WEATHER STATIONS
Contents
1. Choosing the best system for your needs is easy just select one of the options below Standard System type WS STD1 The Standard System Shown on this page is the lowest cost option Nevertheless it is dependable rugged and suitable for research applications in demanding environments In fact the logger mast and some of the sensors are the same as those found in the High Performance System The Standard System can be used as a Starting point for other configurations by varying the sensors types the power supply the data collection method the mast height and many other accessory options The system includes the following DL2e Logger 64k readings in memory M2 Mast and assembly kit AN4 Standard Anemometer WD4 Standard Windvane RG2 High Performance System type WS HP1 The High Performance System shown on front page is for applications where the greatest accuracy and durability is required It differs from the Standard System by having superior sensors for rainfall soil temperature and wind speed and direction and an enlarged memory in the DL2e Logger As with all Delta T Weather Stations the High Performance System can be used as the starting point for creating other configurations whether simpler or more complex The system includes the following DL2e Logger 128k readings in memory M2 Mast and assembly kit AN1 durable Anemometer WD1 durable Windvane RG1 aerodynamic pattern Raingauge RGB1 Levelling Ba2. Evapotranspiration Software type ET2 is available to calculate crop water requirements and potential ET from meteorological data FAO Penman Monteith and other Penman methods are supported Further information is available on request or at our website Enclosures cable routing and power handling Complex systems can involve large numbers of cables and even larger numbers of terminal connections There may also be modems solar panels external batteries and relays to wire in To assist customers we can supply Weatherproof Enclosures type M2 ENCL with optional wiring kits The M2 ENCLK1 is a 12V kit for the M2 Enclosure it includes a fully assembled back plate mounted wiring system with DIN rail trunking sensor power distribution and fused input power terminals The M2 ENCL2 is similar but includes a mains distribution panel for mains powered systems Masts Delta T masts come complete with everything needed to assemble and install them onsite The standard model the M2 is 2m high but 3m 4m 6m and 10m can also be supplied We can quote for customised masts with for example additional cross arms or non standard fixings The 10m mast is a pump up model for convenient installation The sections are simply pumped up locked and then guyed DL2e Logger GSM modem and antenna 12V wiring kit and relay solar power regulator and LBK1 rechargeable battery pack installed in Weatherproof Enclosure t
3. C at 0 m s n a heater option for BF3 requires 1 5Aat12 V wind speed Cannot be retro fitted power 10 C at 2 m s wind speed s q o Accuracy Total 12 Diffuse 15 Sun hours 10 p Use 0 8 attenuator with logger cable to limit input range 1 channel Total radiation and 1 channel for Diffuse wrt WMO definition for DL2e to 0 2000mV max radiation r Available as analogue or digital output s Lowest snow and ice free temperatures 3 outputs BFDL 05 Sunshine Sensor for 0 2500 mmol m s I1mV 1 umol m s 0 2500mV 20 to 50 C 2 x DIF q Logger Weather Station masts enclosures and accessories Weather Station Mast 2m Comprises 2m Mast cross arm levelling unit baseplate assembly DL2e Logger canopy guy ropes stakes assembly kit and user manual M2 Mast excl Logger canopy Comprises 2m Mast cross arm levelling unit baseplate assembly guy ropes stakes assembly kit and user manual Excludes DL2e Logger canopy 2m anodised aluminium pole Aluminium mast suitable for mounting enclosure Requires fixing in concrete base Cross arm for WS masts With mounting bracket for Weather Station Masts Suitable for mounting Wind Speed and Wind Direction Sensors DL2e Logger Canopy includes 2 x U Bolts and DL2e mounting kit Supplied as standard with M2 Mast Levelling unit for ES2 QS2 and UV3 sensors Mounting assembly for solar radiation sensors For use with M2 and M2 MIN masts Includes bubble level Su
