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1. FOCUS ANALOG SAVE A INTENS TRACE DIGITAL RECALL AUTOSET cio OSCILLOSCOP gi Ose MENU HU MENU 5105B RUN ACQUIRE SETTINGS HELP NE Se oo a D STO r Eo nemore or AE SSO ane screen side Switching to on will produce another menu item Assoc Set Ws Please note If both reference displays are on and if both memory locations are identical e g RE1 RE1 the signal will be displayed twice on the same spot 9 2 2 4 Associated settings If the pushbutton labelled Assoc Set is depressed the readout will show all oscilloscope settings which were loaded into the reference together with the signal The signal parameters may be recalled SETTINGS Pressing this pushbutton will open the SETTINGS menu which offers the following submenus 10 1 Language In thus submenu the language can be selected English Ger man French are available for choice 10 2 Misc Miscellaneous 10 2 1 Contr Beep On Off Switches the acoustical signal on or off which informs about CW or CCW positions of knobs 10 2 2 Error Beep On Off Will turn the acoustical error signal on or off 10 2 3 Quick Start On Off In off the HAMEG logo the type and the version number will not be shown the instrument will be ready immediately 10 2 4 Menu Off time With the INTENS knob the time of menu display may be determined EXIT MENU will terminate a menu on the spot In Man mode the menu can be left by pre
2. INTENS knob This knob controls various functions 2 1 Trace intensity if the FOCUS TRACE MENU pushbutton does not light the knob symbol Turn left for decreasing and right for increasing 2 2 If the knob symbol XXX of the pushbutton is illuminated the control will act for those functions displayed in the menu which were activated Subject to change without notice ete Q TRIGGER VOLTS DIV VOLTS DIV MODE TRIG TIME DIV 20 SCALE VAR SCALE VAR Fp StALE vaR 3 FILTER INPUTS AUXILIARY INPUT IMQII15pF max 400 Vp TRIGGER 1MQ Il EXTERN 15pF max Z INPUT 100 Vp FOCUS TRACE MENU If the knob symbol will light after pressing this pushbutton the Int Knob menu will be shown Depending on the operating mode the menu contains A Int Intensity of the signal as displayed by time base A B Int Intensity of the signal as displayed by time base B analog mode only Zoom Int Intensity of the signal as displayed by ZOOM digital mode only RO Int Readout intensity Focus Focus for signal and readout Readout On Off Turning the readout off will eliminate interference of the readout with the signalls The knob symbol will blink as long as the readout is off Only menus and help texts will be shown Trace rotation Trace rotation see TR After turn on the readout will always be on EXIT MENU REMOTE OFF REM This pushbutton has two fun
3. Depending on the sensitivity selection the signal will be shown with smaller or greater amplitude B Please note This sensitivity selection is always active e g also if CH2 only was chosen In that case CH1 may be used as trigger source 16 2 Variable control Select this function with the CH1 pushbutton gt Variable On VAR on the CH1 pushbutton will light up The readout will adda gt to the sensitivity indication CH1 gt 5mV in order to show that the sensitivity is now uncalibrated The results of cursor measurements will be flagged accordingly In this mode the sensitivity can be changed with the VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR control knob from 1 mV cm to gt 20 V cm 16 3 SCALE DSO mode The display height of a mathematic signal resp a refe rence signal can be changed after the function Math Ref is selected in the Pos Scale menu The latter is called by pressing the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM push button Subject to change without notice VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR knob This double function control belongs to CH2 17 1 Selection of vertical sensitivity The sensitivity will be calibrated provided VAR on the CH2 pushbutton 3 is not illuminated Turning the control CCW will decrease turning it CW will increase the sensitivity The sensitivities can be selected from 1 mV cm to 20 V cm in a 1 2 5 sequence The readout will show the sensitivity e g CH2 5mV Depending on the sensitivity the signal
4. 14 1 2 Y position of reference signals DSO mode The POSITION 2 control will function as Y position control of reference signals if the following conditions are fulfilled Areference signal must on display SAVE RECALL push button gt Reference Display gt upper display area Rex x number of memory location select with INTENS gt On with or without associated settings Press CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton gt Math Ref The pushbutton will light up green 14 1 3 Y position of mathematics signals DSO mode The POSITION 2 control functions as Y position control for ma hematics signals if the following conditions are fulfilled Press the MATH pushbutton gt displays upper display areal select an equation with the INTENS knob MA1 MAS Press he CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton select ath Ref The pushbutton will light up green 14 2 Y position of CH2 in XY mode Analog and DSO modes POSITION 2 will function as the Y position control of CH2 in XY mode provided the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM push button is not illuminated 14 3 Y position of cursors Analog and DSO modes The POSITION 2 control will function as Y position control of the cursors if the following conditions are met The cursors must be activated Press AUTO CURSOR MEASURE pushbutton gt Cursors gt Cursors On press the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton select Cursors or Cur Track The pushbut
5. CombiScope if the sampling frequency is only twice the signal frequency there will only two points be displayed on the screen any number of signal shapes may be drawn which fit through these two points The Nyquist theorem contains a hidden knowledge that the signal is a sine wave It is easily un derstood that in order to depict an unknown signal shape one needs at least 1 or 2 points per centimeter in other words the useful signal frequency is only 1 10 to 1 20 at best An analog scope has a frequency response which follows closely the Gaussian curve this means in practice that also frequencies far beyond the 3 dB frequency will be shown reduced in amplitude but they will be shown This not only preserves fine detail of a signal but it allows also to see e g very high frequency wild oscillations in a circuit This is not he case after sampling because all frequencies beyond half he sampling frequency will be folded back into the lower requency band Due to limited memory depth the maximum sampling rate must be reduced with each DSO when the time base is set to slow sweep speeds it may be reduced from GS s o KS s Most users are not aware of this trap they think hat if they bought a DSO with 100MHz bandwidth and 1 GS s they are safe when measuring kHz signals But such low frequency signals will be distorted and aliases displayed Please note This list of disadvantages is by far incomplete It scratches
6. In this menu the selection of Cursors long lines or auxiliary cursors short lines or other symbols will deter mine which cursor lines symbols can be moved by the POSITION 1 and 2 controls 18 1 Cursors Analog and DSO modes Depending on the operating mode Yt or XY this submenu will offer various cursor measuring functions which will affect as well the cursor lines as their position 18 1 1 Cursors On Off With Cursors On the CURSORS and the results of cursor measurements will be displayed by the readout in the top right corner of the screen e g AV CH2 16 6 mV If a variable con trol was activated the readout will indicate this by replacing the bya gt 18 1 2 Meas Type If this function is activated one of the measurement modes of fered may be selected with the INTENS knob In most cases the unit going with a mode will be shown also 18 1 3 Unit In the modes Ratio X and Ratio Y the INTENS knob symbol will be shown in addition to a unit this may then be used to change the unit rat ratio display of ratios In this mode the ratios of duty cycles or amplitudes may be determined with the CURSORS The distance between the long CURSOR lines is equal to 1 percent display of percentages The distance between the long CURSOR lines is equal to 100 The result will be determined by the distance of the short auxiliary cursor line to the long reference line L
7. gt On with or without associated settings 2nd After pressing CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton gt Math Ref was selected the pushbutton will light up green 13 1 3 Mathematics signal position DSO mode only The POSITION 1 control will assume the function of position con trol for mathematics signals after the following procedure Press the MATH pushbutton gt Display upper display areal select an equation with the INTENS knob MA1 MA5 press the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton select Math Ref The pushbutton will light up green 13 1 4 Y position of 274 time base B Analog mode The POSITION 1 control will assume the function of Y position control of the signal displayed by time base B in alternate time base mode after the following procedure This is convenient in order to be able to separate the displays of the same signal with both time bases on the screen Press the HOR 0 push button gt Search Press the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton select the function TB B The pushbutton will light up green 13 1 5 Y position for ZOOM DSO mode This is the equivalent of the former in DSO mode where the function is called ZOOM The POSITION 1 control will assume the function of Y position control of the zoomed signal after the following procedure Again the intent is to be able to separate the two displays of the same signal on the screen in alternate time base mode Press t
8. The test current is only a few mA so the test will not harm ordinary semiconductors Sensitive devices like delica te hf transistors etc should not be tested The limitation to Subject to change without notice i Component Tester 10V with bipolar transistors will suffice mostly as usual defects will show up The best method to verify whether a component is defective Is the comparison to a good one If the lettering of a component is not legible at least it is possible to see whether it is a npn or pnp transistor or which end of a diode is the cathode Please note that reversing the test leads will also invert the picture i e turn it 180 degrees poor Type Normal Diode Highvolt Diode Z Diode 6 8V Terminals Cathode Anode Cathode Anode Cathode Anode Connections CT GD CT GD CFGD N P N Transistor Terminals B E B C E C Connections CT GD P N P Transistor Terminals B E B C E C Connections CT GD CT GD CT GD In most cases e g with service and repair it will be sufficient to receive a good bad result open short With MOS compo nents the usual precautions are to be observed but note that except for a possible short MOSFETs and JFETs can not be sufficiently tested Indications to be expected depend strongly on the kind of FET With depletion type MOSFETs and all JFETs the channel will conduct if prior to testing the gate was connected to the source The Rdson will be shown As this can be ver
9. plifiers will not distort signals by overshoots undershoots ringing etc Simple electrical signals like sine waves from line frequency ripple to hf will be displayed without problems However when measuring sine waves the amplitudes will be displayed with an error increasing with frequency At 100 MHz the amplitude error will be around 10 As the bandwidths of individual instruments will show a certain spread the 150 MHz are a guaranteed minimum the actual measurement error for sine waves cannot be exactly determined Pulse signals contain harmonics of their fundamental fre quency which must be represented so the maximum useful repetition frequency of nonsinusoidal signals is much lower than 150MHz The criterion is the relationship between the rise times of the signal and the scope the scope s rise time should be lt 1 3 of the signal s rise time if a faithful reproduc tion without too much rounding of the signal shape is to be preserved The display of a mixture of signals is especially difficult if it con tains no single frequency with a higher amplitude than those of the other ones as the scope s trigger system normally reacts to a certain amplitude This is e g typical of burst signals Display of such signals may require using the HOLD OFF control Composite video signals may be displayed easily as the instru ment has a tv sync separator The maximum sweep speed of 5 ns cm allows sufficient time resoluti
10. 10 100 1000 A selection of probe attenuation factors from 1 to 1 000 is pos sible The value selected will be automatically taken into account regarding the sensitivity indicated and measurements 31 4 2 Auto If Auto is selected HAMEG probes with automatic probe iden tification connectors will be recognized by the scope and the appropriate factor taken into account The factor recognized will be indicated following auto Probes without that special connector will cause the display auto 1 and treated as 1 1 probes 31 5 Variable On Off If activated VAR on the CH1 pushbutton will be illuminated The readout will replace by gt e g CH1 gt 5mV and this also in any cursor measurements pointing out that the sensitivity is uncalibrated Subject to change without notice Controls and Readout The VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR knob will function as variable which can change the sensitivity continuously between 1 mV cm to gt 20 V cm VERT XY pushbutton This pushbutton switches the vertical menu on off This menu allows to select the operating modes of the vertical amplifiers 32 1 CH1 If CH1 is selected only CH1 will be turned on the mode is Yt Also the readout will only display the parameters of CH1 sensitivity inverted not inverted coupling Although CH2 will not appear in the readout it may be used e g as a trigger input Its controls are active but are not shown 32 2 CH2 If CH2 is
11. 10uF CombiScope B amp K Precision oscilloscopes are either analog or they are CombiScopes i e they contain a complete analog scope and the additional hardware and software so sample and digitize the signals The 5105B is a 150 MHz 1GS s Combiscope With a B amp K Combiscope the user is always sure he needs only to switch from DSO to analog in order to see the true signal This is especially important when a signal is to be documented in DSO mode The user of a pure DSO needs to know the signal better than the scope The advantages of DSO operation are Capture and storage of single events There will be no flicker with very low frequency signals Fast signals with a low rep rate resp low duty cycle can be displayed at high intensity Due to the storage of all signals they may be easily docu mented and processed Due tothe down conversion of high frequencies into the kHz area the very expensive analog crts are replaced by cheap computer monitor tubes or lcd displays Also the bulk part of the components may be the same as used in computers thus inexpensive The disadvantages of DSO operation are An analog scope displays the signal itself in real time In a DSO the signal is not displayed but only a low frequency reconstruction of the signal The limitations and problems of sampling operation as well as those of analog digital conversion hold The display can not be in real time as after capturing a sign
12. 2 DELAY This pushbutton will be illuminated if the TIME BASE menu was called with the HOR 0 pushbutton and SEARCH or B ONLY selected The HORIZONTAL knob can then be used to select a portion of the time base display which is to be displayed expanded in time In SEARCH mode the normal and the expanded displays are displayed simultaneously The expanded portion of the signal will be shown on the normal display as an intensified sector The length of this sector is dependent upon the setting of the 2nd Z time base which is shown in the readout as Z and is equal to the run time of the Z time base HORIZONTAL knob The various functions of this knob depend on the operating mode and are described under X POS DELAY 6 pushbutton TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob This knob is normally used as the time base speed selector but has also other functions dependent on the operating mode In XY mode this control is disabled 28 1 Analog mode 28 1 1 Time base A time cm selection This function is active if in the Time base menu HOR 0 pushbutton A only was selected and the option A variable On Off was set to Off Turning the knob CCW will decrease turning it CW will increa se the time base speed The time base speed may be chosen between 500 ms cm 50 ns cm ina 1 2 5 sequence and will be calibrated The readout will show the setting e g A 50ns 28 1 2 Time base B time cm selection This function is active if
13. 440 C Accessories supplied Line cord Operating manual 2 Probes 10 1 with attenuation ID Windows Software for control and data transfer Important hints Important hints Please check the instrument for mechanical damage or loose parts immediately after unpacking In case of damage we advise to contact the sender Do not operate A ae List of symbols used J Consult the manual BS Important note High voltage Ground Positioning the instrument For selection of the optimum position in use the instrument may be set up in three different positions see pictures C D E The handle will remain locked in the carrying position if the instrument is positioned on its rear feet 10 Move the handle to the instrument top if the horizontal operating position is preferred See picture C If a position corresponding the picture D 10 degrees inclination is desired move the handle from the carrying position A towards the bottom until it engages and locks In order to reach a position with still greater incli nation E shows 20 degrees unlock the handle by pulling and move it further into the next locking position For carrying the instrument in the horizontal position the handle can be locked horizontally by moving it upwards as shown in picture B The instrument must be lifted while doing this otherwise the handle will unlock again Safety The instrument fulfils the VDE 0411 part 1 regulations
14. DSO mode single capture In order to prepare the scope for a single capture press MODE and select Single in the menu presented By pressing RUN STOP the scope will start to continuously acquire and store so that later also the signal preceding the occurrence of the trigger Pre trigger will be available STOP will blink in order to signal that as yet no trigger was recognized Upon receipt of a trigger the acquisition will be completed so the signal following the trigger Post trigger will later be available too STOP wil then remain illuminated The signal display on the screen wil be frozen Pressing RUN STOP again will prepare for another acquisition as described Each new acquisition will overwrite the preceding one n order to leave this mode enter the MODE menu and select Auto or Normal 6 2 1 DSO mode ending or interrupting a capture Any capture in progress may be stopped by pressing RUN STOP 6 2 2 DSO mode reset function Pressing RUN STOP twice in env Envelope or avg Average mode where the signal display is the result of more than one signal data acquisition causes the previous signal capture results to be deleted and a new Start of the signal capture MATH Only available in DSO mode This pushbutton calls the Mathematics menu and the Formu la editor With the Mathematics menu stored signals may be mathematically processed either directly or with referenc
15. but the surface There are 3 methods of sampling 1 Real time sampling Here the Nyquist theorem must be observed but as mentio ned in practice the signal frequency is far less than 1 10 the sampling frequency Consequently with a 1 GS s rate signals with up to 100 MHz can be adequately reconstructed Obviously this is the only mode for single event capturing 2 Equivalent time sampling This is the normal operating mode for all sampling scopes Sampling scopes are very old they are still the fastest scopes with bandwidths gt 50 GHz because they have no input ampli fier Sampling scopes are far superior to DSOs because their Y resolution is identical to that of an analog scope In this mode consecutive periods of the signal are sampled each period contributes but one sample The signal period is thus scanned and very many periods are necessary in order to achieve one full screen display This way a very high effective sampling rate is achieved this method exchanges bandwidth for time In a sampling scope a very accurate display is created which is as far as the shape is concerned almost as good as that of an analog scope In a DSO however the sample points are 8 bit a d converted losing resolution The bandwidth achieved is given alone by the hf properties of the input and the mini mum realizable duration of the sampling pulse so 14 GHz at a sensitivity of 2 mV cm and 50 A were standard in the 60s In a DSO howeve
16. for electrical measuring control and laboratory instruments and was manufactured and tested accordingly It left the factory in perfect safe condition Hence it also corresponds to European Standard EN 61010 1 resp International Standard IEC 1010 1 In order to maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation the user is required to observe the warnings and other directions for use in this manual Housing chassis as well as all measu ring terminals are connected to safety ground of the mains All accessible metal parts were tested against the mains with 2200 Voc The instrument conforms to safety class The oscilloscope may only be operated from mains outlets with a safety ground connector The plug has to be installed prior to Le Subject to change without notice connecting any signals It is prohibited to separate the safety ground connection Most electron tubes generate X rays the ion dose rate of this in strument remains well below the 36 pA kg permitted by law In case safe operation may not be guaranteed do not use the instrument any more and lock it away in a secure place Safe operation may be endangered if any of the following was noticed incase of visible damage incase loose parts were noticed if it does not function any more after prolonged storage under unfavourable conditions e g like in the open or in moist atmosphere after any improper transport e g insufficient packing not conformin
