Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride
Contents
1. Pe p Loco Private Pilot Ch ECK y a PX 2 s x K m a y S es a y P 4 Jason Schappert AN Pass Your Private N IAN Pilot Checkride Visit Outer Marker Publishing s interactive website for more great titles at www outermarkerpublishing com Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride Copyright O 2011 by Jason Schappert All Rights Reserved Cover Photo Copyright 2010 by Blair McFarlain All Rights Reserved Unless Otherwise Indicated All Images O 2011 by Jason Schappert All Rights Reserved Proudly Printed In The United States of America 39 95 US 49 95 CAN Aviation Flight Training Outer Marker Publishing Ocala FL OuterMarkerPublishing com www MzeroA com 2 e2 Pass Your Private ke Pilot Checkride To my parents who helped me dream big To my beautiful bride who helped me achieve those dreams Jason Schappert poi Pass Your Private N ON Ee E Zs P il O t Ch ECK r a E o Acknowledgments 16 About the Author and About This Book 17 A Personal Note From Jason 17 Chapter 1 Know Your Certificates and Documents 18 What is required to become a Private Pilot 18 What are your privileges and limitations 19 How do you remain current as a Private Pilot 19 What documents are required aboard the aircraft 20 Do aircraft registrations ever expire 20 What documents must you have on you always while acting as PIC 20 What inspections are required2. A Note From Jason Source 14 CFR 61 3 Your logbook may or may not be required depending on your required endorsements As a student pilot you MUST have your endorsements so it s required you fly with your logbook www MzeroA com 20 ests Pass Your Private N OS e P il ot Ch ECK r Id E gt o What inspections are required for your aircraft As a general rule almost every aircraft can fall under the acronym AVIATES A AD s airworthiness directives V VOR Check every 30 days IFR Only Inspections Annual and 100 hour 100 hour is only if flown for hire A Altimeter every 24 calendar months T Transponder every 24 calendar months E ELT every 12 calendar months S Static System every 24 calendar months Source 14 CFR 91 409 What is the difference between a 100 hour and an Annual A 100 hour is considered to be not as strict or demanding as an annual inspection A favorite checkride question is Can a 100 hour take the place on an annual The answer is NO However an annual CAN take the place of a 100 hour Source 14 CFR 91 409 What is an MEL MEL stands for minimum equipment list The best way to think of it is The equipment that is allowed to be broken and still fly Source AC 91 67 What is a special flight permit A special flight permit gives temporary airworthiness to an aircraft that does not have current airworthy status This is usually for a flight on a certain day to only
3. Somatogravic Illusion This is caused usually during takeoff The rapid acceleration pushes the pilot back in his or her seat giving them the sensation of a nose up attitude to correct the pilot noses the plane over towards the earth NOTE A rapid deceleration has the opposite effect Inversion Illusion A quick change from a climb to level flight makes the pilot feel as though he or she is tumbling backwards The natural tendency is to nose the aircraft over which actually intensifies the illusion Elevator Illusion On a turbulent day and updraft could cause extreme vertical acceleration the pilot then continues to nose over the aircraft this illusion also has the opposite effect with downdrafts Although intense this illusion presents the least of troubles considering it usually happens at higher altitudes False Horizon A false horizon can be caused by city lights clouds stars darkness It causes the pilot to believe that it is the horizon The pilot then places the aircraft in this dangerous attitude www MzeroA com 26 Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride Autokinesis At night when a light is stared at for a long period of time it begins to move While flying at night pilots should not stare at stationary lights for long periods of time to avoid this sensation A Note From Jason The easiest way to remember your 8 types of spatial disorientation is by using the acronym ICEFLAGS Inversion Illusion