4. handy building blocks when specifying simpler or more complex environmental monitoring systems Wimbledon Centre Court One of the most valuable crops in the world is the grass surface on which international sporting events take place Whether the Sport is soccer rugby golf or lawn tennis the grass has to be in the best possible condition to withstand periods of intensive use At Sore ay such systems are later Wimbledon the Centre Court is rarely used outside the famous expanded to include additional sensors and annual Tournament but this is easy to do with the DL2e Logger during these 2 or 3 weeks it really takes a pounding Complex systems Delta T has extensive experience of supplying complex weather stations These often involve a wide range of e angl a Ge RAS inputs including soil moisture sensors and environmental variables hydrological sensors that profoundly affect grass These Environmental growth and health At Monitoring Systems Wimbledon a Delta T can involve hundreds Weather Station and soil of sensors at multiple moisture sensors help to Sites please see ensure that the grass is in pages 2 and 3 for optimal condition for the details opening day FEIET Simple systems f your application requires just a few sensors Delta T can offer a suitable minimised system with or without a mast In our The experts responsible for these surfaces need to AT Weather stations and environmental
5. requirements of any combination of sensors and loggers including the correct sizing of Solar panels for specific geographical locations If the power needs are substantial we can also advise on cabling connections and power handling see following Communications and data retrieval Delta T offers a range of communication solutions The simplest approach is to collect data on site with a notebook computer but in many cases a cable or modem link will be required Delta T can Supply the following options RS232 A weatherproof RS232 cable can be used to connect the logger to a PC Maximum length is 50m RS422 Low power line drivers are installed at each end of the RS422 cable to permit logger to PC communications at up to 2 km Modems Ls2Win Software supports GSM modem and land line communications enabling automatic data collection from remote sites Ls2Win provides easy pre configured desktop connections using any installed modem Data can be collected on demand or alternatively using Windows Scheduler and a GSM phone or land line PSTN connection data can be automatically collected from one or more loggers at regular intervals known as polling A leaflet on modem Selection is available on request or from our website Hand held computer Optional Attach software allows a Psion Workabout hand held computer to collect data and load configurations into the DL2e Attach is available free of charge from our website
6. 0 65 C at 2m s 1 4 C at 1m s or slower windspeeds STK1 General purpose K type thermocouple probe stainless steel 50 to 250 1 5 C 0 70 C sheath for temperatures up to 250 C BT1 Thermistor probe with sealed sheath and leads suitable for continuous sea water 20 to 80 0 1 C 0 70 C immersion MT2 i al be T2 p RHT2nl sensor a All Sensor Tables key to Logger ACR AC resistance ACD1 pa showing plug in Input Type ACS1 ST1 thermistor probe replacement SE Single ended voltage COUNT Digital counter input GT1 ST2 SP1 amp STK1 are similar sensor module DIF Differential voltage DIG Digital status input Ch61 p Data sheet 3WR 3 wire resistance for DL2e 62 or DLC card i available 4WR 4 wire resistance with LFW1 Cable details Cable s MT3 flexible thermistor probe MT2 is similar card length Number of wires Other cable Potentiometer requires lengths may be available to order LFW1 Description Measuring Operating Power range temp requirement range RHT2nl Combined Relative humidity with replaceable sensing element chip module and 0 100 RH 2 RH 30 to 30 to 5 32V DC DIF 2m 6w e Air Temperature sensor in an optional cylindrical louvred solar radiation shielded d 70 C 70 C 2mA housing See AT2 above for temperature spec VP1 TM1 Psychrometer Fan aspirated temperature sensor with 2 thermistor sensors Specifications available on request LN Relative humi
7. WEATHER STATIONS PRODUCT INFORMATION Automatic weather stations from Delta T can be as Simple or as complex as your application requires Even after installation it s easy to expand or adapt the system the additional hardware and software can be DELTA T DEVICES installed by the user in the field All systems are based on the dependable DL2e Data Delta T Weather Stations are in use Logger which has the power and flexibility to handle all over the world Application areas LAGE ely Cameo inet nel Seite include agriculture hydrology Off the peg systems are available for the most popular sensor combinations ecology and meteorology Whatever the ee application Delta T Ba iD 1 3 can help you select TE the best combination _ L of sensors data mE B accessories The Standard System type WS STD1 comprises 7 sensors rain wind speed and direction solar energy RH air and soil temperature with 2m mast Canopy and accessories Field proven in severe weather conditions worldwide e Unattended weather recording at remote and exposed sites e Wide choice of sensors and accessories e GSM modem communications The High Performance System type WS HP1 illustrated also comprises 7 sensors measuring the same variables but some sensors are higher specification models see page 2 for details These offthe peg weather stations can also be used as
