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1. 8 99 The system uses the location data to warn the drivers about speed limit on the current location the traffic condition and to find the nearest maintenance or rescue center in case of help required The MC uses all the available data about vehicles location speed and the feedback from the other users system to translate these data into a useful traffic map which will use to update the vehicles navigator and traffic condition The design presents a remote fault diagnosis an OBD II to USB adaptor which is used to read all the fault codes sensors readings and the Vehicle Identification Number VIN The used microcontroller 18F4550 is USB compatible so it is read the OBD and forwards the data as required via GSM modem This option will be useful for people who are not familiar with fault diagnosis The maintenance center will receive a report from the MC about the vehicle status and if it can be maintained locally or if it needs to be loaded The VIN will be used for security reason since every car has a unique number so it will be easy to track any car based on its VIN or to identify the vehicle owner according to the central database Environmentally the system reads periodically the oxygen sensor and warns the driver until specific level but if the level exceeds then alarm the MC One of the standardization of the lraq J Electrical and Electronic Engineering Vol 10 No 2 2014 emissions related diagnostic2. accident reporting emissions related diagnostics fault remotely diagnostic traffic control vehicle tracking I INTRODUCTION The proposed design offers a complete electronic and communication solution to deal with the new vehicle generation and the difficulties that we face every day One of the important issues of this research 1s the driver safety The design takes into consideration most of the problems that could face the driver The system is periodically checking the airbag sensor and informs the monitoring center MC if any accident happens MC had used the GSM modem in the system to try calling the driver before sending help The early report about any accident could save the driver s life and save the rescue time since the system will report the accurate vehicle location There are many researchers who adopted other useful strategies to scan On Board Diagnostic OBD 1 2 and 3 but OBD should scan when the vehicle stopped as recommended Other researchers offer added extra sensors like seat belt alcohol sensor and eye sensor 4 to make the driving is more safe The system also presents a real time vehicle tracking that can locate the vehicle in case of stolen or help required The tracking strategy is based on fetching the location time date and speed from the GPS card and forwarding them on the GSM card Many researches discussed localization of the vehicle based on GPS GSM and GIS units 5 6 7 and
3. data GPRMC recommended minimum data via RS232 9600 bps At the same bitrate the microcontroller communicates with the GSM GPRS card via soft RS232 and based on AT commands OBD II scanner communicate with the microcontroller via USB it scans the vehicle sensors based on the MCU request lraq J Electrical and Electronic Engineering Vol 10 No 2 2014 Fig 9 Micro SD Card The system backup the data about the location and the fault history on MicroSD card via SPI Serial Peripheral Interface Bus bus Fig 10 shows the signal line diagram of the system Speaker and Microphone GSM GPRS GPS Modem OBD Scanner Micro SD LCD Screen C Fig 10 System Block Diagram PIC18F4550 Microcontroller SOFTWARE FLOWCHART The main part of the design is the microcontroller which manages the entire cards according to the flowchart shown in the Fig 11 VII The microcontroller is programmed to gather the data periodically from the GPS These data will save to MicroSD RAM to plot the vehicle path as required It also can be sent to the monitoring center in case of emergency or to the police in case the vehicle is stolen Because of the increased of the vehicle over speed accidents the system adopts a strategy to monitor the over speed of the vehicle according to its location and the navigator speed map If the driver crosses the speed limit the system warns him her but if the speed keeps increasing an alarm message
