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chapter 1 introduction to esa 86/88-3

1. The four types of records that may be present in a file of Extended Hex format are Extended Address Record e Start Address Record e Data Record End of File Record Extended Address Record RECD REC ZERO REC USBA CHECK MARK LEN TYPE SUM Ms n 02 0000 02 XXXX XX This record is used to specify the bits 19 4 of the Segment Base Address SBA where bits 3 0 are zero Bits 19 4 of the SBA are referred to as the Upper Segment Base Address USBA Subsequent data bytes are loaded at the specified offsets relative to this USBA The Extended Address Record may appear anywhere within the file This value remains in effect until another Extended Address Record is encountered Example Record 02 0000 02 0200 FA 02 0000 02 0200 00 checksum validity N 24 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual USBA 0200H For example third byte a subsequent data record with a load address of 0100H is loaded at 0200 0102 Data Record RECE REC LOAD REC _ DATA _ CHECK MARK LEN ADDRESS TYPE SUM Ms n XX XXXX 00 XX The data record provides a set of ASCII characters that represent the hex digits of the data bytes The method of loading these data bytes has already been described in the discussion of the Extended Address Record Example Record 06 00 10 00 BA FF FF BO 40 90 B2 06 00 10 00 BA FF FF B0 40 90 B2 00 checksum validity Load address 0010 amp Number of data bytes 06 Assume the USBA currently valid is 020
2. be used to form expressions and also to specify the use of the contents of any 8086 8088 register as address data values OAD 31 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual For example suppose we wish to specify an address whose segment is ES 10H and whose offset is BX 30H One way is to calculate these values as shown below Assume ES 0270H and 0080H Segment value ES 10H 0280H Offset value BX 30H 0050H Then the address can be specified as 0280 0050 However ESA 86 88 3 supports direct specification of such an address value as shown below ES 10 BX 30 The system will automatically evaluate such expressions and use the correct values These operators can be used to considerably simplify the specification and checking of relative addresses also 4 2 3 RESPONSE TO ERRORS Whenever an error is detected the command is aborted the symbol is output on the command line a carriage return and line feed are issued and the command prompt character 7 7 is output at the beginning of the new line Command execution occurs only after a command terminator a comma or a carriage return depending on the command is entered Hence a command entry can be cancelled any time before the terminator is entered The monitor detects entry of any character that is not legal or does not match the expected entry monitor then aborts the command displays a and returns to command entry mode 4 3 ESA 86 88 3 MON
3. 8087 DEMO831 HEX ABC HEX 0 8 3 Desktop 54 SI DEMO834 HEX 5 ABHI HEX DEMOB35 HEX ASX HEX St DEMONDP 1 HEX Copy of SAX HEX S DEMONDP2 HEX My Documents f 01586 SA DEMO6M HEX ELEV86 HEX z ENCODE HEX Computer FI 5 My Network Files of type Hex Filezl hex Cancel Places Open as read only CONNECTED NUM CAPS COM2 9600 0000 0000 3 Select the hex file name from the open HEX file window and click on OK in the download dialog box Then user can see the following dialog box Win863 Windows Driver For Esa 86 88 3 Trainer J x Files View Run Externall F Commands I O Window Help 15829 N Segment gt Download At 2000 in Progress CONNECTED NUM CAPS COM 9600 0000 0000 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 5 After downloading the program user can execute the program without going to command window also For that user has to go RUN menu and select SET PC option then see the following dialog box Win863 Windows Driver For Esa 86 88 3 Trainer Files View Run ExternalI F Commands I O Window Help mu uu Input Addres i xs ONNECTED Ai NUM CAPS 2 9600 0000 0000 6 In that Set PC dialog box user can give the program starting address and click on OK Now go to RUN menu and select RUN then the program will
4. CINTO CINTI CINT2 CINT3 CINT4 CINT5 CINT6 CINT7 LSO INTA LS1 MWTC LS2 IOWC Gate0 CAS0 CLK0 51 LOCK CAS2 MRDC AMWTC IORC AIOWC ALE EXTRDY CLKI CLK2 GND GND TIMER2 GND GND OAD 56 QO OAD QO J2 CONNECTED TO SYSTEM BUS PIN NO SIGNAL PIN NO SIGNAL 2 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 57 CHAPTER 6 ONBOARD PERIPHERALS AND INTERFACING OPTIONS ESA 86 88 3 Microprocessor trainer features several onboard peripherals for a wide range of user applications some of which are standard features of all ESA Trainers Additionally ESA 86 88 3 has provision for some more interfacing options such as DAC ADC Parallel Printer etc This chapter introduces the user to the following onboard peripherals and interfaces and their applications along with the I O address map peripheral details and a summary of ESA86 88 3 connectors 8255A Programmable Peripheral Interface 8253 Programmable Interval Timer SCN 2681 Dual UART 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller 8042 Universal Peripheral Interface LCD Interface 8 Channel 12 Bit A D Converter Onboard D A converter Parallel Printer Interface 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 This trainer also supports ESA Programmer interface this is discussed in detail in Chapter 7 61 ADDRESSING AND I O MAP decoding is implemented using the decoding ICs at U22 amp U23 The following table summarizes the I O mapped I O addres
5. 863 EA 0000 Hex 189 DISP 863 PRNTR HEX CarFP863 E DSLOPE SAX HEX on ve sj SLOPE SENSS3 HEX jRs 485 86 3 8 5 TIMER HEX 8 12ADC 863 jpsioPE sT TRAFFIC 863 12ADC HEX S INTRPT HEX Ej TRY1 HEX 8 36 3 e LCD HEX E 6 E 253 s MEMORv HEx F7 xtees 8259 E BREAK HEX OPTIN 863 Ed DAC HEX OPTOUT 863 e DEMONDP1 HEX 5 2 DEMONDP2 HEX PRNT HEX My Computer File name LCD M Save a My Network Save as type Files Cancel Places 2 Documents CONNECTED A NUM caps COM 9600 0000 0000 3 After saving the file enter the starting and ending addresses of the file which user is going to upload and click on OK of the upload dialog box as follows 35 WinB63 Windows Driver For Esa 86 88 3 Trainer fx Files Run ExternalI F Commands I O Window Help 8 9 gl Uploading 2060 20FF gt CONNECTED KH CAPS COM 9600 0000 0000 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 4 click on CANCEL in the upload dialog box If user wants to add one more file to same uploaded file once again click on OK in the upload dialog box Then user can find the message as follows WinB63 Windows Driver For Esa 86 88 3 Trainer Files View Run ExternalI F Commands I O Window Help Message End Address
6. ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual If the program is to be executed from an address other than that displayed the user must enter a new start address followed by a comma The segment value of the start address is implied to be the same as the current value of the CS register unless it is explicitly entered The monitor now outputs the current content of the CPU registers followed by a line of disassembled code at the start address To proceed with execution of this instruction enter another comma The addressed instruction is now executed and CPU control returns to the monitor Before this the monitor saves all the registers displays them and outputs a line of disassembled code at the address of the next subsequent instruction Now the user can enter a comma and proceed with executing the instruction at the displayed address or enter a new address at which an instruction is to be single stepped Note that the monitor does not output a command entry prompt although at this stage control rests with the monitor Hence entry of any other command at this stage will result in an error Each time a comma is entered the addressed instruction is executed and the address and instruction byte contents of the next instruction to be executed along with all registers and a disassembled line of next instruction code is displayed A new start address can be specified after executing any instruction A carriage return after executing an instruction ter
7. J8 amp J9 26 parallel I O Connectors J10 10 Pin Header for 8253 timer signals J11 15 Pin Flow strip for LCD Module J12 9 Screw terminals for ADC inputs J13 DAC output Test Point OAD 66 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual CHAPTER 7 ESA 86 88 3 EPROM PROGRAMMER SYSTEM 71 INTRODUCTION ESA 86 88 3 Monitor program supports all the functions of ESA EPROM Programmer interface Thus ESA 86 88 3 in conjunction with this interface module forms a powerful and easy to use EPROM Programmer system This chapter describes the use of this EPROM Programmer system The system permits the user to Program Verify Blank Check amp Read any of the popular EPROMSs 2716 through 27512 The system hardware consists of the interface module connected to the Parallel I O Port of the trainer using a 26 core ribbon connector The software is invoked from the ESA 86 88 3 monitor itself The EPROM Programmer interface module provides a 28 pin ZIF socket for placing the EPROMs When a 24 pin EPROM is to be placed it must be aligned with the bottom row i e top two rows of ZIF socket are to be left blank The system uses Intelligent Programming Algorithm whenever possible thus reducing the programming time significantly The devices supported by the system their programming voltages and the type number to be entered by the user are listed below The device selection is totally software controlled No hardware changes are necessary for working wit
8. Name of routine Function Calling address Name of routine Function Calling address Name of routine Function Calling address Name of routine Function Calling address Name of routine Function Calling address OUT_BYTE Outputs a byte value stored in AL register to the LCD or to the console FE00 0052 OUT_WORD Outputs a Word value stored in AX register to the LCD or to the console FE00 006A OUT_ADDR Outputs an address value in Segment Offset format to the LCD or to the console The segment value to be displayed is stored in ES register and the offset in BX register FE00 0082 GET_CHAR Reads an ASCII character from the keyboard and stores its Hex equivalent in AL register FE00 00A9 GET_CHAR_E Reads an ASCII character from the keyboard and displays the character on the LCD or console depending on the operating mode The HEX equivalent is stored in AL register FE00 00B8 GET_BYTE Reads a byte value from the keyboard and stores it in AL register FE00 00C7 GET_WORD Reads a word value entered from the keyboard and stores it in AX register FE00 00E0 GET ADDR Reads an address value from the keyboard in Segment Offset format The segment value entered is stored in ES register while the offset is stored in BX register If no segment value is entered the current CS register value will be stored in ES register FE00 00F3 GET_STRING Reads a string of ASCII characters fr
9. 0000 SI 0000 01 0000 5 0000 55 0000 5 0000 5 0000 2003 FL F002 02003 0000 2003 0 80 MOV AL 80 BRG AX 0080 BX 0000 CX 0000 DX FFE6 SP 0100 BP 0000 SI 0000 DI 0000 DS 0000 55 0000 5 0000 5 0000 IP 2005 FL F002 02005 0000 2005 OUT DX AL 0080 0000 0000 DX FFE6 5 0100 0000 51 0000 DI 0000 DS 0000 55 0000 5 0000 5 0000 2006 FL F002 PC 02006 0000 2006 FF DB FF 100 3000 BR 0080 0000 0000 DX FFE6 5 00 BP 0000 SI 0000 DI 0000 DS 0000 55 0000 5 0000 5 0100 3001 FL F002 04002 0100 3001 50 PUSH CR For better understanding and familiarization of this command single step the example programs given in Chapter 10 following the above discussion and observe the results Note The above description of this command is applicable to serial mode operation where the command output can be seen on the console The command will follow a similar execution sequence in stand alone mode operation also except for a difference in the register display format An extra CR will be required to proceed with the command since the LCD output will be refreshed after a strobe from the user 4 5 12 HELP COMMAND H FUNCTION This command lists ESA 86 88 3 Monitor commands with their valid syntax in Stand alone mode of trainer operation FORMAT amp OPERATION H Command mnemonic gt lt CR gt 1 When prompted for command entry entering H with
10. 20FF x WIN863 Lb Append to the previous file CONNECTED NUM CAPS COM 9600 0000 0000 5 click on OK to append the file to previous file and click on CANCEL After this operation user can download the upload file as already mentioned above in the 3 6 1 session The following error messages may appear during upload and download operations File not found Path not found No more files Access denied Invalid file handle Insufficient Disk space Unable to continue upload Colon is not present at the start of the Record Invalid data in source file the following Record 10 Checksum Error in the following Record 3 6 3 COMMUNICATION DA 222222222200 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Communication parameters can be set during the session by pressing Ctrl O or go to view menu and select options in the Win863 window List of parameters and their current values will appear on the dialog box Select the desired parameter with the help of arrow keys The parameters allowed to be set are Communication Port suitable COM Baud Rate 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 Number of Data bits 7 8 Number of Stop bits 1 2 and Parity NONE ODD EVEN After selecting the desired values click Okin the following dialog box Otherwise click on CANCEL to ignore the values Table 3 1 shows details of the integer values and co
11. Displacement Base Index Immediate data Direct addressing BX or BP SI or DI BX SI DI or BP followed by value or label BX SI BX DI BP SI or BP DI VALUE or LABEL SI DI VALUE or LABEL Displacement Base Index BX SIJ VALUE or BX SIILABEL 1 All numerical values at hexadecimal base 2 Label when used must have been defined in previous instructions 3 Mnemonics may be appended with a B or W to specify whether the operands are bytes or words respectively OAD QO 91 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual CHAPTER 9 ESA 86 88 3 MONITOR ROUTINES ESA 86 88 3 Monitor provides the user with several useful routines in either mode of trainer operation that significantly simplifies the task of program development This chapter gives a list of user callable routines provided by ESA 86 88 3 Monitor that are accessible to the user with their calling address locations and a brief summary of their functions Example programs using these routines are given in Chapter 10 The outputs of some routines are independent of the mode of trainer operation while some routines provide input and output facilities only on the default system I O for a particular mode of operation Routines listed in Section 9 1 are dependent on the mode of trainer operation When used in stand alone mode the outputs will be displayed on the LCD and in case of serial mode of operation the corresponding outp
12. Logical AND operation Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode ANDB Reg8 Mem8 Reg8 Data8 Mem8 Reg8 121 ADD ADD Destination and Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode ADDB Source Reg8 Mem8 Reg8 Data8 Mem8 Reg8 eu ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode ANDW Reg16 Mem16 Reg16 Data16 Mem16 Reg16 CALL an intra segment Disp16 Mem16 CALL procedure subroutine Label Reg16 015 16 Label CALL FAR CALL inter segment Seg16 Disp16 CALLS procedure subroutine Mem16 Label Disp16 Convert Byte to Word SS UE MEN NES MEG MEC BERGEN SN Clear Interrupt enable Flag Complement Carry Flag Compare Source with Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode Destination value Reg8 Mem8 CMPB Reg8 Data8 Mem8 Reg8 Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode Reg16 Mem16 CMEW Reg16 Data16 16 016 5 Compare Source Destination String Byte Mode Destination Strings Source String CMPSB Word Mode CMPSW prefix x jr wm ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual CBW CLC CLD CLI CMC CMP CS CWD 122 MEE Decimal Adjust after Addition DAA DAS DIV DS ES Decimal Adjust after Subtraction D D DEC Decrement by one Reg8 D AA AS Divide Unsigned Word by IVB Byte or Double Word by nos IVW IVW DS ES 016 prefix o jer prefix ESC Escape to external co Not applicable External co processor processor mnemonics are not currently
13. Port B and Port of the 8255 at U31 are brought out to the FRC Connector J8 and the corresponding signals of the 8255 at U42 are brought out to FRC Connector 19 The pin assignments for the individual port bits are given in Appendix B NOTE Port bits PCO PC3 of U31 and PC3 of U42 can act as interrupt sources allowing the operation of 8255As in Mode 3 Refer Section 2 1 7 6 3 PROGRAMMABLE INTERVAL TIMER ESA 86 88 3 has an on board Programmable Interval Timer 8253 positioned at U5 8253 has one command port and three data ports viz Timer 0 Timer 1 and Timer 2 providing for three independent programmable timers All of these are made available to the user The outputs of the timers along with their clock and gate inputs are available on the header J10 Refer to the connector details in Appendix B The I O address assignments can be found in Section 6 1 The outputs from Timer 1 and Timer 2 can be used as on board interrupt sources Refer section 2 1 7 64 SERIAL INTERFACE CONTROLLER Serial communication in ESA 86 88 3 Microprocessor trainer is implemented using SCN 2681 Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter DUART The trainer is capable of communicating with serial terminals using either RS 232C or RS 485 standards SCN 2681 DUART provides two independent full Duplex Asynchronous Receivers Transmitters in a single package It interfaces directly with microprocessors and may be used in a polled or interrupt driven system Th
14. location counter address is displayed followed by the instruction code and disassembled instruction at this address This is followed by the assembly prompt on the next line NOTES The source line entered by the user is analyzed only after a carriage return is entered Thus user can correct the entry errors using the Backspace key address displayed when the assembler is invoked will bear the current CS and IP register contents unless the user specifies a different address with the command the user doesn t wish to change the displayed instruction he can enter the carriage return The location counter will be updated the new value of the location counter is displayed along with the machine code the disassembled instruction at that location and the assembly prompt on the next line The process continues thereafter Ifthe user enters followed by CR the assembler is terminated and control returns to the ESA 86 88 3 Monitor command prompt EXAMPLES 1 Invoking the ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler at the current PC value A CR 0000 2000 FE CO INC AL A OAD 78 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual the CS amp register contents before invoking the Assembler assumed to be 0000H amp 2000H respectively The display format shown is for the serial mode of operation The location counter is followed by a string of the machine code and the current instruction at that
15. supported The mnemonic is only displayed during disassembly Divide Signed Word or Double Word Multiply Signed Byte or Word HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual B JE J G INA 2 72 LE JA JA J J 1 E J INT NT RE JN ICX JMP FAR Increment by one execution umm overflow Return from interrupt service routine Jump if Above Not Address Short label below or equal AX DX AX Port8 INW NCW NCW RET JNBE E JNB Jump if above or equal Address Short label ILL Not below Jump if below Not Address Short label above or equal JBE JNA Jump if below or equal Address Short label Not above Jump on Carry Address Short label JC Jump if CX 0 Address Short label p gewr Jump if equal Jump on Address Short label Zero J JE J JG JNLE Jump if greater Not Address Short label p lesser or equal Jump if greater or equal Address Short label Not lesser Jump if lesser or equal Address Short label Not greater Jump Intra segment Address Label Indirect Disp16 Add
16. understand modifications This assembler supports labels Symbolic references also that can have a maximum length of three significant characters However a label can be referenced only if it has already been defined i e the assembler supports backward references only In addition to the standard instruction mnemonics ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler supports some useful Assembler directives Pseudo op codes These directives can be used to set the origin define symbolic constants initialize byte word and string values and to reserve memory space 8 2 ASSEMBLY COMMAND A 8 2 1 FORMAT AND OPERATION The command syntax for invoking ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler is A lt address gt lt CR gt The Assembly command has a single optional command parameter which is the assembly address for source instructions When prompted for command entry enter A followed by the assembly address and lt CR gt Now the monitor will transfer control to the Assembler and the user can enter any of the 8086 8088 CPU instructions or directives supported by this Assembler These commands and directives are described in detail in later sections NOTES 1 The assembly address is optional and if entered the Assembler will start assembling source statements from this address In case no address is entered the assembler will use the current contents of the CS and IP registers as the effective address for assembly OAD 77 ESA 86 8
17. 012AH AND 012BH for IR2 These pointer assignments are set up in the program itself The main program now follows ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2500 B8 00 00 MOV 0000 Initialize Segment 0000 2503 8E CO MOV 5 registers 0000 2505 26 ES 0000 2506 C7 06 24 01 50 30 MOV 80124 3050 Set up vectoring 0000 250C 26 ES information for 0000 250D C7 06 26 01 00 00 MOV 80126 0000 interrupt 0000 2513 26 ES service routine 0000 2514 C7 06 28 01 00 31 MOV 80128 3100 0000 251A 26 ES 0000 251B C7 06 2A 01 00 00 MOV 012A 0000 0000 2521 BA F4 FF MOV DX OFFF4 Initialize 8259 PIC 0000 2524 BO 13 MOV AL 13 0000 2526 EE OUT DX AL 0000 2527 BA F6 FF MOV DX 0FFF6 0000 252A BO 48 MOV AL 48 Base value type 72d 0000 252C EE OUT DX AL 0000 252D BO 03 MOV AL 03 Automatic EOI 8086 88 0000 252F EE OUT DX AL Mode 0000 2530 BO F9 MOV AL OF9 Mask all interrupts 0000 2532 EE OUT DX AL except INT 1 and 2 0000 2533 BO 80 MOV AL 80 0000 2535 BA E6 FF MOV DX 0FFE6 Initialize 8255 1 for 0000 2538 EE OUT DX AL generating interrupt 0000 2539 4 FF MOV DX 0FFE4 0000 253C BO OF MOV AL 0F signals 0000 253E EE OUT DX AL Output high amp low 0000 253F BO 00 MOV AL 00 Signals since 8259 is 0000 2541 EE OUT DX AL initialized for edge triggered interrupt recognition 0000 2542 FB STI 0000 2543 EB FO JMP BAC Repeat continuously OAD 103 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual The above routine continu
18. 2 x 1FFF 1 3FFF F000 2 X 1FFF 12FFE gt FFFF Hence value FFFF After correct entry of the parameter values by the user the system checks the EPROM for blank value OFFH for the specified address range During this time the message Blank Checking is displayed OAD 70 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual If the EPROM is not blank the following prompt appears PROM not blank Non blank at XXXX where XXXX is the address of the first non blank value found the device If the EPROM is already blank following message appears PROM is blank Blank Check completed Then the system proceeds with Programming the device with the data specified by the buffer limits and will display Programming The system also verifies the programmed data on a byte by byte basis Intelligent Programming Algorithm is used if the EPROM can support it resulting in a considerable reduction of programming time If complete programming is successful the system will display the following message where XXXX is a 16 bit checksum and control will return to the EPROM programmer command fetch routine Programming Completed Check Sum XXXX If programming is unsuccessful the following information is displayed Failed At XXXX where XXXX indicates the location in HEX where programming was unsuccessful The system then returns to EPROM Programmer command prompt EXAMPLE Enter P at the ESA 86 88 3 Monitor Command pro
19. 32 4 13 19 DC3 35 33 5 14 20 DC4 36 54 6 15 21 NAK 37 55 7 16 22 SYN 38 56 8 17 23 ETB 39 57 9 18 24 CAN 3A 58 19 25 EM 3B 59 1A 26 SUB 60 lt 27 ESC 3D 61 IC 28 FS 3E 62 gt ID 29 GS 3F 63 IE 30 RS 40 64 IF 31 US 41 65 A 20 32 SP 42 66 B 21 33 43 67 C D HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual DEC CHAR HEX DEC CHAR 44 68 D 62 98 b 45 69 E 63 99 c 46 70 F 64 100 d 47 71 G 65 101 48 72 H 66 102 f 49 73 I 67 103 g 4A 74 J 68 104 h 4B 75 K 69 105 I 4C 76 L 6A 106 j 4D 77 M 6B 107 k 4E 78 N 6C 108 l 4F 79 O 6D 109 m 50 80 P 6E 110 n 5 81 Q 6F o 52 82 R 70 112 53 83 S 71 113 q 54 84 T 72 114 r 55 85 U 73 115 5 56 86 V 74 116 t 57 87 75 117 u 58 88 X 76 118 59 89 77 119 w 5A 90 7 78 120 x 5B 9 79 121 y 5C 92 TA 122 2 5 93 7B 123 5E 94 7C 124 l 5F 95 7D 125 60 96 126 m 61 97 a 127 DEL OAD QO ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 118 SERIAL COMMUNICATION CABLE REQUIREMENTS 1 RS 232C Cable requirements ESA 86 88 3 requires a null modem cable in order to communicate with other systems RS 232C Standard communication can be established by connecting an interfacing cable to the Host computer system or CRT terminal through J4 the 9 pin D type female connector provided on the trainer The connections required for the RS 232C Cable are as
20. 4 10 5 11 P1B2 12 P1B3 13 P1BO 14 15 P1A6 16 P1A7 17 4 18 P1A5 19 P1A2 20 P1A3 21 P1A0 22 23 P1C6 24 P1C7 25 45V 26 GND DA pem RR 046 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual J9 CONNECTED TO 8255 at 042 ODD PIN NO SIGNAL PIN NO SIGNAL 1 P2C4 2 P2C5 3 P2C2 4 P2C3 5 2 0 6 P2CI 7 P2B6 8 P2B7 9 P2B4 10 P2B5 11 P2B2 12 P2B3 13 2 0 14 P2BI 15 P2A6 16 P2A7 17 P2A4 18 P2A5 19 P2A2 20 P2A3 21 2 0 22 P2AI 23 P2C6 24 P2C7 25 5V 26 GND J10 HEADER FOR 8253 TIMER SIGNALS PIN NO SIGNAL PIN NO SIGNAL 1 2 CLK 0 3 TIMER 0 4 GATE 0 5 CLK 2 6 TIMER 2 7 GATE 2 8 CLK 1 9 GATE 1 10 TIMER 1 FLOW STRIP FOR 20 x 4 LCD MODULE PIN NO SIGNAL PIN NO SIGNAL 1 GND 2 3 GND 4 5 5 P5C2 6 P363 7 5 0 8 5 1 9 5 2 10 5 11 5 4 12 5 5 13 5 6 14 5 6 15 BK LT ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual NB OV ASCII CODES HEX DEC CHAR HEX DEC CHAR 00 0 NUL 22 34 lii 01 1 SOH 23 35 02 2 STX 24 36 03 3 ETX 25 37 04 4 EOT 26 38 amp 05 5 ENQ 27 39 06 6 ACK 28 40 07 7 BEL 29 41 08 8 BS 2A 42 09 9 2 43 0A 10 LF 2C 44 11 2D 45 0C 12 FF 2E 46 0 13 2 47 OE 14 SO 30 48 0 OF 15 SI 31 49 1 10 16 DLE 32 50 2 11 17 DCI 33 51 3 12 18 DC2 34
21. 50 55 54 00 0000 2140 00 DB 00H 0000 2141 ORG 2150 0000 2150 OA OD DB OAH OD 0000 2152 48 45 58 20 43 48 DB CHAR 0000 2158 41 52 20 3D 20 0000 215D 20 00 DB 20 00 10 3 PROGRAMMING WITH ONBOARD HARDWARE 10 3 1 Use of BREAK key This program section illustrates the use of BREAK key provided on the trainer As explained in Chapter 5 this key is connected to NMI or Type 2 interrupt of 8086 8088 CPU The user has to provide the vectoring information for this interrupt This program sets the vector locations for the Type 2 interrupt and then waits for the interrupt in a loop The Code segment of the ISR is set at location 0 000AH as 0000 and the Instruction Pointer is set at location 0 0008H as 2100H ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 B8 08 00 MOV 0008 Load ISR offset value 0000 2003 8B FO MOV SI AX at 0 0008H 0000 2005 B8 00 21 MOV AX 2100 101 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 0000 2008 89 04 SI AX 0000 200A B8 OA 00 MOV 000 Load ISR segment 0000 200D 8B FO MOV SI AX value at 0 000AH 0000 200F B8 00 00 0000 0000 2012 89 04 SI AX 0000 2014 8E CO MOV ES AX 0000 2016 B8 50 20 MOV 2050 Set up memory pointer 0000 2019 9A 31 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0031 Display message 0000 201E 9A 13 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0013 0000 2023 EB FE LP JMP LP Wait for interrupt After entering the above program enter the following interrupt service routine