8. d version Sensor For sensor perfor mance details please see specifications pages sensors such as the ThetaProbe the soil moisture range is fully described in our catalogue Soil and Plant Water Measurement which also includes sap flow sensors Delta T soil moisture and sap flow sensors are fully compatible with the DL2e Data Logger and are often included in environmental monitoring systems For every application the following factors have to be assessed and then optimised to produce the best solution bearing in mind the budget available e Mast height and positioning Environmental conditions e Logger memory requirement Input protection e RS232 cable extensions e Line drivers RS422 e Recharging systems including solar monitoring systems The DL2e Data Logger At the heart of any Delta T Weather Station or Environmental Monitoring System is the DL2e field data logger The DL2e is easy to use dependable and ideally suited to remote site applications The basic DL2e comes with 15 differential analogue channels 2 digital inputs and 2 relay outputs The standard memory holds 64k readings upgradeable to gt 128k The DL2e can power and log a wide range of sensor types and can be expanded to accept up to 60 differential analogue or counter channels F A separate 4 page leaflet 3 on the DL2e Is available on i request or from our website Powerful Windows sof
9. direct beam The BF3 does not need to be adjusted or sediments with thermistor probes repositioned to track the sun Delta T Devices Ltd 128 Low Road Burwell Cambridge CB5 OEJj England Tel 44 0 1638 742922 Fax 44 0 1638 743155 Email sales delta t co uk Web www delta t co uk DOC REF W STN 06 2002
10. dity d 2 RH at 23 C 5 to 95 RH 2 5 RH lt 5 and gt 95 Includes hysteresis and non linearity e A lower cost RHT2v version is available with a linear 0 1V output Air temperature error 0 5 C based on a PRT temperature element Atmospheric pressure Description Measuring Total error Output Sensitivity Power f range including range requirement logger 20 C Barometric pressure sensor For use at low altitude 600 1060 0 5hPa 0 6hPa 0 2 5V DC 5 435mV 10 30V DC 0 1500m in weatherproof housing IP65 hPa mbar resolution 600 1060 per hPa 4mA max As above for indoor use non condensing conditions 0 1hPa hPa g offset g h f BS4 sensors employ a capacitive diaphragm transducer and operate over 40 to 60 C g DL2e requires precision attenuator divider to reduce output to 2 0V DC h Suitable battery pack and solar power supplies are available please consult Delta T Sensitivity then becomes 4 35mV per hPa OV output 600hPa Wind speed and direction Type Description Measuring Resolution Output range Sensitivity Operating Power Cable range and error i requirement details AN1 Anemometer mercury wetted reed switch type 0 2 75m s 1 0 1m s 0 2 to 60Hz 0 8Hz perm s 30 to none COUNT 3m 2w 3 cup rotor 170 mph 55 C AN3 Anemometer high resolution 3 cup rotor 0 15 75m s 1 0 01m s 3 to 1500Hz 20Hz perm s 30 to 7 28V DC COUNT 3m 6w Digital photodiode puls
11. e and Analogue outputs 1 0 2 5V DC 33mV per m s 70 C 2 0 mA max DIF N4 Anemometer reedswitch activated by non 0 5 40m s 5 0 5 to 50Hz 1 25Hz per m s 25 to 60 C none COUNT 5m 2m contact magnet 3 cup rotor max 60m s free of ice WD1 Wind vane Sturdy and highly responsive based 0 to 358 0 3 degrees 0 to 10002 2 8Q per 50 to none 3WR_ 3m 6w on 358 microtorque potentiometer Wind speed degrees 2 in winds nominal degree 70 C POT threshold 0 6m s 45 to flow gt 5m s WD4 Wind vane Non contact GMR giant magneto 0 to 359 lt 2 0 to 1800 mV 5mV per 20 to 6 to 28V DC DIF 4m 4w resistive transducer degrees i degree 70 C 3 mA max i No dead band at North A Sensors Precipitation Type Description Max rate of rainfall Operating Sensitivity Logger Cable input details RG1 Tipping bucket raingauge Usually used with Levelling Baseplate type RGB1 500mm in 0 to 0 2mm 254mm COUNT 6m 2w Heated version of RG1 available for use in snow please ask Delta T 1 hour 60 C per tip RG2 Tipping bucket raingauge with optional accessories for ground or mast fixing 360mm in 0 to 50 C 0 2mm 160mm COUNT 6m 2w Compact design 1 hour per tip Stainless Steel Evaporation Pan type EV2 P Surface Wetness Sensor type SWS Water depth Sensor type Applications Measuring Operating range temp j range 0 350hPa mbar or 0 3 57m H0 requirement length dia Log
