Design And Implementation Of ARM Microcontroller Based
Contents
1. Car Info 35 psi B Fig 8 Application for pressure and temperature monitoring system D Automatic windshield wiping system When the rainfall begins the wiper should automatically starts function It cleans the windshield and avoids driver intention while driving In this existing system the wiper motor should start wiping based on the intensity of rain inorder to avoid driver intension The rainfall can be classified as drizzling normal rainfall and heavy rainfall If it is drizzling the wiper motor functions very slowly If it is normal rainfall it should wipe at normal speed If it is heavy rainfall it should wipe very fast The humidity sensor 14 is placed outside the vehicle to monitor amount of air present in the atmosphere Three threshold value is fixed for the classification of rain If the power window is Opened when drizzling or normal rain or heavy rain it should slide up automatically The sensor used here is SHT25 humidity sensor The humidity sensor is connected to port P0 30 ie pin no 33 Copyright to IJIRSET This pin is ADC ie AIN3 The wiper operate automatically using PWM signal by speed control IC The wiper motor used is 12v 5W DC motor and it is mounted below the windshield The wiper is connected to the wiper motor and it slide over the windshield E Implementation of CAN bus The CAN bus is implemented between the two nodes of LPC2129 The CAN bus is implemented to avoid voltage drop2. ISSN Online 2319 8753 ISSN Print 2347 6710 IJIRSET International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology Volume 3 Special I ssue 3 March 2014 2014 International Conference on Innovations in Engineering and Technology ICIET 14 On 21 amp March Organized by K L N College of Engineering Madurai Tamil Nadu India Design and Implementation of ARM Microcontroller Based Vehicle Monitoring and Controlling System Using Controller Area Network CAN Protocol 1 Sathya Narayanan P Ms Monica P Suresh a Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Saveetha Engineering College Chennai India 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Saveetha Engineering College Chennai India ABSTRACT Controller Area Network CAN bus is a vehicle bus standard which is designed to allow microcontrollers and other electronic devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle without a host computer CAN bus is a message based protocol designed specifically for automotive applications but it is also used in other areassuch as aerospace maritime industrial automation and medical equipment CAN is a standard protocol for efficient and reliable communication between sensor actuator controller and other nodes in real time applications This project is aimed at the implementation of CAN protocol using ARM Microcontroller for vehicle monitoring and controlling syst
3. This adsorption creates a potential difference on the element which is conveyed to the processor unit through output pins in form of current TJA1050 high speed CAN transceiver The pin diagram of TJA1040T is shown in the fig 1 Copyright to IJIRSET www ijirset com 713 M R Thansekhar and N Balaji Eds ICIET 14 Design And Implementation Of ARM Microcontroller Based Vehicle Monitoring And Controlling System Using Controller Area Network CAN Protocol Sensor cap Sensor base Sensing material eg SnO2 Heater Electrode Sensing element Fig 2 Working principle of Gas sensor The gas sensor used here is MQ 6 It is sensitive to carbon monoxide LPG butane propane etc MQ 6 has 6 pin In this 4 pin is used to fetch signal and 2 pins are used for providing heat Gas sensor output voltage is connected to LM358 If V gt V then the output voltage is high and the LED connected to the output is ON If V lt V then the output voltage is low and LED is OFF Its maximum smoke level is 2000 ppm and minimum smoke level that it can able to detect is 200 ppm MQ 6 response time is less than or equal to 10 second D PIR sensor A Passive InfraRed sensor PIR sensor is an electronic device that measures infrared IR light radiating from objects in its field of view 10 PIR sensors are often used in the construction of PIR based motion detectors The working principle of PIR sensor is shown in the fig 3 A
4. A Design for Automotive CAN Bus Monitoring System IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference VPPC pp 1 5 2008 Jong Man Jeon Dae Won Kim Hong Seok Kim Yong Jo Cho Beom Hee Lee An analysis of network based control system using CAN controller area network protocol Robotics and Automation 2001 Proceeding 2001 ICRA IEEE Internation Conference pp 3577 3581 4 2001 TJA1040 High speed CAN tranceiver datasheet Hui Hu Design and Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring Based on GPS GSM GIS Inteligent Information Technology Application pp 278 281 3 2009 Andrew N SLOSS Dominic SYMES Chris WRIGHT ARM System Developers Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software ISBN 1 55860 874 5 Elsevier Books LPC2119 2129 2194 2292 2294 User manual Philips Semiconductor MQ 6 Gas sensor datasheet BISS0001 Micro power PIR motion detector IC datasheet Stuart R Ball Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors Real World Design ISBN 0 7506 7723 6 Elsevier Books Hasan N N Implementation of Tire Pressure Monitoring System with Wireless Communication Communications Computing and Control Applications CCCA pp 1 4 2011 MPXY8300 Tire Pressure Monitor Sensor Product Specification datasheet Ka C Cheok Kobayashi K Scaccia S Scaccia G A Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Automatic Windshield Wiper IEEE Control Systems pp 28 34 6 1996 M R Thansekhar and N Balaji Eds ICIET 14 ww
