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RASM77 V.5.10 User`s Manual

1. 51 Table A 2 List of Assembly Errors 52 Table List of Warning Messages 58 Table B 1 Allowed Logical Instructions 72 Table 0 1 Symbols for Instruction List 106 Table D 2 Instructions xd 108 Table E 1 Addressing Mode Table 128 1 v 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 1 RASM77 User s Manual Organization The RASM77 Operation Manual consists of the following chapters Chapter 2 Overview Describes the basic functions of the RASM77 relocatable assembler and the files created by RASM77 Chapter 3 Source Program Coding Method Describes the structure of assembly language source programs that are processed by RASM77 e Chapter 4 Instruction Coding Method Explains how to code 7700 Family instructions that can be used by RASM77 Chapter 5 Pseudo Instruction Coding Method Describes functions of and explains how to code the pseudo instructions provided by RASM77 Chapter 6 Macro Instruction Describes the macro instructions available with RASM77 Chapter 7 Operation Explains how to input RASM77 commands Ap
2. BSS section Unitialized static variable area 01 C Or TOW Jo DG Q PO S ECTION BSS UB BSSTOP 000000 55 000000 WORK1 000001 1H BYTE WORK2 000002 2H BYTE WORK3 HEAP section Area used by memory handling functions such as malloc 000000 000000 1000H BYTE EAP A BLKB 100 35 36 d STACK section 37 stack area 38 39 SECTION STACK 40 PUB STKTOP 41 000000 1000H BYTE BLKB 1000H 42 001000 STKTOP Figure 2 1 PRN File Example Beginning of Source File 1 6 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 3 Structure of PRN File PAGE PROGRAM section Program area SECTION PROGRAM EXT MAIN DPEX DPPAGE1 WK1 WK2 DTEX DTPAGE1 TBL1 TBL2 PUB _INIT D I D DATA 16 INDEX 16 P OFFSET DPPAGE Indicates external label reference E BANK DTPAGE1 _INIT C2FF CLP 0FFH A90010 P LDA A STKI T Indicates public label reference 1B TAS A90000 LDA 5171 20000 LDX OFFSE A00000 1 5 Figure 2 2 File Example Middle of Source File 1 7 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW 00 540000 MVN BANK CONSTOP BANK DATATOP 012 AD0000 LDA A DT TBL1 015 42AD0000 LDA B TBL2 T Indicates optimizatio 019 A2000
3. 000000 000001 Jo D CUL N DG Q N ES D 000000 000000 2400010011 L 000005 00000A 00000D 00000F 000012 340002000A A90000 8500 A90000 8501 T Indicates reference to string definition symbol if 10 L WORK1 11 0 1 WORK2 12 0 2 endif cline 4203 next 2 LDA STA cline LDA STA 13 1 14 endfunc end DP FLAG 1 00002 1 1 0 _sample_2 Figure 2 7 PRN File Example Structured Preprocessor Section 1 11 434 NESAS Renesas Technology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW 2 4 Structure of TAG File Figure 2 6 shows a sample of a TAG file A TAG file contains the following information 1 Source information For each occurrence of error or warning list line number location object code and source file contents are specified 2 information each occurrence of error warning identified source information line number within the file sequential line number error number and error message are speci fied The TAG file should be printed and referenced when correcting errors with an editor BCC LOOP2 18 Relative jump is out of range LDA A data 20 Reference to undefined label or symbol data BRA TES
4. IF FLAG Assembles lines through ELSE if FLAG is true ELSE Assembles lines through ENDIF if FLAG is false ENDIF 2 ADD MACRO OP1 0P2 0P3 IF Assemble through ELSE if argument exists ADC OP1 0P2 0P3 ELSE ADC OP1 0P2 ENDIF 1 73 1 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS INCLUDE Include a file Format A INCLUDE file name Description Includes the file specified by the operand where this pseudo instruction is specified The full filename must be specified for file name This pseudo instruction may be nested up to 9 levels nesting level is output on the print file Example INCLUDE TEST INC Include contents of TEST INC file INDEX Declare index register length default is 16 Format A INDEX expression Description Declares the length 8 or 16 of CPU internal index register length is 8 bit if value of expression is 8 16 bit if value of expression is 16 The new index register length must be declared with this pseudo instruction when changing the index register length selection flag with the CLP X or SEP X instruction Index register length can be specified by adding the prefix or W to op code If the length specified by op code differs from that specified by this pseudo instruction the program is assembled using the op code speci
5. 1 J 59 B 2 Pseudo In str Cti nS pi VERON a EE 59 Debugging Pseudo Instructions 83 B 4 Reserved Pseudo Instructions 87 Appendix C Macro Instructions C 1 Conventions 93 C 2 Macro Instructions 93 Appendix D Instruction Set DI assises E 105 D 2 Instruction Set bean duca asia 107 Appendix Instruction Addressing Mode 1 Instruction by Addressing Mode J 121 E 2 Addressing Mode Relationship Table 128 Selection of Addressing Mode 129 t iii Z N SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 1 iv List of Figures Figure 2 1 PRN File Example Beginning of Source File 6 Figure 2 2 PRN File Example Middle of Source File 7 Figure 2 3 PRN File Example End of Source File 8 Figure 2 4 PRN File Example Assembly Information 8
6. 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 4 Reserved Pseudo Instructions B 4 Reserved Pseudo Instructions The pseudo instructions described below are reserved for future expansion of RASM77 These pseudo instructions even if specified will not affect assembly Note Note that if only one of a combination of two pseudo instructions ENDIO PROCINT ENDPROC PROCMAIN PROCSUB ENDPROC or is written or a combination of two pseudo instructions is written in an incorrect sequence RASM77 generates an assemble error 1 87 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS ENDIO Declares end of UO area Reserved Format A ENDIO Description Declares the end of an area e Labels and symbols that are specified between UO and ENDIO are interpreted as an UO area Example IO porto EQU OOH portl EQU 01 ENDIO ENDPROC Declares end of program module Reserved Format A ENDPROC Description Declares the end of a main program module a sub program module or an interrupt handler module lines between PROCINT PROCMAIN or PROCSUB and ENDPROC are interpreted as one program module Example PROCMAIN MAIN JMP MAIN ENDPROC 1 88 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp BA Reserved Pseudo Instructions ENDRAM Declares end of RAM area Reserved Format A ENDRAM Description Declar
7. 14 Figure 3 6 Help Screen When There is a Command Line Error 15 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp List of Table Table 3 1 List of Command Parameters 9 Table 3 2 List of Error Levels isviner Eb DERI 16 Table A 1 List of System Error Messages 18 Table A 2 Librarian Error Messages 19 4 iii s t SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 1 Organization of LIB77 Operation Manual The LIB77 Operation Manual consists of the following chapters Chapter 2 Overview Describes the basic functions of the LIB77 librarian and the files created by LIB77 Chapter 3 Operation Explains how to input LIB77 commands Appendix A Error Messages Lists the messages output by LIB77 along with explanation of the errors and the actions to be taken 4 1 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW CHAPTER 2 Overview The LIB77 librarian is a software product for managing the relocatable files created by RASM77 in the library format By placing frequently used subroutines in a library assembly time can be reduced and reuse of routines can be promoted 2 1 Functions LIB77 can be used along with LINK77 To maximize the utility of these software products LIB77 offers the following functions 1 Creates and corrects library f
8. E cu 7 Table A 1 List of System Error 8 Table A 2 Cross reference Error Message 9 5 iii s t SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 1 Organization of 77 Operation Manual The CRF77 Operation Manual consists of the following chapters Chapter 2 Overview Describes the basic functions of the CRF77 and the files created by CRF77 Chapter 3 Operation Explains how to input CRF77 commands Appendix A Error Messages Lists the messages output by CRF77 along with explanation of the errors and the actions to be taken 5 1 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW CHAPTER 2 Overview CRF77 creates a cross reference list of labels and symbols in source files This listing makes it easy to see the relations between various sections of a program when debugging 2 1 Functions CRF77 facilitates the understanding of source files with the following functions 1 Shows the type of label referencing instruction in the reference line number column 2 Caninclude files with the pseudo instruction INCLUDE 3 Can output a header line by the pseudo instruction PAGE 2 2 Files Created CRF77 creates the following file 1 Cross reference file hereafter referred to as CRF file Contains a cross reference listing of label and symbol names There are 80 columns per line fixe
9. 0 BIT A5 bitO bitO workl Set carry flag Set A register Set memory bit Set memory bit Transfer Transfer Transfer WORK1 to 10 to 2 55 to 0 bit 5 to 1 specified by 160 to 0 specified bitO to 1 the content of register Y to register X the memory specified by WORK the content of memory specified by memory specified by WORK 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS B 3 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Syntax Diagram The syntax of structured instructions available with PRE77 is shown in the form of diagrams The following terms are used in the proceeding descriptions Variable A generic term for memory variable memory bit variable register variable register bit variable and flag variable 1 Memory variables Any memory or stack that is referenced in each 7700 Family addressing mode They must be enclosed in or when coding ZZ Direct ZZ X Direct X ZZ Y Direct Y ZZ Direct indirect ZZ X Direct indirect X ZZ Y Direct indirect Y HHLL Absolute HHLL X Absolute X HHLL Y Absolute Y HHMMLL Absolute long HHMMLL X Absolute long X nn S Stack nn S Y Stack pointer relative indirect Y 2 Memory bit variable Any bit referenced in 7700 Family bit addressing mode It must be enclosed in or when coding However this variable must be defined prior to its referen
10. 5 5 NOP END After Macro Expansion TIME5 5 END 5 ENDM 1 100 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Macro Instructions ENDM Defines REPEATC macro Format A label A REPEATC dummy argument actual argument Description e Repeats assembly of statements up to ENDM for the number of times specified with the actual argument One character is extracted from actual argument and passed to the dummy argument each time label of the REPEATC instruction is assigned as the label of the first generated line Assembly language instructions user macros system macros and pseudo instructions other than INCLUDE can be coded between REPEATC and ENDM Ifthe character string contains special characters such as space tab comma the entire string must be enclosed in double quotes In this case the string with the quotes removed is used Nesting is allowed up to 20 levels 1 101 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX MACRO INSTRUCTIONS Example Example 1 Source Code Example DATA VAL ABCDE T T Dummy argument Actual argument BYTE VAL END After Macro Expansion DATA REPEATC VAL ABCDE BYTE VAL END
11. 5 77 W now processing pass 2 5 77 025 LOOP2 115 TOTAL LINE 115 Error 18 Relative jump is out of range F031 EAEAEA LDA A data 127 TOTAL LINE 127 Error 20 Reference to undefined label or symbol data F42B BRA EST2 55 TOTAL LINE Error 20 Reference to undefined label or symbol TE F4FC EAEAEAEAEAF DA A work x data set 593 TO Error 23 format error ERROR COUNT 00004 0004H WARNING COUNT 00000 E 0 TOTAL LINE 00994 E2H WORK 00000010 00000AH DATA 00000053 000035H PROG 00001938 000792H COMMENT LINE 00247 ee gt Figure 7 4 Error Display Example 1 48 2 1 Renesas Technology Corp 7 5 Environment Variables 7 4 2 Return Values to OS When using an OS batch execution file there are times when it is desirable to modify processing according to results of execution RASM77 returns one of four error level values to OS depending on the result of execution as summarized in Table 7 2 For explanation of how to utilize these error level return values refer to an OS reference guide Table 7 2 Listing of Error Levels Error level Execution result 0 Normal termination Assem
12. RENESAS as Technology Corp Table of Contents Chapter 1 Organization of PRE77 Operation Manual Chapter 2 Overview 2 1 Function J U u J 2 2 2 Files Created u 2 Chapter 3 Source Program Coding Method 3 1 Structure of Source Program 6 2 BI Formals E SD 7 32 1 Instruction ne E 7 3 2 2 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Line 7 3 2 3 Pseudo Instruction 8 3 2 4 Macro Instruction Une 8 3 2 5 Comment LINE b E 8 3 3 Field Coding Method connus toni a adn geng 8 3 3 1 Symbol Label Field AANEREN 8 3 3 2 Op code Pseudo Instruction 9 Ee ele WEE 9 334 eege E KEE 9 3 4 Operand Field Coding Method 10 3 4 1 el EE 10 Chapter 4 Structured Preprocessor Instructions 4 1 Function of Structured Instructions 12 4 2 Statement Types 12 4 3 Coding Rules ER 14 4 4 Operators in Structured Instruction 19 4 5 Structured Ins
13. The name of the HEX file is specified on the command line The extension may be omitted However an error will occur if there is no file with the extension HEX or there are more than one file with the same filename The output file name is formed by appending the extension S2 to the input file name The output file name cannot be specified output file consists of Motorola S format S2 data records and S9 end record Following is an example of starting HEXTOS2 EXTOS2 sample hex RET MOTOROLA S2 RECORD GENERATION UTILITY V 2 00 00C Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDACTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All Rights Reserved Complete 3 24 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp LIBRARIAN 7700 FAMILY LIB77 OPERATION MANUAL RENESAS as Technology Corp Table of Contents Chapter 1 Organization of LIB77 Operation Manual Chapter 2 Overview 2 V TE 2 2 Features c ERR 2 3 Files Created J 2 4 Organization of LST File a i Chapter 3 Operation 3 1 Starting ET e E 3 2 Input Parameters _ u 3 2 T library FIG MAING m ass t nc eg n 3 2 2 Relocatable Filename 3 2 3 Command Parameters LULU Lu ua enne 3 2 4 Deta
14. A gt LIB77 lt RET gt 7700 Family LIBRARY MANAGER V 2 00 10 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All right reserved Usage A gt LIB77 ardxluv o filename f filename library file name relocatable file names append command replace command delete command extract command listout command update check option verbose option Figure 3 6 Help Screen When There is a Command Line Error When LIB77 detects an error it outputs error information to the screen The information should be checked against the error message list in Appendix A and appropriate action must be taken 4 15 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 OPERATION 3 4 2 Return Values to OS When using an OS batch execution file there are times when it is desirable to modify processing according to results of execution LIB77 returns one of four error level return values to OS depend ing on the result of execution as summarized in Table3 2 For explanation of how to utilize these error level values refer to an OS reference guide Table 3 2 List of Error Levels Error level Execution result 0 Normal termination 1 Error in contents of library file or relocatable files being processed 2 LIB77 Command input error 3 OS error 3 5 Environment Variables LIB77 uses the following environment variables 1 TMP77 This
15. BBC BBS BBC stimm hhll rr BBC imm d ihhll rr 1 127 2a Q NE S AS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX E INSTRUCTION SETS ADDRESSING MODE E 2 Addressing Mode Relationship Table Table E 1 shows the addressing mode selected by the assembler according to the data specified in the operand and the error messages output by the assembler when an invalid data combination is specified Refer to this table when programming The following symbols are used in the tables Checks the scope of address The specified addressing mode is selected unconditionally Page boundary is checked The maximum addressing mode allowed for the instruction is used Error 27 Page error is output Error 22 Value is out of range is output The vertical column shows the addressing mode specified with the pseudo instruction DT and The horizontal column shows the addressing mode specified with the operand of the instruction Table E 1 Addressing Mode Table i LOC EXT 2 OFF IMM SYM REL ABS DPEXT DPEXT DTEXT DTEXT EXT IMM O O O SYM O O O O O O O O O O DP LOC REL VO specified ABS VO VO VO q PE PE PE EXT DTEXT VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO DTEXT VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO V
16. E uum EEN UE SACR ND Numeric constant T Numeric constant Character constant Symbolconstant Binary B Octal xy 0 i decimal Hexadecimal H Hexadecimal H SENI 2 67 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS O Character constant MEME S Character NE E Character O Symbol constant o h ss DECRE 85 RE EEUU E i Alphabet Alphabet Alphabet SSES MENO eg E WANN O Variable name ee ee n h constant H Character constant H Symbolconstant HL sizeof BANK __ OFFSET _ 2 68 N SAS RenesasTechnology Corp C 1 Conventions APPENDIX C Pseudo Instructions C 1 Conventions The pseudo instructions processed by PRE77 are described in alphabetical order The following conventions are used in describing each pseudo instruction 1 Item may be omitted 2 Space or tab code is indicated by A or A is a required space or tab code and A is an optional space or tab code i e may be omitted 3 A is used to separat
17. Reenter the command parameter correctly 5 Non relocatable file name No relocatable filenames are input Input relocatable filenames 6 Internal error Internal LINK77 error has occurred Contact the dealer where you purchased LINK77 3 18 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp A 1 List of Link Errors Error No Error message Meaning and actions 7 xxx relocatable format is mismatch Relocatable format version of R77 is different This error occurs when the version of the assembler or librarian differs from the linker s version The R77 and LIB files to be linked must be created using the RASM77 and LIB77 programs of the same version as LINK77 8 Program version is different A different program version is declared by the pseudo instruction VER Correct the version declaration by VER so that the relocatable files to be linked are the same version or cancel version check with the V parameter 9 Unresolved label in xxx The indicated label or symbol is declared for external referencing but not defined in the indicated section Link the program in which the label or symbol is declared as a public label or symbol 10 xxx is multiple defined in xxx The indicated label or symbol is defined more than once others in xxx Change the label or symbol name 11 Location overlap Address space for the indicated section is overlapped SECTION xxx ADDRESS xxx in Check the addr
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19. ORA 5 STA ADC Acc dp zz X DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV 22 DIV dp zz X 14 Direct Indirect Index Y Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC Acc zz Y ORA SBC STA ADC Acc dp zz Y DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV zz Y DIV dp zz Y 15 Direct Indirect Long Instruction Coding format ADCL ANDL CMPL EORL ADCL Acc zz LDAL ORAL SBCL STAL ADCL 9 72 DIVL DIVSL MPYL MPYSL DIVL zz DIVL dp zz 16 Direct Indirect Long Index Y Instruction Coding format ADCL ANDL CMPL EORL ADCL Acc zz Y LDAL ORAL SBCL STAL ADCL Acc dp zz Y DIVL DIVSL MPYL MPYSL DIVL zz Y DIVL dp zz Y 1 124 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp E 1 Instruction by Addressing Mode 17 Absolute Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC Acc hhll ORA SBC STA ADC Acc dt hhll DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV hhil DIV dt hhll ASL CPX CPY DEC INC ASL hhll LDX LDY LSR ROL ROR ASL dt hhll STX STY JMP JSR JSR hhll LDM LDM imm hhll LDM imm dt hhll 18 Absolute indexed X Instruction Codingformt ADC AND LDA ADC Acc hhll X ORA SBC STA ADC Acc dt hhll X DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV hhll X DIV dt hhll X ASL DEC INC LDY LSR ASL ROL ASL dt hhll X LDM LDM imm hhll X LDM imm dt hhll X 19 Absolute indexed Y Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LD
20. 8 Case 8 4 2 1 Relocatable Filename eec eot retos cc pocta tie ee 8 4 2 2 Library E Lu 9 4 2 3 Section 9 4 2 4 Command Tu 10 4 3 INPUL Modes M 11 4 31 renes 11 4 3 2 Command Line Input Mode AA 13 4 3 3 Command File Input 14 EN 15 4 4 Meel 15 4 4 2 Return Values to 5 5 nnns 16 4 5 Environment Variables Q 16 Appendix A Error Messages List of Link EITOES asss sssasassasskasskapasqaspapa usqasaikasasqawahanhswasakaussa 16 A 2 Warning Message 22 3 i lt N CSAS RenesasTechnology Corp Appendix Original Format for 7700 Family B 1 Original HEX Format for 7700 Family 23 2 EX TOS 24 B2 Re 24 Po 2 FUNCION u EET 24 N CS SAS RenesasTechnology Corp List of Figures Figure 2 1 MAP File Output Example J J 4 Figure 3 1 Configuration of Relocatable File 5 Figure 3 2 System Memory Map 6 Figure 4 1 LINK77Starting Screen
21. APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES APPENDIX A Error Messages A 1 System Error Messages When CRF77 detects a system error during execution it outputs an error message on the screen and cancels processing Table A 1 lists the system error messages output by CRF77 Table A 1 List of System Error Messages Error message Meaning and actions Usage A gt crf77 filename d I filename Command input is invalid Refer to the HELP screen and re input the com mand correctly Can t open xxx The indicated file cannot be found Check the source filename re input correctly Can t create xxx The indicated file cannot be created Make free space on the disk Out of disk space Disk space is insufficient to output file Make free space on the disk Out of heap space Memory space is insufficient to execute the cross referencer Reduce the number of symbols or labels 5 8 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Cross reference Error Messages A 2 Cross reference Error Messages When CRF77 detects an error during creation of a cross reference listing it outputs an error message on the screen and continues processing Table A 2 lists the cross reference error mes sage output by CRF77 Table A 2 Cross reference Error Message Error message Meaning and action Can t open include file xxx Source file specified by INCLUDE cannot be found Check directory contents
22. Arelative address branch instruction BRA is generated Example for flagl if flag2 continue endif jsr output next 2 35 434 NEC SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS DO WHILE DO statement Format A label ADO lt statement gt A label AWHILE condition expression Description do statement repeats a group of statements while the specified condition expression is true The decision to repeat or not is made after executing the statement Therefore the do statement is useful in cases where the repeated statements are to be executed once more after the condition is satisfied endless loop is formed if ever is specified as the condition expression Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression Example do jsr output while flag 2 36 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions FOR NEXT FOR statement Format A label AFOR condition expression statement A label ANEXT Description for statement repeats a group of statements while the specified condition expression is true Anendless loop is formed if ever is specified as the condition expression e Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression Example for flag JSE output next 2 37 RenesasTechnolo
23. Check the label or symbol 1 54 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Assembly Error Messages Error No Error Message Meaning and Actions 21 Value error Data specification format is invalid Example ADC A A Check the data specification format 22 Value is out of range Data is out of range Example ADC B 100H Check the operand specification format 23 format error Numbers of left and right parentheses are not equal Example ADC A WORK Check the operand specification 24 Relocatable error Pseudo instruction ORG is specified in the relocatable section Example SECTION PROG LDA A WORK ORG 1000H LDA A WORK Make section division A relocatable value is coded as the operand of a pseudo definition instruction EQU Example EXT WORKO EXT WORK1 SYMBOL EQU WORKO WORK1 Code a local value as the operand of pseudo instruc tion EQU 25 No SECTION statement Pseudo instruction SECTION is not specified Specify SECTION statement in front of the program 26 Reference to undefined section Undefined section name is referenced Example LDA A SIZEOF UNDEF_SECT Check the indicated section 1 55 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES Error No Error Message Meaning and Actions 27 Page error Direct page name or data bank name specified by exter nal referenci
24. Example MCU M37750 Specifies generation of the M37750 instructions 1 77 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS NLIST Suppress listing output Format A NLIST Description Suppresses output to file List output can be resumed with the pseudo instruction LIST Example NLIST Suppresses listing output Suppress output to PRN file until LIST LIST Start list output S Output subsequent lines to file NLISTM Suppress macro expansion list Format A NLISTM Description Suppresses output of macro expansion list to file List output can be resumed with the pseudo instruction LISTM Note LISTM instruction is ignored if the command parameter is not specified Example NLISTM Suppresses list output of macro expansion List output of macro expansion is suppressed until LISTM LISTM Starts list output of macro expansion Macro expansions are output after this instruction 1 78 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions OBJ relocatable filename Format A OBJ file name file name file name Description Specifies the names of relocatable files to be linked Only the files with extension R77 may be specified Linkage error will occur if other files are specified This pseudo instruction may not be placed in a nest Directory path a
25. LOCAL LOOP1 LDA A 20 LOOP1 DEC A BNE LOOP1 ENDM Macro Call LOOP Macro Expansion LDA A 20 2 0 0 ENDM 1 96 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Macro Instructions MACRO ENDM Defines macro Format Amacro nameA MACRO argument 1 argument 2 argument Description A macro definition starts with the line MACRO and ends with the line ENDM The string assigned to the MACRO line becomes the name of the macro definition Macro definition can have arguments or no arguments If arguments are used the necessary arguments must be passed during macro call When a macro call is made the arguments are passed in the order of dummy arguments in the macro definition Assembly language instructions user macros system macros and pseudo instructions other than INCLUDE can be coded between MACRO and ENDM Macro definitions can be nested up to 20 levels Macro calls can be made anywhere in the program as long as it is after the macro definition An error will occur if a macro call is issued before it is defined Macro calls can be nested up to 20 levels The arguments specified in the macro call operand are replaced with the dummy arguments in the macro definition from left to right The number of arguments in the macro call and macro definition need not be the same but a warning is issued If the number of arguments on macro call is greater than the number of dummy argumen
26. Relative address branch instruction BRAL is generated Example for flag1 if flag2 lgoto 1 endif jsr output LAB1 jsr inout next 2 44 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions LIF LELSE ENDIF LIF statement Format A condition expression statement label ALELSE statement A label AENDIF Description The lif statement changes the flow of control into two directions The branch direction is determined by the condition expression The branch is made according to whether the condi tion expression results in zero false or non zero true If true the immediately following instruction is executed if false the instruction following lelse is executed if lelse is coded or instruction following endif is executed if lelse is not coded The lelse part may be omitted There is no limit to the lif statement nesting level When lif statements are nested the nearest lif and lelse statements are paired Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression Note The generated branch instruction BRA is output as BRAL Example lif flag work 1 lelse work 2 endif 2 45 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS LLBREAK LLBREAK statement Format A label ALLBREAK Description The statement stops ex
27. RenesasTechnology Corp 3 2 Attributes of Sections 3 2 1 Address Attribute Address attribute of a section is determined by whether or not the pseudo instruction ORG is specified in the section in the source program There are two types of location attribute 1 Relocatable attribute section that does not include the pseudo instruction ORG has the relocatable attribute 2 Absolute attribute Asection that includes the pseudo instruction ORG has the absolute attribute Starting address cannot be specified for a section with the absolute attribute at the time of linkage 3 Sections having an identical section name but existing in different relocatable files can have different address attributes 3 2 2 Physical Attributes Physical attribute specifies the physical property of the area where a section is placed There are two types of physical attribute 1 ROM attribute A section with the ROM attribute is converted to HEX file by linkage editing Asection of assembly language source file that contains a code generating statement has the ROM attribute To avoid confusion with address attribute ROM attribute is referred to as ROM type hereafter 2 RAM attribute Asection with the RAM attribute is not converted to a HEX file by linkage editing A section of assembly language source file that contains the area allocation pseudo instruction BLKB BLKW etc has the RAM attribute To avoid confusion with ad
28. V2 WORK1 10 WORK2 A WORK1 10 A TABLE X A WORK2 1 98 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Macro Instructions Example Example 3 Macro nesting Macro Definition ADD 2 CLC ADC OP1 0P2 END Macro Call ADD2 2 ADD OP1 0P2 Macro call within a macro ADC 1 1 0 2 2 END Example 4 Recursive definition Macro Definition MAC MACRO First definition DATA BLKB d MAC VALUE Second definition LDM VALUE DATA ENDM ENDM Macro Call MAC Reserve area and define new macro MAC 10H Call newly defined macro 1 99 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX MACRO INSTRUCTIONS REPEAT ENDM Defines repeat macro Format A label A REPEAT count Description Repeats assembly of 7700 Family instructions between REPEAT and ENDM for the number of times specified with the operand instruction can be repeated up to 254 times The label of the REPEAT instruction is assigned as the label of the first generated line Assembly language instructions user macros system macros and pseudo instructions other than INCLUDE can be coded between REPEAT and ENDM operand may be a numeric constant or a symbol constant label a label with relocatable value cannot be specified e Nesting is allowed up to 20 levels Example Source Code Example
29. variable EX c Ae i gt lt i li gt lt 2 4 tem UE Memory variable 2 62 N CSAS RenesasTechnology Corp B 3 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Syntax Diagram Expression 3 i EEN D E EMINET OPI Y MEN EN i H PETENS ANTES 4 1 E lt E wm 4 ere SE 4 202400101 i i SS H de anka i Memory variable p oe equ vex x Register variable2 Il sss s a H Memory variable _ Register variable2 Memory variable Ee Constant f with Register variable2 ili Memory variable Memory variable Constant mw LJ Register variable2 h Constant i l Memory variable Memory variable Sat Constant m Register variable2 Memory variable 2 63 1 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS Variable O Memory variable O Memory bit variable Variable name Numeric variable S Numeric variable S Y Ware 17777 LE E H DT H
30. 12 Figure 4 2 Screen for Prompt Mode Input 12 Figure 4 3 Example of Command Line Input 1 13 Figure 4 4 Example of Command Line Input 2 Parameters Omitted 13 Figure 4 5 Example of Command Line Input 3 Command Parameters Omitted 13 Figure 4 6 Specifying a Command File 14 Figure 4 7 Example of Command File Specification 14 Figure 4 8 Example of Error Display 15 3 iii 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 iv List of Tables Table 4 1 List of Command Parameters 10 Table 4 2 Restricted Branch Instructions 11 Table 4 3 List of Error Levels T 16 Table A 1 List of Link Error Messages 18 Table A 2 List of Warning Message J T 22 RenesasTechnology Corp 1 Organization of LINK77 Operation Manual The LINK77 Operation Manual consists of the following chapters Chapter 2 Overview Describes the basic functions of the LINK77 linkage editor and the files create
