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Copper :: DS1 Series User Manual

1. CN LI T KE RER E ES ES ES EES ES ES ES ES EES I Illustration continues on the next page Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Tie Cables in Overhead Cable Management 7 ii y PN L1 l T if Y LY LN Cross Aisle Patch Cord IER SES SEL EE GER EE EEN ES ES Eer Een eg Fee Fe FER Ce CI rr Fee E gg E EC ECK S SS ES ES EES E ES ES ES EES E Lp IERI Figure 9 Patch Panels continued 1 4 4 Cross Aisle Panels Figure 10 Cross aisle Panels These panels cross connect between DSX 1 bays that are not in the same line up Cross aisle panels eliminate the need to route jumpers outside of the DSX cross connect pathways At least two cross aisle panels are needed to accommodate this feature Tie cables provide the interconnection between the two panels wire wrap or connectorized Cross aisle panels are available in both straight feed through and cross over feed through connections Tie Cables in Overhead Cable Management
2. ri Figure 7 DSX T Bay amp Fuse Panel rto re et i end distr petia 7 Figure 8 ee 8 Figure 9 Patch Panels COntlhieg itece ttes teet e SER E eege aues eex yup es esp 9 Figure 10 Cross aisle Panels eere rie da ee ERU Eee ER eaae ELA EN Feux Aaaa eu 9 Figure 11 With and Without Cross aisle Panels sees 9 Figure 12 Cable Managemenit oin entrer been RE e LER ENEE EKG ER xen R RR Rae Rag 10 Srel IC RE Ke Te 11 Figure 14 Signal CGorrechon senten nnne nnne nennen 13 Figure 15 Example of DSX 1 Signal Flow esseseesssssssesseeeneenee nnne 14 Figure 16 Second Example of DSX 1 Signal FIOW seen 15 Figure 17 Generic Diagram of DSX 1 System Signal Flow sss 16 Figure 18 Signal Flow Paths Through a DSX 1 Jack ssssssssseee 18 Figure 19 Interbay Patch Panels Aa 19 Figure 20 Options for Signal Path ocior terree beet Feb eni be orta 19 Figure 21 LIne D uicem etum ee vu red sass Poste nueces ax ERE ek dn auos eie nuo R uet EXP evan 22 Figure 22 CablemanagelTieil s secco cmo re dert eov tpe tee ry aee Per eege sto ire NE 25 Figure 23 Ee E 26 Figure 24 Sample Cable ROUUNG coronel bee ret Peter ri rae eda enit 27 Figure 25 Cable Rings and Patbways enne raana 28 Figure 26 Example of Zone Cabling leucis eei dcea E o ENEE iaaea 29 Set IER E 20 Figure 28 de E SR 30 Figure 29 Mounting hole Patterns
3. Without Cross Aisle Panel With Cross Aisle Panel CN UI l LY LN LI L L E I I I 1 1 31 1 1 14 Z LY KEE 1 yt ff Ces Fi TEE Se ry e er ae al a CS TD TT ES ES ES EES E ES EES ES EES ES IESSE ES EES ES ES ES ES EES EI 11 1 1 I I 1 I WORST EXAMPLE OTHER UNDESIRABLE EXAMPLES POSSIBLE CROSS CONNECT WIRE ROUTING EXAGGERATED FOR CLARITY Figure 11 With and Without Cross aisle Panels Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 9 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 4 5 Test Equipment Auxiliary DSX test equipment located in the frame should be capable of driving idle lines during system turn up and connecting unassigned and maintenance lines The test equipment provides a controlled error free test signal for use during installation troubleshooting and stressing of span lines suspected of being marginal 1 4 6 Cables Cables in a variety of types connect the network equipment to the DSX 1 Wires or jumpers of different types connect the in out circuits of the equipment at the cross connect terminals of the DSX 1 1 4 6 1 Cable Management Overhead cable racks Retainer rings and troughs on equipment bay racks Wire trays tie down bars routing clips and fanning strips on panels AL hp T M M T o U U U Uo Cable flows between A the racks over transition L
4. sssssssssssssseseeenenee enne nennen nen 31 Figure 30 Connecting WIF6S ice coma ei Ilt do ba RO Fe dE cea aqu ck ed Ra A d d ka c ege 41 Figure 31 Maximum Bending Radius eene 42 Figure 32 Standard Circuit Assignments esses 47 Figure 33 Right and Wrong Wire wrapplng s riri eet rrr nai Rr saccbectes 49 Figure 34 Cross Connect Terminations nnne 52 Figure 35 Example Patching Schematics iaio ai a 54 Figure 36 VO CODRDGeCctOIS EE 60 Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 A0 vii 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Chapter 1 About DSX 1 Systems 1 1 Purpose and Scope This document describes the principles of manual DSX 1 equipment interfaces including design and installation fundamentals This document guides the planner engineer and installer through the fit form function requirements of DSX 1 applications offering best practice methods common to the industry Information specific to E1 lines Europe are found in Appendix A 1 2 Description A digital signal cross connect DSX is a central terminal for digital equipment at a particular digital signal bit rate providing both permanent and temporary connections DSX test ports provide bridged and series access for test or patching Hard wire is direct cabling between network elements NEs Such an arrangement has the following disadvantages Difficult cable management Inadequate access for testing and monit
5. Contact Current Ratings 200 mA continuous 2A peak for 10 seconds Impedance 75 100 and 120 ohms of characteristic impedance balanced and unbal anced circuits Insulation Resistance Between any two terminals 1000 megaohms at DC voltages up to 500V Crosstalk At least 60 dB below desired signal Insert Withdraw Force About 4 17 Ib for insertion 5 21 Ib for withdrawal Life Cycle 10 000 insertions and withdrawals typical Humidity Up to 95 operating and nonoperating Thermal Limits 40 C to 65 C 40 F to 149 F for normal operation and 55 C to 85 C 67 F to 185 F for nonoperating or storage 2 7 2 DSX 1 Jack Shields Normally a single ended shield connection is provided with the DSX 1 panel for shielding that can be extended through the jack field Connecting the jack field shield to the frame ground of the bay extends the shielding through the jacks and does not violate the Isolated Bonding Network IBN scheme See section 2 8 DSX 1 Electrical Planning 2 7 3 Wire Wrap Terminations Standard wire wrap terminations are 0 045 inch square brass pins with nickel plating There are five terminals for cross connects two pairs for the Tip and Ring cross over connections and a single connection for the tracer lamp 2 7 4 Connectorized Cable Terminations DSX 1 and NE terminations are available for AMP type twisted wire pair connectors Con
6. OUTX Cross Connect Field Front r IN X Figure 2 Fields in the DSX Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 A0 4 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 4 DSX 1 System Elements Ge Office annel Terminating T1 Span Bank Repeater H DC Distribution WE Microwave digital DMS 200 l Cross Aisle Interbay Patch Panels GTD 5 EAX Switch digital Panel Bay or Frame Figure 3 DSX 1 System Elements DSX 1 networks are used in offices ranging from fewer than 50 to more than 10 000 DS circuits A large DS environment can consist of several equipment frames located on several floors separate areas or in remote extended offices that serve a specific population center NEs terminate at DSX 1 panels that are typically mounted in bays in the DSX frame Such elements include fiber optic equipment channel banks loop equipment network office terminating equipment and digital switches The frame bays may also include patch cross aisle and power distribution panels and test equipment Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 5 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 4 1 DSX 1 Panels 1 4 1 1 Size The total number of DSX jacks determines the circuit size of the panel Most panels are designed in increments of 28 Standard configurations are 28 56 and 84 circuit terminations 1
7. and Ring MON provides 20 dB of paralleled T Cross Conrm isolation between the output jack and itself IN LN R Cross Conn R NE Figure 6 Jack The input IN jack provides serial access to the 7 signals going into the connected NE The output OUT jack provides serial access to signals coming out from the connected NE Jack fields and modules provide five cross connect DE Distribution terminals Four of these complete signal connections Horizontal between NEs The fifth is a tracer lamp terminal Tracer Ring Panel lamps identify circuit routing when the tracer terminals of that circuit are connected 1 4 1 5 Patch Cords DSX 1 Patch cords temporarily route digital signals during Panels turn up rollover reconfiguration modification and testing of a DSX 1 frame 1 4 2 DSX 1 Bay Configuration Cable F A bay is a 7 foot relay rack loaded with equipment Management pom Besides DSX 1 panels a bay may include such Rack psu equipment as interbay patch panels cross aisle panels and test equipment DSX 1 panel height Figure 7 DSX 1 Bay amp Fuse Panel determines the number of panels contained within a bay One DC power distribution panel located at the top of the bay is normally included in the configuration v 1 4 2 1 DC Distribution Panel AH d a The distribution panel must provide enough fuse or mmm e fitm Ka t circuit breaker positions and load capability to support E all th
8. Are routed next to exposed metal surfaces other than the rounded edges of the cable rack cross members Secure fiber protection independently to the metal surfaces with twine or nylon ties Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 44 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 4 6 2 Securing with Twine Use twine on cables that leave or go to the horizontal cable racks and at the first uppermost vertical rack securing position Refer to the operating company s guidelines or Telcordia practices for proper stitching or sewing proce dures Unless job specifications state otherwise twine should be two strands of nine ply waxed polyester 3 4 6 3 Nylon Cable Ties NOTE Use twine not cable ties on cables that leave or go to the horizontal cable racks and at the first upper most vertical rack securing position Cable ties should be a flame retardant nylon that meets the requirements of UL 94V 0 and be of adequate size type and strength for the application Refer to the operating company s guidelines for proper use Here are some general guidelines Cut cable ties with an approved tool Bring cable ties to the approved tension Do not let the cut end of the tie protrude past the locking head The cut end cannot be sharp or jagged Sharp means to the touch Make cable ties tight enough to hold the cables together but not so tight as to damage them The tie should be able to rotate w
9. 1024 kHz 5 1 6 3 Return Loss The total sum of reflected losses at half line rate 1024 kHz must be less than 18 dB measured at the output test port 5 1 7 I O Connectors NE1 Out Cross Connects DSX 1 S Complete NE to NE Signal Path see below Network Element 1 NE1 NOTE Element 2 IN OUT TERMINALS JACK NE2 BNC EXAMPLE ASSEMBLY Gb KS L SIZE AND SPACING EXAGGERATED FOR CLARITY DSX 1 modules Ge 4jack assemblies OQO per module e OOOOQ Ports OCO cus MON eee K OO0 Wire wrap cross connect example BNC IDC also possible 000 5606 e E TL p TL HCH US o damn T T oto aT TO Dro OUT OUT OR db R R m S Ro R R una EN To ora ORO UR RU ORO T T I II T NE2 NE1 KOCH IN IN R Example of front cross connect Figure 36 I O Connectors Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 60 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 5 2 Cables Cables must meet electrical mechanical and flammability ratings and be listed with a recognized test laboratory for other compliance ratings Choose cables that meet these minimum electrical characteristics Nominal Impedance 120 ohms 5 at 1024 kHz Insertion Loss No greater than 6 dB per 1000 feet at 1024 kHz for 22 AWG cable Far End Crosstalk Better than 90 dB per 1000 feet at 1024 kHz Near End Crosstalk Better than 85 dB per 1000 feet
10. Error free seconds EFS Coding violation CV Loss of frame LOF Framing error FE Loss of signal LOS Degraded minutes DM Unavailable seconds UVS Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 56 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 4 5 4 Line Impedance Verification Standard line circuit impedance for a DSX 1 is 100 ohms at 772 kHz 4 5 5 Signal Levels Signal level is the signal s peak to peak voltage dBdsx is the unit of measure It can be measured either in service or out of service at different points in the network Expect a different value at each point Different impairments cause improper signal levels including faulty or failing transmitter drivers a circuit terminated into two receivers or improper or poorly wired connections The most common point for measuring signal level is at a resistor isolated DSX monitor jack The resistors lower the signal level by 20 dBdsx signal range should be 18 to 22 dBdsx If signal level is measured at the OUT jack or at a nonisolated monitor jack the signal level should be in the range of 2 to 2 dBdsx The signal level at the network interface depends on the length of the last section of wire supplying the T1 service Typical levels range between 7 and 25 dB Although there are no absolute good or bad levels the signal level should remain constant over time Therefore measure signal levels at the circuit turn up compare them wi
