Home
User Manual - JuLi Br Live Cell Analyzer
Contents
1. Plug the power cord into the electrical outlet Be sure to only use the power cord supplied with the instrument Powering the instrument with an unapproved power cord may damage the instrument When JuLI Br is ready to use start JuLI Br by pressing the Power button on the station unit JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Front view Description lt Station unit gt LCD touch screen located at the front of the instrument contains buttons for necessary functions and displays bright field images lt Scope unit gt Focus knob used to adjust the image quality to obtain better bright cell images Stage used to place sample here White LED used for bright image viewer White LED Stage lt Scope unit gt JuLt Br j3 PRERE LCD lt Station unit gt touch screen JULT Br Live cell movie analyzer Description lt Station unit gt Power button z used to turn the instrument on and off USB Port insert a USB drive to save and transport images to PC lt Scope unit gt Connection port port to connect scope unit with station unit Connection port lt Scope unit gt USB port 0 3 Power button lt Station unit gt JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Description Rear view lt Station unit gt Power inlet connects JuLI Br to an electrical outlet using the s
2. Parameter celine Recommendation vepa2 GH3 HepB A49 Meer netay sH svorsewa2 Senstvity level 3 coef SHSYSYSCN22 Berround eve Mela outs Sensiviy level 10 ki i Background level 2 z Uzos Sensitviy level 10 osc Background level 8 Set up local date amp time with up and down button Setting Update Date amp Time p rg Date 2012 Ei 9 Adjust the LED power intensity touching the bar to point Setting Default LED power is 10 Control LED power Default 26 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation 1 Periodically Nanoentek adds functionality and other improvements to JuLI Br Settings user interface We recommend keeping your JuLI Br update with 1 Update the latest software and firmware using update button Peis amp If you have any questions about software updates contact sales nanoentek com 2 Visit JuLI Br website at www nanoentek com to download updated software which is supplied as a zip file to your desktop 3 Unzip the zip file and save the software to a USB 4 Insert the USB drive into the USB port on JuLI Br 5 Check the version of software firmware and OS is the latest one Press Update button The update process takes a few minutes Version Werle 6 Restart JuLI Br Check the disk space of JuLI Br Settings If no disk space left saved data should be deleted in Data menu on page 20 Check the disk space 27
3. 30 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc PC Software Open data Operation Click the open button Folders and files can be opened by drag and drop on List region directly 2 Browse the folder or files should be opened and select it Su Were D contri taret 10823_151132 1y 1 120823 00 05 00 00 10 00 00 15 00 00 35 00 00 40 00 01 00 00 1321y 11 1 9 m2 31 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer 12012 NanoEnTek Inc Operation 4 Click the name of image in data list Preview window will show the image and PC Software movie 1 Open data 5 The image could be magnified by clicking zoom bar 6 Select the viewing region by dragging preview window 32 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation Click the confluence menu button aan 1 Confluence 2 Select one image that need recalculated confluence value from data list 3 Adjust the image by changing parameter recommended sensitivity level and background level corresponding to cell line Parameter celine Recommendation Tap 8 He AO earan na on Wer susie sexta sensi eve 9 Defa msta fo Hota betas SoSgound eve F TNcop Senay el 10 ecko ee E UZOS ADS Sensi eve 10 Saka ee a 4 Click the Confluence button the value of confluence would be recalculated by new sensitivity level and background level Confluence
4. Not for each files in monitored data folder 2 Then press Rename button a 3 Enter new folder of file name using the keypad display Then press Save button 4 Check the confirmation message Rename complete and renamed folder or file in List and Result category Jal 24 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation 1 Select folder or file should be delete from the instrument Data Delete Delete function can be used for folders of monitored data and files in default folder Captured Images Not for each files in monitored data folder Multi select Delete several folders or files at once select all of them after pressing Multi select button 2 Delete the folder or file by Delete button If Captured Images folder is selected all of image files in the folder would be deleted but not the folder 3 Press OK button for confirmation message 4 Check confirmation message Delete complete 25 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation Set the recommended parameter value for corresponding to cell line Setting Default value is A Set up g parameter Sensitivity refers to the contrast of the objects from the back ground Increased sensitivity increases recognition of fainter objects in bright field Background level decreased background level increases recognition of fainter objects in bright field