4. will be sent to the monitoring center to report the driver speed location and vehicle verification number 60 ad g SSI y Al yg SM Anorigl 448 yell Algal 2014 2 xdi 10 alas The system checks periodically if there is any request to scan the OBD II for diagnostics if any the system will check if the vehicle stops This can be checked easily using the vehicle gear status or any other indication then scan and diagnose the faults if any The result will time stamp and save on the MicroSD card After that the system will make a decision if there is any predicted fault or existence fault and what level of priority then classify them according to their priority Low level faults displays a warning message on the LCD screen the high level fault is sent directly to the monitoring center as an alarm message For the vehicle tracking purpose the microcontroller is interrupted by any incoming message When the system receives a message and after checking the sender ID it will replay a message with the required data There are three types of incoming messages to the system from three different senders Monitoring center police and the vehicle s owner The first 1s the request to diagnose this type of message 1s incoming from the monitoring center or the vehicle owner to diagnose the vehicle The second is the request for tracking this type of message can only be sent by the police for safety reasons The third is the request to updat
5. ard Monitoring center will use the speaker and microphone for calling purpose to check if the driver is conscious at emergency cases ex if the airbag sensor is activated B GPS card A GPS card is used by the system to specify the vehicle s location to be sent by the system to the monitoring center as required The used modem called GPS Click a board with its LEA 6S module features acquisition down to 1s 147dBm cold start sensitivity and 5Hz update rate low power consumption due to intelligent user configurable power management Mentioned features make this board ideal for asset lraq J Electrical and Electronic Engineering Vol 10 No 2 2014 tracking road navigation devices public transportation vehicle information systems and more Fig 7 shows the GPS card at p H ULLIRI p trasig j r mam M k D a Ree g em a Akik Fig 7 GPS card C MCU based Scan Tools and Analysis Platforms A PC or MCU based OBD analysis tool converts the OBD II signals to serial data USB or serial port standard for PCs or MCU The software then decodes the received data to a visual display Many popular interfaces are based on the ELM or STN1110 which is considered as the world s smallest lowest cost multiprotocol OBD to UART interpreter IC 11 and 12 both of which read all five generic OBD II protocols Some adapters now use the J2534 API allowing them to access OBD II Protocols for
6. as needed C Remote Fault Diagnosis Fault codes and sensor s measurement are read as required by the system via the OBD connector These codes and sensor readings are sent to the monitoring center if required to evaluate the vehicle status and make a decision if the vehicle can be fixed on location and what spare parts are required or if it needs to be loaded to the nearest maintenance center D Safety One of the most important sensors that need to be read periodically by the system is the airbag s sensor The system will send a high priority warning message to the monitoring center that includes the vehicle s location if the vehicle s airbag is activated The monitoring center employer can use the system GSM modem to make a call to the driver and checks if the driver can answer or not before sending help lraq J Electrical and Electronic Engineering Vol 10 No 2 2014 E Traffic control Monitoring center can advise the driver to avoid heavy traffic paths according to his her location Monitoring center can predict the traffic weight according to the vehicle s speed and update its traffic map F Vehicle ID verification VIN helpfully identifies the vehicle since the VIN is a unique for every car and it specifies the fingerprint of the vehicle Typically the VIN can be found by looking at the dashboard near the windshield on the driver s side of the vehicle refer to the car s user manual for the specific
7. both cars and trucks In addition to the functions of a handheld scan tool the PC based tools generally offer e Large storage capacity for data logging and other functions e Higher resolution screen than handheld tools e The ability to use multiple software programs adding flexibility 59 Asi g AYI 5 Athy SI uait 48 poll lall 2014 2 xxl lt 10 ala The extent that a PC tool may access manufacturer or vehicle specific ECU diagnostics varies between software products as it does between handheld scanners Fig 8 shows the OBD to USB adaptor hen Fig 8 Typical simple USB KKL Diagnostic Interface D MicroSD RAM The system uses a MicroSD RAM to save all GPS and sensor readings by fetching them periodically The saved data is optional but 1t may include the following e The GPS data longitude and latitude with timestamp will be saved periodically for the last month for example these data will be used to plot the vehicle path on the Google map 1f required e Fault codes will be saved directly with time stamp too these codes will serve to study the fault history by the maintenance center Fig 9 shows the used MicroSD Once the power is turned on the power LED will indicate that the board is in operation Data is read and written to the card using the industry standard SPI interface VI SYSTEM INTERNAL NETWORK Microcontroller is managing all the tools to complete the job It receives the GPS