31. 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions Declare end of program Format A END Description Declares the end of a source program This pseudo instruction and subsequent lines are not assembled Example END Declares end of program EQU Equation Format symbol EQU expression Description Equates a numeric value double word value to a symbol Label or symbol used in expression must be defined before this line Label with relocatable value may not be specified the operand field the command option Q is specified a warning is issued when an attempt is made to equate a symbol that has already been equated Note f a numerical expression is written in a symbol where the result may take on a double word or greater value the value of 4 low order bytes becomes effective and no error is output Example SYMBOL EQU 1 Equates SYMBOL to 1 SYMBOL EQU 3 Equates SYMBOL to 3 SYMBOL m SYMBOL 7 Equates SYMBOL to 10 1 69 434 NESAS Renesas Technology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS ERROR Declare an assembly error Format A ERRORA character string Description This instruction is used together with conditional assembly instruction IF This instruction outputs the string specified as the operand to the screen and terminates assembly if an invalid condition is specified Exam
32. 5 2 6 Declare End of Assembly END Declares the end of source program to be assembled The assembler does not process any source data after this declaration 1 32 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 5 3 Address Control Pseudo Instructions 5 2 7 Message Output ASSERT Displays the specifies string on the screen 5 2 8 Assembly Error Output ERROR Displays the specifies string on the screen and stops assembly The assembler does not process subsequent lines 5 2 9 Define String DEFINE Defines a string to a symbol 5 3 Address Control Pseudo Instructions 5 3 1 Address Declaration ORG Declares the address for the next line The section in which this pseudo instruction is speci fied will have the absolute attribute and address specification cannot be made for linkage processing This pseudo instruction can be used in areas where the address is fixed such as an interrupt vector 5 3 2 Memory Allocation BLKB BLKW BLKA BLKD Allocates a RAM memory area of the size specified by operand 5 3 3 Data Definition WORD ADDR DWORD Generates data specified by operand in the ROM area 5 3 4 Correct Address Alignment EVEN Changes an odd numbered address to an even numbered address Nothing occurs if the current address is even numbered This pseudo instruction can be used to set the beginning of each data in a character string data in a byte by byte data area to an even numbered address 1
33. BYTE 100110B 1 16 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 4 Field Coding Method When specifying octal numeric constant the value must be followed by O or Example BYTE 700 e When specifying a decimal numeric constant only an integer value can be specified Example BYTE 100 When specifying a hexadecimal numeric constant the value must be followed by H or h If the hexadecimal value begins with an alphabetic character A to F it must be prefixed with 0 Example 1 BYTE 64H Example 2 BYTE 2 Character string constant ASCII code character may used in a character string constant e Character string constant must be enclosed between single quotes or double quotes Example BYTE A gt Sets 41H f Y is used in a string literal the character immediately following the is processed as character string data When using Y in a character string write it as 3 Label or symbol A label has 24 bit data value and a symbol has a 32 bit data value 4 Expression e Numeric expression can be specified as a combination of instructions numeric constants character string constants labels or symbols expression is calculated from left to right No operators priorities are recognized Example 1 2 3 gt Result is 6 Example 2 2 6 2 gt Result is 4 3 4 2 Operators Table 3 1 lists the operat
34. DATA BYTE A BYTE B BYTE BYTE D END Example 2 Source Code Example DATA REPEATC VAL ABC fi Dummy argument Actual argument BYTE VAL END After Macro Expansion DATA REPEATC VAL BYTE VAL END DATA BYTE A BYTE B BYTE E Ds BYTE de E END 1 102 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Macro Instructions REPEATI ENDM Defines REPEATI macro Format A label A REPEATI dummy argument actual argument dummy argument actual argument Description Repeats assembly of statements up to ENDM for the number of actual argument specified in the operand One actual argument is extracted and passed to the dummy argument each time The label of the REPEATI instruction is assigned as the label of the first generated line Assembly language instructions user macros system macros and pseudo instructions other than can be coded between REPEATI and ENDM Numeric constant character constant symbol constant label and character string can be specified for actual argument Other macro instructions cannot be specified If the actual argument contains special characters such as space tab or comma the entire string must be enclosed in double quotes In this case the string with the quotes removed is used Nesting is allowed up to 20 levels 1 103 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX MACRO IN
35. Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format PLA Stack PLA PLB Stack PLB PLD Stack PLD PLP Stack PLP PLT Stack PLT PLX Stack PLX PLY Stack PLY PSH Stack PSH d8 PUL Stack PUL d8 RLA B W Immediate RLA imm RMPA Immediate RMPA imm ROL Accumulator ROL Acc Direct ROL DP zz Direct X ROL 0 22 Absolute ROL DT hhil Absolute X ROL DT hhil X ROR Accumulator ROR Acc Direct ROR DP zz Direct X ROR 0 22 Absolute ROR DT hhll Absolute X ROR DT hhll X RTI Implied RTI RTL Implied RTL RTS Implied RTS Note 1 2 The PSH and PUL instruction can have register names in the operand field Example 1 PSH A B X Y DPR PG DT PS Example 2 PUL A B X Y DPR PG DT PS 1 117 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format SBC B W Immediate SBC B Acc imm SBCL Direct SBC Acc DP zz Direct X SBC Acc DP zz X Direct indirect SBC Acc DP zz Direct indirect X SBC Acc DP zz X Direct indirect Y SBC Acc DP zz Y Direct indirect long SBCL Acc DP zz Direct indirect long Y SBCL Acc DP zz Y Absolute SBC Acc DT hhll Absolute X SBC Acc DT hhll X Absolute Y SBC Acc DT hhll Y Absolute long SBC Acc LG hhmmll Absolute long X SBC Acc LG hhmmll Stack pointer relative SBC Acc d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y SBC Acc d8 S Y SEB
36. LLIF LLELSE ENDIF LLIF statement Format A label ALLIF condition expression statement A label ALLELSE lt statement gt A label AENDIF Description The statement changes the flow of control into two directions The branch direction is determined by the condition expression The branch is made according to whether the condi tion expression results in zero false or non zero true If true the immediately following instruction is executed if false the instruction following llelse is executed if llelse is coded or instruction following endif is executed if llelse is not coded The llelse part may be omitted There is no limit to the statement nesting level When lif statements are nested the nearest llif llelse statements are paired Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression Note The generated branch instruction BRA is output as JMPL Example llif flag work 1 llelse work 2 endif 2 51 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS SWITCH CASE ENDS SWITCH statement Format A label ASWITCH condition expression A label ACASE constant statement A label constant statement A label ADEFAULT statement A label AENDS Description The switch statement passes control to of several statements according to the val
37. bly language are output V The version No of PRE77 is output to the screen and the command is terminated Note 1 If the O option is not specified PRE77 generates the assembly file in the directory where the structured description source exists 2 24 5 5 RenesasTechnology Corp 6 3 Input Method 6 3 Input Method PRE77 is started by entering a command line after the MS DOS prompt Figure 6 1 illustrates entry of PRE77 startup command If there is an error in the command line a help screen shown in Figure 6 2 is output and the preprocessor is canceled gt 77 TESTNAME C RET T Name of source T Command parameters to be reprocessed Figure 6 1 Example of PRE77 Startup Command Line 7700 Family PREPROCESSOR V 5 00 00 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All Rights Reserved Usage pre77 filename o rasm77 lt rasm77 options gt all messages suppressed source line information output to A77 file make tag file and start editor syntax e or eEDITOR NAME select drive and directory for output syntax 0oA NWORK make structured label structured block message output to a77 file pre77 version display rasm77 option select Figure 6 2 PC Version Help Messages 2 25 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnolo
38. but Renesas Electronics does not warrant that such information is error free Renesas Electronics assumes no liability whatsoever for any damages incurred by you resulting from errors in or omissions from the information included herein Renesas Electronics products are classified according to the following three quality grades Standard High Quality and Specific The recommended applications for each Renesas Electronics product depends on the product s quality grade as indicated below You must check the quality grade of each Renesas Electronics product before using it in a particular application You may not use any Renesas Electronics product for any application categorized as Specific without the prior written consent of Renesas Electronics Further you may not use any Renesas Electronics product for any application for which it is not intended without the prior written consent of Renesas Electronics Renesas Electronics shall not be in any way liable for any damages or losses incurred by you or third parties arising from the use of any Renesas Electronics product for an application categorized as Specific or for which the product is not intended where you have failed to obtain the prior written consent of Renesas Electronics The quality grade of each Renesas Electronics product is Standard unless otherwise expressly specified in a Renesas Electronics data sheets or data books etc Standard Computers office equipment communica
39. delimited by a space Table 6 1 summarizes the functions of command parameters 2 23 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 6 OPERATION Command parameter Table 6 1 List of Command Parameters Description Suppresses output of all messages to the screen Performs processing to enable source level debugging of structured preprocessor instructions E Creates a TAG file when an error occurs With the PC version the program specified immediately after this option is started using the tag file as argument With the UNIX version an error occurs if anything is specified immediately after this option L When the structured instruction is converted into the assembly instructions labels are generated for the operand of the branch instruction If it is no specification a relative address value is generated for the operand of the branch instruction O Specifies the output destination path for the file to be created The full path must be specified RASM77 Starts RASMT7 after the preprocessor terminates The string specified after this command parameter is passed to RASM77 as command parameters The following example starts RASM77 after processing SAMPLE P77 and obtains the print file output by RASM77 A gt PRE77 SAMPLE RASM77 L The C parameter is automatically specified when RASM77 is started by PRE77 S The comment which shows to converted the structured instruction into the assem
40. 1 Specifies the delimiter and data count fixed to 02 2 Specifies the address field fixed to 0000 3 Specifies the record type fixed to FF 4 High order byte is fixed to 00 Low order byte specifies the contents of subsequent data record address bits 16 23 xx portion 5 Specifies a 1 byte checksum Reference Shown below is the address record format of the extended Intel HEX format 02 0000 02 xxxx xx RET 1 2 3 4 5 The fields 1 2 3 4 5 specify the following information 1 Specifies the delimiter and data count fixed to 02 2 Specifies the address field fixed to 0000 3 Specifies the record type fixed to 02 3 23 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ORIGINAL FORMAT 7700 Family 4 Specifies 2 byte extended address This address is shifted 4 bits and then added to the 2 byte address in the data record field to generate the final 20 bit address The extended Intel HEX format record address output by LINK77 uses the high order 4 bits to specify the page address and always leaves the low order 12 bits O 5 Specifies a 1 byte checksum B 2 HEXTOS2 B 2 1 Overview HEXTOS2 is a HEX file converter for the 7700 Family It converts the Intel HEX format file created by LINK77 and 7700 Family custom HEX format machine language file extension HEX into Motorola S format machine language file extension S2 The startup procedure is described below B 2 2 Function
41. 2 75 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS SOURCE Define source file name Format A SOURCE source filename Description This pseudo instruction defines the file name necessary for source debugging e This pseudo instruction is generated automatically by PRE77 Note e This pseudo instruction enables source debugging If this instruction is explicitly coded warning is issued and that line is made into a comment 2 76 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp PARU LINKAGE EDITOR FOR 7700 FAMILY LINK77 OPERATION MANUAL RENESAS as Technology Corp Table of Contents Chapter 1 Organization of LINK77 Operation Manual Chapter 2 Overview 2 1 Functions U UU 2 2 2 Files Created EE 2 2 3 Organization of MAP File U LY 3 Chapter 3 Function of Section 3 1 P rpose Nerei LT 5 3 2 Attributes of Sections 6 3 2 1 Address AttribUle uuu uuu oii oett EENS Ae 7 93 2 2 Physical AUDIOS aso ec bun 7 3 3 Basic Functions of Sections J l 7 Chapter 4 Operation
42. 5 9 RenesasTechnology Corp RASM77 V 5 10 User s Manual Rev 1 00 August 01 2003 REJ10J0158 0100Z COPYRIGHT 2003 RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION AND RENESAS SOLUTIONS CORPORATION ALL RIGHTS RESERVED RASM77 V 5 10 User s Manual 2 1 Renesas Electronics Corporation 1753 Shimonumabe Nakahara ku Kawasaki shi Kanagawa 211 8668 Japan REJ10J0158 0100Z
43. AND Acc DT hhll X Absolute Y AND Acc DT hhll Y Absolute long AND Acc LG hhmmll Absolute long X AND Acc LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative AND Acc d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y AND Acc d8 S Y 1 108 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 0 2 Instruction Set Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format ASL Accumulator ASL Acc Direct ASL DP zz Direct X ASL DP zz X Absolute ASL DT hhil Absolute X ASL DT hhll X ASR Accumulator ASR Acc Direct ASR DP zz Direct X ASR 0 22 Absolute ASR DT hhil Absolute X ASR DT hhil X B W Direct Bit Relative BBC B imm DP ZZ rr B W Absolute Bit Relative BBC B imm DT hhll rr BBS B W Direct Bit Relative BBS B imm DP zz rt B W Absolute Bit Relative BBS B imm DT hhll rr BCC Relative BCC rr BCS Relative BCS rr BEQ Relative BEQ rr BMI Relative BMI rr BNE Relative BNE rr BPL Relative BPL rr BRA Relative BRA rr BRAL Relative BRAL rril BRK Implied BRK 498 BVG Relative BCC rr BVS Relative BCS rr CLB B W Direct Bit CLB B stimm DP zz B W Absolute Bit CLB B stimm DT hhll CLC Implied CLC CLI Implied CLI CLM Implied CLM CLP Immediate CLP 98 CLV Implied CLV Note 1 The CLP instruction can have register names in the operand field Example CLP C Z I D X M V N 1 109 2tENESAS Renesas Technology Corp APPENDIX D
44. Aline that references a public label is marked by P next to the source file data Aline that references a local label is marked by L next to the source file data 1 4 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 3 Structure of PRN File Aline that is an expansion of a macro is marked by next to the source file data A line that references a symbol defined with DEFINE is marked by next to the source file data The INCLUDE nesting level is marked by the number corresponding to the level next to the source file data Figure 2 6 shows this portion of PRN file Structured description source lines are output to a print file as comment lines Figure 2 7 shows this portion of PRN file 2 Assembly information Figure 2 4 shows this portion of PRN file This portion of a PRN file shows the number of errors number of warnings total number of lines number of comment lines and the memory size of each section 3 Symbols listing Upper section of Figure 2 5 shows this portion of PRN file The number of symbols per line in the symbol list depends on the COL pseudo instruction If the number of columns specified with COL is 99 or less the number of symbols output is 4 if it is between 100 and 119 columns the number of symbols output is 5 if it is 120 or more the number of symbols output is 6 This portion of a PRN file lists the symbols and their values as they are defined in the program in three groups
45. B W Direct Bit SEB B imm DP zz B W Absolute Bit SEB B stimm DT hhll SEC Implied SEC SEI Implied SEI SEM Implied SEM SEP Immediate SEP d8 Note 1 The SEP instruction can have register names in the operand field Example SEP C Z2 I D X M V N 1 118 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 0 2 Instruction Set Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format STA Direct STA Acc DP zz STAL Direct X STA Acc DP zz X Direct indirect STA Acc DP zz Direct indirect X STA Acc DP zz X Direct indirect Y STA Acc DP zz Y Direct indirect long STAL Acc DP zz Direct indirect long Y STAL Acc DP zz Y Absolute STA Acc DT hhll Absolute X STA Acc DT hhll X Absolute Y STA Acc DT hhll Y Absolute long STA Acc hhmmll Absolute long X STA Acc hhmmll X Stack pointer relative STA Acc d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y STA Acc d8 S Y STP Implied STP STX Direct STX DP zz Direct Y STX DP zz Y Absolute STX DT hhll STY Direct STY DP zz Direct X STY 0 22 Absolute STY DT hhil TAD Implied TAD TAS Implied TAS TAX Implied TAX TAY Implied TAY TBD Implied TBD TBS Implied TBS TBX Implied TBX TBY Implied TBY 1 119 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Data Length Addre
46. INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format CMP B W Immediate CMP B Acc imm CMPL Direct CMP Acc DP zz Direct X CMP Acc DP zz X Direct indirect CMP Acc DP zz Direct indirect X CMP Acc DP zz X Direct indirect Y CMP Acc DP zz Y Direct indirect long CMPL Acc DP zz Direct indirect long Y CMPL Acc DP zz Y Absolute CMP Acc DT hhll Absolute X CMP Acc DT hhll X Absolute Y CMP Acc DT hhll Y Absolute long CMP Acc LG hhmmll Absolute long X CMP Acc LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative CMP Acc d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y CMP Acc d8 S Y CPX B W Immediate CPX B imm Direct CPX DP zz Absolute CPX DT hhll CPY B W Immediate CPY B imm Direct CPY DP zz Absolute CPY DT hhil DEC Accumulator DEC Acc Direct DEC DP zz Direct X DEC 0 22 Absolute DEC DT hhll Absolute X DEC DT hhll X DEX Implied DEX DEY Implied DEY 1 110 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 0 2 Instruction Set Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format DIV B W Immediate DIV B imm DIVL Direct DIV DP zz Direct X DIV DP zz X Direct indirect DIV DP zz Direct indirect X DIV DP zz X Direct indirect Y DIV DP zz Y Direct indirect long DIVL DP zz Direct i
47. Instruction Coding format PHA PHB PHD PHG PHP PHA PHT PHX PHY PLA PLB PLD PLP PLT PLX PLY d8 PSH PUL PSH d8 PSH d16 7 Relative Instruction Coding format BCC BCS BEQ BMI BNE BCC rr BPL BVC BVS BRA BRA rr BRAL BRAL ml 8 Block Transfer Instruction Coding format MVN MYP MVN d8 da 1 122 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnology Corp E 1 Instruction by Addressing Mode 9 Direct Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC Acc zz ORA SBC STA ADC Acc dp zz DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV ZZ DIV dp zz ASL CPX CPY DEC INC ASL ZZ LDX LDY LSR ROL ROR ASL dp zz STX STY LDM LDM imm zz LDM imm dp zz 10 Direct Index X Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC Acc zz X ORA SBC STA ADC 22 DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV 22 DIV dp zz X ASL DEC INC LDY LSR ASL 22 ROL 5 ASL dp zz X LDM LDM imm zz X LDM imm dp zz X 11 Direct Index Y Instruction Coding format LDX STX LDX zz Y LDX dp zz Y 12 Direct Indirect Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC 77 ORA SBC STA ADC Acc dp zz DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV zz DIV dp zz 1 123 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX E INSTRUCTION SETS ADDRESSING MODE 13 Direct Indirect Index X Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC 22
48. Instructions 33 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Syntax Diagram 56 Appendix C Pseudo Instructions C 1 Conventions 69 C 2 Pseudo Instructions J 69 24 NE S AS RenesasTechnology Corp List of Figures Figure 2 1 Assembly File Example J 3 Figure 2 2 Assembly File Example Source Level Debug InformationOutput 4 Figure 2 3 Tag File Example a noc iu 5 Figure 6 1 Example of PRE77 Startup Command Line 25 Figure 6 2 MS DOS Version Help 25 Figure 6 3 Error Display Example J 26 2 iii 5 5 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 iv List of Tables Table 3 1 List of Operators 11 Table 4 1 Accumulator Bit Reference Reserved Words 14 Table 4 2 List of Generated Labels 17 Table 4 3 List of Generated Branch Instructions 17 Table 4 4 List of
49. Label symbol used in expression must be defined before this line Label with relocatable value may not be specified in the operand field Example label BLKD 10 Allocates a 40 byte RAM area BLKW Allocate RAM area in units of word Format A label A BLKW expression Description Allocates a RAM area of the specified size in units of word Label or symbol used in expression must be defined before this line Label with relocatable value may not be specified in the operand field Example label BLKW 10 Allocates a 20 byte RAM area 1 62 434 NESAS Renesas Technology Corp Format B 2 Pseudo Instructions Define 1 byte data A label JA BYTE expression Description Defines 1 byte constant data Up to 255 data may be specified but each data must be delimited by e Character strings must be enclosed in single quotes e When using N in a character string write it as V Global label may be specified in the operand field Example labell label2 label3 COL Format BY BYT BYT FJ p 10 Defines Defines 41H and 42H ABCD Defines 41H 42H 43H and 44H Specify columns count default is 132 A COL expression Description Specifies the number of characters per listing line 80 to 132 80 is assumed if 79 or smaller value is specified 132 is assumed if 133 or larger value is spec
50. Operators that can be Used in Structured Instructions 19 Table 6 1 List of Command Parameters 24 Table 6 2 Listing of Error Levels 1 27 Table A 1 List of System Error Messages 28 Table A 2 List of Preprocessor Error Messages 29 Table List of Warning Messages eere 32 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 1 Organization of PRE77 Operation Manual The PRE77 Operation Manual consists of the following chapters Chapter 2 Overview Describes the basic functions of the PRE77 and the files created by PRE77 Chapter 3 Source Program Coding Method Describes how to code source programs containing structured preprocessor codes Chapter 4 Structured Preprocessor Instructions Describes the types of structure preprocessor instructions and how to code them e Chapter 5 Pseudo Instruction Describes the preprocessor instructions that are processed by PRE77 Chapter 6 Operation Describes how to enter PRE77 commands e Appendix Error Messages Lists error messages output by PRE77 along with explanation of the errors and actions to be taken Appendix B Structured Preprocessor Instructions Lists and explains all structur
51. Pseudo Instructions sss 34 5 6 Source Level Debug Support eese 35 5 7 Reserved Pseudo Instructions 35 Chapter 6 Macro Instruction 6 1 Macro Instruction Functions T 36 6 2 Macro Instruction Types 36 6 3 Macro OBerators uu u u u uuu aus nasua s Ri ax ER PR LE AC KIA A MERE 37 Chapter 7 Operation 7 1 Starting RASM77 E 41 7 2 Parameters u 41 7 2 1 So rce Filenalme dera cott De tete eco 41 7 2 2 Command Parameters isseire aa 41 T9 Input Method mc 44 TA Age 47 Z 4 Error Types ee S 47 Ace Return Values to MS DOS uuu ie t denen eer tene aa 49 7 5 Environmient variables uuu uu au s cc au e DI KR KR EO REFERRED EODD ERES 49 RenesasTechnology Corp Appendix Error Messages System Error MESSAGES J J T J J l 50 A 2 Assembly Error Messages 52 Warning Messages Ei i a dol du u v Coria a cu 57 Appendix B Pseudo Instructions B 1 Conventions
52. Reserved words cannot be used as names 77 processes register names flag names op code names pseudo instruction names and operand description instructions including DP and DT as reserved words 3 Uppercase and lowercase are recognized Therefore BIG and Big are recognized as different names A label or symbol may be no more than 255 characters long 5 The following labels beginning with two periods must not be used because they are labels generated by macro instructions and PRE77 Labels beginning with one or three periods are also prohibited Names defined by the EQU pseudo instruction or an instruction with the command parameter D are treated as symbols and other names are treated as labels Preprocessor that processes structured code lines Wi 1 15 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 SOURCE PROGRAM CODING When specifying a label it must be followed immediately by a colon However for compatibility with previous version the colon may be omitted if the command option U is specified If the colon is omitted a space or a tab code is required between the a label and pseudo instruction It is recommended that this colon be always specified to make it easier to differentiate labels from symbols and to make label search by the editor more efficient 3 3 2 Op code Pseudo Instruction Field A 7700 Family instruction mnemonic or a pseudo instruction is specified in the op co
53. a relocatable value coded with the direct page name label or bank name label associated with DPEXT or DTEXT the appropriate addressing mode is selected by comparing them with the direct page name label or bank name label coded with DP or DT Example DPEX directpage_name DPLAB directpage name Direct page name label DTEX databank name DTLAB lt databank name Bank name label SECTION PRO DP OFFSET name DT BANK databank name AND A DPLAB lt Direct addressing AND A DTLAB lt Absolute addressing 1 27 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER A INSTRUCTION CODING METHOD 4 4 4 Disabling Addressing Mode Selection The addressing mode selected by RASM77 can be explicitly disabled To disable the use of direct addressing mode code OFF as the operand of DT To disable the use of absolute addressing mode code OFF as the operand of DP When direct addressing mode is disabled absolute or absolute long addressing mode is selected When absolute addressing mode is disabled direct or absolute long addressing mode is selected If OFF is written in the operand of DP or DT the rules described in Table 4 4 are followed when assembling the source Table 4 4 Rules for addressing mode selection Description format Processing by RASM77 DP label Error DP symbol Selects direct addressing mode DP absolute value Selects direct addressing mode DT label Error DT s
54. a sub program lines between PROCSUB and ENDPROC are interpreted as the subprogram e RASM7 processes the label specified in the operand field as the label for this line Example PROCSUB SUB ENDPROC PROGNAME Declares program name Reserved Format A PROGNAME program name Description Declares a program name Specification in the operand field is interpreted as the program title Example PROGNAME printer control program 1 91 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS Declares start of area Reserved Format A RAM Description e Specifies start of declaration of a RAM area labels and symbols specified between RAM and ENDRAM are interpreted as the RAM area Example RAM work BLKB 1 workl BLKB ali ENDRAM 1 92 RenesasTechnology Corp C 1 Conventions APPENDIX C Macro Instructions C 1 Conventions The macro instructions available with RASM77 are described in alphabetical order The following conventions are used in describing each macro 1 Item may be omitted 2 Space or tab code is indicated by or A A is a required space or tab code and A is an optional space or tab code i e may be omitted 3 A is used to separate a label from macro instruction When specifying a label a colon is not required but if it is omitted either a space or a tab code must be
55. be found Check the source filename and reenter correctly Can t create xxx File cannot be created Check the o parameter specification and reenter cor rectly Out of disk space Disk space is insufficient for file output Provide sufficient free space on the disk Out of heap space Memory space is insufficient to execute the assembler Reduce the number of symbols or labels Can t find crf77 exe CRF77 cannot be found Copy CRF77 to the current directory or a directory speci fied by MS DOS command path Can t find command com for execute XXX COMMAND COM file necessary to start the editor specified by option cannot be found Check MS DOS command path specification 1 51 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES A 2 Assembly Error Messages When an assembly error is detected RASM77 outputs an error message to the screen and to a PRN file Table A 2 lists the assembly error messages Table A 2 List of Assembly Errors Error No Error Message Meaning and Actions 1 Already had same statement A pseudo instruction that can be used only once in a source file is used two or more time Example INE 60 INE 80 Correct declaration to only one 2 Reference to forward label or symbol A pseudo instruction is referencing a label or symbol that is defined later Example ORG TOP TOP Define the label or symbol before it is referen
56. be specified as needed 2 No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters in the command param eter Therefore and are both valid 3 The relocatable files to be stored in the library should be assembled without specifying the assembly option 6 or File containing local symbol information and debug information slows library processing and significantly increases the library file size 3 2 4 Detailed Explanation of Command Parameters Command parameters are explained in detail below 1 O Specifies the name of the library file to be edited Directory path name may be specified with library filename The following is an example of specifying file TEST LIB in directory USR on drive A as the edit library file Example gt 77 LO B USR TEST lt RET gt f no directory path is specified the MS DOS environment variable LIB77 is referenced as the directory path If the environment variable is set as shown below a file in the USR directory of drive B is processed Example A gt SET LIB77 B USR If directory path is omitted and environment variable has not been set a file in the current drive s current directory is processed If file extension is not specified the default extension LIB is used Files with extension other than LIB can be processed by specifying full filenames 4 10 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 2 Input Para
57. conditions are not met Example DATA16 if work 2 gt 10 else endif 2 Several if statements can be grouped using diadic operators amp amp or Example if WORK if WORK amp amp WORK2 if WORK2 endif endif endif 4 5 Structured Instructions in Macros Structured instructions are allowed within macros In this case the labels generated by the struc ture preprocessor within macro definition are defined as macro local labels with the LOCAL instruction PRE77 also generates codes for structured instructions within user macro definitions but does not perform macro expansion 4 6 77 Instruction Lines Pseudo Instruction Lines PRE77 outputs RASM77 instruction lines and pseudo instruction lines to the RASM77 assembly source file without any change Therefore these lines are not checked for errors 2 20 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 5 1 Function of Pseudo Instructions CHAPTER 5 Pseudo Instructions 5 1 Function of Pseudo Instructions Pseudo instructions instruct the preprocessor or assembler to generate the target machine instruc tion data The pseudo instructions that can be coded in source program using the structure preprocessor language are the same as those allowed for RASM77 However PRE77 processes only the follow ing pseudo instructions The functions of pseudo instructions processed by PRE77 are not neces sary the same as that for RASM77 1
58. date than the modules in the library file can be updated 5 D Deletes specified modules from a library file Outputs a LST file When filenames are specified by F information on only the specified relocatable files are output to a LST file When filenames are not specified by F information on all modules in the library file are output to a LST file LST file has the extension LST 4 11 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 OPERATION 7 X Reproduces specified relocatable files by extracting them from a library file and restoring them in the pre cataloging condition The modification date of the relocatable files will be the LIB77 execution date The reproduced relocatable files will be identical to the original relocatable files prior to cataloging in the library file The reproduced relocatable files are output to the current directory When no relocatable filename is specified by F all modules in the library file are extracted and reproduced Execution of this command parameter does not change the contents of the library file Reproduced files have the extension R77 8 Displays on the screen the file currently processed by LIB77 This command parameter must be specified along with AT C D X or L 9 U Updates only the most recent files when updating specified modules in a library file For each module in the librar
