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Word based text producing system

1. o key however causes processor 30 to signal set selector 36 to get the set assigned to the letters wo The display changes to present WAY and the wo set as shown in Table C TABLE C DISPLAY FOR wo TWO KEY CHORD SET WAY woman q wonder w worde worer lmno wood a workshop s worry d worse 2 worship x worst wound v The Table C display pattern is a mirror image of the Table B display pattern Other right hand last set select keys get the Table C pattern while other left hand last set select keys get the Table B pattern The action for the Table C pattern is similar to that just described for Table B Release of the key before actuation of another key outputs way the selected member of the last set A left hand key such as actuated before release of the key selects a member of the wo set and a new set such as the wor set Chord processor 30 actions for satellite and other same hand keys remain to be described later Like the word start inputs to chord processor 30 a word start input on either line 145 or line 26 select both a word from the MFW set and an attribute which in turn selects a set of words Processor 32 as previously mentioned signals member selector 37 for the MFW and selector 36 for the set Unlike the chord embodiment and like the MFW Display displays for the newly selected word sets can use the full width of the screen This allows l
2. Most of the foregoing systems combine chord typing with regular typing Goldwasser and Rollhaus et al for example use the time intervals between key operations to distinguish those for chords from those for regular typing Arellano et al Todd Chang Hayashi et al Venema and Goldwasser use dedicated strings or special keys to mark inputs for words Byte published by McGraw Hill articles titled The Point of the Pen and Touch and Feel Interfaces pgs 221 226 of the February 1991 issue and NCR Knows Notepads pgs 37 38 of the August 1991 issue discuss and other non keyboard input systems SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The overall objective of the present invention is a better way to produce the text of any language for any computer type application responsive to inputs from keyboards or from non keyboard apparatus An objective of the present invention are systems which enable display assisted users to produce nearly all of the words of any language with a minimum amount of input information Another objective of the present invention are systems of the aforementioned type which literate persons can almost immediately use to produce text Still another objective of the present invention are sys tems of the aforementioned type which use keyboard inputs and which enable typists to type easier and faster Yet another objective of the present invention are systems of the aforementioned type which use keyboar
3. 538 Budworth et al U S Pat No 3 892 915 and Lefler U S Pat No 4 765 764 are examples of systems that produce text from stenographic inputs 10 15 30 35 45 50 55 65 2 ONE HAND CHORD TYPING Bequaert et al U S Pat No 4 042 777 produces both words and characters from chords determined by detection of First Released Keys or All Released Keys Hilam et al U S Pat No 4 833 446 Enfield U S Pat No 4 442 506 Densen U S Pat No 4 836 700 are other examples of one handed typing systems TELEPHONE KEYBOARD ALPHABETIC CHARAC TER TYPING Hilborne et al U S Pat No 3 833 765 Knowlton U S Pat No 3 967 273 Prame U S Pat No 4 344 069 and Whitaker U S Pat No 4 490 056 produce character outputs from sequential operations of more than one key TIMING OF KEY OPERATIONS FOR CHORDS Rollhaus et al U S Pat Nos 4 638 306 amp 4 674 280 and Goldwasser U S Pat No 4 891 786 use the time intervals between operations of key combinations to distin guish chords ABBREVIATED TYPING OF WORDS Arellano et al Word Generation System for Typists IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin Vol 17 No 8 January 1975 describes a system which generates the final portions of words after the typing of strings of first letters Todd Abbreviated Typing for Word Processing IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin Vol 21 No 9 February 1979 generates words in response to the typi
4. 6 IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin 30 CHORD PROCESSOR 1 H PROCESSOR 7 SELECTOR P SELECTOR Ead SET DISPLAY SET VOCABULARY Multilingual Word Processing by Joseph D Becker Scientific American Jul 1984 pp 96 107 The Point of the Pen by Robert M Carr Byte Feb 1991 pp 211 221 Touch and Feel Interfaces by Andrew Reinhardt Byte Feb 1919 223 226 Primary Examiner Jeffery Hofsass Assistant Examiner Andrew Hill 57 ABSTRACT On word starts the system displays sets of very frequent words and attributes in locations which associate them with input actions Possible attributes include letters phonetic sounds character strokes or parameters as appropriate for the language Attributes inputted select word sets from a vocabulary which has N sets of a plurality of word sets in which the words of each set share a unique set of one to N attributes The display presents accessed word sets which the user may search for wanted words Vocabulary words include codes to select inflection sets when they are selected For alphabetic languages spelling rules and a store of modified word ends and inflection starts are used in the application of inflections Selected words with or without inflections are outputted by input actions which may append Space or punctuation endings User actions on keyboard and or stroke sensing apparatus input attrib
5. attribute and wherein move ment of the element in a prescribed pattern inputs the attribute assigned to the respective pattern 6 The method defined in claim 1 wherein step b also stores a single zeroth order word set of the most frequently used words of the language and wherein is included the step of temporarily enabling an input means to output a word of said zeroth order set and wherein step k outputs said word responsive to operation of the enabled input means 7 The method defined in claim 1 wherein step a puts the more frequently used words in the lower order word sets 8 A method for inputting data items to a data handling system performed by computer apparatus including a data processing unit a memory a display and an input means 5 649 223 27 including a moveable element and a set of single motion patterns each having a shape and a direction said method comprising the steps of a storing a set of said data items in memory b assigning each data item to one of said patterns c displaying the data items in positions about a reference position to associate the data items with the patterns to which they are assigned d moving the element in a pattern to which a wanted data item is assigned d2 sensing the position of said element at periodic intervals determining the pattern executed by movement of said element from the sensed successive positions of said element and f inputting the data item assigned
6. attributes used for word sets depend on the language and on potential users In the case of alphabetic languages starting letter strings of wanted words are known by writers so various lengths of letters strings serve nicely as sets of attributes Inputs of strings of letters with no set assigned can produce words not in the system vocabulary Any language could substitute phonetic sounds for letters as attributes Non alphabetic languages may supplement or replace phonetic sounds with components or parameters of text characters that users of the language know and easily associate with words Some languages may find parts of speech useful as additional attributes All languages include a set of words whose only shared attribute is very frequent use On word starts a display shows a set of the most frequently used words and indicates the inputs to select the words The inputs may also select attributes which in turn select the next most frequent word sets For position inputs the display has the items spread out for easy touch selection In the case of keyboard models the display shows the words mapped on a keyboard to associate with the keys which select them The display may include key characters to assist typists For stroke inputs the display presents the words and attributes positioned about a center Directions from the center correspond to those of stroke directions for selection Each selection advances the display to the next set to
7. each of the plurality of word stems in the set rather than for just one Present case FIG 4 packets further include Next Indexes for jumps to the next packet 50 in the chain and use two byte Branch Indexes for longer jumps to next branches The FIG 5 arrangement of set packets 50 for a fragmen tary section of vocabulary 42 is the same as that of FIG 5 of the parent case Only the contents of the packets differ The search for sets in this case can thus be substantially the same as that for words in the parent case The present case searches are somewhat more efficient as the new Next Indexes avoid having to scan through text and code to the next packet 50 in a chain and the larger Branch Indexes eliminate the need for intermediate jumps to reach Next Branches On word starts set selector 36 uses the first set select attribute inputted to access pointers to the line 51 a inputs to the packets 50a which hold the first sets As they are reached by pointer the set packets 50a do not require code elements or Branch Indexes Set selector 36 copies the pointers to member selector 37 and display 44 for possible actions on the sets and also stores them for the start of searches called for by subsequent inputs A second set select input causes selector 36 to jump via line 52 by the Next Index to the following packet 50b After the jump selector 36 compares the second attribute inputted with the Code Element of the packet 50b If the
8. from sensor 71 as arguments Get input calls other functions to process sample data identify strokes and convert strokes to key scancodes according to Table 32 or Table 24 Get input returns the scancodes to the input control program for input to the actuate only model Get input calls check start to determine when stroke has started and check end to processs following sample data to determine stroke ends The listing has two versions of the short stroke and get stroke functions one for FIG 11 and the other for FIG 8 type strokes Check start and check end detect pen stops and pen slow downs and speed ups as boundaries between strokes Stops or pauses between strokes do not add a time penalty for users who use the display for next items Experienced users able to rapidly execute stroke sequences for frequently used words however may be penalized by stops or pauses The get stroke module could be modified to include the listed angle break function to detect abrupt angle changes between strokes Stroke sequences could then be executed as rapidly as possible with abrupt angle changes Stops or slow downs could still be used where small or no angle changes occur between successive strokes Another way to get stroke boundaries without intravening stops or pauses where are identified only by angle and curvature is to establish definite lengths or intervals for strokes Such limits could be used along o
9. or use only straight strokes Applications with sets of more than 24 members might increase the number of angles perhaps from eight to twelve or more at the cost of increased precision in executing strokes The set of strokes shown in FIG 8 have the same dimensions of speed or force and length or duration 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 50 55 60 65 20 Different sets of strokes can have different dimensions to offer various types of composite sets such as larger numbers or only straight strokes FIG 9 shows a reference circle 605 with the strokes 1ST through 8ST of FIG 8 included along with fast strokes IF through 8F An inner circle 60c has the Short strokes 1SH through 8SH If more strokes were needed curved strokes of different dimensions more dimensions and different stroke endings could be added Few applications however will require more strokes than those illustrated in FIGS 8 and 9 The different directions of the strokes of FIGS 8 and 9 enable them to easily associate with displays of their input assignments A circular display of items would provide the most direct spatial association between items and strokes but circular displays are impractical for many applications FIG 10 shows a display arrangment of assignment locations 66a in an outer rectangle for FIG 8 stroke assignments and of assignment locations 66b in an inner rectangular square for FIG 9 strokes of shorter length Circle 60ab rep