8. d S O CAN High ISO 15765 4 SAE J2284 Not Used Not Used Bus of SAE J1850 only Not used on adapter NotUsed o NotUsed S CAN Low ISO 15765 4 and SAE J2284 15 L line of ISO 9141 2 and ISO 14230 4 l6 Battery Positive _ _ 7 K line of ISO 9141 2 and ISO 14230 4 1 2 3 4 5 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 7 iai g SIY y Aih jgSll Lesaigll A al Adal 2014 2 xxxii 10 alas IV SYSTEM FEATURES The system has many combined features that make the driving safer maintenance faster avoid stealing of a vehicle and eases the reaching of the destination which will save fuel and time Fig 4 briefly shows these features Remote Fault Diagnosis vehicle ID verification Traffic Control Early Warning Environme nt friendly Vehicle Tracking Fig 4 System Features A Early Warning The system has the ability to display and send an early warning message to the driver and the monitoring center According to the sensor s measurement some faults can be predicted by the system based on car history and experience data base B Vehicle Tracking The system uses a GPS card to find the vehicle s location and speed This information will be used by the system for tracking the vehicle for many reasons The first is to track the vehicle in case the car got stolen and the second is to find the nearest maintenance center in case help w
9. d not provide any information as to the nature of the problem Modern OBD implementations use a standardized digital communications port to provide real time data in addition to a standardized series of diagnostic trouble codes or DTCs which allow one to rapidly identify and remedy malfunctions within the vehicle OBD II is an improvement over OBD I in both capability and standardization The OBD II standard specifies the type of diagnostic connector and its pin out the electrical signalling protocols available and the messaging format It also provides a candidate list of vehicle parameters to monitor along with how to encode the data for each There is a pin in the connector that provides power for the scan tool from the vehicle battery which eliminates the need to connect a scan tool to a power source separately However some technicians might still connect the scan tool to an auxiliary power source to protect data in the unusual event that a vehicle experiences a loss of electrical power due to a malfunction Finally the OBD II standard provides an extensible list of DTCs As a result of this standardization a single device can query the on board computer s in any vehicle This OBD II came in two models OBD IIA and OBD IIB OBD II standardization was prompted by emissions requirements and though only emission related codes and data are required lraq J Electrical and Electronic Engineering Vol 10 No 2 2014 to be transmitt
10. e the navigational data about the traffic this message is sent by the monitoring center Monitoring center can predict the traffic based on the vehicles speed and location which is based on the feedback from the users of the designed system System users can easily report the heavy traffic by one push button Environment is a very important issue the deigned system offers to read the oxygen sensor and checks if the reading exceeds the threshold value to warn the user or send a report to the monitoring center Ix RESULT AND DISCUTION The system is designed for specific type of vehicle in matter of software and hardware to decrease its cost and complexity add for that it will be fixed in vehicle and not portable but it could be any type of vehicle The microcontroller has been programmed using Flowcode V4 for PICmicros which is one of the most advanced graphical programming languages for microcontrollers The system has lraq J Electrical and Electronic Engineering Vol 10 No 2 2014 been simulated by using the mentioned software and some snapshots had been taken A snapshot is shown in Fig 12 this photo shows the vehicle location information Latitude LT is shown in the second line Longitude LG on the third and speed over ground SG on the fourth The system diagnostic window is shown in Fig 13 This snapshot shows the system is healthy and there is no fault In the third and fourth lines there are some instructi
