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1. Figure 50 Weighting factors according to diesel combustion system to correct baseline emission factors Results gt Off Road Results The Off Road Results menu item will activate the procedure of calculating emission results The emission results are presented in the respective form You can select the pollutant of interest with the buttons at the top of the form You can recalculate the results by clicking on the Recalculate button On the bottom of the screen the Report button is available By clicking on this button the form Figure 51 appears On this form there are two button options Fuel Oriented Preview a printable report including fuel aggregated results for the current pollutant Sector Oriented Preview a printable report with results summed up on the basis of the different sectors entered You can move through the different pollutants by clicking on the drop down menu next to the Pollutant label S Heportiny Secun Select Pollutants Figure 51 Form to select report to view 44 8 Compact databases If you often use Copert III you may notice that the two main files Snap07 mdb and Snap08 mdb considerably increase in size To correct this you can run the Compact Databases application found in the task bar under the Copert HI folder Win9x NT 4 0 A standard Windows form will appear Figure 4 The user will then be asked to locate the desired file Snap07 mdb or Snap08 mdb to compact Th
2. 00 oo m0 oon aicutul tacta Diesel Steoet 00 oo m0 _ tomo y Harvesers Contbine DieselStege oo do 3009 foo Des DiselfStane 50 05 309 ton rwhesl acia ps 5 m5 x 3n Poicutualtectes s 50 08 3009 n Hanester Continer E o5 85 309 30 others Bs o as 05 a Dwhesusias Bis o0 88 308 n iwudtatas E 05 55 395 ws Record ia 14 nl of 24 Figure 45 Age distribution collection form Activity Data Diesel Type Mix Concerning diesel fuelled engines the emissions vary according to the engine s combustion layout This means for example that a turbocharged direct injection engine probably has a different emission level than a natural aspirated prechambered one To compensate for those irregularities different emission 40 factors have to be applied As a result the number of diesel engines for each layout has to be entered This is done with the help of the form in Figure 46 You have to enter the engine percentage distribution at the different concepts in the fields provided for that reason Notice that the sum must be 100 With the navigation buttons you can go through all of the vehicles of the current collection equipped with diesel engines For each category the diesel type distribution has to be entered for all power classes To se
3. E Fuel Improved Fuel Qualities Specifications Property Stage 2000 Stage 2005 Fuel considered for the calculations E100 v 7 v E150 A v 7 v romatics vf v xugenates 202 oes vy 7 i stone zo Benzene v v T 8 C stage2tos Gasoline me ima kai O iei Stage 2000 Stage 2005 NET Dieser oo 3 5 TT Sulphur mok o S Figure 9 Advanced fuel consumption specifications Country gt Temperatures In this form Figure 10 the user has to provide values for monthly minimum and maximum temperatures Proposed values according to the country selected exist for several countries but they can be changed by the user The corresponding button has to be pressed User or Copert with Copert being the default selection 17 ES Input Data Section Monthly Temperatures Copent Il Values User Values Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Temperature C Temperature C Temperature C Temperature C J anuary ebruary 7 a t2 zy ril Es T x Lr zu r Figure 10 Monthly minimum and maximum temperatures for cold start calculations Country Reid Vapour Pressure In this form Figure 11 the user provides monthly values for the fuel Reid Vapour Pressure in kPa Again here values are proposed by Copert but the user can use his own values by inputting them under the User Values column a
4. Bene cA EtEismo 289 1 PassencerCas Hase c4 Ect1sm3 3289 1 PassengerCas Gasoline 141 EctisQ 32883 1 Passenger Cas _ Gavalne cA improved Corven 3288 1 CPsssengertars Bes cA Opentoop 288 1 C Psssengertars Base c4 Euo ane 3 1 PassengerCas Gasoline cLAT a 3 T Passenger Cas Beseine LA Euo m Se76a EC Stagezo00 43 T Passenger Cas Gasoline cA Euro S8 69 EC Stage2005 14371 Fasen tas Base A EuoViposznE 3 3 Passenger tas Geson 4 201 PREECE 288 O Passenger Cas Besine 4 20 lecetsaom 283 1 CPsssengertars Besoine 4 201 EtEismo 289 1 PassencerCas Base 4 201 a 289 1 Passenger tas Gasoline 14 201 lece 1s 32883 Passenger Cas Gasoline 14 201 limproved Conventional 3283 1 Pasen tas Beine 4 201 Opentoop 283 1 Record 14 4 ik Iri of 64 Figure 21 Cold start exc
5. BB B3 EC ight Duty Vehicles urn II SS BS EC Stage2000 ight Duty Vehicles urn Iv SB bS EL Stage2005 ight Duty Vehicles urn V post 2005 Apply Mileage Degradation TERES IS EST TEST LIEST TES LT TES RES ERE DP SE TES EE RS ESTEE l MHAHAAUAMI n m e IINE n rn Ha With No IM Effect With IM effect Figure 33 Mean fleet mileage collection form Advanced Load Effect The load percentage corrections are applicable to heavy duty vehicles only and they depend on the vehicle gross weight class and driving mode A default value of 50 is given and this corresponds to the baseline emission factors of Copert In order to apply a different load percentage you need to select the Yes option once you have made your changes To remove the effect of different load percentages just select the No option Needless to say that load percentages should range between 0 and 100 denoting a totally empty or a fully laden vehicle respectively 32 The load correction factors are automatically calculated when you press the OK button Advanced gt Slope Effect In this form Figure 34 the user provides the mean gradient class of the road for different vehicle categories HDV only and different driving modes Click on the drop down menu of each vehicle category to select between 5 gradient classes ranging between 6 uphill driving to 6 downhill driving The 0 slope value means that no changes will be ma
6. This chapter assumes that you are already familiar with the use of the software by having compiled at least one Road Transport inventory This means that you can open and manipulate a run add and edit data and produce results This chapter only demonstrates the necessary steps you have to take in order to include off road machinery data and emissions in your run To enter the off road module you have to select Snap08 mdb from the Windows Start menu 7 1 Menubars Two menu bars are available for using the Snap08 application The Base menubar provides similar but more simplified operations with the one presented in chapter 5 1 for Snap07 and it is not further discussed in the following The Inventory menubar is shown in Figure 4land will be thoroughly examined Fuel Activity Data Emission Factors Results Figure 41 SNAP 08 Menubar items 7 1 1 Fuel Under the Fuel menu item you can find the command Fuel Specifications Fuel gt Fuel Specifications As in the case of Snap 07 the specifications of the fuels used are necessary to compute the emissions produced by the fuel content in several elements To do so click the menu item Fuel Specification This reveals the form of Figure 42 No statistical consumption has to be provided in this case because there is no fuel balance in the case of Snap 08 only fuel content in Lead and Sulphur The H C ratio of the fuel is also necessary for the calculation of CO emissions E Input Section
7. 47 2 EC asaline lt 1 4 Euro lll S8 ES EC Stage2000 PB a0 Gl n azaline 1 4 Euro IV BB BS EL Stage2005 asaline 1 4 Euro V post 005 asaline 1 4 2 0 PRE ECE asoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 00 01 asoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 02 asoline 1 4 2 0 ECE 15 03 Gasoline 1 4 2 0 Record 14 4 1 kj of 34 4 b Export to Excel 97 iedincsnaneon Urban Rural Highway OK Figure 17 Share of evaporation emissions to different driving modes t L l 1 l l l l l l l cl c cjoc cyc c c oc c c jc cocjcoc c c l c3 m m m m nan m m m m m m m m 51 51 m C1 m b cm ed c T um Activity Data Evaporation Share In this form Figure 17 the user inputs the distribution of evaporative emissions to different driving modes Similar to the previous forms Surrogate Modifications and Export to Excel 97 options are activated with use of the respective buttons on the bottom of the screen Activity Data Check After you have entered the mileage and evaporation share to the different driving modes it is obvious that they should sum up to 100 All non zero records not summing up to 100 can be identified by use of the form given in Figure 18 which is presented when the Check option is selected You may correct any of the Urban Rural and Highway value in order to bring the Total to the range of 10096 maximum deviation 0 596 allowed E Input Data Section Checking Driving Mode S
8. 45 95 L 30 soo 20 EssoiecraT jeg 90 45s 9o 30 so ssoinecr4T imsvedtomenins 500 458 900 300 s00 200 esomecrn jnentp 50 498 0 390 sw m0 somen jeuor sUmmEEG S00 0 su 390 sw m0 Essoinecr4T jtuam 9wiz amp c soo 458 90 390 soo zb ssoinecr4T Euo see son 450 soo 300 509 20 ssoiecr4T fuaIV SwewECStoezws son 450 suo 390 s00 70 moe jeuavipsstzms son 450 wo 300 sus zb f GssoineT4 201 PREECE S00 0 m0 300 soo m0 eescineT 201 fecetsmor S 459 soo 390 soo 200 Emomera znr egg soo 49 su 30 sus mo Emoimera z0r equa SO ss su 30 s zo m m rcm sae is Record ae 1 1 iele oF 53 CRINE on Export to Excel 97 Figure 16 Circulation data collection form Subsector Technology 21 E Input Data Section Evaporation Share select Vehicle Category Evaporation Share 49 Passenger Cars Subsector Legislation Standard Urban Rural 3 Highway Gascine CTA PRE ECE 8 g W Gasoine CLA ECE S000 8 1 719 1 asaline 1 4 ECE 15 02 1 asaline lt 1 4 ECE 15 03 asaline 1 4 ECE 15 04 t asaline 1 4 Improved Conventional t asaline 1 4 Open Loop asoline 1 4 Euro S1 441 EEC asaline lt 1 4 Euro ll