12. ger Cable input details type DIF 5m 6w contact vented Delta T k Assuming zero and span offsets are nulled 100mvV at 10V excitation 10V DC regulated 5mA nominal Silicon diaphragm transducer Pressure transducer water depth probe for 96 17 5 depth measurements in sea lakes wells tanks bore holes etc j For other depths please enquire Surface wetness co Re IT fa Sensitivity Active Cable distilled area length dia requirement details water mm SWS Surface wetness sensor for detecting dew or rain Supplied OV dry 25 to 1mm dia 30x15 150 20 8 18V DC DIF 2m 4w with 300mm galvanised steel pin for ground fixing gt 1 0V wet 55 C droplet 5mA Evaporation EV2 G_ High precision pressure transducer design with no moving parts No stilling well requirement Power Requirement 40 200mV 0 64mV 7 5 to 28Vdc 0 to 50 C DIF 5m 4w permm upto 22 mA vented Evaporation pan Class A welded stainless steel with drain plug 1206mm diameter 245mm deep Error amp Resolution Measuring range Output range Sensitivity Operating Logger 0 250mm water depth 1mm typ 0 5 res 0 2mm EV2 P Solar radiation A comprehensive range of sensors for Solar and UV radiation measurement suitable for energy studies and most meteorological environmental and agronomic applications Sensor types ES2 QS2 GS1 GS2 and all UV sensors are cosine corrected S
13. olar radiation sensors from top Dome Net Radiometer NR2 and Tube Solarimeter TSL Description Measuring range Spectral response Operating temp range Sensitivity Logger input type 0 to 2kW m2 3 under 400 1050nm standard lamp 5 High quality Si photodiode for solar energy measurements in natural unobstructed daylight 30mm dia x 48mm 10mV per kW m 0 to 3 mmol m2 s 4 0 1 33 kW m2 0 2kW m2 High stability Si photodiode for solar radiation measurements for crop 400 700nm and plant growth Gives PAR output Size as ES2 10mV per 5m 2w mmol m2 s 1 Tube solarimeter based on Monteith pattern thermopile for measuring 10 I 400 2200nm solar energy interception e g in crops Length 970mm 15mV per 5m 2w kW m2 10 35mV Dome solarimeter pyranometer based on thermopile for WMO m 305 2800nm 5m 2w class 2 solar energy reference measurements Dome 36mm dia per kW m2 Albedometer using 2 GS1s mounted back to back For measuring both incident and reflected radiation 0 2 kW m 305 2800nm 10 35mV per kW m m 5m 2w 2 cables Dome net radiometer based on thermopile for reference measurements of net radiation I over solar spectrum for sun angle gt 30 0 5 to 1kW m2 5 at 20 C n 0 25 60um 100mV per kW m2 7m 2w m non inearity 2 5 lt 1kW m2 Temperature dependence of sensitivity 6 devia
14. pplied as standard with the M2 mast Grounding and Rod Strap Suitable for Delta T masts M2 Enclosure Kit 12V system Fully assembled back plate mounted wiring system Fits into M2 ENCL enclosure Comprises DIN rail trunking sensor power distribution and protected input power terminals Suitable for DL2e Logger M2 Enclosure Kit Mains power system Fully assembled back plate mounted wiring system Fits into M2 ENCL enclosure Comprises DIN ail trunking sensor power distribution protected input power terminals and mains distribution panel Suitable for DL2e Logger To gain a better understanding of climate change researchers at the UK Institute of Terrestrial Ecology used a mobile laboratory to analyse emissions of carbon dioxide methane and nitrous oxide collected at a number of locations on the mudflats A Delta T Weather Station provided essential meteorological data that revealed for example that rainfall quickly altered the composition of gas emissions whereas wind speed and direction dictated the build up of trace gases above the mudflats ae oian happens ane Dicer Saget Sc bel bale than ne The BF3 can measure the Total and Diffuse components purpose it also recorded soil water content with a of solar radiation and calculates sunshine status ThetaProbe water table fluctuation via bore hole pressure according to the WMO threshold of 120 Wm in the transducers and temperature profiles in the soil and estuary
15. seplate for RG1 ES2 Custom Systems Many applications require a weather station or environmental monitoring system that is put together as a special package Delta T has vast experience in this area and can advise on all aspects of system specification The following pages describe the sensors we offer and a range Of power supply data logging and communication options However this is not a complete list and we welcome enquiries for other sensors and accessories In particular Delta T Specialises in soil moisture measurement and can supply CUSTOM SYSTEMS CHECKLIST Sensors and mountings e Sensor type e Sensor mountings Loggers and enclosures e Number of logger inputs Weatherproof enclosures Communications and data retrieval e Notebook computers e GSM Modem Power e Total power requirements e Number of each sensor e Cable lengths and routing e Logger input types e Physical security e Psion hand held computer e Land line PSTN modem e Battery or mains supply Compact Raingauge RG BP Baseplate for the RG2 ES2 Solar Energy Sensor ST1 Soil Temperature Probe and the RHT2nl combined RH and Air Temperature Sensor For sensor performance details please see specifications pages Solar Energy Sensor ST2 Precision Soil Temperature Probe and the RHT2nl combined RH and Air Temperature Photo shows mast mounted version of the RG2 Raingauge The Standard System is actually supplied with floor mounte