22. Connect the Power Supply of required capacity to ESA 86 88 3 Ref Section 2 2 race ats For Serial Mode Operation 1 Select Baud rate Communication Standard RS232C or RS 485 and Printer Enable Disable by setting the DIP Switch 2 Connect ESA 86 88 3 to Host PC CRT through an RS 232C RS 485 cable Interfacing requirements for both RS 232C and RS 485 communication are described in Appendix E 3 terminal computer system should be powered ON and the driver software should be running Ref Chapter 3 for details of installation of Driver Software and Communication procedures 4 Install the LCD if required and Power ON the trainer Now the following sign on message should appear on the console depending on the processor selected ESA 86 MONITOR VX y Or ESA 88 MONITOR Vx y V x y indicates Version x and Revision y on The sign on message is followed by the command prompt in the next line Now ESA 86 88 3 is ready for operation in Serial mode If an LCD interface is used the following message appears on the Display ESA 86 MONITOR Vx y SER 9600 P 86 The message on the LCD gives information about the CPU being used the mode of operation current baud rate configuration in case of Serial mode and the status of the Printer driver If the trainer is configured to work with 8088 CPU in Serial Mode with a baud rate of 4800 and if the printer driver is enabled the message on the LCD upon RESET will be ESA 86
23. Drivers Software CD Now user can see the following dialog box which will copy the required files from Source CD to the Host PC OAD 11 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Copying Files please stand by Processing MSVBYM60 DLL 7 of 7 4 Windows Driver for ESA 86788 3 Trainer Setup Welcome to the Windows Driver for ESA 86 88 3 Trainer installation program Setup cannot install system files or update shared files if they are in use gus proceeding we recommend that you close any applications you may running Click this button to install Windows Driver for ESA 86 88 3 Trainer software the specified destination directory C Program FilesYWINS621 Change Directory Exit Setup 3 default Installation directory will be C ProgramFiles WIN863 User can change the installation directory by clicking Change Directory 4 Click the highlighted Icon shown above to continue the Installation Procedure and the following Dialog Box D HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual J Windows Driver for ESA 86788 3 Trainer Choose Pro Ed Setup will add items to the group shown in the Program Group box You can enter a new group name or select one from the Existing Groups list LPC2000 Flash Utility Microsoft Office Tools continue 5 Select the Program Group Default ESA Trainers Click Continue Then user can see the following Dialog Box Destination File CiWINDOWSISYSTEMIMSCOMM32 OCX 6 In some cases use
24. ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual ERROR CONDITIONS Entering the ending address offset lesser than the starting address offset 2 Trying to enter a non Hex value for the address or data 3 Entering a value for the offset of the second address such that the range of locations left in the segment from this offset does not match the range to be compared EXAMPLES 1 Compare a block of memory beginning at 0 2000 to 0 2050 with a block beginning at 0 3000 C0 2000 2050 0 3000 CR This response shows that there was no mismatch 2 Compare a block of memory beginning at 0 2500 to 0 2550 with a block beginning at 0 3000 C0 2500 2550 0 3000 CR 0000 2505 45 0000 3005 76 0000 2515 21 0000 3015 16 0000 2532 45 0000 3032 0000 2544 1A 0000 3044 22 This response shows that there was a mismatch at 4 locations In case of stand alone operation the command entry format is similar to that in the serial mode The output in case of example 2 will be as follows 0000 2505 45 0000 3005 176 lt gt 0000 2515 21 0000 3015 16 lt CR gt The display will now be refreshed and the monitor will output the following result 0000 2532 45 0000 3032 A3 lt CR gt 0000 2544 1A 0000 3044 22 lt CR gt 4 5 9 GO EXECUTION COMMAND FUNCTION Go G command is used to transfer control of the CPU from the Monitor to a user s program OAD 45 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual G CR lt
25. FA OAD 75 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual The output shows that the first PROM location where the data from the device is not identical to the data in the corresponding buffer location is 0000 The system now returns to the EPROM Programmer command prompt 7 3 5 E EXIT command This command is used to terminate the EPROM Programming software and return control to the ESA 86 88 3 monitor The monitor sign on message then appears on the console or the LCD followed by the command prompt on the next line OAD 76 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual CHAPTER 8 ESA 86 88 3 SYMBOLIC ONE LINE ASSEMBLER ESA 86 88 3 provides a very convenient environment for Assembly Level Programming in either mode of trainer operation This chapter describes the use of the powerful monitor resident ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler along with the other programming facilities viz Label Commands and Disassembly Appendix F contains a list of 8086 8088 CPU instructions supported by this assembler Note that this assembler does not support 8087 NDP instructions 81 ESA 86 883 SYMBOLIC ONE LINE ASSEMBLER The monitor resident Symbolic One Line Assembler provided with ESA 86 88 3 Trainer is capable of translating the Mnemonic Instruction codes to equivalent machine codes for the 8086 8088 CPU The translated code is immediately loaded into appropriate memory locations The assembler supports the standard 8086 8088 mnemonic syntaxes with some minor and easy to
26. LC lt CR gt Z Disassembly Z lt start address gt lt end address gt lt CR gt OAD 51 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual CHAPTER 5 SYSTEM DESIGN DETAILS AND MEMORY ADDRESSING This chapter gives an insight into the hardware design details of ESA 86 88 3 Microprocessor trainer The onboard interfacing options and external interfaces supported by the trainer are discussed in subsequent chapters Appendix A gives the complete schematics Appendix B gives the connector details and Appendix C has the component layout diagram The design details discussed in this chapter include a CPU b System timing and Wait State Logic c Memory addressing d Interrupt system e 8087 Co processor NDP f Bus expansion 51 ESA 86 88 3 can be operated with either the 8086 CPU or 8088 CPU A single DIP Switch setting as explained in Section 2 1 1 makes the processor selection In either case the CPU is configured to operate in Maximum mode 5 1 1 CPU RESET An on board RESET key provides the reset signal to the CPU through the 8284A clock generator The RESET key gives an RSTIN signal to the 8284 and its RESET output is used to reset the CPU and the rest of the system synchronously This signal is available on the bus connector also and can be used to RESET off board peripherals 5 1 2 CPU CLOCK A 24 MHz Oscillator is the clock source for 8284A clock generator The 8284A divides this frequency by three and produces an 8 MHz
27. Reading Completed is not displayed either on the console or on the LCD NNNN Bytes Read Check Sum XXXX The system then returns to the EPROM Programmer command prompt Also if after reading the bytes cannot be loaded in the buffer area then the following message is displayed This may happen if the buffer range selected is pointing to non existent memory or ROM area Memory Write Failure At Seg Off where Seg Off points to the first location of the buffer where writing the data read from the device failed Then the system returns to EPROM Programmer command prompt Note Selecting the ESA 86 88 3 Monitor stack location i e locations 0 0 to 0 1FFFH the buffer may lead to unpredictable results 7 3 3 B BLANK CHECK Command This command is used to check if a specified range in the EPROM is blank contains OFFH Enter B to execute this command This command requires the following parameters OAD 73 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual EPROM One of thetypes listed in section 7 1 PROM Start Starting address of the EPROM from where Blank checking is to begin PROM End Ending address of the EPROM till which Blank checking is to be done If all the parameters entered are correct the system proceeds with reading the data from the device and comparing it with the device blank state value FF in case of EPROMs During this time the following message is displayed Blank Checking
28. address Further the system will output the Assembly prompt in the next line In the stand alone mode the display format on the LCD is slightly different and is as given below In this format the display string following the location counter is the current instruction at that address This is followed by the machine code for that instruction and the assembly prompt on the next line A CR 0000 2000 INC AL FE CO A 2 Invoking the ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler with a specific address A 0 2500 CR 0000 2500 8B C3 MOV AX BX A The output on the LCD in case of stand alone mode of operation will be as follows A 0 2500 CR 0000 2500 MOV AX BX 8B C3 A 3 Writing a small program using ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler This example illustrates the use of the assembler in Serial Mode to write a small program Some common errors are also described in the example and explanation pertaining to these errors and display format is given at the end of the example A CR 0000 0000 00 00 ADD BX SI AL A ORG 2000 CR 0000 2000 EO E9 LOOPNE 1FEB A MOV AX AABB CR Invalid Operands 0000 2000 EO E9 LOOPNE 1FEB A MOV AX 0AABB CR gt 8 BB AA 0000 2003 BO 90 MOV AL 90 A MOV BX 2222 CR B8 22 22 0000 2006 03 C3 ADD AX BX A CR 0000 2008 50 PUSH AX 79 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 1VAL DB 10 Labels should start with Alphabet 0000 2008 50 PUSH
29. block at 0 3000 would be moved to 0 3200h and the data block at 0 3200H to 0 3000H This can be verified using display memory commands Example 3 The following program converts a hexadecimal byte value to its ASCII notation The example illustrates the use of the powerful translate XLAT and rotate instructions The program assumes that the hex value is in AL register The resulting ASCII representation is left in the AX register Enter the program at 0 2000H and enter the required HEX value to be converted in AL register ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 BF 12 20 MOV 1 2012 Get address of ASCII 0000 2003 8D 1D LEA BX DI look up table 0000 2005 32 E4 XOR Clear upper byte 0000 2007 B1 04 1 0004 0000 2009 D3 C8 ROR AX CL Lower nibble in AH 0000 200 D2 CC ROR Upper nibble in AL 0000 200D D7 XLAT ASCII code of upper 0000 200E 86 EO XCHG AH AL nibble in AH 0000 2010 D7 XLAT ASCII code of lower 0000 2011 INT 03 nibble in AL 0000 2012 30 31 DB 30 31 ASCII code look up 0000 2014 32 33 DB 32 33 table 0000 2016 34 35 DB 34 35 0000 2018 36 37 DB 36 37 0000 201A 38 39 DB 38 39 0000 201C 41 42 DB 41 42 0000 201E 43 44 DB 43 44 0000 2020 45 46 DB 45 46 Example 4 This is a program to find the factorial of a given number The program uses the Arithmetic instructions of the 8086 8088 CPU instruction set The program does not take into account the carry generated by the multi
30. packages fully support the ESA 86 88 3 Serial Monitor commands including file upload and download facilities HEX files generated by PC native and Cross tools can also be downloaded to the trainer using these packages Further data from ESA 86 88 3 memory can also be uploaded to the host PC The compatible serial cable for RS 232C communication is also included in the package 3 2 INSTALLATION a Configure ESA 86 88 3 for serial mode of operation and set the serial port of ESA 86 88 3 for 9600 Baud and No parity Refer Chapter 2 b Connect the ESA 86 88 3 trainer to Host PC over the serial port using the serial cable provided Refer to your system s Technical Manual for details regarding the signal definitions on COM ports Refer appendix E of this manual for serial cable details 3 3 INSTALLATION OF WINS63 Win863 is a Windows based Communication package for ESA 86 88 3 trainer that provides a powerful and convenient debugging and development environment to the user The user must install this software from the ESA 86 88 3 Drivers CD Insert the CD in the CDROM drive and run Setup exe from the Win863 s folder The Setup program will guide the user through the rest of the installation procedure Once the Software is installed successfully Win863 offers a complete online help for working with the commands Under Win863 the trainer can communicate at a baud rate of up to 38400 3 3 1 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 1 Run Setup exe from the
31. returns to DOS If a file already exists on the system with the same name as the input file name but with the extension of HEX then it displays the message HEX FILE ALREADY EXISTS and returns to DOS If none of these errors occur it creates an output file with the extension of HEX If it fails in this process it will display the error message TOO MANY OPEN FILES and returns to DOS Otherwise the system will prompt for the LOAD SEGMENT value as shown below LOAD SEGMENT Enter the desired load segment value followed by Return The system will now prompt ORIGIN VALUE Enter the origin value by RETURN NOTE The advantage of specifying an origin value is as follows However if user wants to load from origin 0 for example with a load segment value of 200H user can specify the ORIGIN VALUE to be O Thus this feature allows user to delete if required unwanted data from the HEX file Now the system will read the EXE file and check if it is a valid EXE file If the specified input file does snot have the EXE file structure the system displays the message IMPROPER EXE FILE and returns to DOS If it is a valid EXE file then it will be relocated using the specified load segment value and the origin value in accordance with the control and relocation information present in the EXE file The system will create an Extended Address Record using the load segment value and write this record on the output file During relocation if the s
32. signal is either the latched BHE signal for 8086 or the inverted latched AO signal for 8088 This selection is accomplished by tri state buffer 74LS125 at U50 the enable signals for which are derived from the setting of SW7 of the DIP Switch This switch setting indicates the selection of 8086 8088 CPU Thus if 8086 is selected the LS125 will inhibit inverted 0 and pass latched BHE signal as corrected BHE signal On the other hand if 8088 is selected the 74L S125 will inhibit latched BHE which will be always high and pass the inverted 0 signal as the corrected BHE signal 5 1 5 CPU DATA BUS Bi directional buffers 74LS245s at U16 U17 and U21 are used to buffer the CPU data bus Note that one buffer 741 5245 at U17 is used as swap buffer to route the upper data bus to the lower data bus when 8088 is selected The enable signals for the bus are derived from corrected BHE AO DEN from 8288 bus controller and 86SEL 88SEL signals This logic implemented by 741 532 at U43 is as follows CPU DEN A0 CORRECTED ENABLE FOR BHE Upper Data Lower Data Swap Buffer Bus Buffer Bus Buffer NO X Don t Care The combinations not shown above never occur 53 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 5 2 SYSTEM TIMING AND WAIT STATE LOGIC The time base for CPU operation is derived from an 8284A Clock generator The CPU may be operated at a frequency of 8 MHz or 5 MHz which is the clock output fr
33. start address lt breakpoint address CR OPERATION 1 To use this command enter when prompted for command entry followed by CR monitor now outputs the current CS and IP register contents in the Segment Offset format If the user wishes to start program execution from an alternate starting address the user has to enter the same Segment specification is not necessary if the segment value of the program start address is the same as the current code segment The user may use the Breakpoint facility by entering a comma followed by a break point address at which program execution needs to be stopped No segment value is permitted with breakpoint address Thus the default segment value for the break point address is either the segment specified with the start address or the current CS register content if a segment value is not specified Breakpoint implementation is discussed below in detail To begin program execution enter carriage return CPU Control is now transferred from the monitor to the user program Program termination is entirely dependent on the instructions entered by the user To exit from the executing program and to return control to the monitor the user has the following options At the logical termination of the user s program the user should enter the instruction INT 03 Hex Code CC This instruction will perform the Type 3 interrupt service routine embedded in the ESA 86 88 3 Monitor w
34. these latches When P3A1 is high the output of the latches are tri stated When P3A1 is low data is available at port bits PABO through P4B7and P4CO through P4C3 of the 8255 at U26 Port bit P3A0 is used to command the conversion process in the ADC A high to low transition initiates a conversion and a high STS of ADC indicates that ADC is busy At the end of conversion the STS line goes low This transition is used to strobe the converted data into the latches at U40 and U41 Input voltage range This circuit can be operated with inputs of 0 to 10V 5V to 5V or 10 to 10V This is determined by setting the jumpers JP25 and JP24 as shown below Input Range JP24 JP25 Unipolar 0 to 10V 2 3 1 2 Bipolar 5 to 45V 1 2 1 2 Bipolar 10V to 10V 1 2 2 3 An example program for using the analog to digital voltage converter is given Chapter 10 The user can use this program for developing custom applications 63 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 69 ONBOARD 8 BIT D A CONVERTER ESA 86 88 3 features an onboard digital to analog converter using DAC 0800 IC at U36 The user may program the DAC to suit his needs using the interfacing information described here For using the DAC the user must connect 12V and 12V supplies to the trainer at the Power connector J3 The Analog output may be obtained from test point J13 on the trainer Interesting waveforms may be observed at this point by programming the DAC suitably The digital inputs t
35. 0 Then the data is to be loaded as shown below 0200 0010 0200 0011 0200 0012 FF 0200 0013 0 0200 0014 40 0200 0015 90 Start Address Record RECE REC LOAD REC CS IP CHECK MARK LEN ADDRESS TYPE SUM ms n 04 0000 03 XXXX XXXX XX The start address record is used to specify the execution start address for the object file This record can appear anywhere in the HEX file If the start address record is not present CS and IP values will remain what they were before downloading Example Record 04 00 00 03 02 00 01 00 F6 04 00 00 03 02 00 01 00 F6 00 checksum validity After loading 5 0200 and 0100 End of File Record RECD REC ZERO REC CHECK MARK LEN TYPE SUM NS 00 0000 01 This is a record of fixed structure and is used to specify the end of the HEX file 3 9 USING A CROSS ASSEMBLER 25 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual convenient way of creating a to be downloaded into ESA 86 88 3 is to use a cross assembler for 8086 8088 that can generate the object code in Extended Hex format Example Chapter 10 includes some programs that have been developed using X8086 cross assembler The distribution CD ROM contains HEX files object code for these examples The code is in Extended Hex Format and the files were created using X8086 and the corresponding linker LINK The user can download these files using the download command and execute them according to previously given gu
36. 0 2553 0000 2555 0000 2557 0000 2559 0000 255E 0000 2560 0000 2562 OAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual OBJECT CODE B8 8E 8E BE BO 88 BA BO EE BA BO EE BA BO EE 8A B9 D2 oc BA EE B9 E2 20 FF FF FF 00 FF 00 FF FF FF 00 00 FE MNEMONICS MOV 0000 MOV DS AX MOV ES AX MOV 51 2000 MOV AL 00 MOV SI AL MOV DX FFD7 MOV AL 80 OUT DX AL MOV DX FFD6 MOV AL 83 OUT DX AL MOV DX FFD1 MOV AL 03 OUT DX AL MOV AL SI MOV 0004 ROL AL CL OR AL 80 MOV DX FFD4 OUT DX AL MOV 0020 LOOP 2530 MOV DX FFD1 MOV AL 02 OUT DX AL MOV AL 03 OUT DX AL MOV AL 00 OUT DX AL XCHG AX AX XCHG AX AX XCHG AX AX XCHG AX AX MOV AL 01 OUT DX AL SUB MOV DX FFD4 IN AL DX AND AL 0F MOV AH AL MOV DX FFD2 IN AL DX MOV BX AX JMP 2582 MOV CL SI CALLS FE00 00A9 AL 2C JE 2568 AL 2D COMMENTS Initialise Segment registers Initialise 8255 3 ports as o p ports and 8255 4 Port A as 0 Port B as I p Port C upper as O p Port C lower as I p Disable latches Output Channel value to MUX MUX settling time delay Start conversion pulse to ADC ADC conversion time delay Enable latches for capturing data Read digital value from latches and store in AX register Read next channel using GET CHAR If char 7 increment Ch No If char 109 0000 2564 0000 2566 0000 2568 0000
37. 0 MOV 4050 Set up memory pointer 0000 4008 9A 31 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0031 for message prompt 0000 400D 9A 13 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0013 Output message on LCD 0000 4012 9A 31 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0031 0000 4017 9A OE 01 00 FE CALLS 0 00 010 11 GET STRING 0000 401C 8B C6 MOV AX SI routine and accept 0000 401E 9A 31 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0031 a message 0000 4023 9A AF 01 00 FE CALLS 0 00 01 Call SER SEND STRING 0000 4028 EA 00 00 00 JMPS 0 000 0000 routine to output the message onto console 0000 402D ORG 4050 Stored message string 0000 4050 45 54 45 52 20 ASC ENTER A MESSAGE 0000 4056 41 20 4D 45 53 53 0000 405C 41 47 45 0000 405F 00 DB 00 Example 3 This program makes use of some conversion routines like HEX ASCII and VALID HEX in addition to other input output routines The program waits for the user to enter a valid ASCII character in HEX If the input is valid 31 39 41 46 the program outputs the equivalent character as a HEX value and repeats the sequence If the user enters any other value the program displays the message INVALID INPUT and returns control to ESA 86 88 3 monitor The program may be executed in serial or stand alone mode of operation ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 0000 ORG 2000 0000 2000 B8 00 00 MOV 0000 Initialise segment 0000 2003 8E CO MOV ES AX register 0000 2005 29A 31 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0031 Call O
38. 05 BE 00 21 MOV SI 2100 Initialize pointer 0000 2008 B7 0A MOV BH OA Load count value 0000 200A 8A 04 MOV AL SI Load byte 0000 200C 46 NXT INC SI 0000 200D FE CF DEC BH Check 10 bytes in all 0000 200F 74 0A JE 201B 0000 2011 8A 1C MOV BL SI Compare current value 0000 2013 3A C3 CMP AL BL With next value 0000 2015 77 F5 JNBE NXT If next value is 0000 2017 8A C3 MOV AL BL larger load it in AL 0000 2019 EB F1 JMP NXT Repeat the process 0000 201B OVR INT 03 Return to monitor Enter the above program in memory and store a string of 10 bytes starting from 0 2100H location Execute the program from its starting address 0 2000H and check the results The user may then modify the program taking into account a string of Word values 102 ILLUSTRATION OF ESA 86 88 3 MONITOR ROUTINES These examples make use of some of ESA 86 88 3 monitor routines listed in Chapter 9 It is recommended that the user go through these routines to get familiar with the usage of these routines Example 1 Program to display a message HELLO WORLD This program stores the HEX equivalent of the ASCII characters in AL register from memory indexed by SI register The program makes use of OUT CHAR and GET CHAR routines If the program is executed in serial mode the message is displayed on the console In case the program is executed in stand alone mode then the output can be observed on the LCD Then the program waits for the user to ent
39. 2 Examine and modify the SP register and examine the next register i e BP 5 0100 0110 BP 4020 lt CR gt 4 5 4 MOVE MEMORY COMMAND FUNCTION Move Memory command M is used to copy a block of data from one area of the memory to another area within the CPU s memory space FORMAT M start address gt lt end address gt lt destination address CR OPERATION 1 To use this command enter M when prompted for command entry Now enter the three required parameters separated by commas The three parameters are the start end addresses of the memory block to be copied and the start address of the destination block In this command the end address is relative to the segment value specified with start address or implied with the start address i e the current contents of CS register if no segment value is specified Consequently no segment value is permitted with the end address and with each command execution a maximum of 64K bytes can be moved The segment for the destination address is relative to the current CS value unless otherwise specified Then enter CR to execute the command 2 Now the monitor copies the contents of the memory block from start address to end address of consecutive memory locations beginning at destination address After moving the block of memory monitor returns to the command entry mode OAD 40 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Notes Since Move operation is pe
40. 2 FL F002 PC 005F2 0020 03F2 55 PUSH BP Stand alone mode of operation the output format on the LCD with respect to the above command will be as described below G lt CR gt G 0000 0000 20 300 3F2 CR OAD 47 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual The monitor refreshes the LCD and displays all the CPU registers in the following format In this mode the monitor waits for user strobes wherever necessary AX 1182 BX A113 CX 000F DX 1242 5 0100 4020 5 6020 DI 6F20 CR DS 0000 55 0000 5 0000 5 0020 03 2 FL F002 005 2 CR 0020 3F2 PUSH BP 55 CR 3 Attempting to breakpoint an instruction in the EPROM area As shown below this will result in an error G CR G 0000 0000 F000 100 122 CR G 0000 0000 20 300 3F2 NOTE underlined lines in these examples are either overwritten by the statements following or are inserted in the text merely for illustration 4 5 11 SINGLE STEP COMMAND FUNCTION Single step N command is used to execute single instruction of a program After the execution of each instruction executed CPU control is returned to the monitor from the program being executed FORMAT N lt CR gt lt start address new address CR OPERATION 1 To use the single step command enter N with CR when prompted for command entry Now the monitor will output the current contents of CS amp IP registers in Segment Offset format OAD 48