11. 119020 1 AO 38 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 2 The DSX 1 Bay Relay racks that make up the bays should be consistent in design shape and style This provides a uniform and simple installation Mount individual bays as straight and level with the frame line up as possible Allow enough space between bays using spacer kits to provide adequate room for all cables 3 2 1 Mounting Follow the spatial requirements shown in the job specifications 3 2 1 1 Floor DSX 1 bays mount to the floor with anchor bolts Verify that the anchor bolts meet size and depth requirements When drilling anchor holes use a three conductor grounded vacuum cleaner to pick up dust Shims are provided with most relay racks to level the bays within the line up Use these in conjunction with floor mounting hardware When installing within an Isolated Bonding Network IBN insulate anchor bolts that might touch grounded structural metal in the floor 3 2 1 2 Frame Overhead Support Secure the top of the relay rack to the supporting structure within the frame The securing methods and types of superstructures vary but should be consistent throughout the DSX 1 frame When installing within an IBN the bay may or may not be isolated from the superstructure Guidelines for using insulating materials to meet the IBN requirements appear later in this chapter 3 2 2 Cable Pathways Retaining rings or cable routing devices control
12. Cable Lengths m 61 5 2 9 Cable COGIAG DE 61 5 24 Line Impedance eiii tl a doce Eege EE 61 5 2 4 1 Symmetrical Pair Cable AANEREN 61 5 2 4 2 Coaxial Gables EE 61 EE EE TR pelt Le 62 5 2 6 Cross Connect Wires JUMpers eene entente 62 5 3 Design and IristallatiQni edit etr re et prb pee eer Exec ey pier EXE prece pires 62 5 3 1 Grounding and Bonding Guidelnes seen 62 5 3 2 Connectivity Losses and Loss Budget eessseessssessssesrsssrnesrnnesnnnsnnernnnnnnssnnn 62 5 3 3 Coaxial GCOlineclols m cere vaccine tese porte ses EE sinh P eie xu Ene E EEESruEeNE deg 63 ET E E 63 E e E 63 5 4 1 Line Impedance Verification coincidencias ne die Eb anna 63 5 4 1 1 Symmetrical Pair Cable ener nnns 63 5 41 2 Coaxial Cables EE 63 5 4 2 e ERR 63 5 4 2 4 ele EE 63 5 4 2 2 120 o0hm Symmetrical Palt critt i abr eo tt E RR Fete prb eun 63 54 3 Pulse ere EE 64 m LOSS s 64 E RE EE 64 m Mti 64 5 4 4 3 Cross Talk Coupling sse ener tenens 64 Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO vi 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series List of Figures Figure 1 Visual example of DSX 1 functionality sse 2 Figure 2 Fields in the DSX eiii eter aoc dep edad Ego daas eed LE uid dra aiaa 4 Figure 3 DSX 1 System Elements 5 Figure 4 56 Circult DSX 1 EE 6 Figure 5 Rear Access Panel 6 Figure 6 JaCK C
13. Examples of poor connections include insufficient turns shiner length in excess of 1 8 of an inch and separated bulged or overlapped turns Inspect wire wraps for quality and conformance look for any discrepancies related to the wireand tooling Figure 33 Right and Wrong Wire wrapping NOTE Do not reuse wire For retermination the old wrap must be cut off and a new length must be stripped 3 6 4 2 Wire Wrap Tools Wire wrap tools are needed for wire skinning stripping hand wrapping unwrapping manual or electric wire wrapping and wire forming Inspect the tools before using look for excessive wear or other defects in the bits and sleeves of both hand held and electrical tools Prefer tools approved by the cable manufacturer or the operating company particularly those rated to match the wire gauges The sleeve of wire wrapping tools must be rated to the wire wrap pin Multiple gauge tools do not provide a consistent quality of wire wrap 3 6 4 3 Wire Wrap Criteria Clearance between wiring terminal pins and any metal work shall be a minimum of 1 32 of an inch Minimum clearance between adjacent wiring terminals shall be 1 64 of an inch The strip length for all acceptable wire sizes is 1 5 8 inches Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 49 1 509 926 6000 telect com Elect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Table 3 Wraps per Wire Size Minimum Wraps AWG Minimum Wraps 20 5 26 T 22
14. TU To PESE RI RT DLL 55 Mul e 55 4 5 1 System Error Conditions 55 4 5 1 1 Jitter and Wander secet Eod c RR Deed dE 55 4 5 1 2 Controlled Frame Slips entrent 55 4 5 1 3 Uncontrolled Slips ecran citt sette eege Reen 56 4 5 1 4 Impulse e 56 4 5 1 5 EE 56 Ee 56 4 5 1 7 BE ETOS etn e dee Eege t P DG edd 56 4 5 3 MODITOTIDIG cicero rer rtu Ever EKARA re eet o Fed Reed EAEE te EY pex 56 4 5 4 Line Impedance VerifICatlOn coop sea poten Ro Rx E YER XH Ou XXE ee 57 4 5 5 Signal Levels iiie te or teg der E eH eR TATE EE eeu Lasers ani d Aver ada 57 4 56 EE 57 E 57 ADF A SOIL ee dieere arret a E aena TEE a Ae EE 57 4 5 2 REUT EE 57 4 5 3 Cross Talk COUPINO E 57 4 5 8 Maintenance LINCS sss T RA R 57 Eeer Eeer Ee 59 5 1 SIN RE 59 NEU 59 Loi E2 EE 59 5 1 2 Power Level tuned eode istos tum eerie rat ba eui Due rd ipa avs 59 5 1 3 Symmetrical Line or Circuit sssssssseseeeeeneeneeennn nnne 59 5 1 4 Asymmetrical Line or Circi 1 3 12 2i ceci ituetut eei eod caedere didus eun aai 59 Oe AICI EE 59 5 1 6 Signal EE 59 Ds Kom IMSOMIOM LOSS eS 59 516 2 Le OSS isi EE 60 Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO v 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 5 1 63 Return LOSS aeri eite ER d KREE erte 60 Ne Eine 60 Ae rm 61 5 2 Go0axial Gable EE 61 5 2 2
15. fuses meet requirements Adjust mounting brackets if necessary to fit bay size Mount the panel to the uppermost position available on the bay Install a star washer at each mounting bracket to meet bonding requirements Fuse and wire size ratings are provided with the panel You must follow these ratings as well as voltage polarity to comply with the safety requirements Cable input power and ground connections from the battery distribution fuse bay BDFB or power distribution frame PDF Before cabling equipment to the distribution panel s output terminals test panel functionality according to the installation instructions Install equipment power wires from bottom to top in a neat uniform manner and secure cables to the vertical rails following standard securing practices Install the rated fuse in a circuit then test that circuit s operation Use only one fuse position per equipment input feed CD ALERT ALERT Do not daisy chain power leads 3 5 2 DSX 1 Panel Installation The number of panels that can be located within a DSX 1 bay is determined by the height of the individual panels Regardless of the number ideal DSX 1 panel placement is no lower than 16 inches 40 6 cm from the bottom and no higher than 76 inches 193 cm at the top of a 7 foot 213 4 cm relay rack Placement should be consistent throughout the bays within the line up if possible The number of DSX 1 circuits for the individual panels vary depen
16. lamps The maximum length of cross connect wires is 85 feet 25 9m for 24 gauge balanced pair wire recommended 1 7 1 5 Cross Connect Pathways These are routing methods for cross connection wires jumpers The pathway is formed by DSX 1 panel trays retaining rings and cable routing devices that control the direction and location of the cable or wire 1 7 1 6 Tracer Lamps Tracer lamps or LEDs provide a visual identification of cross connect circuit paths within a frame The LEDs or lamps come in various colors to identify a particular network equipment s termination A single wire connecting the tracer terminals of two DSX 1 circuits makes half a tracer lamp circuit A plug inserted into either MON jack completes the circuit causing the lamps at both ends to light Some units are equipped with LEDs that flash for 30 seconds and then light steadily Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 17 1 509 926 6000 telect com Elect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 7 2 DSX 1 Jack Circuit This illustration shows the signal flow paths through a DSX 1 jack Cross connecting the TL terminals of 2 jacks distributes BATT from both jacks equally through the circuit RTN is common inserting a plug in MON of either jack com pletes the circuit for both and both LEDs light Return Tracer R Out NE T Out NE J R NE R Cross Conn OUT T NE T Cross Conn A T
17. output jack according to the ITU T G 703 recommendation All marks of a valid signal must conform with the mask regardless of the sign The value V corresponds to the nominal peak value Test load impedance 750 resistive 1200 resistive Nominal peak voltage of a mark 2 37V 3V pulse Peak voltage of a space no pulse 0 0 237V 0 0 3V Nominal pulse width 244 ns Ratio of the amplitudes of positive 0 95 to 1 05 and negative at the center of the pulse interval Ratio of the widths of positive and 0 95 to 1 05 negative pulse at nominal half amplitude Maximum peak to peak jitter atan Refer to Section 2 of recommendation G 823 output port 5 4 4 Loss 5 4 4 1 Insertion This should measure less than 0 2 dB at 50 kHz to 3 MHz 5 4 4 2 Return This should measure z 26 dB at 1 024 MHz 5 4 4 3 Cross Talk Coupling This should measure less than 56 dB at 1 024 MHz Telect assumes no liability from the application or use of these products Neither does Telect convey any license under its patent rights or the patent rights of others This document and the products described herein are subject to change without notice Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 64 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect
18. patches to a cross aisle panel in the same bay The panel connects by tie cable to another panel which is also in the same bay as the DSX 1 to which it patches These bays have the same number in their line up Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 1 509 926 6000 telect com DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 3 4 2 Zoned Cabling A single 22 or 23 bay line up might occupy two or more zones but the bays are still numbered in straight sequential order Zone cabling not only patches the same numbered bays of different line ups within the same zone but also equivalent position bays in different zones The following figure is a simplified example of zone cabling 14 14 14 o 13 13 E we Ke e NOTE FOR CLARITY ONLY SAMPLE CABLING IS SHOWN HERE ACTUAL CABLING WOULD BE THROUGH CROSS AISLE PANELS Bay 12 in the line ups are in position 1 within Zone 2 Therefore they can patch to Bay 1 in the line ups also position 1 within Zone 1 Similarly Bay 2 matches with Bay 13 Bay 3 matches with Bay 14 etc Line ups Figure 26 Example of Zone Cabling Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 29 1 509 926 6000 telect com EIEC DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 4 DSX 1 Racks Relay racks are available in a variety of styles shapes physical dimensions and mounting hole spacing They are the base structure for the physical DSX 1 fra
19. ratings as described in the most recent issue of the National Electric Code Article 800 Communications Circuits Cables must also be listed with a Nationally Recognized Test Laboratory NRTL for other compliance ratings Choose DSX 1 cables that meet these minimum electrical characteristics Nominal Impedance 100 ohms 5 at 772 kHz Line Loss No greater than 6 dB per 1000 feet at 772 kHz Far End Crosstalk Better than 90 dB per 1000 feet at 772 kHz Near End Crosstalk Better than 85 dB per 1000 feet at 772 kHz ALERT Failure to use electrically compliant DSX 1 cables may cause transmission errors bipolar violations crosstalk and loss of signal strength 2 9 1 Balanced Pair Cable Balanced pair cable commonly known as twisted pair cable is available in a variety of wire gauges and pair sizes in bare copper or tinned and with fire and electrical safety ratings Tin plated conductor wires reduce oxidation and provide long term reliability of solderless wire wrap terminations Common wire sizes are 22 24 and 26 AWG DSX 1 frame cables are jacketed bundles in a variety of sizes consisting of binder groups from 4 to 808 pairs AT amp T 600B and 600C series See Standard Multipair Color Code in the installation chapter 2 9 2 Shielding Shielding is important to the digital transmission scheme Proper shielding practices allow the inherent capacitance and inductive reactance of the cables to reduce electrical
20. replacing old network element NE equipment with new equipment without otherwise changing the system Refer to Example Patching Schematic on page 54 Cable the new equipment to the I O terminals of the DSX 1 At the DSX 1 patch the equipment that will remain to the new NE equipment Transfer the cross connects from the old equipment to the new Disconnect the patch Si e xo us cmm Disconnect the old equipment that you just replaced 4 4 Rerouting Rerouting changes the route or the spans of the DS system to include combining a T1 line into a T3 line through a multiplexer reassigning a T1 line to a different multiplexer Rerouting requires coordination between involved offices Using the same techniques discussed in the preceding section Retermination reroute a line at any intermediate office or location first then complete the reroute at the end locations 4 5 Testing Input output and monitor jacks provide test access for signal characteristic evaluation fault location loop back testing and error detection Digital network performance is specified in terms of error free seconds errored seconds severely errored seconds and failed seconds 4 5 1 System Error Conditions 4 5 1 1 Jitter and Wander Jitter is a short term variation in signal phase Its cause can be noise or from bit stuffing as a T1 signal processes to higher multiplexers Wander is long term variation in signal phase It is caused b