59. environment in which RASMT7 is executed These errors include disk and memory shortages When such an error occurs the error message list in Appendix A should be checked and the appropriate OS command should be entered 2 RASM77 command line input errors These are the errors RASM77 startup command line input Command line input should be checked against the descriptions in this chapter and a correct command line must be re input 3 Assembly source file contents errors These are errors in the contents of the source file being assembled such as duplicate label definition and referencing of undefined symbol The source file errors must be corrected and the source file must be reassembled When an assembly error is detected RASM77 does not create a relocatable file When RASMT7 detects an error or warning condition it outputs error information in the format shown in Figure 7 4 filename line number in file sequential line number error number and error message on the screen and to file The information should be checked against the error message list in error number order in Appendix A and appropriate action must be taken 1 47 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 7 OPERATION A gt RASM77 5 lt gt 7700 Family RELOCATABLE ASSEMBLER V 5 00 00 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All Rights Reserved now processing pass 1
60. errors Renesas Technology Corporation and Renesas Solutions Corporation assume no responsibility for any damage liability or other loss rising from these inaccuracies or errors Please also pay attention to information published by Renesas Technology Corporation and Renesas Solutions Corporation by various means including the Renesas home page http www renesas com e When using any all of the information contained in these materials including product data diagrams charts programs and algorithms please be sure to evaluate all information as a total system before making a final decision on the applicability of the information and products Renesas Technology Corporation and Renesas Solutions Corporation assume no responsibility for any damage liability or other loss resulting from the information contained herein Renesas Technology semiconductors are not designed or manufactured for use in a device or system that is used under circumstances in which human life is potentially at stake Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation Renesas Solutions Corporation or an authorized Renesas Technology product distributor when considering the use of a product contained herein for any specific purposes such as apparatus or systems for transportation vehicular medical aerospace nuclear or undersea repeater use The prior written approval of Renesas Technology Corporation and Renesas Solutions Corporation is necessary to reprint or repro
61. follows in the condition expression of assignment statement or each control statement such as if statement No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters so that C and c are both valid C Carry flag Interrupt disable flag XF Index register length selection flag V Overflow flag Zero flag Decimal operation mode flag Data length selection flag Negative flag Z O N IPL Processor interrupt level 2 15 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS Example 1 Qe Example 2 if C 0 else endif 5 PRE77 treats the following coding forward reference as label expand into LDA instruction Therefore if BITSYM is later defined as bit symbol the expanded code will not match this results in PRE77 error In this case rewrite the program to define the bit symbol BITSYM before it is referenced Example if BITSYM else endif BITSYM EQU 1 10h 6 In the following code PRE77 passes the pseudo instruction DEFINE to RASM77 without processing Therefore if a character string defined as character string appears in a struc tured preprocessor code it is treated as a normal character string In this case RASM77 outputs an error for OTHER Example OTHER DEFINE else if 0 endif Refer to Appendix B for details concerning structure proprocessor instructions 2 16 43
62. granted hereby under any patents copyrights or other intellectual property rights of Renesas Electronics or others You should not alter modify copy or otherwise misappropriate any Renesas Electronics product whether in whole or in part Descriptions of circuits software and other related information in this document are provided only to illustrate the operation of semiconductor products and application examples You are fully responsible for the incorporation of these circuits software and information in the design of your equipment Renesas Electronics assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by you or third parties arising from the use of these circuits software or information When exporting the products or technology described in this document you should comply with the applicable export control laws and regulations and follow the procedures required by such laws and regulations You should not use Renesas Electronics products or the technology described in this document for any purpose relating to military applications or use by the military including but not limited to the development of weapons of mass destruction Renesas Electronics products and technology may not be used for or incorporated into any products or systems whose manufacture use or sale is prohibited under any applicable domestic or foreign laws or regulations Renesas Electronics has used reasonable care in preparing the information included in this document
63. indirect Y EOR Acc d8 S Y EXTS Accumulator EXTS Acc EXTZ Accumulator EXTZ Acc 1 112 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 0 2 Instruction Set Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format ING Accumulator INC Acc Direct ING DP zz Direct X INC 0 22 Absolute ING DT hhll Absolute X INC DT hhll X INX Implied INX INY Implied INY JMP Absolute JMP hhll JMPL Absolute long JMPL LG hhmmll Absolute indirect JMP Absolute Indirect Long JMPL hhll Absolute Indirect Indexed X JMP hhll x JSR Absolute JSR hhll JSRL Absolute long JSRL LG hhmmll Absolute indirect X JSR hhil x LDA B W Immediate LDA B Acc imm LDAL Direct LDA Acc DP zz Direct X LDA Acc DP zz X Direct indirect LDA Acc DP zz Direct indirect X LDA Acc DP zz X Direct indirect Y LDA Acc DP zz Y Direct indirect long LDAL Acc DP zz Direct indirect long Y LDAL Acc DP zz Y Absolute LDA Acc DT hhll Absolute X LDA Acc DT hhll X Absolute Y LDA Acc DT hhll Y Absolute long LDA Acc LG hhmmll Absolute long X LDA Acc LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative LDA Acc d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y LDA Acc d8 S Y LDT Immediate LDT d8 1 113 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Data Length Addressin
64. information symbol enable make list file conditional assembly statements output to prn file DEFINE statements output control macro expansion statements output to prn file don t make symbol list to prn file select drive and directory for output syntax o tmp print file number control EQU symbol multi define warning message output local symbol data output to r77 file tag file form change don t care at end of label rasm77 version display execute crf77 Figure 7 2 HELP Screen for Command Line Error 1 45 434 NESAS Renesas Technology Corp CHAPTER 7 OPERATION gt RASM77 lt RET gt 7700 Family RELOCATABLE ASSEMBLER V 5 00 00 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All Rights Reserved now processing pass 1 EST A77 ee eue now processing pass 2 EST A77 ERROR COUNT 00000 0000H WARNING COUNT 00000 0000H TOTAL INE 00994 03E2H COMMENT LINE 00247 00F7H WORK 00000010 00000 DATA 00000054 000036H PROG 00001938 000792H A Figure 7 3 Normal Termination Screen 1 46 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 7 4 Errors 7 4 Errors 7 4 1 Error Types The following types of errors may occur during execution of RASM77 1 OSerrors Errors related to the
65. library file Module names are shown in the order in which they were cataloged in the library file Offset Shows the bytes count in hexadecimal from the beginning of the library file to the beginning of the module Module size Shows the memory size in hexadecimal of each module LIB77 librarian V 5 00 00 date 1990 Aug 16 14 30 page 1 Library file name SAMPLE LIB Relocatable format VER A Last update time 1990 Aug 16 15 30 Number of modules 2 Number of global symbol 10 odule name getvalue Offset 00000000H Module size 00000100H gettoken Offset 00000180H Module size 00000400H Figure 2 1 LST File Output Example 1 List of Module Names 2 Global labels and symbols tables Two tables are created PUBLIC symbol table Symbol name Shows a public label or symbol A public symbol that has been de clared by the pseudo instruction EQU is followed by e Module name Lists the names of the modules that contain the public label or symbol EXTERN symbol table Symbol name Shows an external label or symbol name Module name Lists the names of the modules that externally reference the external label or symbol 4 4 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 4 Organization of LST File LIB77 librarian V 5 00 00 PUBLIC symbol table symbol count Symbol_name Module_name getvalue getvalue gettoken getvalue LIB77 librarian V 5 00 00 EXTERN symbol table symbol count Symbol name
66. must be specified between SIZEOF BANK or OFFSET instruction and label sym bol or section name Example DT BANK DATA1 1 18 434 NEC SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 1 Addressing Mode CHAPTER 4 Instruction Coding Method 4 1 Addressing Mode The basic mode in which instructions specify the data to be processed is called an addressing mode 7700 Family supports 28 addressing modes and the operand coding format is prescribed for each of these addressing modes The following summarizes the characteristics of the addressing modes as they relate to operand coding 1 Accumulator addressing mode This addressing mode is for processing the data in an accumulator The Series 7700 Family CPU has A and B accumulators and the name of the accumulator to be used must be specified at the beginning of the operand field Note that if accumulator B is specified the bytes count of machine language data will increase by 1 byte Example LDA IMMDATA 2 Immediate addressing mode This addressing mode is for directly specifying the data to be processed in the operand field The value in the operand must be prefixed by Example LDM IMMDATA MEMORY 3 Direct addressing mode This addressing mode is for using the 16 bit value in the direct page register DPR as the base address and specifying an 8 bit offset value to the base address in the machine language data Bank address is fixed at 0 The method of coding dir
67. nests to within the allowed levels 3 No at the top of comment There is the comment field Code a at the beginning of the comment field 4 Operand is expected A required operand is missing Check the operand coding 5 Questionable syntax There is an error in the mnemonic coding Check the mnemonic coding 6 Label or symbol is reserved word A reserved word is used as label or symbol Change the label or symbol 7 Value is out of range The value exceeds the allowed limit Check the operand coding 2 29 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES Error no Error message Description 8 ELSE not associated with IF There is no IF statement corresponding to an ELSE statement Check the program ENDIF not associated with IF There is no IF statement corresponding to an ENDIF statement Check the program NEXT not associated with FOR There is no FOR statement corresponding to a NEXT statement Check the program WHILE not associated with DO There is no DO statement corresponding to a WHILE statement Check the program ENDS not associated with SWITCH There is no ENDS statement corresponding to a SWITCH statement Check the program BREAK not inside FOR DO or SWITCH The location of the BREAK statement is invalid Check the program CONTINUE not inside FOR or DO The locatio
68. not to use direct addressing mode DPEXT Declare external reference direct page Format A DPEXT direct page name label label label label Description Declares external referencing of the labels specified in the operand field in the direct page addressing mode direct page name label is specified the assembler uses the value of this label as the direct page value The instruction DFFSET must not be specified If direct page name is not specified the assembler executes processing assuming that the label is included in the current DPR that has been declared by the pseudo instruction DP This pseudo instruction must be specified before the line referencing the label Example DPEXT DRPG1 WORKI1 WORK2 WORK3 1 66 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions Declare data bank register value default is 00H Format A DT numeric value or OFF Description Declares the data bank register DT value 00H 0FFH Use the instruction BANK to change the bank using the label in the source program change DT value in a program use this pseudo instruction to declare the new value e If OFF is specified in the operand field the assembler does not use the absolute address ing mode Selects either direct or absolute long addressing mode Note This pseudo instruction only declares the value of the direct page register to the assembler The actual val
69. of the expression is compared with the case constant at the beginning of the statement and control is passed to the statement that matches If there is no case with matching value control is passed to the default statement if it exists If there is no default statement Ilswitch is exited without executing any statement The default part may be omitted After control is passed to the matching case statement the subsequent case statements are executed in sequence The break or llbreak statement can be used to exit the Ilswitch construct without executing the next case e Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression and constant Note If Ilswitch is coded JMPL is generated by break Macro arguments cannot be coded in the condition expression of SWITCH or CASE con stant Example llswitch work case 1 jsr outputl break case 2 jsr output2 break case 3 jsr output3 break default jsr output4 ends 2 54 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions Format A label Aleft termA Aright term Description Assignment statement The right term is assigned to the left term Only numeric constant and symbol constant with value of 0 or 1 can be assigned to memory bit variable register bit variable and flag variable Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the left and right terms Example
70. omitted 3 2 3 Command Parameters Command parameters are used to control library file manipulation LIB77 output files etc Table 3 1 lists the command parameters available with LIB77 Table 3 1 List of Command Parameters No 1 Command parameter Description 1 O Specifies the name of library file to be edited 2 F Specifies the names of relocatable files to be added to or deleted from a library file 3 Adds relocatable files to a library file R Updates relocatable files in a library file D Deletes specified relocatable files from a library file L Outputs an LST file X Extracts specified relocatable files from a library file and restores them to their pre cataloging condition The reproduced relocatable files are output to the current directory 4 V Displays name of the file being processed on the screen U Specifies to update only the most recent files when updating relocatable files in a library file 4 9 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 OPERATION Notes 1 No has the following meaning 1 Required item Name of the library file to be edited must always be specified 2 When adding updating deleting or extracting relocatable files by specifying the command parameter D or the names of relocatable files to be processed must be specified 3 One and only one of these five command parameters must be specified 4 May
71. such as destination of JMP instruction or for immediate addressing mode the low order value of the label is used and no error occurs Example WORK1 WORK2 WORK3 EX E LABEL Declares external reference label DA A E LABEL Absolute long addressing DA A DP E_ ABEL Direct addressing DA DT ESG ABEL Absolute addressing 1 71 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS IF ELSE ENDIF Conditional assembly Format A IF expression lt statement 1 gt A ELSE lt statement 2 gt A ENDIF Description Assembles statement 1 if the expression that follows IF is true not 0 or character string data assembles statement 2 if the expression is false 0 or no character string data Assembles statement 1 if the expression that follows IF is true assembles statement 2 if the expression is false This instruction may be nested up to 20 levels Multiple lines may be specified for statement 1 and 2 Label or symbol used in expression must be defined before this line Label with relocatable value may not be specified in the operand field The operand may contain the following logical instructions Table B 1 Allowed Logical Instructions Less than Greater than Equal Not equal Less than or equal Greater than or equal 1 72 rCENESAS Renesas Technology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions Example 1
72. the macro call line and not a macro definition line is output to a tag file U Allows colon 57 following a label to be omitted V The version No of RASM77 is output to the screen and the command is terminated X Starts the cross referencer CRF77 when assembly terminates Example A RASM77 SRCFILE X RET Notes 1 length cannot be changed with instructions such as SEM or CLM This is not appropri ate for external reference The x flag is checked for addressing mode other than immediate addressing mode of CPX LDX LDY STX and STY m flag is checked for direct direct indexed X indexed Y absolute absolute indexed X absolute indexed Y abso lute long absolute long indexed X direct bit and absolute bit addressing mode 2 An editor is started indirectly via the MS DOS COMMAND COM file so that existence of COMMAND COM file in the MS DOS command path must be verified in advance When working on a drive other than that in which COMMAND COM file resides the following specification must be made in the CONFIG SYS file Example SHELL A COMMAND COM A P When the editor cannot be found in the current directory or command path MS DOS output an error message on the screen 1 43 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 7 OPERATION 3 RASM77 does not output local symbol information if this option is not specified Use this option if local symbol informatio
73. the source file specified by the pseudo instruction INCLUDE cannot be found When CRF77 detects an error it outputs error information to the screen in the format shown in Figure 3 3 The information should be checked against the error message listing in Appendix A and appropriate action must be taken A gt CRF77 SRCFILE1 lt RET gt 7700 Family CROSS REFERENCE Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SE All Rights Reserved now processing pass 1 now making cross reference 4 Out of heap space gt N24 03 0 ELECTRIC CORPORATION ICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION SRCFILE1 A77 Figure 3 3 Example of Error Display 5 6 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 5 Environment Variables 3 4 2 Return Values to OS When using an OS batch execution file there are times when it is desirable to modify processing according to results of execution CRF77 returns one of four error levels to OS depending on the result of execution as summarized in Table 3 2 For explanation of how to utilize these error levels refer to an OS reference guide Table 3 2 List of Error Levels Error level Execution result 0 Normal termination 1 Source file specified by INCLUDE is missing 2 CRF77 command input error 3 OS error 3 5 Environment Variables CRF77 does not use environment variables 5 7 RenesasTechnology Corp
74. to 01000H flag EQU 0 100H Assign flag to bit O of 100H FU NC Start structured preprocessor program Format A FUNC Alabel Description e This pseudo instruction declares the start of structured preprocessor program This instruction enables source line debugging This pseudo instruction is generated automatically by PRE77 Note e This pseudo instruction enables source debugging If this instruction is explicitly coded a warning is issued and that line is made into a comment 2 72 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp C 2 Pseudo Instructions INCLUDE Load a file Format A INCLUDEA filename Description e This pseudo instruction loads the structured preprocessor program file specified with the operand at the point where this pseudo instruction is coded filename must be specified in full This pseudo instruction can be nested up to 9 levels Example INCLUDE TEST P77 Load the content of TEST P77 2 73 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS INDEX Declare index register length default is 16 Format A INDEX A expression Description Declares the CPU internal index register length 8 or 16 lndicates an 8 bit data if the value of expression is 8 16 bit data if value of expression is 16 The index register length must be declared with this pseudo instruction when changing the index register length with CLM X
75. variable specifies the name of the directory in which temporary files are created when the librarian is executed If this environment variable is not set the temporary files are created in the current directory The following is an example of how to set this environment variable Example gt 5 TMP77 USR TMP lt RET gt 2 LIB77 The environment variable LIB77 can be used to specify the name of the library file to be edited If the library file is not in the current directory the directory path name can be omitted during LIB77 startup if it is set to the environment variable LIB77 The following is an example of setting the environment variable to set the directory USR on drive B as the library file directory path Example A gt SET LIB77 B USR lt RET gt 4 16 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 1 System Error Messages APPENDIX A Error Messages A 1 System Error Messages When LIB77 detects a system error during execution it outputs an error message on the screen and cancels processing Table A 1 lists the system error messages output by LIB77 A 2 Librarian Error Messages When LIB77 detects a processing error during execution it outputs an error message on the screen and cancels processing Table A 2 lists the librarian error messages output by LIB77 4 17 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES Table A 1 List of System Error Messages Error message Meani
76. 0 LDX WK1 01C 202200 L JSR SUB T References a local label 01 4C0000 E JMP MAIN 022 SUB 022 9500 024 42950 027 60 CONST section Initialized data area ECTION CONST UB CONSTOP 00000000000 E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 403337373030 37700 Compiler Ver 1 0 0 204320436F6D 70696C657220 56657220312E 3000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ERROR COU 0000 WARNING COUI 0000 0000 TOTAL INE 0086 0056 COMMENT LINE 00033 0021 DATA 00000034 000022 Indicates the section name BSS 00000004 000004 HEAP 00004096 001000 STACK 00004096 001000 0000 PROGRAM 00000040 000028 CONST 00000034 000022 Figure 2 4 PRN File Example Assembly Information 1 8 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 3 Structure of PRN File SYMBOI PE d OPTION SYMBO SYMBO YPE USED 000022 CONSTOP 000000 DATATOP 000000 DPPAGE 000000e T Indicates a local label Oe MAIN 000000e STKTOP 001000p TBL1 000000e T Indicates a public label TBL2 000000e WK1 000000e Indicates an external label LABE TYPE UNUSED INIT 000000p BSSTOP 000000p HI 000000 HEAPTOP 000000p NULLDT 000000 TITLE 000008 W 000000 WORK1 000000 WORK2 000001 WORK3 000002 Figure 2 5 PRN File Example Symbol and Label L
77. 2 Each command parameter may be specified more than once at the same time Each param eter must be delimited by a space Table 7 1 summarizes the functions of command parameters 1 41 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 7 OPERATION Command parameter Table 7 1 List of Command Parameters Description Suppresses output of all messages to screen This command parameter should be specified if no message display on the screen is desired as when executing an 5 77 from a batch execution file Output no error message when any illegal descriptions are fined at condition is falt of conditional assemble instruction Verifies the bit length When this parameter is specified the bit length of local labels declared with pseudo instructions WORD or BLKW are checked during reference with the bit length declared with DATA and IN DEX and warning 6 is issued if they do not match Outputs source debug information to object file Specify this option during assembly to perform source debug during debugging Sets a numeric value for a symbol The function is same as that of the pseudo instruction EQU Specification format is as follows multiple symbols can be defined at one time by delimiting them by colon D symbol numeric value symbol numeric value symbol numeric value Example A gt RASM77 SRCFILE DS1 10 S2 20 lt RET gt Creates
78. 33 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 5 PSEUDO INSTRUCTION CODING METHOD 5 4 Linkage Control Pseudo Instructions 5 4 1 Section Name Specification SECTION Specifies the section name for the program that follows this line 77 requires specifica tion of a section name using this pseudo instruction at the beginning of every program 5 4 2 Global Label Name Specification DPEXT DTEXT EXT Specifies an externally referenced label or symbol name The label names specified by these pseudo instructions must be specified as public labels in other files PUB Specifies that a label or symbol defined in this file can be referenced by other files 5 4 3 Linkage Filename Specification OBJ LIB Specifies the name of relocatable file to be linked or the name of library file The files declared by these pseudo instructions are automatically referenced by the linker so that linkage command specification is simplified 5 4 4 Version Control VER Specifies the version name of a relocatable file Version name consistency between relocatable files can be checked during linkage processing by specifying the version confirmation com mand parameter V 5 5 Listing Control Pseudo Instructions Specifies new and title of a listing COL LINE Specifies the number of columns or rows for a listing These pseudo instructions may be specified only one time each in a source file LIST NLIST
79. 4 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 3 Coding Rules 7 8 10 PRE77 generates the following labels when converting structured preprocessor codes to RASM77 The user must not use these labels An error will occur if the number of labels exceeds the allowed maximum 65535 Table 4 2 shows the labels generated by PRE77 Table 4 2 List of Generated Labels 065535 labels for while F65535 labels for for next 10 165535 labels for if else 50 565535 labels switch case ends Structured preprocessor instructions that generate branch instructions produce different branch instruction according to the instruction in order to use memory efficiently Table 4 3 shows the generated branch instructions Table 4 3 List of Generated Branch Instructions Control Statement Generated Instruction Instruction Length if for do switch break BRA 2 continue goto lif lfor Ido lswitch BRAL 3 Icontinue goto llif llswitch JMPL 4 llbreak lcontinue lgoto Macro arguments cannot be coded as the operand of the following pseudo instructions or structured preprocessor instructions because PRE77 does not perform macro expansion Operand of INDEX Operand of DATA Operand of EQU Condition expression of structured command CASE constant When converting a condition expression to assembly language a code using r
80. 4 4 shows the operators that can be used in structured preprocessor instructions Table 4 4 List of Operators that can be Used in Structured Instructions Type Operator Description Unary Indicates a positive number Operator Indicates a negative number Takes the complement of 1 Increment Decrement Diadic Addition Operator Subtraction Multiplication Division Modulo division amp Logical AND on bits Logical OR on bits n Logical exclusive OR on bits amp amp Logical AND Logical OR lt lt Shift left gt gt Shift right Comparison gt Less than Operator lt Greater than Equal l Not equal lt Less than or equal gt Greater than or equal 2 19 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS Note 1 operations that generate the 7700 Family instructions are processed as unsigned numeric values and the bit lengths are processed using the bit length that is specified by DATA or INDEX when the processing is performed However if the result of an operation only or is subjected to comparison etc whether the result has overflowed is not taken into account There fore when performing a comparison of whether large or small as shown below be careful not to cause an overflow In the example below if the content of work is FE16 the operation results in 0016 so that
81. 7 function error 4 5 Environment Variables The environment variable LIB77 can be used when LINK77 searches library files When the directory of the library file is specified with the environment variable LIB77 no directory needs to be specified when starting LINK77 The following example specifies the directory USR on drive A as the library refere Example gt 5 directory LILB77 A NUSER lt RET gt 3 16 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp A 1 List of Link Errors APPENDIX A Error Messages A 1 List of Link Errors 3 17 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES Table A 1 List of Link Error Messages Error No Error message Meaning and actions 0 xxx file not found Input file cannot be found Includes a file specified by the pseudo instruction OBJ or LIB Reenter the filename correctly 1 Invalid command input Five or more parameters are specified in input com mand or 2048 or more characters are specified in input command Reenter the input command with no more than four parameters and 2048 characters 2 Out of heap space Memory space is insufficient to execute the linker Reduce the number of public symbols 3 Invalid section information Section information specification is invalid Reenter in the Section name address format 4 Invalid parameter input xxx Command parameter specification is invalid
82. A ADC Acc hhll Y ORA SBC STA ADC Acc dt hhll Y DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV hhll Y DIV dt hhll Y LDX LDX hhll Y LDX dt hhll Y 1 125 2CENESAS Renesas Technology Corp APPENDIX E INSTRUCTION SETS ADDRESSING MODE 20 Absolute long Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC Acc hhmmll ORA SBC STA ADC Acc lg hhmmll DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV hhmmll DIV Ig hhmmll JMPL JSRL JMPL hhmmll JMPL Ig hhmmll 21 Absolute long indexed X Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC Acc hhmmll X ORA SBC STA ADC Acc lg hhmmll x DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV hhmmll X DIV Ig hhmmil x 22 Stack pointer relative Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC Acc d8 S ORA SBC STA DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV d8 S 23 Stack pointer relative indirect indexed X Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC Acc d8 S Y ORA SBC STA DIV DIVS MPY MPYS DIV d8 S Y 24 Absolute indirect Instruction Coding format JMP JMP hhll 1 126 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp E 1 Instruction by Addressing Mode 25 Absolute indirect indexed X Instruction Coding format JMP JSR hhll X 26 Absolute indirect long Instruction Coding format JMPL JMPL hhll 27 Direct bit relative Instruction Coding format BBC BBS BBC imm zz rr BBC imm dp ZZ rr 28 Absolute bit relative Instruction Coding format
83. D OPTION Each symbol in this group is defined by specifying the command parameter D in the command line and referenced within the program EQUATE Each symbol in this group is defined by the pseudo instruction EQU and referenced within the program UNUSED Each symbol in this group is defined by either the command parameter D or EQU but not referenced in the program 4 Labels list Lower section of Figure 2 5 shows this portion of PRN file This portion of a PRN file lists the labels and their values as they are defined in the program in two groups USED Each label in this group is defined and referenced in the program UNUSED Each label in this group is defined but not referenced in the program 5 When the number of columns specified by the pseudo instruction COL is 132 the assembly execution date and time is placed in the header of the PRN file list in the following format Sun Mar 31 15 06 42 1991 Refers to a label that is defined in another file External labels and public labels are referred to as global labels Refers to a label that is defined in this file and can be referenced by other files Refers to a label that is defined in this file and can be referenced only within the file 1 5 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW Start_up Routine Data section Initialized static variable area ECTION DATA UB DATATOP 000000 000000 8H BYTE 000008 BYTE