41. 256 0000 256D 0000 256F 0000 2571 0000 2573 0000 2575 0000 2578 0000 257A 0000 257C 0000 257E 0000 2580 0000 2582 0000 2587 0000 258A 0000 258F 0000 2591 0000 2596 0000 2599 0000 259E 0000 25A0 0000 25A5 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FE FE FE FE FE 2575 decrement Ch No 2557 Wait for valid i p CL Routine to update CL 08 ADC channel 2571 CL 00 SI CL 251A Repeat conversion CL 00 257E CL 07 2571 CL 2571 00 0031 Routines for AX 2100 displaying Channel 00 0013 Nos and digital AL SI outputs 00 0052 AX 210F 00 0013 00 006 Display WORD value 2557 Repeat sequence Enter the above program from 0 2500H onwards using ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic one Line Assembler The following look up table may now be entered using either the DB and ASC directives at location 0 2100H onwards 0000 2100 0000 2102 0000 210E 0000 210F 0000 2111 0000 211E 10 5 3 Parallel Printer Interface DB 0A 0D ASC CHANNEL NO DB 00 DB 0A 0D ASC DIGITAL VALUE DB 00 Execute the program from 0 2500H onwards in either mode of operation Give the analog input signal at the desired channel and select the particular channel by sifting through the channels Enter comma to increment the current channel value and minus to decrement the current channel value If multi channel mode is selected the prog
42. 6 HPS HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual a asserted Exchange Words or Bytes Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode XCHGB Mem8 Reg8 Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode Mem16 Reg16 look up table memory Logical Exclusive OR Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode XORB 08 8 Reg8 Data8 Mem8 Reg8 Mem8 Data8 Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode XORW Reg16 Mem16 Reg16 Data16 Mem16 Reg16 131 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual OAD 132 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual
43. 6 FF MOV DX OFFE6 Initialize all 8255 0000 2003 BO 80 AL 80 Ports as output 0000 2005 EE OUT DX AL 0000 2006 BA EO FF MOV DX 0FFEO 0000 2009 BO 88 AL 88 Output data to ports 0000 200B EE OUT DX AL 0000 200C 8 04 00 CALL 2013 Introduce delay 0000 200F DO C8 ROR AL 1 Rotate data byte for 0000 2011 F8 JMP 200B rotation of motor 0000 2013 B9 00 40 MOV CX 4000 Delay subroutine 0000 2016 2 FE RPT LOOP RPT 0000 2018 C3 RET Enter the program from 0 2000H onwards execute it from this location and observe the behavior of the stepper motor Change the data byte at 0 2010 from C8H to COH and observe the results 10 4 USE OF 8087 CO PROCESSOR ESA 86 88 3 provides direct support for an optional Numeric Data processor 8087 To utilize this feature the user has to simply install 8087 IC in the socket provided U32 No other hardware changes are required The following two examples illustrate the use of 8087 NOTE ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One line Assembler does not support NDP instructions So these programs must be entered directly in machine code hexadecimal values using Substitute Memory Command Example 1 The following program assumes that two 32 bit integer data values a and b are stored at locations 3000H and 3004H onwards respectively It then computes a result C square root of a b and stores the result as a 32 bit integer starting at location 3008H Code segment value is assumed as 0000 ADDRESS
44. 681 Register Description amp Addressing Address Read Operation RDN 0 Write Operation WRN 0 FFAO Mode Register A MR1A MR2A Mode Register MR1A MR2A FFA2 Status Register SRA Clock select register A CSRA FFA4 Reserved Command register A CRA FFA6 Rx Holding Register A RHRA Tx Holding register A THRA FFA8 Input Port Change Register IPCR Auxiliary Control Register ACR FFAA Interrupt Status Register ISR Interrupt Mask register IMR FFAC Counter Timer Upper CTU C T Upper register CTUR FFAE Counter Timer Lower CTL C T Upper Lower register CTUL FFBO Mode Register B MR B MR2B Mode Register MR2B FFB2 Status Register B Clock select register B CSRB FFB4 Reserved Command Register B CRB FFB6 Rx Holding Register B RHRB Tx Holding Register B THRB FFB8 Reserved Reserved FFBA Input Port Register Output Port Configuration register OPCR FFBC Start Counter Command Set Output Port Bits Commands FFBE Stop Counter Command Reset Output Port Bits Commands 65 PROGRAMMABLE INTERRUPT CONTROLLER ESA 86 88 3 features an onboard Programmable Interrupt controller 8259A positioned at U4 The INTR output of this device is connected to the INT input of the CPU Interrupt inputs to 8259A can be on board sources or off board sources Refer Section 2 1 7 for details of interrupt sources selection The user can program the interrupt controller to generate either interru
45. 8 3 User s Manual 2 While using the Assembler the user must enter source statements programs only the User RAM area starting from location 2000H Entering program in reserved locations may lead to unpredictable results 3 Other ESA 86 88 3 monitor commands cannot be executed while the Assembler 15 active 8 2 2 ASSEMBLER SYNTAX DESCRIPTION Once the assembler is invoked the system will output the assembly address in Segment Offset format followed by the instruction code and disassembled instruction at this address On the next line the assembler will display the assembly prompts and wait for the user to enter a source statement Now the user can either enter a source statement carriage return if the current instruction is not to be changed or the character and CR to terminate the command If the user enters a new source statement it is immediately translated and the machine code generated is stored at the appropriate memory locations If any errors are detected or if the statement is written at an invalid location viz EPROM Area or non existent memory appropriate error message is issued next line and location counter is not updated and the old line is displayed again If there are no errors the assembled machine code is immediately loaded into the memory the valid source statement and its machine code will overwrite the previous mnemonic and its corresponding machine code while updating the location counter Now the next
46. AX A VALUE DB 10 CR DB 10 0000 2009 FB STI A MOV CL VAL CR 8A OE 06 20 0000 200D 26 ES A UP INC BX CR Invalid Mnemonic 0000 200D 26 ES A UP INC BX lt CR gt gt 43 0000 200E C3 RET A INC SI lt CR gt Illegal Operands 0000 200E C3 RET A INCW SI lt CR gt gt 04 0000 2010 34 01 XCHG AL 01 A JMP UP lt CR gt gt 2 FB 0000 2012 cc INT 03 A CR 0000 2011 EE OUT DX AL A NOTES 1 OAD QO The Assembler is invoked without any specific address Hence it takes the current CS amp IP register contents as reference memory locations Use of Origin Control Directive ORG is made here before entering any instructions since the current location counter does not point to user RAM area The location counter is now modified to point to the address specified by this directive An error message follows the first instruction entered here since the Hex operand does not begin with a numeric The location counter is not updated until a valid source statement is entered In such case the appropriate error message is displayed and the current location counter is displayed again followed by the machine code and instruction at that address and the assembly prompt A on the next line The Mnemonics syntax for ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler is described in detail in a later section When an instruction is successfully assembled the machine code for the instruction is output on
47. C 36 AMWTC IORC 38 AIOWC ALE 40 EXTRDY CLKI 42 CLK2 GND 44 GND 5V 46 5V TIMERI 48 TIMER2 GND 50 GND 113 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual J2 CONNECTED SYSTEM BUS PIN NO SIGNAL PIN NO SIGNAL 1 GND 2 GND 3 BAO 4 CBHE 5 1 6 2 7 8 4 9 5 10 6 11 12 8 13 GND 14 9 15 10 16 11 17 12 18 BA13 19 14 20 15 21 16 22 GND 23 17 24 18 25 19 26 27 28 29 30 GND 31 BDO 32 BDI 33 BD2 34 BD3 35 BD4 36 BD5 37 BD6 38 BD7 39 GND 40 GND 41 BD8 42 BD9 43 BD10 44 BD11 45 BD12 46 BD13 47 BD14 48 BD15 49 GND 50 GND J3 POWER CONNECTOR COLOUR CODE SUPPLY TERMINAL BLACK GROUND RED 5 V YELLOW 12V GREEN 12V J4 amp J5 SERIAL INTERFACE CONNECTORS Refer Appendix E D HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 114 76 PC KEYBOARD DIN CONNECTOR PIN NO SIGNAL 1 KBDCLK through 1000 resistance 2 GND 3 KBD DATA through 1000 resistance 4 2 Not Connected J7 25 PIN PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE CONNECTOR PIN NO SIGNAL PIN NO SIGNAL 1 P3C4 2 0 3 4 2 2 P3B3 6 P3B4 7 P3B5 8 P3B6 9 P3B7 10 NC 11 P3C3 12 NC 13 NC 14 NC 15 NC 16 NC 17 NC 18 GND 19 GND 20 GND 21 GND 22 GND 23 GND 24 GND 25 GND J8 amp J9 26 PIN PARALLEL CONNECTORS J8 CONNECTED TO 8255 at U31 EVEN PIN No SIGNAL PIN No SIGNAL 1 P1C4 2 5 3 P1C2 4 P1C3 5 P1CO 6 7 6 8 P1B7 9
48. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ESA 86 88 3 ESA 86 88 3 is an advanced general purpose microcomputer system that can be operated with 8086 or 8088 CPU and provides the user a powerful and complete environment for 8086 based programming and applications development 8086 and 8088 are third generation CPUs from INTEL that differ primarily in their external data paths 8088 uses an 8 bit wide data bus while 8086 uses a 16 bit wide data bus ESA 86 88 3 can be operated with either CPU and the only possible difference would be in the speed of execution with 8088 CPU a small speed degradation occurs because of the 8 bit wide data bus In either case the CPU is operated in maximum mode ESA 86 88 3 can be used not only as an instructional and learning aid but also as a development tool in R amp D labs and industries It is a versatile system and be configured in a variety of ways as per user requirements The basic system can be easily expanded through system BUS connectors Powerful features like monitor resident Symbolic One line assembler and Disassembler simplifies the programmer s task of entering Assembly language programs On board provision for 8087 Numeric Data Processor makes ESA 86 88 3 useful for number crunching applications also Onboard battery backup provision is an added feature that takes care of RAM data in the event of inadvertent power failures It also features an onboard DAC 12 bit ADC optional and parallel printer interf
49. CR lists ESA 86 88 3 Monitor commands with a description of their valid syntax on the LCD Thus the user can use this command as a ready reference source on the monitor commands 2 If the command syntax of a particular command is required then the user should enter H followed by the command Mnemonic OAD 50 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual For e g entering HS with CR will output the syntax of the Substitute memory command After displaying the command the monitor waits for a user strobe viz CR to display the next command and its syntax Pressing Esc will terminate the command and the monitor returns to command entry mode The command syntax appearing with the description of this command is the same as that of the Command Help appearing in Serial Mode of operation 4 6 MORE MONITOR COMMANDS 1 Refer Chapter 7 of this manual for a detailed description of ESA 86 88 3 EPROM Programmer system invoked by the following command P Invoke Programmer P lt CR gt The EPROM Programmer software further supports commands to Read Blank Check Verify and or Program the popular EPROMS 2716 through 27512 and the on chip code memory of 8x51 Microcontrollers 2 Refer Chapter 8 of this manual for a detailed description of ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One line Assembler and a discussion of the following Monitor commands in support of this assembler A Invoke Assembler A address CR LL List Labels LL lt CR gt LC Clear Labels
50. Display 0000 201C E8 15 00 CALL CMD 0000 201F 2E CS 0000 2020 8D 16 08 20 LEA 8 5 up pointer to On 111 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 0000 2024 0000 2026 0000 2028 0000 202 0000 202 0000 202 0000 2030 0000 2032 0000 2034 0000 2037 0000 2038 0000 203 0000 203D 0000 203E 0000 2040 0000 2041 0000 2043 0000 2044 0000 2047 0000 2049 0000 204A 0000 204D 0000 204E 0000 2050 0000 2053 0000 2054 0000 2056 0000 2057 0000 2059 0000 205A 0000 205C 0000 205D 0000 2060 0000 2062 DA 07 E9 1B FA D8 DC 06 08 00 00 FE D8 FA DC F2 FA F2 00 FE 00 FF FF 80 FF FF 80 STR CMD DY1 DWR DY2 RET BX DX AL BX AL 00 START DWR BX STR START DX OFFD8 DX AL DX OFFDC AL 06 DX AL AL 08 DX AL AL 00 DX AL cx 8000 DY1 DX OFFD8 DX AL AL OF4 DX OFFDC DX AL AL OF2 DX AL AL OFA DX AL AL OF2 DX AL cx 8000 DY2 message string Check for string termination character Call routine to write data Repeat continuously Write into Data register Enable Read Write in Instruction register Routine to write data Return to start of LCD display Delay between repeated displays Enter the program from 0 2000H location onwards Execute the program and observe the output on the LCD This chapter covered a variety of programming examples that were developed u
51. Entering non Hex parameters as data EXAMPLES 1 Examine RAM location 2100H relative to the DS register modify the contents of location 2101H and 2102H and examine the contents of 2101H again S DS 2100 CR 0000 2100 5 0000 2101 FF B7 0000 2102 FF 5A 0000 2103 FF lt CR gt OAD 35 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual S DS 2101 CR 0000 2101 B7 CR Note Here DS is set at 0000 Hence the segment value displayed will be 0000 2 Examine ROM location FF00 9CH and trying to modify the same 5 FF00 9C lt CR gt FF00 009C FF 44 lt CR gt 3 Examine word at location 2120 H relative to DS register Assume that DS is set to 2000 SW DS 2120 CR 2000 2120 1 4 CR Note Here the location DS 2121H contains while DS 2120 contains 4 5 2 DISPLAY MEMORY COMMANDS FUNCTION Display memory byte D and Display memory word DW commands enable the user to output the contents of a block of memory to the LCD or to the console either in byte or word format FORMAT D start address gt lt end address CR DW start address gt lt end address CR OPERATION Both the commands operate in a similar fashion When operating in Serial Mode these commands provide a line formatted output of the memory block starting at the start address and ending at the end address However in case of Stand alone operation a total of 16 bytes or 8 words is displayed at one time and the monitor wa
52. ITOR COMMANDS The Monitor commands in both serial and stand alone mode are similar and the following discussion holds good for trainer operation in either mode These commands are summarized in the following table and are described in detail in later sections In both the table and individual command descriptions the following notation is used V indicates that V is optional V indicates one or more optional occurrences of V V indicates that V is a parameter to be entered by the user indicates that either of the two characters is to be entered NOTE These symbols are used to clarify the command formats and they are neither to be entered by the user nor output by the system In the description of the individual commands it is assumed that 8086 CPU has been installed However all the commands work in identical fashion even if 8088 CPU is installed The only observable difference would be in the sign on message generated by the system following Power ON Reset OAD 32 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 4 3 1 SUMMARY ESA 86 88 3 MONITOR COMMANDS COMMAND FUNCTION FORMAT SYNTAX S Substitute Memory bytes S lt address gt CR lt new data gt CR Displays modifies memory bytes SW Substitute Memory Words SW lt address gt lt CR gt lt new data gt CR Displays modifies memory words D Display Memory bytes D lt start ad
53. If all the locations are blank then the following message is displayed and control returns to EPROM Programmer command prompt PROM is blank Blank Check completed If any memory location in the specified range is not blank the corresponding message and the absolute EPROM address of the first non blank location is displayed as shown below PROM not blank Non blank at XXXX where is the address of the first non blank value found in the device Note that only the first non blank location address is displayed Subsequent locations may or may not be blank The system then returns to the EPROM Programmer command prompt 73 4 V VERIFY command This command is used to verify the contents of an EPROM against a source Enter V to execute this command The parameters and their interpretation are completely similar to that with respect to P Command PROM Type EPROM Type One of the types listed in section 7 1 From Buffer E O A This parameter specifies if Odd Even or AII locations from the buffer are to be verified with the EPROM data Buffer Start Segment Segment address of the starting location of the buffer The default value will be the current value of CS register Offset Offset from the starting address of the current segment The default value will be the current value of IP register Buffer End Ending address of the buffer Default value of this parameter is calculated similarly as done with the
54. If this command is not used earlier label definitions will remain valid for this session and until the command is used It is urged that this function be used whenever a fresh session with the trainer is begun especially before invoking the assembler for the first time This function will clear all random label assignments 2 LIST LABELS LL This command outputs the total count of label definitions in the symbol table and lists them FORMAT amp OPERATION LL lt CR gt To use this command in either mode of operation enter LL followed by a lt CR gt This command will first output the Label Count which is a hexadecimal count of the number of labels defined in the symbol table The symbol table follows the FIRST IN FIRST OUT method of storing label definitions and hence the order of label list is independent of address sequence The labels are listed in the order that they are defined If there are no labels defined in the symbol table this command will output a Label Count of zero with the message No Labels Defined Thus this command can be used to check the validity of the Label Clear command also If the same label name or symbol is defined more than once the command will output all the symbols with their addresses EXAMPLES 1 Use of List Labels command when no labels are defined LL lt CR gt Label Count 0000 No Labels Defined OAD 85 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual This example shows the output for the LL c
55. MONITOR Vx y SER 4800 P 88 PRN No response in serial mode If there is no response from ESA 86 88 3 Serial mode after installation as described above check the following Power supply connections as required Configuration of ESA 86 88 3 DIP Switch settings jumpers etc D 9 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual RS232C RS 485 cable connections at both the ends In case of RS 485 communication make sure that the PC CRT is able to communicate with RS 485 Standard RS 485 communication interface card should be installed in the terminal Proper connections of all signals of RS 232C RS 485 interface Ref Appendix E e Baud rate configured on trainer should match with that of the serial terminal connected to it Ensure this by setting Dip Switch positions appropriately Also check for other serial parameters Character length Stop bits etc Ifa computer system is the controlling device check that the driver program is running and the serial cable is connected to the correct and a working serial port If an LCD is interfaced with the trainer and a sign on message appears modify the serial parameters as required and verify them by pressing RESET key every time a change is made NOTE DIP Switch status is read only at Power ON Reset If you change the settings RESET the trainer If the problem still persists please contact the manufacturer For stand alone mode operation 1 Configure the trainer using DI
56. OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 BB 00 30 MOV Bx 3000 Point to a 0000 2003 DB 07 FLD BX Load a 105 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 0000 2005 9B FWAIT 0000 2006 DA OF FMUL BX Compute a2 0000 2008 9B FWAIT 0000 2009 DD D9 FST ST 1 Save a2 in ST 1 0000 200B 9B FWAIT 0000 200C 81 04 00 ADD 0004 Point to b 0000 2010 DB 07 FLD BX Load 0000 2012 9 FWAIT 0000 2013 DA OF FMUL BX Compute b2 0000 2015 9B FWAIT 0000 2016 D8 C1 FADD ST 1 ST 0 a2 b2 0000 2018 9B FWAIT 0000 2019 D9 FA FSQRT ST 0 Sqrt a b 0000 201B 9 FWAIT 0000 201C 81 D3 04 00 ADD 0004 Point to location 0000 2020 DB 17 5 BX for C and store the 0000 2022 9B FWAIT result as 32 bit 0000 2023 INT 3 integer in C amp exit 1 Load the above program into memory 2 Setup data values a and b as follows 0000 3000 03 00 00 00 0000 3004 04 00 00 00 3 Execute the program and observe the result It should be as follows 0000 3008 05 00 00 00 4 user is urged to try with different data values to observe the results Example 2 The following program calculates Sin Z where Z is in degrees and 0 Z 90 Note that the values 0 and 90 are not allowed They must be handled separately Sin Z is calculated using the Tangent function FPTAN of 8087 as follows Suppose tan 7 2 Y X Then Sin Z 2 Y The FPTAN function of 8087
57. OD DN 0000 6025 EB ED JMP AGN Repeat forever 0000 6027 ORG DLY 0000 6030 90 NOP 0000 6031 90 NOP 0000 6032 90 NOP 0000 6033 c3 RET 10 5 2 Onboard 12 Bit ADC This is a demonstration program for the optional onboard Eight Channel 12bit A D Converter for both multi channel amp single channel operation When the ADC is operated in single channel mode the MUX at U25 need not be populated and jumpers JP18 amp JP19 are open Analog input is applied at screw terminal TP When the ADC is to be used for multi channel operation the MUX is populated and eight channels are available as selected by the channel select lines Jumper JP19 is closed in this case and the analog signals are applied at the screw terminals designated as CHO to CH7 provided at J12 OAD 108 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Note When the ADC is in multi channel mode no signal is applied at TP Refer Chapter 6 for a detailed discussion on ADC operating modes Bipolar Uni polar Voltage ranges etc ADDRESS 0000 2500 0000 2503 0000 2505 0000 2507 0000 250A 0000 250C 0000 250E 0000 2511 0000 2513 0000 2514 0000 2517 0000 2519 0000 251A 0000 251D 0000 251F 0000 2520 0000 2522 0000 2525 0000 2527 0000 2529 0000 252C 0000 252D 0000 2530 0000 2532 0000 2535 0000 2537 0000 2538 0000 253A 0000 253B 0000 253D 0000 253E 0000 253F 0000 2540 0000 2541 0000 2542 0000 2544 0000 2545 0000 2547 0000 254A 0000 254B 0000 254D 0000 254F 0000 2552 000
58. P command explained in Section 7 3 1 PROM Start Absolute starting address of the EPROM from where verification of the device should begin OAD 74 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual In case of any invalid entry the system displays an error message Invalid Parameters and prompts for the parameter again When all valid parameters are entered the following message is displayed on the console Verifying If the verification is successful the appropriate message along with a 16 bit checksum of the data verified is displayed as follows Verify Completed Check Sum XXXX If the verification fails a corresponding message is displayed as follows indicating the first mismatch of data between the buffer and the EPROM Verify Failed At XXXX PROM Data XX Buffer Data XX where XXXX and XX are address and data in Hex format respectively The system then returns to the EPROM Programmer command prompt EXAMPLE Verifying the first 1000 bytes of 27128 with the buffer contents Enter P at ESA 86 88 3 Monitor command prompt to enter programmer P lt CR gt P Program Read Blank Check V Verify E Exit to Monitor Select Option V lt CR gt PROM Type 2716 0128 lt CR gt From Buffer E O A A lt CR gt Buffer Start Segment 0000 F000 lt CR gt Offset 0000 lt CR gt Buffer End 3FFF 0FFF lt CR gt PROM Start 0000 lt CR gt Verifying Verify Failed At 0000 PROM Data 02 Buffer Data
59. P Switch and jumpers as described in Section 2 2 2 Connect a PC Keyboard to the DIN connector provided 3 Connect the power supply of required capacity to ESA 86 88 3 and Power ON the trainer Now if 8086 is installed the following sign on message will appear on the LCD The sign on message is followed by the command prompt in the next line In case of 8088 CPU the sign on message will change accordingly ESA 86 MONITOR Vx y KBD P 86 Now ESA 86 88 3 is ready for operation in the keyboard mode No response in stand alone mode If the trainer does not respond satisfactorily in stand alone mode check the following Ifthe LCD backlight is off check the power supply connections e If the display is blank or shows random pattern check the configuration settings once again e If after a normal sign on message there is no response to PC keyboard entries check for proper connection at the keyboard connector NOTE DIP Switch is read only at Power ON Reset If you change the settings RESET the trainer If the problem still persists please contact the manufacturer OAD 10 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual CHAPTER 3 COMMUNICATION WITH A HOST PC 3 1 INTRODUCTION ESA 86 88 3 trainer kit is supplied with Windows and DOS driver packages which allow the user to establish communication between ESA 86 88 3 trainer in serial mode and a host PC though 1 asynchronous communication ports COMI COM2 COM3 COMA etc Both the
60. P3B3 Data 1 O P of parallel data 5 22 P3B4 Data 1 O P HIGH 1 6 23 P3B5 Data 1 O P LOW 0 7 24 P3B6 Data 1 O P 8 25 P3B7 Data 1 9 17 P3C3 5 UP A high indicates that 11 the printer cannot receive data 7 GND Signal ground 18 25 BUSY signal maybe high in following cases a During data entry b During Printing operation c In OFF LINE states d During printer error status 6 10 6 DIRECT OUTPUT TO PRINTER When the printer interface is enabled any character sent to the console is sent to the printer also This facility is available in the serial mode of operation only However user can access a routine Print String to send a string directly to the printer This routine can be called from the user s program when the system is operating in either mode Further this routine prints the string regardless of the setting of SW6 The details of the routine Print String and a demonstration example are given in the Chapter 10 6 11 ESA 86 88 3 CONNECTORS A summary of all ESA 86 88 3 connectors is given below Refer Appendix C to locate these connectors and Appendix B for their signal definitions Ji amp 2 50 Pin Bus connectors connected to system bus J3 4 terminal power connector JA 9 pin D type female connector for RS 232C compatible serial communication J5 9 pin D type male connector for RS 485 compatible serial communication J6 PC Keyboard Connector J7 25 Pin Parallel Printer interface Connector
61. Port TIMER 0 TIMER 1 TIMER 2 Command Status Reg Data port Control Port Port A Port B Port C Control Port Port A Port B Port C Control Port Port A Port B Port C Command Port Data port configured independently as either input or output USAGE System configuration 24 I O lines available to user for interfacing 24 I O lines available to user for interfacing All timers are available to the user The signals are brought out to Connector J1 and also to a header Provides interrupt vectors for 8 Onboard External interrupt sources lines used for interfacing Centronics Parallel printer I O lines used for interfacing D A and A D converters lines used for interfacing LCD Interfacing with PC keyboard for stand alone mode operation PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL INTERFACES ESA 86 88 3 features 5 onboard 8255A Programmable Peripheral Interface devices Of these two 8255s placed at U31 and U42 provide 48 I O lines that are entirely available to the user The peripheral at position U42 resides on the upper data bus while the peripheral at U31 resides on the lower data bus Each 8255A consists of three 8 bit I O data ports designated as Ports A B and C and one write only Control Register All the ports can be addressed individually and The I O address assignment can be found in the I O map given in the section 6 1 OAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual The signals of the Port A