4. for your aircraft 21 What is the difference between a 100 hour and an Annual 21 What is an MEL 21 What is a special flight permit 21 Chapter 2 Aeromedical Factors 22 Explain the three types of medicals 22 What is hypoxia 24 What are the 4 types of hypoxia 24 What are some symptoms of hypoxia 24 www MzeroA com Pass Your Private N ON Pilot Checkride gt Explain Hyperventilation 25 Name and explain the 8 types of spatial disorientation 25 Chapter 3 Physical Weather 28 What is standard temperature and pressure 28 What are the 3 main layers of the atmosphere 28 The cause of all weather is a result of a 28 Wind is the result of 28 Name and explain the 4 main types of fog 28 Compare stable versus unstable air 30 What is the difference between an airmass and a front 30 Name the 4 main types of fronts 31 What causes turbulence 31 Name and explain the 3 types of icing 31 What 3 ingredients must be present for a thunderstorm to develop 31 What are the 3 stages of a thunderstorm 32 What are isobars 32 Chapter 4 Textual Weather 33 METARS 33 TAFS 36 Pireps 37 www MzeroA com Pass Your Private N ON Pilot Checkride gt Area Forecasts 38 Winds and Temperatures Aloft 40 Example 40 What is a prognostic chart 41 What is a surface analysis chart 42 What is a weather depiction chart 43 What is the difference between an AIRMET SIGMET and Convective SIGMET 44 What are the 3 types of AIRMETS 44 Wh
5. visibility to near zero at times and make driving very hazardous Advection Fog Advection fog often looks like radiation fog and is also the result of condensation However the condensation in this case is caused not by a reduction in surface temperature but rather by the horizontal movement of warm moist air over a cold surface This means that advection fog can sometimes be distinguished from radiation fog by its horizontal motion along the ground Sea fogs are always advection fogs because the oceans don t radiate heat in the same way as land and so never cool sufficiently to produce radiation fog Fog forms at sea when warm air associated with a warm current drifts over a cold current and condensation takes place AOVectI IN FOO Cold Surface eE Pass Your Private N ON Ke Pilot Checkride e Upslope Fog Upslope fog forms when light winds push moist air up a hillside or mountainside to a level where the air becomes saturated and condensation occurs This type of fog usually forms a good distance from the peak of the hill or mountain and covers a large area Steam Fog This type of fog forms when sufficient water vapor is added to the air by evaporation and the moist air mixes with cooler relatively drier air Steam fog forms when cold air moves over warm water When the cool air mixes with the warm moist air over the water the moist air cools until its humidity reaches 100 and fog forms This type of fo
6. 56 When are anti collision lights required for night flight 56 What color are taxiway lights 57 What are REIL 57 What color are airport beacons 57 How do you activate airport lights at night 57 What additional steps should be taken while preflighting at night 58 What procedures should be taken if an engine failure was to occur at night 58 What considerations should be taken using your strobes at night 58 Chapter 7 Aircraft Systems 59 What are the four control surfaces 59 What is the function of the flaps 59 How is steering accomplished on the ground 59 What type of engine does your aircraft have 59 What are the four cycles strokes of an engine 60 How does the carb heat system work 60 Why do we experience a drop in RPM when applying carb heat 60 What does the mixture control 60 www MzeroA com eet Pass Your Private e Pilot Checkride Explain your airplanes fuel system 60 What is the purpose of a fuel pump Does your aircraft have one 61 What are the grades and colors of fuel 61 Assuming an airport is out of 80 grade can we use a substitute 61 Explain the electrical system in your aircraft 61 Why is the battery less voltage than the system 61 What does our electrical system power 62 What does the Ammeter tell us 62 What is the purpose of a voltage regulator 62 Which of our instruments operate on a gyroscope 62 What are the two main fundamentals of a gyroscope 62 Name the errors that can effect
7. C Coriolis Illusion E Elevator Illusion F False Horizon L Leans A Autokinesis G Graveyard Spin Spiral S Somoatogravic Illusion www MzeroA com 27 Pass Your Private N ON Pilot Checkride gt Chapter 3 Physical Weather Physical weather is huge for pilots What causes thunderstorms What s a front What causes turbulence Physical weather is so important not only for the test but for real world flying What is standard temperature and pressure 15 Degrees C 59 F 29 92 Inches of Mercury 1013 2 Hg hectopascals What are the 3 main layers of the atmosphere The Troposphere The Tropopause The Stratosphere The cause of all weather is a result of a Heat Exchange Wind is the result of Changes differences in pressure Name and explain the 4 main types of fog Radiation Fog Advection Fog Upslope Fog Steam Fog Radiation Fog This type of fog forms at night under clear skies with calm winds when heat absorbed by the earth s surface during the day is radiated into space As the earth s surface continues to cool provided a deep enough layer of moist air is present near the ground the humidity will reach 100 and fog will form Radiation fog varies in www MzeroA com 28 Es P ass Your Private N W Pilot Checkride X zeroA com depth from 3 feet to about 1 000 feet and is always found at ground level and usually remains stationary This type of fog can reduce
