Nokia 6100 LCD Display Driver
Contents
1. al Ye Figure 4 SPI serial interface sends commands and data bytes How fast can this SPI interface be run Since the 8833 data sheet specifies that the serial clock SCLK period be no less than 150 nsec dividing the board s master clock 48054841 Hz by 8 gives a period of 166 nsec Thus we can safely run the SPI interface at 6 MHz have run the SPI interface at 16 MHz and it still worked but that is tempting fate The SAM7 EX256 board uses an ARM7 microprocessor so commands or data are submitted to the SPI peripheral as unsigned integers 32 bits wherein only the lower 9 bits are used For example to send a command we clear bit 8 to specify this is a command transmission The lowest 8 bits contain the desired PCF8833 command unsigned int command PCF8833 command byte while 5 SR amp AT91C SPI 0 wait for the previous transfer to complete command command amp 0x0100 clear bit 8 indicates a command byte pSPI gt SPI_TDR command send the command Likewise to send a data byte we set bit 8 to specify that this is a data transmission The lowest 8 bits contain the desired PCF8833 data byte unsigned int data PCF8833 data byte while pSPI SPI SR amp AT91C SPI 0 for the previous transfer to complete data data 0x0100 set bit 8 indicates a2. LED4 read previous state of LED4 pPIO gt PIO CODR LED4 turn LED4 DS1 on else pPIO gt PIO SODR LED4 turn LED4 DS1 off for j 1000000 j 0 j wait 1 second 1000000 IdleCount count of times through the idle loop When the main program runs a series of color rectangles is displayed with the name of the color annotated at the bottom of the screen as shown in Figure 13 below The colors displayed are White Black Red Green Blue Cyan Magenta Yellow Brown Orange Pink If you are curious as to how developed my color values referred to this web site http web njit edu kevin rgb txt html In this web site RGB to Color Name Mapping Triplet and Hex there is a decimal color table where each color value is in the range 0 to 255 simply used proportionality to convert these values to a range of 0 to 15 This may come in handy when you need to display the color Turquoise Hello World Hello World Hello Morld t ta Figure 13 Filled Rectangle Test Figure 14 Single Pixels Rectangles Lines and Characters In Figure 14 above the display shows various rectangles filled and unfilled lines and circles The three font sizes are demonstrated and you can see some single pixel specifications on the far right In Figure 15 below the Olimex BMP image has been displayed with a few overlays of text Olimex has a free utility on their web
3. 18 gt SPIO SPCK Serial Clock to LCD slave PDR BIT12 BIT16 BIT17 BIT18 gt _ BIT12 BIT16 BIT17 BIT18 pPIOA PIO BSR 0 enable the SPIO Peripheral clock pPMC gt PMC_PCER 1 lt lt AT91C ID SPIO SPI Control Register pSPI gt SPI_CR pSPI gt SPI_CR SPI_CR AT91C SPI SWRST AT91C SPI SPIEN 1 SPI SPIEN SPI Mode Register pSPI SPI MR AT91C SPI DLYBCS amp 0 24 SPI MR OxE0011 1 SPI PCS amp 0 lt lt 16 AT91C SPI LLB amp 0 lt lt 7 91 SPI MODFDIS amp 1 lt lt 4 1 SPI PCSDEC amp 0 lt lt 2 AT91C SPI PS amp 0 lt lt 1 91 SPI MSTR amp 1 lt lt 0 SPI Chip Select Register SPI CSR 0 0x01010311 pSPI gt SPI_ CSR 0 AT91C SPI DLYBCT amp 0x01 lt lt 24 AT91C SPI DLYBS amp 0x01 lt lt 16 AT91C SPI SCBR amp 0x10 lt lt 8 AT91C SPI BITS amp AT91C SPI BITS 9 AT91C SPI CSAAT amp 0x0 3 AT91C_SPI_NCPHA amp 0x0 lt lt 1 AT91C SPI CPOL amp 0x01 lt lt 0 Software reset SPI Enable SPI Enable 0x01 Peripheral B Select Register no bits in PIOB 0x81 Delay between chip selects take default 6 MCK periods Peripheral Chip Select selects SPI NPCSO or PA12 Local Loopback Enabl
4. SODR LED MASK PIO Set Output Data Register turns off the LED Initialize SPI interface to LCD InitSpi Init LCD InitLcd clear the screen LCDClearScreen KK KK OK K K OK K K K K OK K K OK K K K K OK OK K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK OK K K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK 2K OK OK K color test show boxes of different colors 2K OK 3K 3K 3K OK 3K OK 3K K OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK PK PK PE OK OK PK PK PK PE K K K PK OK OK OK PK PK PE OK OK PK K OK OK OK PK OK PK OK OK OK OK OK OK for j 0 j 11 j draw a filled box LCDSetRect 120 10 25 120 FILL TempColor j tabel the color LCDPutStr 5 40 LARGE BLACK BLACK LCDPutStr TempChar j 5 40 LARGE YELLOW BLACK wait a bit DeLay 2000000 KK KK OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K K K K OK OK K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K OK K OK K 2K OK K K OK 2K OK K K character and line tests draw lines strings etc 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K ok OK 2K 2K ok OK 2K 2K K OK 2K 2K 2K OK OK 2K OK OK 2K 2K K OK OK 2K 2K OK K 2K 2K OK OK 2K 2K OK OK 2K 2K Pk OK 2K K PK OK 2K 2K PK PK OK OK 2K K PK OK OK K K clear the screen LCDClearScreen set a few pixels LCDSetPixel 30 120 RED LCDSetPixel 34 120 GREEN LCDSetPixel 38 120 BLUE LCDSetPixel 40 120 WHITE draw some characters LCDPutChar E 10 10 SMALL WHITE BLA
5. 0x00 0x00 OxOE 0x06 0x06 OX1E 0x36 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x3B 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x7E 0x60 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0 1 0x36 0x32 0x30 0x7C 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x78 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3B 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x3E 0x06 0x66 0x3C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x70 0x30 0x30 0x36 0x3B 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x73 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0C OxOC 0x00 Ox1C OxOC OxOC OxOC OxOC OxOC Ox1E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x06 0x06 0x00 0x0E 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x70 0x30 0x30 0x33 0x33 0x36 0x3C 0x36 0x33 0x73 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x1C OxOC OxOC 0x0C OxOC OxOC OxOC OxOC OxOC Ox1E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x6E 0x7F Ox6B Ox6B Ox6B Ox6B Ox6B 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox6E 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox6E 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x3E 0x30 0x30 0x78 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3B 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x3E 0x06 0x06 OxOF 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox6E 0x3B 0x33 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x78 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x
6. 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x60 0x30 0x18 0x0C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7E 0x00 0x00 0x7E 0x00 0x00 0x30 0x18 0x0C 0x06 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x00 gt 0x3C 0x66 0x06 0x0C 0x18 0x00 0x18 0x00 0 0x63 0 6 0x69 Ox6F 0x60 Ox3E 0x00 0x40 0x18 0x3C 0x66 0x66 0x7E 0x66 0x66 0x00 22 0x7E 0x33 0x33 0x3E 0x33 0x33 0x7E 0x00 B Ox1E 0x33 0x60 0x60 0x60 0x33 0x1E 0x00 C 0x7C 0x36 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x36 0x7C 0x00 D 0x7F 0x31 0x34 0x3C 0x34 0x31 0x7F 0x00 E 0x7F 0x31 0x34 0x3C 0x34 0x30 0x78 0x00 F Ox1E 0x33 0x60 0x60 0x67 0x33 0x1F 0x00 G 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x7E 0x66 0 66 0 66 0 00 H 0x3C 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x3C 0x00 I OxOF 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x00 J 0x73 0x33 0x36 0x3C 0x36 0x33 0x73 0x00 M K 0x78 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x31 0x33 0x7F 0x00 L 0x63 0x77 0x7F 0x7F 0x6B 0x63 0x63 0x00 M 0x63 0x73 0x7B Ox6F 0x67 0x63 0x63 0x00 N Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0 0x7E 0x33 0x33 0x3E 0x30 0x30 0x78 0x00 0x50 0x3C 0x66 0x66 0x66 Ox6E 0x3C OxOE 0x00 0 0x7E 0x33 0x33 0x3E 0x36 0x33 0x73 0x00 R 0x3C 0x66 0x30 0x18 0x0C 0x66 0x3C 0x00 S 0x7E 0x5A 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x3C 0x00 T 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x7E 0x00 U 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x18 0x00 V 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x6B 0x7F 0x77 0x63 0x00 W 0x63 0x63 0x36 0x1C 0x1C 0x36 0x63 0x00 X 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x18 0x18 0x3C 0x00
7. 0x66 0x3C 0x18 0x00 V 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x6B 0x7F 0x7F 0x36 0x00 W 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x36 0x1C 0x36 0x63 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x66 0x66 Ox3E 0x06 0x7C y 0x00 0x00 0 7 0 4 0x18 0x32 0x7E 0x00 2 0OxOE 0x18 0x18 0x70 0x18 0x18 0x0E 0x00 1 0x0C 0x0C 0xOC 0x00 0 0 OxOC 0x00 0x70 0x18 0x18 0 0 0x18 0 18 0 70 0 00 Ox3B O0x6E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x1C 0x36 0x36 0x1C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 DEL const unsigned char FONT8x16 97 16 0x08 0x10 0x10 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 columns rows nbytes 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Space 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x3C 0x3C 0x3C 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x22 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x36 0x36 0x7F 0x36 0x36 0x36 0x7F 0x36 0x36 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0C 0x0C Ox3E 0x63 0x61 0x60 0x3E 0x03 0x03 0x43 0x63 0x3E 0x0C 0x0C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x61 0x63 0x06 0xO0C 0x18 0x33 0x63 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0 1 0x36 0x36 0 1 0x3B Ox6E 0x66 0x66 0x3B 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x60 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0C 0x18 0x18 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x18 0x18 0x