21. see below NOTE IN OUT TERMINALS CK ANY TYPE ASSEMBLY Element 2 xt I Suy Rz NE2 SIZE AND SPACING EXAGGERATED FOR CLARITY I DSX 1 modules 64 pin Telco Connecto 4 jack assemblies per module Terminals TL Gelti TL T T OUT OUT R R F t IN IN R R Example of front cross connect Figure 17 Generic Diagram of DSX 1 System Signal Flow Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 16 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 7 1 1 Tip and Ring Tip and Ring commonly called T and R are the conductors in single pair DSX 1 circuits In balanced twisted pairs the Tip wire is the first of the pair Ring is the second 1 7 1 2 Cross Connects The input and output terminals must be rolled or electrically crossed over to complete a circuit path Cross connect terminals at the DSX 1 accomplish this Connecting the output of a circuit to the respective input of another completes the transmit and receive loop 1 7 1 3 Terminals A cross connect terminal located on either the front or rear of the DSX 1 is an extension of the T or R of the input or output terminal If no jack plug is in the input or output ports wire pairs or jumpers connect the cross connect terminals directly to the NE s associated input output terminals at the DSX 1 1 7 1 4 Cross Connect Wires Jumpers DSX 1 jumpers consist of five wires two pairs for cross over connections and a single wire for the tracer
22. shelf equipment typically installed in a bay Wall mounted panels are possible DSX 1 Bay The individual rack structure that contains DSX 1 panels associated communication panels terminal strips blocks and test and maintenance equipment required for DSX 1 frame support Cable and wire management are included with the bays DSX 1 Frame A generic term for one or more DSX 1 bays equipped with all necessary equipment to perform all DSX 1 functions DSX 1 Network Includes one or more interlinked DSX frames at a single location that perform all DSX 1 functions in common A single bay could comprise the entire network DSX 1 System A DSX 1 network that includes all operating equipment terminated at the DSX 1 frames cabling support services planning engineering records assignment and operations support Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 2 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Digital Multiplexers MUX Equipment that interfaces different bit rates to a single transmit path in the digital network Multiplexing combines individual channels into common bit streams Demultiplexing separates the channels out again Tie Frames Provide electrical access and connection points between physically separated DSX 1 frames within an office environment T1 Span A digital line between two offices or between an office and a remote site run through repeater equiment Distributing Frame l
23. site preparation and installation Equipment User Documents Proper install of specific bay equipment Telect s Secondary DC Distribution Technical DC power distribution to bay equipment electrical Reference Guide grounding rules and techniques National Electric Code Rules regulations and procedures of site and equipment power supply and grounding Also cable labeling and coding Manufacturer s Specifications Special instructions for installing protecting and servicing a specific product or its components going into the bay Bellcore GR 1275 CORE Bellcore practices Specific grounding and bonding information cable securing methods Review all available information before installation Verify you have all tools and all components necessary for each phase of the installation 3 1 1 Safety Observe OSHA regulations USA while preparing the site and installing the equipment 3 1 2 Site Preparation Points to remember Verify that equipment spatial requirements and cable routing space has been determined for the installation Verify all requirements for cable lengths DC power and AC power have been met Establish the point to point termination connections within the site 3 1 3 Product Inspection After unpacking it inspect the equipment for any shipping damage defects or missing parts Keep all documen tation shipped with the equipment Inventory the equipment Telect Inc All Rights Reserved
24. through the ground conducting path ensuring quick interruption of the fault current while keeping voltage potentials to a minimum Current from a lightning strike is shunted through the IGN and around the IBN reducing the high voltage potentials that can cause insulation breakdown With the single point ground terminations disconnected from the ground window the insulation resistance between the IBN and the IGN should be 100 mega ohms or greater For information on proper grounding methods see Bellcore TR NWT 00295 Issue 2 July 1992 Isolated Ground Planes 2 8 5 Ground Window Master Ground Bar The ground window is the interface point between the building s IGN and the AC DC grounding conductors included in the IBN This transition zone is a sphere with a maximum radius of 3 feet 91 4 cm IBN conductors after passing through the window must be insulated and isolated from the IGN Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 35 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 8 5 1 IBN Requirements All DSX 1 frames that are part of the IBN must be insulated from the common bonding network Typical fastening points that require insulation include anchor bolts bottom of bays superstructure supports lighting fixtures and other hardware The insulating material must have a dielectric strength not less than that of nylon 400 volts mil 2 9 Cables Cables must meet the electrical mechanical and flammability
25. 0 1 AO 1 509 926 6000 telect com 51 Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 6 6 Connecting DSX 1 Ports 64 Pin Telco Connector These are 32 cable pairs bundled together and terminated on one or two ends with a 64 pin telco connector Each pair must be assigned a circuit designation Attach the cable connector to the appropriate rear panel connector as labeled on the DSX 1 3 6 7 DSX 1 Cross Connect Terminations Make cross connect terminations at NE equipment turn up Five wire wrap terminals are provided for the cross connections done within the frame two pairs for the crossover connections and a single connection for the tracer lead Transmit and receive cross connections must be crossed over OUT to IN IN to OUT between the DSX circuits for circuit loop operation Connect the single tracer wire to the tracer terminations between the two DSX 1 circuits p DSX 1 modules a OO 4 jack assemblies Coe per module a 0000 Pots oe 9600 J odoo Example of front cross connect Cross Connect Terminations Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 A0 52 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series This page intentionally left blank Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 53 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Chapter 4 DSX 1 User Functions 4 1 Identifying a Circuit The number of panels and the mass of jumper wir
26. 2 Shieldif10 DEE 36 2 9 3 Plenum Cable 01i ee nice tenete edere tod dea se dada dee erai ku aed NE nada 36 2 94 ChOSS COMMOCIS eege ede rne temet ene ELO EUN ee Ee 37 2 9 5 Patch COTAS EE 37 2 9 6 Cable e EEN 37 2 9 7 Connectivity Losses and Loss Budget 37 29 8 Line ne Ke UE 37 3 T Breliiminaries eco rir peer aeta bn dee ege ege Eed 38 Me Ul SAN EE 38 Boll 2 Site PRED ALAUON e ciet minero nene EE eegene sparen alpes E ENE 38 Sla Product InSpeGtlOTuiu cuu rore dentine aust avert pecca bed eene v rebos 38 Ee ENEE 39 ca ipee i 39 crow MB OOM ee MEE D Tr 39 3 2 1 2 Frame Overhead Support iic oe ceci edente d espace ER aoa 39 3 3 Power Grounding Me H V e 40 3 3 1 Isolated Bonding Network 2 ecce cct aduer ra tob gea da 40 9 9 2 AC Power ET E re A0 3 3 3 Grounding and Bonding Guidelines sssseee 41 leese geess nete onte erer 42 93 41 General ee 42 34 Neue E 42 EE Ee Ee le EE 43 3 4 2 Firo StOpS TEE 43 3 4 2 1 Fire Stop Opening and Closing 43 3 4 3 Vertical Direction Routing aciei tinae rt eta caet iaa aaas 43 3 4 4 Cable Butttng esee einen nnn rennen andaan nnns nent 44 EE E MEN iori E 44 3 4 4 2 DSX 1 Panel Locaton EE 44 3 4 4 9 General Procedur Esitin rana aR OE etd uS ae ARE ES DEAE IE 44 3 4 5 Cable Management at the DSX 1 Panel 44 9 4 5 1 Gable Service LOOPS TE 44 9 4 6 Securing H Et Le 44 3 4 6 1 Protecting wit
27. 26 50 White Orange 326 350 Black Brown 51 75 White Green 351 375 Black Slate 76 100 White Brown 376 400 Yellow Blue 101 125 White Slate 401 425 Yellow Orange 126 150 Red Blue 426 450 Yellow Green 151 175 Red Orange 451 475 Yellow Brown 176 200 Red Green 476 500 Yellow Slate 201 225 Red Brown 501 525 Violet Blue 226 250 Red Slate 526 550 Violet Orange 251 275 Black Blue 551 575 Violet Green 276 300 Black Orange 576 600 Violet Brown 3 6 5 Wire Wrap Procedure 1 Bring the in and out cables intended for the connection from the cable management device at the DSX 1 panel There is a Tip and Ring pair for each direction of signal 2 The DSX 1 panel layout determines where you should start Normally the wire wrap pins on the bottom of the DSX 1 panels are the most convenient and cause the least congestion as the terminations are assembled Do not untwist the wire pairs more than physically necessary to make the connection to the wire wrap pin 3 Starting with the first circuit designation wire wrap the first cable pair to the DSX 1 circuit Tip and Ring desig nations Connect all of one signal side all in or all out first 4 Continue across the panel following the wire color code chart 5 When all designations are complete for one signal side repeat the assembly for the other side 6 Form any pairs that continue to the next DSX 1 panel into cable bundles in a neat uniform pattern Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 11902
28. 4 modules with 4 DSX 1 jack Vie gt Front cross connect wire wrap terminals Power and ground connectors 31g Rear wire wrap terminals for network element IN JOUT Gau Figure 4 56 Circuit DSX 1 1 4 1 2 Front Access Cross connects and port access are at the front of the panel the NE terminations are located at the rear If such a panel also provides the terminations at the front it is called a total front access TFA panel 1 4 1 3 Rear Access A DSX 1 panel that provides cross connects and NE terminations at the rear of the panel with port access located on the front is called a rear access panel Tracer TO RU Cross Connect Fields Block 0 0 pa z 4co pa 0 0 amp 94 ele eos Input Output Fields Block Figure 5 Rear Access Panel Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 6 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 4 1 4 Jacks The main component of a DSX 1 panel is the jack Panels are either fully configured with jack fields Return d maximum circuits or they accommodate jack OT NE __ Mon modules for an expandable number of circuits T Out NE R NE d Jour Each jack has three ports MON OUT and IN OUT 2 oe OUT and IN consist of two 2 conductor pairs T Cross Conn Hd Ju one pair for each direction of transmission Tip
29. 5 28 H 24 6 29 7 3 6 4 4 Multipair Color Codes Wire insulation colors according to a standard code identify conductor pairs Tip and Ring Cables having more than 25 pairs are divided into binder groups of 25 pairs Binders are identified by color The following tables display the standard color coding of cable pairs and binder groups Table 4 Cable Pairs Pair No Tip Primary Color Stripe Color Ring Primary Color Stripe Color 1 White Blue Blue White 2 White Orange Orange White 3 White Green Green White 4 White Brown Brown White 5 White Slate Slate White 6 Red Blue Blue Red 7 Red Orange Orange Red 8 Red Green Green Red 9 Red Brown Brown Red 10 Red Slate Slate Red 11 Black Blue Blue Black 12 Black Orange Orange Black 13 Black Green Green Black 14 Black Brown Brown Black 15 Black Slate Slate Black 16 Yellow Blue Blue Yellow 17 Yellow Orange Orange Yellow 18 Yellow Green Green Yellow 19 Yellow Brown Brown Yellow 20 Yellow Slate Slate Yellow 21 Violet Blue Blue Violet 22 Violet Orange Orange Violet 23 Violet Green Green Violet 24 Violet Brown Brown Violet 25 Violet Slate Slate Violet Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 50 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Table 5 Binder Groups 1 25 White Blue 301 325 Black Green
30. 8 Mbps 5 1 2 Power Level For 120 ohm symmetrical pair all signals coming into a DSX 1 frame are 3 0V peak to base The ratio of the amplitudes of positive and negative pulses at the center of the pulse interval should be 0 95 to 1 05 5 1 3 Symmetrical Line or Circuit Symmetrical means the two sides of the line or circuit are equal in series resistance series inductance shunt capacitance and leakage to ground Twisted pair cable is an example of symmetrical cable 5 1 4 Asymmetrical Line or Circuit If the two sides of the line or circuit are not equal in series resistance series inductance shunt capacitance or leakage to ground the line or circuit is asymmetrical Coaxial cable is an example of asymmetrical cable 5 1 5 Balun Unit A balun is a signal transformer that matches impedance between cables of different impedance Typically used in Europe it matches asymmetrical 75 ohm coaxial to 120 ohm symmetrical twisted pair cable 5 1 6 Signal Losses 5 1 6 1 Insertion Loss This is the total loss created by the terminal connections at the DSX 1 panel and the DSX 1 jack assembly at half line rate 1024 kHz Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 59 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 5 1 6 2 Line Loss The total signal loss between equipment terminations including all components of the DSX 1 frame in each direction of transmission should not exceed 6 dB at half line rate