8. ame out it sold out Thinking quick we created an ebook to fill demand Never in my wildest dreams did expect this outcome You guys my long distance student pilots have made all of this possible encourage you to continue sending in your testimonials and words of your great SUCCESS thank everyone for their hard work in putting this altogether Jason www MzeroA com 16 p Pass Your Private N NS Pilot Checkride X About the Author and About This Book This book was written as a resource for you the pilot To help with your success and great future as a pilot The author Jason Schappert was named AOPA s top collegiate flight instructor in 2008 and has been hosting aviation seminars and classes since 2007 With over 4 000 hours of instruction time Jason is dedicated to helping you excel during your flight training in the air and on the ground His website m0a com pronounced M zero A has been helping pilots for years through his interactive video and audio lessons along with informative articles Over the years Jason has compiled a huge list of checkride examiners favorite questions to ask and will share them with you in this book A Personal Note From Jason Dear Pilot Thank you for taking the time to read this Already can tell you re going to be a success because a good pilot really is always learning don t ever stop So many things change in the aviation industry that s my prima
9. an attitude indicator 63 What are some limitations of the heading indicator 63 What would the turn coordinator indicate in a slipping skidding turn 64 Name the compass errors 64 What is the purpose of the alternate static source 64 If our altimeter was set at 29 20 and we move it to 30 00 what change would you note 65 How does the pitot static system work 65 What instruments operate on the pitot static system 65 Chapter 8 System Malfunctions and Emergency Procedures 66 www MzeroA com 9 Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride What is the first indication of carb ice 66 Define detonation and pre ignition 66 What steps need to be taken if either is detected 67 What steps should be taken if you get a bad RPM drop while checking magnetos 67 What does low oil pressure mean and what should you do about it 67 What procedures should you take following a partial loss of power 67 What procedures should you take following a complete loss of power 67 What procedures should you conduct following an engine fire in flight 68 What procedures should you take following an engine fire on the ground 68 What is the minimum altitude you can descend to while conducting a simulated emergency approach 68 What is CFIT 68 What would you do if the engine began running rough in flight 69 In the event of an alternator failure how long will your battery last 69 What will you lose if you lose the battery 69 If your vacuum system fa
10. at is a center weather advisory 44 Define the term ceiling 44 Which is worse a SIGMET or an AIRMET 44 How can you update weather enroute 44 Chapter 5 Performance and Limitations 45 What 4 forces are always acting on an airplane 45 What is angle of attack 45 What is relative wind 45 What is Bernoulli s Principle 45 What is a stall 46 What factors effect stall speed 47 How does center of gravity effect aircraft performance 47 www MzeroA com Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride What is P Factor 47 What are the 2 types of drag 47 What is load factor 48 What effect does an increase in load factor have on stall speed 48 Define maneuvering speed Va 48 What is the relationship between maneuvering speed and weight 48 What causes a spin 49 What is proper spin recovery 49 When are spins most likely to occur 49 Define ground effect 50 What is adverse yaw 50 Define these weight and balance related terms 50 Answer the following weight shift problem 52 Explain the different types of altitude 53 What is density altitude 53 How can you calculate density altitude 53 What factors effect density altitude 54 Define the following Vspeeds 55 Define the following airspeeds 55 Chapter 6 Flying at night 56 www MzeroA com eet Pass Your Private e Pilot Checkride Do we use our cones or rods to see at night 56 What can you do to protect your eye sight at night 56 When are position lights required for night flight
