you are adding one sub case to another The principle underlying this action is similar to renaming a sub case see section above The action involves the following steps A Use the Rename sub cases command as described in the last section B Find the name of the sub case you wish to rename using the arrow in the upper pane of the Rename sub cases dialog box C Use the arrow in the bottom pane of the Rename sub cases dialo
92. sted i x 2 students difficulties why save the Jews Nom the Holocaust 2 1 intelectual 2 b distance from student E language E pirior knowledge Sharon 1 distance from students E criticism The subjects are irrelevant to them in an emotional sense why would a child be interested in 2 Highlight the category in the A distance from students 4 school massage milieu the destruction of the Temple How can they identify with a people from whom they are removed by age and time Rachel 1 distance from students The kids are given the clearest message that the important subjects are math English and 7 ania A EE reading and only those subjects turn up on the schedule in the first moming periods Categor 16S zy Rachel 2 distance from students pane that A isti The words the ideas are abstray _ Waddle school students level of abstraction is not the Jaaa highest so it creates frustration contains the 5 aie 2 c school massag segment 1 Locate the segment you wish to move or edit D Having identified the segment and its location in the Categories pane and the Content pane we can now carry out any of the actions described above or below 10 Creating a new main category for existing categories If the researcher decides that existing categories share certain common properties he may decide to create a main category from an existing category and ref
93. students At this stage all of the data segments are contained in the temporary category and the two new categories contain no data segments students difficulties a intelectual ull HE citasm Category that was E SAIE BEE Temporary split and became an SE a categor P aa C Temporary distance from students Bt y indication category E formal relationship containing data E seperation Se gments EJ school massage The two new categories 2 Changing an existing category name At the analysis stage the researcher may decide that a category name does not reflect its content and wants to change the name without changing the segments inside This is achieved as follows A In the Categories pane highlight the name of the category you wish to change then use the File menu or right click the mouse to mark select the Rename command 58 E criticism Si uninterestec 59 students difficult intelectual add Category E languagg add Text Segment E pirior kne Split Category FA distance fror N E school massa 2 milieu E home Cut E society Copy Subject matter d ii 1 Highlight the category Expand Show Sub Tree 2 Select Rename values E universa Delete E particula Saa l knowlege Rename Sub cases specific Binme In B When you select Rename a rectangle appears around the category title where you should type
94. t step is to read the data document and divide it into segments Next look for segments which form units of meaning in other words segments discussing a certain topic Use the cursor to highlight these segments in the source document The background of the highlighted segment is darkened and the segment can be copied see Chapter 4 for details of how to highlight and copy text B Turning to the analysis document highlight the name of main category in the Categories pane in the example below the category is teachers conceptions Click Add text segment Do this by placing the cursor on the category and right clicking the mouse Alternatively use the Action menu or click the Add text segment icon pointing to the icon displays a description of its action see below 49 Click Add text segment Highlight main category ralizer teachers conceptions 1 Edit View Action Window Help Add text segment teachers conceptions Sub case Comment C Click Add text segment to open the New Text Segment For Category dialog box and display the document name in the box title When the dialog box opens the segment that was marked and copied is displayed automatically see illustration Bear in mind that the last segment highlighted when the Cut or Copy function was used will always appear automatically If you forget to Copy the relevant segment in the source document the dialog box will show the last segment
95. tem of main categories based on an existing categories array and organizes them into a different categories array To move analysis segments between documents Open two analysis documents side by side the source document from which you will export analysis segments and the new document into which you will import analysis segments there are three ways of doing this see previous chapter 1 Name the new document for naming a main category see Chapter 2 and then create the main categories for the new document in the example two main categories were created neither of which derives from the source document Narralizer techers content believes Be Ol dq File Edit View Acton Window Help Oe amp BB ja Pa E D Analysis document teachers approachs 1 T teachers approachs A 66 99 _ 9 Students attitudes New document name H believes about its relevant E believes about its relevant E believes about its concepts ES believes about its concepts G N ew 9 Analysis document Main categories of new document 84 2 Now we want to move categories from the source document to the destination document the new Analysis document In the example below it seems appropriate for the distance from students content category to be below the believes about relevant content cate
96. tent categories you wish to combine The content categories are displayed in the Content pane see previous section B In the Content pane highlight the content categories you wish to combine same procedure as in the previous section teachers approachs Students attitudes enjoy E when teachers interested E in elementary school E sacred E uninterested 2 students difficulties qua 2 Highlight 2 prior knowledge categories in E criticism the Content pane 1 Highlight main 4 intelectual E language categor uae pe E prior knowledge E criticism E distance from students C Clicking the Join Categories icon in the Command Ruler right clicking the mouse using the Action menu will open the Join Categories box same procedure as in previous section At the bottom of the box is a small pane labeled keep subtree structure which contains a Y Click on the label to cancel the v It is important to cancel the V because if it is not cancelled the content categories will not be merged into one content category but stay disconnected as separate content categories under a joint main indication category there may be times when we want this to happen see previous section above for procedure explanation Type the name of the new content category in the upper pane labeled Name Join Categories 2 Type new categ OLY students knowledge Cancel name Comments 71