62. RP ST PI Z 80 angle jin radians 0000 2020 9B D9 F2 FPTAN Compute tan as Y X 0000 2023 9B D9 CO FLD ST 0 Copy X onto stack top 0000 2026 9B D8 C9 FMUL ST ST 1 ST X X 0000 2029 9B D9 C2 FLD ST 2 ST Y 0000 202C 9 D8 FMUL ST ST 3 ST Y Y 0000 202 9B DE FADDP ST 1 ST Y Y is popped off ST X X Y Y 0000 2032 9B DE F9 FDIVRP SST X X X4Y Y 0000 2035 9B DE C9 FMULRP SST X Y CX X Y Y 0000 2038 9B D9 0 FLD ST 0 value onto stack 0000 203B 9B DE Cl FADDP ST 1 ST ST 2 X Y X X Y Y 0000 203E C7 06 5E 20 10 27 MOV Arg3 2710H 0000 2044 9B DF 06 5E 20 FLDI Arg3 0000 2049 9B DE C9 FMURP Result 10000 sin Z 0000 204C 9B D9 FC FRNDINT Round to integer 0000 204F 9 DF 36 60 20 FSTP Arg 4 and store as BCD 0000 2054 9B FWAIT the result into 0000 2055 1 60 20 MOV AX Arg 4 Accumulator 0000 2058 CC INT 3 Return to monitor Note that 16 locations 0 205A to 206A ARG2 ARG3 and are used for storing the constants and results 1 Load the above program into the memory 2 Setup the input parameter in the register AL for example to calculate Sin 60 AL 3C H 3 Execute the program and observe the contents of AX with input as AL 3C AX will now be 8660 so Sin 60 0 8660 4 Repeat the program with different input data and observe the output as shown below Input AL Output AX Calculated function 1E 5000 sin 30 2E 7193 sin 46 10 2756 s
63. S CS Mem8 Effective address or Symbolic reference pointing to Byte data Mem16 Effective address or Symbolic reference pointing to Word data Data8 8 bit Immediate data or Symbolic reference Data16 16 bit Immediate data or Symbolic reference Dispi6 16 bit displacement Offset Segi6 16 bit Segment specifier Port8 I O Port with 8 bit address Address Memory location Offset at which to branch program control Short label Label representing 8 bit displacement i e within 127 bytes from current IP Label Label representing displacement beyond 127 bytes from current IP but in the same segment Far label Label referencing an address in another Code Segment Effective addresses pointing to either Byte or Word values can be included in the source statements in any of the following formats Base Register Index Register Base Index Base Displacement Index Displacement Base Index Displacement Address or Instruction Description Operands Syntax Mnemonic Remarks OAD 120 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 222 Addition AAD ASCII Adjust after Division ASCII Adjust after Multiplication ASCII Adjust after Subtraction ADC ADD Destination and Reg8 Reg8 Source with carry Reg8 Mem8 Reg8 Data8 Mem8 Reg8 Mem8 Data8 ADCI Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode ADCW Reg16 Mem16 Reg16 Data16 Mem16 Reg16 Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode ADDW Reg16 Mem16 Reg16 Data16 Mem16 Reg16
64. UT CRLF to go to new line 0000 200A 8 00 21 MOV 2100 Display message 0000 200D 29A 13 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0013 using OUT STRING OAD 100 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 0000 2012 9 C7 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 00 7 Use GET BYTE routine 0000 2017 8 D8 MOV BL AL to read user input 0000 2019 8 AH AL Check if user input 0000 201B 9A 23 01 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0123 is valid HEX char 0000 2020 3c 00 CMP AL 00 in ASCII using 0000 2022 74 16 JZ INV VALID HEX routine 0000 2024 B8 50 21 MOV AX 2150 Display o p message 0000 2027 9 13 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0013 if input is valid 0000 202C 8 AH BL Convert HEX value 0000 202E 9 31 01 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0131 to ASCII using ASCII HEX routine 0000 2033 9 52 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0052 Output binary value 0000 2038 EB CB JMP RPT Repeat the sequence 0000 203A B8 30 21 INV MOV AX 2130 For invalid i p 0000 203D 9A 13 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0013 display appropriate 0000 2042 INT 3 message and return control to monitor 0000 2043 ORG 2100 Display message strings in memory 0000 2100 45 4E 54 45 52 20 ASC ENTER VALID HEX CHARACTER IN ASCII 0000 2106 56 41 4C 49 44 20 0000 210C 48 45 58 20 43 48 0000 2112 41 52 41 43 54 45 0000 2118 52 20 49 4E 20 41 0000 211 53 43 49 49 0000 2122 20 00 DB 20 00 0000 2124 ORG 2130 0000 2130 OA OD DB 0A 0D 0000 2132 49 4E 56 41 4C ASC INVALID INPUT 0000 2137 49 44 20 49 4E 0000 213C
65. V DX FFE7 0200 0033 F7 DO NOT AX 0200 0035 92 XCHG AX DX 0200 0036 B9 01 00 MOV 0001 0200 0039 D2 FB SAR BL CL 0200 003B 9A 00 10 00 FB CALLS FB00 1000 0200 0040 cc INT 03 In stand alone mode of operation the output for the same command will be in the pattern described below As mentioned earlier the monitor waits for a user strobe after disassembling and displaying one location and its corresponding parameters 2 200 30 40 CR 0200 0030 MOV DX FFE7 BA E7 FF lt CR gt 0200 0033 NOT AX F7 DO lt CR gt 0200 0035 XCHG AX DX 92 CR 0200 0036 MOV 0001 B9 01 00 lt CR gt OAD 90 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 0200 0039 SAR BL CL D2 FB lt CR gt 0200 003B CALLS FB00 1000 9A 00 10 00 FB lt CR gt 0200 0040 INT 03 CC lt CR gt e Since the end address offset specified with the command is relative to the segment value of the start address this command disassemble and display a maximum of 64 bytes of machine code single operation e Specifying an end address offset value lesser than the start address offset results in an error 8 7 ADDRESSING MODES ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line assembler supports all the addressing modes of 8086 8088 The syntax to be followed for the various addressing modes is summarized as follows Please refer Appendix F for the list of Instruction mnemonics and the syntax supported by the assembler NOTE Base Registers Index Registers Base
66. ace ESA 86 88 3 can be operated in standalone mode using optional PC AT keyboard and LCD or in serial mode with the host computer through its RS 232C RS 485 interface 1 1 SYSTEM CAPABILITIES e Assemble 8086 8088 Instruction Mnemonics using ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler Disassemble HEX bytes from memory into 8086 88 CPU instructions e Perform fast numerical computations using the optional 8087 Numeric Data Processor Execute the user program at full speed or debug the program through Single Step Breakpoint facilities Examine Modify the contents of memory locations in byte or word format Examine Modify the processor registers e Write or read data to or from I O ports byte or word format e Operations on blocks of memory such as filling a block of memory with a constant byte or word data comparing a block of memory with another block copying a block of data or program within the memory and displaying memory blocks in byte or word format 1 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Communicate with Host PC serially through RS 232C RS485 interface at a baud rate of up to 38400 and develop debug applications using the user friendly Windows or DOS driver packages Download user programs into ESA 86 88 3 from a host computer system in Intel HEX as well as Intel Extended HEX format Upload user programs to Host Computer system and save them as HEX files on a system e Use the monitor resident Cen
67. am module initializes TIMER 1 of 8253A in Mode 3 Square Wave Generator After entering and executing this program the user can observe a square waveform at TIMER of connector J10 on an oscilloscope with a time base of 5ms Note that the user should connect appropriate signals to CLK1 and GATE terminals of connector J10 ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 BA FF FF MOV DX OFFFF 0000 2003 BO 76 MOV AL 76 Control Word for 0000 2005 EE OUT DX AL TIMER 1 in MODE 3 0000 2006 BA FB FF MOV DX OF FFB Load 16 bit Count 0000 2009 BO 10 MOV AL 10 in TIMER 1 Count 0000 200B EE OUT DX AL register 0000 200C EE OUT DX AL OAD 104 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 0000 200D FE NOW JMP NOW 10 3 4 Onboard Programmable Peripheral Interface 8255 ESA 86 88 3 provides the user with 48 programmable I O lines using two programmable peripheral interfaces viz 8255 ICs at U31 and U42 These lines are brought to 26 pin connectors 18 and J9 respectively The user may connect any interface module compatible to these connectors and program the corresponding PPI to work with the interface The addresses of control and data ports are given in Chapter 6 This is a demonstration program for Stepper Motor Interface assumed to be connected over connector J8 of the trainer corresponding to 8255 PPI Low The interface can be obtained from ESA Pvt Ltd Bangalore as an option ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 BA E
68. ansfer control to the program at the address specified by the content of these locations 10 3 2 Programmable Interrupt Controller 8259A ESA 86 88 3 provides an onboard Programmable interrupt Controller 8259A that can accept 8 interrupt requests from onboard or off board sources is used to generate an external interrupt to the CPU on the INTR pin The configuration for interrupt sources is described in Chapter 2 OAD 102 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual This program illustrates the use of onboard 8259 to generate interrupts using onboard signals as interrupt sources The interrupt sources selected here are signals from Port C of 8255 1 at U31 There are two interrupt sources available from this Port on IR1 and IR2 of 8259A We make use of both the sources in this example 8259A 1s programmed with a base value for Interrupt Type 72 decimal Since the interrupts occur on IRI and IR2 of the interrupt controller 8259A will send out a type code of 724 1273 decimal on recognition of Similarly a type code of 74 decimal is sent on recognition of IR2 Thus pointers for interrupt service routines for these interrupts must be stored at location 73 4 decimal onwards and at 74x4 decimal onwards In this example the service routine for IR1 begins at location 0 3050H and the interrupt service routine for IR2 begins at 0 3100H This vectoring information should be stored at locations 0124H 0125H 0126H and 0127H for and 0128H 0129H
69. at locations 0 2100H onwards The message string at the end of the routine may be entered using Substitute Memory command also using the HEX equivalents of the ASCII characters given ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2100 B8 00 00 MOV 0000 Initialize segment 0000 2103 8E CO MOV ES AX registers 0000 2105 B8 67 20 MOV AX 2067 Set up memory pointer 0000 2108 9A 31 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0031 0000 210D 9A 13 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0013 Display message 0000 2112 9A A9 00 00 FE CALLS OFE00 00A9 Wait for user 0000 2117 EA 00 00 00 JMPS 0 000 0000 strobe and end 0000 211C ORG 2050 0000 2050 57 41 49 54 49 4E ASC WAITING FOR 0000 2056 47 20 46 4F 52 0000 205B 0A OD DB 0A 0D 0000 205D 42 52 45 41 4B ASC BREAK KEY 0000 2062 20 4B 45 59 0000 2066 00 0 DB 00 0A 0000 2068 42 52 45 41 4B 20 ASC BREAK KEY ACCEPTED 0000 206E 4B 45 59 41 43 43 0000 2074 45 50 54 45 44 21 0000 207A 00 DB 00 Now execute the program from 0 2000H using the GO command The program will output a message WAITING FOR BREAK KEY and will wait for a user strobe When the user presses the KBINT key on the trainer the message BREAK KEY ACCEPTED is displayed The program now waits for another user strobe before returning to command entry mode NOTE The user can independently write vectoring information for Type 2 interrupt at locations 0 0008H and 0 000AH using substitute memory commands Pressing KBINT key anytime will then tr
70. can be made using the information in the following table JUMPER INTERRUPT SELECTED 8259A INTERRUPT JP 15 B C PC3 of U42 8255A JP 15 A B INTO TRO JP 16 B C PC3 of U31 8255A JP 16 INT1 JP 17 B C PCO of U31 8255A JP 17 A B INT2 IR2 JP 1 B C TxRDYA of U12 SCN 2681 JP 1 A B INT3 IR3 JP 2 B C RxRDYA of U12 SCN 2681 JP 2 A B INT4 IR4 JP 3 B C TIMER 1 of U5 8253 JP 3 A B INT5 IR5 4 TIMER 2 of U5 8253 JP 4 A B INT6 IR6 JP 5 B C NDPINT of U32 8087 JP 5 INT7 IR7 INTO to INT7 are from system connector J1 Factory installation leaves all the jumpers open 2 2 INSTALLATION OF ESA 86 88 3 To install and operate ESA 86 88 3 trainer the following accessories are required a Power Supply 5V 1 5 A max t 12 250mA max for working with ADC DAC b For Serial mode of operation CRT or Host PC with RS 232C RS 485 interface with the driver software and RS 232C RS 485 compatible Serial Cables For Standalone mode operation 20 x 4 LCD and PC Keyboard D 8 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual The following steps common for either mode of operation with ESA 86 88 3 Trainer Select the CPU 8086 or 8088 and Mode of Operation using the DIP Switch Select interrupt sources if required by configuring the jumpers Select EPROM configuration if necessary Ref Section 2 1 5 Install 8087 NDP if desired Ref Section 2 1 6
71. ch completes a conversion in as little as 10uSec This interfacing finds extensive use in the fields of analog measurements transducer interfacing Industrial monitoring and so on Circuit description Please refer to the schematic diagram presented in Appendix A For using the ADC the user must connect 12V and 12V supplies to the trainer at the Power connector J3 The different modes of operation of the ADC and its configuration for different voltage spans are given below OAD 62 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Single channel multi channel operation Jumper JP19 decides whether the circuit is intended for single channel or 8 channel operation For single operation no Multiplexer is used and JP19 is left OPEN Input signal is given at screw terminal TP For multi channel operation jumper JP19 is closed Signals to the ADC can now be given from up to eight different channels through the Multiplexer The Multiplexer is used to make the channel selection by using Port lines PC4 to PC7 of 8255 4 at U26 Input signals are applied to any desired channel at screw terminals provided at J12 The channel selection is as shown in the table below P2C7 P2C6 P2C5 P2C4 Channel Selected 0 None 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 3 1 1 0 0 4 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 1 0 6 1 1 1 1 7 ADC interfacing to 8255 The converted data is latched into the latches 74LS374 040 U41 P3A1 OF 8255 at U1 enables or disables
72. clock with 33 duty cycle as required by 8086 8088 Further 8284A provides a 4 MHz PCLK with 50 duty cycle which can be used as a clock source for onboard peripherals Both these clock outputs are available on the bus connector and may be used as a source clock frequency to external peripherals The user can also opt for a 15 MHz crystal as the clock source for the Clock generator and operate the CPU at 5 MHz This option may be utilized by placing a jumper at JP 23 which selects the 15MHz crystal as input to the 8284 clock generator NOTE Placing a jumper at JP 22 corrects the clock output of the 8284 to TTL compatible levels OAD 52 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 5 1 3 CPU ADDRESS BUS Latches 74LS373s at U18 U19 and U30 are used to latch the address with the help of ALE signal These latches are always enabled since there is no provision for external bus master Also note that BHE Status signals 50 S1 and 52 are also latched As the CPU operates in maximum mode the 8288 bus controller is used to decode the status signals and provide all the control signals 51 4 CORRECTED 8086 CPU generates signal on 34 and this signal is used to access the devices residing on the upper data bus However 8088 CPU always drives a high signal on pin 34 as its access is always over the lower data bus To accommodate this difference a corrected BHE signal is used in the rest of the system This corrected BHE
73. cters to be in upper case OOD LLL LLLI HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual However Win863 driver is not case sensitive So Keyboard with CAPSLOCK on is not required 3 6 1 DOWNLOAD OPERATION This feature allows to download the contents of an object code file into the memory of ESA 86 88 3 The object code file must be a file with records in INTEL 8 Bit HEX format Please refer to the relevant INTEL manuals for the definition of INTEL 8 Bit HEX format Most of the cross assemblers for 8086 do produce object code files which are HEX files with records in INTEL 8 Bit HEX format 1 To perform download operation click on download button or go to file menu and choose download option in the Win863 dialog box Now user can see the following dialog box WinB63 Windows Driver For Esa 86 88 3 Trainer Fies View Run Externall F Commands 1 0 Window Help Download File Name Path Hex Browse COM 9600 0000 0000 2 Here click on Browse tab and select hex file name which user wants to download Then user can see the following dialog box KB AT HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Ales View Run Externall F Commands IJO Window Help Open HEX File Look in E 862 1 emerit i OFP 821 INTS6 HEX C3xXTOLDPKG 22 Recent 12RELAY HEX 29 823 8086 S DEMO824 HEX
74. d as 0A5 Labels can be used in the operand field provided that they are been already defined OAD 83 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 8 3 4 SEGMENT OVERRIDE OPTION Segment override option can be exercised by giving the segment register instruction prior to the actual instruction e g MOV ES SI AL instruction specifies a byte movement with the segment register ES overriding the default segment register DS To realize this instruction in the present assembler the user must enter the following source statements ES CR MOV SI AL NOTE The segment register override instruction will be applicable for all the instructions that follow it The assembler will not check for the override capability of the next instruction Thus if you want the override option for only one instruction you must restore the default segment register explicitly 8 3 5 MORE ON USAGE OF LABELS Whenever labels are included in source statements the assembler understands them as address references The following discussion on labels should serve as guidelines during program assembly using ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One line Assembler e label definitions can have a maximum of three significant characters e If a previously defined label is defined again during assembly then the new definition is also recorded in the symbol table All future references to this label will result in only the new address being referred More than one label can be define
75. d at one location In such cases this location can be referred by using any of these labels e Labels be used with Assembler directives also However if used with ORG directive there is no label assignment in the symbol table since this directive does not perform any memory allocation e Label referencing for different addressing modes can be done using the label name directly with the instruction EXAMPLES Refer Section 8 5 also 1 The instruction MOV AX R1 will move the address location referenced by If R1 is defined at 0 2500H then executing this instruction will transfer 2500H to AX register 2 The instruction MOV AX R1 will move the contents at the location referenced by 3 source statement ORG R1 will direct the assembler to begin assembly from location referenced by R1 4 The same holds true for branching instructions viz LOOP and JUMP OAD 84 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 8 4 LABEL COMMANDS ESA 86 88 3 Monitor provides two support commands for the assembler pertaining to usage of labels The commands are briefly discussed here 1 LABEL CLEAR LC This command clears all labels from the symbol table in the system memory FORMAT amp OPERATION LC lt CR gt To use this command in either mode of operation the user has to enter LC followed by a lt CR gt This command will clear the symbol table and all label definitions generated in the earlier invocations of the assembler are lost
76. display the accepted byte or word FORMAT I port address CR CR IW port address lt CR gt CR OPERATION 1 Both the commands operate in a similar way Enter I to input byte or IW to input word when prompted for command entry Now enter the address of the port to be read followed by CR Since the I O space is only 64K bytes no segment value is permitted with port address 2 The monitor now reads the byte or word at the specified port and displays it on the console or LCD To proceed with the command enter comma Each subsequent comma increments the port address and displays the current data at the addressed port on a new line Entering a carriage return terminates the command and the monitor returns to the command entry mode OAD 42 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual EXAMPLES 1 Input a byte from parallel I O port at address FFE1H 1 lt gt FFE1 FA lt CR gt 2 Input a series of words from parallel I O ports located at addresses and FFE6H IWFFEO CR FFEO A2A2 FFE2 B2B2 4 C2C2 FFE6 D2D2 CR Note that when using word input i e IW command lower order addresses i e addresses on word boundaries are entered as port addresses 4 5 7 OUTPUT BYTE AND OUTPUT WORD COMMANDS FUNCTION The Output Byte O and Output Word OW commands are used to output a byte or word to an output port FORMAT O lt port address gt CR lt data
77. dress gt lt end address gt lt CR gt Displays block of memory in byte format DW Display Memory Words DW lt start address gt lt end address gt lt CR gt Displays block of memory in word format x Examine modify Registers X lt reg gt lt CR gt lt new data gt CR Displays modifies 8086 8088 CPU registers M Move Memory M lt start address gt lt end address gt lt destination Copies a block of memory from address gt lt CR gt one location to the other F Fill Memory Bytes F lt start address gt lt end address gt lt byte Fills a block of Memory with value gt lt CR gt constant byte data FW Fill Memory Words F lt start address gt lt end address gt lt byte Fills a block of Memory with value gt lt CR gt constant Word data I Input byte I port address gt lt CR gt CR Accepts and displays the data byte at the input port IW Input Word IW port address lt CR gt CR Accepts and displays the data word at the input port Output byte O port address gt lt CR gt lt data gt CR Outputs a data byte to the output port OW Output Word OW port address gt lt CR gt lt data gt CR Outputs a data word to the output port Compare Memory C lt start address1 gt lt end address1 gt lt start Compares a block of memory with address2 gt lt CR gt another block G Go Execute G CR lt start address gt lt breakpoint Transfers the processor control add
78. e operating mode and data format of each channel can be programmed independently and each receiver and transmitter can select its operating speed as one of eighteen fixed baud rates a 16 x clock derived from a programmable counter timer or an external 1 x or 16 x clock The clock input to the DUART is an onboard 3 6864 MHz crystal Channel A of the DUART is programmed for serial communication using RS232C standard while Channel B is programmed for RS485 communication The interfacing requirements and connector details for either operation are given in Appendix E The Baud rate selection for serial communication is made by Dip Switch settings and up to 16 different standard baud rates can be established Refer Chapter 2 for the look up table for baud rate selection Separate serial connections are provided on the trainer for interfacing with RS 232C and RS 485 ports J4 9 pin Female type Connector for RS 232 Communication J5 9 pin Male type Connector for RS 485 Communication To establish serial communication using ESA 86 88 3 the user has to interface the serial terminal with either of these connectors using appropriate serial cable The following table gives the addressing information with respect to the various control registers of SCN 2681 DUART Although the serial monitor initializes the device the user may use the following information to re configure the device to suit individual needs OAD 60 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual SCN 2
79. eakpoint facility the monitor saves the instruction at the breakpoint address and replaces it with an interrupt before transferring control to the user s program When the program reaches the breakpoint address control is returned to the monitor The monitor saves all CPU registers restores the break pointed instruction and outputs the previously described pattern It then issues the command entry prompt allowing the user to modify any of the registers memory locations before resuming the execution of the program From the above discussion it is clear that The user can specify a Breakpoint address only when comma precedes it The segment value for the breakpoint address is always relative to the start address segment value e An instruction in the read only memory cannot be break pointed Break point address must be specified each time when a program to be break pointed is executed BRQ is displayed on the console only i e it appears only in the serial mode In stand alone mode the monitor proceeds with the registers display directly EXAMPLES 1 Transfer control to the program at 2000H relative to CS register G CR G 0000 0000 2000 CR 2 Transfer CPU control to a program starting at location 20 300H and breakpoint the instruction at location 20 3F2H G CR G 0000 0000 20 300 3F2 CR BRE 1182 113 CX 000F DX 1242 SP 0100 4020 SI 6020 DI 6F20 DS 0000 55 0000 5 0000 CS 0020 IP 03F
80. elative to the segment address specified with the start address Hence a segment address should not be specified with the end address However if no segment address is specified with the start address parameter then the address range of disassembly is relative to current CS register contents In stand alone mode the monitor waits for a user strobe after displaying one location the instruction and the machine code at that location and then either returns to command prompt or refreshes the LCD and displays the next disassembled location the instruction and the respective code In serial mode the entire specified memory range is disassembled and displayed as a continuous list after which the monitor returns to command prompt OAD 89 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual e In serial mode operation display control commands viz Ctrl S Ctrl Q lt Ctrl S gt can be used to control the output flow to the console Refer Section 4 4 labels or symbols defined during assembly are not displayed during the disassembly Appropriate address references or values defined using symbolic constants replace the labels and symbols defined EXAMPLES 1 Disassembling the Hex codes at location 0000 2000H Assume CS content is previously set to 0000 in Serial Mode of operation Z 2000 CR 0000 2000 92 XCHG AX DX 2 Disassembling a range of memory locations from 0200 0030H to 0200 0040H 2 200 30 40 CR 0200 0030 BA E7 FF MO