11. d class and type rating if required If the aircraft is conventional gear tailwheel taildragger the landings must be to a full stop If the passengers are to be carried at night the PIC must have made those 3 landings to a full stop during a period of 1 hour after sunset and 1 hour before sunrise Source 14 CFR 61 56 amp 61 57 www MzeroA com 19 Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride What documents are required aboard the aircraft To help us remember what documents are required aboard our aircraft at all times we ve developed the acronym ARROW A Airworthiness Certificate R Registration Certificate R Radio License International Flights Only O Operations Manual W Weight and Balance Documents Source 14 CFR 91 203 4 91 9 Do aircraft registrations ever expire No they by nature don t have an expiration date However they can be nullified made void the acronym to remember that is 3OFTDUC 30 Foot Duck 30 Thirty Days After Death F Foreign Registry change to another country for aircraft registration T Transfer of Ownership If you sell your airplane D Destroyed If the aircraft is destroyed U United States citizenship revoked C Cancelled Source FAA H 8083 25 What documents must you have on you always while acting as PIC To act as PIC Pilot in Command aboard an aircraft you must have Photo ID Drivers License Military ID etc Pilot Certificate Medical
12. e currents obstructions to wind flow and wind shear Name and explain the 3 types of icing Clear hard and glossy forms after impact and spreads over the airfoil and freezes sheet like over the airfoil Rime brittle and frost like created by small drops and freeze rapidly before the drop has time to spread across the airfoil Mixed hard and rough forms when drops vary in size or when snow is mixed in with the rain What 3 ingredients must be present for a thunderstorm to develop Sufficient water vapor An unstable lapse rate Uplifting to start the process in motion www MzeroA com 31 ves Pass Your Private er e Pilot Checkride y 4 What are the 3 stages of a thunderstorm Cumulus Stage characterized by initial updrafts Mature Stage characterized by the beginning of falling precipitation Dissipating Stage characterized by large downdrafts where the storm begins to rain itself out What are isobars Lines depicted on a weather chart showing areas of like pressure END OF SAMPLE This book has produced more Private Pilots than any on the market It also has an audiobook which student pilots love as it helps them continue to learn on the go and fit flight training in their busy lives This book is a MUST HAVE for ANY STUDENT www MzeroA com 32
13. g takes on the appearance of wisps of smoke rising off the surface of the water Compare stable versus unstable air Stable air calm air Unstable air Turbulent Characteristics of a stable air include stratiform clouds continuous precipitation smooth air and fair to poor visibility in haze and smoke Characteristics of Unstable air Cumulus clouds showery precipitation good visibility strong surface winds What is the difference between an airmass and a front Air mass An air mass is a large body of air that has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout The best source regions for air masses are large flat areas where air can be stagnant long enough to take on the characteristics of the surface below Front A front is defined as the transition zone between two air masses of different density Fronts extend not only in the horizontal direction but in the vertical as well www MzeroA com 30 Pass Your Private e gt Oy 3 Pilot Checkride X Name the 4 main types of fronts Cold Front 1 Leading edge of colder air that is replacing warmer air Warm Front 2 Leading edge of warmer air that is replacing cooler air Stationary Front 3 A front that is not moving Occluded Front 4 When a cold front catches up to a warm front 4 2 3 4 What causes turbulence Turbulence can range from small annoying bumps to aircraft damaging jolts The main causes of turbulence are convectiv