97. tive analysis Next create the subsections for the literature review in the Categories pane split the main category as described in Chapter 2 Each subsection is a sub category in the example below there are 5 subsections 105 Name main category title of literature review axes Be lt am f Qualitative analysis E interprative approach l E critique approach E positivist approach H post positivist approach be H structural approach Split main category into sub categories names of subsections 2 Place the Narralizer document for the bibliographic database alongside the Narralizer document for the literature review We are now going to move the data from the database document to the literature review document we just created In order to move data from one document to another both documents must be positioned in the Work screen We do this by means of the Cascade function in the Window menu as explained in Chapter 10 and illustrated in the example below Bibliographic database document Jewish education teacher education teacher knowledge a EE Ackerman 1969 ER Adler 1991 Sources Document qualitative analysis 1 P qualitative analysis E interprative approach l interpr EA critique approach A cit sa critique H positivist approach EB positivi E post positivist approach m ian w E structura
98. tudes Level B ES enjoy when teachers interested then in elementary school FA criticism E uninterested students difficulties Scroll bar intelectual E language to display Level C E pirior knowledge categories categories that FA distance from students in the were not split E school massage pane 9 milieu E home E society Subject matter characteristics E values H universal E particularistic 2 knowlege C specific A general lt M gt Level C category that was split Note Eventually the category list will be larger than the Categories pane When this happens use the horizontal and vertical scroll bars to view all categories D Continuing to Split Categories As mentioned earlier the software can create as many categories as required For example you may split certain sub categories as far as Level E and leave other categories at Level C as shown in the following illustration 17 Level C unsplit categories J _ i d language ae E pirior knowledge H distance from students E school massage milieu Level D unsplit categories E scaly cy T Subject matter characteristics E a values o te Z universal A particularistic S Ti knowlege aj ir 1 Level C split category Level D split category Ti E ee istory E9 heritage lt i gt ES 18 CHAPTER 3 ORGANIZATION OF DATA USING THE SOFTWARE
99. tudes teachers role Rita The chapter has z All of the usual Narralizer functions presented in the previous chapters which are relevant to Source Documents are also applicable in this chapter The most important function and the reason why it is worthwhile storing Source Documents in the Narralizer software is the Find function As explained in Chapter 13 Narralizer provides a more sophisticated search mechanism than a word processor 99 CHAPTER 15 STORING BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA As we noted earlier Narralizer is excellent for organizing bibliographic data and rendering it instantly accessible for use in research work and when writing articles In order to create a bibliographic database we use the Text sources documents we created in Chapter 14 The current chapter contains two sections each concerned with the researcher s research requirements A Creating a bibliographic database B Using the bibliographic database to produce a literature review A Creating a bibliographic database 1 Open a Text sources document as explained in the previous chapter and give the document a name that indicates that the document is being used as a bibliographic database in the example below the name Bibliography was chosen When we select New in the File menu in order to create a new document a box tiled Research document automatically opens In order to retrieve a Sources document we must state this requirement specifically s
100. ual issues a Es students attitudes E Temporary teachers conceptions B Sub cae Comments Students difficulties in light of school messages Messages coming from the society 1 Miriam 1 Students enjoy in elementary school Miriam 1 The subject matter contains knowledge about herit Jacob 2 The subject matter is distant from the student a When we highlight the category to which the data segment was assigned the Content pane will display the segment belonging to that category as shown in the following illustration 2 Data segment displayed in Content pane 1 Highlighted category _ teachers con eptions The contextual issues EA students attitudes E Temporary teachers conceptions B Students difficulties in light of school messages Thus we can transfer the data segments to their appropriate categories until the Temporary category 1s empty and can be deleted by placing the cursor on it and pressing Delete This is how the screen appears at the end of the procedure the temporary category has been deleted The Content pane displays the icons of the segments stored in the highlighted category The two categories containing the data segments Ej teachers conceptions B E The contextual issues E students attitudes Jacob 1 Jacob 1 55 Researchers sometimes find it hard to decide where to place
101. ub cases_ for that group are highlighted automatically Sharon Z Ivf Show comments W Show text C Selective presentation of data array according to category In order to obtain a data array for certain categories but not others mark the categories which interest you and use the Show sub tree function described above When the box opens click Select all to obtain a selective data array Clicking an indication category folder icon will summon all data contained in the categories below it as shown in the example below 2 Give command Show sub tree Narralizer teachers approachs 1 Fie Edit View Action Window Help EF Sub cases i ce hd teachers approachs E Students attitudes J enjoy E when teachers inten H in elementary school E language E pirior knowledae E sacred intelectual Part of the data analysis uninterestec 1 language i students difficulties guag display intelectual i Rachel 2 language lan Ng The words the ideas are abstract Middle school students level of abstractio work at it Its hard for them to grasp concepts that aren t part of their daily lv 2 pirior knowledge category 43 A large number of data arrays can be presented consecutively in this way For example you can focus on a category and a specific sub case at the same time Clear Text View cancels the data array in the display
