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Corvus 11AP manual

1. If you have one floppy drive the computer will direct you to insert BLANK then remove BLANK and insert APPLE1 then insert BLANK then APPLE1 again and again actually about 20 times until the floppy is copied and the computer tells you so with the message APPLE1 You now have a floppy copy Say it three times fast Now you know why Apple likes to call them diskettes if you have more than one floppy disk drive you will be spared the trouble of swapping floppies and in about two minutes you will have a backup copy of APPLE1 If you have trouble please refer to the Apple Pascal Reference Manual Sections 6 2 and 6 3 4 4 5 Now you have two identical floppies both named APPLE when the Filer copied APPLE1 onto BLANK it renamed BLANK Change the name of the new floppy to BRINGUP Use the FILER s C HANGE command From the FILER type C The FILER will respond CHANGE APPLE CHANGE TO WHAT BRINGUP APPLE gt BRINGUP if you have trouble refer to the Apple Pascal Reference Manual 4 4 6 Now you have two copies of APPLE1 and the new one is named BRINGUP The next step is to copy two files from the CORVUS PASCAL UTILITIES floppy supplied with your 11AP to BRINGUP the newly made copy of APPLE1 25 LOS CNRC Oe ee ae A TE Nr AT DUO ES Ob NT Hit CNE eee LIT LL te A T Fe ee eee ee Ee OT eee eee PE EPCOT A NET LIN ANNE RCE TE ISD TANTRA NT PNR CN 15 SRPMS EE ALES CALE E aie
2. VOLS ON LINE 1 CONSOLE 2 SYSTERM 4 CORVUS 1 9 name of floppy in floppy drive etc Note that the floppy is mounted on 9 NEW does not appear because it is not mounted 6 2 18 That completes the VMGR exercise The next sections describe the commands in detail 6 3 VMGR Commands This section consists of a detailed description of the Corvus Volume Manager commands 6 3 1 M OUNT The mount command assigns a volume to a specific unit volume num ber It is analogous to placing a floppy disk in the appropriate drive Apple Pascal restricts volumes to units 4 5 9 10 11 and 12 therefore only six volumes can be mounted at any time x A Corvus volume may be mounted on top of a floppy volume for example suppose a floppy is plugged into slot 4 drive 1 It would be unit 9 Ifa Corvus volume were mounted to unit 9 then the floppy would not be accessible any references to unit 9 would refer to the Corvus volume To access the floppy again simply U MOUNT the Corvus volume that is using the floppy s unit or move the Corvus volume to a different unit 42 6 3 2 U NMOUNT Unmount disassociates a volume from the unit on which it is mounted It is comparable to removing a floppy from a drive WARNING When you turn your Apple on it boots from the files on the disk If you unmount the volume that contains the boot files SYSTEM APPLE and SYSTEM PASCAL you will be unable to boot from the
3. disk You will then have to reconfigure the disk effectively losing all the data on it If you attempt to unmount this volume VMGR will warn you of the danger and give you a chance to change your mind 6 3 3 L IST Lists what volumes are on each disk in the system A typical listing might look like this CORVUS VOLUME DIRECTORY NAME LENGTH CORVUS1 1024 NEW 1024 TUNA 72 ACCTS3 1024 lt UNUSED gt 11104 DOSI 4680 lt OFFLINE gt lt OFFLINE gt lt OFFLINE gt WP L L L L L L 2 3 4 The listing tells us that drive 1 contains 5 volumes CORVUS1 NEW TUNA ACCTS3 and DOS1 TUNA is 72 blocks long DOST is 4680 blocks long and the others are each 1024 blocks long There are 11 104 empty blocks between ACCTS3 and DOS1 TUNA and ACCTS3 are write protected as indicated by the in the WP column The ADDR column gives the location block address at which each volume begins Note that the first 8 blocks on each drive are unavailable They are reserved for system use CORVUS1 is mounted on unit 4 NEW is on unit 9 and ACCTSS is on unit 12 DOS1 and TUNA were not mounted when the listing was made Drives 2 3 and 4 are offline that is not connected If they were connected their volumes would be listed 6 3 4 N EW Creates new volumes The N EW command asks for the name you wantto give the new volume the name must meet Apple Pascal volume name require ments and for its le
4. This manual is a superb way to get started in BASIC It provides fruitful hands on experience right away virtually guaranteeing a warm first experience with the computer More experienced computer people will benefit from this manual too as it provides a swift introduction to the Apple s unique features such as graphics 3 1 4 3 Applesoft Ii by Apple Computer copyright 1978 Apple product number A2L0006 The authoritative reference on Applesoft BASIC 1 4 4 Pascal User Manual and Report second edition by Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth copyright 1974 The authoritative reference on Pascal 1 4 5 Problem Solving Using Pascal by Kenneth L Bowles copyright 1977 An introduction to using computers in general and Pascal in particular 1 4 6 Apple Pascal Reference Manual by Apple Computer copyright 1979 Apple product number A2L0019 Describes Apple s version of Pascal 1 4 7 Apple II Reference Manual by Apple Computer copyright 1979 Apple product number A2L0001A Describes the Apple s hardware and firmware in considerable detail including full information on all past and present Apples and a rather extensive glossary 1 4 8 Apple Language System Installation and Operating Manual by Apple Computer copyright 1979 Apple product number A2L0024 1 5 Conventions e Angle brackets lt gt indicate certain special keys lt ctrl gt lt return gt lt esc gt and lt reset gt The Applesoft Tutorial describes t
5. BASICS configuration With this configuration you can use the Apple Pascal operating system or you can use the Apple DOS 3 2 system with either of the Apple BASICs You can switch back and forth between DOS 3 2 and Pascal and use both types of files BASICS only system The BASICS only system allows you to use Apple DOS 3 2 with either Integer BASIC or Applesoft BASIC but does not provide access to Pascal This system will work with any size memory that is it doesn t require 48K of RAM as does the Pascal configuration When you use the Corvus 11AP in this configuration it is identical to the Corvus 11A except that the 11AP MUST be plugged into slot 6 of the Apple If you decide to configure your 11AP as a BASICS only system then proceed to section 4 3 If Pascal is your choice go to section 4 4 20 4 3 Bringing Up BASICS only WARNING Configuring the system effectively removes all data from the drive If you ever decide to reconfigure the system with data already on the drive you must first backup your data 4 3 1 Turn the Apple and the Corvus 11AP off WARNING Never insert or remove cables or cards with the power on Serious damage to the Apple and the Corvus 11AP may result 4 3 2 Read about slots booting and configuring in section 4 1 if you haven t already The key point to understand is that the Apple will be booting from a disk In this procedure you will first boot from the floppy then use your Apple to
6. Since BOOT PREP saves all of RAM including the location that stores the default slot number when you boot the default slot number will be S6 Now suppose you want to make your system boot in Applesoft again with the default slot set to slot 4 the floppy 33 to change to Applesoft to load BOOT PREP from LOAD APPLESOFT BOOT PREP S6 pe the Corvus disk JCATALOG S4 to set the default slot to S4 to run APPLESOFT BOOT PREP WARNING You must run APPLESOFT BOOT PREP if you want the system to boot Applesoft and you must use BOOT PREP to get the system to boot Integer BASIC 5 1 4 What To Do If The Boot Doesn t Work The boot method used by the Corvus 11AP is simple and powerful because when you boot it gives your Apple the same exact system memory it had when you ran BOOT PREP or APPLESOFT BOOT PREP or your own boot preparing program But you can confuse it if you change your hardware configuration for instance if you remove the Applesoft ROM card or you change memory size When you boot the system hardware must match the hardware it had when you ran BOOT PREP If the system boots with a blank screen and won t respond to the keyboard it may be because the wrong language is enabled for instance ifthe switch on the ROM card is in the wrong position or if the wrong language is loaded into the Apple Language Card You can usually recover by pressing lt RESET gt Ina BASICS only system when the bo
7. You will see a in the WP column adjacent to CORVUS1 6 2 4 Remove the Write Protect from CORVUS1 W ENTER VOLUME NAME CORVUS1 CORVUS1 NOW UNPROTECTED 6 2 5 Use L to confirm that it worked 6 2 6 Create a new volume Called NEW N NEW VOLUME ENTER VOLUME NAME NEW ENTER LENGTH BLOCKS 1024 ENTER CORVUS DRIVE 1 4 1 ENTER ADDRESS BLOCKS 1032 40 LHB DHA TTT TT Notice that you did not have to type 1024 1 or 1032 VMGR typed those suggested responses for you and positioned the cursor at the beginning of the response When this happens you can simply press lt RETURN gt and VMGR will use the suggested response Or you can type another response and VMGR will use it 6 2 7 Type L to see your new volume listed L CORVUS VOLUME DIRECTORY WP NAME LENGTH ADDR ODRV UNIT CORVUS1 1024 ee 4 NEW 1024 1032 1 lt UNUSED gt 16880 2056 1 Note that NEW has no unit assigned to it because it has not been mounted 6 2 8 Mount NEW on the next available unit M MOUNT WHICH VOLUME NEW MOUNT NEW ON UNIT 12 NEW MOUNTED Note that you did not have to supply the UNIT because VMGR suggested the response 12 6 2 9 L to see the result NEW is now mounted on unit 12 6 2 10 Remove NEW R ENTER VOLUME NAME NEW OK TO DESTROY NEW Y Note that you must type Y to confirm that you really wanted to destroy NEW 6 2 11 Use L to see that
8. and more reliable than floppy disks It features read after write operation When you record data on the disk the 11AP automatically reads it back to make sure it was recorded perfectly This happens auto matically The result is flawless recording without human attention 0 2 How it Does It Your 11AP consists of a compact high speed disc drive a microprocessor based intelligent controller and a personality card that links the controller to your Apple The disk drive can store about eleven megabytes of unformatted data on two eight inch magnetic disks The information is stored on three sides of the disks The fourth side contains servo information magnetic traces that are used by the closed loop servo positioning mechanism to guarantee accurate positioning of the read write heads under all operating conditions While a floppy disk is flexible hence its name the disks in your 11AP are rigid hard disks The disk drive uses proven Winchester Technology that provides reliable dependable high density storage In a Winchester drive the read write heads do not touch the disk s surface Instead they are designed with a wing like shape that allows them to fly above the surface of the rapidly spinning disk riding on a cushion of air that suspends them approximately 18 microinches 0 46 um above the disk That s about a hundredth of the diameter of a human hair In a floppy the heads actually touch the floppy disks s surfa