10. plural and past tense inflections which were assigned the z and x keys The punctuation keys the x and z keys and the Space Bar if not otherwise handled move to the Shift set 20 25 30 45 50 55 65 22 24 FIG 10 Stroke Key Substitutions Except for j and being moved to the z and x key slots of Table 32 the Table 24 stroke assignments are the same as those of corresponding slots of Table 32 Conver sion of strokes to the respective key scancodes for input to the actuate only model get the various assignments in response to strokes Modification of the actuate only dis plays to the FIG 10 patterns then complete 32 and 24 stroke models It will of course be recognized that the keyboard restrictions of the actuate only model need not be imposed on stroke only models Other stroke assignment patterns could be more suitable for non keyboard users It will be recalled that the actuate only model used keys to select MFWs and word stems and either the Space Bar or punctuation keys to output them The Space Bar operated substantially with the selection key as in a chord got MFWs outputs in nearly the time fop one key stroke Stroke models can similarly use the Space Bar and other hand operated auxiliary keys in combination with strokes as special type of chord Such chords can select and output MFWs and other words in nearly the time for single stroke
11. rta 1s ste wo owa vfi ifica yl lia yIp plica FIG 3A U S Patent Jul 15 1997 Sheet 3 of 10 5 649 223 static char se_ble_bly 1 cu uci ed si ecr rci esno onsi esr rsi 55 551 tp pti ts sti xa axa xe exi 3 static char el il FIG 3B U S Patent Jul 15 1997 Sheet 4 of 10 5 649 223 S LL SET 50 50c SET TEXT CODE DATA SET CODE ELEMENT FIG 5 5 649 223 Sheet 5 of 10 Jul 15 1997 U S Patent Ild 91 5 649 223 Sheet 6 of 10 Jul 15 1997 U S Patent 9IpP N U S Patent Jul 15 1997 Sheet 7 of 10 5 649 223 US Patent Jul 15 1997 Sheet 8 of 10 5 649 223 2 CW 66a 1ST 66a FIG 10 Q US Patent Jul 15 1997 Sheet 9 of 10 5 649 223 25 26 SAMPLE ELEMENT SENSOR ANALYZER GUTPUT 7 ME 5 649 223 Sheet 10 of 10 Jul 15 1997 U S Patent MJ lt 09 ME NOSE LN 099 noi tien 099 el Ild 999 goes Ins M078 029 5 649 223 1 WORD BASED TEXT PRODUCING SYSTEM This application is a continuation in pa
12. sets may include some members not forming allowed words with all stems Users then decide which inflections to use with each stem As previously described the first inputs of all model types select both a member of a first set and a second set After the first input chord models use one type of input to select sets and another to select members Non chord models continue to select both a set and a member with each input The user s choice of inputs depend on whether a member or another set is wanted Upon chord model selection of a member member selector 37 supplies the selected member code data to inflections 46 Inflections 46 in turn supplies display 44 with the data needed to present the set of inflections specified by the member data Non chord models may require an additional input to trigger the same actions for currently selected members As previously described the different types of models use word sets of different sizes The inflections and endings set sizes correspond to the word set sizes with one exception The stem most frequent inflection sets for the Satellite keys of chord models like the letter sets for Satellite key set selection have only eight members Chord models select members for output with one hand holding the last set select key while the other hand operates a key to select the member The Satellite key inflection set is both enabled and displayed while the member key is held Release of the member key switche
13. start of a new word such as after a word or Space output processors 30 and 32 signals set selector 36 to select a most frequently used word MFW set If the MFW Display is On selector 36 also signals display 44 to present the MFWs usually with the set of attributes used for other set selections The MFW Dis play is primarily for beginners and users who know the sets may turn it off Some MFWs include the attribues associ ated with them for selection and others do not An example of a MFW set for English mapped to a keyboard follows in Table A TABLE A EXAMPLE OF MFW SET FOR ENGLISH one two three four five six seven eight nine ten with was as at to you I in of on a is had for have he the that it and ae she bu by be not his this from or MFW Displays not shown present the words of Table A and may also include the characters of the associated keys to supplement the positional relations for typists Keys in some embodiments may select first key sets with attributes other than those of the key characters The MFW Display may include such first set attributes or they may simply be presented in the User Manual Most embodiments will only use the letters of letter keys as attributes for set selection after the first sets to minimize learning for typists Excep tions to this rule for the first sets has the objective of accessing more very frequent word sets with first inputs Key actuation and release models output selec
14. the second embodiment handles key char acter signals 5 649 223 7 User systems 18 consist of devices programs which request keyboard services and use the key characters and other data derived from key operations by interface 17 or word producing system 15 User systems 18 supplies data for display via line 19 to user display interface 20 which passes it along to display system 21 User display interface 20 and display system 21 also normally part of the host computer present the text and other data from user systems 18 on the computer screen If these units have a multiple window capability system 15 also supplies data for display via line 22a to interface 20 Display system 21 then presents the user systems 18 data in one window and the system 15 data in another Otherwise auxiliary display 23 receives the system 15 data via line 22b Other input systems 25 supplies input signals via line 26 to word producing system 15 Other input systems 25 may include various types of non keyboard apparatus such as a Pen or a Mouse a touch sensative screen a Joystick etc A Pen input system with hand written character recognition or a virtual keyboard can produce outputs to substitute for keyboard signals A new stroke input system for systems 25 produces inputs for word production in response to move ment or force patterns much simpler than those letters Touch responsive screens for displays 21 or 23 would allow fingers or pens to make in
15. to the pattern deter mined to have been executed to the data handling system 9 The method defined in claim 8 wherein the set of single motion patterns include straight lines in each of N directions 10 The method defined in claim 9 wherein the set of single motion patterns include curved clockwise and curved counter clockwise lines in each of N directions and wherein step c displays the data items assigned to the clockwise and counter clockwise lines displaced clockwise and counter clockwise respectively from the positions of the data items assigned to the straight line patterns 11 The method defined in claim 8 wherein the set of single motion patterns consist of a first subset of patterns and a second subset of patterns with a different parameter of length or speed and wherein step c displays the data items assigned to said second subset in positions about the periph ery of the display positions of the data items assigned to the first subset 12 The method defined in claim 8 wherein said single motion patterns consist of staight curved clockwise and curved counter clockwise lines in N directions 13 The method defined in claim 8 wherein said data handling system includes a word based text producing system and said data items provide inputs for said word based text producing system 14 A method for supplying words to a text handling system with fewer inputs than the number of letters of said words performed by computer appar
16. 9 at four directions up down right and left and a display arrangment of half of locations 66a A four stroke model needs only straight up down right and left strokes with four locations 66a or 66b For word writing system applications stroke models can either cover both system and regular keyboard assignments or retain a keyboard for non system keyboard assignments the former involves more than 50 keys more than 32 strokes or Shift means are necessary Such means can render 24 strokes as well as 32 adequate for both system and regular keyboard functions Most of the system inputs for the actuate only model come from 30 keys The 32 strokes of FIG 10 could substitute for the 30 keys and two more such as the key and Space Bar The following Table 32 shows the keys substituted for by the strokes of FIG 10 TABLE 32 FIG 10 Stroke Key Substitutions q w e r t y u i o 2 j k Space Bar 5 1 9 2 5 f g h b n m The keys of Table 32 replaced by strokes covered most of the word writing system functions of the actuate only model The Table 32 substitutions give strokes the same functions and so a word writing capability In addition to the substitutions displays of the actuate only model have to be changed to present the previously described stroke assign ment relations As will later be explained the assignments are such that the display complexity can be reduced to two rows after training is co
17. Change the y to i Exceptions Tf ing is the suffix no change If ous is the suffix change to e If a final consonant preceded by a single vowel preceded by a consonant Double the final consonant Exception Multi syllable member with accent not on last syllable Note As indicated by SIC with Non Doubling bit set An accent indicator would be a possible alternative The arrays and the Spelling Rules of Table E provide for the proper appending of most inflected forms Others with unusual or variant spelling are specified by text codes A text code with a stem can specify any spelling Table F shows some examples of text codes used in one embodiment Leading digits greater than 4 relate to member slots to be occupied by the following text code units Digits equal or less than 4 preceding each text code letter string indicate the number of backspaces into the member end for start of the letter string Text codes are efficient for supplementing standard sets with infrequent inflections and for spelling exceptions TABLE F TEXT CODE EXAMPLES 1891mylme For my and me go952wentOne For go went and gone long73ength For long and length As previously mentioned the stem inflection sets for chord model Satellite keys have eight members Table G shows a default set of eight inflection suffixes which suffice for large numbers of word stems Alternating other inflections for one
18. Code Element does not match the second attribute selector 36 continues the search by using the packet 505 Branch Index to jump to the packet 50b in the next branch Selector 36 continues to jump and compare until it finds a packet 50b with a Code Element that matches the second attribute or until there are no more branches The packet 505 with a matching Code Element holds the selected set Set selector 36 copies the address of the packet 50b to member selector 37 and display 44 and stores it as the new set pointer If set selector 36 instead finds that there are no matches before there are no more branches perhaps as indicated by a Branch Index of 0 processor 30 discontinues further searching Models for alphabetic languages use let ters as set select inputs and set selector 36 store them for output them on word ending inputs or on receipt of the next non letter input Processors 30 and 32 input subsequent attributes to set selector 36 for subsequent set selections The set select actions for the subsequent attributes is much the same as that just described for second attributes Selector 36 returns to the packet 50b through 50d with the last selected set to start the search for the next set assigned to the attribute string with the added attribute Selector 36 again uses the Next Index of the last set packet 505 or 50d to jump to the next packet 50c or 50d respectively and again looks for the Code Element to m