16. tion of output relative to that at 20 C over 10 to 40 C operating range n There is no agreed world standard for the calibration of net radiation Not all sensor types and options can be listed in the space available For example some sensors have optional heaters If you can t see the item you require please contact us Sensors UV radiation Type Description Measuring Peak Band Sensitivity Logger range wavelength width per W m 2 requirement input type UV3 pA A range of 3 UV sensors fitted with a photodiode 0 150W m 373 2nm 7 15V DC detector and transimpedence amplifier Accuracy 56 2 omA e for all models is 7 5 at 20 C wean e i UV3pAB 0 200W m2 360 5nm Sunshine duration and solar irradiance Type Description Output types measuring range and Temp Logger sensitivity and accuracy o require ment BF3 simultaneous outputs of Total 0 1250 W m ImV 0 5 W m 0 2500mV_ with Alkaline cable for and Diffuse radiation and luminance 0 200 klux lmV 0 100 klux 0 2000 mV cells or 20 to Sunshine Status Output units 70 C can be preset to PAR Energy Lithium cells BFDL 10 or Mum nance unite py thng Sunshine No sun open circuit or OV n n a m 1 x DIG AA USER Status r Sun short circuit or 3 3V ali batteries 5m 10m analogue 25m Sunshine 0 1 Sun Hrs hr n n a 1xDIF 50m Status r 0 24 Sun Hrs day a a Thermostatically controlled Heater option 7 to 15V DC n a 20
17. tware The DL2e is supplied with Ls2Win Software as standard This 32 bit Windows software makes it easy to set up recording intervals select measure z ment units and carry out data collection For data analysis Ls2Win uses the power of Excel to import m display and graph logger 5 datasets a EN EFE gE Power supplies For many applications the DL2e Logger s internal batteries 6 x AA cells are sufficient to power the entire system for several months but when more power Is required these alternatives are available Mains power The DL2e Logger has a weatherproof LEMO socket that can accept 7 15V DC from a mains power adaptor This is a convenient and secure method of operation In the event of a power failure the logger defaults to its internal batteries Rechargeable 12V batteries Capacity Mountings housings Mains charger type LBC1 LBATC1 1 8 Ah mounts on side of DL2e Logger 7 0 Ah can fit inside M2 Enclosure 38 Ah requires protective box eg BTBOX2 115 Ah requires protective box eg BTBOX2 Specify mains voltage required Solar Recharging systems LBC2 Matched bracket for mast mounting NB bottom edge of this panel must rest on ground Solar charging systems are supplied complete with a voltage regulator casing Cabling and waterproof connectors Mounting brackets rechargeable batteries and battery boxes are ordered separately Delta T can assist with calculating the power
18. ype M2 ENCL Sensors A wide range of sensors for meteorological environmental and industrial measurements Complete sensor packages for special applications on request Temperature Type Description Measuring Probe Probe Cable range C error length dia details a mm ST1 General purpose thermistor probe stainless steel sheath Water resistant 50 to 150 0 2 C 0 70 C 0 14 C 125 4 8 5m 2w GT1 6s response GT1 has same spec sheath suitable for burial e g Precision thermistor probe stainless steel sheath 6s response in measuring 50 to 150 0 70 C 125 4 8 0 43 C 125 4 8 l SP1 General purpose Pt100 probe stainless steel sheath for soil temperature 50 to 300 0 6 C 0 70 C 4WR temperatures up to 300 C Thermistor probe with sealed sheath and leads suitable for continuous freshwater 20 to 80 0 1 C 0 70 C 3WR immersion MTZ Vinyl dipped thermistor probe fast response suitable for leaf temperature 50 to 150 0 70 C 2 5 dia Flexible miniature thermistor probe catheter style with fast response 0 to 120 0 70 C 100 2 0 Precision thermistor air temperature sensor Louvred solar radiation shield optional c 30 to 70 0 70 C not applic a The standard range of all cables is 30 to 80 C Higher temperature cabling can be supplied on request b Additional error 15 25 C due to Logger c Radiation temperature error at 1kWm irradiance level 0 4 C at 3m s17
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