9. as volume 1 The disk structure is described more completely in section 6 8 How the Corvus disk is organized 4 4 10 After PFORMAT finishes running the computer will say COMMAND E DIT R UN F ILE C OMP L IN and wait for a response You have successfully configured your Corvus 11AP Pascal system go to section 4 4 12 If after 70 seconds the above message has not appeared something went wrong Go to section 4 4 11 What If It Doesn t Work 27 ee ae eee woe ES 158 eS Loiret 4 4 11 What If It Doesn t Work If when you try to execute PFORMAT the system answers NO FILE PFORMAT CODE then check the contents of the BRINGUP floppy using the FILER s E command to be sure PFORMAT CODE and BOOT DATA are present If not go to section 4 4 6 If they are present go to 4 4 9 and try again lf PFORMAT simply doesn t work double check your cabling check to see that the correct files are on BRINGUP see section 4 4 7 especially the file BOOT DATA and carefully repeat the procedures 4 4 12 After you have successfully configured your 11AP disk drive rearrange the cards into their final configuration Here s how 2 First turn off the power to both your Apple and your 11AP Place the 11AP personality card into slot 6 making sure the flat cable exits gracefully no kinks in the cable through one of the slots in the back wall of your Apple Plug in your floppy controller cards If you have one
10. floppy controller plug it into slot 4 If you have two controllers i e more than two floppy drives plug the second controller card into slot 5 Arrange all the cables neatly and close your Apple 4 4 13 Power on the Apple and the Corvus drive After the Corvus drive comes up to speed about 15 seconds the computer will respond with something like this WELCOME BRINGUP TO U C S D PASCAL SYSTEM Il 1 CURRENT DATE is 26 JUL 79 Note that the computer booted itself from the Corvus drive not from the floppy Don t worry if the system revision number and the date are different 4 4 14 Try it This is a quick exercise to prove that the configuration went well and to give you a chance to play The display should look like this COMMAND E DIT R UN F ILE C OMP L IN Type F to get into the FILER Then type V to see a volume directory WARNING UNITS 4 amp 9 HAVE THE SAME NAME VOLS ON LINE 1 CONSOLE 2 SYSTEM 4 BRINGUP 9 BRINGUP ROOT VOL IS BRINGUP PREFIX IS BRINGUP The warning is there to remind you that unit 4 the Corvus drive and unit 9 the floppy both are named BRINGUP Since this is potentially dangerous remove the floppy after all you won t need it now that your Corvus drive is up Save the BRINGUP floppy in case you ever have to reformat the drive Now change the name of BRINGUP to CORVUS1 Be sure the floppy has been removed Use the FILER s C HANGE command CHANGE BRING
11. pins are squared off so the connector will only go in one way It will S snap in easily when it s positioned correctly WARNING S Your 11AP has been wired for the type of power used in the country E it was shipped to If you move your 11AP to a country with different z power specifications contact Corvus for instructions f N z s r 2 RS Kar 1 fe oe be ENS RURAL LE be P F Sl a a Omo a w EOT AD A ore Pew T CR ie AR E E E QE STE LA A Ur ar ae ee 7 REY Fae PL 8O0LY 09 VAKOSS LU ce si Seer AIN NOTE OUEST Dc cable connection at power supply Dc cable connection at drive PERLE EN PTE LT END EEE ES Teas 5 RE ne DEP Pee tN de hae ie ea A Pee at Ota 16 17 811118189 goon aaia set Phe TS 3 4 Final Check Your system should look like this Properly connected system 18 CHAPTER 4 GETTING STARTED CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM When you received your 11AP it was empty there was no information on the disk To make the system useful you must put Some special programs on the drive This is called configuring the system This section tells you how to configure your new Corvus 11AP It also tells you how to re configure a previously configured system something you may want to do someday for instance if you add Pascal to a non Pascal system You use your Apple to configure the new disk Here s how First you bring up your system normally
12. repeat section 4 4 6 lf the system files are not correct check your APPLE floppy All the files on APPLE1 should be on BRINGUP If not use the FILER to fix the problem or repeat sections 4 4 3 through 4 4 5 26 4 4 8 Turn on the Corvus disk drive The drive will make a chirping noise then that will dissolve to a windy purr These are the normal sounds of a healthy drive 4 4 9 Now it s time to write data to the Corvus drive Place the BRINGUP floppy that you have made into the floppy drive If you are in the filer type Q for QUIT You should see this COMMAND E DIT R UN F ILE C OMP L IN You should execute PFORMAT CODE Type X EXECUTE WHAT FILE PFORMAT PASCAL BASICS FORMATTER IT IS OK TO ERASE DISK Y N Y If the disk is not ready the program will say WAITING FOR CORVUS DRIVE TO BECOME READY Be sure the drive is on The drive takes 15 seconds to come up to speed When the disk is ready the program will continue taking about a minute OPENING FILE BOOT DATA WRITING BOOT TRACKS eeseeeceeer COPYING FLOPPY TO DISK 06 Here s what s happening Your Apple is running a Pascal program called PFORMAT CODE that prepares the Corvus drive for operation First it creates a boot area on the disk and fills the area with the information in BOOT DATA The boot data is used to boot your Apple when it is turned on Then PFORMAT copies the entire contents of BRINGUP onto the drive
13. respond P and your Apple will again boot Pascal You can make your Apple power on running a BASIC program by using SETBOOT to set for BASICS boot and following the procedure described in section 5 2 BASICS Turn key Systems You can make your Apple power on running a Pascal program by leaving SETBOOT configured for a Pascal boot and setting up Pascal to boot your program according to the procedure in Chapter 3 of the Apple Language System manual The procedure is to change the name of a tested code file to SYSTEM STARTUP and include it on the boot volume CORVUS1 When you boot the program will execute 48 WARNING if is very important that you test your boot program before you name it SYSTEM STARTUP If it bombs then your Apple will bomb every time you power on and you may be unable to recover Then you ll have to re format the disk and lose all your files The moral Back up your disk 6 8 How The Corvus Pascal BASICS Disk Is Organized The Corvus disk consists of eight blocks 4K Bytes of Cold Boot data followed by 18 928 blocks of user accessible space The Cold Boot data blocks were created by the program PFORMAT CODE that you executed when you configured the disk These blocks comprise a machine language program that is executed when you turn your Apple on or press lt RESET gt It normally causes your Apple to boot Pascal using the files SYSTEM APPLE and SYSTEM PASCAL that are lo
14. set up the 11AP disk drive with the data you will need to boot from it 2 4 3 3 Insert the Corvus personality card into slot 6 and the floppy drive controller into slot 4 If you have more than one floppy controller leave the others out for now 4 3 4 Turn on your Apple computer but not the Corvus 11AP Press lt RESET gt immediately after you turn your Apple on Depending on how your Apple is equipped the TV monitor will display a a gt or a followed by a flashing cursor 4 3 5 Place the SYSTEM MASTER DOS 3 2 floppy supplied with Apple DOS 3 2 into the floppy drive 4 3 6 Boot the Apple from that floppy by entering depending on which prompt you received remember that the gt andthe are prompt characters displayed by the computer you don t type them and remember to press lt RETURN gt After a few seconds the monitor should display something like this DISK 1 MASTER DISKETTE VERSION 3 2 16 FEB 79 COPYRIGHT 1979 APPLE COMPUTER INC followed by the Applesoft prompt and the cursor If you do not have Applesoft the message won t appear and the Integer BASIC prompt gt will appear if you have trouble refer to section 4 1 4 How To Boot or refer to the section on Booting DOS in Apple s DOS Manual 21 NOTE Your floppy controller must be equipped with a DOS 3 2 con trol ROM 4 3 7 If you have less than 32K bytes of RAM you cannot format the dis
15. storage capacity and data transfer speed of your Corvus 11AP Pascal BASICS mass storage system TRANSFER APPLE3 TO WHERE CORVUST1 TRANSFER SYSTEM APPLE N TRANSFER FORMATTER CODE Y APPLE3 FORMATTER CODE gt CORVUS1 FORMATTER CODE TRANSFER FORMATTER DATA 7 Y APPLE3 FORMATTER DATA gt CORVUS1 FORMATTER DATA and so on replying Y to the files you want transferred and N to the others You will reply N to SYSTEM APPLE then Y to all requests up to and including CALC CODE None of the files after CALC CODE should be transferred at this time After CALC CODE has transferred press lt ESC gt to terminate the transfer 4 4 16 4 Use the Filer s E command to see what s on CORVUS1 DIR LISTING OF CORVUS1 if you followed the procedures in this section exactly CORVUS1 will contain the following files not necessarily in exactly this order 30 a a SA LS a PS ee TAAA LR E Y ER 7 C7 54 PRES SEE RCE CR RE EE D ie N TAE 7 NT En LA CHAPTER5 USING YOUR CORVUS 11AP WITH BASICS This chapter assumes you are familiar with how your Apple with BASICS and the DOS 3 2 operating system works Please refer to Chapter 1 if you are not familiar with Apple DOS 3 2 This chapter describes how data is stored and files are manipulated using DOS 3 2 and the Corvus extensions These features can be used from DOS 3 2 whether it is part of a BASICS only system installed as described by secti
16. the next steps you will boot Apple Pascal normally using the floppy Then you will run a Pascal program that puts the Apple Pascal system programs plus some Corvus utilities on the Corvus drive Finally you will plug the Corvus 11AP into slot 6 From then on your Pascal system will automatically boot from the Corvus drive 24 nuance 4 4 2 Plug the Corvus 11AP personality card into slot 2 and the floppy controller into slot 6 This temporary setup will allow you to boot the Pascal system from the floppy drive 4 4 3 Place the APPLE1 diskette supplied with Apple Pascal in the floppy drive and turn on your Apple The system will load Pascal Normally with a single drive system you use the APPLE3 diskette to boot Pascal APPLE is for multiple disk systems which is what you are about to configure For more information read sections 6 2 and 6 3 of the Apple Pascal Reference Manual Apple number A2L0019 4 4 4 Use the Pascal Filer to copy all the files on APPLE1 onto a formatted blank diskette if you have never made a back up copy of a diskette please read section 6 2 3 in the Apple Pascal Reference Manual if you have these commands will refresh your memory They assume the back up floppy is formatted and is named BLANK You type F COMMAND E DIT R UN F ILE C OMP L IN FILER G S N L R C T D Q C 2 You type T TRANSFER APPLE1 TO WHERE BLANK TRANSFER 280 BLOCKS Y N Y