9. The following coding is used throughout the manual e Bold characters refer to a button which you can click e Bold Inclined characters are used for fields in which you can click enter read or select values Alternatively they can symbolise a file Inclined characters are used for text you have to type or they refer to chapter names e Underlined characters are used only to emphasise the context Microsoft MS and Microsoft Access are registered trademarks and Windows and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation 5 2 Requirements 2 1 Software installed Copert III is a 32 bit application and 32 bit MS Windows platform i e 95 98 NT is required Therefore the software is not designed for operation in Windows 3 x environment 2 2 Minimum hardware requirements IBM compatible computer Pentium100 16Mb on board memory Colour monitor 15 Graphic card supporting 800 x 640 pixels screen resolution Hard disk or network file server with 15 Mb free space CD Rom 4x or higher Microsoft mouse or other compatible pointing device It has to be noted that a faster processor based computer and or more on board memory are recommended if frequent use of the program is to be expected NID OU oN e IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation 3 Installing Copert III 3 1 Installation procedure 3 1 1 By Internet download You can download the twelve 12 setup dis
10. two columns are provided proposing emission factors for vehicles equipped with evaporation control systems Controlled or without any control devices Uncontrolled Values introduced in the Controlled case for pre Euro I vehicles and in the Uncontrolled case for post Euro I technologies are neglected Again own emission factors may be preserved by selecting the Keep check box for any vehicle technology and evaporation source E Emission Factors Section Fuel Evaporation Corina Standard Diurnal Losses Warm Soak Carb Hat Soak Carb Soak Fuel Injection p Passenger Cas aasoine lt ci4l PREECE S OT L Psssengertas fasone dA Ett onu 1 8 o s PessergerCas eedeca fete toyota o0 Passenger Cas Gasoline 141 EC T5 jT 539 Passenger Cas Gasoline 1 41 ECTS jT 539 Passenger Cars Gasoline 141 improved Conventional i 52 Passenger Cas Gasoline lt 4 OpenLoop INN 5c Passenger Cas Gasoline Al Ewo MAAE m 59 Passenger Cas Gasoline dAl Ewall 34 120 sa Passer Cas Serolne 1 41 Eure I ee Sagezam ii T 3 Passenger Cas Gasoine lt 141 Eure Iv 88 65 EC Stage2005 108 T ss Passenger tas fasone iA jEueVipon2mS O Te 59x PassengerCars fasone 14 201 PREECE 10 amp T 59x Passenger tas Gasoline 14 201 Ec Tg O 108 T a L Passengertas Gasdineld 2
11. Copert III hot start related results will also differ As in the case of Copert 90 the rationale in importing data from Copert II is not to preserve the results of the previous software version but to re estimate emission of past activity data with the new methodology MS Excel 97 data importing You can import data of an Excel spreadsheet into Copert III by following the steps 1 Locate the Data97 xls file which is located on your Copert III installation folder By default the file contains a spreadsheet named DATAtoCOPERT 2 Open the Data97 xls with the MsExcel program Input data in the white colored cells of the spreadsheet The gray colored cells are locked to protect the user from changing the file which may result in data loss You may produce as many runs as you like by making multiple copies of the DATAtoCOPERT spreadsheet and renaming them accordingly or you also make as many copies of the Data97 xls file as you like 3 Save with any name and close the file after you have finished introducing data in Excel format 4 Select File gt Import from gt Excel97 and first locate file xls which includes the data you want to import 13 5 In the filed which will pop up select the spreadsheet which includes the data you want to import The data are automatically transferred to the Copert II environment 6 Save your Copert III run with the new format by selecting File gt Save as Data imported from Excel spread
12. T ob i56 XP ws bb OUT Ss ns Dwad ao an v3 xo sn 1er on cop owug mm owned 1 ILE Ded UR ME P um p Xr xs wu pO Cha Ha fio i Bn PP D Verdi n ag oo ap ug no Gb ga DD un pp j E IT 4i 18 ag oo bb jme mur gy ur o5 ju ar aa on bb jJ gu ITI Do TAN EE ad co a wu us ana i oe ug o0 bb NE aa nn po j WAC T ij un bu il M j Figure 44 Power distribution collection form Activity Data Age Distribution Age Distribution Provide the distribution of the vehicles into different age classes Figure 45 The application of special degradation factors will be possible if the age of the vehicles is known The sum of the age distribution figures should also equal 10046 in this case Age PSE EHE CNNNNN RN Age Distribution Y ears Subsector Total 0 2 2 10 10 30 e 3 4 20 99 Pgicduslucos Died 308 400 200 999 Hanvesters Conbine Dis 300 oo 200 909 Dhes pes 08 05 305 30 Z heel tacto Dese 05 oo wooo tooo Agiculucl tacta Desdistgen oo oo f moo _ moa awvesters Combnes Desde 09 oo 300 oa Other Diesel Staoe oo oo 100 _ 100 nnee actor Diesel Steget
13. effect The user can see which categories have changed from leaded to unleaded AFTER the calculations have finished under the drop down menu Advanced gt Unleaded Allocation i EBERT Fuel Data Figure 8 Baseline fuel consumption specifications 16 On the lower left corner the button Advanced is found which opens the popup form of Figure 9 This form contains advanced fuel characteristics that the user has to provide for future fuel types On the right corner of this form the user can choose between three fuel types Base Fuel Stage 2000 and Stage 2005 The default value is Base Fuel If this option is selected then all vehicles are assumed to operate on a conventional Base fuel corresponding to 1996 EUI5 market average The introduction of improved Stage 2000 and Stage 2005 fuel types will have a positive effect not only on the corresponding vehicle technologies to be launched in 2000 and 2005 respectively but also to older vehicle technologies The fuel properties for base fuel cannot be modified by the user default However fuel properties of Stage 2000 and Stage 2005 are proposed in the relevant fields and can be also modified Selection of any of the future fuel qualities corresponds to an equal reduction of both the hot and cold start emission factors compared to the base case fuel Sulphur values which are relevant for advanced fuel use corrections are automatically transferred from the previous form Figure 8
14. necessary for the compilation of annual national inventories However they are of significant value when different scenarios need to be run for case studies This manual discusses all advanced features This report is designed in order to help Copert III users to produce in a short time a complete annual national emission data set from road transport and off road machinery Hence the manual is divided in several chapters The different chapters include all information needed to build a complete data set assuming that the user has no former experience in using Copert III but he is quite familiar with the methodology and the terminology used A background knowledge in using MS Windows is also expected although no special skills are required Major attention has been given to ensure that no erroneous data are inserted This can certify reasonable results It cannot guarantee their accuracy though if input data do not correspond to reality This is a user responsibility In order to be compatible with the application this manual is designed in the same way that the software is developed The contents in the manual are structured in the same order as the respective forms appear when preparing the inventory Hence it would be efficient to work with the program in parallel as you read the manual This is a rather tutorial use of this book In any case you can always refer to it for specific problems when you are quite acquainted with its use
15. procedure has been completed you are ready to start the application Three new icons will have been added in the Start up menu Click Snap07 or Snap08 for compiling an inventory for Road Transport or Off Road Machinery respectively Refer to chapter 8 on how to use the Compact Databases icon 3 2 De installation procedure To completely de install the program from your computer On your Windows Task Bar select Start gt Settings gt Control Panel and double click the Add Remove Programs icon From the list select Copert III A typical Windows De installation procedure will follow Select the Remove All option After doing so Copert III will have been completely removed from your computer 4 Structure of the program To have a better understanding of the program use it would be helpful to familiarise yourself also with its structure This chapter helps you use the software more efficiently and take advantage of its special features The core of Copert III consists of two files named Snap07 mdb and Snap08 mdb and correspond to Road Transport and Off Road Machinery respectively The files provide the user interface and include all the necessary modules to calculate emission factors and emission results for Road Transport and Off Road Machinery respectively Importing from older Copert versions and exporting to ImportER are also possible through those files Finally they retrieve and save the data Snap0x mdb are secured files That means
16. produce the final emission results Application of this button introduces the effect of all changes to the activity data emission factors and advanced features to the final result Also in case the run has been compiled be importing data from previous Copert versions application of this button makes sure that although activity data from the imported run will be preserved all emission factors and results will correspond to the new methodology All other Recalculate buttons encountered in different forms should only be applied to recalculate results only of the specific form Table of contents AEE TANTS AUEOM A gas et t easeetae ane 3 Important Informatioh zie eua eer e cei een een eee tees a ees 3 T AEF OCU CLION aii uie do IR IER EDaDEe Esc tieu puedes Qual Cade Vs Ul vedete aS 5 Zi Redgulrements 2 e nodi ei o DOE aded uini d seis Er En 5 2 1 Software installed oett esed pice PUERO EE 6 2 2 Minimum hardware requirements eeeceee eene e eene eee ee eee eene nennen nennen 6 3 installing Copertina ret Eoi a Eoi Mood Eas OI deat eae idsaandes 7 31 Installati n proc dure iiri r ad top a a E amies AAA ees 7 3 2 De nstallation procedure idiot oo dia ee one ub tomers oabeaaasdiarneeeaseetsslansduceisonds 8 4 Str cture of the program reo eo ite Eine oe Erin cies 9 5 Starting Copert l SnapO7 ioter E o eM 9 5 1 Menubar 1 Base menubDar ueceeteic ee iaa dac H iE Sana RR Rein uve dux UY EA RUSSE PH Rb e o