31. Connects Front Figure 21 Line ups Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 22 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 2 4 Floor Loading The site may already have a specification for site floor loading If it does not follow this guideline The floor should be able to support 150 Ib ft 2 732 kg m2 This weight allocation comprises loaded bay rack plus equipment cables and miscellaneous weight Determine the square footage for weight distribution this way Rack Width x Total Depth Total depth rack depth half of aisle width in front of rack half of aisle width behind rack The actual weight of a typical 7 ft bay fully loaded comes to about 525 Ib 238 1 kg Rack 2 2 5 Bay Footprint Th k tioned bel illustrated 30 e racks mentioned below are illustrated on page En x Total Y Depth 2 2 5 1 19 Bay Le Width Channel type racks 20 3 in x 15 0 in 51 6 cm x 38 1 cm 2 2 5 2 23 Bay Rack Channel type racks all heights 24 3 in x 15 0 in 61 7 cm x 38 1 cm Unequal flange type racks 24 3 in x 15 0 in 61 7 cm x 38 1 cm Network type racks 25 9 in x 12 0 in 65 8 cm x 30 5 cm Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 23 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 2 6 Heat Dissipation The site may already have specifications for heat dissipation If it does not follow these guideli
32. Cross Conn E T IN R Cross Conn R NE Jack Schematic Insulators Jack Plug Tip Ring ees out 75 E Sm Front Cross Connect TL R eI In Dual Monitor Plug disconnects signal from cross Patch Reroute Seier connect pins diverting it through the some j E plug to a new NE connection modules RASS Figure 18 Signal Flow Paths Through a DSX 1 Jack 1 7 2 1 Output Port This is an intrusive connection point that interrupts the DS1 signal from the NE upstream of the signal path This port is used for establishing signal levels coming to the DSX 1 frame as well as for testing patching and rerouting the digital signal 1 7 2 2 Input Port This is an intrusive connection point that interrupts the DS1 signal to the NE downstream of the signal path This port is used for testing patching and rerouting the digital signal Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 18 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 7 2 3 Monitor Port Inserting a jack into a test port OUT of single monitor ports OUT or IN of dual monitor ports accesses 20 dB of the signal present at the port and sends it to the test port contacts A jack insert also completes the tracer lamp circuit and lights the tracer LEDs 1 7 3 Interbay Patch Panels These panels reduce the length of needed patch cords by serving as an intermediate terminal poi
33. DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series User Manual BATT RTN SGND MON OUT IN R Out T NE R In Front Cross Connect Applys to DS1 Series Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Table of Contents a Red gtree and EE JETER LESBIENNES 1 3 1 DSX Detinttion nennen nenne nennen senes nnns 1 4 DSX 1 System Elemeris 1 eter Ladies ceti eio tec Ula cod dk sat eoa a Da dE ERRECHEN EE 1 4 1 2 Front ACCESS RRTRRTREERERRNER 1451 53 Tee ES AA ET AA Patch Ee e E RETTEN 1421 DC Distribution Pane lonon sass eegene Pera rU CER ee geg de eege Es 143 intarbay Patch Panels eorr e t re tr e eee t DE de ee pen 1 4 4 Cross Aisle banels n nnne nene enne ne enne nes 1 4 5 Test eon VA eet 1 4 6 1 Cable Management 22 Lies diea et Ira ctt Eae LLL EAEE a AAEE B Se ACIE E PCT LH A Balanced Line or Circuit ridere eri rer ei ber qn eh Dv ra ctam eap SY a nd deve n bee n 1 5 2 Unbalanced Line or ET DI E 1923 IMP SOANCE avai E 125 4 Line Build BIET LINDE er Tee 1 6 1 Bigital Signal Rate Standards etn tente cler Eege Due M 1 61 2 T1 or DSI Signal iiie iret sd Lala Hee eei cie ated Esch aE 1 6 2 Signal Frames and Format Standards sese 1 6 2 1 Super Frame D4 iita dicite idea cad da red der ENEEEEEEdEEdOEEN EE ee ees 1 63 Signal SHAPING DEE 1 6 4 Alternate Mark Inversion cesses nennen nennen nennen 1 6 5 Signal Go
34. Interconnection points that provide telecommunications services to customers Distributing frames provide termination for facilities and equipment cross connection support for electrical protection devices and test access Decibel dB A unit of measure that expresses the ratio of two voltages currents or powers The dB specifies transmission loss gain or relative level of the digital signal Relay Rack A generic term for the mounting structure that contains telecommunications operating equipment The relay rack is the base structure for the physical DSX 1 frame Churn A common term for connection disconnection and rearrangement activities at a DSX 1 frame Roll Move an in service circuit to another termination with minimal effect to signal transmission Tracer An LED usually called a lamp that gives the user a visual indication of a successful cross connect completed circuit The terms tracer lamp and LED in connection with this function are used interchangeably in this reference guide Line up A frame of bays side by side in a straight line Jumper Cross connect wire Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 3 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 3 1 DSX Definition A DSX consists of three fields connection areas in out I O for NE connection cross connect circuit completion and jack monitor patch MON Jack IN
35. Isolated Bonding Network IBN ground network connected to DSX 1 Ree do we frames Other points to remember ground cable in cable rack A When connecting to the IBN it is critical that no incidental ground paths are created to the Common Bonding Network CBN Nonconductive coatings paint or enamel on the contact surfaces of equipment to be bonded grounded should be removed to assure electrical continuity Solder chassis ground wire for DSX 1 panel to main ground wire Bonding and grounding conductors must be copper tinned or nontinned do not use aluminum conductors Each ground cable must be the proper size Connect the relay racks to the grounding network with a Clamp wire a few minimum of 6 AWG wire times to the rack Figure 30 Connecting wires When connecting to a CBN verify the cable is equal or greater in size than the return input wire The IBN cable must be large enough to ensure interruption of a short circuit fault current without thermal damage to the cable The output fuse breaker of the distribution panel in the bay determines the maximum fault current The National Electric Code recommends a minimum size of 14 AWG for the grounding wire from chassis to frame for a DSX 1 panel Or size the wire per the DSX 1 manufacturer s recommendations Ground cables should be run exposed routed and placed to allow visual inspection of the entire ground
36. K components EEN f 7 Z Horizontal Ring Panel Cable Routing Clips Tie Down Bar Lineups Vertical Cable Management Partial Rack Vertical Cable L el Managemen Figure 12 Cable Management Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 A0 10 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 5 System Issues 1 5 1 Balanced Line or Circuit Two balanced pair wire connections one pair for transmit OUT and one for receive IN make up one DSX 1circuit LT T OUT Xmit FL OUT pisei GC R R NE DSX 1 KE T e IN Recv SCH IN IR R Figure 13 DSX 1 Circuit Balanced means a circuit or transmission line is electrically symmetrical the two sides of the line or circuit are equal in series resistance series inductance shunt capacitance and leakage to ground Twisted pair cable is an example of balanced cable 1 5 2 Unbalanced Line or Circuit If the two sides of the line or circuit are not equal in series resistance series inductance shunt capacitance or leakage to ground the line or circuit is unbalanced Coaxial cable is an example of unbalanced cable 1 5 3 Impedance This is the total resistance and capacitive inductive reactance that opposes th
37. Line Up Structure Constraints and requirements of cable traffic are a factor in determining line up placement and structure An industry standard is a maximum of 23 bays in a single line up The number of possible terminations in any line up depends on the density offered by the DSX 1 equipment As you plan NE DSX 1 configurations within the line up remember that the maximum length for cross connect jumpers is 85 feet 25 9m 2 5 1 Rack Spacing Proper rack spacing within the line up helps accommodate and protect the cables Spacers which provide room for the equipment cables between the DSX 1 bays are available in widths ranging from 2 to 7 inches 5 1 17 8 cm Choose a spacer width that accommodates the entire amount of cables needed for present and future growth The amount of cable area is the vertical space alongside the vertical risers where cable can reside End panels are used at the right and left ends of the DSX 1 bay line ups for cable protection They can also be used in the middle of a line up to segregate different DSX frames Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 31 1 509 926 6000 telect com EIEC DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 5 2 Maintenance Bays A maintenance bay holds a variety of miscellaneous equipment Possible items could include a communication panel patch panels backup panels and test equipment Every fourth bay is a maintenance bay in a typical 23 bay line up 2 6 Bay Configuration A typ
38. System and all connectors Do not secure multiple ground connections to a single point Refer to the manufacturer s specifications for recommended lug sizing and crimping methods Connection mating surfaces should be flat and corrosion free to ensure maximum surface contact Buff all nonplated connectors and bus bars to a bright finish Clean mating surfaces of plated connectors with a nonabrasive nonconducting pad to remove oxidation without removing any plating material Coat connectors or connector mating surfaces with an antioxidant compound before making connections For single hole terminals place a star washer between the metal surface and the terminal lug connection to prevent cable rotation Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 41 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 4 Cabling 3 4 1 General Practices Keep in mind the following points 3 4 1 1 Cable Labeling Refer to Article 800 in the latest edition on the National Electric Code for details on labeling Avoid stressing or damaging new and existing cables Protect existing cables in the racks Install cable guide rings for equipment racks to prevent cables from rubbing on the frame work threaded rods and other cables Cable amount is determined by the number of circuits to be terminated and the number of pairs within the cable Before installing cables verify that adequate cable space is provided fo
39. X 1 to another NE is 1395 ft 425 2m 2 9 7 Connectivity Losses and Loss Budget As you plan your DSX 1 circuits consider that the maximum allowable equipment to equipment signal loss is 6 dB This is your available loss budget and it is depleted by the DSX 1 equipment and components according to their dB loss rating You must consider all theseloss sources cable type and length cable connectors out in cross connects cross aisle panels jack insertion Following are the loss characteristics of standard twisted pair cable 22 0 017 655 85 ft 1394 24 0 027 2 9 8 Line Build Out You need to design line build out LBO based on cable lengths and inherent signal attenuation to achieve equal voltage level at the DSX 1 Typical attenuation levels that you can set at the LBO pad on the NE are 0 0 7 5 and 15 0 dB at 772 kHz Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 37 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Chapter 3 DSX 1 Installation Guidelines 3 1 Preliminaries DSX 1 installation guidelines are important Most of the instructions are points to remember rather than specific step by step procedures You must depend on all existing installation reference information Table 2 Installation Reference Information Job Site Specifications All aspects of site preparation and installation Operating Company Rules Regulations Guidelines All aspects of
40. air terminations Coaxial cables are available from manufacturer s in both connectorized and nonconnectorized versions 5 2 6 Cross Connect Wires Jumpers Wire wrap coaxial and IDC cross connect terminals are common in European applications 5 3 Design and Installation 5 3 1 Grounding and Bonding Guidelines Refer to the electric code document common to Europe for the recommended minimum size of for the grounding wire from chassis to frame for a DSX 1 panel Or size the wire per the DSX 1 manufacturer s recommendations 5 3 2 Connectivity Losses and Loss Budget As you plan your DSX 1 circuits consider that the maximum allowable equipment to equipment signal loss is 6 dB This is your available loss budget and it is depleted by the DSX 1 equipment and components according to their dB loss rating You must consider all these loss sources cable type and length cable connectors out in cross connects cross aisle panels jack insertion baluns These are the loss characteristics of standard cable Table 6 Loss Characteristics of Standard Cable 734 772 kHz 1 540 MHz 0 207 1 024 MHz 2 048 MHz 0 272 735 772 kHz 1 540 MHz 0 400 1 024 MHz 2 048 MHz 0 523 Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 62 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 5 3 3 Coaxial Connectors Properly attaching cable connectors is a critical part of the installation Verify the conne