5. in transmitting the signal to microcontroller The acquired data is transmitted at a speed of 1 Mbps In the first node of LPC2129 pin no 10 ie TD1 is CAN1 transmitter output This pin is 5V tolerant with built in pull up This TD1 of first node LPC2129 is connected to RD1 of second node LPC2129 ie pin no 9 port P0 25 RD1 is CAN receiver input Similarly TD1 of second node is connected to RD1 of first node This connection is implemented and the data that is framed is transmitted and received F Prioritization of parameter In this monitoring and controlling system each and every parameter is prioritized When it is raining the power window should slide up automatically Meanwhile the concentration of CO goes beyond 300 ppm parts per million the power window should slide down just 3 inch of it It is not that all four power window should slide down automatically The PIR senor is fixed above each and every seat If human is detected in a seat then the corresponding power window should slide down automatically In this situation high priority is give to CO monitoring system IV ConcLusion The parameter in a vehicle is monitored and necessary control has been made for each parameter by using CAN protocol The concentration of Carbon Monoxide CO is maintained below 300 ppm to avoid breathing problem while inside the vehicle The load inside the vehicle is maintained below 1000 kg to avoid the reduction in efficiency o
6. Implementation Of ARM Microcontroller Based Vehicle Monitoring And Controlling System Using Controller Area Network CAN Protocol G LCD The LCD used here is 16 X 2 In this LCD concentration of CO presence of human weight inside the vehicle using load cell pressure inside the tire and environment humidity These parameters are displayed in LCD to know the status inside the vehicle LPC2129 continously sends the monitored commands and data to LCD Ill MPLEMENTATION AND WORKING OF CAN BASED MONITORING AND CONTROLLING SYSTEM The below block diagram Fig 7 shows the implementation and working of CAN based monitoring and controlling system 2 ico a or Gas sensor Load cell Humidity sensor Control to 4 Vehicle ignition mechanism ab LPC2129 Automatic windshield Pressure sensor PIR Sensor Fig 7 Block Diagram of monitoring and controlling system In this system the different parameters such as CO level load inside the vehicle pressure inside the tire and environment humidity is monitoring These parameters are implemented using CAN Bus This monitoring system consist of two nodes and are connect by CAN Bus 8 The various sensor used here are gas sensor PIR Sensor load cell pressure sensor humidity sensor The two nodes are ARM microcontroller which uses LPC2129 series The gas sensor load cell pressure sensor and humidity sensor are connected
7. be 0 to 8 bytes The remote frame is used by the receiving unit to request transmission of a message from the transmitting unit It consists of six fields start of frame arbitration field control field CRC field ACK field and end of frame field A remote frame is the same as a data frame except that it lacks a data field Error frames are generated and transmitted by the CAN hardware and are 712 M R Thansekhar and N Balaji Eds ICIET 14 Design And Implementation Of ARM Microcontroller Based Vehicle Monitoring And Controlling System Using Controller Area Network CAN Protocol used to indicate when an error has occurred during transmission An error frame consists of an error flag and an error delimiter There are two types of error flags They are active and passive The active error flag consists of 6 dominant bits and passive error flag consists of 6 recessive bits The error delimiter consists of 8 recessive bits The overload frame is used by the receiving unit to indicate that it is not yet ready to receive frames This frame consists of an overload flag and an overload delimiter The overload flag consists of 6 dominant bits and has the same structure as the active error flag of the error frame The overload delimiter consists of 8 recessive bits and has the same structure as the error delimiter of the error frame ll HARDWARE A LPC2129 The LPC2129 is based on a 16 32 bit ARM7TDMI S CPU 8 with real time emula
8. c to humans and animals when encountered in high concentration To avoid this problem in a vehicle CO sensor is fixed inside the vehicle and the concentration of CO or other gases apart from oxygen is continuously monitored and displayed in LCD The gas sensor MQ 6 is connected to port P0 27 ie pin no 23 This pin is ADC ie AINO The acquired concentration value is converted to a digital voltage and it is displayed in LCD The acquired data is sent to the data bits of DO D7 ie port P1 18 to P1 25 Whenever the concentration of CO reached 300 pom the side mirror windows should slide down When the fresh air gets accumulated inside the vehicle the mirror windows should slide up automatically For sliding down the mirror the DC motor should rotate anticlockwise and for sliding up mirror the DC motor should rotate clockwise PIR sensor should fixed inside the vehicle and it is monitored continuously If human is present inside the vehicle the mirror should slide down fully If human is not present inside the vehicle the mirror should slide down 3 inch of it and when the fresh air get accumulated inside the vehicle the mirror should slide up automatically PIR sensor is connected to port P0 6 ie pin 68 PIR sensor detects the presence of human and it is displayed in LCD B Load balancing Load Cell detects the load level inside the vehicle and does not start the vehicle once the load exceeds Heavy load inside the veh