17. may be inverted 32 6 Bandwidth Full 20 MHz This pushbutton will select full or 20 MHz bandwidth Full Full bandwidth will be the one given in the specifications 20 MHz Provided measuring modes allow full bandwidth i e 5 mV cm this can be reduced to 20 MHz 3 dB in order to attenuate high frequency noise e g The readout will show BWL bandwidth limited The bandwidth limitation affects both channels and pertains to analog and DSO modes In XY DSO mode the limitation is equal to Yt mode In XY analog mode the limitation affects only CH2 CH2 pushbutton This pushbutton opens the CH2 menu which offers the following options 33 1 AC DC The pushbutton will alternate between AC and DC coupling The readout shows a or symbol behind the sensitivity indication 33 1 1 DC coupling The signal will be directly coupled to the input amplifier via the BNC connector and the input attenuator The input resistance of the scope is a constant 1 MA irrespective of the sensitivity selected CH1 VERT XY INPUTS IMQII15pF max k PROBE ADJ CAT 33 1 2 AC coupling A capacitor is inserted between the BNC connector and the at tenuator thus the DC content of the signal is blocked anda high pass with a lower cut off frequency of approx 2 Hz is created Low frequency signals will thus be more or less differentiated hence their shape and amplitude affected If the DC content of the signal changes e
18. may then be selected with the blue pushbuttons All pushbuttons are on off Exiting a menu 1st The user may set a time after which the menu will be left SETTINGS pushbutton gt Misc gt Menu OFF 2nd Before the time set as described has elapsed a menu can be exited by pressing EXIT MENU 3rd Only manually if the function Man was selected 4th Pressing the same pushbutton again 5t Pressing another pushbutton If a menu shows a knob symbol this pertains to the INTENS knob It allows to change settings Also arrows may be shown which point to available submenus In some modes some pushbuttons or knob operations are meaningless and will hence not cause a menu display Please note If a menu is shown some other information dis played in the readout may disappear this will reappear immediately upon leaving the menu Each menu is assisted by HELP texts which can be called by pressing the HELP and which will be also displayed by the readout If HELP was called and the INTENS knob moved an Pushbutton Menu Title 6 Function Pushbuttons blue Menu Intensity Knop Symbol Arrow Keys Indicator for Submenu On Off State indication by intensified display explanation of the actual INTENS knob function will be given HELP will be left by pressing the pushbutton again Please note During the display of help texts and menus in full size no signal display is possible Remarks In oper
19. menu items Readout Tr Source TV 21 2 1 1 Frame ALL In this mode the sync pulses of each half frame can trigger Even In this mode only the sync pulses of even half frames can trigger Odd In this mode only the sync pulses of odd half frames can trigger Controls and Readout LEVEL A HOBIZONTA X POS wane D QA 21 2 1 2 Line All In this mode all line sync pulses can trigger Line No The line number with its line pulse that is used for triggering can be selected with the INTENS knob Line min One pushbutton operation will be sufficient to switch back to the lowest possible line number 21 2 2 Norm The pushbutton allows the selection of the US standard of 525 lines and 60 Hz or the European standard with 625 lines and 50 Hz With any change of standard the line number will be automatically changed too 21 2 3 Polarity Composite video signals may have both polarities Selection of the right polarity is vital as the scope should be triggered by the sync pulses and not the video content Positive polarity is defined by the video content being more positive than the sync signals and vice versa If the polarity was wrongly selected there will be no triggering at all an untriggered display or no signal capture SOURCE pushbutton Depressing this pushbutton will call various menus depending on the previously selected mode MODE pushbutton EDGE
20. s 1 85 ks 8 2 Envelope capture display Envelope is a special mode in refresh mode the readout will show env Also in this mode there must be sufficient signal for triggering In contrast to the refresh mode the results of several captures will be examined and the maxima and minima stored the enve lope of the signal will then be displayed if it changes in amplitude or and frequency Also any jitter will be shown Also in this mode pressing RUN STOP will stop the acquisiti on indicated by STOP illuminated After pressing the pushbutton again the formerly stored signals will be erased and the enve lope calculation starts anew In order to prevent an accidental turning on of this mode operating any control which influences the signal display will automatically switch envelope off Because this mode requires many signal repetitions and acqui sitions it is not compatible with single sweep acquisition AUTO or normal trigger modes must be selected 8 3 Average mode capture display Also this is a special mode within the refresh mode Also here signal repetitions are needed The weighting of each acquisition can be selected with Ave rage in the menu any number between 2 and 512 may be chosen using the INTENS knob The readout will show e g avg 512 The higher the number of acquisitions averaged the lower the contribution of a single acquisition will be and the longer the averaging will take Averaging is a mea
21. sampling the samples are not taken in sequence along the signal period but randomly with respect to it Random Sampling allows to generate the 200 points per cm in X direction at the fastest time base of 5 ns cm Remark 5 ns cm are also available in other modes In Real Time Sampling mode and 1 GS s on one channel each 1 ns a sample is taken hence at 5 ns cm there are 5 points per cm The missing 195 points are generated by interpolation using sin x x Controls and Readout SAVE RECALL This pushbutton will open up a menu The number of choices in this menu is dependent upon whether there is analog or DSO mode 9 1 Analog and DSO modes Under Save Recall the current instrument settings may be saved or settings saved earlier recalled There are 9 nonvolatile memories available 9 1 1 Saving the actual settings Upon pressing the pushbutton the submenu Front Panel Save will be accessed A memory number will be offered 1 to 9 which can be changed by the INTENS knob By pres sing Save all settings will be saved in the memory location he number of which was selected 9 1 2 Recall the actual settings n the submenu Front Panel Recall a memory number will be displayed 1 to 9 which can be changed with the INTENS knob Pressing the pushbutton Recall causes loading of he settings stored 9 2 DSO mode The menu options described in 9 1 1 and 9 1 2 are also available in DSO mode Additio
22. selected and the variable is in the calibrated position The available sensitivities are given in mVpp or Vpp The cursors allow to indicate the amplitudes of the signals immediately on the readout as the attenuation of probes is automatically taken into account Even if the probe attenuation was selected manu ally this will be overridden if the scope identifies a probe with an identification contact as different The readout will always give the true amplitude It is important that the variable be in its calibrated position The sensitivity may be continuously decreased by using the variable see Controls and Readout Each intermediate value between the calibrated positions 1 2 5 may be selected Without using a probe thus a maximum of 400 Vpp may be displayed 20 V div x 8 cm screen x 2 5 variable Amplitudes may be directly read off the screen by measuring the height and multiplying by the V div setting OS Please note Without a probe the maximum permis sible voltage at the inputs must not exceed 400 Vp irrespective of polarity In case of signals with a DC content the peak value DC AC peak must not exceed or 400 Vp Pure AC of up to 800 Vpp is permissible E If probes are used their possibly higher ratings are only usable if the scope is DC coupled In case of measuring DC with a probe while the scope input is AC coupled the capacitor in the scope input will see the input DC voltage as it is in series with the interna
23. should always be set to a higher sweep rate than A thus its sweep duration will be also shorter than that of A The TB A sweep sawtooth is compared to a voltage which can be varied such that TB A functions as a precision time delay generator Depending on the amplitude of the com parison voltage a signal is generated anywhere between sweep start and end In one of two operating modes this signal will start TB B imme diately The TB A display will be intensified for the duration of TB B so that one sees which portion of the signal is covered by TB B By varying the comparison voltage the start of TB B can be moved over the whole signal as it is displayed by TB A Then he mode is switched to TB B The signal portion thus selected is now displayed by TB B This is called B delayed by A Portions of the signal can thus be expanded enormously however the higher the speed of TB B the darker the display will become as he rep rate will remain that of the accepted signal triggers while he duration of TB B is reduced with increasing speed n cases where there is jitter the TB B can be switched to wait or a trigger rather than starting immediately When a trigger arrives TB B will start on it The jitter is removed however the effect is also that the TB B start now can be only from signal period to signal period no continuous adjustment is possible in this mode Alternate sweep In this mode the signal is displayed twice with
24. shown on the screen the indicator will flash each period Hold off time adjustment Consult Controls and Readout HOR 0 gt Hold off time for specific information Subject to change without notice Triggering and time base After the time base deflected the trace from left to right the trace will be blanked so the retrace is invisible The next sweep will however not immediately start Time is required to perform internal switching so the next start is delayed for the so called hold off time irrespective of the presence of triggers The hold off time can be extended from its minimum by a factor of 10 1 Manipulation of the hold off time and thus of the time for a complete sweep period from start to start can be useful e g when data packets are to be displayed It may seem that such signals can not be triggered The reason is that the possible start of anew sweep does not conincide with the start of a data packet it may start anywhere even before a data packet By varying the hold off time a stable display will be achieved by setting it just so that the hold off ends before the start of a data packet This is also handy with burst signals or non periodic pulse trains A signal may be corrupted by noise or hf interference so a double display will appear Sometimes varying the trigger level can no prevent the double display but will only affect the apparent time relationship between two signals Here the variable hold of tim
25. will be displayed with smaller or greater amplitude Please note The sensitivity control is always active i e also if CH2 is not selected CH2 may then still be used e g as a trigger source 17 2 Variable control The variable control is activated by pressing the CH2 push button 3 gt Variable On VAR on the pushbutton will light up The readout will add the gt preceding the sensitivity e g CH2 gt 5mV in order to indicate that the sensitivity is uncalibrated The results of cursor measurements will be labelled accordingly In this mode the sensitivity may be changed continuously with the VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR control from 1 mV cm to gt 20 V cm 17 3 SCALE DSO mode The display height of a mathematic signal resp a refe rence signal can be changed after the function Math Ref is selected in the Pos Scale menu The latter is called by pressing the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM push button AUTO CURSOR MEASURE pushbutton Pressing this pushbutton will open the menu Measurement which offers the submenus gt Cursors and Auto If the submenu Cursors was selected and a measuring mode Cursors On must be activated too in order to generate the cursor linels on the screen The measurement result will be shown in the readout lt Please note In order to move the cursors it is necessary to press the pushbutton CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM and look for the menu Pos Scale
26. will present a display within 6 cm height 4 cm per signal in dual trace and about 2 signal periods This is true for signals not differing too much from a 1 1 duty cycle For signals containing several frequencies like video signals the display may be any Initiating the AUTOSET function will set the following operating conditions last selection of ac or DC coupling internal triggering automatic triggering trigger level set to the center of its range calibrated Y sensitivities calibrated time base AC or DC trigger coupling unmodified HF trigger coupling switched to DC LF or Noise Reject filters left X magnifier switched off Yand X positioning automatic Please note For pulse signals with duty cycles approaching 400 1 no au tomatic signal display will be possible In such cases switch to normal trigger mode and set the trigger position about 5 mm above the centre If the trigger LED will then light up a trigger is generated and the time base is operating In order to obtain a visible display it may be necessary to change the time base and V DIV settings Depending on the duty cycle and the frequency the signal may still remain invisible This applies only to analog mode In DSO mode the trace is always of equal brightness because not the signal is shown but a low frequency construction of it also there is no information in the trace intensity Component Tester Component Tester Specific inform
27. without notice n order to separate them on the screen for better readability an artificial Y offset may be added to the time base B display Press the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM 4 pushbutton which calls the Pos Scale menu Press the function push button TB B this will cause the POSITION 1 knob to act as he position control for the time base B display Trace sepa ration See also 13 1 4 Y position 24 time base This function makes sense only in Search and is unavailable in any other Also in Search the 10 x magnifier is available by pressing he pushbutton MAG x10 The magnifier will affect solely ime base B 30 1 3 B only n this mode only time base B will be displayed the readout will thus only show the time base B speed in the top left corner B The TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob will set the time base B speed The 10x magnifier is available by pressing MAG x10 and will expand the display around the screen centre 30 1 4 B trigger Edge In this mode time base B will not start immediately after the delay time set elapsed but it will be only set ready waiting for a signal trigger This has the advantage that any jitter is removed but the delay time adjustment will now only have the effect that the time base B display will jump from signal period to period In this setting a positive slope will trigger The trigger LEVEL A B QD knob will set the trigger level for B Only normal triggering and D
28. zoomed display of one selected line Cursor measurement choices in digital mode Subject to change without notice 150 MHz 1GG s Analog Digital Oscilloscope 1 GSa s Real Time Sampling 10 GSa s Random Sampling 8 Bit Low Noise Flash A D Converters Pre Post Trigger 100 to 400 Time Base 50 s cm 5 ns cm 1 MPts memory per channel allows zoom up to 40 000 1 Acquisition modes Single Event Refresh Average Envelope Roll Peak Detect RS 232 Interface Signal display Yt and XY Interpolation Sinx x Pulse Dot Join linear 150MHz 1GS s Analog Digital Oscilloscope 5150B Specifications Channels Analog Digital Operating Modes Analog Digital Y in XY Mode Invert Bandwidth 3 dB Rise time Overshoot Deflection Coefficient CH 1 2 1 mV 2mV cm 10 MHz 5 mV 20V cm variable uncalibrated Inputs CH 1 2 Impedance Coupling Max Input Voltage Y Delay Line analog Measuring Circuits Analog mode only Auxiliary input Function selectable Coupling Max input voltage 2 2 CH 1 or CH 2 separate DUAL CH 1 and CH 2 alternate or chopped Addition CH 1 or CH 2 separate DUAL CH 1 and CH 2 Addition CH 1 CH il Gal 2 2x 0 150 MHz aeons max 1 14 calibrated steps 5 0 10 MHz 3 dB 3 1 2 5 sequence gt 2 5 1 to gt 50V cm 1MQ 15 pF DC AC GND ground 400V DC peak AC 70ns Measuring Category Extern
29. 5 digit resolution Accuracy Auto Measurements Analog mode add in digital mode Cursor Measurements Analog mode add in digital mode Resolution Readout Cursor Interfaces plug in max 4 traces CH 1 2 Time Base A in combination with CH 1 2 Time Base B CH1 2 and ZOOM or Reference or Mathematics gt 1 MHz 200 MHz 0 5 Hz 1 MHz 50 ppm Frequency Period Vdc Vpp Vp Vp Va Vive AV At 1 At f V to GND ratio X ratio Y Pulse count Vt to Trigger Peak to Peak Peak Peak 1000 x 2000 Pts Signals 250 x 2000 RS 232 Mathematic functions Number of Formula Sets Sources Targets Functions Display Display CRT Display area with graticule Acceleration voltage 5 with 5 formulas each CH 1 CH 2 Math 1 Math 5 5 math memories Math 1 5 ADD SUB 1 X ABS MUL DIV SQ POS NEG INV max 2 math memories Math 1 5 D14 375GH 8cm x 10cm approx 14kV General Information Component tester Test voltage Test current Reference Potential Probe ADJ Output Trace rotation Line voltage Power consumption Protective system Weight Cabinet W x H x D Ambient temperature approx 7V m open circuit approx 50 Hz max 7 MA ms short circuit Ground safety earth 1 kHz 1 MHz square wave signal 0 2Vo5 tr lt 4ns electronic 105 253V 50 60 Hz 10 CAT II 42 Watt at 230V 50 Hz Safety class EN61010 1 5 6 kg 285 x 125 x 380 mm 0 C
30. AR 2 K RM FILTER AUTO CURSOR MEASURE m B 2v VERT XY CH2 1mV e HOR MAG D m e D INPUTS AUXILIARY INPUT 1MQIll15pF max 1MQ II 15pF max 100 Vp TRIGGER EXTERN A Z INPUT CAT 400 Vp PROBE MEMORY t BK PRECISION SDoom J COMPONENT O N 0 6 D CH2 BNC socket 41 PROBE COMPONENT pushbutton switch 42 Channel 2 signal input Calls COMPONENT TESTER mode settings and frequency selection of PROBE ADJ signal AUX pushbutton switch 41 Calls AUXILIARY INPUT menu with intensity modulation Z COMPONENT TESTER 2 sockets with 4 mm 42 and external triggering selectable Connectors for test leads of the Component Tester Left socket is galvanically connected with protective earth AUXILIARY INPUT BNC socket 41 Input for external trigger or intensity Z modulation si gnal PROBE ADJ socket 42 Square wave signal output for frequency compensation of x10 probes Subject to change without notice lo Basic signal measurement Basic signal measurement Signals which can be measured The following description pertains as well to analog as to DSO operation The different specifications in both operating modes should be kept in mind The oscilloscope 5105B can display all repetitive signals with a fundamental repetition frequency of at least 150MHz The frequency response is 0 to 150 MHz 3 dB The vertical am
31. As the time bases are not involved in XY no time base related information will be shown Also the trigger circuits are disabled so no trigger information is shown either The magnifier MAG x10 is disabled The 0 Volt symbols will be shown as triangles at the right hand graticule and above the sensitivities Both the HORIZONTAL or the POSITION 1 knobs will move the trace horizontally The Y position is controlled by the POSITION 2 knob 32 5 1 Analog mode The CH1 signal can not be inverted there is hence no menu item in the CH1 menu CH1 pushbutton 6D The TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob is disabled Please note that the bandwidths and phase differences in XY analog and DSO modes differ considerably so there may be changes in the signal display when switching the mode 32 5 2 DSO mode The readout will indicate the sampling rate with which the a d converters digitise the input signals The appropriate sampling rate must be set depending on the signals and can be selected with the TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob although the time bases are disabled With high sampling rates there may be gaps in Lissajous representations With too low sampling rates the display may not allow any more to determine the frequency relationship of the signals It is recommended to first look at the signals in DUAL mode and to set the sampling rate such that at least one signal period will be displayed Then XY should be selected In XY DSO mode both channels
32. BE ADJ You should see 2 signal periods Adjust the compensation ca pacitor see the probe manual for the location until the square wave tops are exactly parallel to the graticule lines see picture 1 kHz The signal height should be 4 cm 1 6 mm 3 oscillo scope and 1 probe tolerance The rising and falling portions of the square wave will be invisible 1 MHz adjustment The HAMEG probes feature additional adjustments in the compensation box which allow to optimise their hf behaviour This adjustment is a precondition for achieving the maximum bandwidth with probe and a minimum of pulse aberrations This adjustment requires a calibrator with a short rise time typ 4 ns and a 509 output a frequency of 1MHz an amplitude of 0 2 Vpp The PROBE ADJ output of the scope fulfils these requirements Connect the probe to the scope input to which it is to be adjusted Select the PROBE ADJ signal 1 MHz Select DC coupling and 5 mV cm with VOLTS DIV and 0 1 us em with TIME DIV both ca librated Insert the probe tip into the calibrator output connector The screen should show the signal rise and fall times will be visible Watch the rising portion and the top left pulse corner consult the manual for the location of the adjustments incorrect incorrect correct The criteria for a correct adjustment are short rise time steep slope clean top left corner with minimum over or undershoot flat top After adjustment