8. Y 0x7F 0x63 0x46 0x0C 0x19 0x33 0x7F 0x00 Z 0x3C 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x3C 0x00 0x60 0x30 0x18 0x0C 0x06 0x03 0x01 0x00 back slash 0x3C 0x0C 0x0C 0xOC 0xOC 0 0x3C 0x00 0x08 0x1C 0x36 0x63 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 s 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 OxFF 0x18 0x18 0x0C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x60 0x00 0x00 0x3C 0x06 0x3E 0x66 0x3B 0x00 a 0x70 0x30 0x3E 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x6E 0x00 b 0x00 0x00 0x3C 0x66 0x60 0x66 0x3C 0x00 C OxOE 0x06 Ox3E 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x3B 0x00 d 0x00 0x00 0x3C 0x66 0x7E 0x60 0x3C 0x00 a e 0x1C 0x36 0x30 0x78 0x30 0x30 0x78 0x00 f 0x00 0x00 0x3B 0x66 0x66 Ox3E 0x06 0x7C g 0x70 0x30 0x36 0x3B 0x33 0x33 90 73 0x00 h 0x18 0x00 0x38 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x3C 0x00 1 0 06 0 00 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x70 0x30 0x33 0x36 0x3C 0x36 0x73 0x00 k 0x38 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x3C 0x00 1 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x7F 0x7F 0x6B 0x63 0 00 m 0x00 0x00 0x7C 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x00 n 0x00 0x00 0x3C 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x00 0 00 0 00 Ox6E 0x33 0x33 0x3E 0x30 0x78 0x70 0x00 0x00 0x3B 0x66 0 66 Ox3E 0x06 OxOF q 0x00 0x00 0x6E 0x3B 0x33 0x30 0x78 0x00 r 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x60 0x3C 0x06 0x7C 0x00 S 0x08 0x18 0x3E 0x18 0x18 0x1A 0x0C 0x00 t 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x3B 0x00 u 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x66
9. from the next pixel will be ignored RAMWR command memory write Data Red and green from 17 pixel Data Blue from 1 pixel set red from 2 pixel to zero NOP command no operation This red pixel information for the next pixel will be discarded by the NOP command that follows Figure 8 Color encoding for 12 bits pixel example illustrates sending 1 pixel 8 bits per pixel Selection of the reduced resolution 8 bits pixel mode is accomplished by sending the Color Interface Pixel Format command 0x3A followed by a single data byte containing the value 2 This encoding requires a Memory Write command and a single subsequent data byte to specify a single pixel The data byte contains all the color information for one pixel The color information is encoded as 3 bits for red 3 bits for green and 2 bits for blue as shown in Figure 9 below 0 RAMWR command memory write B B Data Red green and blue encoding 8 bits pixel Figure 9 Color encoding for 8 bits per pixel The important thing to note here is that this 8 bit color encoding will be converted to the 12 bit encoding by the Color Table that you set up in advance This Color Set table will convert 3 bit RED to 4 bit RED 3 bit GREEN to 4 bit GREEN and 2 bit BLUE to 4 bit BLUE This is made possible by the specification of the 20 entry color table in the initialization step WriteSpiCommand
10. 0 70 0x00 I 0x38 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x90 0x60 0x00 J 0x88 0x90 0xA0 0xCO OxAO 0x90 0x88 0x00 K 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 OxF8 0x00 L 0x88 0xD8 OxA8 0xA8 OxA8 0x88 0x88 0x00 M 0x88 0x88 0xC8 0xA8 0x98 0x88 0x88 0x00 0x70 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x70 0x00 0 OxFO 0x88 0x88 OxF0 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x00 0x50 0x70 0x88 0x88 0x88 0xA8 0x90 0x68 0x00 0 OxF0 0x88 0x88 OxF0 0xA0 0x90 0x88 0x00 R 0x70 0x88 0x80 0x70 0x08 0x88 0x70 0x00 S OxF8 0xA8 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x00 T 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x70 0x00 U 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x50 0x20 0x00 V 0x88 0x88 0x88 0xA8 0xA8 OxA8 0x50 0x00 W 0x88 0x88 0x50 0x20 0x50 0x88 0x88 0x00 X 0x88 0x88 0x50 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x00 Y 0xF8 0x08 0x10 0x70 0x40 0x80 OxF8 0x00 Z 0x78 0x40 0x40 0x40 0x40 0x40 0x78 0x00 0x00 0x80 0x40 0x20 0x10 0x08 0x00 0x00 back slash 0x78 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x78 0x00 0x20 0x50 0x88 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 p 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 OxF8 0x00 0x60 0x60 0x20 0x10 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x60 0x00 0x00 0x60 0x10 0x70 0x90 0x78 0x00 a 0x80 0x80 0xB0 0xC8 0x88 0xC8 OxBO 0x00 22 0x00 0x00 0x70 0x88 0x80 0x88 0x70 0x00 C 0x08 0x08 0x68 0x98 0x88 0x98 0x68 0x00 d 0x00 0x00 0x7
11. 0x00 0x7F 0x63 0x03 0x06 0x06 0x0C 0x0C 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x3E 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3E 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x3F 0x03 0x03 0x06 0x3C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x30 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x06 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x60 0x30 0x18 0x0C 0x06 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7E 0x00 0x00 0x7E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x60 0x30 0x18 0x0C 0x06 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x60 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x06 0x0C 0x0C 0x0C 0x00 0x0C OxOC 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x6F 0x6B 0 6 Ox6E 0x60 0x60 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x08 0x1C 0x36 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x7F 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7E 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x3E 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x7E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox1E 0x33 0x61 0x60 0x60 0x60 0x60 0x61 0x33 0x1E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7C 0x36 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x36 0x7C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7F 0x33 0x31 0x34 0x3C 0x34 0x30 0x31 0x33 0x7F 0
12. 3 data bytes can specify 2 pixels 21 8 bits per pixel requires one command and one data byte to specify the single pixel note pixel data byte converted by RGB table to 12 bit format above a 16 bits per pixel requires one command and two data bytes to specify the single pixel note pixel data bytes converted by dithering circuitry to 12 bit format above THIS IMPLEMENTATION USES THE 12 BITS PER PIXEL METHOD Notes To orient the LCD display so that the origin 0 0 is at the opposite corner from the connector to match the orientation of the Olimex SAM7 EX256 boards silk screen printing I selected mirror x and mirror y setting 777 in the MADCTL command 1 1 Also while I can t yet explain it I had to reverse the RGB orientation in the MADCTL command and invert the entire display using the INVON command to make 0xO black OxF full red HARDWARE INTERFACE The Nokia 6610 display uses a SPI serial interface 9 bits 2 LCD Reset set to low to reset PA12 LCD chip select set to low to select the LCD chip PA16 SPIO MISO Master In Slave Out not used in Olimex SAM7 EX256 LCD interface PA17 SPIO MOSI Master Out Slave In pin Serial Data to LCD slave PA18 SPIO SPCK Serial Clock to LCD slave SPI baud rate set to MCK 2 48054841 8 6006855 baud period 166 nsec OK since 150 nsec period is min for PCF8833 The important thin
13. FONT6x8 SMALL font mostly 5x7 FONT8x8 MEDIUM font 8x8 characters a bit thicker FONT8x16 LARGE font 8x16 characters thicker Note ASCII characters 0x00 through Ox1F are not included in these fonts First row of each font contains the number of columns the number of rows and the number of bytes per character Author Jimbo of Spark Fun James Lynch July 7 2007 KK KK K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K const unsigned char FONT6x8 97 8 0x06 0x08 0x08 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 columns rows num_bytes_per_char 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 space 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x50 0x50 0x50 0x00 0x00 0 00 0 00 0x00 n 0x50 0x50 0xF8 0x50 0xF8 0x50 0x50 0x00 0x20 0x78 0xA0 0x70 0x28 0xF0 0x20 0x00 0xC0 0xC8 0x10 0x20 0x40 0x98 0x18 0x00 0x40 0xA0 0xA0 0x40 0xA8 0x90 0x68 0x00 amp 0x30 0x30 0x20 0x40 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x40 0x40 0x40 0 20 0 10 0x00 0x40 0x20 0x10 0x10 0x10 0 20 0 40 0x00 0x00 0x20 0 8 0x70 0x70 0xA8 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x20 0 20 OxF8 0 20 0 20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x30 0x30 0x20 0x40 0 00 0 00 0x00 0xF8 0 00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
14. K OK PK K OK K K PK K K PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K SK K K OK K PK OK K K PK K OK K K OK PK K PK K OK PK PK OK K K PK K OK K K OK K OK K OK K 2K OK K K OK void LCDPutStr char pString int x int y int Size int fColor int bColor loop until null terminator is seen while pString 0x00 draw the character LCDPutChar pString x y Size fColor bColor advance the y position if Size SMALL 6 else if Size MEDIUM 8 else 8 bail out if y exceeds 131 if y 131 break 2K OK 2K 2K OK PK K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K SK PK K PK PK K OK K K PK 2E OK PE K OK PK K PK K OK PK K K PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K PK OK K PK PK K OK K PK OK K K PK K OK K K OK PK OK K K OK PK K Delay c Simple for loop delay Inputs a loop count Author James P Lynch June 27 2007 KK 2K 2K OK PK K OK K OK PK K OK K K OK K K PK K K PK K OK PK K PK K OK PK K K K K PK K OK PK K K PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K K PE K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K void Delay unsigned long a while a 0 2K OK K K OK PK K OK K SK PK K OK PK K OK K K PK PK K OK PK K PK 2E OK PK K OK PK K PK K OK OK K OK PK K OK K K OK K SK PK K OK K PK OK K PK PE K OK K PK OK PK K PK 2E OK K OK PK K OK K OK K K OK 2K K OK Font tables for Nokia 6610 LCD Display Driver PCF8833 Controller
15. K PK K K PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK OK K SK PE K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K void LCDPutChar char c int x int y int size int fColor int bColor extern const unsigned char FONT6x8 97 8 extern const unsigned char FONT8x8 971 8 extern const unsigned char FONT8x16 97 16 int i j unsigned int nCols unsigned int nRows unsigned int nBytes unsigned char PixelRow unsigned char Mask unsigned int unsigned int Wordl unsigned char pFont unsigned char pChar unsigned char FontTable unsigned char FONT6x8 unsigned char FONT8x8 unsigned char FONT8x16 get pointer to the beginning of the selected font table pFont unsigned char FontTable size get the nColumns nRows and nBytes nCols pFont nRows pFont 1 nBytes pFont 2 get pointer to the last byte of the desired character pChar pFont nBytes c Ox1F nBytes 1 Row address set command 0x2B WriteSpiCommand 5 WriteSpiData x WriteSpiData x nRows 1 Column address set command 0 2 WriteSpiCommand CASET WriteSpiData y WriteSpiData y nCols 1 WRITE MEMORY WriteSpiCommand RAMWR loop on each row working backwards from the bottom to the top for nRows 1 gt 0 1 copy pixel row from font table and then decrement row PixelRow pChar loop on each pixel in the row left to right No