17. 0I EcE T 10 amp T 5991 PassengerCars fasone 14 201 EcE pg 10m T 59x 1 PassengerCars fasone 14 201 ECE TQ 10 amp T 59m 1 PassengerCar Gasoline 14 201 Improved Conventional 148 T smy PassengerCars fasone 14 201 OpenLeon OO H amp T 591 PassengerCars Gasoline 1 1 201 Eunl SI 441 EEC 14180 530 Record I4 4 f iF r LEa of 51 Figure 22 Evaporation factors results form m ta oo T3 P3 P3 Py SS P P 5 2 4 Results Under the Results menu Figure 23 you may find the commands Hot Stabilised Cold Excess Evaporation TOTAL Fuel Balance NMVOC Speciation and Run Details 25 Results Advanced Add ES Hat Stabilised Cold Excess ES Evaporation TOTAL ES Fuel Balance NMVOC Speciation ES Run Details Figure 23 Results menu item contents Results Hot stabilised Figure 24 presents the form of the hot emission results according to pollutant driving mode and vehicle technology Results are presented in tonnes for all major gaseous pollutants and in kg for heavy metals The user can move between different pollutants by selecting them in the list located on top of the form The Recalculate button introduces to the results any changes brought to the Fleet Info data or directly to the emission factors No emiss
18. E rll E L F F IF P B Retains do om F LM Figure 27 Totals hot amp cold start amp evaporation results form Results Fuel Balance The fuel balance Figure 28 provides a control point to compare the statistical fuel consumption provided in the respective form Figure 8 with the total fuel consumption calculated by the software The deviation between the two values should not exceed a few percentage units for the input data to be considered representative of their application Therefore this check can provide a verification of the overall accuracy of the input data and that no severe inconsistencies have been introduced into the calculations If a significant deviation exists between the two values then you should make sure that the statistical fuel consumption has been introduced correctly and it corresponds to the real amount of fuel consumed by vehicles operating in the area selected for the inventory If this figure is correct then some of the activity data 28 need modifications To obtain a better match between the statistical and calculated fuel consumption one may propose e Modify the mileage fraction allocated to different driving modes Figure 15 Emission and consumption factors vary according to driving mode and therefore wrong estimations of the distance travelled under different conditions may provide an erroneous final result e Modify the speeds attributed to different driving mode
19. Fuel Specifications Fuel Specifications rpe o o v s Figure 42 Fuel specifications collection form Enter the necessary figures for the Diesel Gasoline and LPG fuels and click OK to exit 7 1 2 Activity Data Under the Activity Data menu item you can find the commands N HRS LF Power Distribution Age Distribution Diesel Type Mix 38 Activity Data gt N HRS LF Selecting the menu item N HRS LF will lead you in the form shown in Figure 43 The different fields are described next Vehicle population Enter the number of vehicles engines of the specific category Annual Working Hours Enter the working hours for each machinery type for the time scale of application e g annual working hours seasonal working hours etc Load Factor An estimation of the average work load factor of the vehicles E Input Section Activity Data Activity Data iB Agriculture D 100 123 5858 1509 150 Figure 43 Activity data collection form Activity Data Power Distribution Power Distribution kW Enter the percentage distribution of each machinery type into several power output categories Figure 44 The emissions of the different machinery differs for different power classes Notice that the program will not let you provide a distribution that does not result in a sum of 100 39 LEM begged Oe Fn lipie Power Distribution PAID Dad a x
20. M rir REM ERE h 10 5 2 Menubar 2 Inventory menubar eeeeec eese sense eee eene eene nnne nennen 14 6 Atypical CORINAIR EU cede oo 04g 102i quie o ioo a ida Mood ends adt 37 7 Snap 08 Off road machinery i pisei idi nd OI Or ere dude o cuu uedae 38 4 4 Menubdsci c rio dat vada vd EI Iu i D E Ei MU 38 8 Compact databases oe dives eie ohue ooo bd oesa ue u bau PE edu ie aua op dS ab pei spa RU 45 9 TIGRIS PERO MT 46 1 Introduction Copert III is an MS Windows software program which is developed as a European tool for the calculation of emissions from the road transport sector An additional module covers emissions from various off road internal combustion engines The emissions calculated include regulated CO NO VOC PM and unregulated pollutants N O NH SO NMVOC speciation and fuel consumption is also computed A detailed methodology supports the software application For more information regarding the methodology the user should consult the Methodology report Copert III is an updated version of Copert II including both revised methodological elements and a reworked user interface aiming at a faster compilation of annual national inventories The new features of Copert III include an extended list of pollutants the effect of vehicle age mileage on emissions an option to enable or disable the unleaded gasoline allocation to pre catalyst vehicles and others Not all of those elements are
21. Technical report No 50 COPERT IlI Computer programme to calculate emissions from road transport User manual Version 2 1 Chariton Kouridis Leonidas Ntziachristos and Zissis Samaras ETC AEM November 2000 M European Environment Agency amp Cover design Rolf Kuchling EEA Legal notice The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission or other European Communities institutions Neither the European Environment Agency nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet It can be accessed through the Europa server http europa eu int OEEA Copenhagen 2000 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Denmark Printed on recycled and chlorine free bleached paper European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 DK 1050 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel 45 33 36 71 00 Fax 45 33 36 71 99 E mail eea eea eu int http www eea eu int Initialisation To initiate the software use the following Logon data Name copuser Password blank i e no password required Important information The Recalculate All button which is located on the right bottom corner of the TOTAL results form and on the Fuel Balance form performs all necessary calculations to
22. Unleaded C Catalyst without Evap Calculations Diesel C 2 Stroke Engine LPG Cold Start Modelling Fuel Tech C With Cold Start Calculations ise ie foe tone ia Base without Cold Start Calculations unleaded allocation z Stage 2000 C Stage 2005 Figure 39 New technology characteristics Fuel Type choose the Fuel Type used for this vehicle category This is used to correctly allocate the consumption of the specific technology 35 Technology choose whether this technology is conventional catalyst or a 2 Stroke one This information is required to accurately allocate the emissions of the new technology when exporting results to ImportER Evaporation Modelling choose whether you wish to calculate fuel evaporation emissions for this new technology Evaporation emission factors will be calculated either with the Standard Corinair or with the Alternative Approach according to user s choice Cold Start Modelling choose whether cold start emission should be allocated to this vehicle technology With regard to hot emission factors and cold start overemissions no calculations are performed for this new technology but the user has to provide own values This is because the actual vehicle technology for this new technology is not known therefore no estimation may be made a priori On the other hand concerning fuel evaporation emissions due not depend on vehicle technology other than the distinction to cont
23. an be found under the menu item Degradation Those degradation factors depend on the pollutant and the fuel used They express the expected degradation percentage of the engine per year Figure 48 E Input Section Degradation Factor Degradation Factor per year Diese d Figure 48 Degradation factor to compensate for machinery age Emission Factors gt Evaporation Vehicles equipped with gasoline engines contribute to the total emissions also due to evaporation effects You have to provide emission factors for evaporation from gasoline engines The form of Figure 49 is used for that reason Provide the emission factors at the respective field For vehicles in the same subsector select between 2 stroke and 4 stroke engines by using the respective buttons G2S and GAS at the top of the form 42 ES Input Section Evaporation Factors Evaporation pee sf industry Subsector Evaporation Factor 4sphaltConcrete Pavers 1 Plate compactors T ampers Rarnmers 32 Rollers Trenchers Mini Excavators Excavators wheel crawler type Cement and Mortar Mixers ce ff Highway Trucks ull Dozers wheel crawler type ractors Loaders Backhoes ikid Steer Tractors verial Lifts Fokis 0 B enerator Sets GI i 53 na n en x C Th Pa r3 ra Cr e e en t n ul baj r3 r3 Pay r3 nra OF ca en en oo en oo Lp bij hi e cn nm ci a ra tr
24. and performance of the database it is a good habit to often use the Compact Databases application This application is presented as an icon after you have installed the application More information can be found in chapter 8 When you initially start any of the Snap07 mdb or Snap08 mdb files they contain no data The data should be transferred into the system either by hand or by importing from older Copert versions or importing from MS Excel In any case the group of activity data emission factors and results are termed as a run Only one run may be active each time the current run The current run can be edited and updated and can be saved at any instance No runs are kept in the SnapX mdb files but in separate databases named by the user Therefore you may modify the data directly in their respective store files However this is a delicate procedure since any abnormal modification may harm the run and make it unreadable by the core system files Therefore one should be very careful in changing only the content and not the structure of the store files For more information on the structure of such files contact the software developers 9 9 Starting Copert Ill SnapO7 You can start using the software by clicking on Snap07 from the task bar Win9x NT 4 0 After doing so you will be encountered with a Logon dialogue box which is used for security reasons Figure 1 Logon COpUSer Password o Figure 1 Logon box
