Debugging the Linux® Kernel using the CodeWarrior™ IDE for
Contents
1. vmlinux Thread 0x401AAB54 O x File Edit Search Project Debug Data Linux Tools Window Help S oa l epuidie NS Ab local variables f void default_idle void local_irq_disable while need_resched This stop will re enable interrupts _asm__ stop 0x2000 ce local_irq_ disable local_irq enable void idle void default_idle 3 As an example set a breakpoint in the process creation module of the Linux kernel do_fork at fork c to break when the operating system is creating a process A red dot appears next to the line of code where the breakpoint is set fork c 5 x File Edit Search Project Debug Tools Window Help gt a Path home ogueta Itib m5329 rpm BUILD linux 2 6 16 kernel fork c Ok this is the main fork routine It copies the process and if successful kick starts it and waits for it to finish using the VM if required y long do_fork unsigned long clone_flags unsigned long stack_start struct pt_regs regs unsigned long stack_size int _user parent_tidptr int _ user child_tidptr struct task_struct p int trace 0 long pid alloc_pidmap if pid lt 0 return EAGAIN if unlikely current gt ptrace trace fork_traceflag clone_flags if trace clone_flags CLONE_PTRACE E p copy_process clone_flags stack_start regs stack_size parent_tidy Do this prior waking up the new t2. Build a boot loader option 4 Under Bootloader choice select Build dBUG bootloader ootloader choice Build dBUG bootloader gt 5 Select the Configure the kernel option This tells the kernel configuration screen to launch after the LTIB configuration is done Page 7 of 19 freescale semiconductor Technical Note 6 Select the Leave the sources after building option Arrow keys navigate the menu lt Enter gt selects submenus gt Highlighted letters are hotkeys Pressing lt Y gt selectes a feature while lt N gt will exclude a feature Press lt Esc gt lt Esc gt to exit lt gt for Help Legend feature is selected feature is excluded uild a boot loader ootloader choice Build dBUG bootloader gt Choose your Kernel ernel Linux 2 6 22 ucl gt lways rebuild the kernel nelude kernel headers linux 2 6 22 config ernel preconfig onfigure the kernel 1 Leave the sources after buildi Package selection 4 lt Exit gt lt Help gt 7 Select Exit You are asked if you want to save the LTIB configuration 8 Click Yes to save the LTIB configuration The setup continues and the kernel configuration screen appears 9 Next enter the Kernel Hacking option Linux Kernel Configuration Arrow keys navigate the menu lt Enter gt selects submenus gt Highlighted letters are hotkeys Pressing Y gt includes lt N gt excludes lt M gt modularizes features
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4. find a kernel source file it displays a dialog box that allows you to navigate to and select the missing file vmiinux mcp File Edit Search Project Debug Tools Window Help Perce Jelg g E main c 0 ooa D A unistd h 0 0 Ra ff thread_info h 0 0 Ea A bitops h 0 0 Ra g E do_mounts c 0 o0 E ff kdev_t h 0 0 a f string h 0 0 a ff do_mounts h 0 0 A delay h 0 o 8 g E do_mountsrd c 0 o D g M inflate c 0 EEE E7 A slab h 0 o a M swab h 0 o 8 g P initramfs c 0 o E g calibrate c 0 oo D A delay h 0 0 Ra g DZ dmac 0 oa D A page h 0 0 Ra g M process c 0 aD f processor h 0 0 Fa P ptrace c 0 TEE E g E semaphore c 0 TEPEE E D current h 0 0 E3 635 files 0 0 You have created a CodeWarrior Linux kernel debug project Page 11 of 19 e se Go freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 Configuring the Kernel Project for Debugging Now that you have created a CodeWarrior project for your Linux kernel image the next step is to configure this project for debugging The CodeWarrior IDE provides the correct kernel debug settings to use via xm1 files located in CWInstallDir CodeWarriorIDE CodeWarrior ColdFire_Support KernelDebug_Settings 1 Open the Target Settings window by selecting Edit gt ELF DEBUG SETTINGS 2 Edit the CF Debugger Settings a b c d In the Target Settings Panels pane select CF Debugger Settings The CF Debugger Settings panel appears