16. OK K K OK PK K PK K OK K PK OK K K PK K OK K K OK PK PK K OK PK 2K OK PK K OK LCDSetLine c Draws a line in the specified color from x0 y0 to x1 y1 Inputs x row address 0 131 y column address 0 131 color 12 bit color value rrrrggggbbbb rrrr 1111 full red 0000 red is off gggg 1111 full green 0000 green is off bbbb 1111 full blue 0000 blue is off Returns nothing Note good write up on this algorithm in Wikipedia search for Bresenham s line algorithm see lcd h for some sample color settings Authors Dr Leonard McMillan Associate Professor UNC Jack Bresenham IBM Winthrop University Father of this algorithm 1962 Note taken verbatim from Professor McMillan s presentation http www cs unc edu mcmillan comp136 Lecture6 Lines html KK 2K K OK PK K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K K PK K K PK K OK PK K K K OK PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK PK K PK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K SK PK K OK K PK OK K K PK 2K OK K K OK K K PK K OK K PK OK K K K K OK K K OK PK K OK PK K OK PE K OK void LCDSetLine int x0 int int x1 int yl int color int dy yl y0 int dx x1 x0 int stepx stepy if dy lt 0 4 dy dy stepy 1 else stepy 1 if dx lt 0 dx dx stepx 1 else stepx 1 dy lt lt 1 dy is now 2 dy dx lt lt 1 dx 1 now 2 dx LCDSetPixel x0 y0 color if dx gt dy int fraction dy dx gt gt 1 sa
17. RGBSET Define Color Table command 0x2D WriteSpiData 0 red 000 value WriteSpiData 2 red 001 value WriteSpiData 5 red 010 value WriteSpiData 7 red 011 value WriteSpiData 9 red 100 value WriteSpiData 11 red 101 value WriteSpiData 14 red 110 value WriteSpiData 16 red 111 value WriteSpiData 0 green 000 value WriteSpiData 2 green 001 value WriteSpiData 5 WriteSpiData 7 WriteSpiData 9 WriteSpiData 11 WriteSpiData 14 WriteSpiData 16 WriteSpiData 0 WriteSpiData 6 WriteSpiData 11 WriteSpiData 15 green 010 value green 011 value green 100 value green 101 value green 110 value green 111 value blue 000 value blue 001 value blue 010 value blue 011 value Consider the following points The resolution of the Nokia 6100 display is 132 x 132 pixels 12 bits pixel Since the 8 bits pixel encoding is converted by the color table to 12 bits pixel there is no saving of display memory The 8 bits pixel encoding would use about 1 3 less data bytes to fill an area so there would be a performance gain in terms of the number of bytes transferred The 8 bits pixel encoding would make a photograph look terrible In the author s view there s very little to be gained by using this mode in an ARM microcontroller environment Therefore elected to not implement the color table and 8 bit encoding in this driver 16 bits per pixel Selection of 16 bits p
18. WriteSpiData x Column address set command 0x2A WriteSpiCommand CASET WriteSpiData y WriteSpiData y KK KK K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 3K K K K K K K LCDSetPixel c Lights a single pixel in the specified color at the specified x and y addresses Inputs x row address 0 131 y E column address 0 131 color 12 bit color value rrrrggggbbbb rrrr 1111 full red 0000 red is off gggg 1111 full green 0000 green is off bbbb 1111 full blue 0000 blue is off Returns nothing Note see lcd h for some sample color settings Author James P Lynch July 7 2007 KK KK K PK 2K K K SK K 2K K K K K 2K K K K K K 2K K K K K K K PK K K K K K 2E K PK K K K 2K K K K K K OK K 2k K 2K OK K 2K K K K K K K OK K K K K OK K 2K OK K K K K OK K K OK 2K K K K OK K K void LCDSetPixel int x int y int color LCDSetXY x y WriteSpiCommand RAMWR WriteSpiData unsigned char color gt gt 4 amp OxFFFF WriteSpiData unsigned char color amp lt lt 4 0x00 WriteSpiCommand KK 2K K OK PK K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K K K K K PK K OK K PK PK K OK PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K K PK K PK K K K K OK PK K OK K OK PK K PK PK K OK K PK OK K PK PK K
19. allowed the user to read from the display The LED backlight needs a lot of current so a boost converter is used for this purpose The backlight can be turned on and off using 20 It looks like you might be able to PWM the backlight but doubt anyone would want the backlight to be at half brightness 6 18 PA17 PA12 PA2 J K F BL PWR H68 C T 65 REZ 22 8 PB20 d4 ik 338 BC846 2k 1Bu 3U Figure 5 Hardware Interface to Nokia 6100 LCD Display Addressing Pixel Memory The Philips PCF8833 controller has a 17424 word memory 132 x 132 where each word is 12 bits 4 bit color each for red green and blue You address it by specifying the address of the desired pixel with the Page Address Set command rows and the Column Address Set command columns The Page Address Set and Column Address Set command specify two things the starting pixel and the ending pixel This has the effect of creating a drawing box This sounds overly complex but it has a wrap around and auto increment feature that greatly simplifies writing character fonts and filling rectangles The pixel memory has 132 rows and 132 columns as shown below in Figure 6 131 0 131 131 21111111111111 1 tt Rows HEE te 111111 4 8x8 box of Pixels at 4 2 to 11 9 EE Single Pixel at 2 7 SJS dJi l 00 0 181 Columns Figure 6 Philips PCF8833 Pixel Memor
20. bits GREEN and 4 bits BLUE Practically speaking you cannot see the first and last row and columns The normal orientation is as follows Columns Rows Figure 2 Default Orientation of Nokia 6100 LCD Display That of course is upside down on the Olimex SAM7 EX256 board if the silk screen lettering is used as the up down reference So set the mirror x and mirror y command to rotate the display 180 degrees as shown below This will be the orientation used in this tutorial it is so easy to change back if you desire Rows 0 131 Columns _ Figure 3 Tutorial Orientation of Nokia 6100 LCD Display Communication with the Display The Nokia 6100 uses a two wire serial SPI interface clock and data The ARM7 microcontroller SPI peripheral generates the clock and data signals and the display acts solely as a slave device Olimex elected to not implement the MISOO signal that would allow the ARM microcontroller to read from the LCD display you could read some identification codes status temperature data etc Therefore the display is strictly write only We send 9 bits to the display serially the ninth bit indicates if a command byte or a data byte is being transmitted Note in the timing diagram below from the Philips manual the ninth bit command or data is clocked out first and is LOW to indicate a command byte or HIGH to indicate a data byte GI 75 B o
21. data byte pSPI 2SPI data send the command Both snippets have a wait until TXEMPTY to guarantee that a new command data is not started before the previous one has completed This is quite safe as you will never get stuck forever in that wait loop The LCD driver has three functions supporting the SPI interface to the LCD InitSpi sets up the SPI interface 1 to communicate with the LCD WriteSpiCommand command sends a command byte to the LCD WriteSpiData data sends a data byte to the LCD Using these commands is quite simple for example to initialize the SPI interface and then set the contrast InitSpi Initialize SPI interface to LCD WriteSpiCommand SETCON Write contrast command 0x25 WriteSpiData 0x30 contrast 0x30 range is 63 to 63 The hardware interface uses five I O port pins four bits from PIOA and one bit from PIOB as shown in Table 1 and Figure 5 below LCD Reset set to low to reset PA12 LCD chip select set to low to select the LCD chip PA16 SPIO_MISO Master In Slave Out used LCD interface PA17 SPIO MOSI Master Out Slave In pin Serial Data to LCD slave PA18 SPIO SPCK Serial Clock to LCD slave PB20 backlight control normally PWM control 1 full on Table 1 I O port bits used to support the SPI interface to the LCD Display Note in Table 1 above that Olimex elected not to support the SPIO MOSI Slave In bit PA16 which would have
22. each pixel set Memory Write and feed two bytes of color data for each pixel The grand total would be 576 SPI transmissions The advantage gained using the auto increment and wrap around features is obvious Row address set command Ox2B WriteSpiCommand PASET WriteSpiData 4 WriteSpiData 1 1 Column address set command 0x24 WriteSpiCommand CASET WriteSpiData 2 WriteSpiData 9 Write Memory command 0 2 WriteSpiCommand RAMWR loop on total number of pixels 2 for i20 i 11 4 1 9 24 1 2 1 use the color value to output three data bytes covering two pixels WriteSpiData color gt gt 4 amp OxFF WriteSpiData color amp OxF lt lt 4 color gt gt 8 amp OxF WriteSpiData color amp OxFF Figure 12 Code Snippet to Fill an 8 x 8 box Code to use this technique to draw a character font is similar but at each pixel you have to determine if the font calls for a foreground color or the background color Initializing the LCD Display This was a surprise to me but the Philips PCF8833 does not quite boot into a ready to display mode after hardware reset The following is the minimal commands data needed to place it into 12 bit color mode First we do a hardware reset with a simple manipulation of the port pin Reset is asserted low on this controller Hardware reset LCD RESET LOW Delay 20000 LCD RESET HIGH Delay 20000 The controller boots