41. and 800 3 4 2 Fire Stops Review the operating company regulations pertaining to fire stops before opening the stops and routing cables through them All cable openings must be closed temporarily at the end of each shift and be permanently closed at the completion of the cable operation The installer who opened the hole must ensure fire stop integrity when the stop is closed When holes are opened in floors for cabling operations the installer must provide adequate protection to prevent personnel and equipment from falling through the hole 3 4 2 1 Fire Stop Opening and Closing Remove the fire retardant intumescent putty from around the cables Remove the retaining bolts from the opening plates on both sides of the fire stop Remove any nonflammable stuff bags within the hole After cable operations through the hole are complete cut the cover plates to fit the new cables Reinstall the plates and stuff bags within the hole securing the plates Using new intumescent putty reseal the holes around the cables on both sides of the fire stop NO QO FON Relabel the fire stop inspection tag as specified by the operating company 3 4 3 Vertical Direction Routing Route the in cables to the vertical riser on one side of the bay route the out cables to the other side The direc tion of cable entry to the DSX 1 bays determines the cabling structure If cables enter the bay from the top then the bottom DSX 1 panel should be co
42. at 1024 kHz ALERT Failure to use electrically compliant cables may cause transmission errors bipolar violations crosstalk and loss of signal strength 5 2 1 Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable must meet stringent transmission characteristics for impedance and loss The cables contain annealed copper or copper plated steel conductors covered with a dielectric of low density polyethylene LDPE This dielectric core is then covered with an outer conductor of two tinned copper braids and a polyvinyl chloride PVC jacket 5 2 2 Cable Lengths Standard cable lengths have been determined to minimize crosstalk and help ensure adequate signal strength to the digital equipment 5 2 3 Cable Coding Refer to the European Harmonized Cordage CENELEC publications HD 21 and HD 22 for the harmonized wire coding system 5 2 4 Line Impedance 5 2 4 1 Symmetrical Pair Cable Standard line circuit impedance is 120 ohms at 1024 kHz 5 2 4 2 Coaxial Cable Standard line circuit impedance is 75 ohms at 1024 kHz Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 61 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 5 2 5 Coaxial Terminations DSX 1 panel equipment terminations are available in BT43 Type 1 6 BNC and TNC connections using 75 ohm unbalanced coaxial cable One cable handles each direction of transmission The cross connects in either a coaxial connection or with a balun unit can be converted to 120 ohm twisted wire p
43. ation point on the NE equipment rack To meet Isolated Bonding Network IBN requirements terminate the drain wire to ground at the NE end only 3 6 3 2 DSX 1 Panel Connect the shield ground terminal S GND on the DSX 1 panel to a ground location on the bay If provided connect shield ground to chassis ground using a terminal block jumper The connection can be made either using 20 AWG stranded wire within crimp lugs or can be wire wrapped using special binding posts attached to the bay frame 3 6 4 Connecting DSX 1 Ports Wire Wrap Terminate cables entering from the top of the bay at the bottom DSX 1 panel first terminate cables that enter from the bottom of the bay to the top most DSX 1 panel first DSX 1 wire wrap terminations are standard 0 045 inch square brass pins with nickel plating The sharp edges of the pin bite into the tinned copper conductor when properly wrapped forming a reliable connection Connection integrity is based on proper number of turns clearances tolerances and tension with which the connection is made Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 48 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 6 4 1 Wire Wrap Workmanship When skinning the wire do not scrape or nick the wire metal Nicks can cause the wire to break scrapes remove the tinned coating and allow the connection to oxidize which can weaken the integrity of the connection You cannot allow wire wrap defects
44. cable length limits of the NEs Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 21 1 509 926 6000 telect com Elect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 2 2 Vertical Space Allocation The following guidelines are based on the assumption of a 10 ft 304 8 cm or more ceiling Cable Racks z s System 7 ft 213 4 cm equipment racks Cross Aisle 1 ft 30 5 cm clearance between the top of the bay and the a a Line Up line up cable management rack lt 1 ft 30 5 cm clearance between the line up cable management rack and the cross aisle cable management rack A 1ft 30 5 cm clearance between the cross aisle rack and the system power cable management rack 2 2 3 Aisle Spacing The site may already have specifications for zone aisle widths If it does Line up not consider these guidelines For most DSX 1 panels circuit connections at both the rear and the front typical aisle widths measured between the guard boxes are Rack front maintenance 2 5 to 3 ft 76 2 to 91 4 cm wide rear wiring 2 to 2 5 ft 61 to 76 2 cm wide main traffic aisles Within the zone these should be at least Guard 3 ft 91 4 cm Box The rear of parallel line ups should face each other across wiring aisles we Sa Co ei and the fronts should face each other across maintenance aisles Rear Wiring Aisle Typically UO Connections Rear Front Maintenance Aisle Typically Cross
45. ctors meet specifications for both the cable size and the NE connection Strictly follow the connector manufacturer s procedures using the specified tools Attach coaxial connectors to the cable per connector manufacturer specifications using the recommended tooling Common tools include cable strippers such as the Paladin CST cable stripper which is available in various cable sizes crimping tools such as the Paladin CTX 1300 1400 and 1600 series crimpers also available in various cable sizes 5 3 4 Securing Wrap coaxial cables that have soft foam dielectric with fiber paper before securing them to the cable pathways 5 4 Testing 5 4 1 Line Impedance Verification 5 4 1 1 Symmetrical Pair Cable Standard line circuit impedance for a DSX 1 is 120 ohms at 1024 kHz 5 4 1 2 Coaxial Cable Standard line circuit impedance for a DSX 1 is 75 ohms at 1024 kHz 5 4 2 Signal Levels The signal level at the network interface depends on the length of the last section of wire supplying the E1 service Typical levels range between 7 and 25 dB 5 4 2 1 75 ohm Coaxial All signals coming into a DSX 1 frame are 2 37V peak to base 5 4 2 2 120 ohm Symmetrical Pair All signals coming into a DSX 1 frame are 3 0V peak to base Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 63 1 509 926 6000 telect com Elect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 5 4 3 Pulse Shape Pulse shape is nominally rectangular Measure this at the DSX 1
46. cuits in numerical sequence using the circuit designator on the DSX 1 panel Continue the designation sequence at the next panel above When all assignments are complete for a given DSX 1 bay continue to the next bay within the DSX 1 frame Use the same designation pattern Designator Bay 1 Bay 2 Figure 32 Standard Circuit Assignments Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 47 Telect 1 509 926 6000 telect com DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 6 2 Connecting the NE Ports NE equipment can have different names for in and out signals Therefore you must establish or verify the signal path direction to and from the DSX 1 frame Terminate the DS1 signals coming from the NE and going to the DSX 1 panel at the out terminals Connect T to T and R to R Terminate the DS1 signals going to the NE from the DSX 1 frame at the DSX 1 in terminals Connect T to T and R to R 3 6 3 Shielding 3 6 3 1 Cable The wire pairs inside the sheath are covered with a shield of aluminum foil or aluminum polyester tape A 24 AWG bare wire between the sheath and the shield or inside the shield is a drain for ground termination The shield should come within 1 2 inches if possible of the drain wire s ground termin
47. ding on the circuit configuration The total number of circuits determines the amount of cable high density panels can require up to three times more cable per bay Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 46 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series NOTE Do not tighten equipment mounting screws until the rack has been leveled This helps prevent the panels from being distorted 1 If necessary adjust the mounting bracket positions to the desired mounting position for the associated 19 or 23 rack configuration Mount the panels in the bay from bottom to top Place a star washer under the mounting screws one on each side to meet bonding requirements Provide and terminate properly rated power wires from the DC distribution panel to the DSX panel Install a 14 AWG ground wire terminated with a properly rated lug between the chassis ground of the panel and the bay frame Test the individual panels for DC power by placing a jack plug in the monitor MON jack Verify that the tracer lamp lights The following section Terminations contains information on terminating signal wires at the DSX 1 panel 3 6 Terminations 3 6 1 DSX 1 Circuit Assignments Here is a standard procedure common throughout North America 1 Start with the Bay 1 in the DSX 1 frame line up and assign the starting designation numbers to the circuits located at the bottom DSX 1 panel Assign individual DSX 1 cir
48. e bottom of the frame 2 3 3 Routing Cable at the DSX 1 Frame NOTE Cable groups should not mix digital transmission rates Split DSX 1 transmission cables into two groups one group consisting of the out cables and the other group consisting of the in cables Divide these groups along the entire cable path between the NE and the DSX 1 frame including the vertical paths alongside the DSX 1 bays out cables on one side of the bay in cables on the other side Dividing the out and in cables reduces electromagnetic interference and promotes a simpler installation Cabling between bay line ups require cross aisle panels Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 1 509 926 6000 telect com End View Line up Line ups Rack Cables Front Rear maint aisle wire aisle Rack In Cables or Out Cables DSX 1 Panel Rear M O Sample Cabling Pin Fields SS Fanning Pd Strips IO Wires NWSW Input from one side Ws output from the other 2 N REN Tie Down Bar Figure 24 Sample Cable Routing E Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 3 3 1 Cable Rings and Pathways Provide cable pathways for all in out cables cross connects cross aisle panels and interbay patch panels To calculate the needed size assume a density of 160 pairs or 64 5 wire conductors of 24 gauge wire per square inch Allow a 1596 margin for extra cable Horizontal ring panel
49. e equipment in the DSX 1 bay DSX 1 bay equipment is normally DC powered but certain types of test equipment may require AC power DSX 1 panels need DC power to operate the tracer lamps DC Distribution Panel Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 7 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Other types of equipment such as amplifiers and regenerators are usually service affecting and should be powered by a dual feed DC distribution panel 1 4 3 Interbay Patch Panels These provide a common patch location between the DSX 1 bays in a given DSX 1 line up to reduce the length of the patch cords and to better manage cords that otherwise must cross an aisle to another line up An interbay patch panel can be considered an extension of the patch cord A DSX 1 frame needs at least two patch panels to provide this feature Tie cables provide the interconnection between the panels Interbay panels and tie cables solve the problem of long patch cords and cross aisle patching DSX 1 Line up e IESU NET KE FS EET Eu EE EZ ERI S Long Patch Cord Tie Cables o EFT e e LS eeeeg gggggg g ge eee e ee eeee TERTII 1S AA KA x z 2a P 2 P di o o Le CHE Le eeegeeegegegggeegeggeggggg s S S m 2 H w o RIGHT Figure 8 Patch Panels
50. e flow of electrical current Equipment input load and the specified frequency determine the impedance for a given circuit Cable design and materials determine a transmission line s characteristic impedance Impedance matching between the source and load is critical for maximum transfer of the digital signal Standard line circuit impedance is 100 ohms at 772 kHz 1 5 4 Line Build Out Line build out LBO is intentionally attenuating the signal level based on overall cable length Different NE cable lengths mean signal levels through the DSX 1 would also vary but selectable LBO at an LBO pad at an NE makes all circuits show an equal level 3 0V 0 6V as measured at the DSX 1 Equal level at the DSX 1 is an important system performance parameter LBO can be manually controlled or controlled by software 1 6 Signal Characteristics Voice grade analog signals from telephone customers enter a digital terminal such as a channel bank The terminal produces a pulse code modulation PCM digital signal for each of the 24 channels at 64 kbps in a specified format The channel bank then multiplexes the channels onto a single T1 line at a rate of 1 544 Mbps Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 11 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 6 1 Digital Signal Rate Standards 1 6 1 1 DSO An individual time slot of 64 kbps on a DS1 signal 1 6 1 2 T1 or DS1 Signal Digitally multiplexed channel consis