11. ed through it most manufacturers have made the OBD II Data Link Connector the only one in the vehicle through which all systems are diagnosed and programmed OBD II Diagnostic Trouble Codes are 4 digit preceded by a letter P for engine and transmission Powertrain B for body C for the chassis and U for the network Fig 3 shows the pin configuration of OBD connector and Table I is the description of these pins 0802020800 CO Jos oOoomoe Fig 3 OBD Connector Shape For example if the vehicle has pin numbers 2 4 5 10 and 14 populated then the vehicle will be using the SAE J1850 protocol and this vehicle was made by Ford As a rule of thumb Ford vehicles use the SAE J1850 PWM protocol Japanese vehicles use ISO 14230 Chrysler and other foreign vehicles use ISO 9141 and GM uses SAE J1850 VPW The exception to this are vehicles that are year 2005 some not all vehicles 2005 2008 or newer 2008 and newer for certain as CAN bus was mandated in 2008 as these vehicles all use the CAN bus However even if a vehicle uses the CAN bus there are multiple CAN bus protocols To determine exactly which CAN bus protocol the STN1110 is using you will have to rely on the software running on the master device reporting then protocol being used 9 Table I OBD II Pin Configuration Function Single Wire CAN J2411 O Bus of SAE J1850 PWM or VPW ___ Notused on adapter Cd Chassis Ground i O Signal Groun
12. f the various vehicle sub systems The amount of diagnostic information available via OBD has varied widely since its introduction in the early 1980s versions of on board vehicle computers MCLRVPP RE3 1 RAO ANO 2 RA1 AN1 e 3 RA2 AN2 VREF CVREF 4 RAS ANS VREF e 5 40 lt RB7 KBIS PGD 39 RB6 KBI2 PGC 38 lt RBS KBI1 PGM 37 RB4 AN11 KBIO CSSPP 36 lt RB3 ANS CCP2 vPO 35 O RB2 ANS INT2 VMO 34 RBI1 AN10 INT1 SCK SCL RA4 TOCKVCIOUT RCV gt 6 RAS AN4 SS HLVDIN C20UT gt 7 REO ANSICKISPP lt e 8 wo 33 lt RBO ANI2 INTO FLTO SDISDA RE1 AN6 CK2SPP lt e 9 9 32 O lt VoD RE2JAN7 OESPP lt 10 FF 31 Vss Voo e 11 a 30 RD7 SPP7 P1D Vss e 12 OO 29 RD6 SPP6 P1C OSC1 CLKI gt 13 28 lt RD5 SPP5 P1B OSC2 CLKO RA6 14 RCO TIOSO T13CKI lt e 15 RC1 T1OSVCCP2 OE 16 RC2 CCP1 P1A 17 VusB 18 RDO SPPO e 19 RD1 SPP1 e 20 27 O RD4 SPP4 26 RC7 RX DT SDO 25 RC6 TX CK 24 RCS5 D VP 23 gt RC4 D VM 22 RD3 SPP3 21 lt RD2 SPP2 Fig 2 Microcontroller Pins Configurations Early versions of OBD would simply illuminate a malfunction indicator light or idiot light 1f a problem was detected but woul
13. in Fig 15 The PIC18F4550 microcontroller is the brain of this circuit it communicates with the entire peripherals cards with at different protocols 61 ad g SI 5 Ash yg SM iaat 448 yell Algal 2014 2 xxxl lt 10 alas like RS232 SPI Serial Peripheral Interface and USB All the difficulties that face the police drivers and the environment have been taken into consideration for safer driving fast rescue response and a better environment The design has a limitation that its reporting efficiency based on the GSM coverage area and to increase its efficiency it is required to design an independence RF transceiver or to add a GSM booster The system will provide an accurate data in a timely manner such that it will enable the police to know the location of the tracked vehicle Its also served the maintenance center for fast response when help is required for the system reports the exact location of the vehicle and a brief fault diagnosis data XI REFRENCES 1 Ying Shing Shiao Chih Chi Li Sung Huan Yang Shun Hua Lin and Chun Yi Lin Chin E Lin Real Time Remote Onboard Diagnostics Using Embedded GPRS Surveillance Technology IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY vol 56 no 3 pp 1108 1118 May 2007 2 Wang Quanqi Wang Jian and Wang Yanyan Design of vehicle bus data acquisition and fault diagnosis system in International conference on Consumer Electronics Communications and Networks Xianning Ch
14. ina 16 18 April 2011 pp 245 248 3 Chin E Lin Chih Chi Li and Sung Huan Yang Development of On Line Diagnostics and Real Time Early Warning System for Vehicles in Sensors for Industry Conference Houston Texas USA 8 10 Feb 2005 pp 45 51 4 R Rathinakumar and D Manivannan Wireless Accident Information System Using GSM and GPS Research Journal of Applied Sciences Engineering and Technology vol 4 no 18 pp 3323 3326 Sep 2012 5 Dada O A Akinwonmi F C Kuboye B M GSM Base Stations Location Monitoring using Geographic Information System International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security IJCNIS vol 5 no 8 pp 39 45 June 2013 6 Kunal Maurya Mandeep Singh and Neelu Jain Real Time Vehicle Tracking System using GSM and GPS Technology An Anti lraq J Electrical and Electronic Engineering Vol 10 No 2 2014 theft Tracking System International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering vol 1 no 3 pp 1103 107 Aug 2012 7 khan Abid and Mishra Ravi GPS GSM Based Tracking System nternational Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology vol 3 no 2 pp 161 164 2012 8 Francis Enejo Idachaba Design of a GPS GSM Based Tracker for the Location of Stolen Items and Kidnapped or Missing Persons in Nigeria ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences vol 6 no 10 pp 56 60 OCT 2011 9 Bluetooth OBD II Inte