33. C coupling are possible All parameters of time base A remain stored and preserved LE VEL auto or normal Slope coupling In addition to the delay time Dt also the B trigger parameters are shown in the readout BTr slope DC In SEARCH mode the trigger point symbol will be preceded by B As mentioned changing the delay time will not cause a continuous move of the intensified portion of the time base A display and the time base B display but jumps from signal period to period If the trigger level symbol of time base B is shifted outside the signal representation by time base A there will be no triggering of time base B any more and thus no time base B display The same holds in time base B only mode 30 1 5 B trigger Edge Except for the negative edge the function is identical to the one described above 30 1 4 30 1 6 B trigger OFF Time base B will be started upon the end of the delay time set The delay time can be changed continuously in this mode which can be watched on the intensified sector of the time base A display The disadvantage here is that with very long delay times jitter of the time base B display may crop up As time base B is not operated in the signal triggered mode the controls for time base B trigger will be disabled resp are only for time base A 30 1 7 A variable On Off f On was selected the TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob will unction as variable control for the time base A s
34. Calculates 1 operand 1 reciprocal value ABS Takes absolute value of operand 1 removes sign POS Only values of operand 1 gt 0 are displayed lt 0 will not be displayed NEG Only values of operand 1 lt 0 are displayed gt 0 will not be displayed 7 2 3 Operand 1 The INTENS knob allows the selection of these signals as operands CH1 CH1 signal CH2 CH2 signal RE1 Signalfrom reference memory 1 RE2 Signal from reference memory 2 MA1 Result of equation named MA1 MA2 Result of equation named MA2 MA3 Result of equation named MA3 MA4 Result of equation named MA4 MA5 Result of equation named MA The next step after MA5 causes the display Edit Calling Edit opens a sub submenu described under item 7 2 5 7 2 4 Operand 2 The INTENS knob allows the selection of the same operands as mentioned under item 7 2 3 Operand 1 if ADD SUB MUL or DIV function is chosen Subject to change without notice Controls and Readout O FOCUS ANALOG SAVE A INTENS TRACE DIGITAL RECALL AUTOSET cio OSCILLOSCOP gi Ose MENU HU MENU 5105B RUN ACQUIRE SETTINGS HELP Er Se oo a D STO Cocea Eo nemore or AE SSO nae The next step after MA5 causes the display Edit Calling Edit opens a sub submenu described under item 7 2 5 7 2 5 Edit gt Constant Edit In the CW position of the INTENS knob an additional item Edit and an arrow symbol is disp
35. Channel switching may either take place after each sweep alternate or during sweeps with a high frequency chopped The normal choice is alternate however at slow time base set tings the channel switching will become visible and disturbing when this occurs select the chopped mode in order to achieve a stable quiet display In DSO mode no channel switching is necessary as each input has its own A D converter signal acquisition is simultaneous In ADD mode the two channels 1 and 2 are algebraically ad ded CH1 CH2 With polarity the channel is normal with polarity inverted If Ch1 and CH2 are selected the difference will be displayed or vice versa Same polarity input signals Both channels not inverted sum Both channels inverted sum Only one channel inverted difference Opposite polarity input signals Both channels not inverted difference Both channels inverted difference One channel inverted sum Please note that in ADD mode both position controls will be operative The INVERT function will not affect positioning Often the difference of two signals is to be measured at signal take offs which are both at a high common mode potential While this one typical application of the difference mode one important precaution has to be borne in mind The oscillosco pe vertical amplifiers are two separate amplifiers and do not constitute a true difference amplifier with as well a high CM rejection a
36. DELAY pushbutton switch 36 Calls and indicates the actual function of the HORIZONTAL knob X POS dark HORIZONTAL knob 37 Changes the X position resp in digital mode the delay time Pre resp Post Trigger TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob 37 Time base Aand B deflection coefficient time base variable and scaling control MAG x10 pushbutton switch 37 10 fold expansion in X direction in Yt mode with simulta neous change of the deflection coefficient display in the readout HOR VAR pushbutton switch 38 Calls ZOOM function digital and analog time base A and B time base variable and hold off control CH1 VAR pushbutton switch 39 Calls channel 1 menu with input coupling inverting probe and Y variable control VERT XY pushbutton switch 40 Calls vertical mode selection addition XY mode and band width limiter CH2 VAR pushbutton switch 40 Calls channel 1 menu with input coupling inverting probe and Y variable control CH1 BNC socket 41 Channel 1 signal input and input for horizontal deflection in XY mode Front Panel Elements Brief Description O O FOCUS ANALOG A INTENS TRACE DIGITAL AUTOSET Fa OSCILLOSCOP I MENU 5105 B RUN ACQUIRE SETTINGS HELP EXIT MENU 1GSa 1MB REMOTE OFF REM 150 MHz SIOR POSITION 1 CH1 2 POSITION 2 LEVEL A B TRIGGER D VOLTS DIV VOLTS DIV MODE TRIG d TIME DIV SCALE VAR SCALE VAR g SCALE V
37. INSTRUCTION BK PRECISION MANUAL MODEL 5105B 150MHz 1GS s Analog Digital Oscilloscope AUTO CURSOR MEASURE 3 INPUTS ia tt 15pF max 3 a S gt BK EAMICIANAAN S A 7 TEST INSTRUMENT SAFETY TEST INSTRUMENT SAFETY WARNING Normal use of test equipment exposes you to a certain amount of danger from electrical shock because testing must some times be performed where exposed high voltage is present An electrical shock causing 10 milliamps of current to pass through the heart will stop most human heartbeats Voltage as low as 35 volts dc or ac rms should be considered dangerous and hazardous since it can produce a lethal current under certain conditions Higher voltages are even more dangerous Your normal work habits should include all accepted practices to prevent contact with exposed high voltage and to steer cur rent away from your heart in case of accidental contact with a high voltage Observe the following safety precautions 1 la 1b Ic There is little danger of electrical shock from the dc output of this power supply However there are several other possible test conditions using this power supply that can create a high voltage shock hazard If the equipment under test is the hot chassis type a seri ous shock hazard exists unless the equipment is unplugged just turning off the equipment does not remove the hazard or an isolation transformer is used If the equipment
38. Respect field will change accordingly none channel only mode the active channel will be indicated n those modes where 2 channels are activated the INTENS knob symbol will be shown After pressing the Reference pushbutton the reference channel may be selected with the NTENS knob 18 3 3 Respect Tr indicates that the measurement is done with respect to the trigger signal If e g the CH1 signal is used for triggering the result will be with respect to that signal In case of voltage measurement is done with respect to the active channel In those modes where several channels are activated the INTENS knob symbol indicates that different channels can be selected LEVEL A B knob The LEVEL control allows to set the trigger level i e the voltage resp signal level which will generate a trigger to start the time base whenever the signal passes that level In most Yt modes the readout will show a symbol the vertical position of which indicates the signal point which will trigger The trigger symbol will be parked on the second graticule line from the bottom in those modes where there is no direct relationship between trigger signal and trigger point In normal trigger mode the LEVEL control will move the trig ger symbol anywhere In automatic peak to peak detection mode the level can only be selected between the signal s peak values The movement of the trigger symbol is vertical only The range of this sym
39. Trigger Z unblank ACIDE 100V DC peak AC Triggering Analog and Digital Mode Automatic Peak to Peak Min signal height Frequency range Level control range Normal without peak Min signal height Frequency range Level control range Operating modes Slope Sources Coupling Video Standards Field Line Source Indicator for trigger action External Trigger via Coupling Max input voltage Digital mode Pre Post Trigger Analog mode 2nd Trigger Min signal height Frequency range Coupling Level control range 5mm 10 Hz 250 MHz from Peak to Peak Slope Video 5mm 0 250 MHz 10 cm to 10 cm Slope Video positive negative both CH 1 CH 2 alt 1 2 gt 8mm Line Ext AC 10 Hz 250 MHz DC 0 250 MHz HF 30 kHz 250 MHz LF 0 5 kHz Noise Rej switchable pos neg Sync Impulse 525 Line 60 Hz Systems 625 Line 50 Hz Systems even odd both all line number selectable CHRNCHAIE LED Auxiliary Input 0 3V 5 150 MHz AC DC 100V DC peak AC 100 to 400 related to complete memory 5mm 0 250 MHz DC 10 cm to 10cm Horizontal Deflection Analog mode Operating modes Time base A Sequence Time base B Sequence Accuracy A and B X Mag x10 Accuracy X x10 Variable time base A B Hold Off time Bandwidth X Amplifier X Y phase shift lt 3 Digital mode A ALT alternating A B B 0 5s cm 50ns cm 1 2 5 sequence 20 m
40. VIDEO LOGIC In XY mode the pushbuttons MODE 0 FILTER SOURCE are disabled as XY displays can not be triggered In the TRIGGER SOURCE menu the source is selected from which the trigger signal is to be taken The options depend on the actual mode of the scope 22 1 Edge Video Trigger 22 1 1 CH1 Conditions Analog or DSO mode EDGE or VIDEO selected CH1 will then be the trigger source no matter whether it is displayed or not Readout Tr CH1 Slope Filter TV 22 1 2 CH2 Conditions Analog or DSO mode EDGE or VIDEO selected CH2 will then be the trigger source no matter whether it is displayed or not Readout Tr CH2 Slope Filter TV Subject to change without notice Controls and Readout LEVEL A HOBIZONTA TRIG 20 MOD TRIG d D AUX HOR MAG am vse 22 1 3 Alt 1 2 Conditions Analog mode EDGE Triggering Alternate triggering with the signals from channels 1 and 2 as described in the section Alternate Trigger of chapter Triggering and time bases Please note that in this trigger mode the appa rent time relationships between the two signals on the screen are meaningless and misleading the relative position of the two signals depends only on their shape and the trigger level selected In dual channel mode DUAL alternate triggering is only pos sible in conjunction with alternate dual channel operation If previously dual trace chopped mode wa
41. a series connection of the test object and a resistor within the scope The sine wave proper deflects in X direction the voltage across the resistor which is proportional to the test current deflects in Y direction If the object contains neither capacitors nor inductors there will be no phase shift between voltage and current so a straight line will show up which will be more or less slanted depending on the value of the object s resistance covering appr 20 9 to 4 7 KO If there is a short the trace will be vertical i e almost no voltage produces already high current A horizontal line will thus indicate an open there is only voltage but no current Capacitors or inductors will create ellipses The impedance may be calculated from the ellipse s geometric dimensions Capacitors of appr 0 1 uF to 1000 uF will be indicated An ellipse with its longer axis horizontal indicates a high impedance low capacitance or high inductance An ellipse with its longer axis vertical will indicate a low impedance high capacitance or low inductance A slanted ellipse will indicate a lossy capacitor or induc tor Semiconductors will show their diode characteristics however only 20Vpp are available so the forward and reverse characte ristics can only be displayed up to 10Vp in each direction The test is a two terminal test hence it is not possible to measure e g the current gain of a transistor One can only test B C B E and C E
42. accurately positioning at graticule centre thus overdriving the inputs resulting in sharper zero crossings Also it is possible to use half a period over the full 10 cm As the time base is quite accurate increasing the time base speed after adjusting for e g one period 10 cm and positioning the first crossing on the first graticule line will also give better resolution Measurement of amplitude modulation Please note Use this only in analog mode because in DSO mode alias displays may void the measurement For the display of low modulation frequencies a slow time base TIME DIV has to be selected in order to display one full period of the modu lating signal As the sampling frequency of any DSO must be reduced at slow time bases it may become too low for a true representation The momentary amplitude at time t of a hf carrier frequency modulated by a sinusoidal low frequency is given by u UT sinQt 0 5m Ur cos Q w t 0 5m Ur cos Q w t where Ur amplitude of the unmodulated carrier Q 2rxF angular carrier frequency 2af modulation angular frequency m modulation degree lt 1 amp 100 In addition to the carrier a lower side band F f and an upper side band F f will be generated by the modulation Ur 0 5m Ur 0 5m Ur F f F F f Picture 1 Amplitudes and frequencies with AM m 50 of the spectra As long as the frequencies involved remain within the scope s bandw
43. al the DSO must take time out to perform calculations the result of which will then be displayed much later Therefore the capture rate of ordinary DSOs is orders of magnitude lower than that of any analog scope Hence a DSO is least suited to catch rare events There is no information in the trace the trace is always of equal intensity Thus valuable information so called Z axis is lost Also the fast slopes of a pulse which are invisible on an analog scope will be of the same intensity as the slower parts of the signal this is a gross mis repre sentation The reason is that DSOs ordinarily do not show only the sampled points but they interpolate by drawing a continuous trace The vertical resolution is mostly only 8 bits In an analog scope there is no loss of fine detail by digitizing Even if the trace is not very crisp details can be seen in it Due tothe sampling and the lack of a low pass filter in the input frequencies above half the sampling frequency will cause so called aliases i e low frequency ghost signals Sampling is practically the same as frequency conversion resp multiplication it creates sum and difference frequen cies beat frequencies which may be orders of magnitude lower than the signal frequency and give grossly erroneous results In practice therefore only frequencies 1 10 or less of the sampling frequency can be reliably displayed The meaning of the Nyquist theorem is mostly misunderstood
44. alue within the limits upon entering this mode 8 5 Peak Detect Auto Off On Peak Detect Auto mode this mode of acquisition will be auto matically selected if YT and time base speeds of 20 ms cm to 2 ms cm were chosen This mode is only available with Refresh Envelope Average and Single sweep The readout will show PD preceding the symbol for the operating mode selected At slow sweep speeds the sampling rate will be low i e there are relatively large gaps between samples Glitches occurring during those gaps will go by unnoticed With Peak Detect ho wever the highest sampling rate will be used such that glitches will be caught The samples will be looked at and the ones with the highest values stored and displayed 8 6 Random Auto Off Provided single sweep was not selected Random Sampling will be automatically selected beginning at a certain sweep speed The time base setting will be indicated in the readout e g RS 10 GSa Random sampling with 10 GS s effective sampling rate the real time time base speed will be 5 ns cm Without Random Sampling RS Real Time Sampling will be used with a maximum sampling rate of 1 GS s one channel only or 500 kSa s two channel mode Random Sampling requires repetitive signals each signal period will contribute one sample At an effective sampling rate of 10 GS s the time difference from sample to sample along the signal period will be 0 1 ns However note that with random
45. ame modes available as in analog mode i e CH1 only CH2 only CH1 and CH2 in dual trace mode Yt or XY Sum Difference The main differences of DSO mode are In dual channel mode both channels resp signals are a d converted simultaneously o alternate or chopped channel switching No flickering display even with low frequency signals as he signals are stored and continuously displayed from the memory with a sufficiently high rep rate Trace intensity is always the same This is an advantage and a disadvantage All so called Z axis trace intensity information is lost In analog mode the intensity depends on the signal rep rate resp the speed thus mixed or unstable signals can be differentiated by their respective trace intensity Fast slopes of low frequency signals are invisible in analog mode in DSO mode they will be shown as bright as the other signal portions Data transfer Please note Interface modules may only be exchanged after the instrument was turned off During operation the opening of the interface must be covered There is an opening on the rear panel into which various inter face modules can be inserted Instruments are delivered with RS 232 installed The interface allows to either remotely control the scope or read its settings In DSO mode also the digitized and stored signals may be retrieved Interface cables must be shielded and must not reach a length of 3 m or more Subject to
46. and no information pertaining to it is shown 32 4 ADD In ADD mode the signals of both channels are algebraically added and displayed as one sum signal The Y position can be changed with both position controls If one channel is inverted the difference will be displayed Only one 0 V symbol will be shown in the readout The ADD mode will be indicated by placing a symbol between the sensitivity indications of both channels In DSO mode 1 2 will be displayed at the end of the trace Please note that the results of cursor measurements in this mode will only be correct if the sensitivities of both channels are identical otherwise the readout will show CH1 lt gt CH2 Automatic voltage measurements can not be performed in ADD mode The readout will show n a not available As the trigger signals are taken off the inputs and not from the added signal there is no true reference for the trigger point symbol the symbol will thus be switched off in analog mode However the LEVEL A B control is active In DSO mode a trigger time symbol is displayed one line above the lowest graticule line to indicate the trigger time position along the signal and thus can only be moved horizontally Subject to change without notice 32 5 XY In this mode CH1 will move the trace in X direction hence the readout will show CHX CH2 will move the trace in Y direction hence CHY will be shown rather than CH2
47. any leads probes connectors and accessories that you are using with the device Customers not on open account must include payment in the form of a money order or credit card For the most current repair charges please visit www bkprecision com and click on service repair Return all merchandise to B amp K Precision Corp with pre paid shipping The flat rate repair charge for Non Warranty Service does not include return shipping Return shipping to locations in North American is included for Warranty Service For overnight shipments and non North American shipping fees please contact B amp K Precision Corp B amp K Precision Corp 22820 Savi Ranch Parkway Yorba Linda CA 92887 www bkprecision com 714 921 9095 Include with the returned instrument your complete return shipping address contact name phone number and description of problem Controls and Readout Subject to change without notice BK ae a ig N FIVE Grol E 22820 Savi Ranch Parkway Yorba Linda CA 92887 2005 B K Precision Corp 481 548 9 001 Printed in U S A
48. are arbitrary and depend only on the respec tive signal shapes Make it a rule to use alternate trigger only in rare special cases The best method of measuring time or phase differences is using the dual channel Yt mode Of course only times may be read off the screen the phase must then be calculated as the frequency is known This is a much more accurate and convenient method as the full bandwidth of the scope is used and both amplifiers are almost identical Trigger the time base from the signal which shall be the reference It is necessary to position both traces without signal exactly on the graticule center POSITION 1 and 2 The variables and trigger level controls may be used this will not influence the time difference measurement For best accuracy display only one period at high amplitude und observe the zero crossings One period equals 360 degrees It may be advantageous to use ac coupling if there is an offset in the signals t horizontal spacing of the zero transitions in div T horizontal spacing for one t T In this example t 3 cm and T 10 cm the phase difference in degrees will result from po 2 360 2 360 108 T 10 or in angular units arco oy com 1 885 rad T 10 Very small phase differences with moderately high frequencies may yield better results with Lissajous figures However in order to get higher precision it is possible to switch to higher sensitivities after