23. lt x1 x0 1 xmax 0 gt x1 x0 x1 ymin lt yl yO yl ymax gt yl yO yl 2 Now set up the drawing box to be the desired rectangle WriteSpiCommand PASET set the row boundaries WriteSpiData xmin WriteSpiData xmax WriteSpiCommand CASET set the column boundaries WriteSpiData ymin WriteSpiData ymax 3 Calculate the number of pixels to be written divided by 2 NumPixels xmax 1 1 2 1 You may notice that I added one pixel to the formula This covers the case where the number of pixels is odd and we would lose one pixel due to rounding error In the case of odd pixels the number of pixels is exact in the case of even pixels we have one more pixel than needed but it cannot be displayed because it is outside the drawing box We divide by 2 because two pixels are represented by three bytes So we work through the rectangle two pixels at a time 4 Now a simple memory write loop will fill the rectangle for 1 0 1 lt xmin 1 ymax ymin 1 2 1 144 4 WriteSpiData color 4 amp OxFF WriteSpiData color amp OxF lt lt 4 color gt gt 8 amp OxF WriteSpiData color amp OxFF the case of unfilled rectangle drawing four lines with th
24. ok ok 2K K 2K K K K 2K ok 2K ok 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K OK K OK PK OK PK OK OK PE PE K 2K K ok ok ok ok K K K 2K K 2K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK PK OK OK OK OK K WriteSpiData c Writes 9 bit command to LCD display via SPI interface Inputs data Leadis 105176 controller driver command Note Sets bit 8 to indicate data transfer Author 011 James P Lynch July 7 2007 2K OK 2K 2K OK PK OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K K PK K K PK K OK K K PK K OK PK OK PK K PK K OK PK K K PK K K K K OK K SK PK K OK K PK OK K PK PE K OK K PK OK K K PK K OK K OK K K OK K OK K K void WriteSpiData volatile unsigned int data wait for the transfer to complete while pSPI 2SPI SR amp AT91C SPI TXEMPTY 0 set bit 8 indicates data data data 0x0100 send the data pSPI gt SPI_TDR data 2K OK 2K 2K OK PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK K K PK K K PK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K K PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK OK K OK PE K OK K K OK K K PK 2K OK K OK K K OK K OK K K Backlight c Turns the backlight on and off Inputs state 1 backlight on 2 backlight off Author Olimex James P Lynch July 7 2007 2K OK 2K K OK PK K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K PK PK K K PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK PK K PK K OK PK K PK PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK OK K PK PE K OK K PK OK K K PK K OK K OK K K OK K OK K K void Backlight unsigned char state if state 1 SODR BIT20 Set PB20
25. site to convert pictures jpeg into the 132 x 132 motif required by the Nokia 6100 LCD display The text overlays demonstrate foreground and background color specification s 2 Figure 15 Display of a bmp image with text Conclusions set out to write a Nokia 6100 LCD Display Driver that was 100 related to the Philips PCF8833 Data Sheet generally succeeded but there is still the mystery of why the display needed to be inverted and the RGB setting had to be reversed The subroutines contained herein are the most efficient for this particular controller If you need to port this to a different computational platform then you need to modify the port pins used and rewrite the SPI routines to conform to the alternate microprocessor suspect most people could easily handle such details would appreciate comments on this work and would be happy to accept any suggested improvements for inclusion in a future release About the Author Jim Lynch lives in Grand Island New York and is a software developer for Control Techniques a subsidiary of Emerson Electric He develops embedded software for the company s industrial drives high power motor controllers which are sold all over the world Mr Lynch has previously worked for Mennen Medical Calspan Corporation and the Boeing Company He has a BSEE from Ohio University and a MSEE from State University of New York at Buffalo Jim is a single Father and has two grown children who n
26. to HIGH else pPIOB PIO CODR BIT20 Set PB20 to LOW 20 vo 27 KKK K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K kK kK kK kK kK InitLcd c Initializes the Philips PCF8833 LCD Controller Inputs none Author James P Lynch July 7 2007 KK KK K K K K K K PK K K K 2K OK K K K K K K 2E K K K K 2E K PE K K K 2K PK 2K K PK K K PK K K K K K K OK PK K K K OK K K K K 2E K K K OK K K PK 2E OK K OK K 2K K K OK K K id InitLcd void Hardware reset LCD RESET LOW Delay 20000 LCD RESET HIGH Delay 20000 Sleep out command 0x11 WriteSpiCommand SLEEPOUT Inversion on command 0x20 WriteSpiCommand INVON seems to be required for this controller Color Interface Pixel Format command 0x3A WriteSpiCommand COLMOD WriteSpiData 0x03 0x03 12 bits per pixel Memory access controler command 0x36 WriteSpiCommand MADCTL WriteSpiData 0xC8 0 0 mirror x and y reverse rgb Write contrast command 0x25 WriteSpiCommand 5 WriteSpiData 0x30 contrast 0x30 Delay 2000 Display On command 0x29 WriteSpiCommand DISPON 2K OK 2K 2K OK PK OK K SK PK K OK PK K OK PK SK PK K FK OK K OK PK FK PK K OK PK K OK PK K PK K OK PK K OK PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK OK K PK PE K OK
27. 0 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x36 0x1C 0x08 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x6B 0x6B 0x7F 0x36 0x36 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xC3 0xC3 0x66 0x3C 0x18 0x18 0x3C 0x66 0xC3 0xC3 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xC3 0xC3 0xC3 0x66 Ox3C 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x3C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox7F 0x63 0x43 0x06 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x61 0x63 0x7F 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3C 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x3C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 OxEO 0x70 0x38 Ox1C OxOE 0x07 0x03 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3C OxOC 0x0C 0x0C OxOC OxOC OxOC OxOC OxOC 0x3C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x08 0x1C 0x36 0x63 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 OxFF 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3C 0x46 0x06 Ox3E 0x66 0x66 0x3B 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x70 0x30 0x30 0x3C 0x36 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x63 0x60 0x60 0x60 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
28. 0 0x88 0xF8 0x80 0x70 0x00 e 0x10 0x28 0x20 0x70 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x00 f 0x00 0x00 0x70 0x98 0x98 0x68 0x08 0x70 9 0x80 0x80 0xB0 0xC8 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x00 h 0x20 0x00 0x60 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x70 0x00 i 0x10 0x00 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x90 0x60 0x00 1 0x80 0x80 0x90 0xA0 0xC0 0x90 0x00 k 0x60 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x70 0x00 1 0x00 0x00 0xD0 8 0xA8 OxA8 8 0x00 m 0x00 0x00 0xB0 0xC8 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x00 n 0x00 0x00 0x70 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x70 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xB0 0xC8 0xC8 OxBO 0x80 0x80 0x70 0x00 0x00 0x68 0x98 0x98 0x68 0x08 0x08 0x00 0x00 0xB0 0xC8 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x00 r 0x00 0x00 0x78 0x80 0x70 0x08 OxF0 0x00 S 0x20 0x20 0xF8 0x20 0x20 0x28 0x10 0x00 t 0x00 0x00 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x98 0x68 0x00 u 0x00 0x00 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x50 0x20 0x00 V 0x00 0x00 0x88 0x88 0xA8 0xA8 0x50 0x00 W 0x00 0x00 0x88 0x50 0x20 0x50 0 88 0 00 X 0x00 0x00 0x88 0x88 0x78 0x08 0x88 0x70 0x00 0x00 OxF8 0x10 0x20 0x40 OxF8 0x00 2 0x10 0x20 0x20 0x40 0x20 0x20 0x10 0x00 1 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x00 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x00 0x40 0x20 0x20 0x10 0x20 0x20 0x40 0x00 0x40 0xA8 0 10 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0 70 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 70 0 00 90 00 0x00 0x00 DEL const unsigned char FONT8x8 97 8 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 co
29. 00 Ox3E 0x63 0x38 OxOE 0x03 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x08 0x18 0x18 0x7E 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x1B OxOE 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x3B 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x63 0x36 0x36 0x1C 0x1C 0x08 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x6B 0 6 0x7F 0x36 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x36 0x1C 0x1C 0x1C 0x36 0x63 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x3F 0x03 0x06 0x3C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7F 0x66 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x63 0x7F 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 WON OY UI 00 1 A 00 06 0 20 lt 0x40 0x50 back slash 0x60 0x70 0x00 0x00 0x0E 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x70 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x0E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x70 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x0E 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x70 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3B Ox6E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 A 0x00 0x70 0xD8 OxD8 0x70 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Sample Main Program Test
30. 0C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x0C 0x0C 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x06 0 0 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x42 0x66 0x3C OxFF 0x3C 0x66 0x42 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x18 OxFF 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x30 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 OxFF 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x01 0x03 0x07 OxOE 0 1 0x38 0x70 OxEO OxCO 0x80 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x63 0 6 0 6 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0C 0x1C 0x3C OxOC 0xOC OxOC OxOC OxOC OxOC Ox3F 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 To VAF forward slash 0x30 FON 0x00 0x00 0x3E 0x63 0x03 0x06 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x61 0x63 0x7F 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3E 0x63 0x03 0x03 0 1 0x03 0x03 0x03 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x06 0x1E 0x36 0x66 0x66 0x7F 0x06 0x06 OxOF 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7F 0x60 0x60 0x60 0x7E 0x03 0x03 0x63 0x73 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x1C 0x30 0x60 0x60 0x7E 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