19. United States Patent Freeman US005649223A 5 649 223 Jul 15 1997 Patent Number 45 Date of Patent 54 WORD BASED TEXT PRODUCING SYSTEM 76 Inventor Alfred Freeman 420 Tibbetts Hill Rd Goffstown 03045 21 Appl No 808 843 22 Filed Dec 17 1991 Related U S Application Data 63 Continuation in part of Ser No 440 994 Nov 22 1989 abandoned which is a continuation in part of Ser No 392 727 Aug 11 1989 abandoned and Ser No 288 011 Dec 21 1988 abandoned 15317 Int G06F 3 14 52 U S Cl entre 395 796 341 20 341 22 341 23 400 98 58 Field of Search 364 419 419 1 364 419 14 419 15 419 17 709 01 709 11 709 12 709 16 400 110 421 98 420 341 20 21 22 23 35 345 145 146 168 179 184 56 References Cited U S PATENT DOCUMENTS 3 879 722 4 1975 Knowlton 340 711 4 242 676 12 1980 Piquet et al 341 23 4 333 097 6 1982 Buric et al 340 711 4 365 235 12 1982 Greanias et al 4 374 625 2 1983 Hanft et 400 98 4 383 307 5 1983 Gibson 364 900 List continued on next page FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 0672988 9 1995 European Pat Off GO8F 17 27 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Typewriter Keyboard Addition Based on Word Concept by Chang F Nov 1979 vol 22 No
20. a or line 22b to display systems 21 or auxiliary display 23 The resulting display guides the user to the inputs to obtain the inflections and endings for selected words Member selector 37 receives second inputs for the appli cation of inflections and word endings to the selected 5 649 223 9 members from processors 30 and 32 Selector 37 responds with calls to inflections 46 Inflections 46 uses the inflections and endings member data previously received along with built in data and rules to apply the inflections selected to the word members stored by member selector 37 For English inflections include irregular ones which change the word spelling and others which append suffixes with or without spelling changes Word endings further include punctuation strings and set up of compounding of next words Upon the receipt of word ending inputs member selector 37 copies the selected word with or without inflections applied or endings added to output queue 38 For the alphabetic languages some embodiments have the words of the sets in set vocabulary 42 without the starting letter strings to which the sets are assigned Display 44 and member selector 37 then obtain these letters from set selec tor 36 No Set signals produced by set selector 36 and non letter inputs cause processors 30 and 32 to signal member selector 37 to transfer input strings to queue 38 and to pass subsequent inputs directly to queue 38 With the system ready for the
21. ach word The pens used preferrably abruptly signal break of contact with the tablet Other pens may require auxiliary switches either on the pen or posi tioned for operation by the other hand to signal word endings and repositioning As also previously mentioned the preferred pen apparatus has a built in microprocessor which runs an analyzer 72 program such as the get_stroke module It will be recognized that the various embodiments are by way of example and that the present invention system teaching can be used in various ways to design other models Chord type models for example could use the Space Bar to determine set and member select hands in place of sequen tial order The responses to key combinations would then be without regard to sequential order and keys of combinations or chords could be operated as nearly together as possible Such models could get larger numbers of the more fre quently used words with single chord strokes to enable attainment of maximum typing speed Users would be those dedicated enough to develop the necessary skills for high speeds The actuate only type model for another example could be modified to enable inflection and endings sets with or Enter Such a model would have larger word sets not mixed with inflections and endings The inflections and endings sets could also be larger Inflections and endings would require the extra operation of or Enter but once the in
22. also such elements as the number of strokes radicals and starting strokes of ideo graphic characters Japanese uses inflectional endings for verbs and adjec tives similiar to English inflectional suffixes and short post position words similar to case endings in Latin Selector 37 can handle the member selection of Japanese word stems followed by the selection of inflections or postpositions with 5 649 223 17 Satellite Keys much as for English Chinese has few inflec tions so sets of likely next words might be used instead Pages 2 57 of the first microfiche appendix list the C language source code of a developmental program imple menting present invention features The program modules correspond roughly to blocks of FIG 2 Chord c module pages 2 11 relates to chord processor 30 set c module pages 12 16 to set selector 36 member c pages 17 21 to member selector 37 display c pages 22 29 to display 44 sat set c pages 30 32 to select switcher 40 and inflect c pages 33 46 to inflections 46 Pages 47 57 include the main function and various header files included in the several program modules Fetch character 41 receives inputs from user and fetch display 45 from putc__display and clear display found in various program modules Set vocabulary 40 has some components in set c but is not otherwise included in the appendix On word starts the aforegoing program responds to key actuations with a displa
23. anted words Member selector 37 gets the members of selected sets called for by first inputs and holds them for inflections and endings and or output Put display 45 copies the text and other parts of the set from display 44 to display system 21 or auxiliary display 23 via line 22a or line 22b set selector 36 can find no set assigned to the inputs received it sends a No Set signal to processors 30 and 32 The inputs to member selector 37 for members indicate the member numbers in the sets Member selector 37 counts the members from the set start pointed to by the set pointer to find the number members The words in the sets ends with bytes having their high bit set to facilitate word counting The other bits of the end byte represent an code that specifies a set of inflections and other possible endings for the word Some words further include text codes for inflec tions that require additional information to be properly applied Member selector 37 stores the word text for inflec tion and or output and copies the inflection and endings data to display 44 When set selector 36 selected a set display 44 copied data for the word set display as previously mentioned to guide users to inputs for members When member selector 37 selects a member it supplies member data to display 44 and inflections 46 for the set of inflections and any other inflec tions specified by text codes Put display 45 copies the data from display 44 via line 22
24. arger words sets than those for chord embodiments Following signals on lines 14b and 26 successsively select new members and sets Space bar signals on line 14b and a pen lift signals on line 26 via processor 32 and member selector 37 output selected MFWs and other members In all embodiments successive set selection ends when set selector 36 finds no assigned sets for the inputted string in set vocabulary 42 Set selector 36 then produces a No Set signal to processors 30 and 32 for output of the previously inputted string Processors 30 and 32 output following input characters as long as the No Set condition prevails Key board models reset the No Set condition by operation of the Space Bar which also terminates the string with a Space The Space Bar also outputs selected words in key actuation or key character models Pen models use the same pen lift or auxiliary signal to both output selected words and the reset the No Set condition 5 649 223 All embodiments in the present case use the same type of set selector 36 and set vocabulary 42 differing only the size of the sets Set vocabulary 42 stores sets of word stems much as the vocabularies of parent cases stored single word stems and selector 36 accesses the sets much as the parent case accessed the single word stems The set packets 50 of FIG 4 in the present case differ from the word packets of FIG 4 of the parent case in that they hold text and inflection code data for
25. atch the next letter or other attribute The Next Index is 0 when there are no more next packets 50 for the resulting string The set text data of packets 50a through 50d of system vocabulary 42 includes the member text or the remaining text if as for alphabetic languages the set select inputs are part of the member text In the latter case processors 30 or 32 or set selector 36 supply the starting letters The text data for each member includes one or more bytes which mark the 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 50 55 65 12 member end and serve as a stem inflection code or sic code The member text data may also include one or more text codes for irregular inflections The text data may further include row and set end markers to assist member selector 37 in finding members and display 44 in presenting them in the proper patterns As previously mentioned stem inflection code bytes or codes have high bits set to distinguish themselves and to mark the ends of stems The sic codes designate sets of inflections and optionally sets of related words Members can additionally include text codes to specify irregular or infrequent inflections Inflected forms can be members of word sets but most are produced by selecting member stems and inflections separately The inflection sets specified can be either of two types One includes only those for each stem which forms allowed words The other is for types of stems and the
26. ation of a first key enables same hand satellite keys with likely next letter assignments The satellite keys are those in positions with respect to the reference key for easy operation by other fingers of the same hand For set selection the satellite keys enable one hand to execute chords getting two letter sets For member selection the satellite keys enable one hand chords to both select a member and apply an inflection or ending of a most frequent set to the member Some words have few no inflections so the model substitutes words likely to follow the word for inflection set members The associated keys then get the likely next words to follow the member word and so the output of two words at a time Nouns are most likely to be followed by most frequent verbs verbs by articles or prepositions preposi tions by articles etc In this model the codes of words specify both inflection sets and inflections with next words in sets The inflection and ending sets also include a key assignment for compounding following words to the present member The control does so by inhibiting the output of the space which normally precedes words The satellite and next word features have potential for those dedicated to achieving maximum speed and willing to develop new skills Many typists however may prefer not 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 65 18 to use the satellite features While the just described mod
27. attributes inputted Embodiments herein referred to as chord models have keyboards which signal key actuations and releases use first key actuations to select words and sets Release of first keys before actuation of other keys outputs the selected words Actuation and release of other hand keys before first key release selects members of selected sets The selection of a member enables other hand keys for stem inflections Actua 5 649 223 5 tion and release of keys in order with typing overlaps select successive words and attributes to select successive sets Satellite key features use two keys operated at the same time by either hand to select more sets or inflections Bach hand can operate two keys to single chord type many words Embodiments herein referred to as actuate only models use either key actuation or character signals as inputs The inputs select pairs of items as do the first keys on chord models The pair on word starts are MFWs and first key sets as on chord models Next letter key actuations get a letter and either a word or an inflection to apply to the previously selected word Space Bar operation outputs the selected word MFWs or other with any inflections applied and adds a Space Punctuation key operations also output the selected word and append a Punctuation String The Tab key enables the selected word to be compounded with the next word or a regularly typed suffix The Enter key enables the