84. DEX does not match the actual length 2 32 RenesasTechnology Corp B 1 Conventions APPENDIX B Structured Preprocessor Instructions B 1 Conventions The structured instructions available with RASM77 are listed below in alphabetical order The following conventions are used in describing each pseudo instruction 1 Space or tab code is indicated by or A is a required space or tab code and A is an optional space or tab code 2 Acolon is required when specifying a label B 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions 2 33 434 NEC SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS BREAK BREAK statement Format A label ABREAK Description The break statement stops execution of the corresponding for do or switch statement and passes control to the next statement be use only within a for do or switch construct Arelative address branch instruction BRA is generated Example for flagl if flag2 break endif jsr output next 2 34 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions CONTINUE CONTINUE statement Format label ACONTINUE Description continue statement creates a dummy null statement at the end of the innermost for or do construct containing this statement and passes control to that statement be use only within a for or do construct
85. Figure 2 5 PRN File Example Symbol and Label List 9 Figure 2 6 PRN File Example Macro and Include Expansion 10 Figure 2 7 File Example Structured Preprocessor Section 11 Figure 2 8 TAG File Example 12 Figure 4 1 Example of conditional assemble based on data and index lengths 22 Figure 7 1 Example of RASM77 Startup Command Line 44 Figure 7 2 HELP Screen for Command Line Error 45 Figure 7 3 Normal Termination Screen 46 Figure 7 4 Error Display Example eere 48 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp List of Tables Table 3 1 List of Operators uu uuu innata ana tu tdi Ca uia sai 18 Table 4 1 Association of CPU Internal Flags and Assembler 21 Table 4 2 Function of M FLAG and X FLAG 22 Table 4 3 Relationship between DPR DT and Assembler 23 Table 6 1 List of Macro Instructions 38 Table 7 1 List of Command Parameters 42 Table 7 2 Listing of Error Levels 49 Table A 1 List of System Error
86. Figure 3 5 shows the screen display when LIB77 terminates normally A gt LIB77 AVO TEST LIB F SUB 1 SUB 100 RE 7700 Family LIBRARY MANAGER V 2 00 10 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORAION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All right reserved lt test lib gt Create APPEND FILE sub 1 sub 100 MODULE COUNT 000002 SYMBOL COUNT 000019 A Figure 3 5 Example of LIB77 Normal Termination Screen 4 14 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 4 Errors 3 4 Errors 3 4 1 Error Types The following types of errors may occur during execution of LIB77 1 MS DOS errors Errors related to the MS DOS environment in which LIB77 is executed These errors include disk and memory shortages When such an error occurs the error message list in Appendix A should be checked and appropriate MS DOS command should be entered 2 LIB77 command input errors These are the errors in LIB77 starting command input When error is detected in command input LIB77 outputs a HELP screen similar to that illustrated in Figure 3 6 Command input should be checked against the descriptions in this chapter and a correct command line must be re entered 3 Errors in relocatable files to be processed These are errors in the contents of the relocatable files being processed such as duplicate public label definitions The files must be corrected by referring to the LST file
87. Further Renesas Electronics products are not subject to radiation resistance design Please be sure to implement safety measures to guard them against the possibility of physical injury and injury or damage caused by fire in the event of the failure of a Renesas Electronics product such as safety design for hardware and software including but not limited to redundancy fire control and malfunction prevention appropriate treatment for aging degradation or any other appropriate measures Because the evaluation of microcomputer software alone is very difficult please evaluate the safety of the final products or system manufactured by you Please contact a Renesas Electronics sales office for details as to environmental matters such as the environmental compatibility of each Renesas Electronics product Please use Renesas Electronics products in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations that regulate the inclusion or use of controlled substances including without limitation the EU RoHS Directive Renesas Electronics assumes no liability for damages or losses occurring as a result of your noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations This document may not be reproduced or duplicated in any form in whole or in part without prior written consent of Renesas Electronics Please contact a Renesas Electronics sales office if you have any questions regarding the information contained in this document or Renesas Electronics products or if yo
88. H Constant 2 58 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp B 3 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Syntax Diagram Register variable A LJ S EB LER EE D 50 13 Memory bit variable assignment statement Memory bit variable __ et 74 Memory bit variable that is the same as left them Register bit variable L3 1 Memory bit variable that is the same as left them 2 59 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS O Flag variable assignment statement Cp O Stack variable assignment statement is L4 Register variable A Register variable B Register variable X Register variable Y T So G 2 60 434 NEC SAS RenesasTechnology Corp B 3 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Syntax Diagram B if statement Statement while kan Kette Statemenl ment 4 Expression 2 Statement next ever m switch statement Statement KM 2 61 434 NEC SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS Expression 1 Expression 2 Memory bit variable Register bit variable Flag variables 0 1 and flags are excluded from
89. HOD 5 2 Assembly Control Pseudo Instructions 5 2 1 Data Length Declaration INDEX Declares the default value for the index register length selection flag x For details see Section 4 2 DATA Declares the default value for the data length selection flag m For details see Section 4 2 5 2 2 DPR and DT Value Declaration DP Declares the default value for the direct page register The assembler selects the optimal addressing mode based on the DPR value specified for this and subsequent lines For details see Section 4 3 DT Declares the default value for the data bank register The assembler selects the optimal address ing mode based on the DT value declared for this and subsequent lines For details see Section 4 3 5 2 3 Conditional Assembly AF ELSE ENDIF Instructs the assembler to select the assembly location based on the symbol value This pseudo instruction can be used to manage programs for different specifications by a single source program to control assembly of test routines etc 5 2 4 Include File INCLUDE Instructs the assembler to include the contents of a file where this pseudo instruction is specified This pseudo instruction is useful when editing a large source program in parts 5 2 5 Equation EQU Defines an absolute value for a symbol The same symbol can be redefined within the same program If a forward reference is made to a symbol that is redefined the last definition takes effect
90. IF and if are both valid 3 Condition expression field Code the condition to be processed by the structured preprocess 2 7 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 Source Program Coding Method 4 Comment field This field is not processed by the structure preprocessor The user is free to use this field Note T Because 77 identifies each instruction as reserved word a line can begin with an op code if there is no label 3 2 3 Pseudo Instruction Line Shown below is the format of pseudo instruction line ALabel A Pseudo op A Comment RET A Symbol A EQU A Comment RET A Pseudo op A Operand Comment lt RET gt Note Because 77 identifies each pseudo instruction as reserved word a line can begin with an op code if there is no label 3 2 4 Macro Instruction Line The format of a macro instruction line is shown below This line is not processed by PRE77 Refer to Chapter 6 and Appendix E for details concerning this line A Macro name A Macro Instruction A Operand A Comment RET 3 2 5 Comment Line Comment line must begin with a semicolon Shown below is the format of a comment line Comment RET 3 3 Field Coding Method 3 3 1 Symbol Label Field PRE77 manages symbols and labels separately but the same coding format applies to both The coding format is described below 1 Asymbol or label can be specified using al
91. LG 2 64 s t SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Syntax Diagram O Register variable A B X Y DPR DT S PS PG O Register variable 2 A B X Y 2 65 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS O Register variable AO 1 A2 BIT 4 5 6 7 A8 9 10 A11 12 A13 A14 A15 BO B1 B2 BIT_B4 B5 6 B7 B8 10 Bi B12 14 15 O variable C 2 D XF M N 2 66 Z N SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Syntax Diagram O Constant eto Cut Et cc cU
92. LUE 8 bit addition 2 70 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions Declares the end program Format A END Description This pseudo instruction specifies the end of the source program Lines after this pseudo instruction are not processed Example END Declares the end of program ENDFUNC Declares the end of structure preprocessor program Format A ENDFUNCA label Description This pseudo instruction declares the end of structured preprocessor program This instruction enables source line debugging e This pseudo instruction is generated automatically by PRE77 Note This pseudo instruction enables source debugging If this instruction is explicitly coded a warning is issued and that line is made into a comment 2 71 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS EQU Equation Format 1 symbol EQU expression Format 2 bit symbol EQU expression expression Description Sets a numeric value to a symbol Symbols used in the expression must be defined before this line Format 1 assigns a double word numeric value to symbol Format 2 assigns a 0 15 bit value and an address to symbol Notes Only already defined symbols can be used in expression Labels are not allowed Macro arguments cannot be coded as the operand of this pseudo instruction Example sym EQU 1000H Assign sym
93. M77 User s Manual RASM77 User s Manual consists of five parts as described below Each part describes each of the five programs that make up RASM77 Assembler in the same sequence as much as possible For example explanation of environment variables for each program can be found in the chapter that describes operation of that program Part 1 RASM77 Operation Manual Describes the method of using the relocatable assembler program RASM77 and the method of coding source programs Part 2 PRE77 Operation Manual Describes method of using preprocessor language Part 3 LINK77 Operation Manual Describes method of executing the linker program LINK77 and the functions of its sections Part 4 LIB77 Operation Manual Describes the method of using the librarian program LIB77 Part 5 CRF77 Operation Manual Describes the method of using the cross referencer program CRF77 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 1 RELOCATABLE MACRO ASSEMBLER FOR 7700 FAMILY F i iii l iii SI RASM77 OPERATION MANUAL RENESAS as Technology Corp Table of Contents Chapter 1 RASM77 User s Manual Organization Chapter 2 Overview 2 V FUNCIONS so eara T T T MM 3 2 2 Files Created by RASM77 4 2 3 Structure of PRN File J J Q Q 4 24 Structure of TAG Fl uuu u u uu tege 12 Chapte
94. Module name getvalue getvalue gettoken getvalue date 1990 Aug 16 14 30 page 2 0010 Symbol name Module name getvalue getvalue getvalue getvalue date 1990 Aug 16 14 30 3 0010 Symbol name Module name getvalue getvalue getvalue getvalue Figure 2 2 LST File Output Example 2 List of Global Labels and Symbols 4 5 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW 3 Global labels and symbols tables by module Two tables PUBLIC symbol table and EXTERN symbol table are created In each of these tables a module name is followed by a list of global labels and symbols in that module 4 6 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 4 Organization of LST File LIB77 librarian V 5 00 00 date 1990 Aug 16 14 30 PUBLIC symbol table Module_name gettoken symbol count _gettoken gettoken Module name getvalue symbol count chgbin _chgdigit chghex chgoct _gettoken _getvalue _one e two e LIB77 librarian V 5 00 00 date 1990 Aug 16 14 30 page EXTERN symbol table odule_name gettoken symbol count _gettokenl gettokenl Module name getvalu symbol count _chgbil chgdigil chghel _chgocl _getvalul isbil _ishel isocl Figure 2 3 LST File Output Example 3 List of Global Labels and Symbols by Module 4 7 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 OPERATION CHAPTER 3 Operation 3 1 Starting LIB77 To execute LIB77 the
95. NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 1 Structure of Source Program 5 Comment line A comment line is not processed by PRE77 Therefore it can be used by the user for any purpose 3 2 Line Formats This section describes the format of each type of line The following conventions are used for these descriptions 1 A and A specify space or tab code A is required and A is optional 2 Acolon is required when coding a lebel 3 2 1 Instruction Line Shown below is the format of an instruction line A Label A Op code Operand Comment RET AT Op code Operand Comment RET T Because PRE77 identifies each instruction as reserved word a line can begin with an op code if there is no label 3 2 2 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Line Shown below is the format of the structured preprocessor instruction line Label A structured preprocessor instruction condition expressionA Comment RET A Tstructured preprocessor instruction Ncondition Comment RET 1 Label field Code the label for referencing this line from other parts of the program PRE77 processes the structured preprocessor instruction and outputs the content of this field unchanged when generating the 7700 Family assembly language code 2 Structured preprocessor instruction field Code the 7700 Family structure preprocessor instruction The structure preprocessor makes no distinction between uppercase and lowercase characters Therefore
96. O VO VO VO VO VO 1 128 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp E 2 Addressing Mode Relationship Table IMM O O O O O O O O SYM O O LOC REL VO specified ABS VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO DPEXT VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO EXT VO DTEXT VO PE PE PE PE PE PE PE VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO IMM A O A A A A A SYM A O O A A A A A LOC REL A A A A A A A A A A DP ABS A O O O A A A not DPEXT A specified DPEX A PE PE PE PE PE EXT IDTEXT DTEXT A PE PE PE PE PE PE PE n PE EXT A A A A A A A A E 3 Selection of Addressing Mode Addressing mode selection in RASM77 when using DP OFF and DT OFF is subject to the following rules Description format Processing by RASM77 DP label Error DP symbol Selects direct addressing mode DP absolute value Selects direct addressing mode DT label Error DT symbol Selects absolute addressing mode DT absolute value Selects absolute addressing mode 1 129 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR FOR 7700 FAMILY PRE77 OPERATION MANUAL
97. OD CHAPTER 5 Pseudo Instruction Coding Method 5 1 Function of Pseudo Instructions A pseudo instruction declares or specifies the assembler to generate the intended machine lan guage data RASM77 offers 52 pseudo instructions and they can be grouped into the following five functional groups 1 Assembly control pseudo instructions Does not generate data but controls generation of machine language data that corresponds to the instruction Does not affect address updating There are 12 assembly control pseudo instructions INDEX DATA Declares data length DT DP Declares DT or DPR value JE ELSE ENDIF Conditional assembly INCLUDE Declares file to be included in program EQU Equation END Declares end of program ASSERT Outputs a message ERROR Declares assembly error DEFINE Defines a string 1 The term declare is used when a pseudo instruction specifies a default to the assembler and the term specify is used when a pseudo instruction specifies an instruction that affects the output file 1 30 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 5 1 Function of Pseudo Instructions 2 Location control pseudo instructions Updates address Data definition pseudo instruction generates constant data There are 10 pseudo instructions in this group ORG Declares location BLKB BLKW BLKA BLKD Allocates RAM area BYTE WORD ADDR DWORD Defines data EVEN Corrects location alignment 3 Linkage
98. P zz Direct indirect long Y MPYSL DP zz Y Absolute MPYS DT hhll Absolute X MPYS DT hhll X Absolute Y MPYS DT hhll Y Absolute long MPYS LG hhmmll Absolute long X MPYS LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative MPYS d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y MPYS d8 S Y 1 115 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format MVN Block Transfer MVN d8 d8 MVP Block Transfer MVP d8 d8 NOP Implied NOP ORA B W Immediate ORA B Acc imm ORAL Direct ORA Acc DP zz Direct X ORA Acc DP zz X Direct indirect ORA Acc DP zz Direct indirect X ORA Acc DP zz X Direct indirect Y ORA Acc DP zz Y Direct indirect long ORAL Acc DP zz Direct indirect long Y ORAL Acc DP zz Y Absolute ORA Acc DT hhll Absolute X ORA Acc DT hhll X Absolute Y ORA Acc DT hhll Y Absolute long ORA Acc LG hhmmll Absolute long X ORA Acc LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative ORA Acc d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y ORA Acc d8 S Y PEA Stack PEA 916 Stack PEI d8 PER Stack PER d16 PHA Stack PHA PHB Stack PHB PHD Stack PED PHG Stack PHG PHP Stack PEP PHT Stack PHT PHX Stack PEX PHY Stack PHY 1 116 RenesasTechnology Corp 0 2 Instruction Set
99. Preprocessor control CLINE DATA END ENDFUNC EQU INCLUDE INDEX SECTION SOURCE 5 2 Preprocess Control PRE77 processes pseudo instructions to control the preprocessing operation Therefore the func tions of the pseudo instructions are not necessary the same as that for RASM77 CLINE Defines line numbers necessary for source level debugging DATA Declares the default value of the data length selection flag m END Declares the end of preprocess PRE77 does not process lines following this line 1 Pseudo instructions that specify the default value to assembler are referred to as declaration and pseudo instructions that affect the output file are referred to as specification 2 21 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 5 PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS EQU Sets a numeric value double word to a symbol FUNC ENDFUNC Declares the start and end of function necessary for source level debugging These pseudo instruction are generated by PRE77 INCLUDE Loads another file in place of this pseudo instruction This pseudo instruction is used to divide large source program into manageable sections PRE77 allows this pseudo instruction to be nested up to 9 levels INDEX Declares the default value of the index register length flag x SECTION Specifies the name of the program section following this line This pseudo instruction must be used to specify the section n
100. Pseudo Instructions B 3 Debugging Pseudo Instructions The following pseudo instructions are for source line debugging These pseudo instructions pass source line debugging information of programs coded in 7700 Family C language and structured proprocessor to debugger These pseudo instructions are generated by the preprocessor 1 83 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS CLINE Output line number information Format A CLINE numeric value Description e Sets the source line information necessary during debugging This pseudo instruction is output to assembly file compiled by C compiler or processed by PRE77 Notes Anumber from 1 to 9999 can be specified as the operand If avalue greater than 9999 is specified a warning is issued and the line number information is not output to object file number specified in the operand is not checked for redefinition This instruction is ignored if it is within a macro code Example CLINE 10 JSR _SUB CLINE 11 ENDFUNC Specify end of function Format A ENDFUNC label Description e Specifies the end of function subroutine This instruction enables source line debugging This pseudo instruction cannot be nested Example FUNC SUB SUB LDA 0 RTS ENDFUNC SUB Specifies the end of function 1 84 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 Debugging Pseudo Instructions FUNC Specify sta
101. RF File J J Chapter 3 Operation 3 1 Starting ua vi DOES Gua iea 3 2 Input Parameters J l J J 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 Command Parameters eet ana d edo d Input MODUS IIIa asas 3 3 1 Command Line Input 3 4 M Eror te 3 4 2 Return Values to u sse 3 5 Environment Variables Appendix A Error Messages A 1 System Error Messages A 2 Cross reference Error Messages 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp List of Figures Figure 2 1 CRE File Example u U UU i cii Figure 3 1 Command Input Line Example Figure 3 2 Help Screen when a Command Line Error Occurs Figure 3 3 Example of Error Display J 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp List of Tables Table 3 1 List of Command Parameters 6 Table 3 2 List of Error
102. STRUCTIONS Example Example 1 Source Code Example SUB REPEATI INST NOP LDA A 1 JSR SUB1 RTS T Dummy argument Actual argument INST END After Macro Expansion SUB REPEATI INST A 1 JSR SUB1 RTS INST END SUB NOP LDA 1 JSR 50 1 RTS ENDM Example 2 Source Code Example DATA REPEAT E iss 0 1 Se HELLO Dummy argument Actual argument VAL END After Macro Expansion DATA REPEATI VAL 0 1 2 HELLO BYTE VAL END DATA BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE END N HELLO 1 104 RenesasTechnology Corp 0 1 Symbols APPENDIX D Instruction Set D 1 Symbols Table D 1 lists the meaning of symbols used in the list of instructions 1 105 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION SET Table D 1 Symbols for Instruction List Acc Accumulator or accumulator B A Index register X Y Index register Y S Stack pointer S d8 8 bit data 016 16 bit data DP zz 8 bit relative address from direct page register in direct addressing mode Dt hhll Low order 16 bit address in absolute addressing mode LG hhmmll 24 bit address in absolute long addressing mode imm 8 bit and 16 bit immediate data rr Relative address from 128 to 127 rril Rel
103. Specifies control of listing output to a PRN file These pseudo instructions should be used when only a portion of a listing is necessary as when partially debugging a program LISTM NLISTM Specifies whether to output macro expansion lines to PRN file 1 34 434 N ESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 5 6 Source Level Debug Support 5 6 Source Level Debug Support CLINE Sets the line number necessary for source debug FUNC ENDFUNC Specifies the start and end of function subroutine LANGUAGE Sets the information concerning the language used POINTER Sets the byte length of pointer variable used by C compiler SOURCE Sets the source file name required for source debug Note Listed above are the pseudo instructions output by PRE77 and C compiler If these pseudo instructions are written in the source program the assembler may output an error 5 7 Reserved Pseudo Instructions Reserved pseudo instructions are reserved for future expansion of the assembler If these instruc tions are specified in a source file they will not cause errors They also will not affect the assembly results Reserved pseudo instructions may be used when checking a source file s contents by combining RASM77 and a commercially available character string search program Example By specifying the pseudo instruction in PROCMAIN a source file as shown below a listing of main program names for all source files in the current directory can be gene
104. T Output message Format A ASSERT character string Description e This instruction is used together with conditional assembly instruction Outputs the specified character string to the screen Example eae JAPAN ASSER Assembly with domestic specification ELSE ASSER Assembly with international specification ENDIF 1 60 434 NEC SAS RenesasTechnology Corp B 2 Pseudo Instructions BLKA Allocate RAM area in units of 3 bytes Format A label A BLKA expression Description Allocates a RAM area of the specified size in units of bytes Label or symbol used in expression must be defined before this line Label with relocatable value may not be specified in the operand field Example label BLKA 10 Allocates a 30 byte RAM area BLKB Allocate RAM area in units of 1 byte Format A label A BLKB expression Description Allocates a RAM area of the specified size in units of 1 byte Label or symbol used in expression must be defined before this line Label with relocatable value may not be specified in the operand field Example label BLKB 10 Allocates a 10 byte RAM area 1 61 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS BLKD Allocate RAM area in units of double word Format A label A BLKD expression Description Allocates a RAM area of the specified size in units of double word
105. T section begins constop 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BD 2tENESAS Renesas Technology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS MER Declare program version Format VER character string Description Declares the program version for relocatable files e When the V parameter is specified LINK77 checks that relocatable files have the same version This feature enables confirmation of version consistency between relocatable files that are being linked For detailed explanation of the V parameter refer to LINK77 Operation Manual Version consistency check is performed by character string comparison Note that LINK77 recognizes uppercase and lowercase characters as different characters e This pseudo instruction may be specified only once in a program Example VER V 1 0 Declares V 1 0 as the program version WORD Define word data Format A label A WORD expression Description Defines the value of expression as a word data Up to 16 data can be specified but each data must be delimited by Data is defined from low order byte it is defined from the high order byte in the OBJ field of the PRN file Global label may be specified in the operand field Example label WORD 0 000 Defines 00H EOH WORD OFFSET symbol Defines value of symbol from low order byte 1 82 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 Debugging
106. T2 20 Reference to undefined label or symbol TEST2 LDA A work x data set 23 format error Figure 2 8 TAG File Example 1 12 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 1 Structure of Source Program CHAPTER 3 Source Program Coding Method 3 1 Structure of Source Program A source program written in assembly language is made up of lines Each source program line must comply with the following rules 1 Each line must be complete by itself and an instruction cannot be coded on more than one line 2 Each line may contain no more than 256 characters The assembler program ignores coding beyond 256 characters 3 Each line consists of the following fields Symbol label field Label for referencing this line from other locations or symbol whose value is to be set by the EQU pseudo instruction is coded in this field e Op code pseudo instruction field 7700 Family instruction mnemonic hereafter referred to as op code or pseudo instruction is coded in this field Operand field Object of processing by op code or pseudo instruction is coded in this field Comment field Specification in this field is not processed by the assembler and the user can use this field for any purpose There are five types of lines 1 Instruction line An instruction line specifies a 7700 Family instruction The assembler converts
107. Warning Messages A 3 Warning Messages When a warning condition is detected RASM77 outputs a warning message to the screen and to a PRN file Table A 3 lists the warning messages 1 57 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES Table A 3 List of Warning Messages Warning No Warning Message Description and User Action 1 Phase warning 1 Pseudo instruction ORG specifies an address smaller than the previous address Example ORG 0E000H MAIN LDA A WORK ORG 0C000H 2 Instruction references a label or symbol that is defined later This warning message is output only for absolute section Example LDA TBL X TBL BYTE 051 2 374 Either define the label or symbol before the line that references it or specify DP or DT in operand 2 END statement in include file Pseudo instruction END is specified in an include file Specify the END instruction in the source file 3 Line number is out of range The operand of a CLINE instruction exceeds 9999 4 Too many actual macro The number of actual parameters for a macro parameters call is greater than the number of dummy parameters 5 Too few actual macro parameters The number of dummy parameters for a macro call is less than the number of actual parameters 6 Bit length is different from label or Length of label of symbol reference is different symbol from its definition 7 EQU symbol is multiple defined The s
108. a TAG file and starts an editor Editor s program name is specified as follows E editor name Example A gt RASM77 SRCFILE lt gt The item in may be omitted and if omitted only TAG file creation is performed When an editor name is specified the editor is started after termination of assembly by using the TAG file that has been created as the argument If no error occurs editor is not started The symbol M FLAG or X FLAG that holds the flag status of m or x that is currently assumed by RASM77 is made usable By using this command parameter to perform conditional judgment of M FLAG or X FLAG with 8 or 16 in the operand of conditional assemble pseudo instruction the status of the above flag assumed by RASM77 is determined whether 8 bits or 16 bits long making it possible to separate processing in a macro etc Creates file file is not created unless this command parameter is specified LC Outputs to PRN file the false condition part when performing conditional assembly with IF instruction and the conversion string in instruction and DEFINE pseudo instruction These items are not output to the PRN file if this parameter is not specified LD and LDO For the lines using the DEFINE pseudo instruction and operator only the replaced result lines are output to a print file LD1 For the lines using the DEFINE pseudo ins
109. able file can be linked by LINK77 to create Intel HEX format machine language data Relocatable file is not created if an assembler error has occurred File extension of relocatable file is R77 Relocatable files should not be output to a printer or screen because they are in binary format 2 Print file hereafter referred to as file A PRN file contains source file data addresses of source file data locations and various data created by RASM77 A PRN file can be printed and used for debugging file is generated when the command parameter L is specified The file extension of PRN files is PRN The structure of PRN files is described in detail in Section 2 3 3 TAG file A TAG file contains the assembly error messages and warning messages that were generated during assembly The file extension of TAG files is TAG TAG file should be referred to when making error corrections using an editor file is generated when the command parameter E is specified The structure of TAG files is described in detail in Section 2 4 2 3 Structure of PRN File Figures 2 1 through 2 5 show sample PRN files A PRN file contains the following information 1 Source file data addresses of source file data locations and data created by RASM77 Figures 2 1 to 2 3 show this portion of PRN file Aline that references an external label is marked by next to the source file data
110. al flags Therefore the user program must control the assembler s default value to be consistent with the processor status 2 Immediate value must be used when specifying the data length directly in the operand of an instruction 1 22 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 3 Setting Direct and Absolute Addressing 4 3 Setting Direct Page and Absolute Addressing the 7700 Family CPU has two internal registers named direct page register DPR and data bank register DT to enable memory accessing with the least number of codes for each type of address space By using these registers 7700 Family s memory space 16M bytes can be accessed more efficiently The functions of DPR and DT are described below 1 Direct page register DPR DPR is a 16 bit register At the machine language data level direct addressing specifies the target address with an 8 bit offset to DPR Bank is always 0 If only a label is specified in the source program s operand field the assembler checks whether the label is within offset values 00 to OFFH from the current DPR value When direct addressing is possible the assembler calculates the offset value and generates machine language data 2 Data bank register DT DT is an 8 bit register At the machine language data level absolute addressing specifies a low order 16 bit address with the value in DT as the bank address If only a label is specified in the source program s operand field the assembl