31. 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x30 0x30 0x00 0x00 0x08 0x10 0x20 0x40 0x80 0x00 0x00 forward slash 0x70 0x88 0x88 OxA8 0x88 0x88 0x70 0x00 0 0x30 0x20 0x60 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x70 0x00 1 0x70 0x88 0x08 0x70 0x80 0 80 OxF8 0x00 2 OxF8 0x08 0x10 0x30 0x08 0x88 0x70 0x00 3 0x10 0x30 0x50 0x90 OxF8 0x10 0x10 0x00 4 OxF8 0x80 0xF0 0x08 0x08 0x88 0x70 0x00 5 0x38 0x40 0x80 OxF0 0x88 0x88 0x70 0x00 6 OxF8 0x08 0x08 0x10 0x20 0x40 0x80 0x00 7 0x70 0x88 0x88 0x70 0x88 0x88 0x70 0x00 8 0x70 0x88 0x88 0x78 0x08 0x10 0xE0 0x00 9 0x00 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x20 0x20 0x40 0x00 0 08 0 10 0 20 0 40 0 20 0 10 0 08 0 00 lt 0x00 0x00 0xF8 0x00 0xF8 0x00 0 00 0x00 0x40 0x20 0x10 0x08 0x10 0x20 0x40 0x00 gt 0x70 0x88 0x08 0x30 0x20 0x00 0x20 0 00 0x70 0x88 0 0xB8 OxBO 0x80 0x78 0x00 0x40 0 20 0x50 0x88 0x88 OxF8 0x88 0x88 0x00 A OxFO 0x88 0x88 OxF0 0x88 0x88 OxFO 0x00 0x70 0x88 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x88 0x70 0x00 OxFO 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x88 OxF0 0x00 D OxF8 0x80 0x80 OxF0 0x80 0x80 OxF8 0x00 E OxF8 0x80 0x80 OxF0 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x00 F 0x78 0x88 0x80 0x80 0x98 0x88 0x78 0x00 G 0x88 0x88 0x88 OxF8 0x88 0x88 0x88 0x00 H 0x70 0x20 0x20 0x20 0 20 0 20
32. 24 0x01000000 define BIT25 0x02000000 define 26 0x04000000 define 27 0x08000000 define BIT28 0x10000000 define BIT29 0x20000000 define X BIT30 0x40000000 define 0x80000000 endif Lcd h BIT2 BIT2 LCD C The Icd c module contains the SPI support code and a complete set of LCD graphics primitives The line drawing and circle routines are derived from the famous Jack Bresenham algorithms from 1962 The rest of the graphics primitives are designed by the author The font tables were adapted from the ARM example submitted to the Sparkfun web site by Jimbo 2K OK 2K 2K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K K K K K K K OK K K OK K OK OK K OK K K OK K OK K K K K K OK K K K K 2K OK K OK K 2K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K K K OK K OK K K K K OK K K K K OK 2K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK 1 Nokia 6610 LCD Display Driver 8833 Controller Controller used for LCD Display is a Philips PCF8833 STN RGB 132x132x3 driver Note Leadis LDS176 controller GE 12 is 100 compatible with Philips PCF8833 Nokia 6610 has a 132 x 132 pixel matrix each pixel has 12 bits of color information Note In general you can t view Row 0 or Row 131 Rows and Column 0 and Column 131 132 x 132 pixel matrix has three methods to specify the color info 1 12 bits per pixel requires command and 1 5 data bytes to specify a single pixel
33. CDSetCircle int x0 int int radius int color LCDPutChar char c int x int y int size int fcolor int bcolor LCDPutString char lcd string const char font style unsigned char x unsigned char y unsigned char fcolor unsigned char bcolor Delay unsigned long a 2K OK 2K 2K OK K K OK K K PK K OK K K OK PK K PK K OK PK K K PK K OK K OK K K K PK K OK K K OK OK K K K OK K K OK PK K OK K OK PK K OK Pointers to AT91SAM7X256 peripheral data structures 2K 2K ok 2K 2K K ck 2K ok 2K OK 2K 2K 2K OK 2K 2K 2K K K 2K ok OK 2K 2K K PK OK 2K 2K OK K 2K 2K Pk OK 2K 2K OK 2K 2K 2K PK OK 2K OK 2K K PK PK OK K K volatile AT91PS_PIO pPIOA AT91C BASE PIOA volatile AT91PS_PIO pPIOB AT91C BASE PIOB volatile AT91PS_SPI pSPI AT91C BASE SPIO volatile AT91PS_PMC pPMC AT91C BASE PMC volatile AT91PS_PDC pPDC AT91C BASE PDC SPIO vo KK 2K 2K OK OK 2K OK PK K OK OK K OK K K PK K K PK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K OK K K PK K K PK K K PK K OK K K OK K SK PK K OK K OK OK K PK PE K OK PK PK OK PK K PK K OK K K OK PK K OK K OK K K K PK K OK K OK PK 2k OK PK K OK 2K OK K K LCD chip select set to low to select the LCD chip SPIO MISO Master In Slave Out not used in LCD interface SPIO MOSI Master Out Slave In pin Serial Data to LCD slave SPIO SPCK Serial Clock to LCD slave InitSpi Sets up SPI channel 0 for communications to Nokia 6610 LCD Display 1 0 ports u
34. CK draw a string LCDPutStr Hello World 60 5 SMALL WHITE BLACK LCDPutStr Hello World 40 5 MEDIUM ORANGE BLACK LCDPutStr Hello World 20 5 LARGE PINK BLACK draw a filled box LCDSetRect 120 60 80 80 FILL BROWN draw a empty box LCDSetRect 120 85 80 105 NOFILL CYAN draw some lines LCDSetLine 120 10 120 50 YELLOW LCDSetLine 120 50 80 50 YELLOW LCDSetLine 80 50 80 10 YELLOW LCDSetLine 80 10 120 10 YELLOW LCDSetLine 120 85 80 105 YELLOW LCDSetLine 80 85 120 105 YELLOW draw a circle LCDSetCircle 65 100 10 RED Delay 8000000 Kok ok ok ok ok ok K OK K ok ok K ok K 2K K OK K K K OK K K OK K OK ok K K OK K K OK 2K OK 2K K K K K K OK ok OK K OK K K OK K OK K 2K 2K OK OK K OK K K K K bmp display test display the Olimex photograph 2K OK OK 2K OK K K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K SK PK K OK PK K OK K K PK K OK K K OK K K OK K K OK PK K OK K PK PK K OK PK K OK K OK K K OK PK OK K OK K K LCDClearScreen LCDWrite130x130bmp LCDPutStr This guy is nuts 115 2 LARGE BLACK CYAN draw a filled box LCDSetRect 90 70 75 120 FILL YELLOW LCDPutStr HELP 80 80 SMALL BLACK YELLOW 2K OK 2K 2K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK OK K OK OK K OK K OK OK K K endless blink loop KK 2K 2k OK K K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK PE K OK K OK PK K K while 1 if pPIO gt PIO ODSR amp LED4
35. K OK K K OK K OK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K LCDWrite130x130bmp c Writes the entire screen from a bmp file Uses Olimex BmpToArray exe utility Inputs picture in bmp h Author Olimex James P Lynch July 7 2007 2K OK 2K 2K OK PK K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK 2K K PK K K PK K OK K K PK 2E OK K K OK PK K PK K OK PK K K PK K OK K K OK K PK PK K OK K OK PK K PK PE FK OK K PK OK K K PK K OK K OK K K OK K OK PK K void LCDWrite130x130bmp void 4 long 7 loop counter Memory access controler command 0x36 WriteSpiCommand MADCTL WriteSpiData 0x48 no mirror Y temporary to satisfy Olimex bmptoarray utility Display OFF WriteSpiCommand DISPOFF Column address set command 0 2 WriteSpiCommand CASET WriteSpiData 0 WriteSpiData 131 Page address set command 0x2B WriteSpiCommand WriteSpiData 0 WriteSpiData 131 WRITE MEMORY WriteSpiCommand RAMWR j 0 j lt sizeof bmp j WriteSpiData bmp jl Memory access controler command 0x36 WriteSpiCommand MADCTL WriteSpiData 0xC8 restore to mirror x and y reverse rgb Display On WriteSpiCommand DISPON 2K OK 2K 2K OK PK K OK 2K SK PK K OK PK K OK K SK PK K K PK K OK PK K PK K OK PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK PK K OK K K OK K PK PK K OK K OK PK K SK PE K OK K SK OK K K PK K OK K OK PK K OK K OK LCDClearScreen c Clears the LCD screen to single color BLACK I
36. K K OK PK K OK K PK PK K K PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK K K OK K OK OK K OK PK 2K OK K OK PK OK OK K OK 2K OK OK K Header Files 2K OK OK 3K 3K OK OK OK 3K 3K K K K 3K OK OK OK OK 3K OK OK OK 3K K OK OK K OK K OK OK 3K OK OK OK PK SK K OK OK PK OK OK OK OK OK PK OK OK OK include AT91SAM7X256 h include lcd h include board h EK 2K 2K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K K OK 2K SK PK K K PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK PK K OK K OK K OK PK K OK 2K OK OK External References 2K OK OK OK 3K OK OK OK OK 3K K OK OK K K OK OK K K PK OK OK OK OK PK PK K OK OK PK PK OK OK PK OK OK PK PE OK K OK OK OK OK 3K OK OK OK OK OK kK extern void LowLevelInit void int main void unsigned long j unsigned long k unsigned long col unsigned long row unsigned int IdleCount 0 int TempColor 11 WHITE BLACK RED GREEN BLUE CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BROWN ORANGE PINK char TempChar 11 White Black Red Green Blue Cyan Magenta Yellow Brown Orange Pink Initialize the Atmel AT91SAM7S256 watchdog PLL clock default interrupts etc LowLevelInit Set up the LED PA3 volatile AT91PS PIO pPIO AT91C BASE PIOA pointer to PIO data structure pPIO gt PIO PER LED MASK PIO Enable Register allow PIO to control pin PP3 OER LED MASK PIO Output Enable Register sets pin P3 to outputs
37. Nokia 6100 LCD Display Driver Author James P Lynch 3 ddd a 1 kr L Fi 4 E r 114 z E 1 E LL o Nul x Te Ma a eh aunt Eoo EH D EL iab 82 4 y be oa TIT n a CU BAMZ EXZ5S 5 9 1 hr 1 X DEU maji e e m Ir TENA coe Introduction There have been countless millions of Nokia cell phones sold world wide and this economy of scale has made it possible for the hobbyist and experimenter to procure the LCD graphic display from these phones at a reasonable price Sparkfun Electronics www sparkfun com sells a model 6100 for 19 95 US l ve seen sources for this display on EBay for 7 99 US plus 10 00 shipping from Hong Kong so shipping is a bit slow The Swedish web shop Jelu www jelu se has this display for about 20 00 US also see photograph below Olimex uses these displays on their more sophisticated development boards so this tutorial will be geared to the Olimex SAM7 EX256 board shown on the front cover 1 ED Fin B Function a A 5 B A 1C Figure 1 Nokia 6100 LCD Display from Jelu web site The important specifications for this display are as follows 132 x 132 pixels 12 bit co