51. e relay racks through the mounting ears This requires the use of paint breaking devices such as star washers to ensure electrical fault current paths In addition all equipment located within a bay should be properly grounded with a bonding jumper between the chassis ground terminals and the relay rack 2 8 4 Grounding Ground systems in an office environment are a very critical part of the equipment installation Proper grounding ensures personnel safety equipment protection and proper operation noise reduction and reliability There are two types of grounding methods which are used separately or in conjunction with each other Integrated Grounding Network IGN and Isolated Bonding Network IBN The IGN is the basic ground system that exists between the AC primary earth ground and all associated conductive parts of the building Refer to CBN CCITT recommendation K 27 GR 1089 CORE issue 2 Dec 1997 Section 9 2 1 The IBN is a dedicated single point ground system that is used in conjunction with isolated DS equipment frames IBN provides a selective fault current path within the ground system Refer to Isolated Bonding Network IBN CCITT recommendation K 27 GR 1089 CORE issue 2 Dec 1997 Section 9 2 2 The main difference between IBN and IGN is that no current flows in an IBN other than electrical noise currents and temporary short circuit fault currents During a frame fault current the IBN network allows a least resistance path
52. ect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Copper DSX 3 M13 MUX DSX 1 Channel Bank Switch Port DCS Fiber Optic DLC COT Frame Relay E EPI Router Channel Bank Switch Port StarDAX DLC COT Frame Relay Router ODF OC N Channel Bank Far End Switch Port Tx DCS Workin DLC COT Rx g Frame Relay Tx Router Rx Protect ODF Digital Radio DSX 3 M13 MUX DSX 1 Channel Bank Switch Port DCS Rx DLC Remote HI CAP Digital Radio DLC COT Digital loop carrier central office terminal ODF Optical distribution frame FOT Fiber optic terminal OC N Optical carrier number LEC Local exchange carrier Channel Bank CLEC Competitive local exchange carrier Switch Port HI CAP High capacity DCS HDSL High bit rate digital subscriber line DLC COT OTR Office terminating repeater Frame Relay MDF Main distribution frame Router Figure 16 Second Example of DSX 1 Signal Flow Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 A0 15 1 509 926 6000 telect com EIEC DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 7 1 Transmit and Receive Terminals and Ports These establish the path direction for the signals to be connected to the DSX 1 frame The in and out terminals of the DSX 1 are extensions of the network element NE in at the DSX 1 is the same as in at the NE the same is true for out The following illustration generically diagrams signal flow in a DSX 1 system Cross Connects Complete NE to NE Signal Path
53. ength not less than that of nylon 400 volts mil Use reliable frame to frame grounding connections to ensure good bonding between the dead metal parts Before making ground connections from the isolated frame to the ground window measure insulation resis tance Verify it is 100 mega ohms or greater 3 3 2 AC Power Installation AC circuits that are part of the DSX 1 frame must conform to all local electrical codes and to the latest issue of the National Electric Code Also consider these points AC power feeds must consist of a three wire conductor that provides a separate ground conductor A standard duplex AC receptacle must be provided every 412 feet of frame length or every third bay for test equipment portable lamps and other AC powered equipment AC receptacles should be contained in an approved junction box Connect the grounding terminal of AC receptacles to mounting hardware Do not use insulated ground type receptacles When grounding an AC circuit do not violate the rules of the IBN grounding system Run all AC conductors in jacketed flexible conduit for a secure and safe installation NOTE Do not use electrical devices such as drill motors that produce large amounts of electrical noise around the DSX 1 frame Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 40 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 3 3 Grounding and Bonding Guidelines An isolated 1 0 cable is normal for an
54. es in a line up can make it difficult to identify a cross connected circuit To identify a circuit quickly insert any jack plug into the MON port of that half of the circuit you already know Watch the tracer lamps both the circuit you know and the cross connected one will light up 4 2 Patching Patch cords temporarily reroute roll signals through the IN and OUT jack ports at the front of the DSX 1 module Service moves from one line to another without removing the original cross connection Patch the OUT port of the circuit to be temporarily disabled to the IN port of the new connection Then patch IN to OUT Having two people patch both ports simultaneously eliminates circuit downtime When removing the patch disconnect the new location first if you cannot remove the patches simultaneously The following figure shows a patching schematic TL Tk v i I BATT e BATT GND U y y GND Tracer Tracer MON MON M Cross Connects 2 _ _4_ qoUT E ai OUT F pal No x1 y Equipment A pA Equipment B n SLINE T EN Cross Connect TL Jumper Wire Or Patch BATT Cords y E GND Tracer SES OUT AX 4 Equipment C Figure 35 Example Patching Schematic Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 54 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 4 3 Retermination Retermination means
55. h Fiber Materlal 2 tote rh een nx EENS UER ER 44 9 4 6 2 Securing With NK IT 45 3 4 6 3 Nylon Cable Ties enne thnn nennen tense nnn sinet 45 ULBISSEDIHME E 45 9 416 5 Shrinic TUDING geeiert dee bases d dux eege d 45 B47 Cable TESNA E E 45 SO CIPI ee TE dee eeh eet ince 46 3 5 1 DC Power Panel Installation 5 incre ied tridente nana ce Un adn 46 Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO iv 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 5 2 DSX 1 Panel Installation ctr eere ien r rire re geesde Ee uu End 46 SENI neon 47 3 6 1 DSX 1 Circuit Assignments etn HERR tr Exo RO XERRReE EE casyeness 47 9 62 Conneectig re CHE E 48 E ENT Te E 48 OUR mEe cc 48 9 6 9 2 DSX 1 Paliel uui nei D rrt Zeenen Se deed Deene 48 3 6 4 Connecting DSX 1 Ports Wire Wrap ssssseeseseeneeeennn 48 3 6 4 1 Wire Wrap Workmanship essent 49 EXE AV ET e TOOIS E 49 3 6 4 3 Wire Wrap Criteria ssssssssssesseseeee eee 49 3 6 5 Wire Wrap dee E 51 3 6 6 Connecting DSX 1 Ports 64 Pin Telco Connector sssssssss 52 3 6 7 DSX 1 Cross Connect Terminations essen 52 le Eug a ee ee etae ederet tack Aa reor ee s aedi yere etr torte iod ers 54 4 2 Patch E 54 4 3 FteterminatiOD EE 55 Ee
56. h proper signal levels and matched impedance will not contribute to this effect 1 6 7 Signal Losses 1 6 7 1 Insertion Loss This is the total loss created by the terminal connections at the DSX 1 panel and the DSX 1 jack assembly at half line rate 772 KHz Insertion loss must be less than 0 5 dB 1 6 7 2 Line Loss The total signal loss between equipment terminations including all components of the DSX 1 frame in each direction of transmission should not exceed 6 dB at half line rate 772 KHz 1 6 7 3 Return Loss The sum of reflected losses at half line rate 772 kHz must be less than 26 dB measured at the output test port Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 13 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 7 Signal Paths This is an overview to give a sense of DSX 1 signal flow The following illustrations give a more specific example as you might see at a telecom network site From Network To Network From Network To Network Receive NETWORK In NETWORK Out ELEMENT ELEMENT 1 Receive OUT DSX 1 CROSS DSX 1 CROSS CONNECT y CONNECT OUT IN Terminal Terminal OUT XC Term OUT IN Terminal Terminal OUT Port MON OUT IN XC Term OUT Port MON Cross Connects Figure 15 Example of DSX 1 Signal Flow Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 14 1 509 926 6000 tel
57. hen slight or moderate pressure is applied to the head Locate the locking head in a position that does not interfere with other cables or equipment 3 4 6 4 Tape Use gray electrical tape that meets UL 94V 0 flammability ratings Do not use tape where it comes into contact with hot surfaces During application keep tape clean and apply it in even half lapped layers Overlap the last two layers and apply it without any tension before cutting loose from the tape roll 3 4 6 5 Shrink Tubing Shrink tubing must be UL 94V 0 with an oxygen index of 28 or greater Use rated size shrink tubing for recom mended wire size and the correct color for polarity identification When applying heat to shrink the tubing do not over heat the insulation of the material being covered 3 4 7 Cable Testing Wire wrapping terminations can be intensive in the amount of labor hours Before terminating cables test each wire pair for correct designation of Tip and Ring and for continuity Use the method described by the operating company guidelines or by the job specifications Repair any miswired terminations and retest Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 45 1 509 926 6000 telect com EIEC DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 5 Equipment 3 5 1 DC Power Panel Installation DC power installation must follow strict guidelines to meet safety requirements Points to remember Verify that all electrical components such as wire sizes lugs and
58. his rack carries power and plant cable to different zones within a facility It is supported from the floor Limit system racks to three per zone To make cable routing changes easier plan to layer cable in the rack no deeper than 6 inches 15 2 cm 2 3 1 2 Cross Aisle Rack This rack directs cable to line ups within the same zone and perhaps serves as an auxiliary for the system rack The bay supports the cross aisle rack with stand off devices Cable cascades down to it from the system rack Space these racks 5 ft 152 4 cm apart measured from the center and plan bay supports every 5 ft These racks should be reinforced with floor supports where lengths exceed 5 ft without bay support 2 3 1 3 Line up Rack This rack manages the cable that terminates in the line up The bay supports the rack with stand off devices Cable cascades down to it from the cross aisle rack Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 26 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Plan to offset rack location in the direction of the main tenance aisle so that cable has a straight drop to the top of the bay when it flows down from the inside edge of the rack to the line up NOTE Coming off the cable rack edge rather than dropping straight down from a rung in the rack gives less stress and bend to the cable 2 3 2 Floor Cabling Some sites route cables in spaces underneath floor panels bringing the cables up from th
59. ical bay includes fuse panel and DSX 1 equipment It could also include ring panels for horizontal wire management interbay patch panel cross aisle panel and miscellaneous jack field The fuse panel and any cross aisle panel go in the topmost rack unit RU spaces in the bay The system designer can arrange all remaining equipment in the bay in a manner that makes the most sense for the site and system plan 2 6 1 Interbay Patch Panels These panels can be located in a DSX 1 bay or in a maintenance bay Two panels are needed to complete a full patching circuit Panels should have a minimum of 28 circuits This provides the ability to patch the equivalent of a T3 circuit 2 6 2 Cross Aisle Panels These panels can be located in a DSX 1 bay or in a maintenance bay Two panels are needed to complete a full patching circuit A typical site could have about 25 of the circuit cross connects going to another line up Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 32 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 7 DSX 1 Panel Considerations 2 7 1 Jack Module Specifications Characteristic Insertion Loss Specification Insertion loss for DSX 1 jack contacts is lt 0 1 dB Resistance Contact resistance is lt 10 milliohms for metal surface contacts Open resistance is 10 megaohms Contact Wipe C type contact configuration which provides 0 005 to 0 008 inch of travel to the contact surfaces when closing
60. isle Hack 23A Line Up RACK EE Deele oreet fette detected ed xeu Uere Bee ea eap EROR et nee RN RUE 2 3 3 Routing Cable at the DSX 1 Frame sse 2 3 3 1 Cable Rings and Pathways eene nennen XC Tie Cabling EE 2 9 4 1 Direct Cabling D 234 2 Zoned Gablihg EE 24 DSX RACKS crests ess yaar wa Pate ce wae vance Snes va cares seen asda acid ears EE aide peesee ZA RICK Size EE ZI rs Uaec EE 2 5 Hack SPACING EE 2 5 2 Maintenance Bays nni titre teta take d decia ceo eU E uiae Gba ied dune Ed vU Egg adt 2 6 Bay Configuration ssssssssssssssssseeeeee nennen nens iendane iaid adaa 2 6 1 Interbay Patch Panels iac re tado re sd deii oda acc Atenas 2 6 2 Cross Aisle banels seen nre ten tenni innen 2 7 DSX 1 Panel Considerations 1er cinia ea cda eie dk Eed 2 7 1 Jack Module Gpechflcations enne 2 2 DSX 1 Jack Shields Er eb Rei Esou DESEN 2 1 3 Wire Wrap Terminations a ccce coercere AEAEE er rre o teo aeree 2 7 4 Connectorized Cable Terminations enn 2 8 DSX 1 El ctrical PIappImgas aoreet ende eere Feri coa EE Rt tee dp o Faces 2 8 DC ENEE eege deen Eege reese geed 2 8 ZAC POWET c Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 A0 iii 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series ele ln WEE 35 2 8 4 co ale ele WEE 35 2 8 5 Ground Window Master Ground Bar 35 2 8 5 IBN RoguiremeMS resser PP 36 e 36 ENNEN E Te 36 2 9