81. ems under PC DOS MS DOS However a COM file can be downloaded into ESA 86 88 3 as described below OAD 28 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Convert the COM file to HEX file using the file converter package COM2HEX COM which is included on the distribution CDROM To invoke the file converter type COM2HEX followed by RETURN at the DOS prompt The system will now display the following sign on message ELECTRO SYSTEMS ASSOCIATES PVT LTD BANGALORE COM TO HEX FILE CONVERTER V1 0 Then the system will prompt for the input file name load segment value and origin value in a manner exactly similar to the one described in the previous section The meaning and interpretation of these parameters and the possible error messages are also same as in the previous section However as a COM file is not expected to have a separate stack segment COM2HEX does not display SS and SP values as is done by EXE2HEX program 29 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual CHAPTER 4 ESA 86 88 3 MONITOR COMMANDS ESA 86 88 3 Microprocessor can be operated either in serial or stand alone mode This chapter describes the serial and standalone mode monitor commands used for working with the trainer Most of the monitor commands in either mode of operation bear uniformity in syntax and operation The following discussion on Monitor commands is therefore common to either mode of trainer operation unless otherwise specified 4 1 GENERAL OPERATION Installation and Con
82. ent Segment address of the starting location of the buffer The default value will be the current value of CS register Offset Offset from the starting address of the current segment The default value will be the current value of IP register OAD 72 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual In case of any invalid entry the system displays an error message Invalid Parameters and prompts for the parameter again The parameters must satisfy the following relations These relations hold good for Blank Check command also i PROM Start lt Absolute end address of the EPROM ii PROM End lt Absolute end address of the EPROM and gt PROM Start If all parameters are entered correctly the system proceeds with reading the device and displays Reading The EPROM data is transferred into ESA 86 88 3 memory starting from the location specified as Buffer Start address into successive odd or even locations Once all the bytes specified in the EPROM range are read the system displays a 16 bit Check Sum of the data read and indicates whether reading is completed Check Sum XXXX Reading Completed If however all the bytes are not transferred into ESA 86 88 3 memory space then the system displays the number of bytes read from the EPROM in Hex and a 16 bit check sum of these bytes NNNN as shown below Such a situation is encountered when the buffer range specified is lesser than the EPROM range Note that in this case the message
83. er any key after which it returns to the monitor ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 BE 00 25 MOV 5 2500 up memory pointer 0000 2003 B1 OD MOV CL OE and count 0000 2005 8A 04 MOV AL ST 0000 2007 9 00 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0000 11 OUT CHAR routine OAD 99 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 0000 200 46 5 0000 200D E2 F6 LOOP 2005 Repeat display 0000 200F 9A 9 00 00 FE CALLS OFE00 00A9 11 GET CHAR routine 0000 2014 cc INT 3 Return to Monitor The user should fill the locations from 0 2500H to 0 250DH with the following Hexadecimal data bytes These bytes are the HEX equivalents of the ASCII characters contained in the output message 0000 2500 OA OA 48 45 4 4C AF 20 57 4F 52 4C 44 21 20 Example 2 This program demonstrates the use of GET STRING and SEND STRING routines The program prompts the user to enter a message from the keyboard in either mode and outputs the same message on the console The output of the program will appear only on the console Execute this program in stand alone mode and also connect the trainer to a CRT or PC using RS 232C serial interface If the communication package is running the message entered via the PC keyboard interfaced with the trainer will be displayed on the console ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 4000 B8 00 00 MOV 0000 Initialize segment 0000 4003 8E CO MOV ES AX registers 0000 4005 B8 50 4
84. ers as explained before Thus the display pattern while entering the second source statement in the above example in stand alone mode will be as described below 0000 2000 LOOPNE 1FEB EO E9 A MOV AX AABB lt CR gt OAD 81 QO ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual The LCD is now refreshed once and will display the error message Invalid Operands Now the Assembler waits for a CR from the user to proceed with the assembly process When the user enters CR the display is refreshed again and the same location counter with the corresponding parameters is output as follows 0000 2000 LOOPNE 1FEB EO E9 lt gt Upon successful assembly the next location counter is directly displayed as shown below 0000 2003 MOV AL 90 BO 90 A Ifthe user wishes to view the machine code generated for the instruction entered then he can do so by using the Origin Control Directive ORG specifying the previous address in the statement For instance the user can view the machine code generated in the previous example by following the pattern described below 0000 2000 LOOPNE 1FEB E9 A MOV lt gt 0000 2003 MOV AL 90 BO 90 A ORG 2000 CR 0000 2000 MOV B8 BB AA A It may be seen from the above that ESA 86 88 3 provides an easy to use assembly level programming environment even in the stand alone mode The user is urged to try out the above examples in bot
85. ets with 628512 512K RAM and by using appropriate jumper settings Sockets U8 amp 011 are provided for memory expansion using either RAM or ROM Socket Nos Devices Compatible Memory Type total U6 amp U9 1 27512 128K EPROM 2 27010 256K EPROM 3 27020 512K EPROM 4 27040 1024K EPROM U7 amp U10 1 628128 256K SRAM 2 628512 512K SRAM U8 amp 011 1 27512 128K Expansion ROM 2 27010 256K Expansion ROM 3 27020 512K Expansion ROM 4 628128 256K Expansion RAM 5 628512 512K Expansion RAM Memory Configuration 1 EPROM Device at U6 amp U9 JP 6 27C512 B C 27C010 B C 27C020 A B 27C040 A B 2 RAM Device at U7 amp U10 JP 20 JP 8 628128 A B A B 628512 B C B C 3 EXPANSION MEMORY Device at US amp U11 JP 9 JP 10 JP 11 JP 12 JP 13 JP 14 27 512 X A B X B C A B A B 27 010 27 020 628128 628512 Don t care Default factory setting Od 7 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 2 1 6 8087 INSTALLATION ESA 86 88 3 has on board provision for 8087 Numeric Data Processor To install it just populate the socket labeled U32 with 8087 No other hardware changes are necessary 2 1 7 INTERRUPT SELECTION ESA 86 88 3 features an 8259A Priority Interrupt controller The interrupt sources to 8259A can be selected either from certain on board signals or off board signals The selection
86. example illustrating the use of BREAK key is given in Chapter 10 The INT maskable interrupt is connected to the INTR output of 8259A Ref section 2 1 7 for details of interrupt selections The system expansion connectors also provide the facility to cascade external 8259A PICs with the onboard interrupt controller D 55 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Internal Interrupts INT 3 can be used by user programs to return control to the monitor INT 1 is reserved by the monitor and is used for Single Stepping Other internal interrupts are available to user 5 5 8087 NUMERIC DATA PROCESSOR On board provision is made for 8087 Co processor The CPU can be either 8086 or 8088 To install 8087 switch off the power and populate 8087 in the socket U32 No other hardware changes are necessary Refer the component layout diagram in Appendix C The NDPINT output from the NDP can also be used as an on board interrupt source to the interrupt controller Refer Section 2 1 6 5 6 BUS EXPANSION The buffered address data and control signals are provided on the bus connectors J1 and J2 The Bus connector details are given in the tables below The user may use this information and implement bus interfacing accordance to individual requirements The signal definitions and details of all connectors and headers are given in Appendix B J1 CONNECTED TO SYSTEM BUS GND 2 GND GND GND GATEI GATE2 CONCLK RESET 0
87. execute and user can see the output 7 Otherwise go to view menu and select command window option then user can find the following dialog box Command Window ESA 86 MONITOR 06 0 ESA 86 MONITOR 06 0 ESA 86 MONITOR 06 0 ESA 86 MONITOR 06 0 Command gt Here user can give GO command and execute the program OOD I HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 3 6 2 UPLOAD OPERATION This feature allows uploading of the data from the memory of ESA 86 88 3 to the computer and saves the data in the specified disk file in INTEL 8 Bit HEX format 1 To perform download operation click on upload button or go to file menu and choose upload option in the Win863 dialog box Now user can see the following dialog box Win863 Windows Driver For Esa 86 88 3 Trainer Files View Run ExternalI F Commands I O Window Help Upload File Name Path Hex Select Segment Address 0000 Start Address 0000 End Address 0000 vo CONNECTED uus CAPS COM 9600 0000 0000 2 Here click on Select tab and give the name the file to save then user can find following dialog box Here user can select the path where the upload file should be DA 20 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 12 Win863 Windows Driver For Esa 86 88 3 Trainer 115 x Files View Run ExternalI F Commands I O Window Help Eos S cem 5 8 gt 0000 foooo Save in
88. eys PC keyboard 67 LCD INTERFACE In the stand alone mode an LCD is used as an output terminal for working with ESA 86 88 3 Trainer The display is initialized as follows e 20 Digits 4 Lines Left entry display LCD module comprises two registers Instruction and Data register Three control signals RS R W and E determine the operating status of LCD E 1 For any operation with the LCD RS 1 2 Operation with Data Register RSz0 Operation with Instruction Register RW 0 Write to LCD RW 1 Read from LCD The control and data lines to the LCD are controlled by the 8255 positioned at U27 These lines are brought to the flow strip at J11 where the LCD is inserted An example program to initialize the LCD is given in Chapter 10 68 8 CHANNEL 12 BIT A D CONVERTER ESA 86 88 3 features an optional onboard 8 Channel 12 bit ADC The interfacing circuit consists of an analog Multiplexer that enables signal acquisition from up to eight different analog sources to be acquired This ADC can accept either unipolar signals in the range 0 to 10V or bipolar signals of 5V to 5V or in the range of 10V to 10V The voltage span can be selected by placing suitable jumpers By adding a single resister in shunt with the input current signals of 0 to 20mA or 4 to 20mA can also be directly handled by this interfacing circuit This circuit is built around the industry standard Fast ADC AD1674 built in reference clock and sample hold circuit whi
89. f data as part of a program This directive supports up to two constants separated by a comma or space E g 0000 2240 44 INC SP A T1 DB 12 0 4 lt gt gt DB 12 0A4 This source statement will initialize location 0 2240 with the value 12H and location 0 2241 with the value A4H Further the symbol T1 is made equal to 2240H 4 Word Initialization DW lt label gt DW value CR This directive is similar to DB directive except that with this directive a word of memory rather than a byte is initialized Further only one value is permitted with one statement E g 0000 2240 44 INC SP DW 1240 CR DW 1240 will initialize the word location at 0 2240H with the value 1240H 5 String constant Initialization ASC ASC String This directive allows the user to enter a string of characters and have these characters translated to ASCII Codes and stored in the memory The string can have a maximum of 160 characters The string must be enclosed within a pair of single quote 7 characters E g 0000 2000 90 XCHG AX AX A ASC ESA CR gt ASC ESA This source statement will initialize locations 0 2000H 2001H amp 2002H respectively with 45H 53H and 41H Now the assembler will overwrite the original line with the string displayed in op code field OAD 88 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 86 DISASSEMBLY COMMAND 7 ESA 86 88 3 Monitor provides an extremely useful command viz Disassembly in sup
90. figuration of ESA 86 88 3 is described in Chapter 2 It is essential that the trainer should be configured properly for working with it smoothly Getting a proper sign on message upon RESET as explained in the previous chapter is the minimum requirement for working with ESA 86 88 3 Reset Status On Power ON Reset all information about the previous user program is lost and the registers may acquire new data However the contents of user RAM are not disturbed if onboard RESET is used If the RAM is backed up with battery then the user RAM data is not lost even if power is switched OFF Resetting the trainer initializes the segment amp status registers of the CPU as described below Table 4 1 Register Initialization Register Value HEX CS Code Segment DS Data Segment ES Extra Segment SS Stack Segment IP Instruction Pointer FL Flags SP Stack Pointer Further interrupt vectors 1 2 and 3 are initialized as follows Interrupt 1 Single Step Interrupt This interrupt is used by the monitor with the step command Interrupt 2 NMI Non maskable Interrupt This interrupt is implemented by BREAK key and the vectoring information is completely user defined Interrupt 3 Breakpoint Interrupt This interrupt is used with GO command and its use is at the user s discretion A detailed discussion of the 8086 8088 interrupt vectors can be found in the Intel s 8086 Family User s Manual Chap
91. files one has to determine the load segment from where the load module is to be located and then relocate it appropriately using the control and relocation information present in the EXE file This process is accomplished by the LOADER program on the computer system Because of these factors downloading EXE files into ESA 86 88 3 an altogether different execution environment is not a convenient procedure and user is encouraged to utilize X8086 cross assembler However EXE files with total size less than 64K can be downloaded as described in the following steps a Convert the EXE file to HEX file using the file converter package EXE2HEX COM This file is included on the distribution diskette To invoke the file converter type EXE2HEX 26 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual followed by RETURN at the DOS prompt The system will now display the following sign on message ELECTRO SYSTEMS ASSOCIATES PVT LTD BANGALORE EXE TO HEX FILE CONVERTER V1 0 Then the system will prompt for input file name as shown below FILE NAME Enter the file name with the extension followed by RETURN If the specified filename is an invalid one refer to your DOS manual for file name conventions it displays the message WHAT FILE SIR and returns to DOS If the specified file does not exist it displays the message FILE NOT FOUND or the message PATH NOT FOUND and returns to DOS IF the file can not be read it displays the message ACCESS DENIED and
92. follows Trainer End System End 9 pin D type female TXD Pin 3 RXD Pin 3 RXD Pin 2 TXD Pin 2 RTS Pin 7 CTS Pin 5 CTS Pin 8 RTS Pin 4 DSR Pin 6 DTR Pin 20 DTR Pin 4 DSR Pin 6 GND Pin 5 GND Pin 7 Note If hardware handshaking is not required interconnect the following e RTS and CTS Pin 7 and 8 DSR DTR Pin 6 and 4 2 RS 485 Communication Cable requirements RS 485 Standard communication can be established by connecting an interfacing cable to the Host computer system or CRT terminal through J5 the 9 pin D type male connector provided on the trainer These are the connections required for the RS 485 cable Trainer End System End 9 pin D type male A Pin 3 amp 2 RXD amp TXD B Pin 8 amp 6 RXD amp TXD DOS waar ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual ESA 86 88 3 SYMBOLIC ONE LINE ASSEMBLER MNEMONICS SYNTAX This appendix gives the mnemonic syntax of each 8086 8088 CPU instruction supported by ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler Comments about certain instructions are also given at appropriate locations Refer Chapter 8 for a detailed discussion of the facilities provided by the assembler The following convention is used for indicating registers addresses and immediate data Reg8 8 bit registers AL CL DL BL AH CH BH DH Regi6 16 Bit registers AX CX DX BX SP BP SI DI SegReg Segment Registers DS ES S
93. for Serial communication using SCN 2681 Dual Channel UART is obtained by setting Dip Switches 1 to 4 Dip Switch settings for various Baud rates are described below DIP SW1 DIP SW2 DIPSW3 DIPSW4 Baud Rate ON ON ON ON 50 OFF ON ON ON 110 ON OFF ON ON 134 5 OFF OFF ON ON 200 ON ON OFF ON 300 OFF ON OFF ON 600 ON OFF OFF ON 1200 OFF OFF OFF ON 1050 ON ON ON OFF 2400 OFF ON ON OFF 4800 ON OFF ON OFF 7200 OFF OFF ON OFF 9600 ON ON OFF OFF 38400 OFF ON OFF OFF NOT USED ON OFF OFF OFF NOT USED OFF OFF OFF OFF NOT USED Default factory Setting Max Baud rate using Windows Driver package 2 4 4 PRINTER ENABLE DISABLE ESA 86 88 3 firmware includes the driver software for Centronics compatible Parallel Printer interface This driver can be enabled disabled as shown below Section 6 10 describes installation and operation of this interface in detail DIP SW6 Printer Driver OFF Disabled ON Enabled Default factory Setting D 6 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 2 4 5 MEMORY SELECTION ESA 86 88 3 has six 32 pin sockets labeled U6 to U11 for RAM and ROM through which the user can address up to Bytes of memory Memory configuration and jumper settings for various memory ICs is described below Sockets U6 amp U9 are populated with EPROMs 27 010 128K x 2 256K containing system firmware Sockets U7 amp U10 are populated with RAMs 628128 128K x 2 256K This RAM can be upgraded by populating the sock
94. given below if the SW6 of DIP Switch is put ON PORT A NOT USED PORT B O P Data port PORT Upper O P PORT C Lower NOTE 1 The user can use this 8255 as general purpose I O when not using the printer by putting OFF the SW6 of DIP switch 2 Handshaking is implemented using STROBE and BUSY signals 6 10 3 ERROR MESSAGES Ifthe Busy is not asserted the system will display the message Printer Busy Waiting Now the status of Busy line is kept under polling until it is asserted This process can be aborted by pressing Ctrl C The system will then display the message Printer aborted no acknowledgement for data transfer is received from printer then a message No ACK from Printer is output Please check the installation and connector once again in this case Putting OFF SW6 of on board DIP Switch and then pressing RESET will disable the printer 6 10 4 PORT SPECIFICATIONS The signals used for Parallel Printer Interface conform to the following specifications Centronics Compatible Synchronization via STROBE pulses Handshaking via BUSY signal Logic levels TTL Compatible 9 9 9 OAD 65 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 6 10 5 CONNECTOR DETAILS Pin on 8255 3 Signal Direction From Description Pin No On at U1 ESA 86 88 3 Connector J7 13 P3C4 STROBE O P STROBE pulse to 1 the printer 18 P3BO Data 0 O P 2 19 Data 1 O P These signals 3 20 P3B2 Data 1 O P represent 8 bits 4 21
95. gment as well as offset specification This statement modifies both the segment and the offset of the location counter accordingly 2 Symbolic Constant Definition EQU User can define a value for a symbolic constant by using the equate EQU directive Symbol EQU defined constant CR For example the symbol T1 can be defined to be equal to 2000H by entering T1 EQU 2000 Further the EQU directive allows the user to assign the value of another symbol For example if is already defined as 2000H then entering 2 EQU T1 defines T2 also as 2000 H T1 EQU 2000 T1 represents 2000H T2 EQU T1 T2 represents 2000H Y EQU 10 Y represents 10H When using the symbols defined by this directive the symbol name can be used directly with the instruction if the value to which it is assigned is required If however a reference to the location pointed by the symbol is required then it can be done by using the character before the symbol name OAD 87 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Example With the symbols defined above the instruction MOV BX T1 will transfer the data word 2000H to BX register while the instruction MOVW BX T1 will move the data word indexed by CS 2000H to BX register 3 Byte Initialization DB lt label gt DB value lt gt CR The user can initialize a memory location to a particular value by the use of this command This facility is particularly useful when entering a table o
96. gt CR OW port address gt CR lt data gt CR OPERATION 1 Both the output commands and OW operate similarly Enter O to output a byte or OW to output a word when prompted for a command entry Now enter the address of the port to which data is to be output followed by a CR No segment value is permitted with the port address I O address space is limited to 64K bytes After this enter the data to be output in Byte or Word format as applicable or a comma if you wish to skip outputting data at this port Entering a comma will increment the port address after which the monitor displays this address on a new line and the process continues To send data to the specified port enter the byte or word data followed by a comma or CR Entering CR terminates the command after the command execution Entering a comma sends the data to the specified port but does not terminate the command and it permits subsequent data output to IO ports in succession The users always have an option to either output data at a port or skip the port and proceed with the subsequent I O port At any stage entering CR terminates the command and returns to the monitor command prompt OAD 43 WO ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual EXAMPLES 1 Program the parallel I O port FFEOH for output by sending appropriate command byte to the status port FFE6H OFFE6 CR FFE6 80 lt CR gt 2 Output a series of words to ports rang
97. h any of these devices Device EPROM Programming Vpp Pin No Type Number Voltage Vpp on ZIF Socket to be entered 2716 25V 23 2716 2732 1 2732 25 22 2732 2732 21 22 732 2764 21 1 2764 27 64 2764 12 5V 1 764A 27128 21V 1 0128 27128A 27 128 12 5V 1 128 27256 27 256 12 5V 1 0256 27256 21 1 2256 27512 27 512 12 5V 22 0512 NOTE 1 5 EPROM Programmer Interface is optionally available with ESA 86 88 3 and is not part of the default scope of supply Please contact the manufacturer for further details OAD 67 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 2 The description given in this chapter hold good for either mode of trainer operation although the outputs of the commands are described as they would appear on the console in serial mode while running the DOS driver package XT863 EXE The only difference that would occur in the Stand alone mode of operation would be in the output formatting on the LCD 7 2 INSTALLATION 1 Turn OFF power to ESA 86 88 3 trainer 2 Attach the hardware module to ESA 86 88 3 over the connector J8 using the 26 core ribbon cable supplied with the module 3 Connect the black yellow and blue wires coming from the 4 pin polarized connector on the programmer module to the corresponding power supplies as shown below Color of the wire Supply to be connected BLACK GND YELLOW 12V BLUE 30V 4 Power ON the system CAUTION The following precautions mus
98. h modes of trainer operation to get well acquainted with ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler of operation Other assembly support instructions viz label commands and Disassembly are discussed in subsequent sections OAD 82 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual NOTE Before invoking ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One line Assembler for the first session it is advisable to use Label Clear command described later to clear all random label definitions in the symbol table 83 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE CONVENTIONS The detailed syntax governing source statements is described in this section Each line of a source statement can contain a Label field a Mnemonic field amp an Operand field in that order Thus the general syntax for a source statement involving a CPU instruction will be Label lt Mnemonic gt operand s The different fields in a source line are identified by the order in which they appear These fields are separated by one or more blank spaces or a comma acting as the delimiters 8 3 1 LABEL FIELD The label field is not exclusive in nature and may be overwritten by mnemonics or assembler directives that are part of the source statement A label can have a maximum of three significant characters The first label character must be an alphabetic character The following characters if present can be an alphanumeric If more than three characters are assigned to the label the assembler stores only the first three characters and ignores the othe
99. he current contents of the specified register the data prompt character and a space If you wish to change the contents of this register enter the new value followed by a comma or a carriage return Entering a comma displays the contents of the next sequential register and opens it for optional modification The register sequence is in the order as shown in the above table This sequence is not circular i e if a comma is entered after the contents of the last modifiable register viz Flags register FL is examined modified the command is terminated and the monitor returns to the command entry mode Entering a carriage return terminates the command Program Counter cannot be modified using this command To modify PC the user will have to modify CS and IP registers such that the PC will point to the desired effective address EXAMPLES 1 Examine the contents of all the registers X CR 1182 BX A113 000 DX 1242 SP 0100 BP 4020 SI 6020 DI 6F20 DS 0000 55 0000 5 0000 5 0000 0200 FL F046 00000 In case of stand alone mode operation the display format will be as follows X CR 39 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 1182 BX A113 CX 000F DxX 1242 5 0100 4020 5 6020 DI 6F20 The monitor now waits for a user strobe viz CR refresh the display and output subsequent data CR DS 0000 55 0000 5 0000 5 0000 0200 FL F046 00000 CR
100. he current values for the above parameters The user may enter new parameter values value followed by CR or simply enter CR if the displayed value is not to be changed In case of any invalid entry the system displays an error message Invalid Parameters and prompts for the parameter again Entering Esc at any stage will cause the system to return to PROM Programmer prompt Note that the parameters must satisfy certain conditions as listed below 1 PROM type should only be one of the types listed in section 7 1 ii If only Even locations of the buffer are being used both Buffer Start and Buffer End offset addresses must be even addresses iii If only Odd locations of the buffer are being used both Buffer Start and Buffer End offset addresses must be odd addresses OAD 69 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual iv Buffer end address can be only an offset Segment is not allowed The segment value is the one specified for the Buffer start address v Buffer end address must be greater than or equal to the offset value of the Buffer start address vi The EPROM must have enough space to accommodate all the bytes specified by the Buffer start address and Buffer end address NOTE 8086 memory space consists of an even bank and an odd bank Thus when an EPROM is programmed from alternate source bytes i e bytes from successive even or odd addressed only the even or the odd strip is used Although 8088 memory space is linea