102. ument which refers to a document that was produced outside the software a word processor document internet text etc The data analysis can proceed effectively when the raw data interviews observations documentation etc and analyzed data are in two different types of documents and software However it is also possible to incorporate the raw data into the software alignment and there are at least two advantages to this I The researcher can organize data from different sources in a single unified database II The researcher has the benefit of using the Narralizer tools to examine the raw data chiefly via the Find function A Creating source documents with Narralizer Narralizer software produces two types of document the Research Documents e the analysis document which were discussed in the previous chapters and Sources Documents which are presented in this Chapter When we open Narralizer the software produces Research Documents as a matter of course However when we wish to start using Source Documents we have to give a special command The procedure is as follows 1 In the File menu click New The New box will open The New box contains two alternatives the Research Document and the Source Document The Research Document is highlighted as the default option To create a Source Document move the highlight to the next line so that Sources Document is highlighted as shown below
103. up sources according to different criteria for example content themes Remember that one source can appear in several different groups Bibliographic sources can be organized in several parallel bibliographic documents using the principles and methods described in the earlier chapters We can split and merge bibliographic documents as needed for example we can assemble all sources with the same key words on a given issue in a given document without removing them from the source document and so on B Using bibliographic data to create a literature review Using Narralizer we can not only store bibliographic data but use it to produce literature reviews for articles and research papers The greater the number of abstracts and quotations the researcher places in the software the more efficient it will be in producing literature reviews We will now suggest an approach for creating a literature review based on the analysis and assembly functions presented in the earlier in the Guide 1 Opening a document and establishing the bibliographic boundary for the literature review Open a Sources document by selecting New in the File menu see previous chapter Name the document and its main category The name should reflect the content of the planned literature review or any name you like The document name will be displayed as a main category in the Categories pane of the Work screen the main category in the example below is qualita
104. ve the content category criticism To do this highlight the prime category one level above it in this case student attitudes which causes the category one level below it to be displayed in the Content pane B Highlight the category in the Content pane upper right hand pane that you wish to move 64 1 Highlight the indication category above teachers approachs A Name the category we am fotudents attitudes g enjoy 2 Highlight the category you wish to move enjoy A sacred E when teachers interested H in elementary school Category you E sacred wish to move E criticism E uninterested E students difficulties wish to move E criticism E uninterested Ii C Drag the category from the Content pane to the Categories pane using the left mouse button and place it in the main category where you wish to relocate it Release the left mouse button to move the sub category to its new location under the indication category to which it was moved Alternatively use Cut amp Paste J teachers approachs Students attitudes enjoy EJ when teachers interested E in elementary school E sacred E criticism E uninterested students difficulties Si E pirior knowledge E distance from students gt 9 enjoy E sacred E uninterested The category has moved to another location If you wish to relocate a category and also k
105. you can copy data from the data display to other categories though it is not possible to add or delete segments inside the Display pane The steps for this are as follows A When reviewing the data displayed in the Display pane see Show sub tree command in Chapter 6 above you may decide that a particular segment relates to another category as well Highlight the segment in the Display pane and Copy B With the cursor highlight the category in the Categories pane to which you wish to assign the segment C Give the Add Text Segment command Narralizer teachers approachs 1 File Edit View Zita Window Help 3 Add Text ee ae EF da x ext Segment Segment si Split Category r enjoy Comment Text or Show Sub Tree sharon 1 The nhe 7 Fa sared Clear Text View HRachel 1 The kids 1 Highlight EA criticism Show options i the segment 2 Highlight unintereste Show sub cases you wish to the category aaa Move Up assign to an to which ie M ici binpag additional you wish to E pirior knowledge Mg Che words the ideas are abstract Middle schoo s category assign the i Hae eet Ecua he frustration leads t and Copy school massage willingness to work at it It s hard for them to grasp conca Ej milieu lives segment E home 2 a 2 pirior knowledge D A New Text Segment box opens containing your highlighted text Now ensure that the name o
106. zer Sources Document Teachers approaches sources 1 f File Edit View Action Window Help O lad gt EE T Document Code Names Code Name Groups name gt EE alee care o TaT A H Teachers approaches sources Code name B Incorporating external source documents into a Narralizer Source Document 1 Highlight the text of the external document or segments of the external text that you wish to incorporate into Narralizer and click Copy After copying the text we turn to the Narralizer document Place the cursor on the main category in the example the category is Teachers Approaches Sources and highlight the category Right click the mouse when the cursor is on the highlighted category see example below Alternatively in the Action menu click Add Text Source Narralizer Sources Document Teachers approac File Edit View Action Window Help D g W b E A wer bre EP Code Names Code Narr 1 Highlight the categor o amp Sory EF aa K Q where you 7 i y4 Teachers approaches sources Onde nama wish to assign Expand the sources 2 Highlight Add Text Source Add Text Source Split Category Show Sub Tree Cut Copy 95 2 Click Add Text Source to open the New Text Source for box This box has several panes The largest pane is the Text pane The copied text is automatically pasted to this window or Copy amp Paste

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