17. with the carriage locked WARNING Be sure the carriage is locked before you ship the drive 3 2 1 Study the carriage lock It helps to see how the mechanism works Look through the transparent top of the disk drive AAP AN Heads retracted indicating carri lock Components of Corvus 11AP Disk System g carriage lock engaged 8 9 CHH HED HHHH T Heads extended indicating carriage lock disengaged When you receive your 11AP the carriage lock is engaged clamping the heads in into their fully withdrawn position When you disengage the lock the heads will be able to move freely When the carriage is locked the heads will not move When the carriage is unlocked you can move the heads in and out by gently lifting one end of the drive or the other 3 2 2 To unlock the carriage Insert a screwdriver into the carriage lock hole Turn clockwise about 19 turns or until you feel some resistance If the screw does not turn easily STOP it may already be unlocked suQuusuQuauutua Carriage locking screw WARNING Never force the carriage lock screw It should always turn easily 3 2 3 To lock the carriage First be sure the power is off and the cables are disconnected Then be sure the heads are fully retracted To retract the heads lifttheend of the drive that is furthest from the connections Gravity will make the head assembly retract pulling the heads toward the outside rim of the disk T
18. 11 YE aw ar Place the CORVUS PASCAL UTILITIES floppy into your floppy drive Transfer the files CORVUS BOOT DATA and CORVUS PFORMAT CODE from the CORVUS PASCAL UTILITIES floppy to BRINGUP Refer to the Apple Pascal Reference Manual if you get stuck These commands will jog your memory If you have two floppy drives the dialogue will be slightly different You type T FILER G S N L R C T D Q C 2 TRANSFER CORVUS BOOT DATA TO WHERE BRINGUP The just means Give it the same name that is BOOT DATA PUT IN BRINGUP TYPE lt SPACE gt TO CONTINUE and so on until the transfer is complete as signalled by the message CORVUS BOOT DATA gt BRINGUP BOOT DATA Repeat the process for the file CORVUS PFORMAT CODE and you re done 4 4 7 To be sure BRINGUP is complete list its directory FILER G S N L R C T D Q C 2 You type E DIR LISTING OF BRINGUP The system should respond with something like this BRINGUP SYSTEM APPLE SYSTEM PASCAL SYSTEM MISCINFO SYSTEM EDITOR SYSTEM FILER SYSTEM LIBRARY The information presented here will vary SYSTEM CHARSET SYSTEM SYNTAX BOOT DATA PFORMAT CODE lt UNUSED gt 10 10 FILES 73 UNUSED 73 IN LARGEST Your BRINGUP floppy may not look exactly like this but it should be close it should contain all the files on APPLE1 plus BOOT DATA and PFORMAT CODE lf BOOT DATA or PFORMAT CODE is missing
19. CORVUS TIAP MASS STORAGE DISK SYSTEM INSTRUCTION nl MANUAL DD e tial er mt dre SOD BO se y 7 at 2029 O Toole Avenue HAE eau lie San Jose California 95131 408 946 7700 TWX 910 338 0226 g na you NOTICE Corvus Systems Inc reserves the right to make improvements in the product described in this manual at any time and without notice DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY Corvus Systems Inc makes no warranties either express or implied with respect to this manual or with respect to the software described in this manual its quality performance merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose Corvus Systems Inc software is sold or licensed as is The entire risk as to its quality and performance is with the buyer Should the programs prove defective following their purchase the buyer and not Corvus Systems Inc its distributor or its retailer assumes the entire cost of all necessary servicing repair or correction and any incidental or consequential damages In no event will Corvus Systems Inc be liable for direct indirect incidental or consequential damages resulting from any defect in the software even if Corvus Systems Inc has been advised of the possibility of such damages Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you This manual is copy
20. CoE PTT STE VER If the V option is not specified then the command will refer to the volume that was referenced by the last command LOAD BURD V8 ISAVE PORK BELLY would load the program BURD from volume 8 and save it as PORK BELLY on volume 8 5 4 Using DOS 3 2 and BASICS Commands With Your 11AP BASICS System Most of the DOS 3 2 commands work exactly as they do for floppy based systems except that the V option specifies which volume on the drive the command should operate on 5 4 1 Catalog The CATALOG command is special Normally it does what you d expect JCATALOG V10 S6 would list the names lengths and types of the files on volume 10 But there s also a special form of CATALOG JCATALOG V99 S6 Volume 99 does not exist This command lists the name of the first file on each volume It is good practice to begin each volume with an explanatory title file so that CATALOG V99 will tell you what each volume is If the first file on a volume is not type A Applesoft of Integer BASIC then the volume will not be listed by the CATALOG V99 command Hint You can hide a volume by making the first file on it type B or T Hidden volumes are useful for storing large amounts of data that span several volumes Hidden volumes may be LOCKed and UNLOCKed see section 5 4 2 5 4 2 Write Protect When the write protect notch on a floppy is covered no one can write on that floppy Each volume on the Corvus dr
21. Hint If you use the Filer to restore a backup volume be careful how you specify the transfer If for instance you want to transfer from unit 9 to unit 5 don t transfer 9 to 5 instead transfer 9 to 5 because it will preserve the name assigned to the volume on unit 5 i 6 6 Creating and Using DOS 3 2 Format Volumes Under Pascal BASICS One of the main strengths of the Corvus 11AP Pascal system is that DOS 3 2 format files can be stored on the disk along with Pascal This section describes how to create and use DOS 3 2 format volumes WARNING From BASICS you can alter any memory location or any byte on disk including the operating system or any Pascal files on disk You can conceivably lose the ability to boot and may have to re format the disk losing all the data on the disk Your best insurance is to back up your disk 6 6 1 Creating DOS 3 2 Volumes The DOS volumes are stored in a single Pascal file called DOS1 at the end of the disk To create DOS1 simply use the D OSVOL command in VMGR D CREATE DOS VOLUMES ON DRIVE 1 BLOCKS RESERVED FOR SYSTEM BASICS 24 ENTER OF DOS VOLUMES MAX 78 20 VMGR will then create DOS1 The process takes about 40 seconds for a 20 volume DOSVOLUMES and tells you what it s doing MOUNTING DOST ON 9 OPENING BASICS DATA WRITING DOS1 DOSVOLUMES ZEROING DOS1 DOSVOLUMES 0 MOUNTING FLOPPY ON 9 Here s what happened First VMGR created and mounted the vol
22. Ibs 10 Kgm 50 F to 120 F 10 C to 50 C 20 to 80 R H 1000 to 6000 ft sea level 40 F to 140 F 40 C to 60 C 10 to 90 R H 18 F 10 C per hour no condensation 0 1 G 5 CPS linear increase to 100 CPS 1 0 G 2 CPS linear increase to 100 CPS 5 0 G for 5 ms duration 7 3 1 Mean Time Between Failures MTBF is calculated to exceed 10 000 hours 7 3 2 Mean Time to Repair The MTTR will not exceed 0 5 hours 7 3 3 Preventive Maintenance There is no preventative maintenance required on the Corvus 11AP disk drive s rma tes ORM PET MTS Mo PET ETS ne 7 mrc VER HTC OP LENS PESO TE js ee Whe 5 Re nage Cera PE e X NT sann EH E x E E a CORVUS VMGR QUICK REFERENCE CHART VMGR Command e L List volumes N Create new volume Remove a volume Mount a volume Unmount a volume Write protect or un protect a volume Create a DOS 3 2 format volume Quit exit VMGR Equivalent Floppy Operation Lists all floppies both mounted and not mounted Format a new floppy and change its name Dismount and erase a floppy Place a floppy in a drive Remove a floppy from a drive Place a write protect sticker on a floppy or remove a sticker No equivalent No equivalent
23. NEW disappeared Note that R EMOVE is smart enough to unmount NEW then destroy it 6 2 12 Create and mount NEW again 6 2 13 Unmount NEW U UNMOUNT VOLUME NAME OR UNIT NEW UNMOUNTED 41 ral TUAl Le cette odes C Zaw X 0 Od Pe 2 LR OKT 1 PA RER ha OURS EN ee EEE a ENA T ITIS Tar o arr EE PNA SAAS a A SIREAN a Un x S ots n ris a RE SE st iig Sa i ats Us rx I SCT MIE RL yT 1 RES PUS ER TER 6 2 14 Mount a floppy Place a floppy in the floppy drive If you mount a Corvus volume in a unit that is occupied by a floppy the floppy will no longer be accessible If you want to access the floppy again simply U NMOUNT the Corvus volume if CORVUS6 were mounted on 9 the floppy plugged into slot 4 drive 1 would be invisible U NMOUNTing CORVUSE or mounting it on another unit would make the floppy available again 6 2 15 If you list the volumes the floppy does not appear because VMGBR lists only the volumes on the disk drive The Pascal Filer s V command however will show that the floppy is mounted on unit 9 6 2 16 List the volumes The listing should look like this L CORVUS VOLUME DIRECTORY WP NAME LENGTH ADDR DRV UNIT 1024 8 1 4 1024 1032 1 16880 2056 1 CORVUS1 NEW lt UNUSED gt ONG 6 2 17 Leave VMGR and use the Filer s V command to see the results Type Q to leave VMGR F to start the Filer and V for the V OLS command
24. ORE CODE 5 Oct 79 Codefile SETBOOT CODE 5 Oct 79 Codefile VMGR CODE 1 Dec 79 Codefile 4 4 16 2 Transfer all the files on APPLE2 supplied with Apple Pascal to CORVUS1 Place APPLE2 in the floppy drive TRANSFER APPLE2 TO WHERE CORVUS1 SYSTEM COMPILER SYSTEM LINKER SYSTEM ASSMBLER 6500 0PCODES 30 May 79 3 May 79 31 May 79 20 Dec 78 Codefile Codetile Codefile Datafile 6500 ERRORS 28 Mar 79 Datafile FORMATTER CODE 4 May 79 Codefile FORMATTER DATA 22 Jun 79 Datafile LIBRARY CODE 21 Jun 79 Codetile LIBMAP CODE 19 Apr 79 Codetile SETUP CODE 7 Feb 79 Codefiie BINDER CODE 4 May 79 Codefile CALC CODE 28 Dec 78 561 Codefile UNUSED 569 28 28 files listed in dir 569 blocks used 455 unused 455 in largest 4 4 16 3 Transfer the following files from APPLE3 to CORVUS1 FORMATTER CODE FORMATTER DATA LIBRARY CODE LIBMAP CODE SETUP CODE BINDER CODE CALC CODE These are the files we suggest you have in CORVUS1 The rest of this Note that not all the files on APPLES will be transferred The easiest way s manual assumes that these files are there is to transfer using the wild card which asks for confirmation before it transfers 4 4 17 That completes the installation procedure for the Pascal BASICS system Feel free to play for awhile When you feel comfortable with the system relax and congratulate yourself Then proceed to Chapter 6 where you will learn to use the full