101. he user read this chapter carefully to be able to use ESA 86 88 3 efficiently The examples are presented in a format that makes it convenient for the user to enter programs using the monitor resident ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One line Assembler The HEX equivalents of the instructions are also given in the examples as they appear during disassembly Thus the user may use Substitute Memory commands and enter the HEX codes at the memory locations directly if so desired NOTE User area of RAM starts from 0 2000H and program entry or execution should not begin from an address within this area General instructions Enter the programs in the trainer memory at the locations shown along with the program using ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line assembler 2 Some programs may require look up tables The corresponding data may be entered at the appropriate locations by using DB DW or ASC directives or by using the Substitute Memory Commands 3 Using the GO command execute the program at its starting location In most cases the control returns to the monitor after program execution because of the Breakpoint instruction INT 3 It is important to properly terminate any user program failing which the program data may be lost 4 After observing the results of these programs it is urged that the user try different variations of these programs to get familiar with the ESA 86 88 3 system 5 actual disassembly of the programs wi
102. hich will break the program at that address display all the current register contents and return to command entry prompt The user can use the Breakpoint facility provided with the GO command and can break the program at any desired address With this option the user program breaks at the specified address and control is transferred back to the monitor Breakpoint facility is discussed in detail below If the user program ends with a HLT instruction Hex Code F4 or continues to execute in an endless loop the user may have to RESET the trainer However upon RESET any previous information of the program contained in segment and status registers is lost and they are reinitialized to their default values 4 5 10 BREAKPOINT FACILITY GO command permits the optional specification of a breakpoint address When program reaches the breakpoint address control is transferred to the monitor and contents of all registers are saved Before returning to command entry prompt the monitor outputs the message BR followed by a display of all processor registers the breakpoint address in Segment Offset format the machine code and disassembled line of the program instruction at that address OAD 46 QO ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual If a subsequent GO command is entered the current address displayed will be the break pointed address The user can resume execution of the program from this address by just entering CR While implementing br
103. idelines The steps involved in creating a HEX file are 1 Create a source file using the DOS text editor or notepad and save it as filename ASM 2 Assemble filename ASM using X8086 to create filename OBJ 3 Link the single file filename OBJ Specify code offset according to the memory organized in the trainer You may even skip this prompt if ORG directive has been used in the source file Select E for Extended Hex as the option for output file format This process creates filename HEX that can then be downloaded to ESA 86 88 3 trainer through Win863 Note The execution start address record generated by X8086 Linker does not follow the standard described already and hence is not supported by Win863 Thus user should not utilize this feature of X8086 In other words the END statement in the source program should not have any operands Downloading EXE files If the source program in assembly language is assembled using the Macro Assembler MASM and then linked using the Microsoft Linker the resulting object code file will have EXE file structure Such an EXE file has two parts e Control and relocation information The load module itself This structure is designed for convenience in executing the files on a PC compatible host PC under PC DOS MS DOS WINDOWS operating system Please refer to the Technical Reference Manual of DOS for complete details regarding EXE file structures Thus to get absolute object code from EXE
104. ike normal op codes These directives instruct the assembler to perform certain functions like setting the origin defining symbolic constants initializing byte word or string values etc ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One line Assembler supports the following assembler directives Origin control ORG Symbolic constant definition EQU Byte Initialization DB Word Initialization DW String constant initialization ASC 9 9 9 Each of these directives is now discussed briefly OAD 86 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 1 Origin control ORG ORG Value CR The location counter or address can be set to a specific value with the help of this directive It is generally used as the first program entry for the starting location of the assembled code For example ORG 2000 will result in the loading of next instruction assembled to start from location 2000H The value to be specified with this directive can be entered in the Segment Offset format also Example A CR 0000 0000 27 DAA A ORG 2000 CR 0000 2000 00 3F ADD BX BH A ORG 0F000 0 CR F000 0000 FA CLI A This example illustrates the use of ORG directive to set location counters After invoking the assembler the location counter corresponds to the current content of the CS and IP registers The first ORG directive is made to change the offset of the location counter only and hence no segment specification is made In the second source statement ORG is used with se
105. in 16 56 9976 sin 86 The user may try using the function of 8087 calculate sin Z for any value of Z OAD 107 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 10 5 PROGRAMMING WITH INTERFACES This section consists of programming examples for onboard interfaces that may be used with ESA 86 88 3 The user can use these programming modules to test the interfaces as well as to develop individual projects 10 5 1 Onboard 8 Bit DAC This is a demonstration program for ESA 86 88 3 onboard DAC to generate triangular waveform The user may observe the waveform at Test Point J13 on trainer after entering and executing the following program Please refer to Chapter 6 for a detailed discussion on onboard DAC ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS DLY EQU 6030 Initialize delay routine address ORG 6000 0000 6000 BA D6 FF MOV DX OFFD6 Configure 8255 Ports 0000 6003 BO 80 MOV AL 80 as output Ports 0000 6005 EE OUT DX AL 0000 6006 B9 FF 00 AGN MOV CX OFF Count for slope 0000 6009 B8 00 00 MOV 0000 0000 600C BA DO FF UP MOV DX OFFDO Output digital value 0000 600F EE OUT DX AL from Port A 0000 6010 FE CO INC AL 0000 6012 E8 1B 00 CALL DLY Introduce small delay 0000 6015 E2 F8 LOOP UP 0000 6017 B9 FF 00 MOV CX OFF Count for ve slope 0000 601A BA DO FF DN MOV DX OFFDO Output digital value 0000 601D EE OUT DX AL from Port A 0000 601E FE C8 DEC AL 0000 6020 E2 F8 CALL DLY Introduce small delay 0000 6023 E9 4 FF LO
106. ing from FF00 to FF06 OFF00 lt CR gt FFOO 1234 FF02 ABCD 04 5555 06 3676 CR 4 5 8 COMPARE MEMORY COMMAND FUNCTION This command compares a block of memory with another block and displays differences in the locations when found FORMAT C lt start address1 gt lt end address1 gt lt start address22 CR OPERATION 1 To use this command enter C when prompted for command entry 2 Now enter the starting address of the first block of memory followed by a comma and the ending address of the block Follow this with a comma and the starting address of the second block NOTE In this command end address is always relative to the segment value specified with start address1 or implied with start address1 i e the contents of CS register if no segment value is specified Consequently no segment value is permitted with the end address1 and with each command execution a maximum of 64K bytes can be compared The segment for start address2 is relative to the current CS value unless otherwise specified 3 Pressing lt CR gt starts execution of the command The monitor will compare subsequent data at each corresponding location of the blocks and display differences when found in the following pattern The display format for stand alone mode of operation is described below Segmentl offset1 data Segment2 offset2 data 4 The monitor returns to command entry mode at the end of command execution OAD 44
107. ing printed by the printer 0000 3000 0A 0D 20 20 20 48 45 4C 4C 4F 20 57 4F 52 4C 44 21 00 This program makes use of the monitor routine to print the line of characters Alternatively the user may write his her program to output to the printer by initializing the 8255 at U1 and making use of the information given in Section 6 10 10 5 4 Liquid Crystal Display Interface This example illustrates the initialization of the optional onboard LCD available with ESA 86 88 3 Trainer The LCD is controlled by the 8255 positioned at U27 The details of the instruction and data word formats for LCD may be obtained from Crystalonics Displays User s Manual This program displays a string HELLO WORLD on the LCD continuously with a specific delay The user can utilize this program as a model to develop his own projects using the LCD This program can be executed in either mode of trainer operation ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 CMD EQU 2034 0000 2000 STR EQU 2026 0000 2000 DWR EQU 204A 0000 2000 MES EQU 2008 0000 2000 BO 80 MOV AL 80 Initialise all 8255 0000 2002 BA DE FF MOV DX OFFDE ports as output 0000 2005 EE OUT DX AL 0000 2006 EB OD JMP 2015 0000 2008 48 45 4C 4C 20 MES ASC HELLO WORLD 0000 200E 57 4F 52 4C 44 21 Message string 0000 2014 00 DB 00 0000 2015 BO OC START MOV AL OC Display ON No 0000 2017 E8 1A 00 CALL CMD Cursor or Blinking character 0000 201A BO 01 MOV AL O1 Clear
108. is clock option is available only if a 15 MHz crystal has been provided on the trainer 2 1 2 OPERATIONAL MODE SELECTION ESA 86 88 3 can be operated either in the serial mode or in stand alone mode In stand alone mode the trainer will be interfaced with the LCD display and optional PC keyboard In the serial mode the trainer can be connected to a CRT terminal or to a host computer system through an RS 232C or RS 485 communication standard interface The selection of the desired mode of operation is done as follows DIP SW5 DIP SW8 Operational mode OFF X Stand alone mode ON OFF Serial mode with RS 485 interface ON ON Serial mode with RS 232C interface Separate serial connectors are provided on the trainer for interfacing with RS 232C and RS 485 optional ports The user may interface the CRT terminal or host PC using the appropriate connector X Don t care Chapter 4 describes the Monitor commands available for working with ESA 86 88 3 in stand alone mode and serial mode 5 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 2 4 3 BAUD RATE SELECTION ESA 86 88 3 uses SCN 2681 Dual Channel UART for serial communication Channel A is used for RS 232C communication and Channel B for RS 485 communication Both channels of the UART are configured as follows These initializations are made by system firmware Asynchronous mode 8 bit character length Stop Bit length 2 00 No parity Baud rate factor of 16 x Baud Rate selection
109. it individual requirements To abort any command the user can enter Esc then the system will return to the EPROM Programmer command prompt Note All commands of ESA 86 88 3 EPROM Programmer System except Blank Check use the trainer memory as buffer space Thus it is advisable NOT to use the Monitor s stack area i e locations 0 0 to 0 1FFFH for operations with this interface as it may lead to unpredictable results 7 31 P PROGRAM command This command is used to program an EPROM Enter P at the EPROM Programmer command prompt to execute this command This command requires the following four parameters PROM Type EPROM Type One of the types listed in section 7 1 From Buffer E O A This parameter specifies if Odd Even locations from the buffer are to be programmed into the Buffer Start Segment Segment address of the starting location of the buffer The default value will be the current value of CS register Offset Offset from the starting address of the current segment The default value will be the current value of IP register Buffer End Ending address of the buffer Default value of this parameter is the maximum buffer offset value calculated using the device size and the user specification if Odd Even or locations from the buffer are being programmed PROM Start Absolute starting address of the EPROM from where programming is to begin As soon as is typed the system will display t
110. its for a CR to refresh the output and display the next 16 bytes or 8 words of data if required Note The end address is always relative to the segment value specified with start address or implied with start address i e the current contents of CS register if no segment value specified Thus with each command execution a maximum of 64K bytes or 32K words can be displayed To use either command enter D for byte output or DW for word output when prompted for command entry Then enter the start address of the memory block Now if only one byte or word is to be displayed enter the carriage return On the other hand if a block of memory is to be displayed enter a comma and the end address of the range followed by CR OAD 36 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual The monitor will now output beginning on the next line the starting offset address the data contents of that location and the contents of the consecutive memory locations up to the end address if an end address is specified The line format is arranged such that any subsequent lines if present will begin with an offset address whose last nibble is zero A line consists of a maximum number of 16 bytes or 8 words In case of stand alone operation the same amount of data as contained in one line is displayed on the LCD making use of all the 4 lines available In serial mode the ASCII equivalents of the memory locations are also displayed at the end of a
111. ll not contain some of the labels used instead their reference locations will be displayed However the user may use these labels while assembly 101 FAMILIARIZATION EXAMPLES These examples are designed to familiarize the user with the operation of ESA 86 88 3 system Example 1 This program computes the average of given word values stored in memory The computed average is also stored at a given memory location Note that this program does not check for overflow while forming the sum of the data values OAD 96 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual ADDRESS 0000 2000 0000 2003 0000 2005 0000 2008 0000 200 0000 200D 0000 200E 0000 200F 0000 2011 0000 2014 0000 2016 0000 2019 0000 201B 0000 201C 0000 2020 0000 2022 0000 2024 0000 2026 0000 2028 OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS B8 00 D8 20 05 04 00 20 00 00 20 BAK MOV 0000 MOV DS AX MOV SI 2020 MOV CX 05 ADD AX SI INC SI INC SI LOOP BAK MOV CX 05 DIV CX MOV SI 2030 MOV SI AX INT 03 ORG 2020 DW 1000 DW 2000 DW 3000 DW 4000 DW 5000 COMMENTS Initialize segment registers Load Count and add the words sequentially Divide Sum by count Store Computed average in memory Data Words stored at 0 2020H e This program will compute the average of 5 data words entered at locations 0 2020H onwards The result is stored at memory location 0 2030H Examine the contents of the word location RESULT 2030H F
112. ly be modified FORMAT S lt address gt lt CR gt lt new data gt CR SW address CR lt new data gt CR OPERATION 1 Both commands operate in a similar fashion To use either command enter S or SW when prompted for command entry Then enter the address of the memory location to be examined followed by carriage return 2 The monitor will now output the contents of the addressed location followed by a hyphen the monitor s data entry prompt character and a space to indicate that the addressed location can now be modified 3 To modify the contents of this location enter the new data value Note that when using the SW command the byte contents of the next consecutive memory location addressed memory location 1 are output first followed by the byte contents of the actual location addressed Similarly when updating memory contents using the SW command the first byte entry will be written into the next consecutive memory location and the second byte entry will be written into the addressed memory location 4 After optionally modifying the contents of the addressed location enter a comma to proceed with the command or CR to terminate the command Entering a comma displays the byte or word data at the subsequent memory locations and prompts the user to optionally substitute the memory content with new data ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Trying to modify non existent memory or ROM locations 2
113. minates the command and returns the monitor to command entry mode Modification of any memory or register contents can be done while single stepping through a program only by using a CR However since the current command is terminated the user will have to re enter the single step command and proceed RESTRICTIONS 1 An instruction that is part of a sequence of instructions that switches between stack segments i e changes the SS and SP register contents can not be single stepped If an interrupt occurs prior to the completion of a single stepped instruction or if a single stepped instruction generates an interrupt then CS and IP registers will contain the address of the interrupt service routine when the monitor regains control Consequently a Type 3 Breakpoint interrupt instruction CCH should not be single stepped since its execution will cause the program execution sequence to enter the Monitor EXAMPLES 1 Single step the first three instructions of a program starting from location 0 2000H onwards and then branch off the execution sequence to location 100 3000H and execute the single instruction at that location lt gt N 0000 0000 0 2000 0000 0000 0000 Dx 0000 5 0100 0000 SI 0000 DI 0000 DS 0000 55 0000 5 0000 5 0000 2000 FL 0000 PC 02000 0000 2000 BA E6 FF MOV DX FFE6 BRE OAD 49 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 0000 0000 0000 DX FFE6 5 0100
114. mpt lt gt Program Read Blank Check V Verify E Exit to Monitor Select Option P lt CR gt 2716 2764 CR From Buffer E O A E lt CR gt Buffer Start Segment 0000 lt CR gt Offset 0000 2000 lt CR gt OAD 71 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Buffer End SFFE 2FFF CR Invalid Parameters This is because the Buffer end address is an odd location while only the even bank of memory is selected for use Buffer End SFFE 2FFE lt CR gt PROM Start 0000 2000 lt CR gt Invalid Parameters This error occurred because the EPROM does not have enough locations to be programmed as that indicated by the Buffer range PROM Start 0000 1800 lt CR gt Blank Checking PROM is blank Blank Check completed Programming Programming Completed Check Sum 0FC2 Now the programming is complete and the system returns to EPROM Programmer command prompt 7 3 2 R READ command This command is used to transfer the contents of the EPROM into the ESA 86 88 3 memory space Enter R to execute this command This command requires the following parameters PROM Type EPROM Type One of the types listed in section 7 1 To Buffer E O A This parameter specifies if the data read from the device is to be loaded in the Even Odd or locations from the buffer PROM Start Absolute starting address of the EPROM from where programming is to begin Buffer Start Segm
115. nd entry mode Entering Control S stops the output to the terminal but does not terminate the command Entering Control Q now resumes the output from the point at which it has been stopped Entering Control C now terminates the command Note that Control S should be followed only with Control Q or Control C No other console input is allowed following a Control S 2 In Stand alone Mode When working in stand alone mode the LCD is refreshed when the display on row 4 is completed The next display occurs on Row 1 of the LCD In case of commands where large display is involved such as Display Memory the LCD displays a total of 16 bytes or 8 words at one time and waits for the user to enter lt CR gt to proceed with subsequent displays Also there is an additional lt CR gt required in stand alone mode for the monitor to return to Command entry prompt However such commands can be terminated at any stage by entering lt Esc gt 4 5 COMMANDS DESCRIPTION This section describes the commands supported by ESA 86 88 3 monitor The discussion holds good for either mode of trainer operation unless otherwise mentioned OAD 34 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 4 5 1 SUBSTITUTE MEMORY COMMANDS FUNCTION Substitute memory byte S and Substitute memory word SW commands are used to examine the contents of the selected memory locations If the memory locations selected can be modified 1 user RAM locations the contents can optional
116. nd that the previous contents of AL register are destroyed OAH will be converted to 41H similarly 03H will be converted to 33H FE00 0152 BCD_BIN This routine converts a valid BCD value up to 99 stored in AH register to its equivalent binary value in AL register Note that the previous contents of AL register are destroyed 99 will be converted to 63 similarly 10 will be converted to FE00 016B BIN_BCD This routine unpacks a 8 bit binary number to three unpacked BCD digits and stores them in 3 consecutive locations indexed by DS SI After the conversion DS SI will point to the least significant byte digit FFH stored in AL register will be unpacked into 3 unpacked BCD digits 2 5 and 5 and will be stored at locations 0 3000H 3001H and 3002H respectively assuming DS 0 and SI 3000H If the number is less than 100 64H then the most significant digit is taken to be 0 For e g 63H decimal 99 will be unpacked as 0 9 and 9 FE00 018B MONITOR ROUTINES INDEPENDENT OF OPERATING MODE The following routines are useful for independent control of I O devices connected to the trainer These routines can thus be used regardless of the operating mode of ESA 86 88 3 Name of routine Function SER_SEND_STRING Outputs a string of ASCII characters stored in memory to the console The string is indexed by ES SI where ES is the segment value and SI is the offset address of the starting location of the string The string is te
117. o the DAC are provided through Port A of 8255 4 at U26 after initializing it as an Output port The Analog output from the DAC is given to an operational amplifier LM 318 at U24 which serves the purpose of current to voltage conversion A 10K POT is provided for offset balancing of the op amp The reference voltage needed for the DAC is obtained from an onboard voltage regulator 723 at U35 The voltage generated at this regulator is about 8 Volts The output from the DAC varies between 0 and 5 Volts depending on the input digital pattern fed to the DAC The Control Register and Port addresses of 8255 4 are given in Section 6 1 An example program to generate triangular waveform using the DAC is given in the Chapter 10 6 10 PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE ESA 86 88 3 provides the user the facility to obtain a hard copy via Centronics compatible Parallel Printer Interface in Serial mode The driver for this interface is any Centronics compatible parallel printer can be connected to ESA 86 88 3 using this feature However to get properly formatted listings it is recommended to use an 80 132 column printer 6 10 1 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION 1 Switch OFF the power supply 2 Configure the trainer for Serial Mode of operation and set the desired baud rate 3 Enable Printer Driver through on board DIP SWITCH SW6 ON 4 Connect the 25 Pin D type end of a Centronics cable to J7 ESA 86 88 3 The other end of connector must be connected t
118. o the printer 5 Switch ON the power Supply You should get the proper sign on message as described in Chapter 2 6 Now if the command prompt does not appear check the installation the connector or Online Ready indicator on the printer 7 When the command prompt appears the printer is assumed to be attached to ESA 86 88 3 8 To detach the printer put OFF SW6 of on board DIP Switch and press RESET NOTE The Centronics connector cable could be obtained from ESA as an option e users may build their own connector cable using the information given in section 6 10 5 and 6 10 6 However the cable must be short enough so that it does not load the 8255 OAD 64 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual When the printer is attached any character output on to the console is also output to the printer For example to obtain a hard copy of the contents of memory location in Hex byte format use the command D addrl gt lt addr2 gt lt CR gt The entire contents of memory locations between the specified range are printed as it appears on the screen including the command line NOTE control and invalid ASCII characters are printed Similarly you can obtain a disassembled listing use the Z command when the printer driver is enabled 6 10 2 THEORY OF OPERATION The printer software makes use of 8255 3 at U1 whose Port B and Port C lines are brought out to 25 Pin D type connector J7 This 8255 is initialized as
119. oad the HEX file into the memory of ESA 86 88 3 as per the procedures already described After downloading the file user must set the DS ES SS and SP registers to the required values using the X command of the Serial Monitor of ESA 86 88 3 The SS and SP values displayed by EXE2HEX COM can be made use of if required d Before executing the downloaded program user is strongly urged to disassemble the code or at least important parts of the code using the on board dissembler of ESA 86 88 3 and ensure that the program is correct and that the segment registers are set to proper values Execute the downloaded program Downloading COM Files Assume that an EXE file has been created using MASM and LINK as described in the previous section Such a file can be converted to a COM file using the standard DOS command EXE2BIN Refer the DOS user s manual for details regarding this command and for limitations on the structure of EXE file which are to be converted to COM files A COM program contains the pure memory of the program and has the following distinct characteristics The size of the code and data parts of the file is less than 64K b There is no separate STACK segment C No segment fixup segment relocatable d CS DS ES and SS are assumed to contain the same value when the program begins execution This structure is designed for executing small programs in a convenient way on PC XT AT compatible computer syst
120. om the Clock generator with 33 duty cycle The Clock generator also generates a clock output PCLK with 50 duty cycle This clock frequency is 4 MHz when the input to 8284 is from 24 MHz Oscillator and 2 5 MHz when the input to 8284 is from 15MHz crystal The Clock CLK signal is utilized by the 8042 Universal Peripheral Interface as its clock input The serial interface controller SCN2681 Dual UART uses a separate crystal of 3 6864 as its clock frequency source The 8284 Clock generator also generates the READY and RESET signals to the CPU synchronously Ready timing and Wait States implementation is described below instruction cycles in ESA 86 88 3 trainer are run with one Wait State regardless of whether they are memory or I O cycles Wait State logic is implemented by 741 576 at U46 The ALE signal is connected to the CLEAR input of the flip flop Hence in every instruction cycle the Q output of 741 576 goes low on the rising edge of T2 State de asserting the RDY1 signal to 8284A On the next low to high transition of the clock the Q output toggles again reasserting the RDY1 signal to 8284A Thus one Wait State is introduced during the execution of every instruction cycle The PRESET input to 741 576 is pulled up to VCC and can be controlled by off board devices memory or I O to introduce as many wait states as required This line is designated as EXTRDY and is available on the system connector J1 When this line is p