49. ation all relevant measuring parameters will be shown in the readout provided the readout was activated and its in tensity is sufficient The front panel LEDs add to the operating comfort and give more information In the end positions of the control knob an acoustical signal will sound Apart from the POWER pushbutton all control elements are scanned and stored This allows to control the instrument from stored information Some controls and menus are only operative in DSO mode or change their meaning in this mode Explanations are given with the warning Only in DSO mode Subject to change without notice 25 Controls and Readout A INTENS FOCUS ANALOG SAVE TRACE DIGITAL RECALL AUTQSET cio OSCILLOSCOP gi o MENU 5105B RUN ACQUIRE SETTINGS HELP EXIT MENU 1 GSa 1MB POSITION 1 CH1 2 POSITION 2 LEVEL A B D AUTO CURSOR MEASURE 20V 1 mv SD 20V 1mV CH1 VERT XY CH2 Ne Controls and Readout POWER Mains switch with symbols I ON and O OFF After turning the scope on and after the warm up time of the crt heater has elapsed the B amp K logo the instrument type and the version number are displayed If prior to switching off the function Quick Start was selected SETTINGS gt Misc the above will not be displayed Then the scope will assume the settings which existed before switching off
50. ation can be found in Controls and Readout under COMPONENT PROBE and COMPONENT TESTER The scope has a built in component tester The test object is connected with 4mm banana plugs In this mode the Y amplifiers and the time base are turned off Only individual components may be tested i e they must not be part of a circuit if voltages are to be applied to the BNC connectors If the components are part of a circuit this must be deenergized and disconnected from safety ground Except for the two test leads there may be no further connection between scope and component See Tests within a circuit As described in section Safety all ground connections of the scope are connected to safety ground including those of the component tester As long as individual components are tested this is of no consequence The display can only be affected by the controls contained in the FOCUS TRACE menu A Int Focus Trace rotation HORI ZONTAL position If components are to be tested which are parts of a circuit or an instrument those circuits resp instruments must first be deenergized If they are connected to the mains they must be unplugged This will prevent a connection between scope and circuit via the safety ground which may affect the measure ment lt Do not test charged capacitors The principle of the test is very simple a sine wave generator within the scope generates a 50Hz 10 voltage which is applied to
51. ation is also displayed in the readout Dt and is an aid to find the position of the intensified sector which may be very small If time base B ONLY is chosen the intensified sector is no longer visible but the DELAY function still can be used Without activated B Trigger function the B time base will be started after the A time base delay time elapsed 26 2 DSO mode The pushbutton will signal the actual function in accordance with the front panel lettering dark The knob functions as X position control green The knob functions as delay time control 26 2 1 X POS If the pushbutton is dark the HORIZONTAL knob functions as X position control of the trigger time i e it moves the trigger point symbol horizontally This allows to display signal portions before and after the trigger called Pre Trigger and Post Trig ger If the trigger point symbol is located on the screen centre the readout will show Tt 0s hence the trigger time indication is always referred to the screen centre Values with a positive sign are Post Trigger times such with a negative sign Pre Trigger times If the X POS DELAY pushbutton is depressed the Hor Knob menu will be called it contains the following options 1st Centre Pressing the function pushbutton Center will set the trigger time to the screen centre Tt 0s which is the standard setting 2nd Coarse On Off changes the speed of the HORIZONTAL knob 26 2
52. ble as well for internal as external triggering But the signal must be gt 20 Hz Normal trigger mode See menu MODE Consult the chapters MODE gt AUTO LEVEL A B FILTER and SOURCE in Controls and Readout Information about how to trigger very difficult signals can be found in the HOR menu 0 where the functions time base fine adjustment VAR HOLD OFF time setting and time base B operation are explained With normal triggering and suitable trigger level setting trigge ring may be chosen on any point of the signal slope Here the range of the trigger level control depends on the trigger signal amplitude With signals lt 1 cm care Is necessary In normal mode triggering there will be no trace visible in the absence of a signal or when the signal is below the minimum trigger amplitude requirement Normal triggering will function even with complicated signals If a mixture of signals is displayed triggering will require repetition of amplitudes to which the level can be set This may require special care in adjustment Slope selection Menu FILTER After entering FILTER the trigger slope may be selected using the function keys See also Controls and Readout AUTOSET will not change the slope Positive or negative slope may be selected in auto or normal trigger modes Also a setting both may be selected which will cause a trigger irrespective of the polarity of the next slope Rising slope mea
53. bol is limited in order to prevent that this symbol will overwrite other readout information As soon as the trigger sym bol leaves the graticule its form will change this change signals in which direction the trigger symbol left the graticule Analog mode only Depending on the time base mode the LEVEL control will affect the time base A or B triggering Press the HOR pushbutton 0 in order to select the time base mode in the Time base menu In Search mode alternate time base mode the last trigger level setting for time base A will remain valid graticule left if time base B is switched to triggered mode Menu Time base set B trigger to positive or negative slope Thereafter the LEVEL A B control will control the time base B trigger a second trigger point symbol will be shown and marked with B MODE pushbutton Pressing this pushbutton will open the Trigger menu where Auto Normal Single sweep triggering can be selected Choosing Slope will allow to trigger on any signal shape For video signals select Video and press the FILTER pushbutton in order to find a choice of special trigger modes for composite video signals Subject to change without notice CH1 2 POSITION 1 POSITION 2 VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR AUTO CURSOR MEASURE 20V 1 mv S 20V 1mV In XY mode the pushbuttons MODE FILTER and SOURCE are disabled as there is
54. both time bases An artificial Y offset can be added in order to separate the two displays on the screen The operation is analogous to Y dual trace alternate mode i e the signal is alternately displayed by both time bases not simultaneously which is not possible with a single gun crt What was said above about how TB B can be started holds also here AUTOSET For specific information consult Controls and Readout AU TOSET O The following description is valid for both analog and DSO modes AUTOSET does not change from analog to DSO mode or vice versa If in DSO mode the modes Roll Envelope or Average ACQUIRE are present or the trigger mode Single MODE is selected theses modes will be switched off as AU TOSET always switches to Refresh acquistion The signal to be displayed must meet the amplitude and frequency require ments of automatic triggering to enable a useful automatic instrument setting All controls except for the POWER switch are electronically scanned all functions can also be controlled by the microcom puter i e also via the interfaces This is a precondition for AUTOSET as this function must be able to control all functions independent of control settings AUTO SET will always switch to YT mode but preserve the previous selection of CH1 CH2 or dual trace ADD or XY modes will be switched to dual trace Yt Automatic setting of the vertical sensitivities and the time base
55. change without notice Data transfer RS 232 Interface Remote control Safety hint All interface connections are galvanically connected to the scope Measurements at high potentials are prohibited and endanger the scope the interface and all gear connected to the inter face If the safety rules are disregarded any damage to B amp K products will void the warranty Neither will B amp K take any responsibility for damages to people or gear of other make Description The RS 232 interface on the rear panel has the usual 9 pole SubD connector Via this bidirectional interface the scope can be controlled remotely or its settings may be transferred In DSO mode also the digitized and stored signals can be read out The connection to a pc requires a 9 pole screened cable 1 1 of 3 m maximum length The pinout is as follows Pin no Function 2 1x date from scope to external device Rx data from external device to scope CTS ready to transmit RTS ready to receive ground scope is connected to safety ground safety class 5 V max 400 mA sO O1 CO NI W The maximum signal on Tx Rx RTS and CTS is 12 V The RS 232 interface parameters are N 8 2 no parity 8 bits data 2 stop bits RTS CTS hardware protocol Selection of Baud rate Baud rate setting is automatic Range 110 to 115200 no parity 8 bits data 2 stop bits The first SPACE CR 20 hex OD hex character sent after POWE UP will set the Baud rate This w
56. check the amplitude which should be the same as with 1 kHz It is important to first adjust 1 kHz then 1 MHz It may be ne cessary to check the 1 kHz adjustment again Please note that the calibrator signals are not calibrated with respect to frequency and thus must not be used to check the time base accuracy also their duty cycle may differ from 1 1 The probe adjustment is completed if the pulse tops are horizontal and the amplitude calibration is correct Operating modes of the vertical amplifier The controls most important for the vertical amplifier are VERT XY 3 CH16 and CH2 69 They give access to the me nus containing the operating modes and the parameters of the individual channels Changing the operating mode is described in the chapter Controls and Readout Remark Any reference to both channels always refers to channels 1 and 2 Usually oscilloscopes are used in the Yt mode In analog mode the amplitude of the measuring signal will deflect the trace vertically while a time base will deflect it from left to right The vertical amplifiers offer these modes One signal only with CH1 One signal only with CH2 Two signals with channels 1 and 2 DUAL trace mode In DSO mode the channels 3 and 4 are available in addition but for logic signals only In DUAL mode both channels are operative In analog mode the method of signal display is governed by the time base see also Controls and Readout
57. ctions 4 1 Ifa menu is displayed pressing this pushbutton will turn it off On condition a submenu is displayed pressing this pushbutton switches back to the menu 4 2 Under remote control this pushbutton will be illuminated After pressing the pushbutton control is returned to the front panel ANALOG DIGITAL Switches between analog green and DSO modes blue The operating mode Yt or XY will not be affected If component test mode was selected possible only in analog mode and the scope is switched to digital the operating mode last used when in DSO mode will be reinstalled Y parameters will not be changed by the switching Time base modes will be changed due to the different operation of the time bases in both modes After any switching time base A will be selected The time base speeds selected will not be affected unless they are not available any more then the maximum value will be chosen RUN STOP This pushbutton has several functions 6 1 Analog mode single sweep The RUN STOP pushbutton is used to set the time base for a single sweep Press MODE and activate Single in this menu By pressing RUN STOP the scope will wait for the next trigger indicated by STOP blinking After a signal triggered the time base and the sweep is over the scope will stop indicated by STOP continuously illuminated Each time the pushbutton is depressed the scope will be activated anew for one trigger resp one sweep 6 2
58. d n this mode there is no lower frequency limit for signals 20 3 Single sweep capture n single sweep capture mode the time base selected will accept only one trigger for one sweep capture after it was armed The NORM LED will light up Auto triggering is disabled For further information about the precise operation see RUN STOP pushbutton description FILTER pushbutton After this pushbutton is depressed it will depend on the settings chosen in MODE O Edge or Video which menu will be offered In XY mode the pushbuttons MODE 0 FILTER and SOURCE are disabled as XY displays can not be triggered 21 1 Menu Slope The menu Edge will appear if Edge was selected in the TRIGGER menu to be called with MODE pushbutton and after the FILTER pushbutton was depressed For further informa tion see Trigger coupling Menu FILTER under the heading Triggering and time bases and the instrument specifications The following settings are available 21 1 1 Trig Filter AC The trigger signal is AC coupled via a large capacitor in order to reach a low cut off frequency Readout Tr Source Slope AC DC The trigger signal is DC coupled No peak triggering is possible Readout Tr Source Slope DC HF AC coupling with a small capacitor suppressing low frequency signals Hence the signal display and the trigger signal derived are not any more identical the trigger point symbol w
59. d slope E Pure DC can not trigger the time base a voltage change is necessary Triggering may be internal from any of the input signals or externally from a time related signal For triggering a minimum signal amplitude is required which can be determined with a sine wave signal With internal trigge ring the trigger take off within the vertical amplifiers is directly ollowing the attenuators The minimum amplitude is specified in mm onthe screen Thus it is not necessary to give a minimum voltage for each setting of the attenuator For external triggering the appropriate input connector is used he amplitude necessary there is given in Vpp The voltage for riggering may be much higher than the minimum however it should be limited to 20 times the minimum Please note that or good triggering the voltage resp signal height should be a good deal above the minimum The scope features two trigger modes to be described in the following Automatic peak triggering MODE menu Consult the chapters MODE gt AUTO LEVEL A B FILTER and SOURCE in Controls and Readout Using AUTOSET this trigger mode will be automatically selected With DC cou pling and with alternate trigger this mode will be left while the automatic triggering will remain Automatic triggering causes a newtime base Start after the end of the foregoing and after the hold off time has elapsed even Subject to change without notice Triggering and ti
60. e to other stored signals The results may be graphically displayed on the screen and determined by the cursor functions All Controls and Readout entries and settings will be automatically stored upon leaving the Mathematics menu or turning the scope off Measurement results will be lost after turn off Mathematics offers 7 1 Equations set Using the INTENS knob 5 sets of formulas can be selected for editing This way 5 user defined formula sets may be created Each set of formulas consists of 5 lines with one equation each designated MA1 to MA5 An equation may occupy one or more lines In this case it has to be kept in mind that the lines of equations are processed as a Stack i e starting with MA1 1st line to MA5 5th line B Please note That formula set is valid which is shown prior to leaving the MATH menu 7 2 Edit Edit opens the Mathematics Edit submenu 7 2 1 Equation 5 equations may be selected with the INTENS knob Each equation consists of the name of a result e g MA5 the sign the function e g ADD and first operand second ope rand Remark The second operand will not be displayed with all functions 7 2 2 Function By using the INTENS knob the following functions may be selected ADD Operand 1 operand 2 SUB Operand 1 operand 2 MUL Operand 1 times operand 2 DIV Operand 1 divided by operand 2 SQ Operand 1 squared INV Changes sign of operand 1 1
61. e will help to arrive at a single display Sometimes a double display will appear when a pulse signa contains pulses of slightly differing height requiring delicate trigger level adjustment Also here increasing the hold of time will help Whenever the hold off time was increased it should reset to its minimum for other measurements otherwise the brightness will suffer as the sweep rep rate will not be maximum The following pictures demonstrate the function of the hold off heavy parts are displayed period l signal I l l swee l p Fig 1 N N N MAU OUUU L adjusting HOLD OFF l Ime i Fig 2 Fig 1 Display with minimum hold off time basic setting Double image no stable display Fig 2 By increasing the hold off a stable display is achie ved Time base B 2 4 time base Delaying Delayed Sweep Analog mode Consult Controls and Readout HOR and TIME DIV for specific information As was described in Triggering and time base a trigger will start the time base While waiting for a trigger after runout of the hold off time the trace will remain blanked A trigger will cause trace unblanking and the sweep ramp which deflects Subject to change without notice the trace from left to right with the speed set with TIME DIV At the end of the sweep the trace will be blanked again and retrace to the start position During a sweep t
62. eadout env Average readout avg x x may be a number 2 512 2 ROLL mode untriggered continuous signal acquisition display will roll over the screen from left to right in usual Yt mode Roll readout rol 3 Single sweep triggered menu Trigger MODE signal capture in usual Yt mode Single readout sgl Subject to change without notice 4 Untriggered continuous signal capture display in XY mode Menu trigger MODE XY readout XY 5 XY display of signals which were previously captured in Yt mode and protected against overwriting by STOP XY readout XY Signal capture is triggered in SINGLE REFRESH ENVELOPE and AVERAGE modes and untriggered in ROLL and XY modes The normal Refresh mode is similar to the operating mode of an analog scope Triggering will cause signal acquisition and display from left to right After the next acquisition the display will be replaced by the new information If automatic triggering was Selected there will be a reference trace in the absence of a signal the position of which is dependent on the vertical position control setting Signals with a repetition rate lower than the rep rate of the automatic triggering can not properly trigger so the resulting display will be untriggered In contrast to an analog scope the last display will remain on the screen if the signal disappears in normal trigger mode In SINGLE mode the signal will be acquired only o
63. eas Type measurement type The measurement type can be selected with the INTENS knob 18 2 3 Respect Tr indicates that the measurement is done with respect to the trigger signal If e g the CH1 signal is used for triggering the result will be with respect to that signal 18 3 Auto DSO mode Depending on the operating mode this submenu offers various automatic measurements The display in the reference field will signal to which source the result belongs Tr trigger signal or the signal of the channel shown See the hints in 18 2 regarding period trigger period or fre quency trigger frequency measurements For voltage measurements the result will be calculated from the displayed signal data and the signal data selected with Respect w Please note Complex signals should be measured with CURSOR 18 3 1 Auto On Off If Auto is On the readout will display the result of the automatic Subject to change without notice Controls and Readout measurement in the top right corner e g DC CH2 100uV CHx denotes the source channel Tr the trigger signal Sometimes a may be displayed if there is no signal or an insufficient one f a variable is activated and the sensitivity or time base thus uncalibrated the will be replaced by a gt symbol 18 3 2 Meas Type measurement type f this function is activated the mode can be selected with the NTENS knob the display in the
64. ents will be exact within the instrument s specifications We recommend a SCOPE TESTER HZ60 which in spite of its low cost will fulfil this requirement very well Clean the outer shell using a dust brush in regular intervals Dirt can be re moved from housing handle all metal and plastic parts using a cloth moistened with water and 1 detergent Greasy dirt may be removed with benzene petroleum ether or alcohol there after wipe the surfaces with a dry cloth Plastic parts should be treated with an antistatic solution destined for such parts No fluid may enter the instrument Do not use other cleansing agents as they may adversely affect the plastic or lacquered surfaces Line voltage The instrument has a wide range power supply from 105 to 253 V 50 or 60 Hz 10 There is hence no line voltage selector The line fuse is accessible on the rear panel and part of the line input connector Prior to exchanging a fuse the line cord must be pulled out Exchange is only allowed if the fuse holder is undamaged it can be taken out using a screwdriver put into the slot The fuse can be pushed out of its holder and exchanged The holder with the new fuse can then be pushed back in place against the spring It is prohibited to repair blown fuses or to bridge the fuse Any damages incurred by such measures will void the warranty Type of fuse Size 5 x 20 mm 250V C IEC 127 BL Ill DIN 41 662 or DIN 41 571 BL 3 Cut off