61. logies The DSX 1 frame must be able to interact with any other type of identical bit rate DSX 1 frame regardless of operation manual partially automated fully automated or location The DSX 1 network must address transmission levels between the DSX 1 frames transmission pathways total interconnection flexibility as well as the location and installation of the DSX 1 frames that make up the DSX 1 network DSX 1 systems can be installed in a new office environment or into an existing DSX 1 network environment For offices without a DSX 1 system the main design criteria depends on the physical restrictions of the office environment 2 1 1 Future Growth The ability of the DSX 1 frames and support systems to integrate growth without major rearrangement determines the long term success of the DSX 1 network Designing the DSX 1 system for future needs is a must when considering modular or incremental growth Growth can be greatly constrained by the existing office environment and current DSX 1 system installation 2 2 DSX 1 Zone A DSX 1 zone is an identifiable area within the site that is dedicated to DSX 1 line ups and the network element NE line ups that connect to them How to locate and arrange line ups depends on the equipment to be used and the cabling relationship between line ups and other zones 2 2 1 Floor Plan Use a floor plan to determine the best location for the DSX 1 frame in relation to the NEs Locate the frame within the
62. me Choice of one over the others is based on site needs and the nature of existing line ups 2 4 1 Rack Size and Style Rack widths are 19 48 3 cm or 23 B8 4cm Rack equipment is designated as accommodating one or both of these widths Rack height is typically 7 ft 213 4 cm but certain racks can be higher requiring ceiling heights greater than 10 ft Front and back rack flanges are equal in size on channel racks and unequal on relay racks Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 1 509 926 6000 telect com Cross Connect Wire Channel Channel Racks In Out Cable f Channel Overhead Supported Supported Figure 27 DSX 1 Racks Unequal Equal Flanges Flanges Figure 28 Flanges 30 Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Mounting hole spacing pattern in the rack conforms to either the EIA or WECO standard NOTE THE MOUNTING BRACKET C EXAMPLES SHOWN HERE ARE 1 Rack Flange RACK UNIT RU IN HEIGHT Mounting Holes WECO Telco EIA i A 2 High 1 75 High Equipment Equipment 1 WECO 1 EIA Space Space 1 RU 1 RU Y Y Mounting Bracket d Figure 29 Mounting hole Patterns Keep all racks in a DSX 1 frame the same height Do not mix rack styles problems can occur such as bad alignment and ancillary product mismatch Seismic rated racks are required for telecommunications equipment in earthquake zones 2 5
63. nectorized cables make it easy to install organize and test cable These types of terminations can inhibit the flexibility of equipment terminations at the DSX 1 frame but greatly decrease the amount of installation time Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 1 509 926 6000 telect com P Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 8 DSX 1 Electrical Planning 2 8 1 DC Power The DC distribution panel located at the top of each DSX 1 bay should have enough fuse positions to accommodate every piece of equipment that requires power from the bay Each position must have the proper fuse and wire rating for the equipment to be powered To determine the maximum input amperage needed to fully operate the equipment within a bay add the maxi mum load amperage for each piece of equipment Refer to Telect s Secondary DC Distribution Reference Guide part number 118101 Contact Telect for a copy When combining a DC electrical circuit with an IBN take care to not violate the grounding design NOTE Based on information from the National Electric Code and such agencies as Underwriters Laboratories Telect recommends that panels or shelves be individually fused not daisy chained or paralleled to a single fuse distribution point If the equipment is paralleled the maximum fuse size that can be used is the smallest value determined by a single panel 2 8 2 AC Power AC power feeds must consist of a three wire conductor with one of
64. nes Asingle bay should not exceed 120W ft 2 1 72 kg cal min per ft 2 You may have to decrease the amount of equipment in a bay if anticipated heat dissipation exceeds the specification To determine heat dissipation in BTUs for the planned equipment divide the estimated heat release for the entire bay by the same square footage you determined for floor loading in the previous subsection To calculate total BTUs BTUs watt hours x 3 4126 watt hours It x Vplant 0 005 1 where It constant current pulled by load Vplant plant voltage typically 52 54V 0 005 0 5 of total power dissipated by load 1 total watts consumed by DSX 1 panel with 84 LEDs Example watt hours 1A x 53 0 005 1 watt hours 53 x 0 005 1 1 265 where 1A total amperage if all LEDs were lit at same time 53 53 Vdc plant voltage 0 005 actual watt hours half of calculated value BTUs 1 265 x 3 4126 4 3 2 2 7 Environment Temperature 0 to 50 C 32 to 122 F Relative humidity 5 95 noncondensing Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 24 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 3 Planning Cable Traffic Effective cable management is crucial to a well organized zone DSX 1 frames should consist of DSX bay equipment that meet the same physical cabling format Cable distances should be as short as possible yet cable traffic must be designed to avoid congestion mixed cable t
65. nnected first and vice ver sa for cables entering from the bottom Gather cables into 1 inch square bundles securing them by the method described in the job specifications Avoid twists and rolls within the bundles Layer the cables inside the entire width of the vertical riser of the bay and stack the cable bundles on top of each other in a neat uniform manner Secure cables to the vertical risers using standard securing methods See the subsection Securing Methods on page 44 Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 43 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 4 4 Cable Butting Cable butting is the removal of the sheath from the end of multipair cables to allow the wire pairs the freedom and flexibility to route to the NE and DSX 1 panel wire wrap terminations 3 4 4 1 NE Location The shield surrounding the cable pairs should come within 172 inches if possible to the ground termination point for the drain wire This may affect where you butt the cable at the NE end 3 4 4 2 DSX 1 Panel Location The butt can either be at the entry point to the bay or at the point in the vertical cable ring path where the wire pairs route to DSX 1 panel 3 4 4 3 General Procedure Cutthe sheath carefully to prevent damage to the wire pairs encased in the sheath Use a proper stripping tool Paladin AM 1 1820 is common to the industry At the DSX 1 end only strip away the shield and snip off
66. noise Shield grounding at one end preferably the network element NE prevents incidental ground loops that can carry fault currents within a given frame 2 9 3 Plenum Cable This cable is made with slow burning and low smoke materials specifically fluoropolymers It is run in plenum air spaces such as cable troughs and racks or above ceiling tiles Plenum cables are a common requirement in installations refer to the local electrical codes Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 36 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 9 4 Cross Connects Standard cross connect wire comes in nonjacketed 24 gauge 5 wire tinned twisted pair conductors two twisted wire pairs for each direction of transmission and a single wire for the tracer lamp circuit Cross connect wire comes in various wire colors for circuit identifications 2 9 5 Patch Cords Bantam style jacks are standard in the telecommunications industry 2 9 6 Cable Lengths The following standard cable lengths have been determined to minimize crosstalk and help ensure adequate signal strength to the digital equipment The cable between a DSX 1 and a NE must be 22 AWG ABAM or Level 2 type Maximum distance is 655 ft 199 6m Cross connects between DSX 1 s this includes cross aisle circuits must be 24 AWG 5 conductor wire Maximum distance is 85 ft 25 9m The maximum distance from NE to DSX 1 cross connected to another DS
67. nt between bays or line ups Each DSX 1 circuit patches to the nearest interbay patch panel The two panels connect by tie cable Interbay Interbay NE1 DSX 1 Patch Patch DSX 1 NE2 a OUT OUT os IN x IN B IN Patch Cords Tie Cables Patch Cords NOTE ONE CROSS CONNECT AT EITHER DSX 1 Figure 19 Interbay Patch Panels 1 7 4 Cross Aisle Panels These panels help maintain proper jumper wire management by serving as an intermediate terminal point between line ups Each DSX 1 circuit cross connects to the nearest cross aisle panel The two panels connect by straight through tie cable arranged in cable management hardware The following illustration shows the two options for half of the signal path cross connection is made at one DSX Cross Cross NE1 DSX 1 Aisle Aisle DSX 1 NE1 UT OU SOT er EM IN IN own IN Tie Cables Optional Paths choose one not both Figure 20 Options for Signal Path Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 A0 19 1 509 926 6000 telect com EIEC DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series This page intentionally left blank Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 20 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Chapter 2 DSX 1 System Design 2 1 General Considerations The DSX 1 network should be flexible and able to handle present and future needs The DSX 1 system must interface with different DSX 1 frames and techno
68. oring Hard to add on or rearrange affecting circuit integrity Possibly difficult circuit back up in case of failure possibly lengthy service down time Terminating digital network equipment at a DSX 1 has these advantages over hard wired arrangements The DSX 1 can handle a large number of terminations in a nonblocking arrangement Network equipment can be handled or coordinated efficiently in spite of location at the site Grooming adding removing rearranging circuit connections is easier Fast service recovery and alternate routing are possible in case of NE failure The DSX 1 provides quick access to circuits for testing and monitoring intrusive or nonintrusive Circuits can be rolled with minimal interruption of circuit integrity LEDs give visual indication of completed cross connects Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 1 1 509 926 6000 telect com lelect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Circuit Cross Over Monitor Test and Patch 1 GENERIC ILLUSTRATION 2 CABLE MANAGEMENT NOT SHOWN Figure 1 Visual example of DSX 1 functionality 1 3 Definitions Digital Signal DS One of several transmission rates in the time division multiplex hierarchy DS1 T1 The digital signal rate of 1 544 Mbps accommodating 24 voice channels This is the signal rate handled by DSX 1 equipment DS Equipment System NEs not including DSX 1 panels DSX 1 Panel The individual cross connect panel or
69. r the cable runs Before running cables tape the unterminated ends Label the cables according to the accepted practice of the operating company See also the following subsection Divide and bundle the cables into in and out groups Route these groups to the frame in different pathways if possible The vertical risers on each side of the bay should contain only one of the groups Space power wires 4 inches 10 2 cm away from signal wires Signal wires need no spacing between themselves Avoid routing different digital signal rates on a particular DSX frame Secure cables temporarily when laying them in the racks This illustration shows the maximum bending radius for different types of cable measured on the inner side of the bend When forming power cable into turns or bends avoid damaging the cable sheathing Review the operating company s regulations on securing methods Permanently secure cables in a way as to not allow opposing force to the terminals 5x Armored rh 7x Bay Wires Type CM General purpose communications dii cables 12x Power Type CMP Plenum cable Type CMR Cable that can be installed in vertical risers located in multistory buildings Figure 31 Maximum Bending Radius Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 42 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 4 1 2 Cable Coding Refer to the latest issue of the National Electric Code Articles 400
70. rrectlON BSZS EE 16 6 Signal eler eee W See EE 16 6 2 Jitter eege ebe fe eu n el H E 1pG 2Umneloss nnn nn nn rn a n nini n ne ene enne sensn enses 1 6 7 9 Return RE ele REI PALS EE 1 7 1 Transmit and Receive Terminals and Porte VL MGA pand RINO ME Ved He Be EE el LE EE M la E EE Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO ii 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 7 1 4 Cross Connect Wiresilumpers eene nnne 1 7 1 5 Cross Connect Paibways enne nennen VfB Tracer Lam PS iei Dee edid eerte ek ahud pd e ddr dme a eacus T72 DSX Ee Le ums Mel Diren ele le H ele e Le POM E 1 7 9 Interbay Patch Panels etre ene AAEE EESE Peres 1 74 CrosssAisle EE 2 4 General Consideration Siess cot peior aset peti P aic eset Utere tun fd ues ane M E FE PPS OA e 2 2 I TOON Plans rodea ose ae iic levet wet uu ende A RUP cca eU SPERA 2 2 2 Vertical Space Allocation ien cic ta caeteros eie dia dienes Ee EE 2 2 4 Floor Kore to le EE E edel oec eo NI LU CE d 2 2 5 1 19 Bay isset a bee ROI II Esser eR IURE ade uu eres 2 2 5 2 29 Bay oir ien oerte cendo sedes vm pius 2 2 6 Heat DISSIDAtlON ii ooo Ir rro E dime Er ERREUR RR SR Dee aen Du RE UR DX RE RR HB sues 2 27 uq bites 2 9 Planning Cable Ve EE 2 91 1 System Hace coda pte petot Er uoo vete te peint o ee iru itn EEE cas eus 2 3 1 2 Cross A