5. 5 Tf the confluence value from step 4 is good enough to use then check Apply box for recalculating confluence value of all images in same folder by new sensitivity and background level 6 Confluence graph would be redrawn lt before gt lt after gt 7 Click Save as button if recalculated data should be saved Save as 33 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation 1 Recorded movie can be shorten easily through PC Software PC Software Set the start point and end point by moving the bar Edit movie file 0142 40 00 01250 00 2 Check Apply box to edit the movie 3 Click Save as button if edited movie should be saved Save as 4 Select the folder for saving edited movie and Press OK button Me Operation Click Export button Information of each image in folder can be exported PC Software i Export data 2 Select the folder that exported file should be saved Type the file name for saving exported file 3 Exported file can be found in folder 35 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Cleaning amp Maintenance Clean the surface of JuLI Br instrument with a damp cloth To clean the LCD screen turn off JuLI Br instrument disconnect the power cable and clean the LCD screen with a soft cloth lightly moistened with LCD cleansing detergent Cleaning the screen with excessive force can damage the LCD the screen Wipe t
6. button Swipe with cotton swab in the stage carefully Eliminate dust on culture dish Check for and remove any condensation on the lid of the culture dish Warm up the instrument during 1 hour before monitoring Eliminate dust on culture dish Check for and remove any condensation on the lid of the culture dish Pay special attention during monitoring to open and close incubator door for prevention problem shaking culture dish or inflowing light Check the left volume of the hard disk Move the focus knob opposite side Check the connection between scope and station Touch the LCD screen with your finger Verify power supply is connected and power switch is on Reset on the power button Check on off switch on back side of unit Check power source or contact your distributor Recording files going to be saved as the last state before recording stopped Create movie file with time lapse images using JuLI Br PC software program Connect scope and station using connection cable again Download JuLI Br Update folder on NanoEnTek website www nanoentek com Check the files as below image And download JULI Br Update folder on NanoEnTek website www nanoentek com TS500SDK dil JuLiiLexe Profilexml Reset on the power button 37 JULT Br Live cell movie analyzer Warranty Nanoentek warrants that JuLI Br will be free from defects i
7. use the Focus knob or Focus interface to further adjust the focus Mtg 4 t ier H y 11 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation Focusing Adjust the focus lt coarse focus interface gt lt fine focus interface gt Type of focus interface would be switched by tapping circle point Coarse focus is larger knob which moves up or down rapidly to get the sample into coarse focus Fine focus is smaller knob which moves short distances slowly and is used to get the sample into sharp focus The images below show the reference images to adjust focus Du 145_ Parameter A Good setting Exposure 4 Brightness 1 Normal setting Exposure 6 Brightness 3 Bad setting i P Exposure 6 Brightness 5 12 Operation T 1 Adjust the focus of JuLI Br using Focusing menu on page 11 12 Focusing Confluence 2 Press Confluence button Conflu 3 Value of confluence would be shown If the value of confluence should be more accurate try again after adjusting parameter in Setting menu on page 26 Parameter is the recommended value for corresponding to cell line If confluence should be recalculated press Confluence button after pressing Preview button first E 4 Press the Capture button to acquire image with confluence 5 Type the name of image that should be saved Then press Save button 13 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer O