65. explains why it is B amp K policy to offer Combiscopes rather than pure DSOs which combine the best of both worlds although the cost of such an instrument is markedly higher than that of a pure DSO take alone the complicated high frequency crt It is the low cost of manufacturing which causes the drive towards DSOs DSO Operation The 150MHz scope has 2 8 bit a d converters of the flash type which is the best there is The maximum sample rate of each is 500 MS s which is the rate available in dual channel mode for the capture of single events The maximum sampling rate in all other operating modes is 1 GS s Higher effective sampling rates are possible as explained above in equivalent and random sampling modes As very many signals repetitions are needed to reconstruct the signal once any changes in signal shape such as noise will show up The reconstructed signal may be displayed either by showing only the sampled points or with interpolation between them by drawing straight lines The signals stored in DSO mode can be read via an interface and documented See the chapter Data Transfer for details DSO operating modes In DSO mode the following operating modes are available 1 Menu ACQUIRE Repetitive triggered signal acquisition and display in usual Yt representation REFRESH readout shows rfr real time sampling or Random sampling readout RS xGSa The operating mode may be further subdivided Envelope r
66. fective product or component parts Returned product must be accompanied by proof of the purchase date in the form of a sales receipt To obtain warranty coverage in the U S A this product must be registered by completing a war ranty registration form on www bkprecision com within fifteen 15 days of purchase Exclusions This warranty does not apply in the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alterations or repairs The warranty is void if the serial number is altered defaced or removed B amp K Precision Corp shall not be liable for any consequential damages including without limitation damages resulting from loss of use Some states do not allow limitations of incidental or conse quential damages So the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you This warranty gives you specific rights and you may have other rights which vary from state to state B amp K Precision Corp 22820 Savi Ranch Parkway Yorba Linda CA 92887 www bkprecision com 714 921 9095 BK PRECISION Service Information Warranty Service Please return the product in the original packaging with proof of purchase to the address below Clearly state in writing the performance problem and return any leads probes connectors and accessories that you are using with the device Non Warranty Service Return the product in the original packaging to the address below Clearly state in writing the performance problem and return
67. finite resolution this is limited to 25 points per cm in DSO mode If here is any noise superimposed on the signal this may cause requent change of the lowest bit and thus jumping of the trace in vertical direction Horizontal resolution A maximum of 4 simultaneous signal displays may be shown on the screen Each signal display will consist of 2048 points bytes 2000 points will be distributed over 10 cm The resolution is thus 200 points per cm Please note that this a 4 to 8 times improvement over customary VGA 50 points per div or LCD 25 points per div DSO displays Memory depth 1 GS s means that one million samples will be taken of the signal and stored With normal triggering and time base settings of gt 20 ms cm there will be 500 000 samples The screen display is calculated from the whole memory con tents Within the menu Settings gt Display several display modes may be selected Dots the sampling points only are displayed Vectors interpolation sin x x or dot join is used to gene rate a continuous trace Optimal In this mode all samples are used to calculate the display This way the display of aliases Is less likely The scope acquires with as high a sampling rate as is possible thus preventing to a large extent the production of alias signals lt is always possible to zoom through the memory in order to look at details and thanks to the deep memory signal details may be shown which remain invisib
68. g the duty cycle of pulses the capacitor must charge or discharge This will cause a momentary Y shift of the display 33 2 Ground GND On Off The pushbutton will alternate between switching the amplifier input to the signal or to ground If the signal is disconnected resp the amplifier input connected to ground the readout will show a ground symbol behind the sensitivity indication In automatic trigger mode the trace will be visible in a reference position which can be used as a 0 V ground reference The readout will show a symbol 1 for 0 V which will be close to the vertical centre line of the graticule it is the zero reference for any measurements Referred to the trace position 0 Va DC voltage may be measured after the input was returned to the signal 33 3 Invert On Off The pushbutton will alternate between not inverted and inverted An inverted signal will be indicated in the readout by bar above the channel symbol The trigger signal taken from an input will not be affected 33 4 Probe menu This pushbutton opens the CH2 probe submenu 33 4 1 1 10 100 1000 A selection of 4 factors can be made the factor chosen will be automatically taken into account for all displays and measu rements 33 4 2 auto If auto was selected HAMEG probes with special probe iden tification connectors will be automatically identified and the appropriate factor taken into account The probe factor identified will be show
69. g to the minimum standards of post rail or trans port firm Proper operation Please note This instrument is only destined for use by person nel well instructed and familiar with the dangers of electrical measurements For safety reasons the oscilloscope may only be operated from mains outlets with safety ground connector It is prohibited o separate the safety ground connection The plug must be inserted prior to connecting any signals CAT This oscilloscope is destined for measurements in circuits not connected to the mains or only indirectly Direct measurements i e with a galvanic connection to circuits corresponding to the categories Il Ill or IV are prohibited The measuring circuits are considered not connected to the mains if a Suitable isolation transformer fulfilling safety class ll is used Measurements on the mains are also possible if suitable probes like current probes are used which fulfil the safety class Il The measurement category of such probes must be checked and observed Measurement categories The measurement categories were derived corresponding to the distance from the power station and the transients to be expected hence Transients are short very fast voltage or cur rent excursions which may be periodic or not Measurement cat IV easurements close to the power station e g on electricity meters Measurement cat III Measurements in the interior of buildings power distribution in
70. gth of the intensified sector is determined by the speed of the Z time base The Y position of both displays is identical so they are written one over the other In order to separate them for better readability an artificial Y offset may be added to the Z time base display Press the pushbutton CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM 5 to call the menu Pos Scale Then press the function pushbutton ZOOM Now the POSITION 1 knob will function as Y position control for time base Z As this only makes sense in SEARCH mode it is unavailable in others 30 2 3 Zoom only Only the Z time base will be displayed The readout will hence only show Z in the top left corner The TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob affects only time base B CH1 pushbutton This pushbutton opens the CH1 menu which contains the fol lowing options referring to CH1 resp to the signal on CH1 31 1 AC DC Pressing the pushbutton will switch from AC to DC or vice versa The mode selected will be shown in the readout following the sensitivity setting is for AC and is for DC Controls and Readout AUX HOR MAG AUXILIARY INPUT TRIGGER 1MQ Il EXTERN 15pF max Z INPUT 100 Vp A CATI 6D 6 31 1 1 DC coupling The signal will be directly coupled from the BNC connector via the attenuator to the vertical amplifier The input resistance is MQ in all positions of the attenuator 31 1 2 AC coupling A capacitor is inserted be
71. he HOR pushbutton gt Search Press the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton select TB B The pushbutton will light up green 13 2 X position in XY mode Analog and DSO modes POSITION 1 will function as X position control of CH1 in XY mode and provided the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton is not illuminated Note The HORIZONTAL control will also be functional in XY mode 13 3 CURSOR position Analog and DSO modes The POSITION 1 control will function as Y position control of the cursors if the following conditions are met The CURSOR display must have been activated AUTO CURSOR MEASURE pushbutton 4 gt Cursors gt Cursors On pushbutton depressed Press the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton select Cursors or Cur Track The push button will light up in blue E Please note i The function Cur Track is only available if two cursors are indeed displayed then both cursors can be moved simultaneously tracking without a change of their respective positions POSITION 2 knob Also this control may assume diverse functions dependent on the operating mode the function selected via the CH1 2 CUR Controls and Readout SOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton and the menu item activated 14 1 Y position 14 1 1 Y position CH2 Analog and DSO modes POSITION 2 will function as Y position control of CH2 in Yt mode and if the CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton is not illuminated
72. he signal amplitude may be too large overdriving the vertical amplifier or and its DC content may be oo high Reduce the sensitivity until the trace will reappear onscreen If calibrated measurements are desired it will be necessary to use a probe if the signal becomes gt 160 Vp Check he probe specifications in order to avoid overstressing If the ime base is set too fast the trace may become invisible then reduce the time base speed f no probe is used at least shielded cable should be used However this is only advisable for low impedance sources or Subject to change without notice First time operation and initial adjustments low frequencies lt 50 kHz With high frequencies impedance matching will be necessary Nonsinusoidal signals require impedance matching at both ends preferably At the scope input a feed through 50 ter mination will be required If proper terminations are not used sizeable pulse aberrations will result Also sine wave signals of gt 100 kHz should be properly terminated Most generators control signal amplitudes only if correctly terminated For probes terminations are neither required nor allowed they would ruin the signal Probes feature very low loads at fairly low frequencies 10 MQin parallel to a few pF valid up to several hundred kHz However the input impedance diminishes with rising frequency to quite low values This has to be borne in mind as probes are e g entirely unsuitable to
73. he time base is now uncalibrated the readout will replace by gt preceding the time cm e g A gt 500ns and B gt 200ns Also the results of cursor time pe riod measurements will be marked that way 28 2 DSO mode 28 2 1 ZOOM OFF A time base time cm selection Select the menu Zoom by pressing HOR 30 and then Off in order to set the function of the knob TIME DIV SCALE VAR to time base A speed as in analog mode If Zoom Off is active always the whole memory will be displayed Turning the control CCW will decrease turning it CW will increase the time base speed Depending on the signal captu re display the time base can be set from 50 s cm to 5 ns cm in a 1 2 5 sequence e g A 50ns and will be calibrated There is no variable function as in analog mode 28 2 2 Search Zoom only Zoom time base speed selection One of the functions SEARCH or ZOOM ONLY may be selected in the ZOOM menu after pressing HOR 0 Zoom Off is equivalent to time base A in analog mode With Zoom only a portion of the display in Zoom Off can be expanded over the whole screen This is possible because there is a very large memory for signal capture display The Zoom Off display will present the whole memory contents With SEARCH both the Zoom Off and the expanded Zoom only displays will be visible With Zoom only only the expanded display will show up The Zoom time base speed will be i
74. he trace will also be deflected vertically by the input signal In fact the input signal does continuously deflect the trace vertically but this will be only visible during the unblanking time This is by the way one marked difference to DSO operation where the input signal is only measured during the acquisition time for most of the time the DSO will not see the signal Also in analog mode the signal itself will be seen on the screen in real time whereas a DSO can only show a reconstruction of the signal acquired some time later In analog mode thus the display will always start on the left Let us assume one period of a signal is displayed at a convenient time base setting Increasing the sweep speed with TIME DIV will expand the display from the start so that parts of the signal will disappear from the screen It is thus possible to expand the beginning of the signal period and show fine detail but it is impossible to show such fine detail for later parts of the signal The x10 Magnifier MAG x10 may be used to expand the display and the horizontal positioning control can shift any part of the display into the centre but the factor of 10 is fixed The solution requires a second time base called time base B In this mode time base A is called the delaying sweep and time base B the delayed sweep The signal is first displayed by TB A alone Then TB B is also turned on which is the mode A intensified by B TB B
75. heir repetition frequency is lt 1 10 of the sampling frequency For a well defined display however many more than 10 points per cm are necessary Display of aliases As explained the maximum sampling rate must be reduced for slow time base settings This may cause aliases If e g a sine wave is sampled only with one sample per period and if it should be synchronous with the sampling frequency a horizontal line Data transfer will be shown as each time the same signal point is sampled An alias may also take the form of a signal of much lower frequency beat frequency between signal and sampling frequencies apparently untriggered changing displays or may look like AM modulated signals If an alias is suspected change the signal frequency or the time base or both If aliases remain undetected grossly erroneous results will be obtained which includes also grossly maybe orders of magnitude false displays of signal parameters like rise time etc Always watch for a stepped display or print out this indicates an insufficient sampling rate and consequently a false display With an insufficient sampling rate e g fast short pulses may be completely ignored The best method to detect any false DSO display is to switch to analog mode In analog mode false displays are absolutely impossible An analog scope can at worst round the edges of very fast signals Vertical amplifier operating modes In principle in DSO mode there are the s
76. here is danger of overstressing the probe or and the scope inputs Never perform difference measurements without both probe ground cables connected XY operation This mode is accessed by VERT XY gt XY In analog mode the time will be turned off The channel 1 signal will deflect in X direction X INP horizontal input hence the input attenuators the variable and the POSITION 1 control will be operative The HORIZONTAL control will also remain functional Channel 2 will deflect in Y direction The x10 magnifier will be inoperative in XY mode Please note the differences in the Y and X bandwidths the X amplifier has a lower 3 dB frequency than the Y amplifier Consequently the phase difference between X and Y will increase with frequency In XY mode the X signal CH1 X INP can not be inverted The XY mode may generate Lissajous figures which simplify some measuring tasks and make others possible Comparison of two signals of different frequency or adju stment of one frequency until it is equal to the other resp becomes synchronized This is also possible for multiples or fractions of one of the frequencies Phase measurements with Lissajous figures The following pictures show two sine waves of equal amplitude and frequency but differing phase Calculation of the phase angle between the X and Y signals af ter reading a and b off the screen is possible using the following formulas and a pocket calculator w
77. idth the amplitude modulated hf can be displayed Pre ferably the time base is adjusted so that several signal periods will be displayed Triggering is best done from the modulation frequency Sometimes a stable displayed can be achieved by twiddling with the time base variable sk 7 b Y Picture 2 Amplitude modulated hf F 1 MHz f 1 kHz m 50 Ut 28 3 MVrms Triggering and time base Set the scope controls as follows in order to display the picture 2 signal CH1 only 20 mV cm AC TIME DIV 0 2 ms cm Triggering NORMAL AC internal Use the time base variable or external triggering Reading a and b off the screen the modulation degree will result m azb bzw m ab 100 a b a Ur 1 m and b Ur 1 m When measuring the modulation degree the amplitude and time variables can be used without any influence on the result Triggering and time base The most important controls and displays for these functions are to be found in the shaded TRIGGER area they are described in Controls and Readout In YT mode the signal will deflect the trace vertically while the time will deflect it horizontally the speed can be selected In general periodic voltage signals are displayed with a peri odically repeating time base In order to have a stable display successive periods must trigger the time base at exactly the same time position of the signal amplitude an
78. ill be parked in DSO mode and will not react to the LEVEL A B control In analog mode the trigger point symbolis switched off As a combination of HF coupling and LF or Noise Reject is not meaningful both menu options will not be shown Readout Tr Source Slope HF LF The trigger signal is sent through a low pass in order to suppress high frequency components As this will already suppress hf the noise rejection mode will be set to OFF automatically Readout Tr Source Slope AC or DC LF Noise Reject Noise rejection reduction means a reduced trigger amplifier bandwidth and consequently less trigger signal noise Readout Tr Source Slope AC or DC NR 21 1 2 Slope SLOPE determines whether the rising or falling portion of a signal shall trigger the level is set with the LEVEL A B control In BOTH MODE both slopes will trigger this is also true in single sweep mode This allows e g the display of eye diagrams 21 2 Menu Video n order to reach the menu VIDEO proceed as follows Press MODE to open the TRIGGER menu select VIDEO then press the FILTER pushbutton Further information can be ound under VIDEO tv signal triggering in the chapter Trigge ring and time bases and in the instrument specifica tions The ollowing settings are available 21 2 1 Frame Line Depending on the setting chosen triggering will be on frame or line sync pulses The selection will also affect other
79. ill remain set until POWER DOWN or untila RM 0 command was sent If activated previous y also the front panel LOCAL auto range key may be used After release of remote REM key dark data transfer can only be reinitiated if a SPACE CR character was sent f the scope can not recognize a SPACE CR as the first charac ter TxD will be pulled low after 0 2 ms which causes a frame error f the scope did recognize a SPACE CR und adjusted its Baud rate accordingly it will answer with RETURN CODE O CRLF The front panel controls will be deactivated The time between Remote Off and Remote ON must be greater than tmin 2 x 1 Baud rate 60 us 0 Data transmission After a successful Baud rate recognition and setting the scope will be in the remote control mode and waits for commands In this mode no manual operation is possible In order to return to manual control a command must be sent from the PC or the REMOTE OFF key depressed Subject to change without notice General information concerning MENU oO CHI MENU AC DC 50 Q 502 1MQ INVERT ON OFF VARIABLE ON OFF PROBE 1 1 10 100 CHI 500mV MEMORY JNO BK PRECISION SDoom COMPONENT General information concerning MENU Menu and HELP displays Whenever a pushbutton is depressed the corresponding menu will be displayed except for EXIT MENU REMOTE OFF ANA LOG DIGITAL AUTOSET RUN STOP and MAG x10 _ The menus offer options which