25. ORMAT and must be initialized You can initialize each one when you want to use it but it is easier to use the Corvus program VOLUME INIT to initialize all 81 volumes at once The program takes about four or five seconds per volume LOAD VOLUME INIT 56 RUN BULK VOLUME INIT PROGRAM CORVUS SYSTEMS 1979 ENTER FIRST VOLUME NUMBER 2 ENTER LAST VOLUME NUMBER 82 Take a coffee break the program will take six minutes but then all 82 volumes will be initialized and ready for storing data and you will never have to run it again unless you zero the disk for some reason For more information on initializing see Chapter 2 of the DOS 3 2 Manual 4 3 13 Your Corvus 11AP is ready for BASICS only operation Chapter 5 describes in detail how to use your BASICS only system including how to manipulate all 82 volumes how to make your Apple boot from disk in any configuration and a technical discussion of how the disk is organized 4 4 Bringing Up Pascal BASICS WARNING Configuring the system effectively removes all data from the disk drive If you ever decide to reconfigure the system with data already on the drive you must first be sure to backup your data 4 4 1 Turn both your Apple and your Corvus 11AP off 2 WARNING Never insert or remove cables or cards with the power on Serious damage to the Apple and the Corvus 11AP may result Since the Corvus drive is empty right now the Apple cannot boot from it in
26. S BASICS UTILITIES DISKETTE and if you followed the installation instructions are also on volume 1 of the disk 5 5 1 COPY2 COPY2 can copy a DOS 3 2 format volume between any two disk drives whether they are Corvus or floppy drives WARNING COPY2 ignores write protect on disk volumes and will write over a protected volume COPY2 asks you for the slot drive and volume numbers for the FROM volume and the TO volume Use 0 for the volume number for floppies Press lt RETURN gt if you wish to enter the default number given 5 5 2 COPY3 COPY3is an improved version of COPY2 It s faster because it only copies sectors that have been recorded It s safer because it will not record over write protected volumes When COPY3 encounters an error it continues to copy and reports the error when it is finished 37 COPY3 cannot copy non DOS 3 2 format diskettes It requires 48K Bytes of RAM and will not run under RAM based Applesoft Use COPY 2 if one of these limitations becomes a barrier 5 5 3 VOLUME INIT VOLUME INIT initializes volumes on the disk Initialization of a volume removes all files and places a binary file called EMPTY at the start of the volume Volumes initialized by VOLUME INIT are not listed by the CATALOG V99 command because the first file is binary See the discussion of hidden files in section 5 4 1 VOLUME INIT asks for the numbers of the first and last volumes to be initialized It initialize
27. SICS only system you boot using the command 6 lt CTRL gt P gt PR 6 OR PR 6 depending on how your Apple is equipped If your Apple has an Auto start ROM simply powering on the system will boot BASICS and no boot command is necessary If you have a Pascal BASICS system you can boot BASICS from Pascal using X ECUTE BASICS or you can set the SETBOOT utility See section 6 6 Creating and Using DOS 3 2 Format Volumes Under Pascal BASICS and section 6 7 Cold Boot Facility 5 1 2 How Booting Works No matter how you boot BASICS the first thing that happens is that your BD HHHH DDD aa Apple executes the machine code stored in the Cold Boot Area at the beginning of the Corvus disk if you have a Pascal BASICS system the Cold Boot looks for a Pascal format file called SYSTEM BASIC on DOS1 If it finds the file it loads it into your Apple Language Card and enables the card Whether you have Pascal BASICS or BASICS only the Cold Boot loads your Apple s main memory RAM with the data it finds in the Warm Boot Area a 48K Byte area on the disk and passes control to that data It is very important that you understand the Warm Boot The Warm Boot Area is a 48K Byte snapshot of the Apple s main memory The snapshot is taken by either a program called BOOT PREP a program called APPLESOFT BOOT PREP or a user program constructed as described in section 5 2 Turn key Systems The Warm Boo
28. Then you run the special Corvus programs supplied on one of the floppies that came with your 11AP that put al the correct information on the Corvus disk Once the system is configured you bring it up using the programs on the Corvus disk instead of the programs that originally came with the Apple Section 4 1 describes slots and how they are used in booting and configuring your system Section 4 2 describes the differences between the BASICS only con figuration and the Pascal BASICS configuration and will help you decide which applies to your needs Section 4 3 tells you how to configure a BASICS only system Section 4 4 tells how to configure a Pascal BASICS system 4 1 Slots Booting and Configuring 4 1 1 About Booting the System When a computer is first turned on it is particularly stupid In order to be useful the computer must first be booted in other words the computer s guiding intelligence operating system must be loaded into the machine and started Some computers such as an Apple with an Auto Start PROM are smart enough to boot themselves automatically as soon as they re turned on Others require human assistance 4 1 2 About Slots Your Apple has eight input output connectors called slots that it uses to communicate with disk drives Apple cards and the like Look inside your Apple the slats are the eight long narrow connectors on the rear of the large mai
29. UP CHANGE TO WHAT CORVUS1 BRINGUP lt gt CORVUS1 Use the V command to verify that it worked VOLS ON LINE 1 CONSOLE 2 SYSTEM 4 CORVUS 1 ROOT VOL IS CORVUS 1 PREFIX IS CORVUS1 Now place any Pascal floppy into the floppy drive Type V again You will get the same volume directory but now unit 9 will bear the name of whatever floppy you inserted into the floppy drive Now type E to get a file directory DIR LISTING OF 7 CORVUS 1 You will recognize the resulting directory as the same one you saw when you listed the directory of the BRINGUP floppy but this time the files are on CORVUS1 a volume on the Corvus drive You can also list the contents of the floppy type E followed by 9 or by the name of the floppy 4 4 16 Your Corvus 11AP Pascal BASICS system is almost ready The next step is to transfer some useful files onto CORVUS1 the first volume on the disk But first a word about transferring from floppy to disk When you transfer between floppies you often use this sort of dialogue TRANSFER VOL1 TO WHERE VOL2 That works but requires that VOL1 and VOL2 are the same length and that you don t mind that VOL2 s name is changed to VOL1 When you transfer VOL1 to VOL2 you are saying transfer the whole volume Sometimes that s convenient in fact part of the Pascal BASICS installation procedure did that sort of transfer But in general it is be
30. ate and use DOS 3 2 format volumes Section 6 7 describes the Pascal booting facilities and turn key operation Section 6 8 tells how the Corvus 11AP Pascal BASICS disk is organized 6 1 About Volumes Your 1tAP drive consists of 18 928 blocks of user accessible data storage area There are 8 blocks on the disk that are not accessible they are used for booting the system and for storing the volume directory and related informa tion See section 6 8 The data is divided into up to 63 volumes A volume is like an imaginary floppy disk Like a floppy it has a name such as CORVUS1 or APPLE1 and up to six of them can be mounted at once on Pascal 1 0 units 4 5 9 10 11 or 12 A Pascal format floppy is 280 blocks long but a Corvus volume can be any length in multiples of 8 blocks You can divide the disk space in many ways for instance you can have one huge volume 18 928 blocks long or up to 63 volumes of different lengths You can make the last volume on the disk a special DOS volume that contains DOS 3 2 format volumes See section 6 6 The volumes are manipulated by the Corvus Volume Manager VMGR described in this chapter and the files in each volume are handled by the standard Pascal Filer described in the Apple Pascal Reference Manual 6 2 Getting Acquainted With The Corvus Volume Manager VMGR This section helps new users rapidly learn how VMGR works Sections 6 3 and 6 4 describe the commands in detail Turn on your A
31. block structured Pascal device specifically a set of files with a directory recorded on a floppy or on the Corvus disk A logical device number Apple Pascal uses units 4 5 9 10 11 and 12 for floppy drives To associate a volume with a unit Floppies are physically mounted by placing a floppy the volume in a drive the unit Corvus Pascal volumes are mounted by a program the volume manager Do not attempt to open the disk drive and do not remove the stickers that are labeled Warranty Void If Seal Broken The drive is sealed shut to avoid dust problems and the stickers keep the air seals intact If they are removed there is a possibility that dirt will get in and a certainty that the warranty will be voided e Keep the drive away from magnetic fields The drive can be erased by them e Never operate the drive with the head carriage lock engaged see section 3 2 Never ship the drive with the head carriage lock disengaged CHAPTER 2 CAUTIONS These suggestions will protect your Apple and your Corvus 11AP from damage 2 1 Always turn off or better still unplug both your Apple and your 11AP when inserting or removing any cables or circuit cards If you forget you may permanently damage your Apple or your 11AP Here s why When you remove or replace a card or a Cable one or two pins may connect before the others The circuit was not designed to operate that way and it is possible though not extremely like
32. cated in the first volume normally CORVUS1 on the disk if you set the cold boot area to boot BASICS using the SETBOOT utility see section 6 7 then the system will boot DOS 3 2 and BASICS at power on When BASICS boots whether at power on or when the program BASICS is X ECUTEd the Warm Boot Area is loaded into Apple RAM and if the file DOS1 SYSTEM BASIC is present it is loaded into the language card and the card is enabled See section 6 6 for more information CORVUS 11AP PASCAL BASICS DISK CONFIGURATION COLD BOOT AREA MOUNT INFORMATION VOLUME DIRECTORY COLD BOOT AREA Created by PFORMAT when system is configured Executed at power on or lt RESET gt SETBOOT alters 8 BLOCKS this area First user volume usually CORVUS1 EACH generally must VOLUME include files ANY SYSTEM APPLE and SIZE SYSTEM PASCAL IN MULTIPLES OF 8 Other Pascal format BLOCKS 1 63 user volumes s PASCAL and or unused blocks a pick USER VOLUMES 96 BLOCKS 48K Warm Boot Area Pascal format file DAT DOS 1 82 DOS 32 format OPTIONAL BLOCKS DOSI VOLUMES volumes EACH VOLUME Pascal format file SYSTEM BASIC 24 BLOCKS ee CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS 7 1 General Description The Corvus 11AP Disk Drive is a fixed disk sealed environment Winchester technology drive While not much larger than a floppy disk drive in size