5. in the Target Settings window Configure the base CF Debugger Settings options using the Import Panel button which brings up a file selection window Navigate to CWInstallDir CodeWwarriorIDE CodeWarrior ColdFire_Support KernelDebug_Settings TargetPlatformName CF Debugger Settings xml Click Open This imports the default settings for the ColdFire Debugger In the Target Processor list box make sure that the processor selected matches the processor on your target board In the Target OS list box select Linux When using the Abatron tool clear the Use Target Initialization File checkbox ELF DEBUG Settings vmlinux mcp Target Settings Panels CF Debugger Settings Target z Target Settings Target Processor 5329 Target OS Linux si Access Paths LJ Use Target Initialization File Build Extras Runtime settings Compiler E68K_Support Initialization_Files StartBootloader Browse File Mappings ana Source Trees GNU Target L Use Memory Configuration File F Language Settings GNU Assembler GNU Disassembler GNU Compiler Program Download Options PAF Verity Memory writes Linker Initial Launch Successive Runs LI z 4 GNU Linker Ww Editor Executable Executable Custom Keywords Constant Data Constant Data Debugger Initialized Data Initialized Data Debugger Settings Ininitialized Data Ininitialized Data Remote Debugging Factory Settings Revert Panel Export Panel Impor
6. Breakpoint Logic E Clock Rate 200000000 Hz Writing setup data passed Abatron is now ready Configuring PE Micro USB Multilink CodeWarrior IDE for ColdFire Architectures includes P amp E Micro USB Multilink s Linux driver called windrv6 under Linux This driver compiles and installs at CodeWarrior IDE installation time and is known to compile and work on the supported Linux distributions described in CodeWarrior release notes For newer versions of the drivers or to address problems when compiling or loading this driver visit http www pemicro com Configuring BSP Linux Kernel using LTIB You must use the Linux Target Image Builder LTIB to configure the settings of the Linux image you are building Specifically you need to change the boot loader kernel configuration and the kernel sources 1 Change the directory to the LTIB subdirectory Example cd home lt username gt ltib m532xevb 20071102 2 Run the command ltib configure This command launches the LTIB shell script which begins the installation of the LTIB files and launches the LTIB configuration screen Page 6 of 19 ay Lo 2 freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 NOTE A log file named host_config 1og contains a record of the install progress View this file using the tail f host_config log command NOTE According to the BSP documentation and the CodeWarrior release notes you must use dBUG as the boot loader 3 Select the
7. File Edit Setup Web Control Window Help device ethO0 addr 192 168 1 1 mask 255 255 255 0 gw 192 168 1 254 host 192 168 1 1 domain nis domain none bootserver 192 168 1 2 rootserver 192 168 1 2 rootpath Looking up port of RPC 10000372 on 192 168 1 2 Looking up port of RPC 10000571 on 192 168 1 2 VFS Mounted root nfs filesystem Freeing unused kernel memory 76k freed 0 401c1000 0x401d3000 init started BusyBox v1 00 2006 07 05 20 48 0000 multi call binary init started BusyBox v1 00 2006 07 05 20 48 0000 multi call binary Starting pid 17 console Yetc re d rcS Setting the hostname to freescale Mounting filesystems Setting up networking on loopback device Setting up networking on eth0 Adding static route for default gateway to 192 168 1 1 Setting nameserver to 192 168 0 1 in etc resolv conf Starting the boa webserver Starting pid 95 console bin sh BusyBox v1 00 2006 07 05 20 48 0000 Built in shell msh Enter help for a list of built in commands H The IDE displays the CodeWarrior debugger Fle Edit Search Project Debug Data Linux Tools Window Help Plaid 0 o ee Program vmlinux is executing Choose Stop from the Debug menu to stop it Page 16 of 19 ty e 2 freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 2 Click the Stop button to stop execution of the Linux kernel The debugger windows show what the kernel is currently executing