80. in the Time base menu HOR 0 push button SEARCH or B ONLY was selected and the option B variable On Off was set to Off Turning the control CCW will decrease turning it CW will increa se the time base speed The speed can be selected between 20 ms cm 50 ns cm in a 1 2 5 sequence and will be calibrated The readout will show the speed e g B 50ns The time base B allows to display portions of the time base A display on an expanded time base scale This implies that the speed of TB B must always be greater than that of TB A Therefore with the exception of 50 ns cm TB B can not be set to the same speed as TB A Further information is available in the section Time base B 2nd time base Delay Triggering Analog mode in the chapter Triggering and time bases VERT XY CH2 BO INPUTS 1MQII15pF max Ie 400 Vp 0 Q 3 Controls and Readout 28 1 3 Variable The TIME DIV SCALE VAR control may also be used to change the time base speed continuously but uncalibrated VAR will light up on top of the HOR 0 pushbutton in order to warn that the time base is uncalibrated and the knob has now that function In order to arrive at that function press HOR which calls the TIME BASE menu Depending whether time base A or B is selected either A variable On Off or B variable On Off will be shown The function pushbutton can then be used to select On Off In order to point out that t
81. ith DC or ac coupling in the latter case very low frequencies will also be attenuated LF This is also a low pass filter with a still lower cut off frequency than above which also can be combined with DC or ac coupling Selecting this filter may be more advantageous than using DC coupling in order to Suppress noise producing jitter or double images Above the pass band the necessary trigger signal will rise Together with ac coupling there will also result a low frequency cut off Video tv triggering Selecting MODE gt Video will activate the tv sync separator built in It separates the sync pulses from the picture content and enables thus stable triggering independent of the changing video content Composite video signals may be positive or negative The sync pulses will only be properly extracted if the polarity is right The definition of polarity is as follows if the video is above the sync it is positive otherwise it is negative The polarity can be selected after selecting FILTER If the polarity is wrong the display will be unstable resp not triggered at all as triggering will then initiated by the video content With internal triggering a minimum signal height of 5 mm is necessary The PAL sync signal consists of line and frame signals which differ in duration Pulse duration is 5 us in 64 us intervals Frame sync pulses consist of several pulses each 28 us repeating each half frame in 20 ms intervals Both sync pu
82. ith trigonometric functions This calculation is independent of the signal amplitudes 0 35 90 180 Subject to change without notice Please note Asthe trigonometric functions are periodic limit the calcu lation to angles lt 90 degrees This is where this function is most useful sin F Do not use too high frequencies because as explained above the two amplifiers are not identical their sped ve 2 phase difference increases with fre b uency The spec gives the frequency 28 twin he Pes bepress ean aI lt 3 degrees The display will not show which of the two frequencies does lead or lag Use a CR combination in front of the input of the frequency tested As the input has a 1 MA resistor it will be sufficient to insert a suitable capacitor in series If the ellipse increases with the C compared to the C short circuited the test signal will lead and vice versa This is only valid lt 90 degrees Hence C should be large and just create a barely visible change If in XY mode one or both signals disappear only a line ora point will appear mostly very bright In case of only a point there is danger of phosphor burn so turn the intensity down immedia tely if only a line is shown the danger of burn will increase the shorter the line is Phosphor burn is permanent Measurement of phase differences in dual channel Yt mode Please note Do not use alternate trigger because the time differences shown
83. l 1 MQ resistor This means that the maximum DC voltage or DC peak AC is that of the scope input i e 400 Vp With signals which contain DC and AC the DC content will stress the input capacitor while the AC content will be divided depending on the AC impedance of the capacitor It may be assumed that this is negligible for frequencies gt 40 Hz Considering the foregoing you may measure DC signals of up to 400 V or pure AC signals of up to 800 Vpp with a 10 1 probe Probes with higher attenuation like 100 1 allow to measure DC up to 1200 V and pure AC of up to 2400 VPP Please note the derating for higher frequencies Stressing a 10 1 probe beyond its ratings will risk destruction of the capacitor bridging the input resistor with possible ensuing damage of the scope input In case the residual ripple of a high voltage is to be measured a high voltage capacitor may be inserted in front of a 10 1 probe it will take most of the voltage as the value of the probe s internal capacitor is very low 22 to 68 nF will be sufficient If the input selector is switched to Ground the reference trace on the screen may be positioned at graticule center or else where DC and AC components of an input signal Voltage DC AC 400V peak The dashed curve shows an AC signal symmetrical to zero If there is a DC component the peak value will be DC AC peak Timing relationships The repetition frequency of a signal is equal to the n
84. layed Pressing the associated function button opens the sub submenu Constant Edit This enables to choose a Number its Dec Point decimal point and its Prefix of the Unit all with the INTENS knob The unit need not be selected it is only shown to assist the memory 7 3 Display x Attention The display of mathematic signal s automatically switches previously displayed reference signals off and vice versa The function Display is available twice in the menu and may be switched on or off in any combination This allows to display no result one result the result of two equations as signals The displays will come forward upon leaving the Mathematics menu Also the designation of the equation e g MA2 will be shown Select the equations to be displayed with the INTENS knob The mathematics signal is automatically scaled this is inde pendent of the graticule of Y and time base parameters the scale will not be shown Hence the measurement of the signal amplitudes must be performed using the CURSOR V to GND after the reference e g MA2 of the CURSOR to the mathe matics signal and its scale was established AUTO CURSOR MEASURE pushbutton gt Cursors gt reference gt e g MA2 The readout may then display e g V MA2 900 mV Divisions by zero will be ignored and an error message dis played 7 4 Units Each function Display will be associated with a fu
85. le with shorter memory DSOs Example This scope will sample with 1 GS s in single channel mode down to atime base setting of 100 us cm This equals 100 000 points per cm In MEMORY ZOOM signals of 150 MHz can still be seen Down to 100 us cm hence aliases are not to be expected due to the bandwidth limit of 150 MHz and the critical frequency being gt 500 MHz DSOs with a shorter memory like e g 10 K will only present 1000 points per cm which is equivalent to a sampling rate of 10 MHz thus signals gt 5 MHz will cause aliases far below the scope bandwidth A deep memory is one of the most important criterion of a DSO Horizontal resolution with X magnifier In principle with a 10 x magnified sweep the resolution should be reduced to 20 points per cm However the resolution re mains at 200 points per cm as the information necessary will be calculated from the memory The magnified portion may be selected with the X POS control The fastest time base will be 5 ns cm allowing a 2 cm per period display of 100 MHz Maximum signal frequency in DSO mode The highest signal repetition frequency which still can be dis played well can not be exactly given This is dependent as well on the signal shape as on its amplitude displayed While it is fairly easy to recognize a square wave it requires at least 10 samples per period to distinguish a sine wave from a triangle In other words in practice signals may still be re cognized if t
86. lses differ hence as well in duration as in their repetition intervals Triggering is possible with both Frame sync pulse triggering Remark Using frame sync triggering in dual trace chopped mode may result in interference then the dual trace alternate mode should be chosen It may also be necessary to turn the rea dout off In order to achieve frame sync pulse triggering call MODE select video signal triggering and then FILTER to select frame triggering It may be selected further whether all only even or only odd half frames shall trigger Of course the correct tv standard must be selected first of all 625 50 or 525 60 The time base setting should be adapted with 2 ms cm a com plete half frame will be displayed Frame sync pulses consist of several pulses with a half line rep rate Line sync pulse triggering n order to choose line snyc triggering call MODE and select VIDEO enter FILTER make sure that the correct video standard is selected 625 50 or 525 60 and select Line f ALL was selected each line sync pulse will trigger It is also possible to select a line number LINE No n order to display single lines a time base setting of TIME DIV 10 us cm is recommended this will show 1 lines In general the composite video signal contains a high DC component which can be removed by ac coupling provided the picture is steady Use the POSITION control to keep the display within the sc
87. may be multiple grounding The scope itself and most other equipment are connected to safety ground so ground loops may exist Also most instruments will have capacitors between line and safety ground installed which conduct current from the live wire into the safety ground Subject to change without notice First time operation and initial adjustments Prior to first time operation the connection between the instru ment and safety ground must be ensured hence the plug must be inserted first Use the red pushbutton POWER to turn the scope on Several displays will light up The scope will then assume the set up which was selected before it was turned off If no trace and no readout are visible after approximately 20 sec push the AUTOSET button As soon as the trace becomes visible select an average inten sity with INTENS then select FOCUS and adjust it then select TRACE ROTATION and adjust for a horizontal trace With respect to crt life use only as much intensity as necessary and convenient under given ambient light conditions if unused turn the intensity fully off rather than turning the scope off and on too much this is detrimental to the life of the crt heater Do not allow a stationary point to stay it might burn the crt phosphor With unknown signals start with the lowest sensitivity 20 V cm connect the input cables to the scope and then to the measu ring object which should be deenergized in the beginning Then tu
88. me base without any input signal Thus there is always a visible trace in analog mode and in DSO mode the trace will also be shown The position of the trace s without any signal is then given by the settings of the POSITION controls As long as there is a Signal scope operation will not need more than a correct amplitude and time base setting With signals lt 20 Hz their period is longer than the time the auto trigger circuit will wait for a new trigger consequently the auto trigger circuit will start the time base then irrespective of the signal so that the display will not be triggered and free run quite independent of the signal s amplitude which may be much larger than the minimum Also in auto peak trigger mode the trigger level control is active Its range will be automatically adjusted to coincide with the signal s peak to peak amplitude hence the name The trigger point will thus become almost independent of signal amplitude This means that even if the signal is decreased the trigger will follow the display will not loose trigger As an example the duty cycle of a square wave may change between 1 1 and 100 1 without loosing the trigger Depending on the signal the LEVEL A B control may have to be set to one of its extreme positions The simplicity of this mode recommends it for most uncompli cated signals It is also preferable for unknown signals This trigger mode is independent of the trigger source and usa
89. measure signals across high impedance high frequency circuits such as bandfilters etc Here only FET probes can be used Use of a probe as a rule will also protect the scope input due to the high probe series resistance 9 MQ As probes cannot be calibrated exactly enough during ma nufacturing individual calibration with the scope input used is mandatory See Probe Calibration Passive probes will as a rule decrease the scope bandwidth resp increase the rise time Whenever the DC content is gt 400 Voc coupling must be used in order to prevent overstressing the scope Input capacitor This is especially important if a 100 1 probe is used as this is specified for 1200 Voc peak AC AC coupling of low frequency signals may produce tilt If the DC content of a signal must be blocked it is possible to insert a capacitor of proper size and voltage rating In front of the probe a typical application would be a ripple measurement When measuring small voltages the selection of the ground connection is of vital importance It should be as close to voltage take off point as possible otherwise ground currents may de teriorate the measurement The ground connections of probes are especially critical they should be as short as possible and of large size lt Ifa probe is to be connected to a BNC connector use a probe tip to BNC adapter If ripple or other interference is visible especially at high sen sitivity one possible reason
90. ment and use 1 kHz adjustment 1 MHz adjustment Operating modes of the vertical amplifier XY operation Phase measurements with Lissajous figures Measurement of phase differences in dual channel Yt mode Measurement of amplitude modulation Triggering and time base utomatic peak triggering MODE menu ormal trigger mode See menu MODE ope selection Menu FILTER rigger coupling Menu FILTER deo tv triggering rame sync pulse triggering Line sync pulse triggering NE trigger Alternate trigger External triggering ndication of triggered operation TRIG D LED Hold off time adjustment Time base B 2nd time base Delaying Delayed Sweep Analog mode Alternate sweep Hes Sl Oy 2 ae ey AAS ee oe NIN NNNNN CO OOO HO OI Ste ea gt lt OOO Oo os O NNNN 0 0 sd s s O aG a l a DW AOU o1 Contents AUTOSET Component tester CombiScope DSO Operation DSO operating modes Memory resolution Memory depth Horizontal resolution with X magnifier Maximum signal frequency in DSO mode Display of aliases Vertical amplifier operating modes Data transfer RS 232 Interface Remote control Selection of Baud rate Data transmission General information concerning MENU Controls and Readout Subject to change without notice 19 19 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 26 Mmmm 651058 Digital Mode TV field and
91. n behind auto Probes without that special connector will be treated as 1 1 probes display auto 1 for those the factor must be manu ally set 33 5 Variable On Off If the variable is on VAR on the pushbutton will be illuminated and indicates that the sensitivity is now uncalibrated the readout will show gt instead of e g CH2 gt 5 mV The results of cursor measurements will be identified accordingly 400 Vp rs e Controls and Readout AUX HOR MAG o GD AUXILIARY INPUT 1MQ II 15pF max 100 Vp TRIGGER EXTERN A Z INPUT CAT G6 6 The VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR knob of CH2 has now the function of variable the sensitivity can be varied between 1 mV cm to gt 20 V cm INPUT CH1 BNC connector This is the CH1 signal input connector In Yt mode it is a Y input in XY mode it is the X signal input The connector housing is connected to the instrument housing and thus to safety ground The ring around the connector is the probe identification contact no voltage may be applied here INPUT CH2 BNC connector This is the CH2 signal input connector It is a Y input in Yt and XY mode The connector housing is connected to the instru ment housing and thus to safety ground The ring around the connector is the probe identification contact no voltage may be applied here AUX pushbutton This pushbutton belongs to the AUXILIARY INPUT D The ope ning
92. n the center conductor and the BNC connector If possible the coil should be shielded without creating a shorted winding Triggering and time base Alternate trigger This mode is selected with SOURCE gt Alt 1 2 The rea dout will display Tr alt but no more the trigger point symbol indicating level and time position Instead an arrow pointing upwards will indicate the trigger time position if this lies within the screen area This trigger mode is to be used with greatest care and should be an exception rather than the rule because the time relationships visible on the screen are completely meaningless they depend only on the shape of the signals and the trigger level In this mode the trigger source will be switched together with the channel switching so that when CH1 is displayed in the dual channel alternate mode the trigger is taken from CH1 and when CH2 is displayed the trigger is taken from CH2 This way two uncorrelated signals can be displayed together If this mode is inadvertently chosen the time relationships between the signals will also be lost when both signals are correlated Except for the special case that both happen to be square waves with extremely fast rise times Of course this trigger mode is only possible in the dual channel alternate mode and also not with external or line trigger Ac coupling is recommended for most cases External triggering This trigger mode may be selected with SOURCE gt Ex
93. nally the menu options Reference Save and Reference Display will be available A reference is a signal which was resp can be stored away for later reference to it 9 nonvolatile memory locations are provided 9 2 1 Reference Save 9 2 1 1 Source x In the submenu the source can be selected with the INTENS knob 9 2 1 2 Destination RE x There are 9 memory locations available into which reference signals from the source selected before can be stored Use the INTENS knob for selection 9 2 1 3 Save Pressing Save will store the signal from the source selected into the memory selected 9 2 2 Reference Display O Attention Switching the Reference Display On is not pos sible if channel 3 and 4 are switched on The display of reference signals automatically swit ches previously displayed mathematic signall s off and vice versa 9 2 2 1 RE x On Off associated settings When in this submenu using the INTENS knob will allow selec tion of 2 reference signals which can then be displayed alongside with 2 input signals 9 2 2 2 RE x After calling this function the memory location can be selected with the INTENS knob RE 1 to 9 9 2 2 3 On Off With the pushbutton on off control is possible When the contents of the reference memory are displayed the memory number is indicated with RE x x 1 to 9 at the right hand Subject to change without notice Controls and Readout O
94. nce Acquisi tion can start if STOP RUN key is not illuminated if necessary press RUN until STOP extinguishes The next trigger received will cause the single acquisition After this STOP will light up and the trigger mode will be automatically switched to normal DC coupled if auto was selected The trigger symbol on the screen allows to directly see resp determine the voltage level desired for triggering in the normal mode the voltage follows from the position and the VOLTS cm selected The ground reference will be indicated by a ground symbol in the screen centre After selecting SINGLE the trigger level symbol may be po sitioned using the LEVEL control If e g the symbol is 2 cm above the ground reference symbol the trigger level will be 2 cm x Volts cm x probe factor if any Example 2 cm x 1 V cm x 10 probe 20 V Memory resolution Vertical resolution The 8 bit a d converters have a resolution of 256 possible ver tical positions The screen display has a resolution of 25 points per cm This is advantageous for display documentation and post processing There may be some difference between the display on screen and documentation e g on a printer this results from various olerances in the analog circuitry involved The trace positions are defined by edian horizontal line 10000000b 80h 128d Top line 11100100b E4h 228d Bottom line 00011100b 1Ch 28d n contrast to an analog display with its theoretically in
95. nction Unit which can be selected with INTENS and will be attached to the result Acquire Available only in DSO mode This pushbutton opens the menu ACQUIRE which offers these modes 8 1 Refresh capture display In this mode repetitive signals may be captured and displayed much like in analog mode The readout will show rfr Signal acquisition may be stopped or started with the RUN STOP push button The STOP pushbutton will be illuminated in stop A trigger will start a new acquisition which will overwrite the display of the former The display will remain on screen until Subject to change without notice the next acquisition This mode is available over the full time base range 50 s cm to 5 ns cm Please note After changing the time base acquisition and display will always start first at the trigger position which is undelayed Readout Tt 0s on the screen centre With the 274 acquisition the display will start at the screen left In most cases this is meaningless but the scope may seem not to react at slow time base settings combined with long Posttrigger times In the utmost left position of the trigger point selec ted with the HORIZONTAL control the readout will indicate Tt 1 85ks for a time base setting of 50 s cm This means that 1 600 seconds must elap se until the trace will become visible at the screen left after another 250 s it will have reached the screen centre 1 600 s 250