33. ce To prevent dust and other contaminants from interfering with the heads the Corvus disk operates in a sealed enclosure with a positive flow air filtration system The controller uses a Z 80 microprocessor and 16K Bytes of random access memory to provide high speed intelligent and accurate reading and writing The personality card will transfer up to fifty kilobytes per second and conforms to all Apple interface conventions This means the 11AP works exactly like a floppy drive but with greater capacity and speed s l l CHAPTER 1 USING THIS MANUAL 1 1 Background This manual assumes that you have some experience with your Apple Although several Apple procedures are described in this manual these descriptions are designed to jog your memory They are not a substitute for Apple s documentation if you have a problem please refer to your Apple Manuals If you encounter an apparent conflict between this manual and Apple s manuals remember that Apple s manuals are the final authority on Apple s hardware and software 1 2 Background For Applesoft and DOS 3 2 Users if you are just getting started with computers please read The Applesoft Tutorial an excellent way for new computer users to learn the basics and the BASICS of computers Computers are complicated instruments and most computer manuals including this one use computer jargon that can be a barrier at first The Applesoft Tutorial will get you started smoothl
34. e to the wrong pins Be careful the wrong connection could permanently damage the hardware Remove the plastic cover that protects the pins Connect the disk drive end EXACTLY as shown The colored stripe on the cable should be closest to pin 50 The end of the connector away from the colored stripe should be adjacent to but not overlap the white rectangle marked IMI BUS on the disk drive circuit board Replace the plastic cover after the flat cable has been installed TE ERT 7 TU gt a eee Tie ses BLZ EXPANSION PC dl Colored Stripe Correct Position is Adjacent to White Rectangle Proper position of flat cable connector Colored Stripe see ee eee R Personality card connection The personality card goes on the other end of the flat cable The colored stripe should be at the end farthest from the edge connector that plugs into the Apple Be sure all the pins on the personality card are engaged Do not install the personality card in your Apple just yet you will do that when you configure the system Chapter 4 The other end of the Dc cable connects to the ten large pins on the rear of the disk drive exactly as shown 3 3 3 Ac Cord Be sure the switch on the power supply is OFF 2 3 3 2 Dc Cable Connect the square connector at one end of the power supply Note that Then connect the Ac cord to the supply and plug it in a 110 volt Ac socket three of the
35. ection 6 8 How The Pascal BASICS Disk Is Organized CORVUS 11AP BASICS ONLY DISK CONFIGURATION COLD BOOT AREA Created when system is configured Executed at power reset or with 6 CTRL P or with PR 6 WARM BOOT AREA Loaded into memory by the cold boot program BASICS ONLY COLD BOOT AREA VOLUME DIRECTORY WARM BOOT AREA 8 BLOCKS 48KB 96 BLOCKS 82 VOLUMES EACH 227 BLOCKS 82 DOS 3 2 FORMAT USER VOLUMES LB HHR HHEH HH CHAPTER 6 USING YOUR CORVUS 11AP PASCAL BASICS This chapter assumes you have installed your Corvus 11AP as a Pascal BASICS system according to the instructions in section 4 4 Bringing Up Pascal BASICS It also assumes you are familiar with how Apple Pascal works Please refer to Chapter 1 if you are not familiar with Apple Pascal This chapter describes the Pascal BASICS system including how files and volumes are created manipulated backed up and restored how BASICS files are handled and how booting works Section 6 1 describes volumes and how they are set up on the disk Section 6 2 is a step by step exercise that helps you quickly get acquainted with the Corvus Volume Manager VMGR Section 6 3 describes the Volume Manager commands in detail Section 6 4 is a quick reference guide to the Volume Manager commands Section 6 5 describes the BACKUP and RESTORE utilities Section 6 6 tells how to cre
36. ed ERA L L a E LA a SE LIA ae AT Poop a x m aE T EN Fs Ce tal IE et a ds PR eee olen eh ee Lk RT GA a OH Aa sO NT K EOS al N Er PASS TAIT SST AM pres the ce ee PASSA Wh VET SRR es A PUR OS LE A pres ne FER CHAPTER 3 GETTING STARTED INSTALLATION 3 2 Carriage Lock Installing your Corvus 11AP is not difficult but it is very important that you follow the directions Please resist the temptation to just plug it all in the result could be broken hardware and that would spoil your whole day The carriage lock holds the heads in their fully retracted position The carriage should always be locked when the disk is shipped to prevent the heads from striking the disk s surfaces possibly damaging the heads or the disk First please read Chapter 1 and be sure you have the background you need WARNING Then read Chapter 2 and be sure you understand the cautions After you have installed the hardware you will have an empty disk drive connected to your Apple Chapter 4 will tell you how to put special files on the drive to make the 11AP really useful Enough background Let s install your Corvus 11AP mass storage system 3 1 Check Your Parts Your Corvus 11AP consists of the following Disk drive with flat cable and per sonality card assembly Power supply Dc cable Ac cable Corvus BASICS UTILITIES floppy Corvus PASCAL UTILITIES floppy WARNING 1 Do not operate the drive
37. em will execute lines 50 through 90 of SAM S BOOT PROGRAM The system will come up with SAM S BOOT PROGRAM in RAM and all the defaults slot volume etc will be exactly as they were when the program first ran if all this reminds you of what APPLESOFT BOOT PREP does that s no coincidence at all look at the code ILOAD APPLESOFT BOOT PREP 56 ILIST Note that line 5 is 5 CALL 936 CALL 14707 CALL 936 clears the screen When you understand how APPLESOFT BOOT PREP and SAM S BOOT PROGRAM work you will be able to write your own booting routine 5 3 About Volumes Your Corvus 11AP has 82 DOS 3 2 format volumes called V1 through V82 They are very similar to floppies each is the same size as a floppy and has a directory and a number of files Most DOS 3 2 commands allow you to specify a volume number For instance JLOAD FISH V8 S4 would load the file FISH if the floppy in slot 4 happens to have been initialized as volume 8 DOS 3 2 uses the volume number simply to check that the correct volume is in the floppy drive See the DOS 3 2 manual s section on Drive Slot and Volume Options for more information Your Corvus 11AP uses the volume number to specify which of the 82 volumes on the disk you want So if the Corvus drive were plugged into slot 6 JLOAD FISH V8 S6 would get the file FISH from V8 the eighth volume on the disk 35 ae oe ee PGS Diva fe asec a ese SEES
38. g the Applesoft BASIC prompt 4 3 9 BFORMAT formatted the Corvus disk and BRINGUP connected DOS 3 2 to the Corvus firmware it put a 3 byte patch in DOS 3 2 s RWTS to refer all disk references to the Corvus firmware The next step is to load the Warm Boot Area on the Corvus disk The 22 Warm Boot Area is a 48K Byte area on the disk that is loaded into your Apple s RAM when you boot from the Corvus drive This procedure sets up the Warm Boot Area so that when you boot you will have Applesoft running Chapter 5 tells you how to make other boot arrangements but for now follow this procedure so that if something goes wrong you will be able to boot from the Corvus drive 4 3 10 Your Apple should be displaying the Applesoft prompt Place the CORVUS BASICS UTILITIES DISKETTE into your floppy drive and enter LOAD APPLESOFT BOOT PREP S4 CATALOG S6 RUN This will load the APPLESOFT BOOT PREP program from the floppy and run it The program will copy all the data in your Apples RAM into the Warm Boot Area of the disk Then when you boot from the disk the data will be copied from the Warm Boot Area back into your Apple s RAM and you will be up and running with Applesoft Chapter 5 will tell you how to rewrite the Warm Boot Area to boot other systems 4 3 11 Next copy all the files from the CORVUS BASICS UTILITIES DISKETTE onto volume 1 of the disk That way you will have all these handy programs a
39. hese keys in more detail e When the computer prompts you for an input this manual will generally show both the prompt and the appropriate response For instance if the computer asks TRANSFER the screen cursor sits after the waiting for your response and you should respond with MYDISK EXTRA DATA SCRATCH the manual will show TRANSFER 7 MYDISK EXTRA DATA SCRATCH s Watch for these symbols WARNING This reminds you to be extra careful Failure to follow these instructions could cause damage to your Apple your Corvus 11AP or both or could cause you to lose data or could cause you to have to start over 2 This reminds you to turn off your Apple your Corvus 11AP or both It is absolutely essential that they be powered down anytime you remove or install any circuit card or cable If in doubt turn it off first 1 6 Some Terms Floppy Disc Block Sector Volume Unit Mount When this manual refers to floppies we are using the common term for what Apple Computer calls diskettes And when we say floppy drive we are referring to a diskette drive such as the Apple Disk II When we refer to disk or disk drive or Corvus drive we always mean the disk drive that is the heart of your Corvus 11AP mass storage system A block is 512 bytes 4K bits A sector is 256 bytes or half a block When we say volume we mean a
40. hich BASIC you want running when you power on Some examples Debbie has an Apple I with Integer Basic in ROM on the main board wants Applesoft loaded into the Language Card and wants to come up with Applesoft running Murray has an Apple Plus with Applesoft in ROM but doesn t use Integer BASIC and doesn t care whether the Language Card is loaded He wants to come up in Applesoft but with his own BASIC program running 6 6 2 2 Loading The Language Card Place the BASICS diskette supplied by Apple in your floppy drive If like Debbie in the previous section you want Applesoft in the Language Card use the Pascal Files to transfer the file FPBAS DATA from BASICS to DOS1 SYSTEM BASIC TRANSFER BASICS FPBAS DATA TO WHERE DOS1 SYSTEM BASIC Remember you may need to use VMGR to mount the floppy See section 6 3 1 if you want to put Integer BASIC in the language card transfer BASICS INTBAS DATA to DOS1 SYSTEM BASIC lf you are like Murray and don t need the Language Card loaded don t 46 create SYSTEM BASIC If you do then when the system boots and loads the Language Card the language in the card will start running rather than the language in RAM or ROM 6 6 2 3 Switch from Pascal to BASICS Leave VMGR or the Filer type Q and X ECUTE the Corvus program BASICS not be to confused with Apple s BASICS diskette X BASICS You are now in RAM based Applesoft 6 6 2 4 Next you should copy all