8. Press lt Esc gt lt Esc gt to exit lt gt for Help lt gt for Search Legend built in excluded lt M gt module lt gt a Processor type and features gt Fus options PCI PCMCIA EISA MCA ISA gt fwecutable file formats gt Power management options gt Networking gt Device Drivers gt File systems gt Kernel hacking CodeTEST Setup gt Security options gt lt Exit gt lt Help gt 10 Select the Kernel debugging option Page 8 of 19 TN260 ty Lo freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 lt Select gt 11 Select the Compile the Kernel with debug info option onpile the ker 1E with deh lt 3 elect gt 12 Click Exit to exit the Kernel hacking screen 13 Select Exit You are asked if you want to save the kernel configuration 14 Click Yes to save the kernel configuration The kernel recompiles with debug information A Build Succeeded message appears in the terminal window upon successful completion Page 9 of 19 e se Go freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 Creating the Linux Kernel CodeWarrior Project After you compile the kernel you need to create a kernel project 1 Open the CodeWarrior IDE a Open a terminal window from the Linux desktop b Change to the CWInstallDir CodeWarriorIDE subdirectory c Run the CodeWarrior configuration file cwide The CodeWarr
9. e se Go freescale semiconductor Technical Note T N260 Debugging the Linux Kernel using the CodeWarrior IDE for ColdFire Architectures Version 2 4 with Abatron By Oscar Gueta You can use the CodeWarrior IDE to debug Linux applications the Linux kernel and kernel modules This document provides step by step instructions for configuring the CodeWarrior IDE for Linux debugging using the Abatron BDI2000 Introduction To develop and debug Linux embedded applications use the CodeWarrior Target Resident Kernel TRK The CodeWarrior TRK is a highly modular reusable debug server that resides on the target system and communicates with the CodeWarrior debugger On embedded Linux systems the CodeWarrior TRK is packaged as a regular Linux application for use with the CodeWarrior debugger The CodeWarrior TRK source code is provided to you so that you can modify it to work in custom situations For more information about the CodeWarrior TRK see Using CodeWarrior Target Resident Kernel in the Code Warrior Development Studio for ColdFire Architectures Linux Platform Edition Version 2 4 Targeting Manual For Linux kernel and module development and debugging the Abatron BDI2000 is the preferred tool This document covers debugging the Linux kernel for MCF5329EVB You can use the same methodology to set up the environment for other Freescale Evaluation Boards EVB Refer to the release notes included in the C
10. e Freescale Semiconductor products for any such unintended or unauthorized application Buyer shall indemnify and hold Freescale Semiconductor and its officers employees subsidiaries affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims costs damages and expenses and reasonable attorney fees arising out of directly or indirectly any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use even if such claim alleges that Freescale Semiconductor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part Freescale and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor Inc CodeWarrior is a trademark or registered trademark of Freescale Semiconductor Inc StarCore is a registered trademark of Freescale Semiconductor Inc in the United States and or other countries All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners Freescale Semiconductor Inc 2007 All rights reserved e 2 freescale semiconductor
11. ers externally For Linux kernels that do not support this feature the CodeWarrior IDE includes a panel for passing parameters At boot time the Linux kernel looks for the parameters at the memory location right after the last kernel symbol A_end Symbols can be located at System map which is produced by the linker during kernel compilation As an example a MCF5485 Linux kernel produces these symbols at the end of the file c0O2b0085 A __initramfs_end c02b2000 A init end c02b2000 D init _thread_union cO2b4000 A _end In this case the last symbol is at OxcO2b4000 However as MCF5485 is an MMU enabled unit it uses a normal Linux kernel so that all addresses appearing in System map are virtual addresses In this case the kernel needs a physical address so you must perform a conversion remove the number c from the address which results in Ox002b4000 Use this location in the CodeWarrior panel For ucLinux BSPs such as the ones corresponding to V2 and V3 cores no conversion is needed Page 18 of 19 Additional Information e CodeWarrior Development Studio for ColdFire Architectures Linux Platform Edition Version 2 4 Targeting Manual contains useful information and is the starting point for learning to use the CodeWarrior IDE for Linux e The BSP user manual contains vital information to quickly start using Linux in the target EVB e For information on Feature Support and Known Issues refer to the CodeWarrior Re