111. al symbols used in the program along with their absolute addresses This portion of the MAP file is output only when the command parameter MS is specified 7700 Family LINKER V 2 02 10 MAP FILE hu Jul 31 10 41 53 1997 ECTION FILENAM E ALIGNMENT AIN R77 SUB R77 TIL LIB CALC R77 AIN R77 SUB R77 UTIL LIB CALC R77 AIN R77 SUB R77 GLOBAL LABEL INFORMATION ACNT 000030 COUNT 00009C 0000A4 DATA1 0000A6 MAIN 00C000 0000C6 GLOBAL SYMBOL INFORMATION Figure 2 1 MAP File Output Example 7 Global label is a label that has been defined in another file 8 Global symbol is a label that has been defined by the pseudo instruction EQU in another file 3 4 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 1 Purpose of Sections CHAPTER 3 Function of Section 3 1 Purpose of Sections A program written in assembly language typically consists of a RAM area program area and fixed data area When RASM77 assembles a source file it creates a relocatable file which contains at least one of these areas Each of these areas is called a section The contents and purpose of sections are described below by referring to specific examples Two relocatable files shown in Figure 3 1 MAIN R77 and SUB R77 provide the most clear ex amples of sections Each of these relocatable files has a RAM area program area and fixed data area Reloc
112. ame before starting a program SOURCE Decalres the source file name necessary for source level debugging This pseudo instruction is generated by PRE77 2 22 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 6 1 Starting PRE77 CHAPTER 6 Operation 6 1 Starting PRE77 Before PRE77 can be executed the following information input parameters must be input 1 Structured preprocessor source program filename required 2 Command parameters 6 2 Input Parameters 6 2 1 Source Filename 1 The name of the source file to be processed by the structured preprocessor is specified Source filename must always be specified Only one source filename may be specified 2 If the file extension P77 is omitted P77 is selected as default 3 By specifying a full filename files with other file extensions can be processed by PRE77 However an error will occur if A77 is specified as the file extension because PRE77 uses 77 as the extension of the generated files 4 Filename can be specified with directory path If only filename is specified PRE77 processes a file in the current drive s current directory The following example shows an example of assembling TEST P77 in directory WORK on drive C Example A gt PRE77 C WORK TEST lt RET gt 6 2 2 Command Parameters 1 Command parameters may be specified in either uppercase or lowercase 2 The same command parameter may be specified more than once Each parameter must be
113. ame symbol is used more than once in a EQU pseudo instruction 8 Addressing mode warning Addressing mode other than the one specified with the label is used 9 Value warning An invalid operand is specified as operand 1 58 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp B 1 Conventions APPENDIX B Pseudo Instructions B 1 Conventions Pseudo instructions that can be used with RASM77 are explained alphabetically The following conventions are used in describing each pseudo instruction 1 Item may be omitted 2 Space or tab code is indicated by or A A is a required space or tab code and A is an optional space or tab code i e may be omitted 3 A is used to separate a label from pseudo instruction When specifying a label a colon is not required but if it is omitted either a space or a tab code must be specified between the label and pseudo instruction B 2 Pseudo Instructions 1 59 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS ADDR Define address data 3 byte Format A label A ADDR Description Defines byte constant data Data is defined from low order byte it is defined from high order byte in the OBJ field of the PRN file Up to 8 data can be defined but each data must be delimited by global label may be defined in the operand field Example TABLE ADDR 5451 Defines value of subl from low order byte ASSER
114. ample if flag work 1 else work 2 endif 2 39 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS LBREAK LBREAK statement Format ALBREAK Description The Ibreak statement stops execution of the corresponding for do or switch construct and passes control to the next statement be use only within a for do or switch construct Arelative address branch instruction BRAL is generated Example for flagl if flag2 lbreak endif jsr output next 2 40 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions LCONTINUE LCONTINUE statement Format A label ALCONTINUE Description continue statement creates a dummy null statement at the end of the innermost for or do construct containing this statement and passes control to that statement be use only within a for or do construct Arelative address branch instruction BRAL is generated Example for flagl if flag2 lcontinue endif jsr output next 2 41 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS LDO WHILE LDO statement Format A label ALDO statement A label AWHILE condition expression Description Ido statement repeats a group of statements while the specified condition expression is true The decision to repeat or not is made aft
115. are not in list format so that they should not be printed or displayed on screen Library files have the extension LIB 2 Listfile hereafter referred to as LST file ALST file contains tables of the names of relocatable files global labels and symbols etc in a library file ALST file is created when the command parameter L is specified LST file has the extension LST Organization of LST file is described in the next section 3 Relocatable files The relocatable files created by LIB77 are reproduction of the relocatable files that have been cataloged in a library file e Relocatable files are created when the command parameter is specified The extracted relocatable files are identical to the pre cataloging relocatable files that have been created by RASM77 Relocatable files have the extension R77 4 Backup file When a library file is updated LIB77 retains the pre updating library file as a backup file Backup file is always created when a library file is updated Backup files have the extension BAK 4 3 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW 2 4 Organization of LST File Figures 2 1 2 2 and 2 3 are sample LST file printouts A LST file includes the following information 1 Module names table Figure 2 1 The module names table contains the following information contained in a library file Module name Shows the module names that are cataloged in a
116. atable file Relocatable file MAIN R77 SUB R77 RAM area RAM area Section name WORKRAM Section name WORKRAM Fixed data area Fixed data area Section name DROM Section name DROM Program area Program area Section name PROM Section name PROM Figure 3 1 Configuration of Relocatable File To arrange these relocatable files in the memory space as illustrated in Figure 3 2 the sections to be linked together must be assigned an identical section name in advance with the pseudo instruc tion SECTION Then the sections with identical section name are placed in a contiguous area by the linkage process LINK77 allows specification of the starting address for each section at the time of linkage 3 5 2tENESAS Renesas Technology Corp CHAPTER 3 FUNCTION SECTION Section control command WORKRAM 10016 PROM C00016 DROM Output file HEX file name Address MAIN HEX 00010016 Section name WORKRAM WORKRAM of MAIN R77 WORKRAM of SUB R77 00020016 Free area 00C00016 Section name PROM PROM of MAIN R77 PROM of SUB R77 Section name PROM PROM of MAIN R77 DRROM of SUBB R77 Figure 3 2 System Memory Map In this way LINK77 commands enable generation of machine language data corresponding to the final locations on the user system 3 2 Attributes of Sections Each section has two types of basic information called address attribute and physical attribute These attributes are explained in details below 3 6 434 NESAS
117. ative address from 65535 to 65534 DPR Direct page register PG Program bank register DT Data bank register PS Processor status register C Carry flag Z Zero flag Interrupt disable D Decimal mode flag A Index register length selection M Data length selection flag V Overflow flag N Negative flag DBR Data bank register PBR Program bank register PSR Processor status register 1 106 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 0 1 Symbols Notes 1 DP DT LG Use these symbols to explicitly specify direct addressing absolute addressing or absolute long addressing zz or hhll is treated as offset from the beginning of the direct page or data bank register only when symbol is specified including symbol specified with the D parameter If label is specified for zz or hhll the difference between the value of the label and the value in the currently specified register is treated as offset Immediate imm Normally the data length is the default length defined with the DATA or INDEX pseudo instruction However it can be explicitly specified for each instruction by appending the symbol or W after the instruction code Example 1 ADC B A data gt Assembled as 8 bit data Example 2 ADC W A data gt Assembled as 16 bit data RASM77 does not change the status of the CPU internal data length selection m and index register length selection flag x This is left up t
118. bel Operation 26 4 4 4 Disabling Addressing Mode Selection 28 1 i 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp Chapter 5 Pseudo Instruction Coding Method 5 1 Function of Pseudo Instructions 30 5 2 Assembly Control Pseudo Instructions 32 5 2 4 Data Length 32 5 2 2 DPR and DT Value Declaration 4 44 4 32 5 2 9 Conditional Assermibly 32 5 2 4 Include File 32 90 sre WE o eee asnu 32 5 2 6 Declare End or Assembly uuu odas EE es E ddr tas 32 5 2 7 Message 1 4 sn tnter sinn ases nene 33 5 2 8 Assembly Error Output e 33 5 2 9 Define EE 33 5 3 Address Control Pseudo Instructions 33 5 3 1 Address Declaration iati edie ei seceded denne 33 5 3 2 Memory e ee EE 33 5 8 5 Data let EE eegene Sa 33 5 3 4 Correct Address Alignment AA 33 5 4 Linkage Control Pseudo Instructions 34 5 4 1 Section Name 34 5 4 2 Global Label Name Specification scia misserin 34 5 4 3 Linkage Filename Specification 34 5 4 4 Version Control 34 5 5 Listing Control
119. bly source file contents error RASM77 command input error OS error Force termination by AC control C input 7 5 Environment Variables RASM77 uses the following MS DOS environment variables 1 TMP77 This variable specifies the name of the directory in which temporary files are created during assembly If this environment variable is not set the temporary files are created in the current directory Example SET TMP77 A NTMP 2 INC77 This variable specifies the directory of the files included during assembly If the file specified with the INCLUDE pseudo instruction cannot be found it is loaded from this directory However this environment variable is ignored if the INCLUDE operand specifies a path Example SET INC77 A INCLUDE 1 49 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES APPENDIX Error Messages A 1 System Error Messages When a system error is detected during assembly RASM77 outputs an error message on the screen and cancels assembly Table A 1 lists the system error messages 1 50 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 1 System Error Messages Table A 1 List of System Error Messages Error Message Description and User Action Usage rasm77 lt gt dSYMBOL1 DATA1 e I oPATH x input is invalid Check the HELP screen and reenter the command Can t open xxx File cannot
120. ce with the pseudo variable EQU as follows Example BITSYM EQU 1 1000H bit symbol definition if BITSYM bit symbol reference else endif 3 Register variables These variables refer to the various 7700 Family registers These variables are reserved as register names and should be codes as is There is no need to enclose these variables or No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters Therefore both A and a are valid A Accumulator A B Accumulator B X Index register X Y Index register Y S Stack pointer PC Program counter DT Data bank register DPR Direct page register PS Processor status register 2 56 434 N ESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Syntax Diagram 4 Register bit variables Accumulator bits referenced in 7700 Family accumulator bit addressing mode The following names are reserved by PRE77 No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters Therefore both and bit are valid Refer to table 4 1 for the list of reserved words 5 Flag variables These are the flags in the 7700 Family status register The following names are reserved by PRE77 No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters Therefore both C and c are valid C Carry flag Interrupt disable XF Index register length selection flag V Overflow flag IPL Processor interrupt priority level Zero flag Dec
121. ced 3 Division by 0 Arithmetic expression includes division by O Check the arithmetic expression 4 Illegal operand Operand specification contains illegal character Example LDA A 10 Check operand specification 5 Improper operand type Mnemonic and operand combination is invalid Example ADC B A work Check instruction specification format 6 Invalid label definition Label is defined where it is not allowed Example 1 ABEL1 LINE 60 Delete the definition label Example 2 ABEL2 EQU 100 Change the label to a symbol 1 52 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Assembly Error Messages Error No Error Message Meaning and Actions 7 Invalid symbol definition Symbol is defined where it is not allowed Example SYMBOL LINE 60 Delete the symbol definition 8 Out of maximum program size Address exceeds 0FFFFFFH Example ORG OFFFFFOH WORD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Modify the program so that address will be within the permitted range 9 Label or symbol is multiple defined Same label or symbol is defined more than once Example MAIN NOP MAIN NOP Check the label or symbol name 10 Nesting error The pseudo instruction INCLUDE is nested Modify the program so than the pseudo instruction is not nested 11 No END statement END statement is missing in source file Specify the END statement at the end of program 12 No symbol defin
122. ches automatically to the prompt mode Figure 4 3 Example of Command Line Input 1 A gt LINK77 MAIN SUB WORKRAM 100 PROM C000 ONWORK M S R Figure 4 4 Example of Command Line Input 2 Parameters Omitted A gt LINK77 MAIN SUB WORKRAM 100 000 DROM RET Figure 4 5 Example of Command Line Input 3 Command Parameters Omitted 3 13 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 OPERATION 4 3 3 Command File Input Mode The command file input mode has the following features 1 In this input mode linkage commands are created in advance in a command file using an editor and the name of this command file is specified when starting LINK77 2 The command file input mode is convenient when the command line input mode cannot be used because there are too many characters in the commands to be input 3 The command file input mode can also be used when specifying execution commands in a batch file or a make file 4 Command filename is entered using 9 as prefix when starting LINK77 as shown in Figure 4 6 In the example shown in Figure 4 6 the contents of the file CMD DAT are executed as commands 5 Commands can be specified in a command file in the same manner as when using the command line input mode except that LINK77 need not be specified to start LINK77 Line feed code is ignored so that a long command can be specified on multiple lines The com mands in the exampl
123. cimal numeric constant the value must be followed by H or h If the hexadecimal value begins with an alphabetic character A to F 0 must be specified at the beginning Example 1 EQU 64H Example 2 EQU OABH 2 Character string constant e ASCII code character be used in a character string constant e Character string constant must be enclosed between single quotes or double quotes Example CHAR EQU A Sets 41H 3 Label or symbol Alabel normally indicates an address but they do not have any value because PRE77 does not process labels A symbol has a 32 bit data value 4 Expression Numeric expression can be specified as a combination of operators numeric constants character string constants labels or symbols An expression is calculated from left to right No operator priorities are recognized Example 1 2 3 gt Result is 6 Example 2 2416 2 gt Result is 4 Table 3 1 lists the operators that may be used with PRE77 2 10 434 N ESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 4 Field Coding Method Table 3 1 List of Operators Operator Description O O gt gt aMK Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Remainder of division lt lt Left shift gt gt Right shift amp Logical AND on bits Logical OR on bits Logical exclusive OR bits Unary operator specifyin
124. contains space tab comma or a reserved word Format character string 94 Used to concatenate macro argument with a character string Format 1 character string argument 2 argument character string 1 38 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 6 3 Macro Operators Notes 1 Serves escape character and nullifies the special meaning of the character that fol lows Example Macro Definition DATA MACRO VAL VAL END Call example DATA HELLO Macro expansion BYTE HELLO END 2 When the macro expansion result is output to a print file comments beginning with one semicolon is output in the macro expansion but comments beginning with two semico lons are not Macro Definition LOOP MACRO LOCAL LOOP1 LDA 20 COMMENT LOOP1 DEC A COMMEN BNE COMMEN ENDM Call example LOOP Macro expansion LDA A 420 COMMENT 0 DEC A BNE 0 ENDM 1 39 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 6 MACRO INSTRUCTION 3 Ifan argument in the operand contains space tab comma or reserved word the argument must be enclosed in double quotes Example Macro Definition SUB REPEATI INST NOP LDA 1 INST ENDM Macro expansion SUB NOP LDA 1 RTS ENDM 4 The following code
125. control pseudo instructions Performs controls related to linkage processing There are 8 pseudo instructions in this group SECTION Specifies section name DPEXT DTEXT EXT PUB Specifies global label name OBJ LIB Specifies linkage filename VER Specifies version 4 Listing control pseudo instructions Performs controls related to output of PRN file There are 7 pseudo instructions in this group Specifies new page and title COL UNE Specifies listing format columns and row count LIST NLIST Outputs suppresses list LISTM NLISTM Outputs suppresses macro expansion list 5 Source level debug support Outputs information necessary for source line debug to object file There are 6 pseudo instructions in this group CLINE Outputs column information FUNC ENDFUNC Specifies start end of function LANGUAGE Outputs the language used POINTER Sets the pointer length SOURCE Sets the source file name 6 Reserved pseudo instructions Anumber of pseudo instructions are reserved for future use These instructions do not affect assembly There are 9 pseudo instructions in this group PROGNAME Declares program name ENDIO RAM ENDRAM Declares RAM area name PROCMAIN PROCSUB PROCINT ENDPROC Declares module name Functions of each pseudo instruction group are described in the next section 1 31 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 5 PSEUDO INSTRUCTION CODING MET
126. d and 57 lines per page fixed This file can be printed out for use in debugging and editing Cross reference file has the extension CRF 2 3 Organization of CRF File Figure 2 1 is a sample CRF file printouts A CRF file includes the following information 5 2 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 3 Organization of File 1 Label and symbol names with line numbers where they are referenced or defined Definition line number is suffix by a number sign and subroutine referencing line is suffix by an ampersand 8 2 Up to 32 characters are printed for each label or symbol name The list is formatted for the longest name 3 The title specified by the pseudo instruction PAGE is printed as the list header Up to 30 characters 4 CRF77 does not evaluate the values of labels and symbols in the source program Accord ingly CRF77 cannot perform conditional assembly 7700 Family CROSS REFERE E V 2 10 10 0 3926 8549 9079 9100 3884 5668 93966 9587 9588 95901 120114 1213 1235 1241 12494 4994 5013 5016 5015 300 1025 9154 8302 9145 8157 8149 Figure 2 1 CRF File Example 5 3 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 OPERATION CHAPTER 3 Operation 3 1 Starting CRF77 To execute CRF77 the following information input parameters must be input 1 Source filenames required 2 Command parameters 3 2 Input Parameter
127. d by LINK77 Chapter 3 Function of Section Describes section which is the basic unit in which LINK77 manipulates programs Chapter 4 Operation Explains how to enter LINK77 commands Appendix A Error Messages Lists the messages output by LINK77 along with explanation of the errors and the actions to be taken Appendix B Original HEX Format for 7700 Family Describes the original HEX format that is used to output 1 M bytes or larger machine language data for 7700 Family 3 1 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW CHAPTER 2 Overview The LINK77 linkage editor links relocatable files created by the RASM77 relocatable assembler with library files and creates a 7700 Family machine language data file 2 1 Functions LINK77 can be used together with LIB77 To maximize the utility of these software products LINK77 offers the following functions 1 Places the sections of different relocatable files that have the same section name at contigu ous locations in the linked file 2 The sequence in which sections are to be placed in the linked file can be specified Also the starting address for each section can be specified 3 Library files created by LIB77 can be used 4 Machine language data for the entire 16M byte memory space of 7700 Family can be generated 5 file which is useful for debugging is created 6 Symbolic file that is necessary for symbolic debugging by debugger i
128. de pseudo instruction field The specification format is described below 1 No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters for op codes and pseudo instructions Thus both NOP and nop mean the same This field is described in more detail in Chapters 4 and 5 3 3 3 Operand Field Information regarding the target of op code or pseudo instruction is specified in the operand field The specification format is described below 1 Ifthere two or more operand data they must be separated by a comma 2 Space or tab code may be specified on either side of a comma This field is described in more detail in Section 3 4 3 3 4 Comment Field Any user information may be specified in the comment field The specification format is described below 1 A comment field must begin with a semicolon 2 Any character may be used in the comment field 3 4 Operand Field Coding Method 3 4 1 Data Format Operand field may be specified with data in any of the following four data formats 1 Numeric constant numeric constant can be specified as a positive or negative value by using the or instruction as prefix If neither nor is specified the numeric constant is processed as a positive value A binary octal decimal or hexadecimal number may be specified as a numeric constant When specifying a binary numeric constant the value must be followed B or b Example
129. define 000H 000H 000H WORK1 25 DP F cline SEII BBC if D cline BBC LDM gef cline LDM en cline endif cline MNSE BRA next cline BI endfunc END X WORK2 ECTION PROGRAM unc Ssample 0 LAG 0 1 12 00001H DP P FLAG 1 13 00002H DP FLAG 1 13 DP WORK1 0 14 0 DP WORK1 DP FLAG 2 1 15 00004H DP FLAG 2 15 DP WORK2 0 16 0 DP WORK2 dif 17 18 F1 19 _sample_0 Figure 2 2 Assembly File Example Source Level Debug Information Output 2 4 2tENESAS Renesas Technology Corp 2 2 Files Created 2 Tag file This file contains error messages and warning messages generated during PRE77 pro cessing The file extension is PTG tag file should be referenced when correcting errors with an editor tag file is output when the command parameter E is specified Figure 2 3 shows an example of a tag file E P77 120 TOTAL LIN Error 9 else not associated with if E P77 135 LINE Error 13 break not inside for do or switch 8 277 140 LINE Error 6 Not in conditional block Figure 2 3 Tag File Example 2 5 434 NESAS Renesas Technology Corp CHAPTER 3 Source Program Coding Method CHAPTER 3 Source Program Coding Method 3 1 Structure of Sourc
130. dress attribute RAM attribute is referred to as RAM type hereafter 3 All sections that have the identical section name must have the same physical attribute 3 3 Basic Functions of Sections 1 Sections having the identical section name are placed in contiguous locations by linkage editing Sections with different section names are never placed between sections with identi cal section name 2 Within a group of sections with the identical section name sections are placed in the order in which relocatable files are specified in the linkage command 3 7 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 OPERATION CHAPTER 4 Operation 4 1 Starting LINK77 To execute LINK77 the following information input parameters must be input 1 Relocatable filenames required 2 Library filenames 3 Section control information 4 Command parameters Input parameters for LINK77 execution can be input in any of the following three modes depending on the operating environment 1 Prompt mode 2 Command line input mode 3 Command file input mode Same input parameters are used for the three input modes available Also same commands can be executed regardless of the input mode being used The input parameters are explained in Section 4 2 and each input mode is explained in detail by referring to examples in Section 4 3 4 2 Input Parameters 4 2 1 Relocatable Filename 1 Relocatable filenames must always be input 2 LINK77 process
131. duce in whole or in part these materials f these products or technologies are subject to the Japanese export control restrictions they must be exported under a license from the Japanese government and cannot be imported into a country other than the approved destination Any diversion or reexport contrary to the export control laws and regulations of Japan and or the country of destination is prohibited Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation or Renesas Solutions Corporation for further details on these materials or the products contained therein For inquiries about the contents of this document or product fill in the text file the installer generates in the following directory and email to your local distributor SUPPORT Product name SUPPORT TXT Renesas Tools Homepage __http www renesas com en tools Preface RASM77 is a relocatable assembler for the 7700 Family microcomputers RASM77 creates ma chine language data files debugging information files etc from source programs written in 7700 Family assembly language for the 7700 Family microcomputers This user s manual describes the functions and operation of the following programs that make up the software product RASM77 OQ GQ Relocatable assembler RASM77 Structured preprocessor PRE77 Linkage editor LINK77 Librarian LIB77 Cross referencer CRF77 This manual does not guarantee nor authorize the right to use the software Organization of RAS
132. e Operation The addressing mode can be selected explicitly regardless of the value in the DPR and DT registers when public specification pseudo instruction PUB and external reference specification pseudo instruction EXT are used for data and one of the following addressing mode specifiers is used in the symboleabsolute value in the operand except when OFF is specified as the operand of the DP or DT pseudo instruction DP ueni Direct addressing DI Absolute addressing e Bc ac Absolute long addressing Example EXT SYM1 lt Specified as public PUB in another file SECTION PRO AND A DP SYM1 lt Direct addressing AND DT SYM1 lt Absolute addressing AND LG SYM1 lt Absolute long addressing If an instruction can select direct mode absolute mode or absolute long mode and uses a symbol that has an absolute value the value is compared with the value in DPR and registers at the location of the instruction and the addressing mode that provides the most efficient memory usage is selected 1 25 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION CODING METHOD Example SECTION DATA ORG 100H LAB1 BLKW 1 SECTION PRO DT 0 DP 100H LDA A 100H TDA LDT 0 AND A 1 lt Direct addressing 4 4 3 Addressing Mode During Label Operation The addressing mode can be selected explicitly regardless of the value in the DPR and DT registers when public specification pseudo i
133. e PRN file header PUB Declare public label or symbol Format PUR Jabel or symboll label or symbol label or symbol Description Declares that the symbols or labels specified in the operand field can be referenced from other source files This pseudo instruction must be specified before the lines that define the labels or symbols Example PUB WORK1 WORK2 WORK3 WORK1 BLKW1 WORK2 BLKW1 WORK3 1 1 80 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions SECTION Declare section name Format A SECTION Description RASM77 processes a source program in units called sections This pseudo instruction de clares the section name specified in the operand field as the name of the program section that begins on next line Any name may be specified for section name There may be more than one section with same section name in a file This pseudo instruction must always be specified before starting the program code An error occurs if it is not specified Example SECTION DATA DATA section begins datatop nulldt BLKB 8 SECTION STACK STACK section begins BLKB1000H stacktop SECTION PROG PROG section begins init DATA16 INDEX 16 CLP OFFH LDA A stacktop TAS LDA SIZEOF DATA LDX OFFSET constop LDY OFFSET datatop MVN BANK constop BANK datatop SECTION CONT CON
134. e Program A PRE77 source program is made up of lines Each source program line must comply with the following rules 1 Each line must be complete by itself and an instruction cannot be coded on more than one line 2 Each line may contain no more than 256 characters The PRE77 ignores coding beyond 256 characters 3 Each line consists of the following fields Symbol label field Label for referencing this line from other locations or symbol whose value is to be set by the EQU pseudo instruction is coded in this field e Op code pseudo instruction field 7700 Family instruction mnemonic hereafter referred to as op code or pseudo instruction is coded in this field Operand field Object of processing by op code or pseudo instruction is coded in this field Comment field Specification in this field is not processed by PRE77 and the user can use this field for any purpose There are five types of lines 1 Instruction line An instruction line specifies an 7700 Family instruction This line is not processed by PRE77 2 Structured preprocessor instruction line This line contains the 7700 Family structured preprocessor instruction Assembly instruction lines are generated from this line 3 Pseudo instruction line This line contains only pseudo instruction that is processed by PRE77 4 Macro instruction line A macro instruction line specifies the macro definition This line is processed by the assem bler 2 6 434
135. e Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression Note The generated branch instruction BRA is output as JMPL Example 11 jsr output while flag 2 48 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions LLFOR NEXT LLFOR statement Format A label JALLFOR condition expression statement A label JANEXT Description statement repeats a group of statements while the specified condition expression is true Anendless loop is formed if ever is specified as the condition expression e Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression Note The generated branch instruction BRA is output as JMPL Example llfor flag jsr output next 2 49 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS LLGOTO LLGOTO statement Format A label ALLGOTO Description llgoto statement causes an unconditional jump to any address that is explicitly indicated in the program This statement can be written at any position in the program Use a label to specify the jump address Relative address branch instruction JMPL is generated Example for 1ag1 if 1ag2 llgoto 1 endif jsr output LAB1 jsr inout next 2 50 434 NESAS Renesas Technology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions
136. e a label from pseudo instruction A colon is required when coding a label C 2 Pseudo Instructions 2 69 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS CLINE Output line number information Format A CLINE numeric value Description Defines the line number information necessary during structured preprocessor source debug ging This pseudo instruction is generated automatically by PRE77 Note This pseudo instruction enables source debugging If this instruction is explicitly coded a warning is issued and that line is changed to a comment DATA Declare data length default is 16 Format DATA expression Description e Declares the CPU internal data length 8 or 16 Indicates an 8 bit data if the value of expression is 8 16 bit data if value of expression is 16 This pseudo instruction affects the immediate data length of immediate addressing modes related to the M flag The new data length must be declared with this pseudo instruction when changing data length with the SEM or CLM instruction Note that this pseudo instruction only declares the data length to PRE77 and assembler and it does not manipulate the data length selection flag m for the CPU internal processor status register Note Macro arguments cannot be coded as the operand of this pseudo instruction Example SEM Sets M flag 8 Specifies data length VA