9. e system is different For example the rate of engine control system and automatic braking system is high speed of real time control fashion of 125Kbps to 1M bps While the rate of movement adjustment is low speed with transmission rate of 10 to 125K bps Others like multimedia systems use medium speed rate between the previous two This approach differentiates various channels and increases the transmission efficiency A CAN bus is terminated to minimize signal reflections on the bus The ISO 11898 requires that the bus has a characteristic impedance of 120 ohms The bus can be terminated by one of the following methods Standard termination split termination biased split termination There are basically four message frames in CAN data remote error and overload The data and remote frames need to be set by the user The other two are set by the CAN hardware The data frame is in two formats Standard having an 11 bit ID and extended having a 29 bit ID The data frame is used by the transmitting device to send data to the receiving device and the data frame is the most important frame handled by the user A standard data frame starts with the start of frame SOF bit which is followed by an 11 bit identifier and the remote transmission request RTR bit The identifier and the RTR form the 12 bit arbitration field The control field is 6 bits wide and indicates how many bytes of data are in the data field The data field can
10. em The main feature is to monitor various parameters such as presence of CO level load balancing pressure level and humidity In this each sensed parameter is prioritized and gives the appropriate output to do the specified task The program is compiled in KEIL wuvision3 using Embedded C Hardware is implemented and software porting is done KEYWORDS Controller Area Network CAN protocol CO level Load cell Tire Pressure Monitoring System TPMS Automatic windshield mechanism KEIL compiler ARM Microcontroller I INTRODUCTION Controller Area Network CAN 1 was initially created by German automotive system supplier Robert Bosch in the mid 1980s for automotive applications as a method for enabling robust serial communication Thereafter CAN was standardized as ISO 11898 and ISO 11519 establishing itself as the standard protocol for in vehicle networking in the auto industry By networking the electronics in vehicles with CAN however they could be controlled from a central point By this it could increase the functionality add modularity and makes diagnostic process more efficient CAN bus can transfer the serial data one by one CAN bus subsystems are accessible via the control unit on the Copyright to IJIRSET www ijirset com CAN bus interface for sending and receiving data CAN bus is a multi channel transmission system When a unit fails it does not affect others The data transfer rate of CAN bus in a vehicl
11. f an engine limitation in speed and number of death if an accident occur The pressure and temperature of a tire is monitored continuously and its threshold value is maintained If it is below the threshold value then the nearby service station is tracked using GPS The amount of water present in the atmosphere is monitored and the wiper motor functions based on the intensity of rain using PWM signal The sensors used are CO sensor PIR sensor load Cell pressure sensor and humidity sensor The different parameters are monitored using these sensor and are displayed in LCD A closed loop control has been made for these parameters and each parameters are prioritized REFERENCES 1 Presi T P Design And Development Of PIC Microcontroller Based Vehicle Monitoring System Using Controller Area Network CAN Protocol Information Communication and Embedded Systems ICICES pp 1070 1076 2013 www ijirset com 717 M R Thansekhar and N Balaji Eds ICIET 14 Design And Implementation Of ARM Microcontroller Based Vehicle Monitoring And Controlling System Using Controller Area Network CAN Protocol 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Copyright to IJIRSET Piao Chang hao Chen Lu Cao Ju A Design for Controller Area Network Bus Real Time Monitoring System Computer Science and Network Technology ICCSNT pp 1621 1624 3 2011 Renjun Li Chu Liu and Feng Luo