38. Routine The following is a simple main program that exercises every one of the LCD graphics primitives After the tests have been completed the main program falls into an endless blink loop Since the SAM7 EX256 board has no user programmable LED the author added one as shown in the program s annotation KKK K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K main c Nokia 6610 LCD demonstration program for Olimex SAM7 EX256 Evaluation Board Performs a series of tests of the LCD driver When tests are complete blinks LED4 pin PA3 with an endless loop PA3 is pin 1 on the EXT 20 pin connector 3 3v is pin 18 The Olimex SAM7 EX256 board has no programmable LEDs Added a simple test LED from Radio Shack as shown below attached to the 20 pin EXT connector 3 3 volts anode PA3 Radio Shack Red LED 276 026 T 1 size anode is the longer wire LED current E R 3 3 470 007 amps 7 ma Note most PIO pins can drive 8 ma on the AT91SAM7X256 so we re OK Author James P Lynch July 7 2007 EK Kok OK PK K OK PK OK PK K OK PK K OK K SK PK K K PK K OK PK K PK K OK PK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK K K PK K OK K K OK PK K PK K OK K K K PK 2k PK K OK PK 2k PK PK K OK K OK PK K OK PK K OK K OK OK K OK K OK K SK OK K K AK OK KKK K K OK K OK P
39. TCON WriteSpiData 0x30 contrast 0x30 Delay 2000 Now that the display is initialized properly we can turn on the display and we re ready to start displaying characters and graphics Display On command 0x29 WriteSpiCommand DISPON Description of the Software Modules A printout of the LCD driver code and a simple main program to test it follows directly below A suitable Eclipse GNU project is also available in zip file format for those who have the Olimex board LCD H This include file contains the Philips commands and color specification codes 1fndef define Lcd h Lcd h ok ke ke ok ok ok ok ke ke LCD Include File for Philips PCF8833 STN RGB 132x132x3 Driver Taken from Philips data sheet Feb 14 2003 AK OK 2K 2K OK OK K OK K K K K OK K K OK K OK K K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK OK K K K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K OK OK K K K K OK K OK OK K OK K K OK K 2K OK K K OK K OK K K OK 2K K OK K OK K K Philips PCF8833 LCD controller command codes define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define defi
40. ative 12 bits pixel mode is accomplished by sending the Color Interface Pixel Format command 0x34 followed by a single data byte containing the value This encoding requires a Memory Write command and 1 5 subsequent data bytes to specify a single pixel The bytes are packed so that two pixels will occupy three sequential bytes and the process repeats until the drawing boundaries are used up Figure 7 illustrates the 12 bits pixel encoding RAMWR command memory write Data Red and green from 15 pixel Data Blue from 1 pixel red from 2 pixel Data Green and blue from 2 pixel Figure 7 Color encoding for 12 bits pixel example illustrates sending 2 pixels You might pose the question What happens if specify a single pixel with just two data bytes Will the 4 bits of red information from the next pixel usually set to zero perturb the neighboring pixel The answer is no since the PCF8833 controller writes to display RAM only when it gets a complete pixel The straggler red bits from the next pixel wait for the completion of the remaining colors which will never come Appearance of any command will cancel the previous memory operation and discard the unused pixel information To be safe added a NOP command in the LCDSetPixel function to guarantee that the unused blue information from the next pixel is discarded Figure 8 demonstrates how to send a single pixel using 12 bit encoding Note that the last 4 red bits
41. e Bresenham line drawing algorithm is reasonably efficient Author James P Lynch July 7 2007 2K OK 2K 2K OK PE K OK 2K OK PK K OK PK K OK K SK PK K K PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K K PK K K OK K K PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK OK K PK PE K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K OK K K OK OK PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K K OK void LCDSetRect int x0 int int x1 int yl unsigned char fill int color int xmin xmax ymin ymax int 1 check if the rectangle is to be filled if fill FILL best way to create a filled rectangle is to define a drawing box and loop two pixels at a time calculate the min and max for x and y directions xmin xO lt x1 x0 1 xmax 0 gt x1 x0 1 ymin lt yl yO yl ymax gt yl yO yl specify the controller drawing box according to those limits Row address set command 0x2B WriteSpiCommand PASET WriteSpiData xmin WriteSpiData xmax Column address set command 0 2 WriteSpiCommand CASET WriteSpiData ymin WriteSpiData ymax WRITE MEMORY WriteSpiCommand RAMWR loop on total number of pixels 2 for 1 0 1 lt xmax xmin 1 ymax ymin 1 2 1 use the color value to output three data bytes covering two pixels WriteSpiData color gt gt 4 amp OxFF WriteSpiData color amp OxF lt lt 4 color gt gt 8 amp OxF WriteSpiData colo
42. ed disabled Mode Fault Detection disabled Chip Select Decode chip selects connected directly to peripheral Peripheral Select fixed Master Slave Mode Master Delay between Consecutive Transfers 32 MCK periods Delay Before SPCK 1 MCK period Serial Clock Baud Rate baudrate 6006855 baud Bits per Transfer 9 bits Chip Select Active After Transfer Clock Phase data captured on falling edge Clock Polarity inactive state is logic one MCK 8 48054841 8 KKK KK K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WriteSpiCommand c Writes 9 bit command to LCD display via SPI interface Inputs data Leadis LDS176 controller driver command Note clears bit 8 to indicate command transfer Author 011 James P Lynch July 7 2007 2K OK 2K 2K OK K K OK K SK PK K OK PK K OK K PK PK K K PK K OK PK K K K OK K K OK K K PK K OK PK K K PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K PK OK K PK PE K OK K PK OK K K PK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K K void WriteSpiCommand volatile unsigned int command wait for the previous transfer to complete while pSPI gt SPI_SR amp AT91C SPI 0 clear bit 8 indicates a command command command amp 0x0100 send the command pSPI gt SPI_TDR command 2K 2K ok ok ok ok ok K PK PK PK PK 2K PK PK K K ok
43. g to note is that you CANNOT read from the LCD Author James P Lynch July 7 2007 FKK 2K 2K OK K K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K K PK K OK PK K OK K K PK K OK K K OK K K PK K OK K K PK PK K PK K OK PK K OK K FK PK K PK K K SK PK FK OK K OK K K FK PK K OK K PK OK K PK PK K OK FK SK K K K PK K OK K K PK PK K K K OK PK K PK PK K PK K OK 2K 2k OK K K K KK 2K 2K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK PK K OK SK PK K OK OK K PK K OK K Include Files 2K 3K 3K 3K K OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K ok ok ok ok ok ok ok K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK kK K include at91sam7x256 h include lcd h Zinclude bmp h 11 KK OK 2K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K K K K OK OK K OK K OK OK K OK K K OK 2K 2K OK K OK K forward references const unsigned char 6 8 97 8 const unsigned char 8 8 97 8 const unsigned char 8 16 97 16 void void void void void void void void void void void void void void void InitLcd void Backlight unsigned char state WriteSpiCommand unsigned int data WriteSpiData unsigned int data InitLcd void LCDWrite130x130bmp void LCDClearScreen void LCDSetXY int x int y LCDSetPixel int x int y int color LCDSetLine int x1 int yl int x2 int y2 int color LCDSetRect int x0 int yO int x1 int yl unsigned char fill int color L
44. into SLEEPIN mode which keeps the booster circuits off We need to exit sleep mode which will also turn on all the voltage booster circuits Sleep out command Ox1 1 WriteSpiCommand SLEEPOUT This is still a mystery to me but had to invert the display and reverse the RGB setting to get the colors to work correctly in this particular display If you have trouble consider removing this command Inversion on command 0x20 WriteSpiCommand INVON seems to be required for this controller For this driver elected to use the 12 bit color pixel format exclusively Color Interface Pixel Format command WriteSpiCommand COLMOD WriteSpiData 0x03 0x03 12 bits per pixel In setting up the memory access controller elected to use the mirror x and mirror y commands to reorient the x and y axes to agree with the silk screen lettering on the Olimex board If you want the default orientation send the data byte 0x08 instead Finally had to reverse the RGB color setting to get the color information to work properly You may want to experiment with this setting Memory access controller command 0x36 WriteSpiCommand MADCTL WriteSpiData 0xC8 0 mirror x and y reverse rgb found that setting the contrast varies from display to display You may want to try several different contrast data values and observe the results on the display Write contrast command 0x25 WriteSpiCommand SE
45. ixel mode is accomplished by sending the Color Interface Pixel Format command Ox3A followed by a single data byte containing the value 5 This encoding requires a Memory Write command and two subsequent data bytes to specify a single pixel The color information is encoded as 5 bits for RED 6 bits for GREEN and 5 bits for BLUE as shown in Figure 10 below 0 RAMWR command memory write 1 RIR R R R G G G Red 5 bits Green 6 bits Aee led e Figure10 Color encoding for 16 bits per pixel This pixel encoding is converted by the controller using a dithering technique to the 12 bit data for the pixel RAM The net effect is to give 65k color variations My view is that nobody is going to display the Mona Lisa on this tiny display so 16 bit color encoding would be rarely used did not include support for it in the driver software but you could easily add it if you desire Wrap Around and Auto Increment The wrap around feature is the cornerstone of the controller s design and it amazes me how many people ignored it in drawing rectangles and character fonts This feature allows you to efficiently draw a character or fill a box with just a simple loop taking advantage of the wrap around after writing the pixel in the last column and auto incrementing to the next row Remember how the pixel was addressed by defining a drawing box If you are planning to draw an 8 x 8 character font define the dra