15. location The system is designed to fetch the VIN from the OBD By using the VIN it is possible to remotely identify the vehicle owner at the checkpoint by the police who can easily identify the overspeed cars since the system can report the over speed car according to its location speed limit G Environment friendly In the United States many states now use OBD II testing instead of tailpipe testing in OBD II compliant vehicles 1996 and newer Since OBD II stores trouble codes for emissions equipment the testing computer can query the vehicle s onboard computer and verify if there are no emission related trouble codes and that the vehicle is in compliance with emission standards for the model year it was manufactured In the Netherlands 2006 and later vehicles get a yearly EOBD emission check ISO 15031 10 specifies diagnostic services and functionally addressed request response messages required to be supported by motor vehicles and external test equipment for diagnostic purposes which pertain to motor vehicle emission related data V MONITORING CENTER Monitoring center receives short messages SMS from all registered vehicles with different levels of priorities The system sends data to the monitoring system on different saved number according to its priority Fig 5 shows the levels of the priority as proposed by the design but priority levels are a matter of discussion The received data classified at the monitoring cen
16. lraq J Electrical and Electronic Engineering Vol 10 No 2 2014 Aad g SSI 5 AGL yg Sl auanei 48 yell Alaa 2014 2 sell 10 als Vehicle Remote Support and Surveillance System Ahmed J Abid Ramzy S Ali Rafah A Saheb Electronic Eng Dept Elec Eng Dept Electronic Eng Dept Foundation of Technical Collage of Engineering Foundation of Technical Education Baghdad Iraq Dr ahmedjabbar yahoo com University of Basrah Iraq rsalwaily ieee org Education Baghdad Iraq Abstract the proposed design offers a complete solution to support and surveillance vehicles remotely The offered algorithm allows a monitoring center to track vehicles diagnoses fault remotely control the traffic and control CO emission The system is programmed to scan the on board diagnostic OBD periodically or based on request to check if there are any faults and read all the available sensors then make an early fault prediction based on the sensor readings an experience with the vehicle type and fault history It is so useful for people who are not familiar with fault diagnosis as well as the maintenance center The system offers tracking the vehicle remotely which protects it against theft and warn the driver if it exceeds the speed limit according to its location Finally it allows the user to report any traffic congestion and allows a vehicle navigator to be up to date with the traffic condition based on the other system s user feedback Keywords
17. ng n 5 SIYI 5 AHL ye SMI aat 48 pall laal Vol 10 No 2 2014 2014 2 axl lt 10 ala Panel x Panel x Vehicle Remote Support and Surveillance System Vehicle Remote Support and Surveillance System Fig 12 Vehicle s location simulation Fig 14 An example to warning message Panel x Vehicle Remote Support and Surveillance System i Tig GSM Modem 3 D P20 4 OND ee PROG H gi eleololololololo J5225A291 vss eloelo lololololo elelo lololololo app js Riis JNS eRe es at Fe fod be Signal Ground Chassis Ground GND CAN High J 2284 ISO 9141 2 K Line a CAN Low J 2284 J1850 Bus J1850 Bus ISO 9141 2 L Line Battery Power sD Fig 15 System hardware simulation OONOBRUN 63
18. ons to the user for example press UP to scan OBD Left LT switch to report the vehicle status to the control center Right RT switch to back to the previous window and down DN for more information about the sensor reading Warning messages are automatically generated by the system Fig 14 shows one of these warning messages Misfire detected with low fuel by using a force code for testing purpose This message can be skipped by pressing OK key but alarms messages displayed with report option in case if the owner need to request help from the monitoring center The system hardware has been simulated using Protues7 10 as shown in Fig 15 The Fig shows OBD adaptor too which consisting of OBD to RS232 then RS232 to USB Note it 1s possible to use RS232 directly for the microcontrollers that not support USB e LCD screen used in 4 bits mode e Programmable 6 pin socket e Sockets for the used GSM GPS and MicroSD e UP Down Left Right and OK switches e LEDs for GPS Ready GSM ready MicroSD ready warning and alarm signals X CONCLUSION The design system offers a complete solution for online fault diagnosis early warning system traffic control strategy and vehicle tracking system The system is based for now on a separated GPS GSM MicroSD and OBD scanner but it 1s required to make a compact electronic card which can be smaller in size and have low cost For now the system is simulated in Proteus 8 as shown