14. horizon First up is The Leans The leans occur when a quick correction of a banked attitude happens to slowly The sensory in your inner ear send your brain the sensation of banking in the opposite direction However the disoriented pilot will just over bank in the wrong direction possibly rolling the aircraft Coriolis Illusion The Coriolis Illusion ls caused by making a quick head movement during a constant rate turn that has ceased stimulating the inner ear The most common occurrence of this is A pilot making a timed 180 degree turn for one minute dropping a pen approach plate etc Thus stirring up the fluid in the inner ear when the pilot comes back up he will feel as though he is straight and level although his instruments show he is still turning It is best to avoid abrupt head movements while under IFR www MzeroA com 25 exis Pass Your Private Noa Pilot Checkride Graveyard Spin The pilot recovering from a spin that had stopped the fluid in the inner ear can create the illusion that he or she has entered a spin in the other direction although they just reenter the original spin Graveyard Spiral While turning you notice you have lost altitude Your sensory systems makes you feel as though you are in level flight so you pitch back Although you are actually in a turn the abrupt pitching back tightens the turn and you loose more altitude and increase the loss of altitude the process then repeats itself
15. iled which two instruments would you lose 69 Chapter 9 Airspace 70 What is class A airspace 70 What are the VFR cloud clearance requirements in class A airspace 70 How is class B depicted on a sectional chart 70 www MzeroA com 10 off 3 Pass Your Private 5 N Pilot Checkride X gt Fen As a student pilot can you fly solo into class B airspace 71 Is a mode c transponder required 71 Do you have to talk to anyone 71 What are the VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements in class B airspace 71 What is class C airspace 71 How is class C depicted on a sectional 71 As a student pilot can you fly solo into class C airspace 71 Is a mode c transponder required 71 Do you have to talk to anyone 71 What are the VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements in class C airspace 72 How is class D depicted on a sectional 72 As a student pilot can you fly solo into class D airspace 72 Is a mode c transponder required 72 Do you have to talk to anyone 72 What are the VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements in class D airspace 72 What is class E airspace 73 Is class E airspace controlled 73 What are the VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements in class E airspace 73 www MzeroA com 11 ene Pass Your Private e Pilot Checkride What are the different types of class E airspace 73 What is class G airspace 74 What are the VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirements in class G ai
16. le to define these runway markings 89 What is standard altitude for a traffic pattern 89 What direction are turns in a standard traffic pattern 89 What is zulu time 90 What is wake turbulence 90 How can you avoid wake turbulence 91 What does the term LAHSO mean 91 Before departure what items should passengers be briefed on 91 www MzeroA com 13 Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride What Is Line Up and Wait 91 Chapter 12 Cross Country Flight Planning 92 What are the two most common ways to navigate 92 What type of charts would you use for basic VFR navigation 92 What is an isogonic line 92 What is magnetic variation 92 How do you convert true to magnetic 92 What is a VOR 93 What is an NDB 93 What is RNAV 93 What is GPS 93 What are the different methods of checking a VOR for accuracy 94 What is DME 94 What are the 4 C s of your lost procedures 94 How do you activate your VFR flight plan 94 When is A VFR Flight Plan Required 95 What is CRM 95 Questions And Tips From MzeroA Readers Across The World 96 The Checkride Blueprint 102 Conclusion 103 www MzeroA com 14 e Pass Your Private Xa g A Pilot Checkride What should you bring on test day How should you dress on test day How to pass and do your best 103 103 103 15 AN Pass Your Private NX e Pilot Checkride Xx Acknowledgments Thank you for making this book all that it is The day the first edition of this book c
17. mination or 12 calendar months for operations requiring a second class medical certificate or e 24 calendar months for operations requiring a third class medical certificate if the airman is age 40 or over on or before the date of the examination or e 60 calendar months for operations requiring a third class medical certificate if the airman has not reached age 40 on or before the date of examination www MzeroA com 23 ess 2s Pass Your Private gt lt ON e Pilot Checkride X gt What is hypoxia Hypoxia is most simply put is a lack of oxygen to the brain What are the 4 types of hypoxia 1 Hypoxic hypoxia is the most common and is caused by decreased oxygen or the inability to diffuse the oxygen