137. e shown in Figure 4 5 can be created in a command file illustrated in Figure 4 7 6 When a required command parameter is missing LINK77 automatically switches to the prompt mode For example if the second comma in the last line of the example in Figure 4 7 is missing LINK77 switches to the prompt mode screen and prompts for command param eter input A gt LINK77 CMD DAT lt RET gt Figure 4 6 Specifying a Command File MAIN SUB WORKRAM 100 PROM C000 DROM pa Figure 4 7 Example of Command File Specification 3 14 434 N ESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 4 Errors 4 4 Errors 4 4 1 Error Types The following types of errors may occur during execution of LINK77 1 OSerrors Errors related to the environment in which LINK77 is executed These errors include disk and memory shortages When such an error occurs the error message list in Appendix A should be checked and the appropriate OS command should be entered 2 LINK77 command line input errors These are the errors in the LINK77 startup command line The input command should be checked against the descriptions in this chapter and a correct command line must be re entered 3 Errors in relocatable files to be linked These are errors in the contents of the relocatable files being linked such as duplicate global label definitions and referencing of undefined symbols The source files must be checked and re assembled if necessary 4 LINK77 function er
138. ect addressing in assembler instructions is described in detail in Section 4 3 4 Absolute addressing mode This addressing mode is for using the 8 bit value in the data bank register DT as the base address and specifying the lower level 16 bit address in the machine language data The method of coding absolute addressing in assembler instructions is described in detail in Section 4 3 5 Absolute long addressing mode In this addressing mode a 24 bit address value is specified in the operand field The entire memory space of 7700 Family can be used This addressing mode is used when the label specified in the operand field cannot be processed in the direct or absolute addressing mode The method of coding absolute long addressing in assembler instructions is described in detail in Section 4 3 1 19 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER A INSTRUCTION CODING METHOD 6 Indexed addressing mode In this addressing mode address of the data to be processed is modified by the content of register X or Y Register name must be specified after a comma Example ADC A DATA1 X 7 Direct indirect addressing mode In this addressing mode the data to be processed is specified indirectly by memory address The memory location where the 2 byte address of the data to be processed is stored is specified in the operand field The high order 8 bits contain the data bank register value The memory address is specified in the operand field by t
139. ecution of the corresponding for do or switch construct and passes control to the next statement be use only within a for do or switch construct Arelative address branch instruction JMPL is generated Example for flagl if flag2 llbreak endif jsr output next 2 46 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions LLCONTINUE LLCONTINUE statement Format A label ALLCONTINUE Description llcontinue statement creates a dummy null statement at the end of the innermost for or do construct containing this statement and passes control to that statement be use only within a for or do construct Arelative address branch instruction JMPL is generated Example for flagl if flag2 llcontinue endif jsr output next 2 47 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS LLDO WHILE LLDO statement Format A label ALLDO statement A label AWHILE condition expression Description Ildo statement repeats a group of statements while the specified condition expression is true The decision to repeat or not is made after executing the statement Therefore the Ildo statement is useful in cases where the repeated statements are to be executed once more after the condition is satisfied Anendless loop is formed if ever is specified as the condition expression
140. ed preprocessor instructions provided by PRE77 Appendix C Pseudo Instructions Lists and explains all pseudo instructions provided by PRE77 2 1 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW CHAPTER 2 Overview The structured preprocessor allows the use of structured programming statements such as if and for which are not available in assembly language This simplifies program development using the source level debugging functions of the 7700 Family debugger control software and improves development performance compared with development in straight assembly language 2 1 Function PRE77 converts programs written in 7700 Family structured preprocessor language into RASM77 assembly program PRE77 can be used together with RASM77 LINK77 and LIB77 The following functions are provided 1 Process RASM77 pseudo instructions INCLUDE DATA INDEX EQU 2 Process files included with INCLUDE 3 Generate assembly language source program file that can be assembled by RASM77 4 Output CLINE FUNC ENDFUNC that can be used for source line debugging with debugger 5 Process structured preprocessor code within macro definitions In addition the structure preprocessor generates a tag file containing error descriptions facilitates correction of preprocessor errors 2 2 Files Created PRE77 generates the following two types of files 1 LINK77 is the name
141. egister A may be generated Note that the following code will result in code using register A When condition expression is coded only with memory variable or memory bit variable Example if MEM jar subl endif Memory bit variable assignment statement is coded in absolute long addressing mode 2 17 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS 11 Assembly language instruction using register A will be generated if an expression containing X and Y registers is coded 12 PRE77 does not process the macro instruction itself Therefore structured descriptions using macro arguments cannot be processed correctly 13 The codes generated when writing multiply divide instructions in the structured description language are processed using the data length that is set in the 7700 family s data length select flag Consequently the 8 or 16 high order bits of the operation result are not taken into account For example when using the value of 8 or 16 high order bits derived from a multiply operation write an instruction to store the content of the B register in memory immediately after the line where the multiply instruction is written as shown below data 16 blkw 2 mem2 blkw 1 mem3 blkw 1 mem1 mem2 mem3 mem142 B 2 18 RenesasTechnology Corp 4 4 Operators Structured Instruction 4 4 Operators in Structured Instruction Table
142. en on a user system that has ROM and RAM memories that are divided into large number of separate areas 3 Versions of the relocatable files being linked can be verified by specifying the version number with the pseudo instruction VER 4 The relocatable files to be linked can be specified by the pseudo instructions LIB and OBJ This feature eliminates the need for specifying filenames during linkage editing RASM77 also has the following assembly functions 1 The most efficient addressing mode is automatically selected based on the values in the direct page register DPR and data bank register DT 2 A TAG file that stores error information can be created This feature enables efficient assembly error correction 3 Because RAM and ROM areas can coexist in a file RASM77 can also be used as an absolute assembler Linkage is required 1 LINK77 is the program name of the Series 7700 Family linkage editor LIB77 is the program name of the Series 7700 Family librarian 3 This file is called a TAG file because it contains tags that show the locations of errors and warnings 1 3 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW 2 2 Files Created by RASM77 RASM77 creates three types of files as described below 1 Relocatable file Arelocatable file contains machine language data and its relocation information Arelocatable file contains symbol information for use in symbolic debugging Arelocat
143. enient when there are only few relocatable files and sections to be linkage edited It is also convenient for setting address by trial and error 3 11 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 OPERATION 3 LINK77 automatically switches to the prompt mode when the necessary commands are missing in the input command line or command file The prompt mode is started by entering LINK77 RET from the MS DOS prompt LINK77 outputs the following messages to the screen when the prompt mode is started gt 77 RET 7700 Family LINKER V 2 02 10 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All Rights Reserved Relocatable files R77 Figure 4 1 LINK77Starting Screen The last line in Figure 4 1 shows that LINK77 is waiting for input of relocatable filenames Names of the relocatable files to be linked must be entered to the right of LINK77 then waits for entry of library filenames followed by section control information and command parameters in this order Entries should be made as illustrated in Figure 4 2 A gt LINK77 RET 7700 Family LINKER V 2 02 10 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All Rights Reserved Relocatable files R77 MAIN SUB lt RET gt Libraries LIB UTIL1 UTIL2 lt RET
144. ent Check the program 26 No ends statement There is no ends statement corresponding to a switch statement Check the program 27 cant include a77 file The extension of the specified include file is a77 Specify extension other than a77 for an include file 28 ENDM not associated with macro The for the macro instruction is not written Write ENDM 29 No SECTION statement The SECTION instruction is preceded by a statement that generates instruction code Write SECTION before a statement to generate instruction code 2 31 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES A 3 Warning Messages When a warning condition is detected a warning message is output to the screen Table A 3 shows a list of possible warning messages Table A 3 List of Warning Messages Warning no Warning message Description 1 Statement has not effect The statement is meaningless 2 Not CASE values for SWITCH There is no CASE statement within a SWITCH statement construct 3 Statement not preceded by There is an instruction before a CASE or CASE or DEFAULT DEFAUT statement in a SWITCH construct 4 EQU operand is not symbol The operand of an EQU instruction is not a symbol 5 END statement in include file The pseudo instruction END is coded in an include file 6 Different DATA or INDEX length The bit length specified with DATA or IN
145. er checks if the current DT value and the label s high order 8 bit value are identical When absolute addressing is possible the assem bler calculates the low order 16 bit value and generates machine language data Table 4 3 summarizes the relations of DPR and DT to assembler Table 4 3 Relationship between DPR DT and Assembler Register Reset state DPR 0000H is set in DPR after CPU reset This is the default value when RASM77 is started DT 00H is set in DT after CPU reset This is the default value when RASM77 is started 4 4 Addressing Mode Selection RASM77 provides the following three addressing modes when a symbol label or absolute value is coded in the operand of an instruction 1 Direct addressing mode 2 Absolute addressing mode 3 Absolute long addressing mode 1 23 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER A INSTRUCTION CODING METHOD RASM77 allows the addressing mode to be selected from these three modes The method of selection depends on the symbol absolute value or label that is the target of the operation For label operation the value in the direct page register DPR and data bank register DT directly affects the selection of the addressing mode Described below are descriptions on how to set the DPR and DT registers followed by the descrip tion of addressing modes during symbol and absolute value and label operations 4 4 1 Setting the Direct Page Register and Data Bank Register I
146. er executing the statement Therefore the Ido statement is useful in cases where the repeated statements are to be executed once more after the condition is satisfied endless loop is formed if ever is specified as the condition expression Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression Note generated branch instruction BRA is output as BRAL Example ldo jsr output while flag 2 42 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions NEXT LFOR statement Format A label ALFOR condition expression statement A label ANEXT Description statement repeats a group of statements while the specified condition expression is true Anendless loop is formed if ever is specified as the condition expression e Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression Note The generated branch instruction BRA is output as BRAL Example lfor flag jsr output next 2 43 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS LGOTO LGOTO statement Format A label ALGOTO Description Igoto statement causes an unconditional jump to any address that is explicitly indicated in the program This statement can be written at any position in the program Use a label to specify the jump address
147. es listing output S No output to PRN file through LIST LIST Start listing output Output subsequent lines to PRN file LISTM Start list output of macro expansion Format A LISTM Description Outputs macro expansion list to PRN file Note The LISTM instruction is ignored if the entire list output is suppressed with the NLIST instruction LISTM instruction is ignored if the command parameter is not specified Example NLISTM Suppresses list output of macro expansion List output of macro expansion is suppressed until LISTM LISTM Starts list output of macro expansion Macro expansions are output after this instruction 1 76 2 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions MCU Sets instruction generating MCU type Format A MCUAMCU Type Description Sets the MCU type for which instructions are generated following types can be written in the operand Types be written in either uppercase or lowercase letters 1 M37700 Generates the 7700 family instructions 2 M37750 Generates the 7750 series instructions 3 M37751 Generates the 7751 series instructions The MCU type set by this pseudo instruction remains effective until another type is set by MCU f this pseudo instruction is omitted the assembler generates the 7700 family instructions An error result if the written mnemonic for M37750 or M37751
148. es only the relocatable files with the extension R77 The filename extension can be omitted during command input 3 Filename may be specified with a directory path If only filename is specified LINK77 pro cesses a file in the current drive s current directory 3 8 RenesasTechnology Corp 4 2 Input Parameters 4 Name of the first relocatable file specified is used as the filename of the output file If the F parameter is used to specify the filename that filename becomes the output file Output file is output to the directory in which the first relocatable file specified resides If the output file is specified by the command parameter the command parameter specifica tion is used 4 2 2 Library Filename 1 Specification of library filenames may be omitted LINK77 processes only library files with the extension LIB The filename extension can be omitted during command input Library filename may be specified with a path name If only the filename is specified LINK77 processes a file in the current directory Library files are referenced during linkage editing only if there are global labels or symbols that cannot be resolved in the relocatable files 4 2 3 Section Control 1 Specification of section control information may be omitted If section control information specification is omitted sections are placed in the linked file in the order in which they were found in the reloca
149. es the end of RAM area The labels and symbols specified between RAM and ENDRAM are interpreted as a RAM area Example RAM work BLKB T workl BLKB 1 ENDRAM JO Declares start of UO area Reserved Format Description e Specifies start of an I O area declaration The labels and symbols specified between JO and ENDIO are interpreted as an I O area Example Dags port0 EQU OOH portl EQU 01H ENDIO 1 89 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS PROCINT Declares start of interrupt handler Reserved Format A PROCINTA label Description Declares the beginning of interrupt handler lines between PROCINT and ENDPROC are interpreted as the interrupt handler e RASM7 processes the label specified in the operand field as the label for this line Example PROCINT INT ENDPROC PROCMAIN Declares start of main program Reserved Format A PROCMAIN label Description Declares the beginning of a main program lines between PROCMAIN and ENDPROC are interpreted as the main program e RASM7 processes the label specified in the operand field as the label for this line Example PROCMAIN MAIN ENDPROC 1 90 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 Reserved Pseudo Instructions PROCSUB Declare beginning of sub program Reserved Format A PROCSUB label Description Declares the beginning of
150. ess assignments for the section XXX eliminate address overlapping If the section is an absolute type the pseudo instruction ORG in the source file must be modified 12 SECTION xxx is an absolute Beginning address is specified for an absolute attribute section with a section control command gt Delete address specification from command input or change the attribute of the section to relocatable 3 19 2tENESAS Renesas Technology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES Error No Error message Meaning and actions 14 Can t find SECTION xxx The indicated section cannot be found Correctly specify section information Note that uppercase and lowercase are recognized for section 15 Can t create xxx The indicated file cannot be created Check specification of the parameter and re input 16 File seek error xxx Seek error has occurred on the indicated file This is an OS error Usually this error is caused by hardware malfunction of disk drive 17 Expression value is out of range The result of operation at the indicated location exceeds SECTION xxx ADDRESS xxx the limit Error location is specified by section name OFFSET xxx absolute address and offset from the beginning of sec tion Correct the program so that the limit will not be ex ceeded This also includes the case where the target address cannot be accessed in the current address range 18 Out of disk space Disk space is ins
151. fied length Note that this pseudo instruction only declares the index register length for the assembler and it does not manipulate the index register length selection flag x for the CPU internal processor status register Example SEP X Sets X flag INDEX 8 Specifies index register length LDX DATA Executes 8 bit load 1 74 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions LIB Specify library filename Format A LIB file name file name file name Description Specifies the names of the library files to be linked Only files with extension LIB may be specified Linkage error will occur if other files are specified This pseudo instruction may not be placed in a nest Directory path and file extension LIB may not be specified for the filenames Example LIB LIBl1 LIB2 LIB3 LINE Specify lines per page default is 54 Format A LINE expression Description Specifies the number of lines 5 255 per listing page This pseudo instruction may be specified only once in a program Example LINE 60 Sets 60 lines per page 1 75 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS LIST Start list output default Format A LIST Description e Outputs list to a PRN file This pseudo instruction is used to resume list output to PRN file after it has been interrupted by NLIST Example NLIST Suppress
152. file has the extension SYM The above output file names excluding extension can be specified with the command option F 2 3 Organization of MAP File Figure 2 1 is a sample printout of a MAP file A MAP file includes the following information 1 Information for each section concerning how much data has been linked from which relocat able file This portion of MAP file contains the following Specifies either relative or absolute attribute REL specifies relocatable attribute and ABS specifies absolute attribute TYPE Specifies either RAM or ROM area START Indicates the start address LENGTH Specifies the area size in bytes ALIGNMENT Specifies WORD if word alignment was performed during linkage When a library file has been linked both library filename and relocatable filename are shown Relocatable filename is indicated in parentheses 5 An assembly language source file in which starting address is specified by the pseudo instruction ORG has the absolute attribute Word alignment is pertormed when the W parameter is specified for a linkage command 3 3 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW 2 Globallabels table Global labels table lists the global labels used in the program along with their absolute addresses This portion of the MAP file is output only when the command parameter MS is specified 3 Global symbols table Global symbols table lists the glob
153. following information input parameters must be input 1 Library filenames 2 Relocatable file names required 3 Command parameters Input parameters for LIB77 execution can be input in either of the following two modes 1 Command line input mode 2 Command file input mode Same input parameters are used for the two input modes available Also same commands can be executed regardless of the input mode The input parameters are explained in Section 3 2 and each input mode is explained in detail by referring to examples in Section 3 3 3 2 Input Parameters 3 2 1 Library Filename 1 Library filename must be specified 2 Library filename to be edited is specified after one space following the command parameter O 3 Library filename may be specified with a directory path name If directory path is not speci fied the environment variable LIB77 is referenced as the directory path 4 Library filename extension LIB may be omitted 4 8 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 2 Input Parameters 3 2 2 Relocatable Filename 1 More than one relocatable filename may be specified by using space as the delimiter 2 Relocatable filenames to be processed are input after one space following the command parameter F 3 Filename may be specified with a directory path If only filename is specified LIB77 pro cesses a file in the current drive s current directory 4 Relocatable filename extension R77 be
154. g Mode Coding Format LDM B W Direct LDM B stimm DP zz B W Direct X LDM B imm DP zz X B W Absolute LDM B stimm DT hhll B W Absolute X LDM B imm DT hhll x LDX B W Immediate LDX B Direct LDX DP zz Direct Y LDX DP zz Y Absolute LDX DT hhll Absolute Y LDX DT hhll Y LDY B W Immediate LDY B imm Direct LDY DP zz Direct X LDY DP zz X Absolute LDY DT hhll Absolute X LDY DT hhll X LSR Accumulator LSR Acc Direct LSR DP zz Direct X LSR DP zz X Absolute LSR DT hhll Absolute X LSR DT hhll X 1 114 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 0 2 Instruction Set Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format MPY B W Immediate MPY B imm MPYL Direct MPY DP zz Direct X MPY DP zz X Direct indirect MPY IDP zz Direct indirect X MPY IDP zz X Direct indirect Y MPY IDP zz Y Direct indirect long MPYL IDP zz Direct indirect long Y MPYL IDP zz Y Absolute MPY DT hhlil Absolute X MPY DT hhil X Absolute Y MPY DT hhll Y Absolute long MPY LG hhmmll Absolute long X MPY LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative MPY d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y MPY d8 S Y MPYS B W Immediate MPYS B imm MPYSL Direct MPYS DP zz Direct X MPYS DP zz X Direct indirect MPYS IDP zz Direct indirect X MPYS IDP zz X Direct indirect Y MPYS DP zz Y Direct indirect long MPYSL D
155. g a positive number Unary operator specifying a negative number Unary operator specifying bit inversion BANK Unary operator to extract high order 8 bits of label or symbol OFFSET Unary operator to extract low order 16 bits of label or symbol Note 1 Operation is executed from left to right No operator priorities are recognized Example 1 2 6 2 gt Result is 4 Example 2 2 3 gt Result is 6 2 Multiple unary operators written in one line are not accepted 2 11 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS CHAPTER 4 Structured Preprocessor Instructions 4 1 Function of Structured Instructions Structured instructions enable the use of structured programming statements such as if and for rather than goto type statements such as assembly language branch and jump instructions With structured programming there is no need to search for branch destination 4 2 Statement Types The structured preprocessor language consists of the following seven types of statements Append ing 4 or Il results in corresponding long branch The details of each statement is described Appendix B 10 Assignment statement Assigns the right hand term to the left hand term if I l else endif statement lif I l else endif statement llif II else endif statement The if statement changes the flow of control into two separate directions determined by the condition exp
156. get of instruction or pseudo instruction is specified in the operand field The specification format is described below 1 Ifthere are two or more operand data they must be delimited by comma 2 Space or tab code may be specified on either side of a comma 3 3 4 Comment Field Any user information may be specified in the comment field The specification format is described below 1 comment field must begin with a semicolon 2 Any character may be used in the comment field 2 9 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 Source Program Coding Method 3 4 Operand Field Coding Method 3 4 1 Data Format field may be specified with data in any of the following four data formats 1 Numeric constant A numeric constant can be specified as a positive or negative value by using the operator as prefix If neither nor is specified the numeric constant is processed as a positive value A binary octal decimal or hexadecimal number may be specified as a numeric constant When specifying a binary numeric constant the value must be followed by B or b Example DATA EQU 100110B When specifying an octal numeric constant the value must be followed by O Example DATA EQU 700 When specifying a decimal numeric constant only an integer value can be specified Example DATA EQU 100 When specifying a hexade
157. gt Section information WORKRAM 100 000 DROM lt R Command parameter ONWORK 5 lt gt Figure 4 2 Screen for Prompt Mode Input 3 12 RenesasTechnology Corp 4 3 Input Modes 4 3 2 Command Line Input Mode The command line input mode has the following features 1 T A gt LINK77 MAIN SUB UTIL1 UTIL2 WORKRAM 100 PROM C000 M S R This input mode allows input of all linkage editing commands for the MS DOS command prompt Because MS DOS limits command length to no more than 127 characters this input mode should be used when there are only few relocatable files and sections to be link edited This input mode can be also used when specifying execution commands in a batch file or a make file The four types of input parameter information must be entered using comma as delimiter Figure 4 3 shows command line mode input of the same commands as shown in Figure 4 2 Comma must be entered even when there are library filename and subsequent parameters If no library files are required the example in Figure 4 3 would change to that shown in Figure 4 4 In a special case where command parameters are omitted two commas must be entered to clearly specify that there are no command parameters If command parameters are omitted in the example in Figure 4 4 it would change to that shown in Figure 4 5 If required input parameters are missing LINK77 swit
158. gy Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS GOTO GOTO statement Format A label AGOTO Description The goto statement causes an unconditional jump to any address that is explicitly indicated in the program This statement can be written at any position in the program Use a label to specify the jump address Relative address branch instruction BRA is generated Example for 1ag1 af 1ag2 goto 1 endif jsr output LAB1 jsr inout next 2 38 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions IF ELSE ENDIF IF statement Format A label AIF condition expression lt statement gt A label AELSE statement A label AENDIF Description The if statement changes the flow of control into two directions The branch direction is determined by the condition expression The branch is made according to whether the condi tion expression results in zero false or non zero true If true the immediately following instruction is executed if false the instruction following else is executed if else is coded or instruction following endif is executed if else is not coded The else part may be omitted There is no limit to the if statement nesting level When if statements are nested the closest if and else statements are paired Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression Ex
159. gy Corp CHAPTER 6 OPERATION 6 4 Errors 6 4 1 Error Types The following types of errors may occur during execution of PRE77 1 OSerrors Errors related to theenvironment in which PRE77 is executed These errors include disk and memory shortages 2 PRE77 command line input errors These are the errors in PRE77 startup command line input 3 Preprocessor source file contents errors These are errors in the contents of the sou cluded with the pseudo instruction INCLUDE rce file being preprocessed including files in When PRET77 detects an error it outputs error information the format shown in Figure 6 3 7700 Family PREPROCESSOR V 5 00 00 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYST All Rights Reserved now processing SAMPLE P77 lt Name of file to be processed 5 lt Indicates the and for ev if SAMPLE P77 1240 TOTAL LINE 1240 Error Figure 6 3 Error Display Example 6 4 2 Error Information Information about the errors and warnings gene assembly source file that is generated by PRE77 2 26 EMS CORPORATION processing progress with for every 100 lines ery 500 lines 8 Questionable syntax rated when executing PRE77 is output to the 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 6 4 Return Values to MS DOS 6 5 Return Values to OS PRE77 returns the error level show
160. he public label or symbol definition in the LST file xxx module is not in the library The indicated module cannot be found in the library file Check the module name in the LST file Invalid module or library The specified relocatable file and corresponding module in the library file are in different formats The library file and relocatable file to be edited must be created with RASM77 of the same version xxx command file not found The indicated command file cannot be found Check the command file specified Out of heap space Memory space is insufficient to execute the librarian program Reduce the number of global labels Too many object modules There are too many modules in the library file Split the library file One library file can contain only up to 500 modules CPU number error The specified library file or relocatable file was not created by RASM77 Check the specified library file or relocatable file 4 19 7tENESAS Renesas Technology Corp PARU 5 CROSS REFERENCER FOR 7700 FAMILY CRF77 OPERATION MANUAL RENESAS as Technology Corp Table of Contents Chapter 1 Organization of CRF77 Operation Manual Chapter 2 Overview 2 1 Functions 2 2 Files Created 2 3 Organization of C
161. he same method as for direct address ing The operand value must be enclosed in parentheses Example LDA A INDATA When storing a 3 byte address in the memory location L must be added at the end of the op code Example LDAL A INDATA 8 Absolute indirect addressing mode In this addressing mode the data to be processed is specified indirectly by memory location The memory location where the 2 byte address of the data to be processed is stored is specified in the operand field The low order 16 bits of memory address is specified in the operand field and the program bank register value is specified in the high order 8 bits The operand value must be enclosed in parentheses Example JUMP PROCESS1 When storing a 3 byte address in the memory location L must be added at the end of the op code Example JMPL PROCESS2 9 Relative addressing mode In this addressing mode the branch destination is specified by a relative byte count from the current program counter value The relative value itself cannot be specified in the source program If a label or object location is specified in the operand field the assembler calcu lates the relative value Example BBA LABEL Refer to Appendix C for the coding format of each addressing mode 1 20 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 2 Data Length Specification 4 2 Data Length Specification 7700 Family CPU can control data length and index register le