12. he source files for a command line tool bdi setup from the Abatron web page and compile them using gcc if the window based tool B2Omcf exe is not available im MCF5329_stop bdi BDI2000 Setup for ColdFire 5 x Djam Sal alol zie 3 From the menu select File gt New The Open dialog box appears 4 Select MCF5329_stop bdi from the BDI files directory Example CWInstal1Dir CodeWarriorIDE CodeWarrior ThirdPartyTools MCF532x Abatron Sample_BDI_Files MCF5329_stop bdi 5 Click Open Page 3 of 19 e se Go freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 6 From the menu select Setup The Communication Setup window appears Communication Setup q Channel r Baudrate COM1 C 9600 r C 38400 COM3 57600 C COM4 115200 IP Address C Network Verify that the Channel and Baudrate are set correctly for the serial port on your host machine Click the Test button to test the serial communication between the host machine and the Abatron tool via the serial port A message box confirms that the link to BDI was successfully tested Communication Test i 9 Click OK to return to the main Communication Setup screen Page 4 of 19 ty 7 freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 10 Confirm your Channel and Baudrate settings and click the Connect button to connect to the BDI2000 Loader m Connect BDI2000 Loader pei p
13. hread the thread pointer might get invalid after that point if the thread exits quickly Page 17 of 19 e se Go freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 4 Click the Run icon The debugger stops at the requested point when a process is being created You can trigger this action by typing a command in the Linux serial console Toxi File Edit Search Project Debug Data Linux Tools Window Help S e Eile sek CD Gesie Vawe m 8kclone Af D child_tidptr 0x00000000 0x401COF6C do_for clone_flags 2816 02 gt parent_tidptr 0x00000000 0x401C0F68 gt regs Ox401COF94 0x40 1COF60 stack_size 0 Ox401COF64 stack_start 1075580872 Ox 40 1COFSC trace 0 05 D Source home ogueta Itib m5329 rpm BUILD tinux 2 6 16 kernel fork e return EAGAIN if unlikely current gt ptrace trace fork_traceflag clone_flags if trace clone_flags CLONE_PTRACE copy_process clone_flags stack_start regs stack_size parent_t Do this prior waking up the new thread the thread pointer might get invalid after that point if the thread exits quickly if IS_ERR p struct completion vfork Line 1309 Colt You can now continue debugging the Linux kernel Passing Parameters to the Linux Kernel from the CodeWarrior Software The latest BSPs include Linux kernels that allow the user to include the kernel boot parameters in the binary itself This removes the need to pass paramet
14. ior IDE top level menu window appears 4 CodeWarrior File Edit Search Projesi Debug Tools Window Help 2 In the CodeWarrior IDE menu select File gt Open A standard file open dialog box appears 3 Select the uncompressed kernel image built in the previous procedure LTIBInstallDir rpm BUILD 1linux vmlinux File Selection itib m532Hheub 20071102 rpm BUILO linux umlinux Ci kernel O lib O MAINTAINERS 0 Makefile Ci mm 0 Module symvers O net Get nfo O README C REPORTING BUGS O System map UST O umlinuy bin 4 Click Open NOTE If you did not compile the kernel with debug symbols the IDE displays an error message Page 10 of 19 e se Go freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 5 The Choose Debugger window appears Choose Debugger E3 Choose a debugger d ColdFire Abatron Serial W ColdFire Abatron TCP IP d ColdFire CodeWarriorTRE Serial d ColdFire CodeWarriarTRE TCP IP d ColdFire Ethernet Tap BOM d ColdFire PEMICRO USB d ColdFire USB Tap BOM E 6 Select the ColdFire Abatron TCP IP option 7 Click OK The IDE creates a dummy CodeWarrior project named vmlinux mcp The vmlinux mcp file is in the same directory as vmlinux rpm BUILD 1inux This directory also contains the source code files used to build the kernel As the IDE creates this project it displays a progress bar that indicates project creation progress If the IDE cannot