25. appeared when staring the application In the Logon dialogue box enter copuser in the Name field and leave the Password field blank Click OK to proceed or Cancel to abort The name used is common for all Copert III users and has been transferred from Copert II An introductory form is presented after the OK button has been clicked in which all countries taking part in the CORINAIR inventory are present Figure 2 By clicking the About button found on the bottom of the form you can obtain information on how to receive solutions to any of the problems that might arise while using the application By clicking the OK button you are actually starting the application COUPEHA I Ill TM CEIJAM a l Figure 2 Countries participating in the CORINAIR activities 5 1 Menubar 1 Base menubar You are now introduced with a new feature of Copert III the menubars As soon as you Start the application a menubar appears Figure 3 with two drop down menus File and Help 10 Eile Help 3 New i Open mj Save Help Save as amp Contents and Index Export kos I Copert II on the Web Import from 4 Ee ee LOS Close About Capert III eb Print EN Page Setup Print Preview Exit Figure 3 Menubar 1 items 5 1 1 File This item provides all tools to manipulate your inventory files Under the File menu item you can find the commands New Open Save Save as Export to Import from C
26. be modelled Advanced Add Reduction Percentage Mileage Degradation Load Effect Slope Effect s Unleaded Allocation Correction Coefficients 4 Load Correction Slope Correction Mileage Degradation IM Mileage Degradation No IM Figure 32 Advanced menu item contents Advanced Reduction Percentage The reduction percentages for hot emission factors of all post EURO I technologies are driving mode and pollutant dependent The reduction percentages express the decrease of the hot emission level of recent and future 31 vehicle technologies over the EURO I emission level depending on the pollutant considered Although an inclusion of Euro V passenger cars has been accommodated no estimation for their emission level can be done and therefore a default reduction of 100 has been introduced which should be changed by the user when experimental data become available Advanced Mileage Degradation The form of Figure 33 is used to collect the mean cumulative fleet mileage in kilometres for each vehicle technology In other words the mean distance travelled by the fleet vehicles of the specific technology level since their introduction in the market This value is then used to provide an emission degradation factor depending on vehicle age or total mileage driven Relevant degradation factors are only given for EURO I and later passenger cars and light duty vehicles only and apply to hot emissions onl
27. ced Section New Technology Name Provide New Technology Name Existing Names PRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Conventional Open Loop Eurol 91 447 EEC Euro ll 94 1 2 EC Euro lll 38 53 EL Stagez000 Euro V S8 B53 EC Stage2005 Euro past 005 Conventional Euro 33 59 EEC Euro Il 36 68 EC Provide Hew Technology Mame Ne echnology Figure 38 New technology name In the next step you need to introduce a new technology to be appended in the new subsector This is made by means of the form in Figure 38 You need to provide a name for the new technology in the field on the bottom of the form which should not much any of the given names of the default technologies included in the Copert III database structure and click the Add button This has been decided to avoid conflicts of the new with the existing technologies After appending the new Technology you need to provide several information elements which will be used in the subsequent calculations Those are collected by means of the form given in Figure 39 The necessity of the several fields included is described in the following ES Advanced Section New Technology Specifications New Technology Specifications Sector Subsector Technology Passenger Cars Gasoline 1 4 NewTechnalogy Fuel Type Technology Evaporartion Modelling iss Leaded Conventional C With Evap Calculations
28. commands New Technology and New Subsector Add Mew Technology Mew Subsector Figure 35 Add menu tem contents Add gt New Subsector This option may be used when a new subsector needs to be introduced under one of the five main vehicle sectors Passenger Cars Light Duty Vehicles Heavy Duty 33 Vehicles Mopeds and Motorcycles The subsector may include several technologies To introduce a new subsector you need to select a name in the form of Figure 36 after selecting the respective option in Figure 35 A list of the available subsector names is also given The name you have provided in the Provide new subsector name field should NOT be the same with any of the names in the list Otherwise a warning message will appear After clicking the Add Subsector button in Figure 36 the form of Figure 37 appears In this form the user chooses under which Sector he wishes to classify the new Subsector Select the Sector from the list and click the Append Subsector button 5 Bebeoeee Bele tiM Nee Subseries Nae Frovide New Subsector anims ch 41 Carmina 14 201 Carine 14 fl Chapel cz n eps zz II LF SE T cain JH Disp INE Cama 15 ioi 35 7 5I Deni T 5 151 Disa TE XUI acad 3 208 Likas Eurer Figure 36 Introduction of new subsector fiers Seton fie hes Sols eo E Selec sector la append new subsector Legh Lak i mecha Hinis hab Vbi es Figure 37 Sector on which to base new subsector 34 Advan
29. d are used to preview printable summary reports on total emissions according to driving mode urban rural highway or emission source hot cold evaporation respectively Similar reports were also produced in Copert II Additionally the Multiple Reports button allows the user to directly print several reports by selecting the respective fields in a pop up form Also all results calculated can be exported to Excel by selecting the respective button Note The Recalculate All button located on the right bottom corner of the form performs all necessary calculations to produce the emission results Application of this button introduces the effect of all changes to the activity data emission factors and advanced features and one may be sure that the final values of the calculations are provided when clicking this button However this action needs to be made again if further changes to any of the activity data or emission factors have taken place Also in case the run has been compiled be importing data from previous Copert versions application of this button makes sure that although activity data from the imported run will be preserved all emission factors and results correspond to the new methodology This action may take several seconds depending on the computer used grien ola Emm Pollutant co 12 Pi W 1 mmm d1m5X3 PUR E nean pe 135 ne end A LIRE SE LR
30. de to the baseline emission factors even road even if the user has clicked the Yes button The different road gradient corrections are only applicable for a limiting and reasonable speed range The correction factors are automatically calculated when you press the OK button e Advanced gt Unleaded Allocation This form provides information on which vehicle categories the fuel type used has been shifted from Leaded Gasoline to Unleaded Gasoline during the Unleaded Allocation algorithm The form provides two columns one with the Default Fuel Type which is assumed prior to unleaded allocation and one under the New Fuel Type name which provides the fuel type considered after the unleaded fuel allocation to pre catalyst vehicle technologies The changes are temporary and can be cancelled if a different value is given for the statistical consumption of unleaded fuel or in case that the unleaded allocation is cancelled by means of the relevant field in Figure 8 ES Advanced Section Road Slope Road Slope Sector Subsector Technology Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 35 7 5t Conventional Rural Highway Speed km h fall Slope Class Apply Road Slope Correction Info on Slope Record 14 4 1 nf 36 Figure 34 Introduction of mean slope of roads 5 2 6 Add This menu item should be used when additional vehicle categories to the ones offered by Copert need to be introduced Under the Add menu Figure 35 one may find the
31. ded fuel will be consumed by the vehicles When Yes is the answer to the question then the statistical value for leaded consumption will automatically be set to 0 and the default value for the unleaded allocation calculations will be set to No The second option Should unleaded gasoline be allocated to pre catalyst vehicles enables the user to decide whether the calculation should take on board the unleaded fuel allocation to pre catalyst passenger cars and is relevant to pre 2000 corresponding inventories The default value is Yes which means that unleaded fuel allocation will take place The unleaded allocation function compares the unleaded fuel consumption calculated by Copert III on the basis of relevant consumption factors see 5 2 3 with the statistical consumption provided by the user If the statistical value of unleaded fuel is larger than the one calculated the reasonable assumption is made that some owners of pre catalyst vehicles operate their vehicles on unleaded fuel to benefit from the lower price In this case a loop is performed where the gasoline type attributed to pre catalyst vehicles which by default is considered as leaded will change to unleaded until the calculated consumption becomes equal or just larger than the statistical one The loop is performed with the order given in Table 4 5 of the Methodology report On the other hand if the statistical unleaded consumption is less than the calculated one no changes take