162. ified This pseudo instruction can be specified only once in a program Example COL 100 Sets 100 column line 1 63 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS DATA Declare data length default is 16 Format A DATA expression Description Declares the internal CPU data length 8 16 Indicates an 8 bit data if the value of expression is 8 16 bit data if value of expression is 16 This pseudo instruction affects the data length of addressing modes related to the M flag New data length must be declared by this pseudo instruction when changing data length by the SEM or CLM instruction Data length can be specified by adding the prefix B or W to op code If the data length specified by op code differs from that specified by this pseudo instruction program is as sembled using the op code specified data length Note that this pseudo instruction only declares the data length for the assembler and it does not manipulate the data length selection flag m for the internal CPU processor status register Example SEM Sets M flag 8 Specifies data length ADC A DATA Executes 8 bit addition 1 64 434 NESAS Renesas Technology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions DEFINE Define a character string Format symbol DEFINE character string Description Defines a character string to a symbol The string must be enclosed in sing
163. iled Explanation of Command Parameters 3 3 Input MOUGS Ra ad n cR eI Radon 3 3 1 Command Line Input Mode A 3 3 2 Command File Input Mode A SUE Fe EO nen ni RR NE m ease 3 4 1 Error Types ioci tiere nette nee 3 4 2 Return Values to MS DOS 3 5 Environment Variables Appendix A Error Messages A 1 System Error Messages A 2 Librarian Error Messages eee 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp List of Figures Figure 2 1 LST File Output Example 1 List of Module Names 4 Figure 2 2 LST File Output Example 2 List of Global Labels and Symbols 5 Figure 2 3 LST File Output Example 3 List of Global Labels and Symbols by Module u n a aua an cau E aen 7 Figure 3 1 Example of Command Input Line 1 Module Deletion 13 Figure 3 2 Example of Command Input Line 2 Relocatable File Addition 13 Figure 3 3 Specifying a Command File 14 Figure 3 4 Example of Command File Specification 14 Figure 3 5 Example of LIB77 Normal Termination Screen
164. iles that can be referenced by LINK77 2 Catalogs relocatable files in a library file 3 Deletes unnecessary relocatable files from a library file 4 Updates old relocatable files that are cataloged in a library file with newly created relocatable files 5 Restores relocatable files that have been cataloged in a library file to the precataloging condition 6 Displays information on relocatable files that are cataloged in a library file 2 2 Features 1 Speed up linkage editing By placing relocatable files in a library file the necessary file information can be retrieved quickly during link resulting in high speed linkage processing 2 When updating relocatable files that are cataloged in a library file LIB77 compares the file modification dates and updates only the most recent version of each relocatable file When the command parameter U is specified 1 LINK77 is the program name of 7700 Family linkage editor 4 2 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 3 Files Created 2 3 Files Created LIB77 creates four types of files 1 Library file e Library file created by editing relocatable files that have been created by RASM77 and adding the label and symbol index Within a library file each relocatable file is managed as a module Hereafter relocatable files in a library file are referred to as modules Module name is the same as the relocatable filename including the extension Library files
165. imal mode flag Data length selection flag Negative flag lt WITH C Specifies an operation with carry This is a reserved word No distinction is made between upper case and lowercase characters Therefore both WITH C and with c are valid Example work work lt lt 2 with c Shift left twice the content of work including carry EVER Specifies an endless loop This is a reserved word No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters Therefore both EVER and ever are valid Example for ever loop endlessly next Constant Generic term for numeric constant character constant symbol constants and these combined with instructions 1 Numeric constant Represents the number itself 2 Character constant The specified code is treated as ASCII code It must be enclosed in single or double quotes when coding 3 Symbol constant Specifies an alphanumeric character or a special symbol _ Refer to the syntax diagram for the coding format The coding formats of variables are shown below in the form of syntax diagram 2 57 434 NEC SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS Assignment statement O Register variable assignment statement Register variable Expression 1 Fesservaratie 8 Fesser x Peeran U UO d Pr Register variable H s p Register variable X NE Register variable Y
166. ion on word boundary 3 10 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 4 3 Input Modes Notes 1 The Series 7700 Family has a restriction which causes a branch to be made to the address within the next bank rather than to the address specified in the program when certain branch instructions are allocated at the highest address of each bank or spans across banks Table 4 2 lists the instructions for which this restriction applies Table 4 2 Restricted Branch Instructions Instruction Addressing Mode Bytes Machine Code RTS Implied 1 6016 JMP Absolute 3 4 16 Absolute indirect 3 6C16 Absolute indexed X indirect 3 7C16 Absolute indirect long 3 0 16 JSR Absolute 3 2016 Absolute indexed X indirect 3 FC16 2 Word alignment Word alignment is the alignment of section starting addresses on word boundary Word alignment increases the memory size but it can speed up execution because section starting instructions are always read as words Not effective when bus width is 1 byte If word alignment causes a 1 byte space between sections and the section at the higher order address is ROM type a NOP instruction OEAH is written at the beginning of the ROM area 4 3 Input Modes 4 3 1 Prompt Mode The prompt mode has the following features 1 This input mode allows interactive input of relocatable filenames library filenames section control commands and command parameters in this order 2 This input mode is conv
167. is allowed Example Macro Definition LOAD MACRO MEM LDA 1 LDA _ ENDM Call example W LOAD DATA Macro expansion LDA A DATA L LDA B DATA H ENDM 1 40 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 7 1 Starting 77 CHAPTER 7 Operation 7 1 Starting RASM77 Before RASM77 can be executed the following information input parameters must be input 1 Source filename required 2 Command parameters With RASM77 input parameters are input from a command line Input parameters are described in Section 7 2 and the command line input method is explained by referring to examples in Section 753 7 2 Input Parameters 7 2 1 Source Filename 1 Name of source file to be assembled is specified Source filename must always be specified Only one source filename may be specified 2 If specification of file extension A77 is omitted A77 is selected as default 3 By specifying full filenames files with other file extensions 0 ASM can be assembled by RASM77 4 Filename can be specified with directory path If only filename is specified RASM77 pro cesses a file in the current drive s current directory The following example shows an ex ample of assembling TEST A77 in directory WORK on drive C Example A gt RASM77 C WORK TEST lt RET gt 7 2 2 Command Parameters 1 Command parameter may be specified in either uppercase or lowercase
168. ist 1 9 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW 000014 000000 000001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C3 162 X C Wy gt gt Q e LA 000023 000026 000027 00002 A27F02 9A A90000 5B 89C200 A90000 9500 CA CA EOT7E A00A00 18 790000 990A00 88 C00000 DOF3 INITIAL Section include DATA IND DP DT SEI CLP EX include p N 027FH 0 Indicates INCLUDE nesting level MATN LDY LOOP ADD CLC PDE ADC ELSE F END END T 10 WORK Y WORK Y Indicates macro expansion L STA DEY BNE A DATA Y 0 LOOP Figure 2 6 PRN File Example Macro and Include Expansion 1 10 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp prog initial a77 16 16 0 0 m x D clr ram a77 Call in initial a77 Macro call 2 3 Structure of PRN File 7700 Family PREPROCESSOR V5 00 00 language PRE77_Rev01 Source sample p77 SECTION RAM unc Ssample 0 0000H 1 1 sample 0 INIT _sample_1 0 WORK1 lt Structured code source line WORK1 Structured code expansion 1 WORK1 WORK1 _sample_1 Slructprog _sample_2 for P FLAG 0 cline 9 lt Source level debugging information F1 lt Structured code label BBS 00001H DP WORK1 F2
169. ition Symbol is not specified Example EQU 60 Specify the symbol 13 No at the top of comment Comment field specification does not begin with a semi colon Example LDA ACHT counter set Specify at the beginning of comment field 1 53 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES Error No Error Message Meaning and Actions 14 Not in conditional block ELSE or ENDIF statement is specified without IF statement This error also occurs when the associated IF statement is erroneous Example IF DATA1 ENDIF ENDIF Check the IF statement specification Operand is expected Required operand is missing for an instruction Example BYTE Check the operand specification Questionable syntax A mnemonic is misspelled Example ADD DATA Check the spelling Reference to multi defined label or symbol Duplicate label or symbol is referenced Example MAIN NOP MAIN NOP BRA MAIN Check the label or symbol name Relative jump is out of range Relative jump instruction s destination address is out of range Rearrange the program or change the jump instruc tion Label or symbol is reserved word Register s name is used as a label or symbol Example A EQU 1FFH Change the label or symbol name 20 Reference to undefined label or symbol Undefined label or symbol is referenced
170. lator B bit 9 BIT A10 Accumulator A bit 10 BIT B10 Accumulator B bit 10 BIT A11 Accumulator A bit 11 BIT B11 Accumulator B bit 11 BIT A12 Accumulator A bit 12 12 Accumulator bit 12 13 Accumulator bit 13 13 Accumulator bit 13 14 Accumulator bit 14 14 Accumulator bit 14 BIT A15 Accumulator A bit 15 BIT B15 Accumulator B bit 15 A bit symbol is defined with the pseudo instruction EQU This line is output as a command line to the RASM77 assembler file However RASM77 coding lines are passed to RASM77 to be processed PRE77 processes only pseudo instruction EQU that is coded in the following format 2 14 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 3 Coding Rules Example 1 In the case of memory bit BITSYM EQU 1 1000h Defines a bit symbol if DP BITSYM else endif Example 2 In the case of accumulator bit if BIT AO else endif if B3 else endif 3 7700 Family registers are coded as follows in the condition expression of assignment state ment or each control statement such as if statement No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters so that A and a are both valid A Accumulator A Accumulator B X Index register X Y Index register Y S Stack pointer DPR Direct page register DT Data bank register PS Processor status register 4 The flags in 7700 Family status registers are coded as
171. le or double quotes if it contains space or tab characters Character strings defined within structure preprocessor code cannot be used in the operand data after replacement is output to the print file However if the command option LC is specified the data before replacement is output Symbol replacement is performed before macro expansion Note The symbol defined with DEFINE can only be used within the file where it is defined it cannot be used as the operand of the EXT DPEXT DTEXT or PUB Example FLAG1 DEFINE 01H DATA1 Set bit pattern 01H of to FLAGI CLB FLAG1 Clear lowermost bit of 1 65 rPENESAS Renesas Technology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS DP Declare direct page register value default is 0000H Format A DP numeric value or OFF Description Declares the direct page register DPR value 00000H FFFFH Tochange DPR value in a program use this pseudo instruction to declare the new value f OFF is specified in the operand field the assembler does not use the direct addressing mode Selects either absolute or absolute long addressing mode Note This pseudo instruction only declares the value of the direct page register to the assembler The actual value of the direct page register is unchanged Example DP 1000H Declares 001000 0010FFH as DPR value DP OFF Declares
172. meters 2 F Specifies the names of relocatable files that are to be added to updated deleted from or extracted from a library file More than one filename may be specified by using space as the delimiter Directory path name may be specified with filename The following is an example of specifying file SUB1 R77 in directory WORK on drive B and file SUB2 R77 on drive C as relocatable files Example A gt LIBT7 A0 TEST LIB F B NWORKNSUB1C SUB2 RET f directory path specification is omitted file in the current drive s current directory is processed If file extension is not specified the default extension R77 is used Files with extension other than R77 can be processed by specifying full filenames Adds relocatable files to a library file The relocatable files specified by F are appended at the end of the library file in the order in which they are specified fthere are two files with identical contents the duplicate label symbol definition error will occur If a relocatable file with the same name as that of a module already in the library file is specified no error will result during cataloging however only the initially cataloged module will be processed when the file is specified in subsequent command specifying 4 R Updates modules relocatable files in a library file By using this command parameter in conjunction with U only the files with more recent updating
173. n in Table 6 2 to indicate the execution result to OS Table 6 2 Listing of Error Levels Error level Execution result 0 Normal termination 1 Preprocessor source file contents error 2 PRE77 command input error 3 OS error 4 Force termination by C control C 6 6 Environment Variables 77 uses the following MS DOS environment variables 1 TMP77 This variable specifies the name of the directory in which temporary files are created during preprocessing If this environment variable is not set the temporary files are created in the current directory 2 INC77 This variable specifies the directory of the files included during preprocessing If the file specified with the INCLUDE pseudo instruction cannot be found it is loaded from this directory However this environment variable is ignored if the operand specifies a path 3 BIN77 This variable specifies the directory in which RASM77 is searched when RASM77 is started from the preprocessor If RASM77 is not in the current directory the directory specified with this environment variable is searched 2 27 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES APPENDIX Error Messages A 1 System Error Message When a system error is detected during screen and cancels processing Table A 1 s preprocessing PRE77 outputs an error message on the lists the system error messages Table A 1 List of System Erro
174. n is necessary during debugging 4 A system error will occur if CRF77 is not in the current directory or command path 7 3 Input Method RASM 77 is started by entering a command line after the prompt Figure 7 1 illustrates entry of RASM77 startup command RASM77 TESTNAME L E RET T T Name of source Command parameters to be assembled Figure 7 1 Example of RASM77 Startup Command Line If input error is detected on command line input a HELP screen is displayed as shown in Figure 7 2 and assembly is canceled When a command line is input correctly assembly begins When assembly is completed number of errors number of warnings total number of lines assembled number of comment lines and memory size for each section are displayed on the screen Figure 7 3 shows an example of screen display when assembly has terminated normally 1 44 RenesasTechnology Corp 7 3 Input Method A gt RASM77 lt RI ET 7700 Family RELOCATABLE ASSEMBLER V 5 00 00 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All Rights Reserved Usage rasm77 filename options all messages suppressed don t care error at conditional assembly FALSI bit length check Source line information output to r77 file define symbol syntax dSYMBOL1 DATA1 SYMBOL2 DATA2 make tag file x m flag
175. n of the CONTINUE statement is invalid Check the program CASE not inside SWITCH The CASE statement is outside the scope of SWITCH statement Check the program DEFAULT not inside SWITCH The DEFAULT statement is outside the scope of SWITCH statement Check the program Duplicate CASE value The same value is duplicated as CASE value Check the program More than one DEFAULT There is more than one DEFAULT in a SWITCH con struct Check the program Bit length is different type The data cannot be processed with the bit length speci fied with INDEX or DATA Change the bit length 2 30 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp A 2 Preprocessor Error Messages Error no Error message Description 20 Label or symbol is multiple defined The same symbol is defined more than once with the pseudo instruction EQU Check the program 21 No END statement There is no pseudo instruction END in the source file Code END in the source file 22 Illegal assign An invalid assignment statement Check the program 23 No endif statement There is no endif statement corresponding to an if state ment Check the program 24 No next statement There is no next statement corresponding to a for state ment Check the program 25 No while statement There is no while statement corresponding to a do statem
176. n order to change the direct page and bank to be used in RASM77 the value of the direct page register and data bank register must be declared with the DP and DT pseudo instructions before hand as shown below Example DP 100 lt Set 100 in direct page register 100H to 1FFH DT 1 lt Set 1 in data bank register bank 1 LDA 100H TAD LDT 1 The operand of the DP and DT pseudo instructions can be either a numeric value specifying the direct page start address and bank address or a direct page name label and bank name label When referencing the labels DLAB and work coded in sample1 a77 from the PRO section of samp2 a77 as shown in the example below the value of DPR and DT registers can be declared with the direct page name label DPR100 and bank name label BANK2 Example Source file for samp1 a77 SECTION DATA1 ORG 100H DPR100 DLAB BLKW 2 SECTION DATA2 ORG 20000H BANK2 work BLKB 2 1 24 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 4 Addressing Mode Selection Source file for samp2 a77 SECTION PRO DPEX DPR100 DLAB DTEX BANK2 work DP OFFSET DPR100 lt Set 100 in direct page register 100H to 1FFH DT BANK BANK2 lt Set in data bank register bank 1 LDA A OFFSET DPR100 TAD LDT BANK BANK2 The scope of the direct page and bank coded in the operand of DP and DT is determined during link 4 4 2 Addressing Mode During Symbol Absolute Valu
177. nd file extension R77 may not be specified for the filenames Example OBJ OBJ1 0BJ2 0BJ3 ORG Declare location default is 000000H Format A ORG A expression Description Declares the starting address for the lines that follow this line If this instruction is not specified the assembler assumes 000000H as the starting address Specification of this pseudo instruction results in assignment of the absolute attribute for the section A section without a specification of this pseudo instruction is relocatable Label or symbol used in expression must be defined before this line Label with relocatable value may not be specified the operand field Example ORG 0C000H Sets location as OCOOOH 1 79 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS PAGE Specify new page and title for listing Format 7 Description Skips to new page immediately before this instruction and outputs the title specified in the operand field in the lists header section Title must be enclosed between single quotes or double quotes 4 The maximum number of characters permitted in title is 20 if column specification is 80 45 if column specification is from 105 to 132 or 60 subtracted from the number of columns if column specification is 81 to 104 If title is not specified only skip to new page is performed Example PAGE PROG1 Outputs PROG1 to th
178. ndirect long Y DIVL IDP zz Y Absolute DIV DT hhil Absolute X DIV DT hhil X Absolute Y DIV DT hhll Y Absolute long DIV LG hhmmll Absolute long X DIV LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative DIV d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y DIV d8 s Y DIVS B W Immediate DIVS B DIVSL Direct DIVS DP zz Direct X DIVS DP zz X Direct indirect DIVS IDP zz Direct indirect X DIVS IDP zz X Direct indirect Y DIVS DP zz Y Direct indirect long DIVSL DP zz Direct indirect long Y DIVSL DP zz Y Absolute DIVS DT hhll Absolute X DIVS DT hhll X Absolute Y DIVS DT hhll Y Absolute long DIVS LG hhmmll Absolute long X DIVS LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative DIVS d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y DIVS d8 s Y 1 111 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format EOR B W Immediate EOR B Acc imm EORL Direct EOR Acc DP zz Direct X EOR Acc DP zz X Direct indirect EOR Acc DP zz Direct indirect X EOR Acc DP zz X Direct indirect Y EOR Acc DP zz Y Direct indirect long EORL Acc DP zz Direct indirect long Y EORL Acc DP zz Y Absolute EOR Acc DT hhll Absolute X EOR Acc DT hhll X Absolute Y EOR Acc DT hhll Y Absolute long EOR Acc LG hhmmll Absolute long X EOR Acc LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative EOR Acc d8 S Stack pointer relative
179. ng and actions Usage A gt LIB77 adluvxz o Command input is invalid filename f lt filename gt Refer to the HELP screen and re input the com mand correctly Can t open xxx The indicated file cannot be found Check if the files specified with the command parameter O or F in the specified directories Can t create xxx The indicated file cannot be created Check specification of O command parameter and re input Out of disk space Disk space is insufficient to output file Make free space on the disk Input file read error xxx An error has occurred while reading an input file This is an OS error Usually this error is caused by a hardware malfunction of disk drive Internal error An internal LIB77 error has occurred Contact the dealer where you purchased LIB77 File seek error xxx Seek error has occurred on the indicated file This is an OS error Usually this is error is caused by hardware malfunction of disk drive Note 1 Free disk space equal to 2 3 times the library file size is necessary in order to execute LIB77 because intermediate work files are created during execution 4 18 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Librarian Error Messages Table A 2 Librarian Error Messages Error message Meaning and action xxx is a multiple defined in xxx Public label or symbol is defined more than once others in xxx Check t
180. ng specifying pseudo instruction DPEXT or DTEXT is not equal to the current DPR or DT value Example DPEXT PGl LABEL DP BANK PG2 LDA A LABEL Either specify the DPR or DT value for external refer encing declaration or delete the direct page name or data bank name from the operand of DPEXT or DTEXT In the latter case processing is executed using the current or DT value specified by the pseudo instruction DP or DT 28 Section type mismatch Instruction or data definition pseudo instruction 0 BYTE and memory allocation instruction e g BLKB are specified in same section Example LDA WORK BLKB 1 Split the section 29 Function is multiple defined The name specified with FUNC is defined more than once Example FUNC FUNC 1 FUNC FUNC 1 Check the label name 30 Macro nesting error The macro instruction nesting level limit is exceeded Example MAC MACRO DATA LDA A DATA MAC2 Reduce the macro instruction nesting level 31 No ENDM statement There is no ENDM statement in the source file Code a ENDM statement at the end of the macro definition 32 Illegal mnemonic The written mnemonic does not match the MCU Specify the correct MCU type by using the MCU pseudo instruction 33 Illegal processor type The MCU type written in the operand of MCU is incor rect Specify the correct MCU type in the MCU operand 1 56 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp A 3
181. ngth with the CPU internal flag Table 4 1 summarizes the association between the flags and the assembler Table 4 1 Association of CPU Internal Flags and Assembler Data length selection flag m Flag status Meaning Reset state 0 16 bit operation Reset state after CPU reset This is the default value when RASMT7 is started m 1 8 bit operation Index register length selection flag x Flag status Meaning Reset state x 0 16 bits long Reset state after CPU reset This is the default value when RASM77 is started x 21 8 bits long Because the machine language code for each instruction is identical regardless of the flags flags do not affect assembler execution except in the case of immediate addressing In the case of immediate addressing the bytes count of the immediate value data that must be specified in the operand field depends on the data length Therefore the assembler must generate a code that is appropriate for the flag RASM77 allows specification of status by one of two methods 1 Direct specification in instruction s op code Example 1 LDA B A 450H Specifies an 8 bit immediate value 50H Example 2 LDA W A 450H Specifies a 16 bit immediate value 0050H 2 Declaration of default value by pseudo instruction INDEX or DATA Example 1 INDEX 16 Declares that the index length is 16 bits Example 2 LDX 200H Specifies processing at the default index length 16 bits RASM77 allows f
182. nstruction PUB and external reference specification pseudo instruction EXT are used for data and one of the following addressing mode specifiers is used in the label in the operand except when OFF is specified as the operand of the DP or DT pseudo instruction DPE u u uy sss Direct addressing s KAES Absolute addressing wl De LEE Absolute long addressing Example EXT 1 lt Specified as public PUB in another file SECTION PRO AND A DP LAB1 lt Direct addressing AND A DT LAB1 lt Absolute addressing AND A LG LAB1 lt Absolute long addressing In addition the following external reference specification pseudo instructions can be used to specify the addressing mode during data reference In this case the addressing mode specifier can be omitted in the operand e DPEXT Direct addressing s DIEXT Absolute addressing s X EXP Absolute long addressing 1 26 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 4 Addressing Mode Selection Example DPEX 1 lt Specified as public PUB another file DTEX LAB2 lt Specified as public PUB in another file EXT LAB3 lt Specified as public PUB in another file SECTION PRO AND A 1 lt Direct addressing AND A LAB2 lt Absolute addressing AND A LAB3 lt Absolute long addressing If an instruction can select direct mode absolute mode or absolute long mode and the data has
183. o the user The X in the operand of the CLP or SEP instruction is assumed to be the index register length selection flag D 2 Instruction Set Table D 2 shows all of the instructions available with RASM77 The allowed data length specifica tion addressing mode name and coding format are shown next to each instruction 1 107 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION SET Table D 2 Instructions Instruction Data Length Addressing Mode Coding Format ADC B W Immediate ADC B Acc imm ADCL Direct ADC Acc DP zz Direct X ADC Acc DP zz X Direct indirect ADC Acc DP zz Direct indirect X ADC Acc DP zz X Direct indirect Y ADC Acc DP zz Y Direct indirect long ADCL Acc DP zz Direct indirect long Y ADCL Acc DP zz Y Absolute ADC Acc DT hhll Absolute X ADC hhll X Absolute Y ADC Acc DT hhll Y Absolute long ADC Acc LG hhmmll Absolute long X ADC Acc LG hhmmll X Stack pointer relative ADC Acc d8 S Stack pointer relative indirect Y ADC Acc d8 S Y AND B W Immediate AND B ANDL Direct AND Acc DP zz Direct X AND Acc DP zz X Direct indirect AND Acc DP zz Direct indirect X AND Acc DP zz X Direct indirect Y AND Acc DP zz Y Direct indirect long ANDL Acc DP zz Direct indirect long Y ANDL Acc DP zz Y Absolute AND Acc DT hhll Absolute X
184. of the 7700 Family linkage editor program LIB77 is the name of the 7700 Family librarian program 3 This file is called a TAG file because it contains tags that show the location of errors and warnings 2 2 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 2 Files Created 1 Assembly language source program file for RASM77 hereafter referred to as assembler file e Contains RASM77 source level debugging pseudo instructions CLINE FUNC ENDFUNC Generates Intel HEX format machine language data processed by RASM77 and LINK77 file extension is A77 Figures 2 1 and 2 2 show examples of assembly files output by PRE77 7700 Family PREPROCESSOR V 5 00 00 language PRE77 01 sample list FLAG 0 EQU LAG 0 define FLAG 1 EQU 1 LAG 1 define FLAG 2 EQU 2 LAG 2 define EX WORK1 EX WORK2 SECTION PROGRAM DP FLAG_ 1 000 FLAG_0 F2 if DP FLAG_1 00002 H DP FLAG 1 13 DP WORK1 0 P WORK1 P FLAG 2 04H DP FLAG 2 DP WORK2 0 P WORK2 1 Figure 2 1 Assembly File Example 2 3 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW 7700 Family PREPROCESSOR V 5 00 00 language PRE77 01 Source H sample FLAG_O FLAG 0 FLAG_1 FLAG_1 FLAG_2 FLAG 2 sample p77 list EQU 0 000H define EQU 1 000H define EQU 2 000H
185. oncerning this line 3 2 3 Pseudo Instruction Line Shown below is the format of pseudo instruction line ALabel Pseudo op A Operand A Comment RET A Symbol EQU Operand A Comment RET A Pseudo op A Operand Comment lt RET gt 1 14 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 2 Line Formats Notes Because RASM77 identifies each pseudo instruction by its reserved word a line can begin with an op code if there is no label Also note that labels cannot be coded for some pseudo instructions Refer to Chapter 5 and Appendix B for details 3 2 4 Macro Instruction Line The format of a macro instruction line is shown below Refer to Chapter 6 and Appendix E for details concerning this line A Macro name A Macro Instruction A Operand A Comment RET Note If there are more than one data in the operand they must be separated by a comma Space or tab can be coded on both sides of a comma 3 2 5 Comment Line Comment line must begin with a semicolon Shown below is the format of a comment line Comment RET 3 3 Field Coding Method 3 3 1 Symbol Label Field RASM77 manages symbols and labels separately but the same name coding format applies to both The coding format is described below 1 A symbol or label can be specified using alphanumeric characters special characters under line _ and question mark 2 The first character must be an alphabetic or special character 2
186. or SEP X instruction Note Note that this pseudo instruction only declares the index register length to the assembler and it does not manipulate the index register length selection flag m of the CPU internal processor status register Macro arguments cannot be coded as the operand of this pseudo instruction Example SEP X Set the X flag INDEX 8 Specify the index register length X VALUE 8 bit load 2 74 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp C 2 Pseudo Instructions SECTION Declare section name Format A SECTIONA section name Description PRE77 recognizes lines following this pseudo instruction as structured preprocessor pro gram name be specified as section name More than one section in the same file can have the same name Note This pseudo instruction must be coded at the beginning of the program an error will occur if itis missing Do not write this pseudo instruction in the processing line of RAMS77 s conditional assemble pseudo instruction Since conditional assemble is not processed by PRE77 an error result if the assembly source that was generated after adding an option to output source line information is processed by RASM77 Example SECTION DATA Start DATA section tabletop BYTE ABCDEFG SECTION PROG Start PROG section _init DATA 16 INDEX 16 X 0 for X lt 20 PORTO tabletop X X X 1 next
187. or assemble control by default values of data and index lengths If command parameter F is specified symbols M FLAG and X FLAG are handled as reserved words If this command parameter is not specified M FLAG and X FLAG can be used as any symbols or labels These reserved words can be used to verify the content of the flag m or x that is currently recognized by the assembler by using them along with a pseudo instruction IF that performs conditional assembling The functions of M FLAG and X FLAG described in Table 4 2 1 21 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION CODING METHOD Table 4 2 Function of M FLAG and X FLAG Symbol Function M FLAG The value changes with the setup value of DATA The value of M FLAG 1 when the data length is set to 16 bits The value of M FLAG 0 when the data length is set to 8 bits X FLAG The value changes with the setup value of INDEX The value of X FLAG 1 when the index length is set to 16 bits The value of X FLAG 0 when the index length is set to 8 bits Figure 4 1 shows an example of a conditional assemble program using M FLAG and X FLAG C gt 8 DATA 8 INDEX 8 IF M FLAG sep m x ELSE clp m x ENDIF M Figure 4 1 Example of conditional assemble based on data and index lengths Notes 1 Pseudo instructions do not generate instructions that manipulate the CPU intern