41. initializing see Chapter 2 of the DOS 3 2 Manual 6 6 2 6 Proceed to Chapter 5 where you will learn how BASICS boots and how to make it boot the way you want Then you will learn how to use the DOS 3 2 commands to manipulate the volumes in your 11AP BASICS system 6 7 Pascal Cold Boot Facility and Turn key Operation When you turn your Apple on or press lt RESET gt a cold boot occurs The Apple executes the cold boot program on the disk in slot 6 the Corvus drive The cold boot program will boot Pascal using the files SYSTEM APPLE and SYSTEM PASCAL located in the first volume on the disk If you want your Apple to boot BASICS instead of Pascal at power on reset then you should X ECUTE the Corvus program SETBOOT When SETBOOT asks P ASCAL B ASICS lt ESC gt respond B for a BASICS boot SETBOOT will change a portion of the file BOOT DATA and from then on when you power on or press lt RESET gt the computer will boot BASICS See section 5 1 for a description of BASICS booting WARNING Do not set up the system to boot BASICS until you have created and tested the DOS VOLUMES area using the D OSVOL command see section 6 6 If you do your system will be unable to boot at all and you will have to reformat the disk losing all your files If you wish to return to Pascal booting enter IRUN PASCAL to get back to Pascal and then X ECUTE SETBOOT When SETBOOT asks which system you wish to boot
42. it provides over 11 megabytes of storage unformatted its advanced technology base accommodates all major subassemblies The low load low mass Winchester type Read Write heads are positioned with a linear voice coil actuator utilizing a closed loop track following servo system The recirculating filtered air flow system within a sealed enclosure prevents contamination The brushless d c drive motor with built in disk spindle motor electronics and speed control provides for universal 50 60 Hz operation Three printed circuit boards Read Write Servo Control and Drive Logic and installed within the base and are interconnected with a back panel where all interface connections are made Primary features of the Corvus 11AP Disk Drive are as follows e Fixed media magnetically oriented and lubricated e Winchester type recording features s Sealed environment clean air filter system e Brushless d c Drive Motor Small size No scheduled maintenance e Daisy chain up to 4 drives PERFORMANCE SUMMARY CARE nn H de td IR TN T 5 5 x 8 5 x 19 25 inches Size of Power Supply 2 ies ccna ta cmc varie 5 5 x 4 5 x 15 5 inches Power TTT TT irc vegan ssh ce seen erasers tenant es 250 Watts Weight of Drive cies oie ORR AE eR EN eve a res 22 Ibs Weight of Power Supply uses 13 Ibs Formatted Data CAPACITY aS ani 9 5 Megabytes Minimum Seek Tine sss seis ik his ie ses 10 milliseconds Average Soek TIMO Airesin TT 50 milliseconds A
43. ive can be write protected by LOCK ing the first file on the volume Remember good practice dictates that the first file on each volume is an explanatory title file Consider the example CATALOG V99 VOL DIRECTORY CORVUS 11A DRIVE 1 01 CORVUS UTILITIES 02 VENDORS 07 EMPLOYEES JCATALOG V7 DISK VOLUME 007 A 028 EMPLOYEES A 052 ADDRESSES A 003 SALARIES Continued on Page 37 R EL Continued from Page 36 JLOCK EMPLOYEES V7 WRITE PROTECTED Now no one may write on volume 3 In fact the command JUNLOCK EMPLOYEES V3 will not work because V3 is protected and you cannot alter the EMPLOYEES file even to unlock it To unlock a volume use these commands J POKE 1278 1 JUNLOCK EMPLOYEES V7 5 4 3 Using Files In Two Volumes The READ and WRITE commands in DOS 3 2 do not allow you to specify volume numbers but the OPEN command does If your program references files in separate volumes it can open the file every time it accesses a different volume Another method is to POKE the desired volume number into 1150 before performing the READ or WRITE Location 1150 stores the default volume number WARNING Even though they are in different volumes the files must have different names The FILE MOVER program on the CORVUS BASICS UTILITIES DISKETTE is an example of a program that reads and writes to from different volumes 5 5 Utility Programs These programs are located on the CORVU
44. k with the program BFORMAT You have three options s Obtain enough RAM to give your system 32K bytes or more e Format the disk on another system Borrow a 32K Apple format the drive and then move the drive back to your Apple c Ask your dealer to format the drive for you Here s how to format the disk The Apple should be up with DOS 3 2 running Turn on the Corvus drive and wait 15 seconds for the disk to come up to speed Remove the SYSTEM MASTER DOS 3 2 floppy and place the CORVUS BASICS UTILITIES floppy into the floppy drive There is a program on the floppy called BFORMAT Run it by centering JRUN BFORMAT The computer will respond DOS ONLY FORMATTER IS IT OK TO ERASE DISK Y N This is areminder that configuring the disk will effectively remove all data Answer Y to continue WRITING BOOT TRACKS ZEROING DIRECTORIES In about 20 seconds the BASIC prompt will return 4 3 8 The program you just ran BFORMAT formatted the disk Now you must run a program called BRINGUP which connects Apple s standard DOS 3 2 to the Corvus 11AP firmware L With the CORVUS BASICS UTILITIES floppy still in the floppy drive enter RUN BRINGUP The system will respond with BRINGUP UTILITY DOS ONLY followed by a volume directory but since there are no volumes on the Corvus drive yet the directory will not be very interesting VOL DIRECTORY CORVUS 11A DRIVE 1 The computer will end up displayin
45. ly that an illegal voltage may be applied to the circuit or that the circuit may power up in an unusual state It is quite possible that these conditions could destroy portions of your computer requiring extensive and expensive repair So please remember always turn off the computer and the 11AP before you start plugging in the cards and cables 2 2 Handling Floppy Disks You will use floppy disks to install and configure your 11AP Please refer to the section called Care of the Disk 11 and Diskettes in Apple s DOS manual Here are the more important cautions Keep away from magnetic fields and temperature extremes Never never touch the floppy s mag netic surface If you write on a label that is already on the floppy never use a ball point pen or a pencil Use only a soft tipped pen and don t press hard Keep the floppy disk clean s Do not bend fold spindie or mutilate 2 3 Disk Drive Although the disk drive in your 11AP is considerably more durable than a floppy drive and its sealed in Aly Slot hard disk is much more durable than a floppy it can be damaged Here s how to avoid damaging it dunsu uuux The drive needs cooling Don t put it in a box drawer or sealed cabinet without adequate ventilation Don t let the airflow slots be disturbed by loose papers or other objects Air slot location re UM PR PNR ES UT a ET SALES AE AE Ea LE T Te LE ER OOI EAEN _ L C d CN EA IA N ZLE r
46. n circuit board The slots are numbered from Oto 7 Computer people tend to count from 0 instead of 1 that s why this manual has a Chapter 0 The slot numbers are printed near each connector at the rear edge of the main keyboard The leftmost slot looking at the computer from the keyboard end is slot number 0 and probably contains an Apple ROM CARD or an Apple LANGUAGE CARD Your floppy drive is probably plugged into slot 6 Slot 6 is special the next section tells why 4 1 3 What Do Slots Have To Do With Booting As you learned in section 4 2 1 booting is the process of loading your computer with a guiding intelligence called an operating system and starting it Where does the operating system come from 19 Most of the world s advanced operating systems are stored on disk Apple s DOS 3 2 and Pascal are examples so when you boot your Apple you boot it from disk Right now the boot disk drive is the floppy drive but you will be able to boot from your Corvus drive once it has been configured The disks are connected to one of the slots In general the disk you boot from is connected to slot 6 Although some Apples allow you to boot from a different slot we strongly recommend that you use slot 6 as the drive you use for booting 4 1 4 How To Boot When you turn your Apple on and press lt RESET gt it will do one of these things depending on how it is equipped Early Apples will come up in the moni
47. ngth drive number and address Default values for the length drive and address are provided if you press lt RETURN gt when a question is asked the displayed default is used 6 3 5 R EMOVE Removes and if necessary unmounts and destroys the specified volume R EMOVE gives you a chance to change your mind before it destroys the volume 43 6 3 6 W PROT ifavolumeis not protected W PROT protects it If itis protected W PROT removes the protection 6 3 7 D OSVOL Creates a volume which can contain DOS 3 2 format volumes See section 6 6 6 4 VMGR Quick Reference Chart Remember that volumes are similar to floppies This quick reference chart describes the VMGR commands and the comparable floppy operation CORVUS VMGR QUICK REFERENCE CHART VMGR Command Equivalent Floppy Operation e L List volumes Lists all floppies both mounted and not mounted Format a new floppy and change its name e N Create new volume s R Remove a volume Dismount and erase a floppy e M Mount a volume Place a floppy in a drive e U Unmount a volume Remove a floppy from a drive e W Write protect or un protect Place a write protect sticker on a a volume floppy or remove a sticker e D Create a DOS 3 2 format No equivalent volume Quit exit VMGR No equivalent 6 5 BACKUP and RESTORE Facilities 6 5 1 BACKUP is a Corvus utility that allows you to make backup copies of any Corvus disk volume The backu
48. on 4 3 Bringing Up BASICS only or part of a Pascal BASICS system installed per section 6 4 Bringing Up Pascal BASICS However Pascal BASICS users will find that they may have less than 82 DOS 3 2 format volumes and that their boot procedures are somewhat different Please refer to Chapter 6 Using Your Corvus 11AP with Pascal BASICS for boot procedures if you are using Pascal BASICS WARNING From BASICS you can alter any memory location or any byte on disk including the operating system or any Pascal files on disk You can conceivably lose the ability to boot and may have to re format the disk losing all the data on the disk Your best insurance is to back up your disk Section 5 1 describes how your 11AP BASICS system boots and how to change it Section 5 2 describes how to create a turn key system Section 5 3 describes volumes Section 5 4 tells how to use DOS 3 2 and BASIC commands with your 11AP system Section 5 5 describes the utilities programs Section 5 6 tells how the BASICS only disk is organized 5 1 Booting This section describes how your 11AP BASICS system boots and how you can tailor the boot procedures to fit your needs This section assumes your 11AP disk has been set up for BASICS operation according to the procedures in section 4 3 Bringing Up BASICS Only or section 6 6 Creating and Using DOS 3 2 Format Volume Under Pascal BASICS 5 1 1 How to Boot If you have a BA