28. atus including a text handling system a memory a display and a set of input means assigned to letters of the alphabet said method comprising the steps of a arranging a vocabulary of words in first through Nth pluralities of word sets wherein each of the word sets of said first plurality consist of words sharing a single starting letter wherein each of the word sets of the Nth plurality consist of words sharing N starting letters b storing each of said word sets in said memory for access by input of the letter string shared by the word set 10 15 20 25 30 35 50 55 28 inputting one or more starting letters of a wanted word one at a time in turn by operation of the assigned input means d accessing the word set for each starting letter string inputted whereby successive letter inputs access suc essively higher order word sets temporarily assigning each of the words of the cur rently accessed word set to an input means f displaying the words of the currently accessed word set with each of the words shown associated with its assigned input means g selecting a wanted word from the currently displayed word set responsive to operation of its assigned input means and h outputting the selected word responsive to operation of an input means 15 The method defined in claim 14 including step i second temporarily assigning each of a set of inflections for the currently selected word to a
29. continue its guidance Users should quickly learn the inputs for the most fre quent words and first set attributes to save time in looking at the display They can then dispense with the display for word starts Few users will learn the inputs for all of the words of a language however and the display will continue to be necessary for sets of less frequent words Users will also learn the set of inflections and endings and so might also dispense with their display The reduction of word writing system display requirements after learning may be important for some applications The display makes the present inven tion system practical for learning and for large numbers of words The general logic of the present invention systems has the first input selecting a word and an attribute which in turn selects a first set of words The second input may output the selected word may apply an inflection or ending to the selected word or may select both a word from the first set and a second attribute The combination of the second attribute and the first attribute inputted selects a next set of words Output of selected words with or without inflections and or endings added sets up new word starts Successive inputs for wanted words continue to select new words and sets as long as the vocabulary has sets assigned to the string of attributes inputted In the case of alphabetic languages when there are no sets the system outputs the string of letter
30. d inputs and which enable very high typing speeds A further objective of the present invention are systems of the aforementioned type which use non keyboard inputs and which enable rapid and easy input of text by persons without keyboard skills A further objective still of the present invention is a pen system for rapid and easy input of text and or other data for any application Still further objectives of the instant invention will become apparent from the following description and claims Present invention system user inputs guided by displays select sets of word stems select word stems from selected sets apply inflections to selected word stems and append endings to selected word stems to produce word text The word stems come from a system vocabulary responsive either to inputs from keyboards or non keyboard apparatus System vocabularies can cover a language for text docu ments or cover only a small set of words for particular applications Language vocabularies hold sets of word 10 15 20 30 35 45 50 55 65 4 stems each with text data and in the case of inflected languages also with data for inflected forms The word stems of each set share one or more attributes whose inputs select the set Single attributes get the most frequently used word sets more attributes get successively less frequent sets Possible attributes include elements or characters that apply or are part of all set members The
31. del could use key character inputs as well as key actuation inputs To simplify the disclosure the act only module uses the same key actuation inputs as just described for processor 30 The modified source code of the act only c module is on pages 58 65 display c on pages 66 69 inflect c on pages 69 80 member c on pages 80 84 and set c on pages 84 88 of the microfiche appendix The act only c module has most to do with implementing the new logic The other modules have various modifications to adapt to the new logic and the associated changes The model responds to key actuations on word starts with selection of both an MFW and a first key set Unlike the first key sets of the chord model these first key sets and the remaining more than one letter sets of this model have both inflections and word stems as members assigned to letter keys The inflections like those of the chord model com prise the most frequent inflection set for the just selected stem Actuation of an inflection key applies the inflection to the selected MFW or stem and inputs the letter as an attribute for the next set selection A word stem key selects the word stem and also inputs its letter for set selection The Space Bar and the punctuation key with Punctuations Strings assigned complete the sets Successive letter key actuations select word stems apply inflections to previously selected stems and input letters to select successive sets Space Bar actuations outp
32. e key or have the string outputted by the Enter key as a prefix If a word is not produced the following inputted string outputs automati cally joined the the outputted word as a suffix when the No Set condition obtains The suffix can be terminated by the Space Bar The Enter key can be used to output strings still finding sets so any suffix can be added by regular typing The Backspace key clears the current word and all inputs between word starts and the regular typing mode In the word writing mode the or appostrophe key adds its character and unless the last letter is an s also adds an s to complete the possessive case In either case the key sets up a word start The or dash key adds its character and also sets up a word start for system typing of hypenated words The Shift keys as normally get upper case charac ters When operated and released they set a flag for one shot capitalization of the next letter This is rarely necessary as the sentence ending Punctuation Strings set up automatic capitalization of sentence starts The vocabulary sets are slight different for this model having a maximum of 18 word stems rather than a maximum of 15 The display c module is modified to present the word stem along with inflection sets on the keys for both hands as required for this model The inflect c module handles stem sic_codes and text codes for selected stem
33. e Others respond to any sequence Sequential operation is necessary for display guidance while learning and for stems with unknown inflec tion sets FIG 6 shows the patterns of Satellite and Reference keys of either hand in each row position The row position column designations are the fingers which normally cover the posi tions in touch typing S1 through S8 indicate the respective Satellite keys which get the same assignments from all rows The assignments are either attributes from Table H or inflections from Table G Except for Reference keys in the index finger positions the fingers can cover the same keys as in regular touch typing The middle finger takes the Reference key in the index finger position and covers the index finger position when the Reference key is in the index each position FIG 7 like FIG 6 shows patterns of Satellite and Reference Keys The C1 through C8 designations of FIG 7 indicate combination independent of the order of opera tion The key combinations have to be unique and have the same assignments as the S1 through S8 sequential pairs of FIG 6 The 5 through C8 labels apply to combinations of more than two keys consisting of two or more of the Cl through C4 keys with a Reference key When operated in sequential order Reference key first the C1 through C4 keys get a display of the combination assignments to assist in learning Higher speeds are presumeably possible f
34. e same time type member and inflection rapdily Having to maintain Reference and Satel lite Key order imposes no penalty where the user requires display guidance Users can soon learn the sets of Satellite Key letters and the sets of frequently used inflections If the Reference and Satellite Key operations could be independent of order many could further speed up typing Users are free to use any or none of the Satellite Key features Any or all of the Satellite Key letters can always be typed in the usual manner with an extra stroke Similarly the inflections available from the Satellite Keys can be obtained with an extra stroke from the End Set The users who are dedicated to higher speed can learn to type a large number of words with substantially stroke by having one or both hand operate Reference and Satellite Key in sequences or combinations Fast execution of several hundred of the most frequent words could bring stenographic rates within reach Just as English users consider inputs for set selection to represent letters users of Chinese Japanese and other non alphabetic languages can consider inputs to represent phonetic sounds Operation with phonetic sound inputs would be similar with operations with letter inputs Writers of non alphabetic languages may however prefer to con sider inputs as relating to text elements or parameters One hand with Satellite Keys can not only input consonant vowel letter or sound combinations but
35. ed as indicated by FIG 9 If individual samples are accurate analyzer 72 can determine the starting and ending angles from single 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 50 55 65 24 samples of movement coordinates or from pairs of succes sive position samples With somewhat erratic sample data analyzer 72 will average several starting samples for the starting angle and several ending samples for the ending angle FIG 11 strokes are different in that they proceed from a start position to an end target either in straight or in CW or CCW curved lines Targets can be distanced for short or long strokes Rectangular grids assist users in learning to visual ize target locations and execute strokes With element 70 stopped for stroke starts and ends devices that supply accurate position data when stationary enable analyzer 72 to accurately determine stroke angles Analyzer 72 compares the starting angle as determined by one or more starting samples with the stroke angle to determine curvature Alternatively the deviations from the stroke angle could be averaged over the stroke The get strk c program module listed on pages 95 101 of the microfiche appendix is an embodiment of analyzer 72 for stroke determinations The module has alternative func tions for FIG 8 and FIG 11 type strokes An input control program such as that of the kb st c and mouse c modules calls the get input function with sample movement coordinates
36. ein step a puts the more frequently used words in the lower order word sets 20 The method defined in claim 15 including the step of storing spelling modifications of word ends and inflection starts and wherein step includes the step of modifying the spelling of the end of the selected word and the start of the applied inflection according to said modifications
37. el does not require use of the satellite features a model without them is less confusing Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is relatively easy to delete parts of the program to produce such a model The deletion of the sat__set c module pages 30 32 and deletion of satellite end of the chord c module pages 5 6 are the major changes Minor changes include deletions of sections of functions calling the deleted functions and change of MF INFL TYPE to END SET TYPE in member select on page 18 As previoulsy mentioned other input systems 25 may include a keyboard that unlike keyboard 11 does not produce key release codes Input systems 25 with such a keyboard might include the BIOS or other host scan code decoding apparatus to input key character A Pen or other non keyboard device with handwriting or stroke recognition can also input characters or other representa tions Such inputs connect to input processor 32 rather than to chord processor 30 Processor 32 connects to the host decoding apparatus for scan code producing keyboards and directly to other input systems 25 for character type inputs Models using processor 32 are herein referred to as actuate only models An actuate only model employs a different logic than chord models This model deletes the satellite key and next word functions replaces the chord c module of the just described program with an act only c module and modifies other modules This mo