8. CD with knob Dual system Optional Compare the control amp experimental data at same time JULT Br Live cell movie analyzer Installing JuLI Br Installation Live cell images from various cell culture dishes are directly captured in a cell culture incubator This compact design allows installation of device in a incubator prevents contamination by maintaining a sterile environment And also the easily viewed display allows quick and convenient to use in a cell culture incubator to capture time lapse imaging Width 300 mm Depth nox Height 188 mm Weight 4kg Station unit Cell culture incubator A IMPORTANT Avoid exposing JuLI Br to UV light UV light may degrade components including plastic Damage from UV exposure is not covered under the manufacturer s warranty A IMPORTANT Always wipe surfaces with ethanol soaked paper towels not directly spray ethanol anywhere on JuLI Br JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc Installing JuLI Br Installation Place the instrument on a flat level and dry surface after unpacking the instrument Allow at least 10 cm 4 inches of free space at the back of JuLI Br to allow for proper ventilation and prevent overheating of electronic components Plug the supplied power cord into JuLI Br Connect scope unit to station unit using supplied connection cable
9. JuL Br Live cell movie analyzer User Manual Nano nlek Table of Contents Product contents 3 Product overview 4 Installation 5 6 Description 7 10 Operation 11 35 Focusing 11 15 Adjust the focus 11 12 Confluence 13 14 Capture 15 Monitoring 16 19 Data 20 25 Open data 20 21 Screenshot 22 Save to USB 23 Rename 24 Delete 25 Settings 26 27 Set up parameter 26 Update date amp time 26 Control LED power 26 Update software amp firmware 27 Check the disk space 27 PC software 28 35 Introduction 28 Installation 28 29 Function guide 30 Open data 31 32 Confluence 33 Edit movie file 34 Export data 35 Cleaning amp Maintenance 36 Troubleshooting 37 Warranty 38 Safety precaution 39 40 Product specifications 41 Additional product 42 Technical support 43 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Product contents JuLI Br is shipped with the following components Please check that all items listed below were shipped receiving the instrument If any items are missing or damaged contact your local distributor or sales nanoentek com Power Cord Scope unit Station unit y G ae Connection JULI BRSC JULI BRST pas fanaa cable 3 M Taiwan Japan Europe or UK Alife wa 1EA 1EA 1EA 1EA USB drive 4 GB User manual Quick manual a Qvick Manual nar 1EA 1EA 1EA Optional items 2n scope unit Connection cable 5 M Model JULI BR04 lt Scope uni
10. JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation PC Software Introduction n PC Software is designed to manage data from JuLI Br User can review saved image from JuLI Br at the PC Use can recalculate confluence of all the images and edit movie PC Software To install PC software follow the directions as below z Installation could be installed E ea Check to ensure that the PC is connected to Internet and then the PC software Insert the supplied USB drive into the computer Then open the file JULI Br PC Software The start up dialogue of the software as shown like left image will appear Click Next to start installation If you want to change installation folder click Browse and choose the location that you want 28 JULT Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation 5 After choosing installation folder click Install to proceed with the installation PC Software Installation 6 The computer activates the Installation of the Software 7 If the installation is successful The PC Software program can be found at you wallpaper 29 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc Operation When PC Software program starts the interface as above image would be shown PC Software Function guide Preview window Home Confluence Movie Open Save as Export Zoom bar Image information Graph Data List
11. Product Specifications page 32 Do not touch the main plug or power cord with wet hands Always ensure that the power supply input voltage matches the voltage available at your location This instrument is air cooled and its surfaces may become hot during operation When installing leave a space of more than 10 cm 4 inches around the instrument and do not place any objects between the instrument and the any walls Do not install the instrument on a slant or a place prone to vibrations which induces the risk of instrument malfunction or damage of the instrument Never insert any objects into the air vents of the instrument as this could result in electrical shock personal injury and equipment damage Plug the power cord firmly into the wall outlet and AC adapter To avoid potential shock hazard make sure that the power cord is properly grounded Be sure to position the equipment such that it is easy to disconnect Turn off the instrument before unplugging the power cord and or moving the instrument If the instrument is dropped or broken disconnect the power cord and contact a service person Disassembly of case will void warranty Use only authorized accessories adaptor power cord and USB xWarning Class A equipment is intended for use in an industrial environment In the documentation for the user a statement shall be included drawing attention to the fact that there may be potential difficul