121. om the keyboard and stores their HEX equivalents in memory indexed by DS SI The current content of DS register is the Segment value and that of SI register is the Offset value of the starting location of the string being stored The string is terminated by lt CR gt 00 010 93 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 14 15 16 17 18 9 2 1 OAD QO Name of routine Function Calling address Name of routine Function Example Calling address Name of routine Function Example Calling address Name of routine Function Example Calling address Name of routine Function Example Calling address VALID_HEX This routine checks if the value stored in AH register is a valid ASCII Hex value 30 39 41 46 Stores FFH in AL register if found valid and 00 if found invalid FE00 0123 HEX_ASCII This routine converts a valid ASCII Hex value 30 39 41 46 stored in AH register to its equivalent character 0 9 and stores the result in AL register Note that the routine will not convert any other values and that the previous contents of AL register are destroyed 41H will be converted to OAH similarly 33H will be converted to 03H FE00 0131 ASCII HEX This routine converts a valid Hex character 0 9 stored in AH register to its equivalent ASCII Hex value 30 39 41 46 and stores the result in AL register Note that the routine will not convert any other values a
122. ommand in the serial mode when there are no labels defined in the symbol table In the stand alone mode of operation the monitor refreshes the LCD before displaying the label count and the message 2 Use of List Labels command in stand alone mode of operation LL CR The monitor first refreshes the LCD and then displays the Label Count Label Count 0006 The monitor now waits for a user strobe viz CR before listing the labels defined CR 0000 2000 R1 0000 2005 BAC 0000 200A L1 0000 2002 R2 CR 0000 3000 L2 0000 3000 UP This example illustrated the use of LL command in stand alone mode of operation The listing format includes the address location of the label followed by the symbol Label Name defined This format is the same for output in serial mode also Note that after listing four consecutive label definitions the monitor waits for a user strobe viz lt CR gt before proceeding with the output In the serial mode the monitor waits after listing 25 label definitions and then displays a message Press Any Key The listing continues upon pressing any key In either mode of operation entering lt ESC gt key while the monitor is waiting terminates the command and the monitor returns to command prompt mode 85 ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES PSEUDO OP CODES In addition to the normal op codes that generate executable machine instructions the Assembler recognizes some Pseudo op codes which occupy the mnemonic field l
123. on line of display ASCII equivalents that cannot be displayed are represented by a The display memory commands can be cancelled or the output can be stopped and resumed at any time by entering appropriate control parameters described in Section 4 4 ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Specifying an end address that is lesser than the offset value of the start address EXAMPLES 1 Display contents of location 140H relative to DS register Assume DS is set to 0000 D DS 140 CR 0000 0140 AO 2 Display contents of locations 1000 10CH through 1000 125H D 1000 10C 125 CR 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 OA OB OC OD OE OF 1000 010C FO 00 00 9C 1000 0110 EA BD 04 00 F2 10 21 4 35 14 17 FA FO F1 F5 1000 0120 30 31 32 32 34 35 In addition to the above the ASCII characters equivalent to the data bytes are also displayed on the right hand side of each line of output only in Serial Mode of operation The non existent ASCII equivalent data are represented by a In the stand alone mode the output for the above command will be in the format described below D1000 10C 125 CR 1000 010C FO 00 00 9C The monitor now waits for the user to enter CR to refresh the display and output subsequent data bytes OAD 37 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual lt gt 1000 0110 EA BD 04 BA 00 F2 10 21 A4 35 14 17 FA FO Fl F5 CR 1000 0120 30 31 32 32 34 35 CR 3 Display word at location 10C H relative to DS register A
124. or the entries shown in the program the result will be 3000H Example 2 The following program exchanges two blocks of data stored in memory using the powerful string instructions of 8086 8088 This program exchanges 1FH bytes from 0 3000H and 0 3200H onwards The user can use this program with necessary modifications to exchange data blocks of desired size between desired locations ADDRESS 0000 2000 0000 2003 0000 2006 0000 2009 0000 200 0000 200D 0000 2010 0000 2011 0000 2012 0000 2013 0000 2015 0000 2017 0000 201A 0000 201B 0000 201C 0000 201D 0000 201F 0000 2021 0000 2024 0000 2025 0000 2026 0000 2027 OAD OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS 00 00 00 F8 20 F2 FB 20 FO FA 20 30 32 35 00 00 00 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual MOV BX 3000 MOV Dx 3200 MOV 3500 MOV SI BX MOV DI AX MOV CX 20 CLD REP MOVSB MOV SI DX MOV DI BX MOV CX 20 CLD REP MOVSB MOV SI AX MOV DI DX MOV CX 20 CLD REP MOVSB INT 03 COMMENTS Store index references in registers Set up 1st block as source amp a temp block as destination Set up 2nd block as source amp 1st block as Destination address Set up temp block as source amp 2nd block as Destination address 97 Enter the above program beginning at location 0 2000H e Enter the desired data in locations 0 3000 to 0 301FH and 0 3200H to 0 321FH e Execute the program using GO command Now the data
125. ously generates High bits on Port C of 8255 1 which can be used as interrupt sources In order to generate the interrupts the following jumper settings are necessary JP16 B C forIRI JP17 B C forIR2 The interrupt service routines are given below The program displays one of the following messages depending on which jumper is shorted in the above manner INT 1 RECOGNISED if JP 16 is shorted INT 2 RECOGNISED if JP 17 is shorted ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 3050 ORG 3050 0000 3050 FA CLI Clear interrupt flag 0000 3051 B8 00 30 MOV 3000 Display message for 0000 3054 9A 13 00 00 FE CALLS OFE00 0013 interrupt 1 0000 3059 CF IRET 0000 3100 ORG 3100 0000 3100 FA CLI Clear interrupt flag 0000 3101 B8 16 30 MOV AX 3012 Display message for 0000 3104 9A 13 00 00 FE CALLS 0 00 0013 interrupt 2 0000 3109 CF IRET 0000 3000 ORG 3000 0000 3000 DB OD 0000 3001 ASC INT 1 RECOGNISED 0000 3011 DB 00 0000 3012 DB OD 0000 3013 ASC INT 2 RECOGNISED 0000 3014 DB 00 10 3 3 Programmable Interval Timer 8253 ESA 86 88 3 provides the user with three independent timing channels via an onboard Programmable Interval Timer 8253A All the timers are fully available to the user The addressing information for controlling and sending data to this programmable interval timer is given in Chapter 6 Clock Gate and Output signals of these timers are brought out on a 10 header J10 The following progr
126. owed in a command line 4 3 1 RULES OF PARAMETER ENTRY addresses in 8086 8088 systems consist of a segment value and an offset value The segment value is entered first a colon is entered as a separator and then the offset value is entered If the segment value is not specified note that in such a case the colon also should be omitted the default segment value is the current content of the code segment CS register The address is entered as a hexadecimal value most significant character first The valid range of hexadecimal values for an address entry either segment or offset ranges from 0000 to FFFFH If more than four digits are entered only the last four digits entered are valid In other words all address values are interpreted modulo 64K Data is also entered as hexadecimal value most significant character first The valid range for data entries is 00 to FFH for byte entries and from 0000 to FFFFH for word entries If more than two for byte entries or four for word entries digits are entered only the last two or four digits entered are valid Examine Modify register command X requires register symbols as parameters The register abbreviation entries required by the X command are described in detail with the explanation of this command 4 2 2 USE OF OPERATORS AND REGISTERS IN PARAMETERS SPECIFICATION While the address data parameters are to be entered as hexadecimal values the operators and
127. plication and hence the factorial of smaller numbers up to 8 can be properly calculated ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 B8 00 00 0 Initialize Segment 0000 2003 8 D8 MOV DS AX registers 0000 2005 BE 00 30 MOV SI 3000 0000 2008 8 04 MOV AL SI Load value from memory 0000 200A 8A NXT MOV BL SI Save value and sub 0000 200C FE CB DEC BL for repetitive 0000 200E 74 06 JZ OVR multiplication 0000 2010 88 MOV SI BL 0000 2012 F7 24 MULW SI 0000 2014 F4 JMP 0000 2016 BF 00 31 OVR MOV DI 3100 Store Computed value 0000 2019 89 05 MOV DI AX in memory 0000 201B CC INT 03 OAD 98 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual e After entering the above program in memory store the number whose factorial is to be computed at location 0 3000H e Then execute the program from its starting address 0 2000H and check for the computed value at location 0 3100H The factorial will be in HEX format e The user is urged to modify the program taking into account the carry generated during multiplication of larger numbers and verify the results Example 5 This program finds the largest value in a string of data bytes The string of bytes is pointed by SI register BH register holds the count value and the result is stored in AL register ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 B8 00 00 MOV AX 0000 Initialize segment 0000 2003 8E D8 MOV DS AX registers 0000 20
128. port of the Symbolic One Line Assembler With the help of this command the user can disassemble a range of memory locations into corresponding Assembly Mnemonics Thus the user can view the program and subsequently verify it even if machine code has been entered directly FORMAT Z sstart address gt lt end address CR OPERATION command syntax for Disassemble command is similar for either mode of trainer operation To use this function enter Z when prompted for command entry The user may now enter a CR to view the disassembled instruction corresponding to the current CS and IP register contents If the user wishes to view the instruction code at only a particular memory location then that address must be entered followed by a CR To view the disassembled instruction Mnemonics for a range of locations the user must specify the same by entering the start and end addresses of the range separated by a comma Upon entering CR now the monitor will output the disassembled instructions in the following format In Serial Mode the following pattern will appear on the console Segment Offset Machine Code Mnemonic In stand alone mode operation the same parameters will appear on the LCD in the following pattern Segment Offset Mnemonic Machine Code After displaying the disassembled code the monitor returns to command entry mode end address specified with the command is always an offset r
129. prompted for command entry Now enter the starting address of the block and the ending address of the block separated by a comma 2 Now enter a comma and the byte or word data to be filled Enter lt CR gt to execute the command after which the monitor returns to the command entry mode 3 The user may check the validity of this command by using Display Memory commands described above OAD 41 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual NOTE The command will accept the last two Hex Characters entered as valid data in case of Byte operation and the last four Hex characters as valid data during Word operation In case less than four characters are entered during Word operation the command assumes the upper nibbles not entered to be 0 ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Entering the ending address offset lesser than the starting address offset 2 Trying to enter a non Hex value for the address or data 3 Trying to fill non existent memory or ROM locations EXAMPLE 1 Filling the memory locations from 0 2000 to 0 2050 with constant data byte 55 F0 2000 2050 55 CR 2 Filling the memory locations from 0 5000 to 0 6000 with constant word data 1234 FW0 5000 6000 1234 CR 3 Filling the memory locations from 0 5000 to 0 6000 with constant word data 00AA 0 5000 6000 lt gt 4 5 6 INPUT BYTE AND INPUT WORD COMMANDS FUNCTION The Input Byte I and Input Word IW commands are used to input accept a byte or word from an input port and to
130. pts to the CPU from eight onboard or external sources along with the corresponding vectoring information for the interrupt service routines Provision is also made on the Bus connectors for cascading an external 8259A with this interrupt controller An example program using 8259A to generate interrupt from onboard sources is given in Chapter 10 The I O address assignments are given in Section 6 1 NOTE The system firmware does not initialize the 8259A to any mode Thus user program must configure this device appropriately before using it OAD 61 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 6 6 8042 UNIVERSAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE ESA 86 88 3 Trainer is interfaced with a PC Keyboard and LCD for operation in stand alone mode The PC Keyboard is interfaced over a DIN connector and is controlled by an 8042 Universal Peripheral Interface The UPI is a general purpose controller that allows the user to develop customized solutions for peripheral device control The addressing information for 8042 UPI onboard ESA 86 88 3 is given in Section 6 1 The UPI uses buffered Clock CLK from the Clock generator Keyboard reading is implemented by polling the command status port of 8042 User can read the keyboard in polling mode by checking the status of output buffer register The keyboard sends scan codes for the respective keys pressed The scan codes for the keys can be referred in the PC AT reference manual The UPI is programmed for encoding either 101 or 84 k
131. r it is organized as even and odd arrays on ESA 86 88 3 CALCULATION OF BUFFER END ADDRESS OFFSET The Buffer end address offset is calculated using the following relation If ALL locations from the buffer range are to be programmed into the device then the default Buffer End Address offset Buffet Start Offset Max Absolute address of the device i e device size or FFFF whichever is smaller If only EVEN locations from the buffer range are to be programmed into the device then the default Buffer End Address offset Buffet Start Offset 2 x Max Absolute address of the device or FFFE whichever is smaller This is applicable if the Buffer Start address is an even location else the monitor adds 1 to the default Buffer End Address offset If only ODD locations from the buffer range are to be programmed into the device then the default Buffer End Address offset Buffet Start Offset 2 x Max Absolute address of the device or FFFF whichever is smaller This is applicable if the Buffer Start address is an odd location else the monitor adds 1 to the default Buffer End Address offset Example For EPROM type 2764 the highest absolute address is 1FFFH Then the following table illustrates the Buffer end address calculation procedure in different cases All calculations are made using HEX values only Buffer Start Locations from Default Buffer End address offset address offset Buffer 0 IFFF 1FFF 1000 2 x 1FFF 3FFE 1000
132. r Byte Pointer with the mnemonic as is the case with some other assemblers like MASM TASM 2500AD or Microsoft Debug Example For the instruction INC BX SI 1234 the source statement to be entered during assembly will be INCW BX SI 1234 for Word operation If Byte operation is intended then the source statement will be INC BX 51 1234 8 The user can terminate the active assembler by entering lt CR gt at the Assembly prompt The user will now be able to use other ESA 86 88 3 Monitor commands Using ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler Stand alone Mode of operation In stand alone mode of operation the display format on the LCD will follow the same lines as that described in Examples 1 amp 2 However some points must be noted here The Assembly prompt follows the location counter the instruction at that address and the machine code in subsequent lines and generally occurs on the fourth line of the LCD When an instruction is successfully assembled the display is refreshed and the next location counter with the corresponding instruction and machine code is directly displayed Thus the user may understand that a source statement has been successfully translated by watching the location counter In case of an error the error message is displayed after refreshing the display once Now the assembler waits for a user strobe viz CR and then displays the same location counter with the respective paramet
133. r can collectively configure the memory devices to realize the full 1MB addressing capability of 8086 8088 CPU PROM Area Sockets U6 amp U9 PROMS Selected Address Range in Hex 27C512 F0000 FFFFF 27 010 27 020 27 040 E0000 FFFFF RAM area Sockets U7 amp U10 Device Jumper Position JP 20 Address range in Hex 628128 628512 A B 00000 3FFFF 628512 B C 00000 7FFFF Expansion Memory area Sockets U8 amp U11 Device Jumper Position JP 20 Address range in Hex 27C512 A B 40000 SFFFF B C 80000 9FFFF 27 010 628128 40000 80000 BFFFF 27 020 628512 40000 BFFFF B C 80000 DFFFF Optional battery backup provision is available for RAM and Expansion Memory using an onboard 3 6V Ni Cd cell Refer Appendix C for Component layout diagram 5 4 INTERRUPT SYSTEM Hardware Interrupts The 8086 8088 CPU supports two hardware interrupts NMI and INT The NMI or Type 2 Interrupt Non Maskable Interrupt is connected to the BREAK key on the trainer Providing the vectoring information for this interrupt is entirely left to the user To make use of this interrupt the user should enter the Instruction Pointer Word of the Interrupt service routine at address 0 0008H and the Code Segment Word at address 0 000AH Then pressing the BREAK key on the trainer will cause an NMI to occur and the CPU control is transferred to the NMI service routine specified by the address entered by the user An
134. r will see the following Dialog Box which will indicate the over writing of the existing files Version Conflict File being copied is older than the currently on your system It is recommended that you keep your existing file File name C Program Files WIN86 3lWINBS63 HLP Description Your version Do you want to keep this file No to All 7 Click Yes to keep the old file Click No to install the new file Click No to AII for the remaining files also 8 Then user will see the following dialog box which will indicate the completion of installation OAD 13 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Windows Driver for ESA 86788 3 Trainer Setup 9 Click OK to complete the installation 3 4 UNINSTALLATION PROCEDURE 1 Go to the Control Panel from Start Menu Settings Select Add Remove Programs option User will see the following Dialog Box Add Remove Programs Properties Install Uninstall Windows Setup Startup Disk 3 To install a new program from a floppy disk or CD ROM drive click Install folowing sc software can be ney immed by Windows To remove program or to modify its installed components select it from the list and click Add Remove Microsoft Web Publishing Wizard 1 6 MSDN Library April 2003 Sentinel System Driver 5 41 1 32 bit Silicon Laboratories C8051 Fxxx uVision2 Driver v1 4 Vision Mindows Driver for ES 88 3 Windows Driver for ESA Trenit Windows Dri
135. ram outputs the digital equivalent of the analog voltage at the channel If single channel operation is selected then the program outputs the digital equivalent of the analog voltage at TP Observe the results after changing the configurations for the different operating modes available with the ADC Ref Chapter 6 This program demonstrates direct output to the printer using PRINT STRING routine wherein a parallel printer interfaced with the trainer can be accessed regardless of the printer enable DIP switch SW6 The printer cable is connected over the 25 pin D type female connector 77 The necessary cable may be obtained from ESA Pvt Ltd Bangalore as an option OAD QO ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 110 This program sends message HELLO WORLD directly to the printer This routine be called from the user s program when the system is operating in either of the two modes Refer Chapter 8 for a description of this routine and its calling address ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2500 B8 00 00 MOV 0000 Initialize segment 0000 2503 8E D8 MOV DS AX registers 0000 2505 BE 00 30 MOV SI 3000 up memory pointer to message 0000 2508 9A 01 00 FE CALLS OFE00 01F3 Call PRINT STRING 0000 2500 3 routine and terminate Along with the above program enter the following look up table for the message string from locations 0 3000H Then execute the program and observe the output str
136. requires the argument in radians on the top of the stack and returns the result as Y X where X is the top of stack and Y is the next element Further the argument must satisfy the condition 0 lt argument lt PI 4 Hence Z is restricted to satisfy 0 Z lt 90 This restriction can be eliminated at the cost of more computation If Z be unrestricted then the FPREM function of 8087 can be used to reduce the argument to the required range and use the relation Sin PI Z Sin 7 In the following program the argument Z is first divided by 2 preparatory to using the relation described above then converted into radians and then the tangent is calculated resulting values X and Y are used to calculate sin Z The input to the program Z in degrees must be set up in the register AL as a Hex value The output in packed BCD form is available in the register AX A decimal point is to be assumed before the first BCD digit 106 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 B4 00 MOV 00 0000 2002 D1 E8 SHR 1 Z Angle Angle 2 0000 2004 5A 20 MOV Argl AX Preparatory for 0000 2007 9 DF 06 5A 20 FLDI Argl loading into NDP 0000 200C C7 06 5C 20 B4 00 MOV Arg2 00B4 Arg2 180 0000 2012 9 DF 06 5C 20 FLDI Arg2 Insert a FWAIT and load Arg2 0000 2017 DE F9 FDIVRP Wait and divide ST 2 180 0000 201A 9B D9 EB FLDPI ST PI 0000 201D 9B DE C9 MUL
137. ress Label 016 16 Jump Inter segment Address Seg16 Disp16 Far Label ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual JGE JNL E Jump if lesser Not Address Short label greater or equal JLE JNG JMPS 124 Jump if no Carry Address Short label J i E JNZ Jump if not equal on Address Short label non zero J Jump if no overflow Address Short label JNO J Address Reg16 Jump if no parity Odd Address Short label parity 5 5 Jump if not sign Sign Address Short label JNS flag 0 Jump on overflow Address Short label JP JP Jump on Parity Even Address Short label JP JPE Parity Jump if Sign flag 1 Address Short label N N N JO LD Load DS and register Reg16 Mem16 L from memory LE F O A Load Effective address Reg16 Reg16 Reg16 Mem16 The instruction is assembled without any pre determined Segment override prefix Segment override if any must be explicitly entered and assembled LES Load ES and register from Reg16 Mem16 LES memory LODS Load string into Byte Mode accumulator LODSB Word Mode LODSW Loop till CX 0 Address Short label LOOP Loop while Zero flag 1 Address Short label and CX z 0 LOOPNE LOOPN Loop while Zero flag 0 Address Short label LOOPNE LOOPNZ 2 and CX z 0 125 AD DO ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Byte or Word from Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode source register memor
138. ress gt lt CR gt from the monitor to the user program address with optional breakpoint N Single Step N lt CR gt lt start address gt lt new address gt Executes single instruction of the lt CR gt user program H Help Command H lt Command mnemonic gt lt CR gt Lists Monitor commands with their valid syntax OAD QO ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 33 P Invoke Programmer Software P lt CR gt Invokes the software for ESA EPROM Programmer Interface A Enter Assembler address lt CR gt Invokes ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One line Assembler LL List Labels LL lt CR gt Lists all labels defined in the Symbol table LC Label Clear LC CR Clears all previously defined labels from the Symbol Table Z Disassembly Command Z lt start address gt lt end address CR Disassemble Hex Code into 8086 mnemonics for a specific memory range Refer Chapter 7 for a detailed discussion of this command Refer Chapter 8 for a detailed discussion of these commands 4 4 COMMAND OUTPUT CONTROL 1 In Serial Mode During Serial operation the output to the console can be stopped using the following method This is applicable in cases of commands wherein the monitor continuously outputs data to the terminal viz Display memory Disassembly and compare memory commands Control C entered at any time immediately terminates the command and the monitor returns to the comma
139. rformed one byte at a time command can be used to fill a block of memory with a predefined constant To do this move the constant into the start address location using S command Then M command is used with a destination address which is one greater than the start address Then the memory block from start address end address 1 is filled with the value contained start address ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Trying to move data into a non existent memory or ROM locations 2 Specifying an end address value that is less than the offset value of the start address EXAMPLES 1 Move the contents of the locations 2000H through 2020H relative to CS register to the memory block starting at 3000H relative to the DS register M2000 2020 DS 3000 CR 2 Fill memory locations 1000 2000H through 1000 2100H with constant AAH S 1000 2000 CR 1000 2000 BA lt gt 1000 2000 20 1000 2001 lt gt The validity of the Move Memory commands be verified anytime using the Display Memory or Compare Memory commands 4 5 5 FILL BYTE AND FILL WORD COMMANDS FUNCTION This command is used to fill a block of memory with constant byte or word data FORMAT F lt start address gt lt end address gt lt byte value CR FW lt start address gt lt end address gt lt word value gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 Both commands operate in a similar way Enter F or FW to fill byte or word data respectively when