32. ent pollutants Included in the list is also the fuel consumption for stabilised engine temperature FC Emission factors can be exported to Excel 97 by clicking the Export to Excel 97 button The Recalculate button on the right bottom corner of the form executes the modules to calculate the hot emission factors in case the user has made changes during the session When one wishes to introduce own emission factors and not use the values proposed by the software the Keep check box needs to be selected next to the emission factor value introduced for any vehicle technology In the subsequent calculations the original value given by the user will be used by the program with no additional corrections for mileage degradation load and slope effect and so on This value will not be changed when recalculating results In order to restore this emission factor to the Copert III calculated value you need to deselect the Keep option and recalculate the emission factors MZ ODDS UDTEL NITET T Fi Pollutant CO Pen ros voc mi FC mus Wm Ow Figure 20 Hot emission factors results form 23 Emission Factors gt Excess Cold Emissions This spreadsheet like form Figure 21 is of the same principals as the hot emission factors form However cold excess emission factors are temperature dependant and therefore an additional list of months January to December is given on the top of the form except of the list of pollutants and fuel consum
33. es not include 2 stroke engines and that when summed up the NMVOC species list gives a lower value than total NMVOC emissions because some of NMVOC is considered to be PAHs and POPs The total calculated when summing up the NMVOC list is equal to the fraction given in Table 5 36b of the Methodology report ES NHVYOC Speciation NMVOC Speciation Open chain and single ring hydrocarbons Category Species Hot t Cold H Evap t Total t L c m on m D u a n qe zn oo rm oo co I EJE ALKANES 6923 1622 61511 ALKANES isopentane 2 0704 483 5 12 6117 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons dioxines and furans Category Species Total g PAHs amp POPs PAHs amp POPs 2 121 9880 Figure 30 NMVOC species list and corresponding contribution 1 833 553 0 111 465 6 Results Run Details The form of Figure 31 provides a summary of the current run and lists some of its basic characteristics such as Name Date Country selected It also shows which parameters have received Copert or user values what assumptions have been made for the leaded unleaded gasoline used and which corrections e g Load Slope IM effect have been introduced in the calculations It also shows on what fuel specifications 1996 Market Average Euro 2000 or Euro 2005 have been based the calculations For the advanced features a detailed description is given in the following section
34. ess emission factors results form Emission Factors gt Evaporation gt Alternative Approach A similar form to Figure 22 is proposed for evaporation emission factors in the case of the Alternative Approach Details on this approach can be found in the methodology report In this apporach since no distinction is made to warm and hot soak losses and to losses from carburettor or fuel injection equipped vehicles only three buttons are present on the top of the form Diurnal Hot Soak Running Losses Evaporation emission factors calculated with this option are 24 again only relevant to gasoline powered vehicles It is assumed that all vehicles up to the Open Loop technology are uncontrolled and all three way catalyst equipped vehicles are controlled ones Furthermore a distinction is made to controlled vehicle technologies with regard to their canister efficiency In those cases where the Base Fuel has been selected Figure 9 two different canister efficiencies are assumed for pre 2000 and post 2000 controlled vehicle technologies because of the different evaporation control legislation valid for the different technologies In the cases where either Stage 2000 or Stage 2005 fuel grades have been selected the canister efficiency is the same for all controlled vehicle technologies corresponding to post 2000 values because of the maximum summer RVP value 60 kPa introduced with Directive 98 70 EC With regard to the interface details of the form
35. et Info Circulation Info Evaporation Share Check Activity Data Emission Factors Results Advanced Ac Fleet Info Circulation Info Evaporation Share Reports E E Fleet Data E Mileage Distribution Bg vehicle Speed Tl Evaporation Distribution dg slope Factor f Load Factor Check E Driving Mode Share ES Evaporation Share 4 Reports Figure 14 Activity data menu item content Activity Data Fleet Info In this form Figure 15 the user can input data for Population Annual Mileage km year percentage of vehicles equipped with Fuel Injection and percentage of vehicles equipped with Evaporation Control To move between vehicle categories two buttons on top of the form are placed The Surrogate Population Modification button gives the user the option to input the same number for population for the current Vehicle Category A similar button for the mileage this time is the Surrogate Mileage Modification The Multiply Mileage button multiplies the Mileage by a constant value provided by the user This option may be of particular use when trying to obtain a better fuel balance The Export to Excel 97 button exports the current data to an Excel spreadsheet for further processing or review 20 E Input Data Section Fleet Data Select Vehicle Category Fleet Data La Light Duty Vehicles J gt Subsector Legislation Standard Population 2n Ie EA ra MGadedu oed cT sm omm o DesPG35t Convent
36. et up floppy disks Copert III can be provided in 12 Windows set up disk files Those set up disks will install the application in your computer The installation procedure is described through the following steps 1 Enter MS Windows If you are already using Windows please make sure that all of your MS Office applications have been terminated 2 Insert in the 3 floppy disk drive the diskette labelled Disk 1 3 Click the Start button and select Run 4 In the field that pops up type x setup exe where x is the letter of the Floppy Disk Drive 5 Click the OK button By doing so you have entered a typical Windows application set up environment You can proceed with the installation as usually 3 1 3 By set up compact disk Copert III can be also provided in Windows set up disk files stored in a CD ROM Those set up disks will install the application in your computer The installation procedure is described through the following steps 1 Enter MS Windows If you are already using Windows please make sure that all of your MS Office applications have been terminated 2 Insert the CD into the CD ROM drive 3 Click the Start button and select Run 4 In the field that pops up type x setup exe where x is the letter of the CD ROM Drive 5 Click the OK button By doing so you have entered a typical Windows application set up environment You can proceed with the installation as usually After the installation
37. hare Sector Passenger Cars Subsector Gasoline lt 1 4 Technology PRE ECE 4 Ld Urban Rural Highway Total 20 0 UK Figure 18 Driving mode share checking form Activity Data gt Reports You may print summary reports on the Fleet Data Mileage Distribution Vehicle Speed Evaporation Distribution Slope Factor Load Factor data by selecting this option You may first have a preview of the reports under this drop down menu and then you can print the selected ones by following a standard printing procedure 22 5 2 3 Emission and consumption factors Under the Emission Factors menu Figure 19 you may find the commands Hot Stabilised Excess Cold Emission and Evaporative Emission Factors Results Advanced Add EE Hot Stabilised Cold Excess Evaporation l4 Standard Corinair Alternative Approach Figure 19 Emission factors menu item contents Emission Factors Hot Stabilised The spreadsheet like form Figure 20 provides a general view of the Hot Stabilised Emission Factors under three different columns Urban Rural Highway Those emission factors correspond to vehicle emissions when the engine and exhaust components have reached their nominal operation temperature Only emission factors corresponding to non zero population of vehicle categories and vehicle technologies will be shown The list of pollutants on top of the form is used to select emission factors for the differ
38. he cold start emission estimates 19 E Input Data Section Monthly Canister Efficiency Default Values User Values Prior to 2000 Post 2000 Prior to 2000 Post 2000 way 5 y o Hi may 5 s 980 95 J pac f 80 s 9 jam ca 1 9 je 959 90 9 5 9 5 ue 3599 a0 9 5 1 9 J uy 59 8 9 5 95 ost ee 9s 1 95 J peteme 3 8 8 9 5 9 J ewe o 980 s 95 J Nevenber 59 8 s 9 Deme 59 8 s 1 Figure 13 Canister efficiency for alternative evaporation calculations Note For those counties where no canister efficiencies are available it is suggested that values corresponding to a country of similar climate conditions may be used with good confidence 5 2 2 Activity data Under the Activity Data menu Figure 14 you may find the options Fleet Info Circulation Info Evaporation Share Check gt Driving Mode Share Check gt Evaporation Share Reports Fleet Data Mileage Distribution Vehicle Speed Evaporation Distribution Slope Factor Load Factor Activity Data Emission Factors Results Advanced Add Fle
39. he user has created imported or opened a run a second menubar appears Figure 5 to help him add or edit the data of the current inventory Country Activity Data Emission Factors Results Advanced Add Figure 5 Menubar 2 contents This menubar has the following dropdown menus Country Activity Data Emission Factors Results Advanced Add 14 5 2 1 Country Under the Country menu Figure 6 you can find the commands Select Fuel Temperatures Reid Vapour Pressure Cold Start Parameters Canister Efficiency ll Country Activity Data Emissic Select Fuel Temperatures Reid vapor Pressure Cold Start Parameters Canister Efficiency Figure 6 Country menu item contents Country gt Select By selecting a country from the list on the Select Country form Figure 7 you will be proposed with available data for the country selected in the subsequent sessions of the software such as monthly temperatures fuel vapour pressure mean trip distance etc When you need to add a country not included in the list then select User and provide the name of the country in the subsequent pop up form Not all of the countries have submitted official data in the previous Copert exercises therefore country specific data are not available for each country in the list National experts are advised to contact the software developers when such data become available or need to be updated to take it into account in future versions of the