12. e www nanoentek com 43 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc All the materials in this user guide are protected by Korean and international copyright laws They cannot be reproduced translated published or distributed without the permission of the copyright owner JuLI Br User Guide Website www nanoentek com E mail sales nanoentek com till manuracturea by NanoEnTek Inc 731 30 Jiwol ri Paltan myeon Hwaseong si Gyeonggi do 445 917 Korea Tel 82 2 6220 7913 Fax 82 2 6220 7721 The information in this manual is described as accurately as possible Firmware and software changes and updates may change without prior consent or notification Copyright 2012 by NanoEnTek Inc All rights reserved Published in Korea Documentation NESMU JUB 001E Revision History V 0 0 Date Oct 2012 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer www nanoentek com Email sales nanoentek com JuLr Br NanoEnTek Inc HQ 12F Ace High end Tower 235 2 Guro3 dong Guro gu Seoul 152 740 Korea Tel 82 2 6220 7913 Fax 82 2 6220 7721 NanoEnTek Inc USA 300 Washington St STE 416 Newton MA 02458 Tel 1 617 965 1414 Fax 1 617 965 1415
13. he screen dry immediately If liquid spills on JuLI Br turn off the power immediately and wipe dry JuLI Br does not need regular maintenance To troubleshoot problems with JuLI Br contact Technical Support page 44 A IMPORTANT Never disassemble or service JuLI Br yourself Unauthorized repairs may damage JuLI Br or alter its functionality which will void your warranty Contact sales nanoentek com or your local JuLI Br distributor to arrange for service A IMPORTANT Always wipe surfaces with ethanol soaked paper towels not directly spray ethanol anywhere on JuLI Br A IMPORTANT Avoid exposing JuLI Br to UV light UV light may degrade components including plastic Damage from UV exposure is not covered under the manufacturer s warranty 36 Jul Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc Troubleshooting Poor image Too dark and too bright Dirty image Time lapse images become dark and bright Movie file saving problems Focus knob doesn t move Focusing and Monitoring menu can not be used LCD screen is black JuLI Br does not power up Can not continue recording Do you want to save the recording files Can not play the movie properly Fail to capture JULI Br Update folder does not exist in the USB drive The update files do not exist in the USB drive Camera problem Re optimize the brightness and exposure value Reset on the power
14. hecked by pressing Play button Open data 4 Magnify movie screen or image screen widely if it is convenient 21 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Data Screenshot Operation 1 Insert USB drive into USB port If a USB drive is not inserted into USB port screenshot function can not be used 2 Press Screenshot button 3 Select the desired capture region by moving icon Ea 4 Select the screen size of snapshot by size icon Snapshot capture process can be canceled by pressing cancel icon After then double tap the selected region 7 Check confirmation message Screenshot is saved successfully 22 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation 1 Insert USB drive to USB port Data Save to USB If a USB drive is not inserted into USB port can not use this function 2 Select the folder or file by tapping it once 3 Several folders or files can be selected at once using Multi select button If the wrong file is selected press Multi select button again Multi select 4 Press the Save to USB button Save to USB 5 Confirmation message Save complete is shown saving process is completed 23 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation 1 Select folder or file name should be changed Data Rename Rename function can be used for folders of monitored data and files in default folder Captured Images
15. n material and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from date of purchase If any defects occur in JuLI Br during this warranty period Nanoentek will repair or replace the defective parts at its discretion without charge The following defects however are specifically excluded 1 Defects caused by improper operation Repair or modification done by anyone other than Nanoentek or an N authorized agent Damage caused by substituting alternative parts Use of fittings or spare parts supplied by anyone other than Nanoentek Damage caused by accident or misuse Damage caused by disaster yona Ww Corrosion caused by improper solvent or sample For your protection JuLI Br units being returned must be insured against possible damage or loss Nanoentek cannot be responsible for damage incurred during shipment of a defective instrument It is recommend that you save the original packing material in which the instrument was shipped This warranty is limited to the replacement of defective products For any inquiry or request for repair service contact sales nanoentek com or your local distributor 38 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 Nano nTek Inc Safety Precautions Rey w and follow the safety instructions below If water or other material enters the instrument adaptor or power inlet disconnect the power cord and contact a service person For operating environment refer to