49. ot doesn t work you can boot from diskette and run BRINGUP on the CORVUS BASICS UTILITIES DISKETTE to connect the Corvus drive Then set up the system the way you want it and run BOOT PREP APPLESOFT BOOT PREP or your own boot preparing program to re write the Warm Boot Area 5 2 Turn key Systems You can easily make your Apple come up running any BASIC program If you have a Pascal BASICS system you can boot using a Pascal program See section 6 7 Cold Boot Facility To boot from a BASIC program you must understand how the Warm Boot works Read section 5 1 Booting Then try the program INEW 110 REM SAM S BOOT PROGRAM 120 REM 130 REM COPY MEMORY TO WARM BOOT AREA 140 CALL 14707 50 REM 160 PRINT 170 PRINT THIS IS SAM S BOOT PROGRAM 180 PRINT 90 END Continued on ISAVE SAM S BOOT PROGRAM S6 V1 Page 35 IRUN THIS IS SAM S BOOT PROGRAM Continued from INEW Page 34 Now turn off your Apple turn it on again and boot it from slot 6 Here s what will happen THIS IS SAM S BOOT PROGRAM Here s what happened When you ran the program statement 40 called a Corvus machine language routine located ina ROM on the Corvus Personality Card plugged into slot 6 that copies all of the data in RAM into the Warm Boot Areaon disk When you booted the system it copied all that data back into RAM and continued where the program had left off Now every time you boot your syst
50. p copy can be made on a floppy or on disk The volume to be backed up is called the source volume and the copy is called the destination To use BACKUP you must create one or more destination volumes depending on how much space is needed Call the first volume BAKUP 1 the second BAKUP2 the third BAKUP3 and so on X ECUTE BACKUP It will ask for the source volume name and proceed to make a back up copy on BAKUP1 BACKUP copies one files at a time from the source volume to BAKUP If a file is too large for the space remaining on BAKUP1 the program will stop and ask you to mount BAKUP2 When BAKUP2 is full the program will ask for BAKUPS3 and so on If a file from the source volume is so large that it will not fit on a new empty destination volume the file must be broken into pieces This can occur if you are backing up to floppies and a file of over 280 blocks is encountered BACKUP will fragment the file automatically recording it on as many volumes 44 HD HH HDD HDHH HH as necessary It will append a period to the file name of each fragment so that you can tell it s been broken up 6 5 2 RESTORE The standard Pascal Filer can be used to read the backup copies created by BACKUP unless large files were fragmented see BACKUP RESTORE is a Corvus utility that reads fragmented backup files and recreates the originals automatically merging the fragments created by BACKUP To use simply X ECUTE RESTORE
51. pple It should boot from the Corvus disk If you have just installed your system using the procedure in section 4 4 you will have one volume called CORVUS1 on the disk and you may have volumes mounted in your floppy drives Use the Filer s V command to see what is mounted CORVUS1 should appear on unit 4 Type Q to exit the Filer and start the Corvus Volume Manager by typing X for X ECUTE and then VMGR lt RETURN gt Hint Make a copy of VMGR and call it V Then you can use the volume manager by typing XV lt RETURN gt You will be greeted with VMGR Q M OUNT L IST N EW R EMOVE W PROT And if you type lt CTRL gt A you will see the rest of the line D OSVOL U NMOUNT Use lt CTRL gt A to get back to the left side of the screen Run through this exercise to quickly become familiar with VMGR 6 2 1 Start by listing the volumes L CORVUS VOLUME DIRECTORY WP NAME LENGTH DRV UNIT CORVUS 1 1024 eg lt UNUSED gt 17904 lt OFFLINE gt 18928 lt OFFLINE gt 18928 lt OFFLINE gt 18928 This list tells you that you have a volume named CORVUS1 on drive 1 It is 1024 blocks long starts at block 8 on the drive and it mounted on unit 4 Drives 2 3 and 4 are offline not connected A x would appear in the WP column next to any volumes that are write protected 6 2 2 Write protect CORVUS1 WwW ENTER VOLUME NAME CORVUS1 CORVUS1 NOW WRITE PROTECTED 6 2 3 List volumes again
52. righted and contains proprietary information All rights are reserved This document may not in whole or part be copied photocopied reproduced translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from Corvus Systems Inc 1980 by Corvus Systems Inc 2029 O Toole Ave San Jose California 95131 408 946 7700 All rights reserved Reorder CORVUS product no 11APM Text and photos by Moe Rubenzahi Printed in U S A CORVUS TIAP MASS STORAGE DISK SYSTEM CORVUS sta CATALOG var DIRECTORY DRIVE NUMBER 1 ae H AA Fat te CORVUS SYSTEMS Inc Price 20 2029 O Toole Avenue San Jose California 95131 408 946 7700 TWX 910 338 0226 ee aor dr 7 NOTE P RCA M Z a ad se n L Lee ay gt m PERTE Pair d i 4 K a a Chapter 0 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE CORVUS 11AP MASS STORAGE SYSTEM 01 What tis ard What it DOOS 5 6 SY CYS T dda iii 1 DR MOWA DOGE HE ris aar SIRA T va R Ee MORA ea Naha 2 X dlc eya K KN 00 gr t 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL PT BEGRGIOUNG seca aie 3 1 2 Background For Applesoft and DOS Users 3 1 3 Background For Pascal users ist 3 1 4 References Annotated Bibliography 3 RUE Taie ce ae e ann da MSmchinne pnakaaohasy bie shee Ree SE T 4 TO SOMME FOME MAH th a ec es Base eu
53. s all volumes between the first and last inclusive VOLUME INIT cannot modify a write protected volume 5 5 4 FILE FINDER Suppose you forgot which volume you used to store anew program FILE FINDER will search all 82 volumes It reports the first instance of the file name and asks if you want to continue the search If so simply press lt RETURN gt If not enter N WARNING When it finds the file FILE FINDER unlocks it 5 6 How The Corvus BASICS only Disk Is Organized The Corvus disk consists of eight blocks 4K Bytes of Cold Boot data followed by a 96 block 48K Bytes Warm Boot Area and 82 DOS 3 2 format volumes each 22775 blocks long The Cold Boot data blocks were created by BFORMAT the program you ran to format the disk for BASICS only operation when you installed the system These blocks comprise a machine language program that is executed at power on reset The Cold Boot loads the Warm Boot Area into your Apple s RAM and causes it to start executing The Cold Boot Area is identical to the Cold Boot Area that you d have if you configured a Pascal BASICS system and used SETBOOT to set up fora BASICS boot See section 6 7 Pascal Cold Boot Facility In fact if you set up a Pascal system using SETBOOT to set up for BASICS boot and VMGR s D OSVOL command to set up an 82 volume DOSVOLUMES file your disk would look exactly like the disk you have with a BASICS only system For more information see s
54. s vig eg sats a CAUTIONS KET e RDE ROT ne RS Et ER VIEN D S Me Tere Sr oe 6 2 2 FNAC FIODDY DUIS ananas Y tas nirvana 6 AT DER DVG ur nrecnnenean ee en ed Dae R NE Rae 6 GETTING STARTED INSTALLATION oe CO e os cnc caucus Sherine rar TH En en ne eer 8 RT Taa E LOCK E Bream es 8 BS CHU t Eri SEENE STERE EEE E ORAE SANSAARA 12 9 SR oeann eea dk ie aa AA ERE Des NN T 18 GETTING STARTED CONFIGURING THE SYSTEM 4 1 About Slots Booting and Configuring 19 4 2 Selecting he System A oasis Siew r a ae di Tue 20 4 3 Installing the BASICS System 2 4 21 4 4 Installing the Pascal System Tear pe oe ERODES Pee vez De USING YOUR CORVUS 11AP WITH BASICS 5 1 How BASICS Boots inca NRA EEE RP ee 32 5 2 Creating a Turn Key BASICS System 34 5 3 About Volumes PNR RENE a eee 35 5 4 Using DOS 3 2 and BASICS is Seis waist 36 5 5 Corvus BASICS Utility P O9rAMS socceroos 37 5 6 How the Corvus BASICS Only Disk is Organized 38 USING YOUR CORVUS 11AP WITH PASCAL Be It VOINEE LR RE T DRA ES 39 6 2 Getting Acquainted With the Corvus Volume Manager VMGRD ie Lee ween inden 39 GEVMER COMMANOS e Z L 7 en N ZH 2 RS as RATE 42 6 4 VMGR Commands Quick Reference 44 6 5 BACKUP and RESTORE Facilities RER ast 44 6 6 Creating and Using DOS 3 2 Format Volumes Under Pascal BASICS 45 6 7 Pascal Cold Boot Facilit
55. t is copied back into RAM when BASICS is booted whether from a BASICS only system or a Pascal BASICS system WARNING When you run BOOT PREP APPLESOFT BOOT PREP or a specially constructed user program all of your Apple s RAM is copied into the Warm Boot Area on the disk When you boot BASICS the Warm Boot Area is copied back into RAM and resumes execution The reason the Warm Boot is so important is that it contains the entire state of your Apple When it is loaded back into RAM the machine will be in exactly the same state as it was when Warm Boot was loaded For instance if your Apple was in Applesoft and the slot default was 6 when you ran APPLESOFT BOOT PREP then it will be in the Applesoft with slot 6 the default when the Warm Boot Area is copied back into RAM 5 1 3 Changing the Boot When you first configured your BASICS system the Warm Boot Area was automatically set up with RAM based Applesoft If that s the way you want your Apple to boot fine If you want to boot in some other configuration all you need to do is set up the computer the way you want it to boot and run BOOT PREP APPLESOFT BOOT PREP or your own turn key program described in section 5 2 Example You are now running Applesoft but you want your Apple to boot Integer BASIC Simply switch to integer BASIC JINIT and run BOOT PREP BUN BOOT PREP 56 Note that this will first switch the default slot number to S6 then load and run BOOT PREP
56. the files from the CORVUS BASICS UTILITIES DISKETTE onto volume 1 of the disk That way you will have all these handy programs available on the disk and you will get some practice putting programs on your disk Place the CORVUS BASICS UTILITIES DISKETTE into the floppy drive and copy it to volume 1 on the disk You do not have to INIT the volume COPY2 copies the whole floppy complete with directory ILOAD COPY2 S4 Reply N if you are done copying reply Y if you want to copy more floppies After you are done try this ICATALOG V1 S6 to listthe file on volume 1 of the Corvus drive You should see all the files you just copied from floppy to volume 1 6 6 2 5 COPY2 initialized volume 1 when you copied the UTILITIES DISKETTE to it But the remaining volumes on the disk were zeroed by BFORMAT and must be initialized You can initialize each one when you want to use it but it is easier to use the Corvus program VOLUME INIT to initialize all the volumes at once The program takes four or five seconds per volume JLOAD VOLUME INIT S6 IRUN BULK VOLUME INIT PROGRAM CORVUS SYSTEMS 1979 ENTER FIRST VOLUME NUMBER 2 ENTER LAST VOLUME NUMBER Enter the number of the last volume you want initialized After it is done allow six minutes for 81 volumes all the volumes will be initialized and ready for storing data and you will never have to run it again unless you zero the disk for some reason For more information on