40. ion factors are recalculated with this action and advanced Copert III characteristics modifications are introduced in the software The Export to Excel 97 button exports results to Excel format Jm Horr gozler Fel Eee Pollutant Figure 24 Hot emissions results form Resulis gt Excess cold Figure 25 presents the total excess emissions produced during the engine operation under transient thermal conditions Although only an urban emission factor has been proposed for excess cold emissions total emissions during thermally transient engine operation can also be allocated to rural driving in special circumstances Those special cases are thoroughly discussed in the methodology and the applied algorithm for the allocation of cold start excess emissions in different driving modes is given on chapter 4 6 of the Methodology report Similarly to the previous case the Recalculate button needs to be clicked to introduce any changes Similar to the hot emission factor case the Recalculate button does not recalculate the cold overemission values in case that any of the activity data have been changed Results may also be exported to Excel by clicking the respective button 26 39 Hore Sect Iz RIPE Pollutant Er p Figure 25 Cold start related results form Results Evaporation This form Figure 26 presents the emission results due to fuel evaporation in tons according to driving mode and evaporation source Fuel evaporatio
41. ion of the fuel consumption factors are multiplied by the ratio Statistical Total Calculated fuel consumption for each fuel type In order to apply this correction the statistical fuel consumption needs to be introduced In case the relevant figures miss the user is prompted to provide them by the message box of Figure 29 You should click Yes if you want to provide the statistical fuel consumption for the specific fuel type or No to ignore the correction and calculate results on the basis of the calculated fuel consumption only Naturally if the No option is chosen this would mean that no statistical consumption figures exist for the specific fuel type therefore the fuel balance is not valid Copert IIl SNAPO 2 0 e Allthough a non zero value has been calculated for LPG you have provided no value for the statistical LPG consumption IF vou choose TES you should provide the statistical value IF you choose NO then the Fuel Balance will not be valid Figure 29 Information message in case of zero statistical consumption 29 Results gt NMVOC Speciation This form given in Figure 30 provides the total NMVOC speciation in different hydrocarbon species originating both from exhaust and evaporation emissions The upper part of the form presents the emissions of open chain and aromatic hydrocarbons in t and the lower part the total emissions of PAHs and POPs including furans and dioxins in g Please note that the speciation do
42. ional 5 2mp U 9 Desi FueI SWSSEEC SO aux 0 9 DesPhkGBt FueI SSES 50x znw 0 9 Diet Euei SSSMECSISEAUU SOxi zx 0 9 DesGG5t FueVieszme Son anp u 9 Record Nf 4 FIle of 12 Export to Excel 37 Surrogate Population Modification Multiply Mileage Surrogate Mileage Modification Sts Figure 15 Activity data collection form Activity Data Circulation Info Figure 16 shows the input form aiming at collecting the average speed and the mileage percentage driven by each vehicle technology per driving mode Several buttons on the bottom of the screen allow surrogate modifications of the speeds and shares per driving mode for each vehicle category Provide the value to be introduced in all technologies of the current vehicle category in the pop up form after clicking each button Also you may export all results in an Excel 97 spreadsheet by clicking the Export to Excel 97 button E Input Data Section Circulation Data x ect Vehicle Cate egarv Circulation Data Ea ee Cars ES Speed km h Driving Share Urban Rural Highway Urban Rural Highway pse pee e ST so x5 5 mw Eme ee S 500 459 suo 390 ss 200 Esscine cn ErEq2 sos eo sm L 390 soo 200 Esscine cn ees sos
43. is application restores the original size of these two files Since a standard database repairing procedure is also initiated when you use this application also try the Compact Databases option if you encounter any erroneous operation of the Snap07 mdb or Snap08 mdb files If the problem persist then you should contact the Copert Hot Line 9 Hot line In case you need assistance with installing and running the application contact Chariton Kouridis e mail ckouridi egnatia ee auth gr tel 3031 996051 Leonidas Ntziachristos e mail leon eng auth gr tel 3031 996061 Zissis Samaras e mail zisis eng auth gr tel 3031 996014 46
44. j cen al th BOT Record i4 4 i 1 HI rx ot 23 Ei Figure 49 Fuel evaporation factor for gasoline engines Evaporation emission factors are proposed for both engine types You can either keep the values proposed or enter your own Emission Factors Weighting The emission factors already presented in the previous paragraphs are baseline emission factors This means that they are common figures for each pollutant fuel used and power class In the case of diesel engines as has already been mentioned a more detailed specification is necessary according to the combustion layout of the engine Different type diesel engines present different emission levels If the same emission factors have to be used for all diesel engines baseline emission factors they have to be corrected with special correction or weighting factors Those special factors are function of the pollutant concerned and the combustion layout applied To view or change those emission factors click the Weighting menu item in order to show the form of Figure 50 The titles in the first row are the initial letters of the concept applied You can move between the different stages of diesel emission legislation with use of the two buttons placed at the form s top You can also change the values at will 7 1 4 Results Under the Results menu item you may find the command Off Road Results 43 Input Section Weighting Factors Weighting Factors
45. ks of Copert III from this web site http vergina eng auth gr mech lat copert copert htm All of the files are compressed in a zip format and you have to decompress them by using Winzip or Pkunzip The download and setup instructions follow 1 Click on the links and download the three zip files disk1_4 zip disk5_8 zip disk9_12 zip They contain all 12 setup disks Alternatively you may click the CopertIII zip which contains all necessary files in one zipped file recommended for fast Internet connections 2 Extract the contents of the compressed zip files in the same directory A temporary directory is recommended 3 Delete the zip files The downloading procedure has been finished After steps 1 3 you must have 12 directories named disk where from 1 to 12 each including several files that have been extracted from the zip files if you have downloaded the three diskx_x zip files or a single directory containing all the compressed files in case you have downloaded CopertIIL zip 4 In order to install the application a typical Microsoft application setup procedure has to be followed Just double click file setup exe found in the diskl directory and follow the instructions given on screen 5 After the installation is complete you may delete the 12 disk folders or store their contents into disks 1 44 MB 3 4 in order for the installation disks of Copert III to be available for future use 3 1 2 By s
46. lect a power class for vehicles of a specific category use the buttons at the right hand side of the form 7 1 3 Emission Factors Under the Emission Factors menu item you can find the commands Baseline Degradation Evaporation Weighting Emission Factors Baseline Engines of different power output produce different amount of pollutants for each hour of use This leads to the necessity of the introduction of different emission factors for each pollutant type of fuel and power class Those emission factors can be entered in the form presented after the menu item Emission Factors gt Baseline has been clicked Figure 47 Again emission factors g kWh are proposed for each fuel You can change those values if more updated data are available You can select different fuels with use of the navigation buttons at the top of the form E impi Sache Disan I per IT Diesel Type Mix Figure 46 Fractions of different diesel combustion systems 41 E Input Section Baseline Emission Factors Baseline Emission Factors m oo oos on ooo aoo oo aon 835 ess s01 3757 aoo 300 3000 sm 27 800 258 580 255 20 258 700 254000 54 000 254000 254 000 T4387 14360 1438 4350 14360 14380 14 380 14380 22 5 Ts 1510 12 0 1309 1380 1 05 1 9 Figure 47 Baseline emission factors for different pollutants Emission Factors Degradation The degradation factors c
47. lose Print Page Setup Print preview and Exit File New In order to create a new run a standard Windows popup form will appear Figure 4 You can then specify a name for the run and a folder to save it in The program will then start creating the necessary tables for storing the data of the new inventory and a message appears on the screen as long as this process is active This may take a few seconds depending on your computer s performance Open File Ed zd Desktop Favorites Fonts d i C Forms Files of type Microsoft Access Files mdb Cancel Open as read only Figure 4 Open file dialog box File gt Open If you have previously created a run in Copert III you can always view or edit the data by selecting the Open menu item A standard Windows popup form will appear Figure 4 Simply select the desired file or browse through the folders to locate it By clicking the Open button all saved data will be transferred into the Copert III database and the selected run will become the current run File gt Save This command allows the user to save the current instance of the run anytime during the inventory preparation All updates brought into the inventory up to this time will be saved and there is no way to retrieve data saved previously This is a major update compared to Copert II where the data could only be saved once 11 after the run had been completed Additionally if one wishes to pre