46. lor rendition 4 bits red 4 bits green 4 bits blue 3 3 volts 9 bit SPI serial interface clock data signals The major irritant in using this display is identifying the graphics controller there are two possibilities Epson 51015600 or Philips PCF8833 The LCD display sold by the German Web Shop Jelu has a Leadis LDS176 controller but it is 100 compatible with the Philips PCF8833 So how do you tell which controller you have Some message boards have suggested that the LCD display be disassembled and the controller chip measured with a digital caliper well that s getting a bit extreme Here s what know The Olimex boards have both display controllers possible if the LCD has a GE 12 sticker on it it s a Philips PCF8833 If it has a GE 8 sticker it s an Epson controller The older Sparkfun 6100 displays were Epson their web site indicates that the newer ones are an Epson clone Sparkfun software examples sometimes refer to the Philips controller so the whole issue has become a bit murky The trading companies in Honk Kong have no idea what is inside the displays they are selling A Nokia 6100 display that purchased from Hong Kong a couple of weeks ago had the Philips controller was not happy with any of the driver software examples had inspected they all seemed to be mash ups collections of code snippets for both types of controllers mixed together None of these examples matched exactly the Philips PCF8833 User Manual
47. lumns rows num bytes per char 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 space 0x20 0x30 0x78 0x78 0x30 0x30 0x00 0x30 0x00 0x6C 0x6C 0x6C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 2 0 6 0 6 OxFE 6 6 0 6 0 00 0x18 0x3E 0x60 0x3C 0x06 0x7C 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x66 0x0C 0x18 0x33 0x63 0x00 0x1C 0x36 0x1C 0x3B O0x6E 0x66 0x3B 0x00 amp 0x30 0x30 0x60 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x18 0x0C 0x00 0x30 0x18 0x0C 0x0C 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x00 0 00 0 66 0 3 0x3C 0x66 0x00 0x00 p 0x00 0x30 0x30 0xFC 0x30 0x30 0x00 0x00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x30 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0x00 0 00 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x03 0x06 0x0C 0x18 0x30 0x60 0x40 0x00 forward slash Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x6B 0x63 0x63 0x3E 0x00 0 0x30 0x18 0x38 0x58 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x7E 0x00 1 0x3C 0x66 0x06 0x1C 0x30 0x66 0x7E 0x00 2 0x3C 0x66 0x06 0x1C 0x06 0x66 0x3C 0x00 21 3 OxOE Ox1E 0x36 0x66 0x7F 0x06 0x0F 0x00 4 0x7E 0x60 0x7C 0x06 0x06 0x66 0x3C 0x00 5 0x1C 0x30 0x60 0x7C 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x00 6 0x7E 0x66 0x06 0x0C 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x00 7 0x3C 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x00 8 0x3C 0x66 0x66 0x3E 0x06 0x0C 0x38 0x00 9 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x00 72 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x18 0x18 0x30
48. me as 2 dy dx while x0 x1 if fraction gt 0 yO stepy fraction dx same as fraction 2 dx x0 stepx fraction dy same as fraction 2 dy LCDSetPixel x0 color else 4 int fraction dx dy gt gt 1 while yl if fraction gt 0 x0 stepx fraction dy yO stepy fraction dx LCDSetPixel x0 color 2K OK 2K 2k OK PK K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K PK PK K K PK K OK K PK PK K OK PK 2E OK PK K PK K OK PK K K PK K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK OK K PK PE K OK K PK OK K K PK K OK K K K K OK OK K K OK PK K OK K OK K K OK K K OK LCDSetRect c Draws a rectangle in the specified color from x1 y1 to x2 y2 Rectangle can be filled with a color if desired row address 0 131 column address 0 131 0 no fill 1 fill entire rectangle 12 bit color value for lines rrrrggggbbbb rrrr 1111 full red Inputs x y fill color 0000 red is off gggg 1111 full green 0000 green is off bbbb 1111 full blue 0000 blue is off Returns nothing Notes The best way to fill a rectangle is to take advantage of the wrap around featute built into the Philips PCF8833 controller By defining a drawing box the memory can be simply filled by successive memory writes until all pixels have been illuminated 1 Given the coordinates of two opposing corners x0 x1 y1 calculate the minimums and maximums of the coordinates xmin xO
49. ne define define define define define define define define define define define define define define define NOP SWRESET BSTROFF BSTRON RDDIDIF RDDST SLEEPIN SLEEPOUT PTLON NORON INVOFF INVON DALO DAL SETCON DISPOFF DISPON CASET TCVOPAB TCVOPCD TCDF DF8COLOR SETBS RDTEMP NLI RDID1 RDID2 RDID3 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x09 0x10 0x11 0x12 0x13 0x20 0x21 0x22 0x23 0x25 0x28 0x29 0x2A 0x2B 0x2C 0x2D 0x30 0x33 0x34 0x35 0x36 0x37 0x38 0x39 0 OxBO 0xB4 OxB6 OxB9 OxBA OxBD OxBF 0xCO 0xC2 0xC3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0xC8 0xC9 OxDA OxDB 0xDC software reset booster voltage OFF booster voltage ON read display identification read display status sleep in sleep out partial display mode display normal mode inversion OFF inversion ON all pixel OFF all pixel ON write contrast display OFF display ON column address set page address set memory write colour set partial area vertical scrolling definition test mode test mode memory access control vertical scrolling start address idle mode OFF idle mode ON interface pixel format set Vop bottom row swap top row swap display control data order enable disable DF temperature compensation enable disable Vop temp comp internal or external oscillator set multiplication factor set TCVOP slope
50. nputs none Author P Lynch July 7 2007 ul 2K OK 3K 3K 3K OK OK OK 3K OK K OK OK 3K K K OK OK OK 3K OK OK OK 3K PK PK PK OK OK OK PK PK PE PK PK PE 3K PK PK OK K K PK PE K OK PK PK PK PK PK PE K OK OK OK OK PK PK PK K OK OK OK OK OK void LCDClearScreen void long dip loop counter Row address set command 0x2B WriteSpiCommand PASET WriteSpiData 0 WriteSpiData 131 Column address set command 0x2A WriteSpiCommand CASET WriteSpiData 0 WriteSpiData 131 set the display memory to BLACK WriteSpiCommand RAMWR i 0 i lt 131 131 2 i 4 WriteSpiData BLACK WriteSpiData BLACK WriteSpiData BLACK 3K 2K 2K OK 2K OK 2K OK 2K OK 2K K OK K 2K K OK 2K OK 2K OK K OK 2K OK 2K 2K OK 2K 2K OK 2K OK K OK 2K OK 2K OK 2K K OK 2K K 2K OK 2K OK 2K OK 2K K OK 2K OK OK 2K OK 2K OK K OK 2K OK 2K OK K OK kK OK kK KKK K LCDSetXY c Sets the Row and Column addresses Inputs X row address 0 131 column address 0 131 Returns nothing Author James P Lynch July 7 2007 2K OK 2K 2K OK PK OK K SK PK K OK PK K OK K K PK K K PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K K PK K PK K OK PK K PK 2K K OK K K OK K PK PK K OK K OK OK K SK PE K OK K SK OK K K PK K OK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K void LCDSetXY int x int y Row address set command 0 2 WriteSpiCommand PASET WriteSpiData x
51. ow live in Florida and Nevada He has two brothers one is a Viet Nam veteran in Hollywood Florida and the other is the Bishop of St Petersburg also in Florida Jim plays the guitar search for lynchzila on youtube com enjoys woodworking and hopes to write a book very soon that will teach students and hobbyists how to use these high powered ARM microcontrollers Lynch can be reached via e mail at lynchO07 gmail com
52. r amp OxFF else best way to draw un unfilled rectangle is to draw four lines LCDSetLine x0 x1 color LCDSetLine xO yl x1 y1 color LCDSetLine x0 x0 yl color LCDSetLine x1 y0 x1 yl color 2K OK 2K 2K OK PK K OK K SK PK K OK K K OK K K PK K PK PK K OK K K K K OK PK K OK PK K PK K OK PK K OK PK K K K K OK K OK PK K OK K OK PK K K PE K OK K PK PK K K PK K OK K K OK K K PK K OK K PK OK K K OK K OK PK 2K LCDSetCircle c Draws line in the specified color at center x0 y0 with radius Inputs x0 row address 0 131 column address 0 131 radius radius in pixels color 12 bit color value rrrrggggbbbb Returns nothing Author Jack Bresenham IBM Winthrop University Father of this algorithm 1962 Note taken verbatim Wikipedia article on Bresenham s line algorithm http www wikipedia org 2K OK KK K K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K K K K OK K OK K K K K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K OK OK FK K K K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K OK OK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK K 2K void LCDSetCircle int x0 int yO int radius int color int f 1 radius int ddF x 0 int ddF y 2 radius int x 0 int y radius LCDSetPixel x0 radius color LCDSetPixel x0 radius color LCDSetPixel x0 radius color LCDSetPixel x0 radius color While x
53. s A and B set TCVOP slopes c and d set divider frequency set divider frequency 8 color mode set bias system temperature read back n line inversion read 101 read ID2 read ID3 backlight control define BKLGHT LCD ON 1 define BKLGHT LCD OFF 2 Booleans define NOFILL 0 define FILL 1 12 bit color definitions define WHITE OxFFF define BLACK 0x000 define RED 0 00 define GREEN 0xOFO0 define BLUE 0x00F define CYAN OxOFF define MAGENTA OxFOF define YELLOW OxFFO define BROWN 0xB22 define ORANGE OxFAO define PINK OxF6A Font sizes define SMALL 0 define MEDIUM 1 define LARGE 2 hardware definitions define SPI SR TXEMPTY define LCD RESET LOW define LCD RESET HIGH pPIOA PIO CODR gt SODR mask definitions define BITO 0x00000001 Zdefine 1 0x00000002 define 2 0x00000004 define 0x00000008 define BIT4 0x00000010 define 5 0x00000020 define BIT6 0x00000040 define 7 0x00000080 define 8 0x00000100 define 9 0x00000200 define BIT10 0x00000400 define 11 0x00000800 define 12 0x00001000 define BIT13 0x00002000 define BIT14 0x00004000 define 15 0x00008000 define 16 0x00010000 define 17 0x00020000 define BIT18 0x00040000 define 19 0x00080000 define BIT20 0x00100000 define 21 0x00200000 define 22 0x00400000 define 23 0x00800000 define BIT