across the lungs If this happens the person has less than 100 saturation of the blood in the arteries This can happen if you are at an altitude where the oxygen content of air is low i e over 12 500 feet Another problem would be if a person s lungs were damaged so oxygen transfer was impaired 2 Hypemic hypoxia is caused by the reduction of the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood Anemia low hemoglobin can cause this The oxygen is available but there isn t enough good blood to carry the oxygen Carbon monoxide poisoning will cause this type of Hypoxia The blood holds on to the carbon monoxide from the exhaust leak in your engine and your capacity to carry oxygen decreases you become hypoxic 3 Stagnant hypoxia i
18. nd it s valid until the last day of April 2013 www MzeroA com 18 D Pass Your Private SON Pilot Checkride Xx What are your privileges and limitations Limitations Cannot pay less than pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers These expenses that must be shared include Fuel oil airport fees or rental fees gt Cannot fly for hire Privileges You can demonstrate an aircraft to a prospective buyer as long as you are an aircraft salesperson or broker and have at least 200 hours of logged time May act as PIC Pilot in Command of an aircraft towing a glider as long as you meet the requirement in 14 CFR 61 69 May act as PIC of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment if it is only incidental to that business or employment and does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire Source 14 CFR 61 113 How do you remain current as a Private Pilot Within the preceding 24 calendar months you must complete a flight review Known as the biennial flight review This must be completed in an aircraft for which the pilot is rated by an authorized instructor and received a logbook endorsement certifying that the person has completed the review satisfactorily To remain current carrying passengers a pilot must Within the preceding 90 days completed 3 takeoffs and landings as the sole manipulator of the flight controls in an aircraft of the same category an
19. ond class medical certificate the applicant must meet in general these requirements Distant acuity of 20 20 in each eye and Near vision of 20 40 Ability to distinguish aviation red aviation signal green and white Normal field of vision www MzeroA com 22 ess 2s Pass Your Private gt lt ON e Pilot Checkride X gt 3RD CLASS MEDICAL Every pilot is required to have at least a 3rd class medical Most general medical ovdyuration of this medical is 60 calendar months under 40 yrs 24 calendar months This is a VERY recent change as it use to be 36 calendar months for people under 40 Many students are unaware of the change and that makes this a popular checkride question To be eligible for the third class medical certificate the applicant must meet in general these requirements Distant acuity of 20 40 in each eye with or without corrective lenses and Near vision of 20 40 e Ability to distinguish aviation red aviation signal green and white e Normal field of vision e Normal field of hearing Medicals are valid as follows A first class medical certificate is valid for the remainder of the month of issue plus e 6calendar months for operations requiring a first class medical certificate if the airman is age 40 or over on or before the date of the examination or 12 calendar months for operations requiring a first class medical certificate if the airman has not reached age 40 on or before the date of exa
20. one airport An example would be My airplane is based at a private grass strip where there is no mechanic in the area It s out of annual and not airworthy My local FSDO would approve me to fly out with a special flight permit to an airport with a mechanic lf they deem the airplane is safe for flight Source 14 CFR 91 213 amp 21 197 www MzeroA com 21 PES Pass Your Private N N Ee E Zs P il O t Ch ECK r a E o Chapter 2 Aeromedical Factors You maybe asking What on earth are aeromedical factors The term aeromedical in relation to being a pilot is talking about hypoxia carbon monoxide poisoning hyperventilation etc Although this chapter is small it still covers in great detail everything you need to know to pass your private pilot checkride Explain the three types of medicals 1ST CLASS MEDICAL Pilots with their ATPs are required to have this medical Highest and most extensive medical Duration of this medical is 6 months To be eligible for the first class medical certificate the applicant must meet in general these requirements Distant acuity of 20 20 in each eye and Near vision of 20 40 Ability to distinguish aviation red aviation signal green and white Normal field of vision Normal field of hearing 2ND CLASS MEDICAL Pilots that hold and use a commercial license are required to have this medical Duration of this medical is 12 calendar months To be eligible for the sec