96. ndicated in the readout Z and is calibrated Turning the knob CCW will decrease turning it CW will increase the time base speed This can be selected from 20 ms cm to 5 ns cm in a 1 2 5 sequence The maximum expansion is 50 000 times A 10ms and Z 200ns MAG pushbutton In analog mode only pressing this pushbutton will turn on the x 10 magnifier No menu will be shown If x10 is illuminated on the MAG pushbutton the magnifier is activated The adjusted time cm will be shown in the top AUX HOR MAG JO AUXILIARY INPUT TRIGGER 1MQ II EXTERN 15pF max A Z INPUT 100 Vp CAT G6 Subject to change without notice Controls and Readout aww TRIG MOD TRIG d SCALE VAR 24 FILTER 8 Q SOUR H AUX HOR MAG E van left readout Depending on the time base mode turning on the magnifier will have these effects 29 1 Time base A only The display will be expanded around the screen centre by a factor of 10 the time cm adjusted accordingly 29 2 Search A and B times bases alternated The time base A speed will not be affected The time base B speed will be increased by a factor of 10 hence the time base B display will be expanded 10 fold in X direction 29 3 B only The time base B speed will be increased by a factor of 10 and the display hence expanded 10 fold in X direction 0 HOR pushbutton This pushbutton will o
97. no triggering in XY mode 20 1 Auto trigger Automatic triggering Auto is active if the NORM display is not illuminated In Auto the analog time base resp signal capture DSO mode will be periodically started even if there is no signal or when no triggers are generated because the set tings are incorrect Signals of lt 20 Hz can not be triggered as the automatic start will have occurred before the signal arrived Automatic triggering is possible with or without peak detection The LEVEL A B control will be active in both modes In peak detection mode the range of the level control is limited to the peak to peak voltage of the signal Without peak detection any level can be set If the trigger level is set such that no trig gers are generated the automatic triggering will nevertheless start the time base The signal will thus remain visible but will be untriggered Whether peak detection is active or not depends on the mode and the settings in FILTER trigger coupling The mode active will be shown by the behaviour of the trigger point symbol when urning the LEVEL knob 20 2 Normal trigger f the NORM LED lights up normal triggering was selec ed n normal trigger mode both the peak detection and the au omatic time base start will be disabled Hence if there is no sufficient trigger signal the screen will remain dark in analog mode In DSO mode signal capturing will also stop unless the roll mode was selecte
98. normal triggering for signals lt 20 Hz Please note that signals of very low frequency may require seconds to complete one measurement b In order to measure DC or the DC content of a signal the input channel as well as the trigger must be set to DC cou pling Further notes Due tothe limited frequency response of the trigger channel the accuracy will decrease with increasing frequency The frequency responses of the vertical channel and the trigger channel differ substantially this may affect the signal display When measuring very low frequency signals the display will follow the signal Controls and Readout LEVEL A HOBIZONTA X POS D b QA When measuring pulse signals there may be an influence of the duty cycle or the slope selected on the accuracy of the result The signal must remain within the graticule area i e the input amplifiers must not be overdriven x gt Please note i Complex signals should be measured using the CURSORs 18 2 1 Auto On Off If Auto is On the result of the automatic measurement will be shown in the readout in the top right corner e g dc Tr 100uV Tr points out that it refers to the trigger signal Sometimes a will be displayed this indicates that there is no or an insufficient signal If a variable is activated und thus the sensitivity or time base uncalibrated the will be replaced by a gt symbol 18 2 2 M
99. ns that a signal comes from a negative po tential and rises towards a positive one This is independent Subject to change without notice of the vertical position A positive slope may exist also in the negative portion of a signal This is valid in automatic and normal modes Trigger coupling Menu FILTER Consult chapters MODE gt AUTO LEVEL A B FILTER and SOURCE in Controls and Readout In AUTOSET DC coupling will be used unless ac coupling was selected before The frequency responses in the diverse trigger modes may be found in the specifications With internal DC coupling with or without LF filter use normal triggering and the level control The trigger coupling selected will determine the frequency response of the trigger channel AC This is the standard mode Below and above the fall off of the frequency response more trigger signal will be necessary DC With direct coupling there is no lower frequency limit so this is used with very slowly varying signals Use normal triggering and the level control This coupling is also indicated if the signal varies in its duty cycle HF A high pass is inserted in the trigger channel thus blocking low frequency interference like flicker noise etc Noise Reject This trigger coupling mode or filter is a low pass suppressing high frequencies This is useful in order to eliminate hf inter ference of low frequency signals This filter may be used in combination w
100. ns to increase the ac curacy inspite of the 8 bit converters it is an exchange of time against accuracy Noise will be reduced by averaging The same holds as for envelope the acquisition may be stopped by pressing the RUN STOP pushbutton STOP will be illumina ted Pressing RUN STOP again will restart In order to prevent an inadvertent entering of this mode the operation of any control will automatically cause this mode to be reset As repetitive acquisitions are needed for calculation of an ave rage single sweep will not be compatible 8 4 Roll mode capture display Roll mode means that the signalls will be continuously acquired without the need for a trigger Hence all controls displays and readouts for the trigger and ZOOM will be disabled The readout will show rol The result of the last acquisition will be displayed at the right hand edge of the graticule all formerly acquired signals will be shifted one address to the left The result at the left hand screen edge will be dropped There is no waiting for a trigger and thus the hold off time is minimum As in any other mode the signal acquisition may be stopped and restarted any time with the RUN STOP pushbutton In roll mode the time base available is limited to 50 s cm to 50 ms cm Faster time bases do not make sense as the signal could not be observed any more In case the time base was set outside the limit cited it will be automatically changed to the next v
101. of the menu depends upon the actual operating mode 36 1 Analog mode 36 1 1 AUXILIARY INPUT is the external trigger input For setting external triggering press SOURCE select the Trig Source menu then External 36 1 2 If External triggering was not selected the menu Z Input will open up If Off is chosen CH4 has no function If On is chosen it will function as Z input i e intensity modulation input This input is destined for TTL signals a voltage of gt 1 Vp will turn off the trace 36 2 DSO mode 36 2 1 In DSO mode the AUX pushbutton is deactivated and the AUXILIARY INPUT can only serve as an input for external trigger signals AUXILIARY INPUT BNC connector In DSO mode this connector can be used as external trigger input In analog mode it can serve as external trigger or Z axis in tensity modulation input The connector housing is connected to the instrument housing and thus to safety ground Although the ring around the connec tor has no function no voltage may be applied here Subject to change without notice Controls and Readout A VERT XY PROBE ADJ connector A square wave signal of 0 2 Vpp is available for the adjustment of 10 1 probes The frequency can be selected by pressing the pushbutton PROBE ADJ and calling the menu Utilities Further information may be found in the section Probe adjust ment and use in the chapter Ope
102. on e g a 100 MHz sine wave will be displayed one period per 2 cm The vertical amplifier inputs may be DC or AC coupled Use DC coupling only if necessary and preferably with a probe Low frequency signals when AC coupled will show tilt AC low frequency 3 dB point is 1 6 Hz so if possible use DC coupling Using a probe with 10 1 or higher attenuation will lower the 3 dB point by the probe factor If a probe cannot be used due to the loss of sensitivity DC coupling the scope and an external arge capacitor may help which of course must have a sufficient DC rating Care must be taken however when charging and discharging a large capacitor Dc coupling is preferable with all signals of varying duty cycle otherwise the display will move up and down depending on the duty cycle Of course pure DC can only be measured with DC coupling The readout will show which coupling was chosen stands for DC stands for AC Subject to change without notice Amplitude of signals In contrast to the general use of rms values in electrical engi neering oscilloscopes are calibrated in Vpp as that is what is displayed Derive rms from Vpp divide by 2 84 Derive Vpp from rms mul tiply by 2 84 Values of a sine wave signal poe Vp Vrms Vmom Vpp Vrms rms value Vpp pp value Vmom momentary value depends on time vs period The minimum signal for a one cm display is 1 mVpp 5 provi ded 1 mV cm was
103. ower resp left if appropriate with a negative sign degree measurement of degrees The distance between the long CURSOR lines is equal to 360 degrees and must be exactly as long as a signal period The measurement result will be determined from the distance between the reference line to the short auxiliary cursor line If appropriate with a negative sign For further information please consult Measurements of phase differences in dual channel mode Yt in the section First time operation and presettings T One period of a sine wave is equal to 2 z hence the distance between the two long CURSOR lines must be set to one pe riod If the distance between the reference line and the short CURSOR line equals 1 5 periods 3 will be displayed If the short cursor line is left of the reference line a negative sign will be shown 18 1 4 Respect It may be necessary to determine for which signal resp channel the CURSOR measurement shall be valid This is signalled by showing the INTENS knob signal next to the channel number After selection of the signal source the CURSOR lines must then be positioned to the signal or portions of it displayed by this channel 18 2 Auto Analog mode Depending on the operating mode this submenu offers various automatic measurements of the trigger signal The following conditions must be met a For frequency or period measurements sufficient trigger signals must be available Use
104. peed Only in ime base A only mode this option will be available in the menu For a full description see 28 1 3 Variable 30 1 8 B variable On Off f On was selected the TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob will unction as the time base B variable control For a full descrip ion see 28 1 3 Variable CH1 VERT XY INPUTS IMQII15pF max PROBE ADJ CAT 83 30 1 9 Holdoff In this mode the hold off time may be selected from 0 to 100 with the INTENS knob Values gt 0 extend the waiting time after a sweep before a new one can Start and decrease thus the repetition rate which may darken the display This is indicated by the HOLD OFF LED lighting up The hold off time is only valid for time base A Further information can be found in the section Hold off adju stment in the chapter Triggering and time bases 30 2 DSO mode In the Zoom menu the following time base functions are available 30 2 1 Off In Zoom Off condition only time base A is active The readout will thus only show A in the top left corner The speed can be set with the TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob 30 2 2 Search Part of the time base A display will be intensified and this portion will also be displayed expanded over the full screen With the HORIZONTAL knob the intensified sector and the expanded display can be shifted provided that the pushbutton X POS DELAY is illuminated which means Delay The len
105. pen the Time base menu the contents of which depends on the operating mode selected 30 1 Analog mode The following modes are available 30 1 1 A only Only the time base A will be operative The readout will thus only show A in the top left corner The TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob will set the time base A speed With the MAG x10 pushbutton the display may be expanded around the screen centre increasing the speed by 10 If the mode is changed from time base A to Search or B only all settings of time base A remain intact including triggering 30 1 2 Search This mode implies alternate time base operation The readout will show the speeds of both time bases A and B The TIME DIV SCALE VAR knob will set the time base B speed In alternate time base mode part of the time base A display wil be intensified The horizontal position of the intensified portio may be shifted using the HORIZONTAL knob provided i function was set to Delay this is the case if the X POS DELA pushbutton is illuminated The length of the intensified secto is determined by the speed of time base B and is equal to th run time of B Hence this intensified portion of Awill be sprea over the full screen as displayed by B and thus expanded Th Y position of the signal is the same when displayed with either A or B This means however that both displays will be written over each other lt W 5 5 oao Subject to change
106. r which should be used like an analog scope a high impedance 1 MQ wide range e g 1 mV cm to 20 V cm attenuator must be included and also an input amplifier This is why a DSO can not reach the bandwidths of sampling scopes Equivalent time sampling suffers fully from the problems of aliasing As it requires the not necessarily periodic repetition of the signal in invariant shape for e g millions of periods it is unsuitable for the capture of single events Equivalent time sampling can not display the rising portion of a signal without a delay line Subject to change without notice CombiScope 3 Random sampling Random sampling is also very old 1952 and also no invention of DSOs It is similar to equivalent time sampling in that it requires a multitude of signal repetitions with invariant shape in order to reconstruct it once on the screen Therefore also in this mode a very high effective sampling rate is achieved However the samples are not taken step for step along the si gnal but randomly distributed over the signal period An analog computer is used to estimate the arrival of the next trigger and the time base is already started when it arrives This has two enormous advantages 1st The rising portion of the signal can be shown without the need for a delay line which would severely limit the achie vable bandwidth 2nd Due to the randomness of the samples alias signals will be broken up The foregoing
107. ration and pre settings PROBE ADJ pushbutton This pushbutton produces the menu Utilities two options are available 39 1 COMP Tester On Off If On is chosen analog mode is selected automatically A trace and a readout display Component Tester will appear In this mode the 4 mm connectors labelled COMPONENT TESTER become the measuring input See also the chapter Component Tester Choosing Off will return the instrument to all former set tings 39 2 Calibrator 1kHz 1MHz Depending on the setting the square wave signal frequency at the PROBE ADJ socket is 1 kHz or 1 MHz COMPONENT TESTER sockets Both 4 mm diameter sockets serve as a two pole input for component test Further information can be found under section Component Tester INPUTS 1MQII15pF max 400 Vp 0 co O 62 AUX A CAT 6 Po HOR MAG JO AUXILIARY INPUT TRIGGER EXTERN Z INPUT MEMORY Ate BK PRECISION SD oom Subject to change without notice COMPONENT TESTER 1MQ Il 15pF max 100 Vp BK EMC ge Ye PRE ries fie Limited Two Year Warranty B amp K Precision Corp warrants to the original purchaser that its products and the component parts thereof will be free from defects in workmanship and materials for a period of two years from date of purchase B amp K Precision Corp will without charge repair or replace at its option de
108. red equipment the ac line voltage Is usually present on some power input circuits such as the on off switch fuses power transformer etc any time the equipment is connected to an ac outlet 2 Subject to change without notice B K Precision products are not authorized for use in any application involving direct contact between our product and the human body or for use as a critical component in a life support device or system Here direct contact refers to any connection from or to our equipment via any cabling or switching means A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause failure of that device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness Never work alone Someone should be nearby to render aid if necessary Training in CPR cardio pulmonary resuscitation first aid is highly recommended 150 MHz Analog Digital Oscilloscope Specifications Important hints List of symbols used Positioning the instrument Safety Proper operation CAT Environment of use Environmental conditions Maintenance Line voltage Description of the controls Basic signal measurement Signals which can be measured Amplitude of signals Values of a sine wave signal DC and AC components of an input signal Timing relationships Connection of signals First time operation and initial adjustments Trace rotation TR Probe adjust
109. reen If the video content changes like with a regular tv program only DC coupling is useful otherwise the vertical position would continuously move The sync separator is also operative with external triggering Consult the specifications for the permissible range of trigger voltage The correct slope must be chosen as the external trigger may have a different polarity from the composite video In case of doubt display the external trigger signal LINE trigger Consult SOURCE in Controls and Readout for specific information If the readout shows Tr Line the trigger signal will be internally taken from the line 50 or 60 Hz This trigger signal is independent of the scope input signals and is recommended for all signals synchronous with the line Within imits this will also be true for multiples or fractions of the line requency As the trigger signal is taken off internally there is no minimum signal height on the screen for a stable display Hence even very small voltages like ripple or line frequency interference can be measured Please note that with line triggering the polarity switching will select either the positive or negative half period of the line not the slope The trigger level control will move the trigger point over most of a half wave Line frequency interference may be checked using a search coil which preferably should have a high number of turns and a shielded cable Insert a 100 9 resistor betwee
110. rn the measuring object on If the trace disappears push AUTOSET Trace rotation TR The crt has an internal graticule In order to adjust the deflected beam with respect to this graticule the Trace Rotation control is provided Select the function Trace Rotation and adjust fora trace which is exactly parallel to the graticule Probe adjustment and use In order to ensure proper matching of the probe used to the scope input impedance the scope contains a calibrator with short rise time and an amplitude of 0 2 Vpp 1 equivalent to 4 cm at 5 mV cm when using 10 1 probes The inner diameter of the calibrator connector is 4 9 mm and standardized for series F probes Using this special connec tor is the only way to connect a probe to a fast signal source minimizing signal and ground lead lengths and to ensure true displays of pulse signals 1 kHz adjustment This basic adjustment will ensure that the capacitive at tenuation equals the resistive attenuation thus rendering the attenuation of the probe independent of frequency 1 1 probes can not be adjusted and need no such adjustment anyway incorrect incorrect correct Operating modes of the vertical amplifier Prior to adjustment make sure that the trace rotation adjust ment was performed Connect the 10 1 probe to the input Use DC coupling Set the VOLTS DIV to 5 mV cm and TIME DIV to 0 2 ms cm both calibrated Insert the probe tip into the calibrator connector PRO
111. s a high permissible CM range Therefore please observe the following rule Always look at the two signals in the one channel only or the dual modes and make sure that Subject to change without notice Operating modes of the vertical amplifier they are within the permissible input signal range this is the case if they can be displayed in these modes Only then switch to ADD If this precaution is disregarded grossly false displays may result as the input range of one or both amplifiers may be exceeded Another precondition for obtaining true displays is the use of two identical probes at both inputs But note that normal probe tolerances percent will cause the CM rejection to be expected to be rather moderate In order to obtain the best possible re sults proceed as follows First adjust both probes as carefully as possible then select the same sensitivity at both inputs and then connect both probes to the output of a pulse generator with sufficient amplitude to yield a good display Readjust one of the probe adjustment capacitors for a minimum of over or undershoot As there is no adjustment provided with which the resistors can be matched a residual pulse signal will be unavoidable When making difference measurements it is good practice to first connect the ground cables of the probes to the object prior to connecting the probe tips There may be high potentials between the object and the scope If a probe tip is connected first t