48. methodology exactly as applied in Copert II The Alternative Approach introduces a new methodology More on the details of the two approaches can be found in the methodology report in sections 4 7 4 and 4 7 5 The evaporation emissions in the Alternative Approach are calculated by applying a canister efficiency on the evaporation emissions of uncontrolled vehicles Two efficiencies are assumed one corresponding to pre Euro I controlled vehicles Euro I and Euro II and one corresponding to post 2000 controlled vehicle technologies Euro III and Euro IV The canister efficiencies have been calculated for each country of the EU 15 and for each month Figure 13 The user can provide his own values to be used by the program under the relevant fields E Input Data Section Beta ITrip Cold Start Parameters Select value for the average trip length Itrp Copert Il Value 12 0 Copert User Value 12 0 C User Estimated User Beta Yalue Beta Yalue poa m WE March 1282 0 000 December Copert Change Temperatures Recalculate Beta Figure 12 Cold start parameters Note Statistics collected in the framework of several projects see Methodology Report have shown that the average ltrip distance at a European level is 12 4 km Unless exact data are available it is proposed to use this value and not modify it in order to modify the results i e to achieve a better fuel balance The Itrip value has a strong influence on t
49. n emissions contribute to the total NMVOC vehicle emissions The evaporation share distribution specified in the activity data is used to allocated evaporation emissions to different driving modes Again results are updated by clicking the Recalculate button and can be exported to Excel 97 by means of the respective button a Hors oo IF Bence hern Fugl Eel pen L iom SI in m otal LIT Dind Scat Cwbue pk Feel inertiam Runring Losses Revere Cas sna 17 Eas SRE Signs SE ix irs Preng E L E E de E 4x3 is PREECE i585 nad uud esee Basel 0 Enim Ee SS IM An a ms T rg x Hu EE mvwew EM T _ 11 Figure 26 Fuel evaporation results form Evaporation results are calculated either with the Standard Corinair or with the Alternative Approach To choose between one of the two methods you need to 27 calculate the respective emission factors as described previously Results are automatically calculated according to the selected method Results TOTAL This form Figure 27 presents the TOTAL emission and fuel consumption results i e the sum of Hot stabilised Excess Cold and Evaporation emissions in tons for gaseous pollutants consumption and PM and in kg for heavy metals The user can move between different pollutants by selecting them in the list located on top of the form The two buttons located on the bottom of this form Emission Source Oriented Driving Mode Oriente
50. nd pressing the User Button on the bottom of the form E Input Data Section Fuel Reid Vapour Pressure Copert Il Values User Values Month Fuel RYP Fuel RVP kPa kPa cbruary 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ENN NW 8D f o f m o f 8D E xim a zc J T zn E D 0 0 00 gust eremo B 00 Figure 11 Fuel reid vapour pressure used for evaporation calculations Izlo e r E EIEIFIEISIE my m e Bu 3 m m Country Cold Start Parameters The ltrip value mean daily trip distance is introduced in this form Figure 12 to be used for the calculation of the Beta value Itrip value corresponds to the mean distance covered in trips started with an engine of ambient temperature cold start and Beta is the fraction of the monthly mileage driven before the engine and any exhaust components have reached their nominal operation temperature The estimated Beta value is calculated according to the equation given in the methodology In any case the user may provide own values and use them by clicking the User button on the bottom of the screen Otherwise the Copert calculated values will be used 18 In Copert III two different methodologies have been included for calculating evaporation emission factors and subsequently evaporation emissions the Standard Corinair approach and the Alternative Approach The Standard Corinair is a transfer of the
51. p2 wkl files 4 In Copert III select File gt Import from gt Copert 90 and first locate file copimpl wkl and then file copimp2 wkl by using twice the form of Figure 4 The data are automatically transferred to the Copert III environment 5 Save your data with the new format by selecting File gt Save as Data imported from Copert 90 include 1 Activity Data Fleet Mileage 2 Usage Data Speeds Shares 3 Evaporation Data Evaporation Share Fuel RVP 4 Base Fuel Data Consumption and not advanced fuel specifications 5 Temperatures and average daily trip distance Imported data include do not include country name emission factors hot or evaporative cold start extra emission ratio or any data related to the advanced Copert III characteristics Temperature RVP and daily trip distance are imported as user specified values and become active in the software The rationale of importing data from Copert 90 is to estimate emissions according to the same activity data used in the previous run but with the new Copert III methodology Therefore one should not expect identical results between the Copert 90 inventory and the equivalent run in Copert III 12 Copert II data importing If you have already made a run of Copert II you can import the data of this run into Copert III by following the steps 1 Select File gt Import from gt Copert II and first locate file mdb which includes the data you want to import The da
52. ption given below The Keep function is similar to that described in the previous paragraph Since Excess cold emissions are initially attributed to urban driving only assuming that the majority of vehicle start their trips from urban areas only urban emission factors are proposed for cold start Emission Factors Evaporation Standard Corinair In this spreadsheet like form Figure 22 the user can edit the emission factors for fuel evaporation being calculated with the standard Corinair methodology originating from different vehicle sources and covered by the six buttons on the top of the form Those emission factors are only relevant for gasoline powered vehicles Two columns are provided proposing emission factors for vehicles equipped with evaporation control systems Controlled or without any control devices Uncontrolled Again own emission factors may be preserved by selecting the Keep check box for any vehicle technology and evaporation source The Standard Corinair approach results in overestimated Hot Soak losses for uncontrolled vehicles compared to new experimental data However in order to preserve consistency with older Copert versions this original approach has been transferred to the new software version E Emission Factors Section Cold Start Overemission Factors Pollutant CO Month January p Passenger Cas Gasoine lt 14l PREECE JE Pssengertas asoita EEO OO 289 1 PassengerCas
53. rolled uncontrolled case Therefore evaporation emission factors are calculated for the new technology Fuel Tech choose the enabling fuel technology for the specific vehicle technology Select conventional fuel for a technology introduced up to 2000 Stage 2000 fuel if the specific technology is of the same age with Euro III vehicles or Stage 2005 fuel if the new vehicle technology is compatible with Euro IV emission standards Use this fuel for unleaded allocation checkbox once checked this technology if leaded will take part to the algorithm for changing the leaded to unleaded fuel during the unleaded allocation calculations This technology will be changed first if unleaded allocation is required Add New Technology In the case you only need to introduce a new technology in one of the existing Sectors and Subsectors then use the second option of the form given in Figure 35 You will then be proposed with the form of Figure 40 in which you need to select the Sector and thereafter Subsector to append the new technology Advanced Section Add New Technology Select Sector and Subsector to append new Technology Sector Subsector Gasoline lt 1 4 I Passenger Cars Light Duty Vehicles Heavy Duty Vehicles Buses Mopeds Motorcycles 1 2 3 4 5 b Figure 40 Alternative form when new technology is introduced After clicking the OK button in Figure 40 you need to follow the same procedure a
54. s 30 ES Summary Hun Mame Country Temperatures AYP Beta Ltrip Unleaded Gasoline Unleaded Allocation Fuel Tech Evaporation Modelling Cannister Efficiency Load Effect Slope Effect Mileage Effect Date Time C Au D acumentssMewRun mdb Greece Copert Values Copert Values Copert Values Copert Values Unleaded and Leaded Calculated 1336 Original approach Copert values Mat Calculated Mat Calculated No Mileage Degradation 4 5 2000 18 26 05 Figure 31 Summary information of active run 5 2 5 Advanced Under the Advanced menu Figure 32 one may find the following options Reduction Percentage Mileage Degradation Load Effect Slope Effect Unleaded Allocation Correction Coefficients gt Load Correction Correction Coefficients gt Slope Correction Correction Coefficients gt Mileage Degradation IM Correction Coefficients gt Mileage Degradation No IM These advanced features of Copert are not necessary for the compilation of a standard national inventory They are used to refine the results and provide additional sensitivity parameters by implementing a more detailed description of the activity characteristics such as the load factor of the HDV or the road gradient etc Also default reduction percentages for future vehicle technologies may be introduced by the user if alternative estimations are made and the introduction of an improved Inspection and Maintenance scheme may also
55. s Speeds introduced in the relevant fields of Figure 16 correspond to the mean travelling speeds for the fleet of vehicles and have a significant influence on the emission and consumption factors e Make sure that the vehicle fleet has been correctly distributed to different vehicle technologies Figure 15 Significant estimations may be necessary to adapt different national classification especially before Euro I vehicles to the vehicle technology classification of Copert HI Since different vehicle technologies have both different emission and consumption factors the particular allocation of vehicles has an impact on the also final result e Although the mileage driven per year has a linear effect on the total emissions this should be a relevantly evident figure which accepts minor modifications Moreover values like monthly temperatures RVP etc although have an effect on total emissions should not be changed because they should be considered much more reliable in comparison with those previously mentioned E Fuel Balance Fuel Balance 5300000 5070649 a m 7000000 6921019 E M 467839 4 467839 4 Recalculate All Figure 28 Fuel balance statistical and calculated results form Additionally it needs to be mentioned that emissions of fuel dependant pollutants CO SO Heavy Metals are calculated on the basis of the statistical fuel consumption To do so the total emissions as calculated by Copert III with applicat