38. enat red derat ret trat te etat tib bit tim miss fio oitat tnev vent In ntat tr rtat tsef festat xa axat yf ficat vIp plicat static char se 1 reb br reg gr yIp plic 1 static char se_ce_cy et 1 7 static char Xse ly y i eu u ei 115 static char se ousL1 dn nti ega age el ul lev vel th hte ynni yr ri yt te u y static char se_al J el ular esn nsu hc chi ne in reg geri ret tr rot tori tc ctu tiZitu tnedis sidenti tp ptu static char se ic a at ei olic esp pt eta act me emat sis t xa act yhe ch yhZhet yx ct 3 static char se_ment egd dg eu u mr rma nru urna rep pera tse esta static char se ent 1 di ida dr rda ecs sce ediu uida edi ide el la eru ura eu ua fe efia f va mr rmq nia enfa rae eara reb bra red dra ref fere reh hera rett ttera ret tra revi ivera rev vere ru urre ti ita tp pta tr
39. flections and endings sets were learned the operations could be almost as part of chords with the inflections and endings keys and Enter will also be used in combinations to end inputs strings and set up compounding of next words in place of the old Tab and Enter functions Pen or Touch and other hand keyboard models with hybrd chords are still another example The Pen or Touch part of the system selects sets and members as previously described The other hand keyboard section selects inflec tions and endings for the selected members While one hand executes strokes or touches the other hand simultaneously applies inflections or punctuation strings to the word stem being selected Or the other hand keys may simply add a space and output the selected word without a pen lift or special stroke ending As the other hand functions are limited the key operations can soon become semi automatic to detract little from attention to stroke or touch execution Further examples include stroke models with alphabetic or other arrangements of letter assignments unrestricted by keyboard considerations and easy for beginners to learn stroke models with two sets of MFWs and first sets along with smaller sets limited to vowel or consonant next letters low frequency sets with no two words having the same next letter stroke input systems keyed to letters or other symbols rather than to spacial patterns The microfiche append
40. id and eight more targets for a set of 24 short strokes FIG 12 shows an arrangement of locations for display of items assigned to the 48 possible strokes of FIG 12 FIG 13 is a functional block diagram of a stroke input system DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG 1 is a general block diagram of modules for instant invention system embodiments Keyboard 11 which may include a built in microprocessor produces key actuate and key release code signal outputs The key signals go to hardware specific interface 12 Keyboard 11 interface 12 and user keyboard interface 17 may be part of a host computer Interface 12 normally passes the key signals along on line 13 to interface 17 which translates them to character signals Interface 17 then supplies the character signals to host computer user systems 18 in response to requests for keyboard services As modified for some embodiments of the present inven tion systems interface 12 supplies the key signals on line 14a to word producing system 15 Interface 17 receives key or character signals on line 16a from system 15 In other embodiments interface 17 outputs translated character sig nals on line 14b to word producing system 15 which then outputs character signals on line 16b to user systems 18 in answer requests for keyboard services Word producing system 15 the main program module for the present inven tion system in one embodiment handles key signals from keyboard 11 and
41. included as background although much is not pertinent to the present case CHORD TYPING SYSTEMS Stenograph systems registered combinations of key actua tions on a paper tape and advanced the tape when all keys had been released Typewriter systems used shift keys to change the characters outputted by other keys operated at the same time The subsequent art is replete with systems using chords or key combinations of various types to improve the typing of text in one way or another Some examples of different types of chording systems for text typing follow MECHANICAL TYPEWRITER WORD TYPING Bullock U S Pat No 1 275 657 added keys to a type writer to type words Seiber U S Pat No 2 717 686 added a special shift key so other keys typed words when operated with it Schaefer U S Pat No 3 289 804 typed words with keys depressed beyond their normal range STENOGRAPHIC KEYBOARD WORD TEXT TYPING Balston U S Pat No 1 590 998 suggests but does not implement the selection of a set of words with one key followed by the selection of a word from the set with another key The word sets include sets of words with a particular suffix or inflected form Baisch U S Pat No 3 558 820 attempts a system for producing text from stenographic type inputs with an enlarged keyboard that includes keys added for words prefixes and suffixes Ayres U S Pat No 3 225 883 Wright U S Pat No 3 557 927 Binenbaum U S Pat No 3 597
42. inflection sets as the chord model does for its most frequent inflection sets The modified inflect c module deletes the frequent following words which were included in the chord model The mem ber c and set c modules require minor changes to work with the act_only c module The actuate only model as described attempts to remain as compatible as possible with regular typing The model could work with inputs supplied by a pen input system which recognizes handwritten characters or produces key signals from a virtual keyboard The handwritten or virtual keyboard inputs would directly substitute for serial inputs of characters or scan codes Characters might have to be added to the handwritten set for the inputs provided by the Space Bar and the Enter and Backspace keys The present invention new stroke input system which provides an improvement over handwriting and other non keyboard inputs for word writing and for other applications could also supply the necessary inputs FIG 8 shows a possible set of twenty four strokes from the center of a reference circle 60 These stroke patterns are in one of eight directions and are either straight or curve clockwise or counterclockwise The straight strokes are labeled 1ST through 8ST the clockwise curved strokes 1CW through 8CW and the counter clockwise curved strokes 1CCW through 8CCW Applications with small sets of inputs or items for selection can use strokes at fewer angles
43. ix provides many more details of model features and of ways to implement them I claim 1 Amethod for supplying words to a text handling system responsive to inputs fewer in number than the number of attributes of said words performed by computer apparatus CA 20 25 35 45 50 60 65 26 including a data processing unit a memory a display a set of input means and a set of word attributes each assigned to an input means said method comprising the steps of a arranging a vocabulary of words in first through Nth pluralities of word sets wherein each of the word sets of said first plurality consist of words sharing at least one attribute wherein each of the word sets of the Nth plurality consist of words sharing at least N attributes b storing said word sets in said memory for access responsive to input of the attributes shared by all of the words of the respective sets c inputting the attributes of a wanted word one at a time in turn by operation of an input means to access word sets with words sharing the attributes inputted d accessing a vocabulary word set responsive to input of each attribute and previously inputted attributes wherein input of successive attributes for a wanted word accesses word sets of succcessively higher order pluralities e temporarily assigning each of the words of the cur rently accessed word set to an input means f displaying the currently accessed word set with each of
44. letter string to be a prefix or a word Pen input systems with recognition of handwritten char acters could replace key actuate or character inputs to actuate only models The present invention systems include as an alternative a stroke input system for word writing and other applications The strokes of this system consist of motion or force patterns that are much easier for users to execute and programs to recognize than handwriting Dis play of stroke assignments about a reference associate them with stroke directions Stroke inputs can more or less directly replace key inputs and pen lifts the Space Bar in actuate only models Pen lifts allow relocation after mean dering movements for successive strokes and further allows the use of starting positions as inputs to an executive set The present invention stroke input system not only replaces the keyboard in actuate only models but also enables word writing models not limited by keyboard and typing compatibility considerations The starting position executive set provides quick access to more than one word Start set and or to special vocabularies Other hand key operations can combine with strokes in hybrd chords or select alternate assignment sets Keys could select endings for stroke or touch selected words Joysticks and any other means to sense motion or force of fingers or thumb can provide stroke inputs instead of pens The present word writing system is perhaps the most demanding app
45. lication for stroke input systems Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present stroke input system has other applications in which it is an improvement over prior means for making inputs related to displayed items In many prior applications users select displayed items by moving a mouse until the mouse pointer reaches the item and then clicking a mouse button The present stroke input system allow the user to get the same item with a small motion Pens can combine with auxiliary switches and even keyboards Pens can include functions like those of a mouse relocating displayed items etc The present invention word writing system minimizes the inputs required for text production and guides beginners and other users to inputs for any wanted word in a language The system can include and similarly get words from smaller vocabularies of technical or custom terms for particular users The system can also access words for other uses such dictionary look up and other data bases Touch input models are easiest where speed is not important Chord models with the Satellite Key features offer maximum speed for those who develop new skills Actuate only models mostly use existing typing skills and so are easier for typists to learn Stroke models provide word writing functions for non 10 15 20 30 45 50 55 65 6 keyboard users and offer a common interface to word writing word processors operating systems and other p
46. me designations as the corresponding strokes in FIG 8 Target 1TO for example serves as the common end point for the 1ST 1CW and 1CCW strokes Stroke 1ST follows a straight line from center to target 1TO Strokes 1CW and 1CCW curve away from the stroke 1ST line and then back to the same target 1TO Targets 1 8TI serve as similar targets for a like set of short strokes 1 8SH Tablets or pads can be overlaid with grid paper or grid paper used with a pencil or ink pen to assist users in learning targets and stroke patterns Visualization of targets and patterns makes proper execution of strokes easy Strokes 1 8CW and 1 8CCW associate with assignments either as in FIG 10 or with CW and CCW locations swapped The former association correlates ending directions and the latter starting directions with assignment directions The 1 8SH strokes to targets 1 8TI have not been illustrated It is obvious that part or all of the set of targets 1 TI might be used with any or all of the type of strokes shown with targets 1 8TO The previously described FIG 10 shows an arrangment of display locations 66a and 66b for item assignments for 32 strokes It will be recognized that models for 24 strokes 5 649 223 21 might use the 24 outer rectangle locations 66a only A model for eight straight strokes could use the inner locations 66b or the corresponding eight of locations 66a Further a 11 stroke model might use the straight and curved strokes of FIG