71. ry zeros are represented by signals of zero amplitude 1 BPV BIPOLAR 0 volts Proper Format VIOLATION An occurrence of two or more adjacent pulses of identical polarity is a bipolar violation BPV Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 12 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 1 6 5 Signal Correction B8ZS An excessive amount of zeroes 15 or more in the T1 data bit stream can cause loss of the system s timing synchronization The bipolar 8 zero substitution B8ZS coding scheme replaces each block of eight consecutive zeros with a code word also eight bits long that intentionally inserts two BPVs This scheme transmits enough ones to maintain timing yet the BPVs alert the system that the code word byte is not genuine data Lead Pulse BPV SM wy V V 0 00 0 000 0 V St BPV BPV Lead Pulse Code Word Figure 14 Signal Correction 1 6 6 Signal Problems 1 6 6 1 Crosstalk Crosstalk is the unwanted coupling of a signal from one circuit to an adjacent signal on a separate circuit The result is the faint speech or tone heard in one disturbed circuit coming from the adjacent disturbing circuit To minimize the effect of crosstalk DSX 1 networks are designed so that a disturbing signal is at least 60 dB below the desired signal 1 6 6 2 Jitter Jitter is a variation or oscillation of pulse spacing in an otherwise regular digital signal A DSX 1 frame wit
72. s typically hold jumpers that run on horizontal pathways a bridge ring panel is used for horizontal travel across spacers in multiple rack line ups Vertical ring assemblies manage cable for jumpers running up or down the DSX 1 bay Pathways cannot interfere or obstruct access to apparatus terminations or designation markings The pathway must permit inspection and maintenance of the existing terminations and not interfere with the addition of new terminations A pin ring or other wire retaining device must be provided at each point where the jumper pathway bends or turns At points where the jumpers come in contact with shelf or bay edges the contact point must be covered with a durable insulation material of at least a 1000 megaohms 2 3 4 Tie Cabling NOTE WIRE WRAP PIN FIELD SIMPLIFIED FOR CLARITY Figure 25 Cable Rings and Pathways Tie cables route above the line ups in a cable rack system They solve the problem of long patch cords across the face of the frame long cross connect jumpers or cords jumpers that would otherwise have to stretch across aisles blocking human traffic They do not extend the 85 ft length limit rather their use and length must be considered within the limit Cross aisle tie cabling follows one of two schemes the one you choose depends on site complexity telco standards of the site and possibly equipment manufacturer specifications for use 2 3 4 1 Direct Cabling The DSX 1
73. th the engineered levels and use them as benchmarks for all future measurements For 100 ohm terminations all signals coming into a DSX 1 frame are 3V base to peak 0 6V The pulse imbalance is less than 0 5 dB between the total power of the positive pulses and the negative pulses Measure these signal levels at the output test ports of the DSX 1 equipment 4 5 6 Pulse Shape Measure pulse shape according to the procedures specified in ANSI T1 102 4 5 7 Loss 4 5 7 1 Insertion This should measure less than 0 2 dB at 50 kHz to 3 MHz 4 5 7 2 Return This should measure 26 dB at 722 kHz 4 5 7 3 Cross Talk Coupling This should measure less than 60 dB at 722 kHz 4 5 8 Maintenance Lines These are lines not normally in service but available for maintenance activities There is no electrical distinction between a maintenance line and any other line within the DSX 1 frame Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 57 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series This page intentionally left blank Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 58 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Chapter 5 Europe E1 Systems An Overview 5 1 Signal Characteristics 5 1 1 Signal Rate 5 1 1 1 EO An individual time slot of 64 kbps on an E1 signal 5 1 1 2 E1 Digitally multiplexed channel consisting of 32 EOs numbered 0 through 31 Data transmission rate is 2 04
74. the conductors providing ground Space for AC electrical receptacles and associated wiring must be provided at the base of each DSX 1 bay One standard duplex AC receptacle must be provided every 41 2 feet 137 2 cm of frame length or every third bay for AC powered equipment AC receptacles must have the grounding terminal connected to mounting hardware Do not use insulated terminal receptacles AC receptacles should be properly installed and contained in an approved junction box Plan to run all AC conductors in jacketed flexible conduit for a secure and safe installation When combining an AC electrical circuit with an IBN take care to not violate the grounding design AC electrical circuits installed as part of the DSX 1 frame must conform to all local electrical codes and to the latest issue of the National Electric Code NOTE Electrical devices such as AC drill motors that produce large amounts of electrical noise should not be used around the DSX 1 frame Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 34 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 2 8 3 Bonding Bonding ensures that all dead metal parts are electrically connected with less than 0 1 ohm resistance between the grounding lug and the dead metal Use special bonding screws that ensure electrical conductivity between the dead metal parts All subsystems such as panels and other DS equipment located within a bay should be bonded to th
75. the direction and location of cables and jumper wires Pathways cannot interfere with or obstruct access to apparatus existing or new terminations or designation markings Pathways must permit inspection repair and maintenance of terminations Keep the following points in mind Install cable racks uniformly to allow even cable dispersal from the racks to the equipment Provide a pin ring or other wire retaining device at each point where a jumper pathway bends or turns At points where jumpers come in contact with shelf or bay edges cover the contact point with a durable insu lation material of at least a 1000 megaohms Provide pathways for both the intra and interbay jumpers Clearly define all cable pathways between the NEs and the DSX 1 frame with adequate space for future cabling needs DSX 1 chassis typically have cable management assemblies built in for I O cables and cross connect wires Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 39 1 509 926 6000 telect com Elect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 3 3 Power Grounding 3 3 1 Isolated Bonding Network Note the following points Insulate all DSX 1 frames that are part of the isolated bonding network shown in the site plan from the common bonding network Typical fastening points that require insulation include anchor bolts bottom of bays superstructure supports lighting fixtures and other hardware The insulating material must have a dielectric str
76. the drain wire at the point of the cut Protect both butted locations NE and DSX 1 with two half lapped layers of UL rated gray electrical tape or with shrink tubing that extends 1 inch above and below the cut point 3 4 5 Cable Management at the DSX 1 Panel Typically this is accomplished with troughs trays tie down bars and fanning strips 3 4 5 1 Cable Service Loops Provide 6 inches 15 2 cm of slack service loop at the tie down bar of the DSX 1 panel for wire wrap terminations The loop allows a bit of extra cable in case the wires require retermination for reinstallation maintenance or service If your application calls for cable that is connectorized at both ends allow extra slack for storage in the overhead cable rack area 3 4 6 Securing Methods While these methods vary throughout the industry twine or nylon ties are typical If this install expands an existing site follow the method in use NOTE Avoid securing cables in a manner or with excessive tension that deforms the structure of the cable This is critical to cable performance 3 4 6 1 Protecting with Fiber Material If cables are not clearly identifiable as textile jacketed use fiber paper wrap that is a minimum of 1 32 thick to buffer these cables from contact with cable brackets cable ties and twine In general sheet fiber or insulating materials should be used anywhere that cables Turn off the rack Are close to the rack retaining brackets
77. ting of 24 DS0s numbered 1 through 24 Data transmission rate is 1 544 Mbps 1 6 2 Signal Frames and Format Standards A frame is a digital signal unit containing a segment of the information coming from all 24 voice channels Frames are 193 bits long with 1 bit for framing overhead and a 1 byte block of information from each of the 24 channels 192 bits total T1 transmits 8 000 frames per second resulting in the 1 544 Mbps specification There are two major frame format standards for T1 transmissions D4 Super Frame and Extended Super Frame ESF 1 6 2 1 Super Frame D4 D4 has a 12 frame structure The first bit in each frame is the framing bit which identifies the channel and the signaling frame 1 6 2 2 ESF ESF extends the D4 12 frame structure to 24 frames Framing bits may be used for framing error detection or network control information This format permits higher levels of error checking and maintenance within the T1 DS1 signal 1 6 3 Signal Shaping For 100 ohm terminations all signals coming into a DSX 1 frame are 3V base to peak 0 6V The pulse imbalance is less than 0 5 dB between the total power of the positive pulses and the negative pulses 1 6 4 Alternate Mark Inversion T1 signaling uses alternate mark inversion AMI a line code 1 1 BPV that represents binary ones by signals that alternate ev between positive and negative polarity and are of equal 0 0 _y 0 0 0 amplitude Bina
78. to impulse noise except hits have a longer duration A gain hit lasts longer than 4 milliseconds Phase hits are rapid changes of signal phase of more than 10 degrees Phase hits cause unex pected data as the analog signal is modulated for transmission 4 5 1 6 Burst Errors These are pulse code modulation PCM errors that occur in bursts They can be caused by transients cross talk physical jarring of fiber connections mode jumps in optical transmitters maintenance activity etc These can be monitored in service as out of frame errors or CRCs extended super frame ESF only 4 5 1 7 Bit Errors The bit error rate BER is the percentage of bits that have errors relative to the total number of bits received in a transmission usually expressed as 10 to a negative power For example a transmission might have a BER of 10 This means that out of 1 000 000 transmitted 1 bit was in error Use a bit error rate test BERT to detect burst and bit errors 4 5 3 Monitoring The monitor jack contacts have two 432 ohm resistors one in series with the Tip conductor and one in series with the Ring conductor of the DSX 1 output jack The monitor signal level should measure about 20 dB from the signal level at the DSX 1 output jack using the same test configuration Through monitoring you can discover the type and frequency of hits or errors voice or data deg radation from faults or connection anomalies Bit error rate BER
79. y clock frequency differences clock output phase variation transmission path delay or from bit stuffing as a T1 signal processes to higher multiplexers 4 5 1 2 Controlled Frame Slips This is the overflow repeating or underflow deleting of all 192 data bits in a framed buffer 8 bits per channel Subscribers may hear a popping or clicking sound for each controlled slip on their voice circuit This slip can be caused by frequency departure or by network elements that are not properly loop timed but usually not by periodic jitter or wander Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 55 1 509 926 6000 telect com Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series 4 5 1 3 Uncontrolled Slips These are caused by excessive jitter or wander or both at the T1 inputs to asynchronous multiplexers and other devices that use unframed buffers They are not caused by clock frequency differences or network elements that are not properly loop timed Uncontrolled slips are 40 times more severe than controlled slips because they cause a change of frame alignment COFA shift that can result in thousands of bit errors 4 5 1 4 Impulse Noise This is a sudden change in signal level measured in milliseconds It is caused by e relay and switch activity as subscribers initiate and terminate calls installation and maintenance work on telephone networks electromagnetic interference from lightning 4 5 1 5 Hits Hits transients are similar
80. ypes and blocking of vents lights or fire safety devices f possible do not route cable through zones in which it does not terminate Equipment that must connect between floors may need to be located close to cable holes in ceiling and or floor High density DSX 1 panels can require up to three times the cable capacity as standard DSX 1 panels See page 36 for a discussion of cable characteristics and specifications Telect Inc All Rights Reserved 119020 1 AO 25 1 509 926 6000 telect com Off rack overhead E Vertical e Rings OR E 2 Ring Panel s or Cable Trough Bay Rear View for rear I O Figure 22 Cable management Telect DSX 1 Copper DS1 Series Figure 22 Cable management These ladder like units route and supply cable to the bays from overhead 3 System Cable Racks Up to 1 ft 30 5 cm clearance d Z between cable racks up to 1ft yn te clearance between bay and 7 e 4 Line up line up cable rack FA e 7 Z77 i Cable Racks FF Lex LY w 2 Cross Aisle Cable Racks Cable flows between the cable racks over tran System Rack sition components Cross Aisle Rack zm Line up Rack Cable Rack Widths 1 12 18 in 30 5 45 7 cm End 2 18 in 45 7 cm max ES PA 8 12 in 30 5 cm max Line ups Line up Ed L Figure 23 Cable Racks 2 3 1 1 System Rack T

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