54. sed LCD Reset set to low to reset PA12 PA16 PA17 PA18 PB20 backlight control Author 011 James P Lynch July 7 2007 normally PWM control 1 full on 2K OK 2K 2K OK PK K OK K SK PK K OK PK K OK K PK PK K K PK K OK PK K PK K OK PK K OK K K PK K PK PK K K PK 2k OK K K K K PK PK K OK K PK OK K PK PK K OK K SK OK K K PK K OK K K OK K K PK K OK K K OK K K OK K OK PK K OK PK K OK 2K OK OK id InitSpi void Pin PB20 used for LCD BL backlight Set PB20 to HIGH backlight under PWM control this will turn it full on pPIOB gt PIO OER BIT20 Configure PB20 as output pPIOB gt PIO SODR BIT20 Pin PA2 used for LCD RESET pPIOA PIO OER BIT2 Configure PA2 as output pPIOA PIO SODR BIT2 Set PA2 to HIGH Pin PA2 used for pPIOA gt PIO OER pPIOA PIO SODR CS LCD chip select BIT12 BIT12 Set PA12 to HIGH assert LCD Reset low then high to reset the controller Configure PA12 as output assert CS LCD low to enable transmission Disable the following pins from PIO control will be used instead by the SPIO peripheral Peripheral A Disable Register Disable PIO control Peripheral A Select Register all 4 bits are in PIOA BIT12 PA12 SPIO NPCSO chip select BIT16 16 gt SPIO MISO Master In Slave Out not used in LCD interface 17 PA17 gt SPIO MOSI Master Out Slave In pin Serial Data to LCD slave 18
55. te we do two pixels each loop Mask 0x80 for j 0 j lt nCols j 2 4 if pixel bit set use foreground color else use the background color now get the pixel color for two successive pixels if PixelRow amp Mask 0 WordO bColor else WordO fColor Mask Mask gt gt 1 if PixelRow amp Mask 0 Wordl bColor else Wordl fColor Mask Mask gt gt 1 use this information to output three data bytes WriteSpiData WordO gt gt 4 amp OxFF WriteSpiData WordO amp OxF lt lt 4 1 gt gt 8 amp OxF WriteSpiData Wordl amp OxFF terminate the Write Memory command WriteSpiCommand NOP KK K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K LCDPutStr c Draws a null terminates character string at the specified x y address size and color Inputs pString pointer to character string to be displayed X row address 0 131 y column address 0 131 Size font pitch SMALL MEDIUM LARGE fColor 12 bit foreground color value rrrrggggbbbb bColor 12 bit background color value rrrrggggbbbb Returns nothing Notes Here s an example to display Hello World at address 20 20 LCDPutChar Hello World 20 20 LARGE WHITE BLACK Author James P Lynch July 7 2007 KK K K OK PK K OK K SK PK
56. troller chip Assume that we position the character at 20 20 that s a row col specification With the row and column address set commands you can specify an 8x8 box for the SMALL and MEDIUM characters or a 16x8 box for the LARGE characters WriteSpiCommand PASET set the row drawing limits WriteSpiData 20 WriteSpiData 27 limit rows to 20 27 WriteSpiCommand CASET set the column drawing limits WriteSpiData 20 WriteSpiData 27 limit columns to 20 27 When the algorithm completes col 27 the column address wraps back to 20 At the same time the row address increases by one this is done by the controller We walk through each row two pixels at a time The purpose is to create three data bytes representing these two pixels in the following format as specified by Philips for RGB 4 4 4 format see page 62 of PCF8833 controller manual Data for pixel 0 RRRRGGGGBBBB Data for Pixel 1 RRRRGGGGBBBB WriteSpiCommand start a memory write 96 data bytes to follow WriteSpiData RRRRGGGG first pixel red and green data WriteSpiData BBBBRRRR first pixel blue data second pixel red data WriteSpiData GGGGBBBB second pixel green and blue data and so on until all pixels displayed WriteSpiCommand NOP this will terminate the RAMWR command Author James P Lynch July 7 2007 KK 2K 2K OK PE K OK 2K OK PK K OK OK K OK K K PK K FK PK K OK K K PK K OK PK K K PK K OK K
57. which can be downloaded from this link http www nxp com acrobat download datasheets PCF8833 1 pdf So set out to write a driver based solely on the LCD controller manufacturer s manual This is not to say that didn t have my own mysteries had to invert the entire display and reverse the RGB order to get the colors to work out properly To keep this tutorial simple will address only the Philips PCF8833 LCD controller that is on the Olimex boards that have the GE 12 sticker on the LCD will not address the issues of scrolling or partial displays to conserve power since these are rarely used features used the Olimex SAM7 EX256 evaluation board as the execution platform This is an ARM7 board with many peripherals that is an excellent way to learn about the ARM architecture at a reasonable price 120 from Sparkfun also used the YAGARTO Eclipse platform as the cross development system which is explained in great detail in my tutorial Using Open Source Tools for AT91SAM7 Cross Development which can be downloaded from the following link http www atmel com dyn resources prod documents atmel tutorial source zip Hardware connection issues are also not the subject of this tutorial you can download the Olimex schematic for the SAM7 EX256 to see their design for a hardware interface to the Nokia 6100 LCD display LCD Display Orientation The Nokia 6100 display has 132 x 132 pixels each one with 12 bit color 4 bits RED 4
58. wing box as 8 x 8 and do a simple loop on 64 successive pixels The row and column addresses will automatically increment and wrap back when you come to the end of a row as shown in Figure 11 below The rules for Auto incrementing and Wrap Around are as follows Set the column and row address to the bottom left of the drawing box Set up a loop to do all the pixels in the box Specifically since three data bytes will specify the color for two pixels the loop will typically iterate over the number of pixels Writing three memory bytes will illuminate two pixels 12 bit resolution Each pixel written automatically advances the column address When the column address pixel is done the column address wraps back to the column starting address AND the row address increments by one Now keep writing memory bytes until the next row is illuminated and so on Figure 11 shows the traversal of the drawing box 131 0 131 131 Hows 8x8 box of Pixels at 4 2 to 11 9 0 0 0 131 Columns Figure 11 Drawing Box permits auto increment and wrap around To illustrate this technique Figure 12 shows the code to fill an 8 x 8 box shown above Note that we set the row and column address just once pointing to the lower left corner Then we do a single Memory Write command followed by three data bytes done 33 times The grand total is 106 SPI transmissions Compare that to the implementation where you address
59. x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7F 0x33 0x31 0x34 0x3C 0x34 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x78 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox1E 0x33 0x61 0x60 0x60 Ox6F 0x63 0x63 0x37 09 10 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x7F 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3C 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x3C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0F 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x06 0x66 0x66 0x3C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x73 0x33 0x36 0x36 0x3C 0x36 0x36 0x33 0x33 0x73 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x78 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x31 0x33 0x7F 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x77 0x7F Ox6B 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x63 0x63 0x73 0x7B 0x7F Ox6F 0x67 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x1C 0x36 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x36 0x1C 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7E 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x3E 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x30 0x78 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x63 0x6B Ox6F Ox3E 0x06 0x07 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x7E 0x33 0x33 0x33 0x3E 0x36 0x36 0x33 0x33 0x73 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Ox3E 0x63 0x63 0x30 0x1C 0x06 0x03 0x63 0x63 Ox3E 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 OxFF OxDB 0x99 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x18 0x3C 0x0
60. y if f gt 0 ddF y 2 f ddF y X ddF_x 2 f ddF_x 1 LCDSetPixel x0 x y color LCDSetPixel x0 x y color LCDSetPixel x0 x y color LCDSetPixel x0 x y0 y color LCDSetPixel x0 y yO x color LCDSetPixel x0 yO x color LCDSetPixel x0 y yO x color LCDSetPixel x0 x color 2K OK 2K 2K OK K K OK K 2K K K OK OK K OK K K K K FK OK K OK K K OK K OK OK K OK K K OK K OK OK K OK 2K K OK K K OK K OK K K OK K OK OK K K K OK K OK OK K K OK K OK K OK K K OK K OK K K LCDPutChar c Draws an ASCII character at the specified x y address and color Inputs C character to be displayed X row address 0 131 y column address 0 131 size font pitch SMALL MEDIUM LARGE fcolor 12 bit foreground color value rrrrggggbbbb bcolor 12 bit background color value rrrrggggbbbb Returns nothing Notes Here s an example to display E at address 20 20 LCDPutChar E 20 20 MEDIUM WHITE BLACK 27 20 27 27 48 4 d 4 4 4 0x1 9 0 x 4545 4 0 27 4 Pel OS 4 4 4 4 8 OX7F 0x00 Y gt 20 20 20 27 The most efficient way to display a character is to make use of the wrap around feature of the Philips PCF8833 LCD con
61. y To address a single pixel just specify the same location for the starting pixel and the ending pixel on each axis For example to specify a single pixel at 2 7 use the following sequence WriteSpiCommand PASET Row address set command 0x2B WriteSpiData 2 starting x address WriteSpiData 2 ending x address same as start WriteSpiCommand CASET Column address set command 0x2A WriteSpiData 7 starting y address WriteSpiData 7 ending y address same as start To address a rectangular area of pixels just specify the starting location and the ending location on each axis as shown below For example to define a drawing rectangle from 4 3 to 11 9 use the following sequence WriteSpiCommand PASET Row address set command 0x2B WriteSpiData 4 starting x address WriteSpiData 11 ending x address WriteSpiCommand CASET Column address set command 0 2 WriteSpiData 3 starting y address WriteSpiData 9 ending y address Once the drawing boundaries have been established either a single pixel or a rectangular group of pixels any subsequent memory operations are confined to that boundary For instance if you try write more pixels than defined by the boundaries the extra pixels are discarded by the controller 12 Bit Color Data The Philips PCF8833 LCD controller has three different ways to specify a pixel s color 1 12 bits per pixel native mode Selection of the n
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