140. ripheral Interface devices provide 120 Programmable I O lines 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller provides interrupt vectors for 8 independent sources 8288 Bus Controller used for generating control signals 8042 UPI Universal Peripheral Interface for PC Keyboard Interfacing Interrupts EXTERNAL NMI 8086 8088 Type 2 Interrupt connected to BREAK key on the trainer The vectoring information for this interrupt is fully user defined INTR This line is controlled through an onboard 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller which provides interrupt vectors for eight independent onboard or off board sources INTERNAL Interrupt Vectors 1 Single step Interrupt and 3 Breakpoint Interrupt reserved for monitor Interfacing options e Centronics compatible Parallel Printer interface Onboard 8 Channel 12 bit A D converter Onboard 8 bit D A Converter ESA EPROM Programmer Interface e ESA Study card modules for 8255 8279 8259 8251 and 8253 Interface Signals CPU Bus Demultiplexed and fully buffered TTL compatible Address Data amp Control signals are available on two 50 pin ribbon cable connectors Parallel I O 48 programmable parallel I O lines TTL Compatible through two 26 pin ribbon cable connectors that are compatible with those of other ESA trainers Serial RS 232 through on board 9 pin D type female connector RS 485 through on board 9 pin D type male connector Timer Signal
141. rminated by 00H 94 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Calling address 2 Name of routine Function Calling address 3 Name of routine Function Calling address 4 Name of routine Function Calling address OAD QO FE00 01AF LCD_SEND_STRING Outputs a string of ASCII characters stored in memory to the LCD The string is indexed by ES SI where ES is the segment value and SI is the offset address of the starting location of the string The string is terminated by 00H FE00 01CE CLR LCD Clears the LCD interfaced with the trainer in either mode of operation FE00 01ED PRINT STRING Prints a string of ASCII characters stored in memory when a parallel printer is interfaced with the trainer The string is indexed by DS SI where DS is the segment value and SI is the offset address of the starting location of the string The string is terminated by 00H Note that this routine is used for direct output to the printer regardless of whether the printer driver is enabled by DIP Switch FE00 01F3 95 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual CHAPTER 10 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES This chapter describes some programming examples that can be executed on the ESA 86 88 3 trainer These examples range from fairly simple ones designed to illustrate the use of various instructions to some comprehensive examples designed to illustrate the use of monitor routines and demonstration examples for onboard peripherals It is strongly urged that t
142. rresponding parameters Commn Baud Data Stop Parity Port intl Rate int2 Bits int 3 Bits int 4 COMI 0 110 0 7 0 1 0 odd COM2 1 150 1 8 1 2 1 COM3 300 2 even pu 600 3 1200 4 2400 5 4800 6 9600 7 Table 3 1 3 6 4 HELP On line help is available for all ESA 86 88 3 monitor commands and specific commands of WIN863 Help facility can be selected by selecting help option in the window A menu of commands is displayed from which desired command can be selected and help information about that command is displayed These options are explained in detail in online help of WIN863 WINS63 hlp Note Whenever the command window is full it is recommended to clear the command window with CLS command Otherwise display will become a little bit slow TROUBLE SHOOTING 1 Check the PC Serial Port working condition 2 Check the Serial Cable working condition 3 Check ESA 86 88 3 Trainer Kit for Sign on message 4 Dipswitch Settings 3 7 RS 485 INTERFACE ESA 86 88 3 has optional provision for serial communication using RS 485 standard also However it is essential that the host PC must be capable of communicating with this iut m OAD 23 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual communication standard The user may obtain ESA 422 485 serial card and cables from ESA as an optional hardware support for RS 485 communication The driver software can also be obtained from ESA for communicating with ESA 86 88 3 Please contact
143. rs Register names and assembler directives given in the list below form reserved words and cannot be used as labels AH AL ASC AX CS DB DS DSP DW EQU ORG SS ES CH CL CX BH BL BX SP BP SI DI DH DL DX 8 3 2 MNEMONIC FIELD The next field is the mnemonic field This field can overwrite the Label field and always begins with an alphabetic character This field is also used for entering Assembler Directives as source statements The assembler supports the standard INTEL mnemonics for 8086 8088 CPU instructions with some easy to understand modifications in a few cases The detailed syntax of Mnemonics and Addressing modes supported by ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One Line Assembler is given at the end of this chapter 8 3 3 OPERAND FIELD The operand field follows the label and Mnemonic fields This field holds the operands specific to the instruction An instruction may or may not have an operand at all The operands can be register symbols data addresses or labels This assembler supports all standard addressing modes of 8086 8088 CPU Please refer to the Mnemonic syntax description the discussion on labels and programming examples given in the manual to get familiar with the Mnemonic and operand syntax supported by this Assembler When a numerical value is entered in the operand field the assembler accepts it in hexadecimal format only Furthermore numbers should always start with a digit Thus the value A5H should be entere
144. s Timer 0 1 2 signals are brought to a header Analog Signals 8 analog inputs for ADC are fed through terminal blocks DAC output is available at a test point Power Supplies 5V 1 5A max Optional t 12V 250mA max for ADC DAC 3 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 13 SCOPE OF SUPPLY Default ESA 86 88 3 Trainer Kit e ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual ESA 86 88 Driver Software CD RS232C Cable MCS 86 Assembly Reference Card OAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual CHAPTER 2 CONFIGURATION AND INSTALLATION 21 CONFIGURATION OF ESA 86 88 3 ESA 86 88 3 is a versatile Microprocessor trainer and can be configured in a number of ways as determined by the Dip Switch Settings and Jumpers Refer to the component layout diagram in Appendix C to locate the DIP Switch and the jumpers This chapter describes all the configuration options and the installation procedures of ESA 86 88 3 trainer 2 1 1 PROCESSOR AND CLOCK SELECTION ESA 86 88 3 can be operated either with an 8086 or 8088 CPU Install the desired CPU 8086 or 8088 in the socket position U33 The following DIP Switch setting selects the appropriate CPU DIP SW7 Processor OFF 8086 ON 8088 Default factory installation The CPU be operated at a frequency of 8MHz or 5MHz depending on jumper JP 23 Closing this jumper will select a clock frequency of 5MHz for the CPU Factory setting leaves the jumper open for CPU operation at 8Mhz Note that th
145. s assignments and usage of all the peripherals of ESA 86 88 3 and also their function Note that some of the peripherals are fully available to the user while others are used to control interfaces such as A D converter DAC parallel printer interface and LCD interface However the port lines from these peripherals are available on bus connectors and the user may utilize them suitably Refer Component Layout Diagram in Appendix C to locate these peripherals and controllers NOTE 1 The addressing specifications for SCN 2681 Dual UART are specified later in this chapter in Section 6 4 2 The DIP Switch used for system configuration is also mapped within the I O Space of the CPU shown in the following table OAD 58 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual TABLE 6 1 ESA 86 88 3 I O ADDRESS PERIPHERAL CONTROLLER DIP Switch 8255 PPI High at U42 Mapped on Even Bus 8255 PPI Low at U31 Mapped on Odd bus 8253 Programmable Interval Timer at U5 8259 A Programmable Interrupt Controller at U4 8255 3 at U1 8255 4 at U26 8255 5 at U27 8042 Universal Peripheral Interface at U28 6 2 PORT ADDRESS FFED FFE7 FFE1 FFE3 5 FFE6 FFEO FFE2 FFE4 FFFF FFF9 FFFB FFFD FFF4 FFF6 FFD7 FFD1 FFD3 FFD5 FFD6 FFD0 FFD2 FFD4 FFDE FFD8 FFDA FFDC FFEB FFE9 DEVICE REGISTER Control Port High Port A High Port B High Port C Control Port Low Port A Low Port B Low Port C Command
146. sing ESA 86 88 3 Symbolic One line assembler The user is urged to try different variations of the program modules given here so that the capabilities of the programming environment provided are fully appreciated We welcome any recommendations or suggestions for improvement OAD QO ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 112 CONNECTOR DETAILS The connector details for interfacing peripherals and signal definitions of these connectors are described in this section A brief summary of the connectors available on the trainer is described below Refer the component layout diagram in Appendix C to locate these connectors J3 J4 JS J6 J7 JS amp J9 J10 J11 J12 J13 50 Pin Bus connectors connected to system bus 4 terminal power connector 9 pin D type female connector for RS 232 C compatible serial communication 9 pin D type male connector for RS 485 compatible serial communication PC Keyboard Connector 25 Pin Parallel Printer interface Connector 26 pin parallel I O Connector 10 pin Header for 8253 timer signals 15 pin Flow strip for LCD Module 9 Screw terminals for ADC channel selection DAC output Test Point J1 CONNECTED TO SYSTEM BUS PIN NO SIGNAL PIN NO SIGNAL GND 2 GND 5V 4 5V 5V 6 5V GND 8 GND GATEI 10 GATE2 CONCLK 12 RESET N C 14 PCLK CINTO 16 CINT1 CINT2 18 CINT3 CINT4 20 CINT5 CINT6 22 CINT7 LSO 24 INTA LS1 26 MWTC LS2 28 IOWC NC 30 CASO NC 32 CASI LOCK 34 CAS2 MRD
147. ssume DS is initialized to 2000 DW DS 10C lt CR gt 0000 0002 0004 0006 0008 000A 000 000 2000 0100 00 0 In case of stand alone operation the LCD will output DW DS 10C lt CR gt 2000 010C 00 0 CR For displaying a range of data words the same procedure as with Display Byte is followed with the only exception that DW replaces D Note that ASCII equivalent characters are not displayed with word data 4 5 5 EXAMINE MODIFY REGISTER COMMAND FUNCTION The Examine Modify Register X command is used to examine and optionally modify any of 8086 8088 CPU registers contents FORMAT X lt reg gt lt CR gt new data gt CR OPERATION 1 To use the Examine Modify Register command enter X when prompted for command entry 2 To examine the current contents of all the registers enter CR Now the monitor will output the contents of all 14 registers OAD 38 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 3 the contents of a particular register are to be examined or modified enter the abbreviated register name after entering X and press CR The abbreviations for the register names are shown in the table 4 2 Table 4 2 Register Abbreviation Register Name Abbreviation Accumulator Base Count Data Stack Pointer Base Pointer Source Index Destination Index Code Segment Data Segment Stack Segment Extra Segment Instruction Pointer Program Counter Now the monitor will output an equals sign t
148. t be taken failing which the device in use as well as the PROM Programmer system is liable to be damaged i Spurious application of programming voltage to EPROM during switching operations with ESA 86 88 3 may damage the EPROM To avoid this insertion removal of EPROM should be done only when the trainer is powered ON ii Ensure that the device type number entered corresponds to the EPROM inserted in ZIF socket Avoid attempting to program already damaged devices 7 3 OPERATION EPROM programmer can be invoked either from the serial or the stand alone monitor The following discussion holds good for operation with the EPROM Programmer system for both modes of trainer operation except wherever indicated Enter P when prompted for command entry Now the EPROM programmer software gains control of the system and it will a display a list of EPROM Programmer commands as follows P Program Read Blank Check V Verify E Exit to Monitor Select Option This is the command prompt of EPROM Programmer system for ESA 86 88 3 Trainer Enter either of the following characters to proceed with the appropriate EPROM Programmer function P R B V Enter E to exit to the System Monitor OAD 68 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual The parameters required for each of the above commands described in the following sections For all these commands the system shows the default values The user may modify these parameters to su
149. tch configuration on ESA 86 88 3 Trainer Select the COM Port where the trainer is connected Click Apply Now user can see the following window OAD 15 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual WinB63 Windows Driver For Esa 86 88 3 Trainer Files View Run ExternalI F Commands I O Window Help amp CONNECTED NUM CAPS COM 9600 0000 0000 Trainer Detected COMMUNICATION STATUS SIGN ON MESSAGE 8 In some cases if the communication is not established you will see the following dialog box In this case please check the ESA 86 88 3 Trainer is powered on Check whether serial cable is connected to the PC amp ESA 86 88 3 Trainer and check the parameters by clicking the Settings Serial Communication 9 If the communication is established properly from the displayed window you can work with ESA 86 88 3 Trainer User can view the Registers Memory Dumps Downloading the hex images Uploading the hex dump to the Host PC Running the downloaded hex images single stepping breakpoints watch windows Memory modification etc 3 6 OPERATION DETAILS The complete command set of the ESA 86 88 3 is transparent and is fully supported by Win863 Refer chapter 4 for the serial monitor mode commands Click on help icon in the Win863 dialog box for help In addition Win863 supports the file download file upload and other commands which are explained below NOTE During parameter entry the system expects the alphabetic chara
150. te Left Reg8 CL Reg8 1 Mem8 CL ROLB Mem8 1 Reg16 CL Reg16 1 Mem16 CL ROLW oa Rotate Right mae CL RORB m Mem8 CL Mem8 1 Reg16 CL Reg16 1 Mem16 CL RORW Mem16 1 byte 128 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Mem16 CL SAL SHL Mem16 1 Arithmetic Right Shift Reg8 CL SARB Reg8 1 Mem8 CL SARB Mem8 1 Reg16 CL SARW Reg16 1 Mem16 CL SARW Mem16 1 Subtract Byte or Word Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode with Borrow SBBB Reg8 Mem8 Reg8 Data8 Mem8 Reg8 Mem Data Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode SBBW Reg16 Mem16 Reg16 Data16 Mem16 Reg16 Byte Mode SCASB Word Mode Scan String SCASW SHR Logical Right Shift Reg8 CL SHRB Reg8 1 HAA ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual SAL SHL Arithmetic Logical left Reg8 CL SALB shift SHLB Reg8 1 Mem8 CL SALB SHLB Mem8 1 Reg16 CL SALW SHLW Reg16 1 SAR 129 Stack Segment override prefix Set Interrupt Enable flag oo c Mem8 CL SHRB NN MN Reg16 CL SHRW NN MN Mem16 1 ss Wa NM Store into String Byte Mode STOSB Word Mode STOSW B Subtract Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode SUBB Reg8 Mem8 Reg8 Data8 Mem8 Reg8 SUBB Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode SUBW Reg16 Mem16 Reg16 Data16 Mem16 Reg16 Logical compare by AND Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode operation on bits and Reg8 Mem8 TESTB updating flag bits without j changing the operand Reg8 Data8 Mem8 Reg8 Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode TESTW Reg16 Mem16 Reg16 Data16 Mem16 Reg1
151. ter 2 Processor Control and Monitoring Interrupts PP 2 22 2 28 OAD 30 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Whenever the monitor is re entered as result of a single step or Breakpoint Interrupt the monitor saves the contents of the 8086 8088 registers on the User Stack and subsequently restores the register contents from the stack before it prompts for command entry Since the SP register is initialized to 0100H and memory locations OH CFH are reserved for monitor the stack length reserved for the user is 48 bytes i e locations DOH FFH Of these 26 bytes must be left for register contents should one of the above interrupts occur leaving 22 bytes for the user In addition locations 100H to 1FFFH are used for other system functions and system tables Hence the user RAM starts from 0 2000H 4 2 STRUCTURE OF MONITOR COMMANDS When the monitor is ready to accept a command from the user it outputs a period as the command prompt character at the beginning of a new line The commands entered by the user consist of one or two character command mnemonic followed by a list of command parameters This list may be up to three parameters long depending on the command being used When more than one parameter is required a single comma 7 7 is used between the parameters as a separator command is terminated either by a carriage return or by Escape depending on the command itself Commands are executed one at a time and only one command is all
152. the manufacturer for further details in this regard For dipswitch settings on ESA86 88 3 trainer refer chapter 2 3 8 MORE ABOUT HEX FILES The files uploaded downloaded under the control of Win863 are in the INTEL Extended Hex format which is described below 3 8 1 Intel Extended HEX Format In this format binary values are coded in ASCII For example the binary value 0100 1111 4FH is coded as two ASCII characters 4 AND F In other words the byte 4FH is represented by two bytes 34H 4 in ASCII and 46H F in ASCII Thus this representation requires twice as many bytes as required by binary representation A file in extended Hex format can consist of up to four types for records Each record begins with a record mark field containing 34H the ASCII code for colon This is followed by a RECORD LENGTH field which specifies the number of bytes of information which follow the RECORD TYPE field The maximum number of record bytes allowed in the record is 255 After the data the record has a CHECKSUM field that contains the ASCIT representation of the two s complement of the eight bit sum of the bytes that result from converting each pair of ASCII hexadecimal digits to one byte of binary from and including data field Therefore the sum of all the ASCII pairs in a record after converting to binary from the RECORD LENGTH field to and including the CHECKSUM field is zero The record ends with carriage Return Line Feed sequence 0DH
153. the next line as shown in the third instruction entered in the above example This is preceded with a gt symbol and the location counter is suitably updated and subsequently displayed with the Assembly prompt 80 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 5 Ifthe user does not wish to change the current instruction at a location then entering a CR at that location will maintain the instruction there and update the location counter Note that in this case the current line is overwritten by the next location counter and the machine code and instruction at this address Underlined lines in the above example indicate that they are overwritten by the next output line This is illustrated in the instruction at locations 0 2006H and 0 2012H 6 Labels supported by the assembler can have a maximum of three significant characters If the label contains more than three characters then they can be referred using only the first three characters The ESA 86 88 3 Monitor supports some additional label commands that are discussed later Also refer Section 8 3 5 for more details on the usage of labels 7 Almost all instructions mnemonics may be optionally suffixed with the letter W or B to indicate Word or Byte operation However for indexed addressing mode instructions that have only one operand pointing to the effective address this suffix becomes mandatory for the correct assembly of the instruction This is equivalent to specifying Word Pointer o
154. tronics compatible Parallel printer driver software and obtain hard copies of Serial mode operations e Convert 8 bit digital data to analog voltage using onboard D A converter e Convert analog signals to 12 bit digital data from up to 8 independent channels using onboard A D converter Program popular EPROMs 2716 through 27512 using the EPROM Programmer software embedded in the monitor 12 SPECIFICATIONS Central Processor 8086 or 8088 CPU operating at 8 MHz in maximum mode Default Supply 8086 2 CPU gt Co Processor On board 8087 Numeric Data processor optional Memory The memory of ESA 86 88 3 can be configured in various ways and allows the user to realize the full 1M Byte addressing capability of the CPU EPROM 2 JEDEC compatible slots offer the following options 128K bytes using 27512 256K bytes using 27010 512K bytes using 27020 1024K bytes using 27040 RAM 2 JEDEC Compatible slots offer the following 256K bytes using 628128 512K bytes using 628512 EXPANSION MEMORY 2 JEDEC slots allow expansion using either ROM or RAM D 2 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual gt Peripherals Controllers amp Interfacing Options SCN 2681 Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter supporting standard baud rates up to 38400 selected through on board DIP switch setting 8253 5 Programmable Interval Timer provides 3 independent timing channels to the user 8255A 5 Nos Programmable Pe
155. ulled low Ready input to 8284A is de asserted and when this line is high or open there is no influence on the Ready line This scheme permits off board devices to introduce Wait States if required or let the system operate with one Wait State for all instruction cycles 5 3 MEMORY ADDRESSING ESA 86 88 3 Memory is arranged in Odd and Even banks of memory so that 16 bit Read or Write operations can be achieved within a single cycle The lower 8 bits of the data bus are connected to the even memory bank while the upper 8 bits are connected to the Odd memory bank ESA 86 88 3 has six 32 pin JEDEC compatible slots labeled as U6 U11 for memory ICs Sockets U6 amp U9 are populated with EPROMs 27 010 128K x 2 256K containing System firmware Sockets U7 amp U10 are populated with static RAMs 628128 128K x 2 256K This RAM can be upgraded by populating RAM ICs 628512 512K in these slots and by making suitable jumper settings Sockets U8 amp U11 are provided for memory expansion using either RAM or ROM Memory configuration and jumper settings for various memory ICs are described in Chapter 2 RAM area starts from 0 0000H However the RAM area from 0 0000H to 0 1 FFFH is used by the system for Interrupt vectors Stack and Assembler data tables Thus user RAM area starts from location 0 2000H onwards OAD 54 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 5 3 1 MEMORY With the versatile memory options offered ESA 86 88 3 Trainer the use
156. uts will appear on the console Similarly any input parameters that are required should be entered by the terminal keyboard in case of serial mode and by the PC keyboard interfaced with the trainer during stand alone mode operation Routines listed in Section 9 2 are independent of the mode of trainer operation and are useful in applications where independent control of the I O devices is required 9 1 MONITOR ROUTINES DEPENDENT ON OPERATING MODE 1 Name of routine OUT CHAR Function Outputs an ASCII stored in AL register character to the console in Serial Mode or to LCD in Stand alone Mode Calling address FE00 0000 2 Nameofroutine OUT STRING Function Outputs a string of ASCII characters stored in memory The string is indexed by ES AX where ES is the segment value and AX is the offset address of the starting location of the string Calling address FE00 0013 3 Name of routine OUT CRLF Function Outputs a carriage return and line feed ASCII code 0AH 0DH to the LCD or console Calling address FE00 0031 4 Name of routine OUT BLANK Function Outputs a blank character ASCII code 20H to the LCD or console Calling address FE00 0049 OAD QO 92 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 10 11 12 13 OAD QO Name of routine Function Calling address Name of routine Function Calling address Name of routine Function Calling address Name of routine Function Calling address
157. ver for ESA 51 Tramer WinZip 2 Select the Driver to Uninstall and click Add Remove Then the following dialog box will appear which will ask for confirmation Application Removal Are you sure you want to completely remove Windows Driver for ESA 86798 3 Trainer and all of its components OAD 14 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual 3 Click Yes to uninstall otherwise No to come out from the uninstallation procedure 4 Delete the installation Directory manually C Program Files WIN863 3 5 CONFIGURATION OF ESA 86 88 3 TRAINER WITH WINS63 1 Switch on the PC 2 Connect ESA 86 88 3 Trainer to the Host PC using 9 to 9 pin serial cable supplied 3 Connect power supply cable and switch on ESA 86 88 3 Trainer 4 Set the Dip Switches 3 9600 baud rate 5 serial mode and 8 RS 232C communication in ON position on ESA 86 88 3 Trainer further information refer chapter 2 5 Start Win863 application on Host PC Now user can see the following Dialog Box ESA 86 3 WINS853 INS Not found 4 Serial parameters are set to 9600 COMT 8 1 None Do you want to change 6 If the Trainer is connected to COM1 port on your Host PC amp configured for 9600 baud rate click No Click Yes otherwise If yes then user will see the following dialog box 1 Settings r Port Settings Bit Settings BaudRate wa Data Bits Stop Bits Com Port Parity Bits 7 Select the BaudRate as per the dipswi
158. y to destination register Pego Data memory location Reg8 Mem8 Mem8 Reg8 Reg16 Reg16 Word Mode MOVW Reg16 Data16 Reg16 Mem16 Mem16 Reg16 SegReg Reg16 SegReg Mem16 Reg16 SegReg Mem16 SegReg Mem16 Data16 MOVW Copy String from source Byte Mode to destination MOVSB Word Mode MOVSW Multiply unsigned Byte or Negate Byte or Word and add 1 2 s complement No operation only fetch NOP Logical NOT operation 126 AD DO ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual Logical OR operation Reg8 Reg8 Byte Mode Reg8 Mem8 2 Reg8 Data8 Mem8 Reg8 16 16 Word Mode ORW Reg16 Mem16 Reg16 Data16 Mem16 Reg16 Output Byte or Word to Pop from top of stack to POPF flags register Push to top of stack SegReg Reg16 PUSH Mem16 of stack Rotate left through carry Reg8 CL RCLB Mem8 CL Reg16 CL RCLW Mem16 CL RCLW E NN Rotate right through carry CL RCRB flag Reg8 1 HAD ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual d CL RCRB 16 CL RCRW B E 1 Mem16 CL 16 1 EP Repeat instruction CX 0 Zero flag 1 Repeat following instruction until CX 0 or Zero flag 1 Return from Return from procedure No No Operand 16 Data16 RET FAR Return far No EL 16 procedure inter segment ROL Rota
159. ystem detects that the file size is greater than 64K it displays the message FILE TOO LARGE FOR CONVERSION and returns to DOS If the relocation process is completed successfully the system will write the relocated information on the output file as records in HEX format Then it will obtain the CS and IP values from the EXE file relocate them and then create a start address record using the relocated CS and IP values Then an end address record is generated and written to the output file If the system fails in OAD 27 ESA 86 88 3 User s Manual writing to the disk file it displays the message DISK WRITE FAILURE and returns to DOS After completing the process of writing it closes the HEX file During the entire process the hex records being created are displayed on the screen also The system will then extract SS an SP values from the EXE file relocate them and then display them on the console IF required these values can later be used to set the SS and SP registers separately Please note that DS an ES registers are supposed to point to an area called Program Segment Prefix when the EXE file is given control under MS DOS However when the conversion to HEX structure is performed for downloading the information into ESA 86 88 3 the Program Segment Prefix has no relevance and thus the system ignores these values b After converting an EXE file into a HEX file as described above user can install and run the Win862 and downl

chapter 1 introduction to esa 86/88-3

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