47. more optimum com binations at the cose of more learning TABLE H SECOND KEY LETTER ASSIGNMENTS 81 52 53 84 85 56 57 58 i u 1 1 m n t 5 v The set select side of the screen of Table B shows w representing a Reference Key along with the Satellite Key letters in the relative key positions for the S1 through S8 lables Processor 30 supplies the letters and other data necessary to display the letters in the proper positions to selector 36 Selector 36 in turn copies the data to display 44 for relay via fetch display 45 As previously mentioned when if a Satellite Key is actuated with a First Key switcher 40 supplies selector 36 with the assigned letter as a new set select input Users guided by the display can thus operate Satellite Keys to obtain two letter sets with one hand opera tions When the Table H assignments are known the user can operate first keys and Satellite Keys together rapidly For inflection selection the 551 through S8 assignments are simply the eight slots of Table C with the most frequent inflections and the various substitutions The member select ing key becomes the Reference Key and the Satellite Keys have the inflections for the eight slots of Table C assigned Display 44 presents the inflection text with respect to the member select key in the patterns of FIG 6 As for set selection operation of member and Satellite Key by the same hand at substantially th
48. mpleted The ten MFWs of the digit keys and the regular keyboard functioning of other keys can be covered by a shift set of strokes The keys remain as a possible alternative to a shift set with some performing their usual functions Others such as the Space Bar could com bine with strokes for a special type of chord to speed operations Stroke start locations are an alternative to auxiliary keys for access of different stroke assignments as well as to a wide range of different functions As word writing applica tions usually involve a word processor an important other use of start locations is to conveniently switch strokes from text inputs to word processor control inputs Other uses include rapid access to other programs such as operating systems data bases etc Again for word writing start locations can switch access to auxiliary vocabularies for custom or technical words as well as select different sets of MFWSs and accompanying first sets Even 32 stroke systems require means such as auxiliary keys or strokes for different sets of assignments upper case characters etc Such means also make 24 stroke word writing models possible A 24 stroke system with single dimension strokes and a simpler display has advantaages Key to stroke substitutions of the following Table 24 are the same as those of the outer boundaries of Table 32 except that and K replace z and x The j and key stroke slots get the
49. n input means step j displaying inflections for the currently selected word with each inflection shown associated with its respective input means and step k applying an inflection to the currently selected word responsive to operation of its assigned input means 16 The method defined in claim 14 wherein step b stores the portion of each word following the shared starting letter string wherein step f combines the inputted letter string with the stored word portions and wherein step h outputs the inputted letter string followed by the selected word portion 17 The method defined in claim 14 wherein said input means includes a moveable element a set of single motion patterns including N straight lines N curved clockwise lines and N curved counterclockwise lines in N directions and means for producing input actions responsive to movement of the element in any one of the set of prescribed patterns and wherein step f presents the words of the currently selected set in positions about a reference location that associate each word with its assigned pattern 18 The method defined in claim 14 wherein step b also stores a single zeroth order word set of the most frequently used words of the language wherein is included the step of temporarily enabling an input means to output a word of said zeroth order set and wherein step h outputs said word responsive to operation of the enabled input means 19 The method defined in claim 14 wher
50. navision formerly Dynabook provide very easy to learn inputs for word writing Actuate only models for example display key assignments on a keyboard map With a touch sensative screen users touch the display areas instead of operating the keys to get the assignments The get touch C function shown on page 95 of the microfiche appendix converts position coordinates such as from touch screens to the display areas associated with keys and then uses the areas to access the corresponding key scancodes for input to such as the actuate only model Position data is necessary for touch area inputs and for statt position inputs An analyzer 72 function such as get touch with a touch down signal detector would produce inputs for the positions at which pens are first touch down much as for touch screen inputs Analyzer 72 pro grams to determine stroke patterns can use movement or position inputs Different elements 70 and sensors 71 may be more accurate in one than the other and so dictate the choice Some devices produce accurate position outputs when sta tionary and erratic outputs during rapid movements Stroke input systems can use various types of patterns for strokes FIG 8 shows sets of straight and curved strokes with the same starting angles The starting angle indicates one of the eight sets and the starting ending angle difference one of the three members straight curved CW or curved CCW The patterns can vary in length or spe
51. ng of abbre viations of the words Venema U S Pat No 4 893 238 Levin U S Pat No 4 760 528 Howell et al U S Pat No 4 459 049 and Goldwasser U S Pat No 4 891 786 also use abbreviations to type words DISPLAYS OF KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS Knowlton U S Pat No 3 879 722 provides an optical means to impose images from a CRT screen to a keyboard Buric et al U S Pat No 4 333 097 in a system using multiple sets of functions for keys responds to key opera tions with a display of the resulting new set of key functions on a keyboard map U S Pat No 4 425 627 displays functions responsive to function key operations Pick U S Pat No 4 185 282 displays a keyboard map of key assignments for different languages Goldwasser U S Pat No 4 891 786 displays words associated with keys on a keyboard map The set of words displayed changes in response to key operations to show the words available from the next stroke WORD amp SUFFIX TYPING Chang IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin Vol 22 No 6 Nov 1979 teaches the typing of words from standard keys and the space bar Hayashi et al U S Pat No 4 396 992 type words from keys preceded by the space bar and suffixes from keys preceded by letters all if followed by a special key et al U S Pat Nos 4 374 625 amp 4 464 070 type suffixes from keys with the suffixes depending upon the preceding string of characters typed Goldwa
52. ombinations FIGS 3A and 3B show a set of arrays of modifications to stem ends and inflection suffixes The microfiche appendix 5 649 223 13 includes an updated set of arrays stored by infiections 46 As in the parent case inflections 46 checks for an array for the selected inflection suffix If there is one inflections 46 scans the stem ends in the array for a match with the end of selected member held by member selector 37 If a match is found inflections 46 joins the inflection suffix to the end of the member with the spelling as indicated by the modifica tion The se ion ive array has a large number of bridges for the ion and ive suffixes The 5 _ ant ent array supplies a and other bridges for the nt nce and suffixes The se ble array has the i bridge for ble and bly A default rule applies a before ble or bly for stem ends not in the array If the selected inflection suffix does not have an array or if or the stem end is not in the suffix array inflections 46 uses spelling rules of Table E to join selected members and inflection suffixes TABLE E SPELLING RULES FOR APPENDING SUFFIXES the selected suffix starts with a consonant append it to the member text Else if the selected suffix starts with a vowel the member ends as follows If a Final e Drop the e If a Final y preceded by a consonant
53. or more members of the default set gets sets for most of the other stems The sic codes include the necessary data to specify the alternate members for types of stems and text 10 20 25 30 35 45 50 55 65 14 codes spell out alternate members for some stems The alternate inflections are placed in the upper row slots unless they relate to other slots Irregular plural and past tense inflections for example better relate to the 5 and ed suffixes and so replace them TABLE G DEFAULT SET OF FREQUENTLY USED INFLECTIONS ble ly ness est 5 ed er ing Table H shows most of the alternate inflections in groups according to the type of stem Some adjectives replace ness with ce cy or ity Many nouns have a To Adjective inflection and its cascade with ly a have two and some have other single inflections Many verbs have To Noun and or To Adjective inflections Irregular verbs replace ed with irregular past tenses and some have irregular past participles for an upper row slot TABLE H DEFAULT REPLACEMENT INFLECTION SET MEMBERS Adjective To Noun ce cy ity ness Adjective to Verb ate ize Noun To Adjective al ical ful less ous Noun To Adverb ally ically fully lessly ously Noun To Noun age dom ess hood ic ism ist ship Verb To Noun ion merit nice ncy er or Verb To Adjective ive nt ble Few English s
54. or opera tions without regard to order Processor 30 and or set selector 36 responds to actuation of first or Satellite Reference keys for set selection with inputs to display 44 for the Satellite key attribute assign ments The attributes are those which in combination with the Reference key attribute are most likely to select frequent sets In the case of English the attributes are letters and the most likely are consonant vowel or vowel consonant com binations Upon operation of a Satellite Key processor 30 signals set selector 36 to get another set from set vocabulary 42 If the Reference key is released first select switcher 40 cancels the Satellite key attribue and its set selection Set selector 36 then uses the regularly assigned attribute of the former Satellite key to select another set The following Tabie H shows a set of letter assignments for S1 through S8 or Ci through C8 The first row has the vowel letters aeiou and the semi vowel letters rly These ali frequently follow consonant letters Consonant keys as Reference keys can thus get most of the frequently used consonant vowel and consonant semi vowel combinations with Satellite keys The second row of Imntprsv consonant 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 50 55 65 16 letters similarly frequently follow vowel letters in vowel consonant combinations Different vowel keys might have different sets of consonant letters for
55. ord to set up compounding whatever follows with the word The Cpd function may also enable a set of words that frequently compouned to others such as man time thing etc When mistakes are made the key can cancel the last member selected and any inflections added 5 649 223 15 As the End Set does not include all of the punctuation models have to include other means for other punctuation and non text characters Chord models have the Space Bar held to enable input of these other characters Other special inputs set up the same sets for other models As users have to shift concentration from word text to punctuation to select strings from the End Set some may prefer to use the alternate means for all punctuation End Set punctuation strings might be handled exculsively by the alternate means and the slots used for additional inflections Chord models include Satellite key shortcuts to extend and speed up both set and inflection selection Actuation of first keys by either or both hand enables adjacent keys as Satellite keys With first keys selecting sets the Satellite keys input additional attributes to get more sets With first keys selecting members the Satellite keys input inflections for the selected member The Satellite keys enable skilled users to input as much with single chords as with two or even four individual strokes Some models require first and Satellite keys oprations in sequenc
56. puts to emulate different systems Host computers have serial ports to receive sample data and drivers to handle inputs from one or more systems Pen systems with built in micro processors could be modified to have the microprocessor also run a program which implements analyzer 72 functions The sample data could then go directly to the program with elimination of timing and other complexities of interfacing The serial link would only have to handle analyzer 72 outputs Interrupts to signal the arrival of stroke inputs at the serial port would be much like the keyboard interrupts which signal key events A stroke interrupt routine could supply stroke inputs to applications in place of or in addition to key inputs Lacking a built in microprocessor to handle an analyzer 72 program interrupts could still signal the arrival of sample frames at the serial port The analyzer 72 program would be run by the host computer and could include an interrrupt routine for sample data frames Without serial port interrupts the analyzer 72 program would have to repeti tively check serial port inputs to avoid missing data as does the kb st c module the driver of the mouse c module pages 101 105 of the microfiche appendix The st c module calls the analyzer 72 program for non zero samples and looks at keyboard outputs input both key events and strokes to such as the actuate only model Touch sensative display screen apparatus such as the Scenario Dy