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16. ls Factory Settings Revert Panel Export Panel Import Panel Save b Import the settings for this screen using the Import Panel button Import the following xm1 file CWInstallDir CodeWarriorIDE CodeWarrior ColdFire_Support Page 13 of 19 e se Go freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 KernelDebug_Settings TargetPlatformName Linux Kernel Debug Settings xml c Click Save if you made any changes The IDE saves your settings 4 Edit the Remote Debugging options a Inthe Target Settings Panels window select Remote Debugging The Remote Debugging settings panel appears in the Target Settings window ELF DEBUG Settings vmlinux mcp Target Settings Panels GNU Target Connection Settings Language Settings Connection ColdFire Abatron TCP IP Edit Connection GNU Assembler GNU Disassembler Remote download path F Linker GNU Linker F Editor Custom Keywords f C Launch remote host application T Debugger Debugger Setti ngs CF Debugger Settings Debugger PIC Settings Linux Kernel Boot Pararre C Download 05 Linus Kernel Debug Seth ngs Source Folder Mapping cuir eva i ote anita A o os mage Path dC E GNU Environment Er GNU Tools Factory Settings Revert Panel Export Panel Import Panel save Connection ColdFire Abatron Serial Edit Connectio
17. n b Make sure that you select the debug probe you are using in the Connection list box In this case select ColdFire Abatron TCP IP c Select Edit Connection to modify the IP Address of the debug probe The ColdFire Abatron TCP IP configuration screen appears Page 14 of 19 e se Go freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 d Change the IP Address to the same IP address as your Abatron tool ColdFire Abatron TCP IP Mame ColdFire Abatron TCF IF Debugger ColdFire Abatron LI Show in processes list Connection Type TCP IP IF Address 192 168 1 3 Enter an F address in the format of 127 0 0 1 1000 or host domain com 1 000 ef Log Communications Data to Log Window e Click OK to save settings and exit the screen f Click Save if you made changes The IDE saves your settings 5 Close the Target Settings panel You have now configured the project for debugging Debugging the Linux Kernel At this point the environment is ready to start a debug session 1 Click on the CodeWarrior debug icon or select from the menu Project gt Debug to start downloading the Linux kernel The kernel starts downloading to the RAM of the target board vmlinux Downloading 2105344 bytes lt Lancet Page 15 of 19 e 2 freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 You can observe the Linux boot process in a serial console W Tera Term Web 3 1 COM1 VT
18. odeWarrior Development Studio for the specifics of each EVB The release notes are located in the following directory in the CodeWarrior installation CWlnstallDir CodeWarrioriIDE Release Notes Setting up the BSP for the Freescale Evaluation Board EVB First set up the Board Support Package BSP and make sure that the base boot loader and Linux kernel boot correctly on the EVB Page 1 of 19 e se Go freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 NOTE Find the Board Support Package image files for test boards at www codewarrior com under Downloads gt Linux Board Support Packages gt BSPs for Coldfire Architectures For more information on setting up Linux on the EVB refer to the User Manual located on the BSP ISO disc To mount the disc 1 Login as root or use sudo privileges to mount the ISO file change ISO filename as needed mount o loop m532xevb 20071102 l1tib iso mnt cdrom 2 Change to the user manual directory cd mnt cdrom Help software 3 Open the pdf file User_Manual_MCGF5329 pdf change user manual name as needed Follow the instructions and set up the environment on the host Linux machine For the MCF5329EVB the original dBUG boot loader included on the board is recommended and is configured as the boot loader for the Linux kernel Mount the Linux file system using Network File System NFS Configuring Abatron BDI2000 The release notes provided with the IDE state that the target board mu