16. no Magnification Image resolution Exported formats Display Light source Dimension amp Weight Storage JULI BRO4 Full set JULI BRSC Scope Objective 4x and digital zoom 400x 2560 x 1920 pixels 5M JPEG image AVI movie XLS law data 10 1 LCD touch screen White LED Scope unit 300 x 190 x 188 mm 4kg Station unit 282 x 285 x 160 mm 3 2kg 320 GB Hard drive 4 GB USB drive 41 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc Appendix The following products can be used with JuLI Br live cell movie analyzer and are available separately from nanoentek For more information visit www nanoentek com or email to sales nanoentek com Product Quantity Catalog no 1 Connection cable 5M 24 scope unit 1 JULI BRSC 42 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc Technical Support Visit the our Website at www nanoentek com for Technical resources including manuals FAQs etc Technical support contact information Additional product information and special offers For more information or technical assistance please call or email NanoEnTek Inc HQ 12F Ace High end Tower 235 2 Guro3 dong Guro gu Seoul 152 740 Korea Tel 82 2 6220 7913 Fax 82 2 6220 7721 NanoEnTek Inc USA amp Europe 300 Washington St STE 416 Newton MA 02458 Tel 1 617 965 1414 Fax 1 617 965 1415 Email sales nanoentek com Websit
17. peration Focusing 6 Check confirmation message Capture complete Saved data can be opened in Data menu on page 20 Confluence The images below show the guideline for focus to obtain accurate the Du 145_ Parameter A cell confluence Good setting Exposure 4 Brightness 1 Normal setting Exposure 6 Brightness 3 Bad setting Exposure 6 Brightness 5 14 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc Operation 1 Adjust the focus of JULI Br using Focusing menu on page 11 12 Focusing Capture 2 Press the Capture button to acquire the image Capture 4 Check confirmation message capture complete Press OK button 5 Saved data can be opened in Data menu on page 20 15 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation Monitoring 1 adjust the focus of JuLI Br and select the region that should be monitored using Focusing menu on page 11 12 After then press Setting button 2 Press the Name form to type file name for saving images or movie And press Save button 000 00 00 i IMPORTANT Warm up scope unit during 1 hour in incubator before making a movie If not it might be caused of uncertain data or unclear movie 16 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation Monitoring gt choose the monitoring type among Growth rate Wound healing rate and movie only Modi wih ra
18. t gt is only used in conjunction with the lt Station unit gt 3 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Product overview Increasing number of researchers are using live cell imaging to study cellular functions The JuLI Br a smart Bright cell movie analyzer was developed to enable a variety of biological experiments JuLI Br uses state of the art optics to get live cell images from various cell culture dishes Allow to detect the quantified cell confluence results with low variation and make growth curve using image based analysis JuLI Br is able to capture sequential time lapse bright images and which can be converted to movie files avi automatically The compact design allows to install the system in your cell culture incubator easily It can be compared control and experimental samples using dual system optional concurrently Features of JuLI Br ive cell movie analyzer Compatible to cell culture incubator Operate inside cell culture incubator with compact amp compatible design Time lapse image capture amp recording movie Sequential time lapse images are stored and can be converted to movie file automatically Automated quantitative cell confluence analysis Quantified cell confluence results with low variation and growth curve 10 1 color LCD touch screen Easy to use system control Semi automated focusing through LCD Focus adjustment using focus interface on L