57. puts by touching displayed words and other items Systems 25 encompasses a range of alter natives to keyboard 11 and interfaces 12 and 17 for inputting to word producing system 15 Keyboard 11 signals both key actuations and releases to hardware specific interface 12 in some embodiments and only key actuations in others Interface 12 includes the apparatus and or software necessary to supply the key signals via line 13 to user keyboard interface 17 and or via line 14a to word producing system 15 As previously mentioned interface 12 will generally be a modified version of the host computer hardware and software which normally handles key signals from keyboard 11 Word producing system 15 responds to inputs on line 14 with outputs on line 16a to user keyboard interface 17 User keyboard interface 17 consists of the software routines such as those of host computer operating systems that handle keyboard services In the case of the IBM Personal Computer such routines are in the system BIOS These routines translate key scan codes store shift status produce character code outputs answer requests for services etc Interface 17 translates key signals received on line 16a as it does those direct from keyboard 11 on line 13 If word producing system 15 outputs on line 16a are character signals interface 17 passes them along to user systems 18 as part of its keyboard services In other embodiments interface 17 instead outputs character signal
58. r in combination with angle changes abrupt or gradual to locate boundary points and determine whether single or multiple strokes were to be identified Length however is a valuable dimension for doubling the number of strokes available Where pen lifts do not satis factorily signal word endings longer lengths can signal last strokes to save another stroke or auxiliary key Longer strokes require little more time than short strokes as accel leration and decelleration take most of the stroke interval Pen lifts are superior if cleanly signalled by the pen and tablet used Users execute strokes with pen devices for element 70 much as they would with a regular pen or pencil The tablet can include a grid pattern to guide users while learning stroke patterns Or beginners can use ink pens and grid paper for practice in executing strokes Experienced users should be able to execute successive strokes for words while looking at the display Each stroke starts from the end of the 5 649 223 25 last but with the assumption that the starts remain in the same location and so relate to the display in the same way As the pen meanders over the tablet with successive strokes occassional repositioning becomes necessary to keep the pen in a convenient area Lift of a pen as previously mentioned is a good way to signal word endings It also allows repositioning and affords the opportunity to make stroke start location inputs or selections after e
59. rds from set vocabulary 42 Member selector 37 uses first input signals to select words from the selected sets and successive inputs to apply inflections and other endings to the selected words Member selector 37 outputs the resulting text to output queue 38 Put user 41 outputs the contents of output queue 38 via line 16a to user keyboard interface 17 or via line 165 to user systems 18 Chord processor 30 signals select switcher 40 when succeeding inputs require changes in previous actions Switcher 40 in turn signals set and member selectors 36 and 37 to make the changes Set selector 36 responds to inputs from chord processor 30 and select switcher 40 and from other input processor 32 for set selection Selector 36 searches set vocabulary 42 to find the word sets assigned to the inputs The most frequent sets are assigned single inputs and others to strings of two or more inputs The searches are similar to those of parent applications except that the target items are sets of words rather than individual words Vocabulary 42 holds sets of words assigned to inputs and input strings much like parent application vocabularies held words The searches will be described in more detail later When set selector 36 finds a set it supplies a pointer to the set to member selector 37 and display 44 Member selector 37 and display 44 use the set pointer to work with the selected set Display 44 gets the set data for display to assist users in finding w
60. resents the common stroke execution area and dotted lines 67a and 67b the projections of the strokes to the respecive assignment locations 66a and 66b The outer rectangle of locations 66a differs from a square only in that the locations 66a for the 2CW 4CCW 6CW and 8CCW stroke assignments are in the upper and lower rows rather than in the columns and the columns have been moved out allign with the new row members The locations 66b are in a square streched to better correlate with the outer rectangle of locations 66a The dotted lines 67a project the FIG 8 strokes from the inner circle 60ab to the locations 66a sometimes passing through or behind locations 66b The heavy dotted lines 67b project the short strokes 15 85 of FIG 9 from circle 60ab to locations 66b FIGS 8 and 9 strokes originate at the center of circle 60ab and associate in direction with assignment items displayed as in FIG 10 Symbols for the type of stroke straight CW and CCW could be added next to the respective locations 66a in the display to supplement the directional associations Display emphasis for locations 66a for straight strokes 1 8ST also assists associations FIG 11 shows a set of different stroke patterns FIG 11 sets up eight outer targets 1 8TO and eight inner targets 1 8TI at the nodes of a rectangluar grid all with respect to a common center The targets 1 8TO indicate end points for the respective 1 8ST 1 8CW and 1 8CCW strokes using the sa
61. ro grams Stroke input systems offer advantages for applica tions other than word writing DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The aforegoing and other objects features and advan tages of the invention will be apparent from the following descriptions of preferred embodiments of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings FIG 1 is a functional block diagram of embodiments of the present invention system FIG 2 is a more detailed functional block diagram of the word producing system block of FIG 1 FIGS 3A and 3B show arrays for English language modifications to word stem endings and inflections FIG 4 is a diagram of a word set packet for a set vocabulary FIG 5 is a partial block diagram of an arrangement of word set packets in a set vocabulary FIG 6 shows the patterns of Satellite Keys for sequential operations that relate to Reference Keys in the different row positions FIG 7 shows the patterns of Satellite Keys for operations in combination that relate to Reference Keys in the different row positions FIG 8 shows a set of 24 strokes from a common center for a pen or other motion r force device FIG 9 shows the eight straight strokes of FIG 9 along with eight fast strokes and eigtht short strokes all from a common center FIG 10 shows an arrangement of locations for display of items assigned to 32 strokes of FIG 9 and FIG 10 FIG 11 shows a set of 24 long strokes with eight targets on a rectangular gr
62. rt of now aban doned U S patent application Ser No 07 440 994 filed Nov 22 1989 which is a continuation in part of now abandoned US patent applications Ser 07 392 727 filed Aug 11 1989 and Ser No 07 288 011 filed Dec 21 1988 now abandoned the parents being included herein by reference MICROFICHE APPENDIX The Microfiche Appendix comprising 2 microfiche with a total of 107 frames lists C source code and assembly language sections for programs to implement embodiments of the invention discribed herein BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1 Field of the Invention The present invention is directed generally to improve ments in systems to input text to applications with comput ers and the like and particularly to systems which require less input data than that contained in the words themselves The invention systems include embodiments responsive to inputs from keyboards and others to inputs from non keyboard apparatus such as pens touch sensative screens mice etc Some keyboard embodiments use both key actua tion and key release inputs and others only inputs from key actuations as represented either by scan codes or character codes Non keyboard inputs can be handwritten characters positions touched and strokes of force motion or position 2 Discussion of the Prior Art The following includes art cited by the Patent Office in actions on the parent applications and art previously dis cussed in the parents It is
63. s derived from line 13 key signals on line 14b to system 15 Word producing system 15 responds to the inputs on lines 14a and 26 with character signal outputs on line 169 to user systems 18 to directly answer requests for input characters The several embodiments of word producing system 15 consist of program modules which could run on a micro processor but generally run on the host computer In the case of an IBM Personal Computer running MS DOS word producing system 15 would be installed with the MS DOS Terminate but Stay Resident Service to be available to the other programs Those skilled in the art will be able to similarly install word producing system 15 on computer systems other than IBM Personal Computers FIG 2 is a more detailed functional block diagram of embodiments of the word producing system 15 of FIG 1 10 20 25 45 50 55 60 65 8 Key signals on line 14 from keyboard 11 via interface 12 o to chord processor 30 Keyboard character signals on line 14b and other signals on line 26 from other input systems 25 go to other input processor 32 Embodiments can have either keyboard 11 or other input systems 25 or both Processors 30 and 32 present when their respective input signal sources are included apply signals to set selector 36 member selector 37 and output queue 38 Chord processor 30 further produces signals to select switcher 40 Set selector 36 uses its input signals to select sets of wo
64. s Alternatively stroke models can output MFWs and members when the selecting stroke ends with the lift of a pen or in a special way Two sets of 24 strokes distinguished by length or speed total 48 and so obviate the need for a means to select different assignments Addition of a second set of straight and curved strokes to the inner targets 1 8TI of FIG 11 for example provides 48 strokes FIG 12 shows a display pattern of 48 display locations for the 48 stroke assignments The closer rows and columns relate to the shorter strokes 1 8SST 1 8SCW and 1 8SCCW and the outer rows and columns to the longer strokes 1 8LST 1 8LCW and 1 8LCCW The assignment locations conform to the target locations except as modified to fit the nine short stroke assignment rows with the same length as those for the longer strokes Character MFW and other assignments that are fixed only require display assistence for training Changing assignments however require continued display guidance Table 32 and Table 24 assignments have the changing ones in the locations 66a of upper and lower rows of the FIG 10 Two row displays can thus show all of the variables and so suffice for after training displays The two upper and two lower rows of FIG 12 similarly have the varibles and thus enable reduction of after training displays to four rows Deletion of fixed data leaves changing data easier to find FIG 13 is a simple block diagram of non keyboard embodimen