21. rspace 74 Name and define the different types of special use airspace 76 Which airspace falls under the other airspace category 77 Chapter 10 The National Transportation Safety Board 78 Define an aircraft accident 78 Define an aircraft incident 78 When is immediate notification of the NTSB required 78 Define the term serious injury 79 Break down the following accident incident 79 Is this an accident or incident 79 Why is this a serious injury 79 When should you file a report with the NTSB 79 Chapter 11 The FAR AIM 80 What restrictions concern pilots and the use of alcohol 80 Under what conditions may something be dropped from the airplane 80 What preflight action is to be taken before each flight 80 When must seat belts be worn and by whom 81 What are the right of way rules 81 www MzeroA com 12 eet Pass Your Private e Pilot Checkride What is the minimum safe altitude to operate an aircraft over a congested area 82 What about area categorized as other than congested 83 Explain the light gun signals 83 What procedures should taken to receive light gun signals 84 What are the fuel requirements for VFR day VFR night 84 What instruments are required for VFR day VFR night 84 What is an ELT 85 When is an ELT NOT required 86 What are the requirements regarding the use of supplemental oxygen 86 What is a VASI 87 What is a PAPI 87 Be able to define the following airport lighting aids 88 Be ab
22. ry reason for this book An updated user manual for passing your private pilot checkride lve sat in many checkrides and heard an array of questions Your checkride is kind of like playing who want s to be a millionaire The examiner asks questions you answer If you re lucky you have a few lifelines to fall back on Consider this book a valuable life line read it understand it and don t hesitate to contact me and ask Best wishes in your flight training Jaton M Es chapped www MzeroA com 17 Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride Chapter 1 Know Your Certificates and Documents It s the first thing your checkride examiner is going to ask is concerning your certificate private pilot and your airplane s certificates documents Know where to locate your airplanes documents and take a good look at them Questions like these are always a given What is required to become a Private Pilot You must be At least 17 years of age Hold at least a current third class medical Be able to read write and speak the English language Meet applicable and required aeronautical experience requirements Pass the appropriate knowledge test with a passing grade usually a 70 Receive required ground and flight training endorsements Source 14 CFR 61 103 A Note From Jason As you explain each requirement describe why you meet each one Example You must hold at least a third class medical which have right here a
23. s caused by reduced cardiac output the pump isn t working good enough or by venous pooling during high G force stresses We are all getting older and we have to remember that the function of the heart is essential for pumping the oxygenated blood 4 Histotoxic hypoxia occurs when all systems are working but the cells can t take the oxygen from the blood The oxygen is available Alcohol or cyanide poisoning can cause this What are some symptoms of hypoxia Headache Dizziness Cyanosis and Euphoria These keep in mind are just a few Everyone reacts differently however you will repeat the same symptoms in the same order each time www MzeroA com 24 Pass Your Private Pilot Checkride Explain Hyperventilation The most important thing to remember is the signs of hypoxia and hyperventilation are almost the same this is why it s best to treat for the worst hypoxia to save someone s life if the situation is serious enough Hyperventilation can also be called over breathing the person is breathing at too rapid of a rate and exhaling all of their carbon dioxide from the blood Usually the cause of panic the best cure is to breath into a bag or simply calm yourself or your passenger down Keep in mind the symptoms to hyperventilation and hypoxia are EXACTLY the same Name and explain the 8 types of spatial disorientation Spatial Disorientation is the state of confusion where the pilot loses orientation to the
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