19. t might be caused of uncertain data or unclear movie 18 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation Unexpected problems such that the power is off suddenly or the scope unit is not connected to station unit while movie recording could be happened Then the error message as below would be shown after restarting the instrument Cancel OK Recorded data before getting in problem is saved in the disk of instrument temporarily So press OK button if the movie recording should be continued 7 Recorded data can be opened in Data menu page 20 19 JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation 1 All of saved data could be checked in Data menu Data Open data Monitoring data including movie file and time lapse images were saved in each of folder set up by user And other data except monitoring were saved in default folder Captured Images Captured ima eter gt Default folder for captured images mnjh mnvb praia Monitoring data folders set up by user movie_name3 movie_name4 lt List category gt 2 Data can be opened or shown by double tapping folder name in List category or tapping folder name once and pressing Result category 000 01 00 00 01 10 00 01 20 00 01 30 04 lt Result category gt 00 00 20 Jul Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation 3 Recorded movie or image file could be shown by tapping its file name Data Movie file can be c
20. te wand healing Movie only means just monitoring cells without graph information For choosing movie only select off for both growth rate and wound healing rate 4 Press the Total time to set up the total running time Press the Interval to set the time interval For making a movie select on if a movie file should be created with time lapse images Movie Totaltine OOORIORO0 Interval 00 00 00 Images Makea movie time interval should be set up more than 1 minute for the best quality result in case of monitoring growth rate and wound healing rate In case of movie only It is recommended 30 seconds the number of total images would be displayed automatically when data value of Total Time and Interval is set up 5 Press the Apply button for saving all of options y 17 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation Ifa disk volume of the instrument is not enough to save recording data then the error message as below would be shown Please try again after delete data in Data menu on page 20 Press the Rec button to begin recording 6 juLI Br displays live cell images continuously during recording If the movie should be finished while recording press stop button then the confirmation message as below would be shown up Press OK button OK Cancel OK AN IMPORTANT Warm up scope unit during 1 hour in incubator before making a movie If not i
21. ties in ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in other environments due to conducted as well as radiated disturbances 39 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc Safety Precautions Review and follow the safety instructions below Symbol A Caution amp Warning D Protective earth Ground CE This instrument and consumables conforms to the Declaration of Conformity FCC compliance This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense 40 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer 2012 NanoEnTek Inc Product Specifications Environmental Condi Electrical input Frequency Installation site Operating Temperature Maximum Relative Humidity Instrument Specifications AC 100 240Va c 1 98 100W 50 60 Hz Indoor use only 10 45 C 20 95 Cat
22. upplied power cord and the appropriate plug based on the electrical outlet configuration in your country On off switch the main power switch It is not necessary to use the on off switch for day to day operation of the instrument lt Scope unit gt Fan i machinery cooling system Fan lt Scope unit gt lt Station unit gt ea Power On off Connection inlet switch port 9 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Description Focusing Monitoring Data Settings User interface Zoom in Navigation Zoom out Focus knob Exposure Brightness Capture Confluence The touch screen user interface of JuLI Br Live cell movie analyzer provides new tools to expand cellular research through proprietary software Insightful data can be acquired such as proliferation assays 10 JuLT Br Live cell movie analyzer Operation F 1 Press the Power button to start JuLI Br Focusing The main screen will be displayed Adjust the focus 2 Place the sample on the stage a JuLt Br 3 To adjust Illumination intensity use the Exposure and Brightness bar on the touch screen E m Touch the arrow button lt gt for adjusting more minutely 4 Ifitis necessary use Zoom button to magnify the desired region 5 And if focus of viewing region should be moved tap a point on navigation window or drag preview window 6 While viewing cells
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search
Related Contents
Handbuch - Rottenegger Land 5800COA – Avertisseur de monoxyde de carbone avec transmetteur SOLHYDFLOW INDUSTRIAL 6 - SEW-Eurodrive - sustainable upland development model 1000 Park Drive • Lawrence, PA 15055-1018 • 724-746 新たな門出に・・ 504U/RL - Gemini BV Copyright © All rights reserved.
Failed to retrieve file