19. rface Adapter http ahdesign us blog obdii Bluetooth OBDII _Manual pdf 10 Road vehicles Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions related diagnostics British standard BSI Standards BS ISO 15031 5 2006 11 STN1110 specifications http www obdsol com stn1110 12 Hu Jie Yan Fuwu Tian Jing Wang Pan and Cao Kai Developing PC Based Automobile Diagnostic System Based on OBD System in Power and Energy Engineering Conference APPEEC Asia Pacific 28 31 March 2010 pp 1 5 62 And g SI 5 AL yg Sl iaat 448 yell Algal 2014 2 sell 10 asx Read GPS data eave Data to include Location ESD RAM Date and Time Report the YES Check current Speed if vehicle cross location and the area speed VIN limit No Check request to diagnosis and vehicle stop Scan OBD II diagnostic data Save Data to the SD RAM Make decision if there is any predicted fault or exist fault and what level of priority Display warning Send Data to message on the the monitoring LCD Screen center by GSM Read GSM messages Send Vehicle location and Yes speed to the Request for itori Track monitoring center by GSM No ae Yes Check CO2 Monitoring sensor No Update Yes Ais there any navigator map B traffic info Send report to Yes the monitoring center by GSM gt i Fig 11 Software Flowchart Iraq J Electrical and Electronic Engineeri
20. services and the oxygen level is BS ISO 15031 5 2006 by ISO the International Organization for Standardization As shown in Fig 1 the vehicle always read the GPS signal and reports location to the MC periodically via GSM modem MC center is already having a secured line with the rescue office and maintenance center S lt G ps TA Se Monitoring Center Fig 1 Signal propagation diagram II MICROCONTROLLER BASED SYSTEM As an embedded system this system 1s used an 18F4550 microcontroller which is an enhanced flash USB microcontrollers with nanoWatt technology This microcontroller has many good features that required for system implementation like e USB V2 0 compliant with on chip USB transceiver with on chip voltage regulator e Supports up to 32 bidirectional Endpoints 16 e Two External Clock modes up to 48 MHz e High Current Sink Source 25 mA 25 mA e Three External Interrupts e Four Timer modules Timer0 to Timer3 e Master Synchronous Serial Port MSSP module supporting 3 wire SPI all 4 modes and I2C Master and Slave modes Fig 2 shows the pins configuration of the used microcontroller Il ON BOARD DIAGNOSTICS On board diagnostics OBD is an automotive term referring to a vehicle s self diagnostic and reporting capability OBD systems give the 96 ad g SSI 5 Ash yg Sl Anorigl 448 yell Algal 2014 2 sell 10 alas vehicle owner or repair technician access to the status o
21. ter into three groups according to its priority 08 n s SII 5 Auth pg SII Ausright 48 pall Alaa 2014 2 xxxi 10 rx _ Safety High Priority Remote Fault Diagnosis Early Warning Vehicle Tracking Vehicle ID verification Medium Priority a Traffic control Low Priority Environment Sensor Report Fig 5 Levels of Priorities VI SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The system is totally managed by a microcontroller PIC18F4550 type The microcontroller periodically reads the vehicle diagnosis data via OBD connector to predict any expected fault but it sends a warning message only for high priority faults It also specifies the vehicle s location based on a GPS card A 2x20 characters LCD has been used to display the fault or any other value need to be monitored by the driver The system has separated cards for now but it should compact to reduce its size and cost A GSM GPRS Card A GSM GPRS modem is used in this design as a wide coverage area transceiver This modem is used to transmit and receive data between the system and monitoring center The used modem called GSM2 Click by Microelectronica has a Quectel M95 IC it is ideal for mobile devices The Quectel M95 is a quad band GSM GPRS engine that works at frequencies of GSM850MHz GSM900MHz DCS1800MHz or PCS1900MHz with 85 6 kbps GPRS data transfer It supports internet service protocols such as TCP IP UDP FTP and PPP Fig 6 shows the GSM GPRS c
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