56. s previous through forms of Figure 38 and Figure 39 36 6 A typical CORINAIR run In order for Copert HI to export results into the CollectER system via ImportER it produces two files see 5 1 1 The minimum number of input data necessary for the creation of a complete road transport inventory is met when providing correct data for the following fields Country gt Fuel Country gt Monthly Temperatures Country gt Reid Vapor Pressure Country gt Cold Start Parameters Activity Data gt Fleet Info Activity Data gt Circulation Info Activity Data gt Evaporation Share Er MU a des Dy default the Corinair Standard approach is considered for evaporation emission calculations In case you need to introduce the Alternative Approach you also need to check the Country gt Canister Efficiency fields and calculate the new emission factors by selecting Emission Factors gt Evaporation gt Alternative Approach The calculation of the results and the compilation of this Typical CORINAIR run may be concluded by selecting the Calculate All button found under the Results TOTAL or Results gt Fuel Balance options After following those steps results are ready to be exported in the CollectER format Obviously all other Copert III features such as advanced fuel characteristics mileage degradation slope and load corrections may be applied to refine calculations but are not necessary to perform the typical run 37 7 Snap 08 Off road machinery
57. serve an older version of the inventory then the Save as option see below needs to be used File Save as If the user wishes to rename the inventory he is working on or save itin a different folder this option prompts the user to do so via a standard Windows popup form By using this option you may create two versions of the same run and preserve data you saved with the last File gt Save command File Export to This command exports the current inventory into two files cop act dbf and cop ef dbf which include the activity data and the emission factors respectively Those files can then be introduced in CollectER via ImportER to link results calculated with Copert III with the complete national inventory File Import from You can import data introduced in inventories compiled with the older software versions Copert 90 and Copert II by selecting this command Also when inventory data are stored in Excel files you may also transfer them into the Copert system Below you may find information on how to import data in each of those Cases Copert 90 data importing If you have already made a run of Copert 90 you can import the data of this run into Copert III by following the steps 1 Copy the copexp wkl file which is located on your Copert III installation folder in the directory of the existing Copert 90 run 2 Load Lotus 3 Retrieve the copexp wkl file and the program automatically creates the copimpl wkl and copim
58. sheets include 1 Activity Data Fleet Mileage 2 Usage Data Speeds Shares 3 Evaporation Data Evaporation Share Fuel RVP 4 Base Fuel Data Consumption and fuel specifications 5 Temperatures and average daily trip distance Imported data include neither emission factors hot or evaporative nor cold start extra emission ratio All relevant calculations need to be made in the Copert III environment File Close This command erases all data of the current inventory and initialises the sofware to start a new run All data not previously saved in an external file by using File gt Save as or File gt Save as will be lost File Print Page setup Print preview These commands are standard Windows commands and can be used the same way as in all Windows programs to print different views of your results set the margins for the printed pages etc File Exit To close Copert III simply click on this command It is important to use this command at the end of a session to erase all temporary objects from the Copert III application file 5 1 2 Help Help Contents and Index This is a typical Windows Help environment which includes the text of the User s Manual Help Copert III on the Web This command links you to the official site of Copert III via active Internet connection Help About Copert III This command opens a form with information about COPERT III 5 2 Menubar 2 Inventory menubar Once t
59. software E Select Country x Select Country Select Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxemburg Malta Moldava Poland Ei Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia lm venia Selected Country Greece Figure 7 List of countries included in Copert III Country gt Fuel By selecting Fuel under the Country menu a Form appears Figure 8 where the user has to provide Data for the Fuel consumption and specifications to be used in the calculations Four fuel types are included specifically leaded and unleaded gasoline diesel and light petroleum gas LPG The fuel consumption provided by statistical authorities has to be provided in the relevant fields on the top left corner of the form while the content of fuel in different species and the hydrogen to carbon atom ratio H C ratio is provided on the bottom of the screen Several values for 15 heavy metal content and H C ratio are proposed However those values can be changed if more accurate figures are available Two options are presented on the top right corner of the form which can be used to correct the results The first option Is all gasoline consumed unleaded is relevant to inventories performed for year 2000 and later in most EU member states where according to Directive 98 70 EC all gasoline consumed in the transport sector should be of the unleaded type which means that no Lea
60. ta are automatically transferred to the Copert III environment 2 Save your data with the new format by selecting File gt Save as Data imported from Copert II include 1 Activity Data Fleet Mileage 2 Usage Data Speeds Shares 3 Evaporation Data Evaporation Share Fuel RVP 4 Base Fuel Data Consumption and not advanced fuel specifications 5 Temperatures and average daily trip distance 6 Hot emission factors 7 Evaporation emission factors where the user has provided own values All other values can be calculated in the software by using the Corinair Standard approach and results will be the same with Copert II 8 New technologies inserted by the user and their specifications Imported data do not include country information cold start extra emission ratio and any information of the Copert III advanced characteristics As in the case of Copert 90 temperature RVP and daily trip distance are imported as user specified values and become active in the software By recalculating evaporation emission factors and cold start overemission ratios but NOT hot emission factors the results of the hot and evaporation calculations should be identical to Copert II However cold start related emissions will differ because of the different methodology incorporated in each software version Also once hot start emission factors have been recalculated new hot emission values will be resulted and as a consequence Copert II and
61. that the whole or parts of them cannot be modified by third parties The user has no access on the modules or the routines of the program For any problems you may encounter with the use and attributes of those files you should better contact the developers In order to secure the program a special file named copert mda has been introduced from the older Copert II software In this file all the necessary information is included in a coded form If you accidentally delete it then there is no way you can use Copert III and you will have to re install the application You can also contact the developers for a copy of copert mda Introducing the same security information between Copert II and Copert III allows the trouble free exchange of data between the two applications A list of the files that can be found in your Copert III directory follows File Description Snap07 mdb Main database file for Road Transport Snap08 mdb Main database file for Off Road Machinery Dobris ico Icon Copexp wk1 Lotus macro to export data from Copert90 runs Compact mdb Compact Database file Data97 xls Microsoft Excel file for importing Data in Excel format Copert mda File containing security information After frequently using Copert III you ll notice that the main files size increases and that calculations slow down Those side effects occur because the structure of the database is modified after multiple uses To restore the original size
62. y The user may select between three options on the bottom of the screen No No degradation factors are calculated and therefore no correction of the baseline hot emission factors is introduced With NO IM effect If this option is selected then the degradation factors are calculated assuming that the applicable Inspection and Maintenance scheme is similar to Directive 92 55 EEC With IM effect In this case degradation factors are calculated assuming that an improved Inspection and Maintenance scheme is in place For more details about the IM effect you may refer to the methodology report ES Advanced Section Mean Fleet Mileage Mean Fleet Mileage ih assenger Cars asaline 1 4 urn 81 441 EEL assenger Cars asaline 1 4 urn 84 1 2 EC assenger Cars urn Ill SS BS EC Stage2000 assenger Cars azaline 1 4 urn Iv SS B3 EE Stage2005 assenger Cars azaline 1 4 urn V post 2005 assenger Cars urn 91 441 EEC assenger Cars asoline 1 4 2 0 ura 94 1 2 EC assenger Cars asoline 1 4 2 0 ura I SS BS EC StageZ000 assenger Cars urn Iv S8 B3 EC Stage2005 assenger Cars asaline 1 4 2 0 ura V past 2005 assenger Cars asaline 2 0 ura 81 441 EEC assenger Cars ura 94 1 2 EC assenger Cars asaline 2 0 ura I 98 69 EC Stages 00i assenger Cars urn Vy SBVESVEC Stage2005 assenger Cars urn V post 2005 ight Duty Vehicles asaline lt 3 5t urn 937 59 EEC ight Duty Vehicles urn

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