12. icle the efficiency of an engine gets reduced and the speed of the vehicle gets reduced This load cell is placed in between the suspension and the weight inside the vehicle gets monitored 716 M R Thansekhar and N Balaji Eds ICIET 14 Design And Implementation Of ARM Microcontroller Based Vehicle Monitoring And Controlling System Using Controller Area Network CAN Protocol Initially the load cell is powered The load inside the vehicle is monitored continuously and displayed in LCD A threshold value is fixed and if it reaches above the threshold value the ignition should not happen ie the supply from battery to ignition switch is controlled by relay We cant able to start the vehicle If it is within the threshold value the ignition happens The load cell used here is single point load cell and it is connected to port P0 28 ie ADC pin of AIN1 C Wireless tire monitoring system The pressure and temperature of tire is monitored continuously by MPXY8300 sensor and it is transmitter to the second node of LPC2129 The monitored pressure and temperature are displayed in LCD 12 When the pressure gets reduced in any of 4 wheels then which tire has got puncture is displayed in LCD and nearby vehicle service station is tracked using GPS 6 An application should be opened automatically in a display which is available in dashboard as shown in the fig 8 The sensor 13 is connected to the ADC pin of AIN2 ie P0 29 pin no 32
13. is typically located as a valve mounted stem in the tire The TPMS warns when one or more tires becomes25 under inflated This can lead to decreased vehicle handling risk of hydroplaning diminished braking performance uneven tire wear and shortened tire life Rotating tires without resetting the TPMS system will set trouble codes trigger the warning light TPMS sensor can fail due to road hazard damage over tightening using an improper valve core electronic failure and sensor battery discharge Every tire rotation or replacement requires a sensor releam procedure Sensors within the tire or on the vehicle send information to one or several modules in the vehicle These modules are programmed with a range of acceptable circumstances For direct tire pressure monitoring this is often between 28 and 35 pounds per square inch psi of air in the tire Many factors affect tire pressure including ambient temperature changes and tire damage such as punctures Tire pressure drops about 1 psi for every 10 degrees F drop in ambient temperature Additionally tires lose as much as 1 5 psi per month as air escapes the tire and rim naturally Tire pressure monitoring systems continuously monitor the pressure in the tires through sensors located in the tires direct system or the use of wheel speed and other vehicle sensors indirect system The information collected by the sensors is transmitted to an on board controller that interprets the sen
14. lls of one strain gauge quarter bridge or two strain gauges half bridge are also available The electrical signal output is typically in the order of a few millivolts and requires amplification by an instrumentation amplifier before it can be used The output of the transducer is plugged into an algorithm to calculate the force applied to the transducer The wiring of load cell consist of four wires Plus one cable shielding optional is shown in the fig 4 The wires are as below The RED BLACK are usually given DC excitation voltage While the GREEN WHITE are taken as sensing output The load cell is connected to ADC Analog to Digital Converter pin and it is configured The amount of load that is accumulated in the vehicle is displayed in LCD 11 www ijirset com 714 M R Thansekhar and N Balaji Eds ICIET 14 Design And Implementation Of ARM Microcontroller Based Vehicle Monitoring And Controlling System Using Controller Area Network CAN Protocol Red Excitation Green Signal Black Excitation White Signal _1 lt amp Shiela yellow Not connected at block load cell Fig 4 Wiring diagram of Load cell F Pressure sensor A Tire Pressure Monitoring System TPMS is a safety device that measures identifies and warns the driver when one or more tires is significantly under inflated Each sensor transmits air pressure and sensor location to the vehicle s computer The TPMS sensor
15. pparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature such as a human passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature such as a wall When a warm body like a human or animal passes by it first intercepts one half of the PIR sensor which causes a positive differential change between the two halves When the warm body leaves the sensing area the reverse happens whereby the sensor generates a negative differential change These change pulses are what is detected Copyright to IJIRSET Sensing eleme Lead wire PINS 1 2 ON A HORIZONTAL PLANE FRESNEL LENS DETECTING AREA HEAT SOURCE MOVEMENT 404 Fig 3 Working principle of PIR sensor OUTPUT SIGNAL The PIR sensor used here is BISSO001 It can detect the range upto 20 feet ie 6 meter The output current produced is 10 mA The operating temperature is from 20 C to 70 C The PIR sensor is connected to GPIO General Purpose Input Output port of LPC2129 E Load cell A load cell is a transducer that is used to convert a force into electrical signal This conversion is indirect and happens in two stages Through a mechanical arrangement the force being sensed deforms a strain gauge The strain gauge measures the deformation strain as an electrical signal because the strain changes the effective electrical resistance of the wire A load cell usually consists of four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration Load ce