19. oe SN 11130820 C COM1 C 9600 C COM2 C 19200 MAC 000001111308 C COM3 C 38400 C COM4 57600 m BDI2000 Firmware Logic Current Newest Current Loader 1 05 EE Firmware 1 13 1 13 Logic 1 05 1 05 Synch m TCP IP Configuration IP Address 192 168 1 3 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway fio 71 77 254 Cancel Ok Transmit Connecting to BDI2000 Loader passed 11 Update the firmware if needed New versions of firmware are provided by Abatron 12 Enter the IP Address and Subnet Mask address into the edit boxes 13 Click Transmit to transmit the desired TCP IP configuration to the Abatron tool m Connect BDI2000 Loader eee pete SN 11130820 C COM1 C 9600 i C COM2 C 19200 MAC 000C01111308 C COM3 C 38400 C COM4 57600 m BDI2000 Firmware Logic 5 Current Newest Current Loader 1 05 Firmware 1 13 1 13 Logic 1 05 1 05 Synch TCP IP Configuration IP Address 192 168 1 3 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway Cancel Ok Writing setup data passed Page 5 of 19 e freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 A Co 7s 14 Transmit the default BDI Working Mode settings which were read from the previously opened BDI file CI Identification MCF5329 Evaluation Board Starttup gt r Breakpoint Workspace C Reset Freeze Stop ee Vectorbase C Run and Loop Level Use no target vectors yy CPU Type MCF53xx Use
20. st have the original dBUG firmware to use the kernel module debugging feature You must configure the BDI2000 device with stop mode to support the kernel module debugging feature The CodeWarrior IDE includes BDI files with the correct Abatron settings that correspond to each supported board The bdi files are located in CWInstall1Dir CodeWarriorIDE CodeWarrior ThirdPartyTools Example CWInstal1Dir CodeWarriorIDE CodeWarrior ThirdPartyTools MCF532x Abatron Sample BDI Files MCF5329 stop bdi NOTE Do not use a target initialization file with the kernel project when using the Abatron debug tool If you are doing kernel debugging with the P amp E USB ColdFire MultiLink Cable use StartBootloader cfg as the target initialization file NOTE This example uses the MCF5329EVB MCF5329_stop bd1i and the B20mcf exe Abatron flashing configuring utility that is located on the diskette provided with the Abatron tool Page 2 of 19 e se O freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 1 Connect a serial cable between a serial port on the host computer and the serial port of the Abatron tool NOTE To connect to the Abatron using the network the Abatron tool must be configured with a static IP address This IP address is transmitted to the Abatron tool over a serial connection 2 Run B20mcf exe This window based Abatron configuration utility is located on the diskette that comes with the Abatron tool NOTE You can download t
21. t Panel Page 12 of 19 e se Go 2 freescale semiconductor Technical Note TN260 g h NOTE Do not use an initialization file with the Abatron BDI2000 tool If you are using a USB P amp E Micro cable or other debug device you must specify an initialization file Under Program Download Options for both the Initial Launch and Successive Runs sections check the following e Executable e Constant Data e Initialized Data These options specify what portions of the project to download on the initial and successive launches of the kernel Click Save if you made any changes The IDE saves your settings 3 Edit the Linux Kernel Debug Settings The Linux Kernel Debug Settings panel provides settings to enable threaded debug and delayed software breakpoint support a In the Target Settings Panel window select Linux Kernel Debug Settings The Linux Kernel Debug Settings panel appears ELF DEBUG Settings vmlinux mcp a oj x Target Settings Panels Linux Kernel Debug Settings GNU Target C Enable Memory Translation 7 Language Settings GNU Assembler GNU Disassembler GNU Compiler 7 Linker GNU Linker V Editor Custom Keywords V Debugger Debugger Settings I Enable Threaded Debugging Support Remote Debugging CF Debugger Settings V Enable Delayed Software Breakpoint Support Debugger PIC Settings Linux Kernel Boot Parame Source Folder Mapping 7 Command Line Extras GNU Environment GNU Too
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