65. s to an inflections and endings End Set for all of the member hand keys In chord models release of the set select key after release of the member key signals member selector 37 to output the selected word with or without added inflections and or endings via output queue 38 Non chord keyboard models signal selector 37 with Tab and Enter key inputs to set up other keys and the display for inflection and endings sets and with the Space Bar input to output words Non keyboard models signal selector 37 with a special stroke or auxiliary input to enable other strokes and set up the display for inflections and endings sets Different speed strokes select inflections and endings without the display Pen lifting or another auxiliary input outputs words Inflections 45 stores the inflection sets and other data necessary to display and apply inflections to stems Selector 37 responds to member select inputs by getting the selected member text and code data from vocabulary 42 for use by inflections 46 Inflections 46 uses the code to access an inflection set and supplements the set with inflections speci fied by text codes Display 44 presents the resulting set When inflections 46 receives an input via selector 37 for an inflection it correlates the input with the set displayed to indentify the inflection selected Inflections 46 then applies the selected inflection to the member text using its stored data for spelling rules and suffix stem end c
66. sser U S Pat No 4 891 786 uses the key in combination with other keys to type suffixes appended with spelling changes when necessary IDEOGRAPHIC TYPING Tzu Hung Li U S Pat No 3 950 734 divides Chinese characters into a prefix and a suffix related to one of 10 primary character elements The 10 prefixes and the 10 suffixes are further divided into 100 divisions A 100 key keyboard then provides for typing prefix and suffix combi nations in two strokes to specify the Chinese characters Wang Young Min U S Pat No 4 684 926 arranges selected roots on 25 keys of a standard keyboard to obtain Chinese characters 5 649 223 3 Andrew Chui U S Pat 4 689 743 encodes Chinese characters by basic stroke elements and sequences and then orders characters having the same codes by the degree of complexity OTHER SYSTEMS The article Multilingual Word Processing Joseph D Becker in the Scientific American of July 1984 discusses some of the difficulties inherent in typing the large number of characters of ideographic languages and describes a phonetic conversion system presently in use to type Japa nese In this system the user types words in a phonetic alphabet to computer apparatus which searches a dictionary to find the words having the input sound strings The sound strings are frequently matched by more than one word and the user then makes additional inputs to select the word wanted from those matched
67. ted MFWs upon release of word start keys before actuation of another key Holding word start keys operated enables the other hand keys to select members from the selected set The holding also enables adjacent same hand keys as Satellite keys with letter assignments for selection of additional sets as will later be explained Table B shows a display produced for the w key as the word start key Table B shows the selected MFW WAS and the reference key W captalized to indicate highlighting Satellite key letter assignments adja cent to and the set of 14 word stems assigned to the other hand keys complete the presentation 10 15 30 35 45 50 55 60 65 10 TABLE B DISPLAY FOR w KEY AS CHORD WORD START WAS a We i o want war water way we week well went were will woman work world would Upon release of the w key before another actuation processor 30 signals member selector 37 to output was Else processor 30 responds to other hand keys with signals to member selector 37 to change from was to the word shown by Table B as assigned to the actuated key In the case of the key the newly selected word is way Release of the other hand key key before the w key sets up way as the newly selected word for output in place of was upon release of the w key Release of the w key before the
68. tems require more than eight slots G for their particular sets of inflections mostly from Tables G and H All stems together however use all of the infiections of Tables G and H plus a few more These more than fill the slots of a full keyboard or a 24 stroke Pen system Like the eight slot Satellite key sets at least some of the other key and stroke set slots will have to handle different inflections at different times In some instances the shift keys could expand the number of slots for the inflection and ending sets In chord models member key release sets up the half keyboard End Set of Table I The Table I End Set includes the eight Satellite key slots on four keys of each of the home and upper rows The remaining keys of the Home and Upper rows and the keys of the digit row are filled in with other inflections The lower row has three punctuation strings a CNCL function and a CPD function TABLE I END SET al ic ion ive ity ness est er ble s ed ing ly POSS CNCL CPD STR STR The punctuation strings include the number of Space characters that usually follow punctuation marks in sen tences Sentence ending punctuation strings further include a special character to automatically capitalize the next sentence start Selection of a punctuation string signals member selector 37 to output the member followed by the punctuation string The Cpd function eliminates the Space after a w
69. the words associated with its assigned input means g selecting the wanted word from the currently displayed word set responsive to operation of its associated input means h temporarily assigning each of a set of inflections to an input means i presenting inflections for the currently selected word with each inflection associated with its assigned input means p applying an inflection to the currently selected word responsive to operation of its assigned input means and k outputting the selected and inflected word responsive to operation of an input means 2 The method defined in claim 1 wherein the words in the vocabulary include inflection codes and wherein some of the inflections presented in step i depend on the inflection code of the currently selected word 3 The method defined in claim 1 wherein the input means includes a moveable element a set of prescribed single motion patterns each having a shape and a direction and means for producing input actions responsive to movement of the element in any one of the set of prescribed patterns 4 The method defined in claim 3 wherein step f displays the currently selected word set with words in positions about a reference location that associate each word with its assigned pattern and wherein movement of the element in a prescribed pattern selects the word assigned to the respective pattern 5 The method defined in claim 3 wherein the prescribed patterns each have an assigned
70. ts of other input systems 25 of FIG 1 Input systems 25 provide inputs to input processor 32 of FIG 2 The non keyboard embodiments include touch display posi tion input systems and stroke input systems Element 70 can be a finger for touching the display screen or a pen or joystick or similar device for position or stroke inputs Sensor 71 detects position or movement of element 70 and produces outputs to represent positions and or movement coordinates Sensor 71 outputs go to sample analyzer 72 which processes the samples and responds with outputs for positions and or strokes Element 70 and sensor 71 may comprise such apparatus as a touch responsive display screen pen and tablet mice 5 649 223 23 joysticks etc Sensor 71 outputs represent either position change in position of element 70 generally as sampled at regular intervals For touch screen inputs analyzer 72 con verts positions to outputs for the areas touched and so to inputs for displayed items For stroke input systems ana lyzer 72 produces outputs for the stroke start positions and or the identities of the strokes for the patterns of movement Start position inputs have various possible uses as previously discussed Stroke outputs go to processor 32 for word writing functions or to other applications Apparatus such as the ACECAD D 9000 pen and tablet include a built in microprocessor to sample postion and or movement and to convert sample frames into serial out
71. ut selected MFWs or stems with or without inflections and add a space Punctuation key actuations also output selected MFWs or stems and append Punctuation Strings If the vocabulary does not have a set for the inputted letter string or when the letter string is broken by a non letter character a No Set condition obtains A selected or inflected stem present at the start of the No Set condition can still be inflected or outputted Otherwise the input string gets out putted and the system switches to a regular typing mode In the regular typing mode all keys except the Space Bar function as in conventional typing The Space Bar inputs a space character as is also conventional but also switches the system back to the word writing mode and sets up a word start Non letter keys with MFWs and first key sets assigned 5 649 223 19 prevent the selection of further sets and so the regular typing mode starts upon completion of action on their MFWs or first stem word stems The next key actuation gets the No Set condition but can inflect or output the MFW or select a word stem from the first set A word stem selected for the first set can still be inflected and outputted Actuation of the Tab key outputs a selected stem and actuation of the Enter key outputs the inputted letter string Both outputs are without a following space and set up the word start condition The next word will then compound with the one outputted by th
72. utes and select inflect and output words with endings Some keyboard apparatus responds to key combinations and others to single keys Stroke apparatus senses motion of a pen in each of a plurality of directions and patterns and inputs data items associated with the respective motions by the positions of the displayed items with respect to a reference location 20 Claims 10 Drawing Sheets Microfiche Appendix Included 2 Microfiche 107 Pages 22a 44 22b Page 2 U S PATENT DOCUMENTS 4 891 786 1 1990 Goldwasser 364 419 4 803238 1 1990 V 1 4 396 992 8 1983 Hayashi et al 222222 364 419 15 hee 2002 4 420 817 12 1983 Yoshida 364 900 5119296 61992 Zheng oval 4 459 049 7 1984 Howell et al 400 98 4462 03 7 1984 Lee 400 110 Hullender ers 4 464 070 81984 et al 400 98 31187480 21993 Thomas eral 341 22 4 566065 1 1986 Toth 364 300 5 200 988 4 1993 Riskin 379 52 4 504 686 6 1986 Yoshida 364 900 5 214 428 5 1993 Allen 341 20 4 760 528 7 1968 Levin 364 419 5 229 936 7 1993 Decker et al 364 419 4 115956 10 1988 Kaji et al 364 900 5 367 453 11 1994 Capps et 364 419 13 4 783 161 11 1988 Grey et al 364 900 5 442 547 8 1995 Kutsumi et al 364 419 08 4 868 750 9 1989 Kucera 364 419 5 479 383 12 1995 Tsune
73. y of a set of words assigned to the key Release of the key before another is actuated outputs the one of the most frequently used words in English assigned to the key Actuation of an other hand key selects the associated member of the displayed set and displays a set of inflections and endings for the selected member Actua tion of another other hand key applies the associated inflection or ending to the selected member Release of the first key following release of the member key or actuation of another key outputs a space followed by the selected member with any inflections or endings applied Release of the first key before release of the member key or actuation of another other hand key gets and displays the set assigned to the string of the first and member key letters The same action as just described for the first key set selects and outputs a member of the new set The operation and release of keys in order extends the input letter string to get additional sets If the input string does not have an assigned set operation and release of the Space Bar outputs the string The model thus either outputs members of selected sets or the input string of characters typed Holding the Space Bar operated while typing input strings get word set displays but inhibits member selection and the displays of inflection and ending sets The model includes satellite key features for both set selection and most frequent inflection selection Oper
74. yoshi 364 14 5 649 223 5 649 223 Sheet 1 of 10 Jul 15 1997 U S Patent e ola LAS 195 0 320 135 H38W3N YAHOLIMS 193135 49 351 3nano 104 104100 09 3993834 AW 1dSI y3sn 922 ind Sv qvi 305533034 E gt 0 c _ AWdSIG W31SAS SW3 1SAS 9NISS3203d 93 4Y3HLO SWALSAS yasn 8l 39V3H3 LNI 21419345 3HVMQSWVH ovi i QJVO8A3 U S Patent Jul 15 1997 Sheet 2 of 10 5 649 223 static char se_es_plurals efi iv fa av fr rv hc ch hs sh 5 5 772 n static char foreign plurals no a is es su i static char se ion ive br rpt dd ddit dne ent dn ndat di idat d s eb pt ede ess edi is edu us ed pt eko ocat em mpt eni inat eno onat era arat eriu uisit l eri irat eru urat eso osit esr rsat ete etit etuc cuf etut tut etu utat eu uat evie ept evir rivat evl lut evr ryat ez zat hsi it lae elat Ieb beti le uls mr rmat ngiZignat nia

Word based text producing system

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