16. r The TJA1040 is the next step up from the Fig 1 Pin Diagram of TJA1040 The TJA1040 provides two modes of operation which are selectable via pin STB In normal mode the transceiver is able to transmit and receive data via the bus lines CANH and CANL The differential receiver converts the analog data on the bus lines into digital data which is output to pin RXD via the multiplexer MUX The slope of the output signals on the bus lines is fixed and optimized in a way that lowest Electro Magnetic Emission EME is guaranteed In standby mode the transmitter and receiver are switched off and the low power differential receiver will monitor the bus lines A HIGH level on pin STB activates this low power receiver and the wake up filter and after tgus the state of the CAN bus is reflected on pin RXD The supply current on Vcc is reduced to a minimum in such a way that Electro Magnetic Immunity EMI is guaranteed and a wake up event on the bus lines will be recognized C Gas sensor In current technology scenario monitoring of gases produced is very important 9 From home appliances such as air conditioners to electric chimneys and safety systems at industries monitoring of gases is very crucial Gas sensors are very important part of such systems The working principle of gas sensor is shown in the fig 2 When a gas interacts with this sensor it is first ionized into its constituents and is then adsorbed by the sensing element
17. sor signals and warns the Copyright to IJIRSET driver when tire pressure is below the minimum acceptable level by illuminating a warning lamp The pressure sensor used here is MPXY8300 series 13 shown in the below diagram It is a 20 pin sensor to monitor tire pressure and temperature It has 4 channel 10 bit analog to digital converter It has internal 315 434 MHz RF transmitter The pressure sensor is connected to ADC Analog to Digital Converter pin and it is configured The amount of pressure and temperature that is accumulated in the tire is displayed in LCD PTAS PTAG 11 RESET Fig 5 Pin diagram of MPXY8300 Humidity sensor This sensor helps to determine the amount of water vapour present in the air When the rainfall begins the wiper should start functioning automatically and wipe out the water present in the windshield In this existing system the windshield should function based on the intensity of rainfall The intensity of rain can be classified as drizzling low rainfall heavy rainfall Based on the intensity of rain the speed of the wiper motor is adjusted The humidity sensor used here is SHT25 shown in the fig 6 The humidity range is that it can able to detect is O to 100 RH Relative Humidity It operates at the temperature of 40 C to 125 C NC No internal connection Fig 6 Pin diagram of SHT25 www ijirset com 715 M R Thansekhar and N Balaji Eds ICIET 14 Design And
18. tion and embedded trace support together with 128 256 kilobytes kB of embedded high speed flash memory A 128 bit wide internal memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture enable 32 bit code execution at maximum clock rate For critical code size applications the alternative 16 bit Thumb Mode reduces code by more than 30 with minimal performance penalty With their comapct 64 and 144 pin packages low power consumption various 32 bit timers combination of 4 channel 10 bit ADC and 2 4 advanced CAN channels or 8 channel 10 bit ADC and 2 4 advanced CAN channels 64 and 144 pin packages respectively and up to 9 external interrupt pins these microcontrollers are particularly suitable for industrial control medical systems access control and point of sale Number of available GPIOs goes up to 46 in 64 pin package In 144 pin packages number of available GPIOs tops 76 with external memory in use through 112 single chip application It operates on dual power supply The CPU operating voltage range of 1 65V to 1 95V 1 8V 8 3 The I O power supply range of 3 0V to 3 6V 3 3V 10 B CAN Tranceiver The TJA1040 5 is the interface between the Controller Area Network CAN protocol controller and the physical bus It is primarily intended for high speed applications up to 1 Mbps in passenger cars The device provides differential transmit capability to the bus and differential receive capability to the CAN controlle
19. to ADC The ADC converts the analog values to digital and it is displayed in LCD PIR sensor is connected directly to a GPIO port The values are transferred to the second node and it is displayed in a LCD Here the CAN Bus transmit the acquired data at a speed of 1 Mbps The communication between each parameter with the help of CAN bus can be made through the layers of OSI model It includes the data link layer and the physical layer of the OSI reference model The data link layer Copyright to IJIRSET Sliding glass window mechanism wiging system www ijirset com consists of logical link control LLC and medium access control MAC LLC manages the overload notification acceptance filtering and recovery management MAC manages the data encapsulation frame coding error detection and serialization de serialization of data The physical layer consists of physical signaling layer PSL physical medium attachment PMA and medium dependent interface MDI PSL manages the bit encoding decoding and bit timing PMA manages the _ driver receiver characteristics and MDI is the connections and wires A CO level monitoring system If the air conditioner is not serviced or maintained properly and if the filter is not cleaned regularly definitely there will be a leakage from air conditioner This leakage may be of CO Normally Carbon Monoxide is colourless odourless and tasteless gas that is slightly less than air It is toxi
20. w ijirset com 718
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