112. s cm 50ns cm 1 2 5 sequence 43 to 5 ns cm 5 cont 1 2 5 var 1 10 LED Indication 0 3MHz 3 dB lt 220 kHz Time base range sequence Refresh Mode 20 ms cm 5ns cm 1 2 5 sequence with Peak Detect Roll Mode Accuracy time base Time base Display MEMORY ZOOM Bandwidth X Amplifier X Y phase shift lt 3 Digital Storage Acquisition real time 20 ms cm 50 ns cm 1 2 5 sequence 50 s cm 50ms cm 1 2 5 sequence 50 ppm 1 max 40 000 1 0 150 MHz 3 dB lt 100 MHz 2x 500 MSa s 1 GSa s interleaved Acquisition random sampling 10 GSa s Bandwidth Memory Operating modes Resolution vertical Resolution horizontal Yt XY Interpolation Delay Display refresh rate Display Reference Memories Display 2 x 0 100 MHz random M Samples per channel Refresh Average Envelope Roll Free Run Triggered Peak Detect 8 Bit 25 Pts cm 11 Bit 200 Pts cm 8 Bit 25 Pts cm Sinx x Dot Join linear 1 Million 1 Sampling Rate to 4 Million 1 Sampling Rate max 170 s at 1 MPts Yt XY acquired points only Interpolation Dot Join 9 with 2kPts each for recorded signals 2 signals of 9 free selectable Operation Measuring Interfaces Operation Menu multilingual Autoset help functions multilingual Save Recall instrument parameter settings 9 Signal display analog digital Frequency counter 6 digit resolution
113. s selected VERT XY pushbutton gt DUAL chop it will be automatically changed to alternate mode when alternate triggering is selected After Alt 1 2 is turned off dual trace chopped mode may be selected again Readout Tr alt Slope Filter 22 1 4 External In this mode the trigger signal comes from AUXILIARY INPUT Readout Tr alt Slope Filter 22 1 5 AC Line The trigger signal is taken from the line which feeds the scope See also the section Line triggering in the chapter Triggering and time bases Readout Tr alt Line Slope TRIG d display not in XY mode This LED will light up if the time base receives a trigger signal It depends upon the trigger signal whether the LED will just blink or remain illuminated NORM display This display will light up provided Auto triggering was not selected The mode can be selected in the Trigger menu called by pressing MODE The light points out that the screen will remain dark as long as there is no sufficient trigger signal HOLD OFF display Analog mode only This display will light up if the hold off time was set to gt 0 in order to indicate that the longer than minimum hold off time may cause a lower rep rate of the time base and thus a darker display Setting the hold off time requires pressing the HOR pushbutton G which calls the menu Time base Only the time base A hold off time may be changed See the
114. section Hold off time setting in the chapter Triggering and time bases Subject to change without notice X POS DELAY pushbutton This pushbutton allows to change the function of the HORIZONTAL knob 9 26 1 Analog mode The pushbutton signals the actually selected function in accor dance with the front panel lettering dark X position control green Delay time control 26 1 1 X POS If the pushbutton is dark the HORIZONTAL knob functions as X position control i e it moves the signal display horizon tally The position control is especially useful when the magnifier MAG x 10 9 is switched on The magnifier will magnify the display 10 times around the screen centre with the control the portion of the signal to be studied can be shifted on screen 26 1 2 DELAY n order to change the function of the HORIZONTAL knob to DELAY proceed as follows Press the HOR 0 pushbutton which will present the TIME BASE menu select SEARCH or B ONLY then the function of the knob will be changed if the pushbutton is depressed It will light up o show that the knob is now the delay time control n SEARCH mode both traces time base A and B alternate Unlike the former time base A ONLY mode a sector with high er intensity is visible on the A trace This sector can be moved continuously by the delay time control The time between the A trace start and the beginning of the intensified sector is the delay time This inform
115. selected only CH2 will be active it is Yt mode and only its parameters will be shown in the readout Although CH1 will not appear in the readout it may be used e g as a trigger input Its controls are active but are not shown 32 3 1 DUAL trace alt chop In dual trace mode both channels are turned on and the parame ters of both are shown in the readout Between the sensitivity indi cations there is an indication whether alternate alt or chopped chp mode is active Normally the mode will be automatically set by the time base speed selection but it may be directly set using the function pushbutton For time base speeds of 500 ms cm to 500 us cm chopped will be used from 200 us cm to 50 ns cm alternate This refers to unmagnified time bases Alternate is the preferred mode at any time one channel is dis played for a full sweep after each sweep the other channel has its turn At slow sweep speeds this will cause annoying flicker still slower ones the channel switching becomes visible Here the chopped mode steps in both channels are switched at some igh frequency so they are both visible at any sweep speed his is however not appropriate for fast sweep speeds as the witching may become visible and may interfere with the proper gnal display Ss on 32 3 2 DUAL DSO mode In DSO mode there is an a d converter for each channel so both are measured simultaneously Hence no channel switching is necessary
116. slow blow T 0 8A Subject to change without notice Front Panel Elements Brief Description Front Panel Elements Brief Description The figures shows you the page of the complete discription in the chapter CONTROLS AND READOUT vy POWER pushbutton switch 26 Turns scope on and off INTENS knob 26 Intensity for trace and readout brightness focus and trace rotation control FOCUS TRACE MENU pushbutton switch 26 Calls the Intensity Knob menu to be displayed and enables the change of different settings by aid of the INTENS knob See item 2 REM pushbutton switch 26 Switches the displayed menu the remote mode REM lit off ANALOG DIGITAL pushbutton switch 27 Switches between analog green and digital mode blue STOP RUN pushbutton switch 27 RUN Signal data acquisition enabled STOP Signal data acquisition disabled The result of the last acquisition is displayed MATH pushbutton switch 27 Calls mathematical function menu if digital mode is pre sent ACQUIRE pushbutton switch 28 Calls the signal capture and display mode menu in digital mode SAVE RECALL pushbutton switch 29 Offers access to the reference signal digital mode only and the instrument settings memory SETTINGS pushbutton switch 30 Opens menu for language and miscellaneous function in digital mode also signal display mode AUTOSET pushbutton switch 30 Enables appropriate signal related a
117. ssing EXIT MENU by pressing another pushbutton by pressing the same pushbutton again with which the menu was Called 10 3 Interface This menu shows the interface parameters which can be selected as usual 10 4 Display This submenu offers several modes of display 10 4 1 Dots In this mode the samples are shown as what they are i e dots points This representation is valuable for judging whether enough samples were gathered in order to reconstruct a signal sufficiently Subject to change without notice 10 4 2 Vectors In this mode the sampling points are interconnected by drawing straight lines If there are only few samples sin x x interpolation is used to create intermediate points which are then joined by straight lines 10 4 3 Optimum display In this mode minimum and maximum signal values acquired are taken into consideration and displayed in Vectors mode This makes sense as up to 1 MByte samples may be acquired but only up to 2 KBytes per channel can be displayed hence possibly min or max values may not be shown Otherwise the display is as described above AUTOSET Choosing AUTOSET will cause an automatic instrument set ting dependent upon the signal proper which selects positions signal amplitude and time base for a reasonable display The choice of analog or DSO mode will not be affected In com ponent test mode available only in analog mode XY mode or ADD automatically dual channel mode
118. stallations mains outlets motors which are permanently installed easurement cat II Measurements in circuits directly connected to the mains household appliances power tools etc Environment of use The oscilloscope is destined for operation in industrial business manufacturing and living sites Important hints Environmental conditions Operating ambient temperature 0 to 40 degrees C During transport or storage the temperature may be 25 to 55 de grees C Please note that after exposure to such temperatures or in case of condensation proper time must be allowed until the instru ment has reached the permissible range of 0 to 40 degrees resp until the condensation has evaporated before it may be turned on Ordinarily this will be the case after 2 hours The oscilloscope is destined for use in clean and dry environments Do not operate in dusty or chemically aggressive atmosphere or if there is danger of explosion The operating position may be any however sufficient ventila tion must be ensured convection cooling Prolonged operation requires the horizontal or inclined position lt Do not obstruct the ventilation holes Specifications are valid after a 20 minute warm up period between 15 and 30 degr C Specifications without tolerances are average values Maintenance lt is necessary to check various important properties of the oscilloscope regularly Only this will ensure that all measu rem
119. tern The readout will display Tr ext The AUXILIARY INPUT will be the input for the external trigger all internal sources will be disconnected In this mode the trigger point symbol level and time position will not be displayed only the trigger time position will be indicated External triggering requires a signal of 0 3 to 3 Vpp synchronous to the vertical input signalls Triggering will also be possible within limits with multiples or fractions of the vertical input signal frequency As the trigger signal may have any polarity it may happen that the vertical input signal will start with a negative slope in spite of having selected positive slope slope selection refers now to the ex ternal trigger Indication of triggered operation TRIG D LED Refer item in Controls and Readout The LED labelled TRIG D indicates triggered operation provided Sufficient amplitude of the internal or external trigger signal The trigger point symbol is not above or below the signal If these conditions are met the trigger comparator will output triggers to start the time base and to turn on the trigger indi cation The trigger indicator is helpful for setting the trigger up especially with low frequency signals use normal trigger resp very short pulses The trigger indication will store and display triggers for 100 ms With signals of very low rep rate the indicator will flash accor dingly If more than one signal period is
120. time seen tosc is the scope s own rise time 2 3 ns with the HM1508 tt is the rise time of the probe e g 2 ns If the signal s rise time is gt 22 ns the rise times of scope and probe may be neglected ta 82 2 32 22 7 4ns For the measurement of rise times it is not necessary to proceed as outlined above Rise times may be measured anywhere on the screen It is mandatory that the rising portion of the signal be measured in full and that the 10 to 90 are observed In case of signals with over or undershoot the 0 and 100 levels are those of the horizontal portions of the signal i e the over resp undershoots must be disregarded for rise and fall time measurements Also glitches will be disregarded If signals are very distorted however rise and fall time measurements may be of no value For most amplifiers even if their pulse behaviour is far from ideal the following relationship holds 350 B 350 B ta tr ns 350 Bandwidth MHz tg Connection of signals In most cases pressing the AUTOSET button will yield a satisf actory display see AUTOSET The following relates to special cases where manual Settings will be advisable For a description of controls refer to Controls and Readout lt Take care when connecting unknown signals to the inputs t is recommended to use probes whenever possible Without a probe start with the attenuator set to its 20 V cm position f the trace disappears t
121. ton will light up blue Note The function Cur Track cursor tracking is only available if 2 cursors are on display The cursors will then be moved simultaneously tracking wit hout changing their respective positions LEVEL A X POS Go Subject to change without notice Controls and Readout CH 1 2 POSITION 1 POSITION 2 VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR D AUTO CURSOR MEASURE 20V 1 m S 20V 1mV CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton This pushbutton calls a menu which allows to select the func tions of the controls POSITION 1 and 2 With mathematics functions this will also affect in some way the SCALE function which is changed by the VOLTS DIV controls The pushbutton will signal the function activated corres ponding to the front panel labelling dark Y position CH1 and CH2 blue Y position of cursors green Y position of Mathematics signal s Reference signal s ZOOM or time base B display of signalls VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR knob This knob is a double function CH1 control 16 1 Selection of vertical sensitivity Provided VAR on pushbutton CH1 is not illuminated the sen sitivity will be calibrated Turning the control CCW will decrease turning it CW will increase the sensitivity 1 mV cm to 20 V cm can be selected in a 1 2 5 sequence The readout will display the calibrated sensitivity e g CH1 5mV
122. tween the BNC connector and the attenuator blocking the DC content of the signal and creating a low frequency cut off at approx 2 Hz This will affect the shape and amplitude of signals with low frequency content If the DC content of the signal changes or the duty cycle of pulses the capacitor will charge or discharge this will cause a momentary Y shift of the display 31 2 Ground On Off The pushbutton will either connect the amplifier to the signal or to ground If set to Ground the readout will show a ground symbol following the sensitivity setting at the same place where formerly the coupling was indicated In the Ground position and with automatic triggering a trace will be visible this is handy for setting the Y position of it e g to the screen centre without disconnecting the signal The readout will show a symbol for 0 V which will be close to the vertical centre line of the graticule itis the zero reference for any measurements After switching back to the signal its amplitude can now be determined with respect to the formerly set zero reference 31 3 Invert On Off unavailable in analog XY mode This pushbutton will alternate between not inverted or inverted of the CH1 signal The readout will indicate an inverted display by placing a bar above the CH1 The trigger signal derived from Ch1 will not be affected by an Inversion 31 4 Probe submenu Pressing the pushbutton will open the CH1 probe submenu 31 4 1 1
123. umber of periods per second Depending on the TIME DIV setting one or more periods or part of a period of the signal may be displayed The time base settings will be indicated on the readout in s cm to ns cm Also the cursors may be used to measure the fre quency or the period If portions of the signal are to be measured use delayed sweep analog mode or zoom DSO mode or the magnifier x 10 Use the HORIZONTAL positioning control to shift the portion to be zoomed into the screen center Pulse signals are characterized by their rise and fall times which are measured between the 10 and 90 portions The following example uses the internal graticule of the crt but also the cursors may be used for measurement Measurement Adjust the rising portion of the signal to 5 cm Position the rising portion symmetrically to the graticule centre line using both Y and X positioning controls Notice the intersections of the signal with the 10 and 90 lines and project these points to the centre line in order to read the time difference Basic signal measurement 100 j 90 5cm 10 0 ttot In the example it was 1 6 cm at 5 ns cm equals 8 ns rise time When measuring very short rise times coming close to the scope rise time it is necessary to subtract the scope s and if used the probe s rise times geometrically from the rise time as seen on the screen The true signal rise time will become ttot is the rise
124. under test is powered up and that equipment uses high voltage in any of its circuits the power supply outputs may be floated to the potential at the point of connection Remember that high voltage may appear at unexpected points in defective equipment Do not float the power supply output to more than 100 volts peak with respect to chassis or earth ground If the equipment under test is off and that equipment uses high voltage in any of its circuits under normal operation discharge high voltage capacitors before making connec tions or tests Some circuits retain high voltage long after the equipment is turned off Use only a polarized 3 wire ac outlet This assures that the power supply chassis case and ground terminal are con nected to a good earth ground and reduces danger from electrical shock Don t expose high voltage needlessly Remove housings and covers only when necessary Turn off equipment while making test connections in high voltage circuits Discharge high voltage capacitors after removing power If possible familiarize yourself with the equipment being tested and the location of its high voltage points However remember that high voltage may appear at unexpected points in defective equipment Use an insulated floor material or a large insulated floor mat to stand on and an insulated work surface on which to place equipment and make certain such surfaces are not damp or wet When testing ac powe
125. utomatic instrument settings HELP pushbutton switch 30 Switches help texts regarding controls and menus on and off POSITION 1 knob 30 Controls position of actual present functions Signal cur rent reference or mathematics Cursor and ZOOM digi tal POSITION 2 knob 31 Controls position of actual present functions Signal current reference or mathematics Cursor and ZOOM digital CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton 32 Calls the menu and indicates the current function of POSI TION 1 and 2 controls VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR knob 32 Channel 1 Y deflection coefficient Y variabel and Y scaling setting Subject to change without notice VOLTS DIV SCALE VAR knob 32 Channel 2 Y deflection coefficient Y variabel and Y scaling setting AUTO CURSOR MEASURE pushbutton switch 32 Calls menus and submenus for automatic and cursor sup ported measurement LEVEL A B knob 34 Trigger level control for time base A and B MODE pushbutton switch 34 Calls selectable trigger modes FILTER pushbutton switch 34 Calls selectable trigger filter coupling and trigger slope menu SOURCE pushbutton switch 35 Calls trigger source menu TRIG d LED 36 Lit on condition that time base is triggered NORM LED 36 Lit on condition that NORMAL or SINGLE triggering is pre sent HOLD OFF LED 36 Lit if a hold off time gt 0 is chosen in time base menu HOR pushbutton X POS
126. will be selected If dual channel or Ch1 or CH2 were previously chosen this will remain The DSO modes Roll Envelope or Average will be changed to refresh mode AUTOSET will further set the intensity to an average value if it was Set too low If a menu was opened it will be turned off by AUTOSET During the display of HELP texts AUTOSET is not available HELP Pressing the HELP pushbutton will turn the signal display off and display the help text If a menu was opened the help text will refer to this menu resp to the special menu or submenu option selected If a knob is moved another help text referring to this knob will appear Press HELP again to deactivate the text POSITION 1 knob This knob can assume various functions which depend upon the operating mode the functions selected with the CH1 2 CUR SOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton and the menu option selected 13 1 Y position 13 1 1 Y position CH1 Analog and DSO modes POSITION 1 will set the Y position of CH1 provided there is YT mode and the pushbutton CH1 2 CURSOR MA REF ZOOM pushbutton is not illuminated 13 1 2 REF reference signal position DSO mode only The POSITION 1 control functions as the position control for the signals stored in the reference memory if these conditions are fulfilled 1st A reference signal must be on display SAVE RECALL gt Reference Display gt upper display area REx x number of memory location select with INTENS
127. y low it may look like a plain short although the part is good With enhancement type MOSFETs an open will be seen in all directions as the threshold voltage G S is not available With power MOSFETs the antiparallel diode S D can be seen Tests of components within circuits are possible in many cases but less indicative because other components may be in parallel But also here the comparison with a good circuit might help As both circuits must be deenergized it is only necessary to switch the test leads back and forth between both in order to localize a defective spot Sometimes like with stereo amplifiers push pull circuits bridge circuits there is a comparison circuit right on the same board In cases of doubt one component lead can be unsoldered the other one should then be connected to the ground lead This is labelled with a ground symbol The pictures show some practical examples Subject to change without notice Single components i Short circuit Resistor 5102 Main transformer primar Capacitor 33uF Single Transistors i is Junction B C Junction B E Junction E C mn m a Single Diodes Z Diode below 7V Z Diode beyond 7V Silicon diode Germaniumdiode E Rectifier Thyristor G A together In circuit Semiconductors Diode paralleled by 6802 2 Diodes antiparallel aa BS Diode in series with 512 B E parallel by 6802 B E with 1uF 680Q2 Si Diode with

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