57. tor present you with a and wait for you to type Some Apples will come up in Integer BASIC You will see a gt and the computer will wait for you to type Some Apples will come up with a That indicates Applesoft is running Many Apples notably all Pascal equipped Apples and Apples with Auto Start PROM s require a disk to come up Every time you turn one of these Apples on they go straight to the disk to look for an operating system To configure your 11AP you will want to boot from disk Depending on how your Apple comes up you will use one of these commands 6 lt CTRL gt P gt PR 6 PR 6 Reminder lt CTRL gt P means hold down the lt CTRL gt key while you press P The the gt and the are supplied by the computer you don t type them All these commands do the same thing they tell the computer to boot from slot 6 Note that or would mean boot from slot 4 Pascal always boots from slot 6 never any other slot No command is needed Pascal boots from slot 6 any time power is turned on or lt RESET gt is pressed For more information refer to the section on Booting DOS in Apple s DOS 3 2 Manual and or the sections on Starting up an Apple Pascal System in the Apple Pascal Reference Manual 4 2 Selecting the System Pascal BASICS system lIf your Apple has 48K of RAM and the Apple Language card then you will probably want to use the 11AP in the Pascal
58. tter to transfer VOL1 to VOL2 which means transfer all the files on VOL1 to VOL2 The difference is that the directories are updated correctly volume lengths are handled properly and the destination volume name stays the same For more information consult the Apple Pascal Reference Manual 4 4 16 1 Transfer all the files on the CORVUS PASCAL UTILITIES DISKETTE to 29 KX eee CRE EL EE HEN M a LET LS Ne CU etm PTT ET oper r H ae I Ma te Re fee UE OT NE PSS SR RER rar ae ST dar Fa T TS IMAC TL 2 CORVUS1 onthe disk Place the PASCAL UTILITIES floppy in the floppy drive Use the Filer s T command TRANSFER CORVUS TO WHERE CORVUS1 CORVUS1 SYSTEM APPLE SYSTEM PASCAL SYSTEM MISCINFO SYSTEM EDITOR SYSTEM FILER SYSTEM LIBRARY SYSTEM CHARSET 26 Jul 79 4 May 79 4 May 79 29 Jan 79 24 May 79 22 Jun 79 14 Jun 79 Datafile Datatite Datafile Codefile Codefile Datafile Datafile means give the copied file the same name it had on the original volume When the Filer encounters the files PFORMAT CODE and BOOT DATA it will notice that those files are already on CORVUS1 and ask whether you want to remove the old versions Since both copies are identical answer N SYSTEM SYNTAX 18 Apr 79 Textfile BOOT DATA 27 Sep 79 Datafile PFORMAT CODE 5 Oct 79 Codefile BACKUP CODE 13 Sep 79 Codefile BASICS CODE 27 Sep 79 Codefile BASICS DATA 30 Sep 79 Datafile REST
59. ume DOST on 9 It copied the file BASICS DATA to DOST and created a file called DOSVOLUMES on DOS1 Then it zeroed DOSVOLUMES and dismounted DOST Mount DOS1 before you leave VMGR 6 6 2 Configuring the DOST Volume VMGR s D OSVOL command creates a Pascal volume that contains a 48K Byte Warm Boot Area followed by azeroed area that can hold DOS 3 2 format volumes and space for the file SYSTEM BASIC It is important to understand what the Warm Boot Area and SYSTEM BASIC are The Warm Boot Area contains a snapshot of the Apple s entire main memory all 48K Bytes of RAM If your Apple has less than 48KB of RAM the Area stores whatever you have The DOS 3 2 format volumes are followed by space for a Pascal format file called SYSTEM BASIC When you boot BASICS SYSTEM BASIC is loaded into the Apple Language card and the card is enabled if the file is present Note that when the card is enabled your Apple will execute the language in it There is no way to load the Language Card and boot with some other language running The D OSVOL command fills the Warm Boot Area with a copy of the file BASICS DATA from CORVUS1 and does not create SYSTEM BASIC This section will tell you how to rewrite the Warm Boot Area and create SYSTEM BASIC to make your BASIC SYSTEM come up the way you want 6 6 2 1 What Do You Want You must first decide how you want your BASICS system to boot It depends on how your Apple is equipped and w
60. urn the carriage lock screw counter clockwise until you feel resistance about 19 and one half turns 11 Check to be sure the carriage is really locked Lift one end of the drive then the other If the heads do not stay fully retracted the carriage is not really locked Fully unlock the carriage and then re lock it making sure the heads are retracted before you start engaging the lock IIT Lift This End to Extend Heads Lift This End to Retract Heads Checking head position 3 3 Cabling Be sure the power to both the Apple and to the Corvus power supply are off anytime you install or remove any circuit cards or cables Failure to do so may cause permanent hardware damage to both the 11AP and your Apple This symbol reminds you when the power must be off 2 3 3 1 Disk Drive Flat Cable Personality Card Assembly When you receive your 11AP these three will be connected together already and you may go straight to section 3 3 2 If they have been disconnected or if you would enjoy confirming the assembly here s how The disk drive end of the flat cable is attached to the pins that extend from one end of the drive 12 et aH bu LH I if Es Al PTT AURA rts t TT LUE LA HULL ESA 1 PTT T 1 CPE a ALL TTT CALL TT REREAD HUIT TS Dal aus RIRES ee riora f EREE ER F M F LE EE L 2282223 F LA d P d Flat cable connections WARNING It is possible to connect the flat cabl
61. vailable on the disk and you will get some practice putting programs on your disk Place the CORVUS BASICS UTILITIES DISKETTE into the floppy drive and copy it to volume 1 on the disk You need not initialize volume 1 COPY2 copies the floppy complete with directory JLOAD COPY2 S4 JRUN COPY 2 CORVUS SYSTEMS 1979 USE VOLUME 0 FOR FLOPPY DISKS TO ENTER DEFAULT JUST PRESS RETURN FROM SLOT 6 4 FROM DRIVE 1 FROM VOLUME 1 0 TO SLOT 4 6 TO DRIVE 1 TO VOLUME 0 1 OK TO COPY 7 Y COPY2 will copy all the files on the floppy Slot 4 Drive 1 Volume 0 indicates a floppy to the Corvus drive Slot 6 Drive 1 Volume 1 It will take about a minute After it is done it will give you a chance to copy other files AGAIN Y N Reply N if you are done copying reply Y if you want to copy more floppies to disk 23 DATI CRETE ae aaa EG TETE Ta Re ce RL TP SE SE ORE er Ca ca DIT NEA LE ee ig DIT ir LE OT DEHE er ARTE ir SCANNER SES RIES pee AT T e LC er rl RAR NOTE Teens AE Zi 3 TON ee ROT ASE et T Men Z o a tes ee el ONES Eee EEE B ETES E eE M After you are done try this CATALOG V1 S6 to list the files on volume 1 of the Corvus drive You should see all the files you just copied from floppy to volume 1 4 3 12 COPY2 initialized volume 1 when you copied the UTILITIES DISKETTE to it But the remaining 81 volumes on the disk were zeroed by BF
62. verage Latency iit PR SE NE ES TE ON PIS EDS LEP LE wae KE vine 8 3 milliseconds 7 2 Specifications 7 2 1 Operational Number of disks 2 Number of data surfaces 3 Number of tracks per surface 354 data 4 diagnostic 60 guardband 418 Number of data tracks per surface 350 4 Alternatives Bytes per track unformatted 10 800 Bytes per cylinder unformatted 32 400 Number of data cylinders 350 3 78 Megabytes Bytes per surface unformattedO 11 34 Megabytes Bytes per drive unformatted Track density 300 TPI Bit density 5 868 BPI Rotational Speed 3 600 RMP 1 Average Latency 8 33 ms 9 l 3 Lad 5 l l a E E a E L E 7 2 Specifications cont 7 2 1 Operational cont Single track access time Average access time Maximum access time Data transfer rate Recording code Heads per surface Data heads Servo head Start time Stop time 7 7 2 Physical Dimensions Height Width Length Weight 7 2 3 Environmental Operating Temperature Operating Relative Humidity no condensation Operating Altitude Non Operating Temperature Non Operating Relative Humidity no condensation Temperature Variation Operating Vibration Non Operating Vibration Non Operating Shock 7 3 Reliability 10 ms 50 ms 100 ms 648 Kilobytes second 5 1 mega Hz MFM 1 3 1 15 seconds max 15 seconds max 5 5 max 13 97 cm 8 57 max 21 76 cm 19 25 max 48 89 cm 22
63. y and Turn Key Operation 48 6 8 How the Corvus Pascal BASICS Disk is Organized 49 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION PE COUP DBOOTIDUOR ii va ciate Peas He cee ewe ARAS LOAA 50 De AT CANIS SPP Lin Zo ies INRP GE OS ARE RE ERA re 50 SR LUS es NPER Seana etn Die A OND na 5 ES DOS TE RS SE Are AE OO 51 z h 1 EL ca aan a a C3 CHAPTER 0 THE CORVUS 11AP MASS STORAGE SYSTEM 0 1 What It ls and What It Does The Corvus 11AP is a microprocessor controlled intelligent peripheral that adds high performance mass storage to Apple Computers with DOS or Pascal operating systems The 11AP is totally compatible with Apple hardware and software all programs and peripherals that work on an Apple will work on an Apple with an 11AP The 11AP with one disk drive adds over 9 69 million bytes 9 69 MB of storage capacity to your Apple system You can put as many as four drives on the 11AP with Pascal two with the BASICS only configuration for over 38 7 MB storage the equivalent of 276 floppy disks Summary of Features The 11AP provides 9 69 megabytes of storage and is totally compatible with Apple s DOS 3 2 and Pascal operating systems e The 11AP is faster than a floppy based system The 11AP transfers information many times faster than a floppy system The 11AP is convenient Corvus supplies well engineered friendly utilities that allow you to quickly and easily manipulate the data on the disk The 11AP is accurate
64. y and make you comfortable with your Apple The glossary in the Apple II Reference Manual will help you with the jargon if you already know computers skim The Applesoft Tutorial read the Applesoft II Manual and finish with the DOS 3 2 Manual For information on the Apple s hardware and firmware programs recorded in ROM refer to the Apple II Reference Manual 1 3 Background For Pascal Users If computers are new to you please read Problem Solving With Pascal It is a thick book and may seem forbidding but it s a good way to really learn computers Computer manuals including this one use a lot of technical jargon Refer to the glossaries in Problem Solving With Pascal and in the Apple I Reference Manual for help If you already know computers read the Pascal User Manual and Report Once you know Pascal refer to the Apple Pascal Reference Manual to learn about Apple flavored Pascal The Apple Il Reference Manual describes the Apple s hardware and firmware 1 4 References Here is an annotated partial list of the applicable Apple manuals 1 4 1 Disk Operating System Instructional and Reference Manual also known as DOS 3 2 Manual The Do s and Don ts of DOS and A Manual for Using the Apple Disk II with DOS Version 3 2 by Phyllis Cole and Brian Howard copyright 1979 Apple product number A2L0012 The authority on Apple s DOS 1 4 2 The Applesoft Tutorial by Caryl Richardson copyright 1979 Apple product number A2L0018

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