188. orp 24 NE SAS C Im d lt D C RASM77 V 5 10 User s Manual Relocatable Assembler for 77xx Series Renesas Electronics Rev 1 00 2003 08 www renesas co Microsoft MS DOS Windows and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U S and other countries Sun Java and all Java based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the U S or other countries and are used under license Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds Turbolinux and its logo are trademarks of Turbolinux Inc IBM and AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation Intel and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation Adobe Acrobat and Acrobat Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated All other brand and product names are trademarks registered trademarks or service marks of their respective holders Keep safety first in your circuit designs Renesas Technology Corporation and Renesas Solutions Corporation put the maximum effort into making semiconductor products better and more reliable but there is always the possibility that trouble may occur with them Trouble with semiconductors may lead to personal injury fire or property damage Remember to give due consideration to safety when making your circuit designs with appropriate measures such as i placement of substitu
189. ors that may be used with RASM77 1 17 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 SOURCE PROGRAM CODING METHOD Table 3 1 List of Operators Operator Description Addition Subtraction Multiplication Divide Remainder of division Left shift gt gt Right shift amp Logical AND on bits Logical OR on bits 5 Logical exclusive OR on bits Unary operator specifying positive number Unary operator specifying a negative number Unary operator specifying bit inversion Operator that converts the immediately following symbol to character string SIZEOF34 Unary operator to obtain section size BANK Unary operator to extract high order 8 bits of label or symbol OFFSET Unary operator to extract low order 16 bits of label or symbol Notes 1 Operation is executed from left to right No operator priorities are recognized Example 1 2 6 2 gt Result is 4 Example 2 2 3 gt Result is 6 The symbols concatenated by the operator must be absolute values If a forward refer enced symbol is specified an error occurs SIZEOF value is determined at link time regardless of whether the referenced section is relocatable or absolute Accordingly the same limitations as for external labels apply to the location where the SIZEOF instruction may be specified It cannot be specified in the oper and of pseudo instructions such as ORG and BLKB A space
190. pendix A Error Messages Lists error messages output by RASM77 along with explanation of the errors and actions to be taken e Appendix B Pseudo Instructions Lists and explains all pseudo instructions provided by RASM77 Appendix C Macro Instructions Lists and explains all pseudo instructions provided by RASM77 Appendix D Instruction Set Lists all 7700 Family instructions provided by RASM77 1 1 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 1 77 USER S MANUAL ORGANIZATION Appendix E Instruction Sets by Addressing Modes Lists the 7700 Family instructions provided by RASM77 in each addressing mode 1 2 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 1 Functions 2 Overview RASM77 converts a source program written in assembly language hereafter referred to as a source file into a relocatable file that can be processed by LINK77 and LIB77 This step is referred to as assembly Relocatable files are converted into machine language data by LINK77 2 1 Functions Development of a large software requires functions that enable several engineers to share pro gramming resources such as data and existing codes RASMT77 offers the following functions to facilitate this task 1 The user can specify any section name desired by the pseudo instruction SECTION 2 Because there is no limit to the number of sections that can be specified address specifica tion is possible for linkage editing ev
191. phanumeric characters special characters under line and question mark 2 The first character must be an alphabetic or special character 2 8 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 3 Field Coding Method 2 Reserved words cannot be used as names PRE77 processes register names flag names op code pseudo instruction and operand description instructions including DP DT LG as reserved words 3 Uppercase and lowercase are distinguished Therefore BIG and Big are recognized as different names 4 Alabel or symbol may be no more than 255 characters long 5 The following labels beginning with two periods must be used because they labels generated by PRE77 Other labels beginning with must also be avoided because they be used by PRE77 or RASMTT in the future D0 to D65535 F0 to F65535 e 10 to 165535 2 50 to 565535 6 When coding label it must be followed immediately by a colon However warning is issued if a colon is coded immediately after a symbol 3 3 2 Op code Pseudo Instruction Field A 7700 Family instruction mnemonic or a pseudo instruction is specified in the op code pseudo instruction field The specification format is described below 1 No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters for instruction mne monic and pseudo instructions Thus both NOP and nop mean the same 3 3 3 Operand Field The tar
192. ple IF MODE ELSE ERROR Undefined assemble mode ENDIF EVEN Correct address alignment Format A EVEN Description e Corrects address to an even numbered address e EAH is output when this pseudo instruction is used in ROM attribute section section for instruction or data definition instruction address update only is performed when this pseudo instruction is used in a RAM section memory allocation instruction section Nothing is performed if the address to be corrected is even Example BYTEOIH Defines 01H data EVE Corrects data location alignment outputs EAH code 1 70 434 NECESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Pseudo Instructions Declare external reference Format A EXT label symbol label or symbol label or symbol Description Declares external referencing of the labels or symbols specified in the operand field Direct or absolute addressing code is generated by DT or for external label refer enced by EXT If the command option Q is specified a warning is issued where DT and DP are specified An error will occur during linkage if the scope of direct or absolute addressing mode is exceeded This pseudo instruction must be specified before the lines that reference the labels or sym bols Note If the label externally referenced by this pseudo instruction is used as operand other than memory reference
193. r 3 Source Program Coding Method 3 1 Structure of Source Program 13 3 2 Line eu CN 14 3 2 1 Instruction Lime EE 14 3 2 2 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Line 14 3 2 3 Pseudo hl Ego erte ln NET 14 3 2 4 Macro Instruction E 15 3 2 5 Comment Lie uu 15 3 3 Field Coding Method III ag aaa ua ME Cus 15 3 9 1 Symbol Eabel Field ttt reete sasa Aa ena taste ie de Pea tene quta 15 3 3 2 Op code Pseudo Instruction 16 3 9 9 Be DEE 16 3 3 4 Comment Field u l a 16 3 4 Operand Field Coding Method 16 34 1 Data UNIES IM IINE INT 16 3 42 En dene 17 Chapter 4 Instruction Coding Method 4 1 Addr sing Mode ie 19 4 2 Data Length Specification J J ka J J T T 21 4 3 Setting Direct and Absolute Addressing 23 4 4 Addressing Mode Selection J J J J l 23 4 4 1 Setting the Direct Page Register and Data Bank Register 24 4 4 2 Addressing Mode During Symbol Absolute Value Operation 25 4 4 3 Addressing Mode During La
194. r Messages Error Message Description and User Action Usage pre77 Command input is invalid Check the HELP screen and reenter the command Can t open xxx File cannot be found Check the source filename and reenter correctly Can t create xxx File cannot be created Check the o parameter specification and reenter correctly Out of disk space Disk space is insufficient for file output Provide sufficient free space on the disk Can t find rasm77 RASM77 EXE cannot be found Copy RASM77 EXE to the current directory or a di rectory specified by MS DOS command path Can t find command com for execute xxx COMMAND COM file necessary to start the editor speci fied by the E option cannot be found Check MS DOS command path specification Out of heap space Memory space is insufficient to execute PRE77 Reduce the number of symbols or labels 2 28 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Preprocessor Error Messages A 2 Preprocessor Error Messages When a preprocessor error is detected an error message is output on the screen Table A 2 lists the preprocessor error messages Table A 2 List of Preprocessor Error Messages Error no Error message Description 1 Division by 0 A division by 0 is performed Check the coding of expressions 2 Nesting error Nesting level exceeds the allowed maximum Change the program and reduce the number of
195. rated by searching PROCMAIN with a character string search program PROCMAIN START KEY SCAN Key scan program entry 1 35 434 NEC SAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 6 MACRO INSTRUCTION CHAPTER 6 Macro Instruction 6 1 Macro Instruction Functions Macro instruction enables programs written in series 7700 Family assembly language to be defined as a macro and used in a user source program by coding its name as an instruction in the operand field This enables the 7700 Family to be used as an enhanced CPU during programming by creating various macro definitions in advance In this way the macro function enables the user to organize his own programming environment 6 2 Macro Instruction Types Macros can be classified into RASM77 provided macros and user defined macros 1 System macros REPEATI ENDM Repeats processing for the number of arguments specified in the operand REPEATC ENDM Repeats processing for the number of characters specified as argument in the operand REPEAT ENDM Repeats processing for the number of times specified in the operand 2 User macros MACRO ENDM Defines a macro instruction EXITM Forces termination of macro expansion LOCAL Defines a label used within a macro as a local label 1 36 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp 6 2 Macro Instruction Types Notes 1 System macros can be used by itself or within a user macro definition User macros mu
196. re used to control linkage output file version check word alignment etc Table 4 1 lists the command parameters available with LINK77 Command parameter Table 4 1 List of Command Parameters Description Allows absolute sections with same name to overlap This can be used to combine shared global memory areas Issues warning when certain branch instruction is bank boundary ing is also issued when there is a data that has the same value as the machine word of the instruction BRAL LINK77 outputs warning when processing with this option if the code data which the jump address of BRAL is xxFFFFH is found F Specifies the output file name The format is as follows FTEST Output files are output with the file names TEST HEX TEST MAP and TEST SYM M Outputs a MAP file Section information only MS Outputs a MAP file including global labels and symbols listings N Ignores the R77 and LIB file reference information specified with the pseudo instructions OBJ and LIB in the source file O Specifies the directory for the output file The format is as follows OCAUSRWORK Specifies to output the output file to the USR WORK directory on drive C 8 Outputs a SYM file V Checks for version consistency between relocatable files To use this function version declaration must be made in the assembly language source files using the pseudo instruction VER W Aligns sect
197. ression for next statement Ifor next statement next statement The for statement controls program loop and repeats a group of statements while the speci fied condition is true do while statement Ido while statement lido while statement The do statement repeats a group of statements while the specified condition is true 2 12 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 3 Statement Types 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 switch case ends statement Iswitch case ends statement llswitch case ends statement The switch statement passes control to one of several statements according to the value of the condition expression break statement Ibreak statement llbreak statement The break statement stops execution of for do or switch construct and passes control to the next statement continue statement Icontinue statement llcontinue statement The continue statement creates a dummy null statement at the end of the innermost for or do construct containing the continue statement and passes control to that statement goto statement Igoto statement Ilgoto statement The goto statement causes an unconditional jump to any address that is explicitly indicated in the program 2 13 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS 4 3 Coding Rules The rules for coding in structured preprocessor lang
198. rors These are the errors caused by use of different versions of the LINK77 RASM77 and LIB77 programs for example If the cause of error cannot be determined contact Mitsubishi Elec tric Semiconductor Software Corporation When LINK77 detects an error it outputs error information in the format shown in Figure 4 8 The information should be checked against the error message list in error number order in Appendix A and appropriate action must be taken A gt LINK77 MAIN SUB WORKRAM 100 PROM C000 DROM 7700 Family LINKER V 2 02 10 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All Rights Reserved now processing pass 1 processing MAIN R77 ERROR NO 2 Out of heap space A gt Figure 4 8 Example of Error Display 3 15 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 4 OPERATION 4 4 2 Return Values to OS When using an OS according to the re batch execution file there are times when it is desirable to modify processing sults of execution LINK77 returns one of five error levels to OS depending on the result of execution as summarized in Table 4 3 For explanation of how to utilize these error levels refer to an OS reference guide Table 4 3 List of Error Levels Error level Execution result 0 Normal termination 1 Error in contents of relocatable files to be linked 2 LINK77 command input error 3 MS DOS error 4 LINK7
199. rt of function Format A FUNCAlabel Description Specifies the start of function subroutine This instruction enables source line debugging This pseudo instruction cannot be nested Example FUNC SUB Specifies the start of function SUB LDA 0 RTS ENDFUNC SUB LANGUAGE Output language name Format A LANGUAGEAlanguage name Description Sets the language information necessary for source debugging Notes Language information is not output to object file if the command line parameter C is not specified This pseudo instruction is allowed only once in a source file Example LANGUAGE C 1 85 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS POINTER Define pointer length Format A POINTER numeric value Description Defines the byte length of pointer variable used with C compiler Anumber from 1 to 255 can be specified as operand Note This pseudo instruction is allowed only once in a source file Example POINTER 2 SOURCE Define source file name Format A SOURCE source file name Description Defines the file name necessary during source debugging Notes Uppercase and lowercase characters are distinguished in the file name This pseudo instruction must be coded before the CLINE instruction Example SOURCE PROG1 C CLINE 1 SOURCE A INCLUDE STDIO H INE 1 1 86
200. s 3 2 1 Source Filename 1 Source filename must always be specified If specification of file extension A77 is omitted the default extension A77 is used A file whose extension is not A77 e g ASM can be processed by specifying full filename Drive name may be specified with filename If only the filename is specified a file in the current drive is processed Directory path cannot be specified Up to 16 source filenames may be specified 3 2 2 Command Parameters Command parameters are used to specify whether or not to detect the pseudo instruction IN CLUDE in the source files and to specify the drive name for the output file 5 4 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 3 Input Mode Table 3 1 List of Command Parameters Command parameter Description O Specifies the drive name and directory path to which the cross reference file is output The coding format is as follows Example A CRF77 SRCFILE OC NTMP lt RET gt Outputs the cross reference file to directory TMP on drive C l Specifies to ignore the pseudo instruction INCLUDE The INCLUDE pseudo instruction for RASM77 allows nesting up to 9 levels but the INCLUDE pseudo instruction for CRF77 does not allow nesting Therefore use this command option when processing wit CRF77 source containing INCLUDE pseudo instruction nests 3 3 Input Mode 3 3 1 Command Line Input Mode CRF77 is started when a command line is inp
201. s created 2 2 Files Created LINK77 creates three types of files 1 Machine language data file hereafter referred to as HEX file HEX file is output in the extended Intel hexadecimal format when the address range is within 1 M bytes When the address range exceeds 1 M bytes HEX file is output in the original 7700 Family HEX format 1 LIB77 is the name of the 7700 Family librarian program Sections are the basic units that make up a program Physically different units such as ROM areas and RAM areas are sections For more detailed explanation see Chapter 4 For the specifications of the original HEX format for 7700 Family see Appendix B 3 2 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 2 Files Created The output format is automatically selected based on the address range size HEX files have the extension HEX 2 Mapping file hereafter referred to as MAP file MAP file contains the final location information for the sections of files that have been linked MAP file can be printed for use in debugging and for determining the memory size of each section file is output when the command parameter is specified MAP file has the extension MAP Organization of MAP file is described in the next section 3 Symbolic file hereafter referred to as SYM file SYM file contains various information necessary for symbolic debugging SYM file is output when the command parameter S is specified SYM
202. specified between the label and macro instruction C 2 Macro Instructions 1 93 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX INSTRUCTIONS ENDM Declares end of macro Format A ENDM Description e This instruction specifies the end of all macro definitions Example Macro Definition ADD MACRO VAL CLC ADC VAL ENDM Macro Call ADD 10 Macro Expansion CLC ADC 10 ENDM 1 94 RenesasTechnology Corp C 2 Macro Instructions EXITM Exit from macro Format A EXITM Description This instruction cancels macro expansion and passes control to the nearest ENDM Example Macro Definition 1 VAL IF LABEL BYTE VAL EXITM ENDIF WORD VAL END Macro Call LABEL EQU 1 10 Macro Expansion IF LABEL BYTE 10 EXITM ENDIF END 1 95 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX MACRO INSTRUCTIONS LOCAL Defines macro local label Format A LOCALAlabel label label Description This instruction defines a label defined within a macro as a local label Labels declared as local are assigned labels n n is decimal in the order of appearance during assembly Therefore the user must not use labels beginning with two periods Local declaration must be made before a label is used Example Macro Definition LOOP MACRO
203. ssing Mode Coding Format TDA Implied TDA TDB Implied TDB TSA Implied TSA TSB Implied TSB TSX Implied TSX TXA Implied TXA TXB Implied TXB TXS Implied TXS TXY Implied TXY TYA Implied TYA TYB Implied TYB TYX Implied TYX WIT Implied WIT XAB Implied XAB 1 120 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp E 1 Instruction by Addressing Mode APPENDIX E Instruction by Addressing Mode E 1 Instruction by Addressing Mode The coding format and instructions for each addressing mode are shown below The symbols are the same as those used in Appendix B 1 1 Implied Instruction Coding format BRK CLC CLI CLM CLV CLC DEX DEY INX INY NOP SEC SEI SEM STP TAX RTI RTL RTS TAY TAD TAS TBB TBD TBS TBX TBY TDA TDB TSA TSB TSX TXA TXB TXS TXY TYA TYB TYX WIT XAB 2 Immediate Instruction Coding format ADC AND CMP EOR LDA ADC Acc imm ORA SBC DIV DIVS MPY MPYS RMPA DIV imm CPX CPY LDX LDY CPX imm SEP CLP d8 CLP LDT LDT d8 1 121 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX E INSTRUCTION SETS ADDRESSING MODE 3 Accumulator Instruction Coding format ASL ASR DEC EXTS EXTZ ASL Acc INC LSR ROL ROR RLA RLA d8 4 Direct Bit Instruction 1 Geding format CLB SEB CLB imm zz CLB imm dp zz 5 Absolute Bit Instruction Coding format CLB SEB CLB simm hhll CLB imm dt hhll 6 Stack
204. ssion is compared with the case constant at the beginning of the statement and control is passed to the statement that matches If there is no case with matching value control is passed to the default statement if it exists If there is no default statement Iswitch is exited without executing any statement The default part may be omitted After control is passed to the matching case statement the subsequent case statements are executed in sequence The break Ibreak or llbreak statement can be used to exit the Iswitch construct without executing the next case Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression and constant Note fIswitch is coded BRAL is generated by break Macro arguments cannot be coded in the condition expression of SWITCH or CASE con stant Example lswitch work case 1 jsr outputl break case 2 jsr output2 break case 3 jsr output3 break default jsr output4 ends 2 53 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX B STRUCTURED PREPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS LLSWITCH CASE ENDS LLSWITCH statement Format A label ALLSWITCH condition expression A label constant statement A label ACASE constant statement A label ADEFAULT statement A label AENDS Description llswitch statement passes control to one of several statements according to the value of the condition expression The value
205. st be defined before it can be used Therefore macro definitions are nor mally placed at the beginning of a program or included at the beginning with the INCLUDE pseudo instruction User macros can be nested up to 20 levels By providing macro definitions as separate files macro library they can be used simply by including them at the beginning of a program thus eliminating the need to define them in each program Macro expansion lines are indicated with a sign next to them in the source file list Labels declared as local are assembled with labels n n 0 to 65535 in decimal assigned in the order of appearance Labels beginning with are reserved for future use in RASM77 Therefore labels beginning with must not be used by the user Upper and lowercase characters are distinguished in macro names Therefore MAC and Mac are assumed to be two separate macros 6 3 Macro Operators Table 6 1 lists the operators that can be used in macro instructions 1 37 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 6 MACRO INSTRUCTION Table 6 1 List of Macro Operators Operators Description Placed before a special character such as V that cannot be used as macro argument to declare that character as argument Format character 2 4 Defines comment within macro definition that is not to expanded Format comment 9 Used to enclose an argument macro call when the argument
206. table files Section control information should be specified only for relocatable section Absolute sec tions are placed at fixed address specified with the pseudo instruction ORG regardless of the section specification Section placement sequence if specified must be specified starting from the lower order address using a space as the delimiter between section names Starting address for each section if specified must be specified in the section name address format Address must be specified in hexadecimal beginning 0 and ending need not be specified If the start address of a relocatable section is omitted it is placed starting from address 0 If section control information is not specified each relocatable section is placed immediately after its preceding section If however word alignment is specified with the command param eter W relocatable section is placed at word boundary LINK77 recognizes uppercase and lowercase characters in section name as different charac ters 3 9 434 NE SAS Renesas Technology Corp CHAPTER 4 OPERATION 8 Overlapping of section addresses causes an error However if the command parameter AT is specified absolute addresses may be over lapped This allows more than one program file to be loaded with the INCLUDE pseudo instruction without specifying external reference for absolute address label in SFR area 4 2 4 Command Parameters Command parameters a
207. the specifica tions on this line to machine language data 2 Structured preprocessor instruction line A structured preprocessor instruction line specifies the structured preprocessor language that is processed by PRE77 3 Pseudo instruction line A pseudo instruction line specifies the information necessary for assembly 1 13 2 1 RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 SOURCE PROGRAM CODING METHOD 4 Macro instruction line A macro instruction line specifies the macro definition This line is processed by the assem bler 5 Comment line A comment line is not processed by the assembler Therefore it can be used by the user for any purpose 3 2 Line Formats This section describes the format of each type of line The following conventions are used for these descriptions 1 A and A specify space or tab code A is required and A is optional 2 Colon may be omitted when specifying a label but if omitted a space or a tab code must be specified between label and pseudo instruction 3 2 1 Instruction Line Shown below is the format of an instruction line A Label A Op code Operand A Comment RET AT Op code A Comment RET T Because 5 77 identifies each instruction by its reserved word a line can begin with an op code if there is no label 3 2 2 Structured Preprocessor Instruction Line This line is not processed by the assembler Refer to Part 2 Chapter 3 for details c
208. tions equipment test and measurement equipment audio and visual equipment home electronic appliances machine tools personal electronic equipment and industrial robots High Quality Transportation equipment automobiles trains ships etc traffic control systems anti disaster systems anti crime systems safety equipment and medical equipment not specifically designed for life support Specific Aircraft aerospace equipment submersible repeaters nuclear reactor control systems medical equipment or systems for life support e g artificial life support devices or systems surgical implantations or healthcare intervention e g excision etc and any other applications or purposes that pose a direct threat to human life You should use the Renesas Electronics products described in this document within the range specified by Renesas Electronics especially with respect to the maximum rating operating supply voltage range movement power voltage range heat radiation characteristics installation and other product characteristics Renesas Electronics shall have no liability for malfunctions or damages arising out of the use of Renesas Electronics products beyond such specified ranges Although Renesas Electronics endeavors to improve the quality and reliability of its products semiconductor products have specific characteristics such as the occurrence of failure at a certain rate and malfunctions under certain use conditions
209. tive auxiliary circuits ii use of nonflammable material or iii prevention against any malfunction or mishap Notes regarding these materials These materials are intended as a reference to assist our customers in the selection of the Renesas Technology product best suited to the customer s application they do not convey any license under any intellectual property rights or any other rights belonging to Renesas Technology Corporation Renesas Solutions Corporation or a third party Renesas Technology Corporation and Renesas Solutions Corporation assume no responsibility for any damage or infringement of any third party s rights originating in the use of any product data diagrams charts programs algorithms or circuit application examples contained in these materials All information contained in these materials including product data diagrams charts programs and algorithms represents information on products at the time of publication of these materials and are subject to change by Renesas Technology Corporation and Renesas Solutions Corporation without notice due to product improvements or other reasons It is therefore recommended that customers contact Renesas Technology Corporation Renesas Solutions Corporation or an authorized Renesas Technology product distributor for the latest product information before purchasing a product listed herein The information described here may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical
210. truction and operator both the lines before replacement and the replaced result lines are output to a print file M Outputs macro expansion to PRN file and generates the PRN file Macro expan sions are not output to file if this parameter is not specified 1 42 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 7 2 Input Parameters Command parameter Description N Suppresses output of symbol list at the end of PRN file O Specifies the output destination path for the file to be created Either directory or drive name may be specified as the path If this command parameter is not specified the file created is output to the same path as that of the source file Specification format is as follows Opath name Example A gt RASM77 SRCFILE OB WORK RET P Line numbers are not increase in macro expansion Q Outputs warning 7 when the pseudo instruction EQU is used to equate a symbol that is already equated No warning is issued when the same symbol is equated to a different value if this parameter is not specified Warning 8 is issued if LG is coded to selected absolute long addressing mode No warning is issued when LG is coded if this parameter is not specified 5 Outputs local symbol information to object file Specify this option during assembly to debug local symbols during debugging If an error occurs in the user macro the line number information of
211. tructions in Macros 20 4 6 RASM77 Instruction Lines Pseudo Instruction Lines 20 Chapter 5 Pseudo Instructions 5 1 Function of Pseudo Instructions 21 5 2 Preprocess Control J 21 2 i lt N CSAS RenesasTechnology Corp Chapter 6 Operation 5 1 Starting PRE77 EN 23 6 2 Input Parameters dainai 23 6 2 1 Source Filename umataq aaa 23 6 2 2 Command Parameters u u uu uu uu L uuu 23 6 3 INPUT Method e 25 6 4 uuu sasa de sid DR 26 6 4 1 Error TYPOS 26 6 42 Error IMTOMMAUOM EE 26 6 5 Return Values to MS DOS J 27 6 6 Environment Variables 27 Appendix A Error Messages System Error MesSatj8S TTT 28 A 2 Preprocessor Error Messages 29 Warning Messages 32 Appendix B Structured Preprocessor Instructions CNR u u 33 B 2 Structured Preprocessor
212. ts the excess arguments are ignored If the number of arguments on macro call is less than the number of dummy arguments null character string with length 0 is assigned to dummy arguments that have no corresponding actual argument Any number of arguments can be specified on macro call regardless of the number of dummy arguments in the macro definition However all arguments must fit in one line Each argu ment must be delimited by a comma To pass a comma or space as argument enclose it in double quotes Commas inside parentheses are not treated as delimiters Macro expansion lines are indicated in the list file with a plus sign The same macro name can be used to define more than one macro In this case the definition immediately prior to the call takes effect when a call is made 1 97 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX MACRO INSTRUCTIONS Example Example 1 Macro definition without operand Macro Definition ADD1 LDA LDX CLC ADC STA Macro Call ADD1 Macro Expansion LDA LDX CLC ADC STA MACRO ENDM ENDM A DEF A TABLE X A GHI A DEF A TABLE X A GHI Example 2 Macro definition with operand Macro Definition ADD2 LDA CLC ADC STA Macro Call ADD2 Macro Expansion LDA LDX CLC ADC STA MACRO ENDM ENDM V1 IMM V2 T Dummy argument A V1 IMM A TABLE X
213. u have any other inquiries Note 1 Renesas Electronics as used in this document means Renesas Electronics Corporation and also includes its majority owned subsidiaries Note 2 Electronics product s means any product developed or manufactured by or for Renesas Electronics all our customers Regarding the change of names mentioned in the document such as Mitsubishi Electric and Mitsubishi XX to Renesas Technology Corp The semiconductor operations of Hitachi and Mitsubishi Electric were transferred to Renesas Technology Corporation on April 1st 2003 These operations include microcomputer logic analog and discrete devices and memory chips other than DRAMs flash memory etc Accordingly although Mitsubishi Electric Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Mitsubishi Semiconductors and other Mitsubishi brand names are mentioned in the document these names have in fact all been changed to Renesas Technology Corp Thank you for your understanding Except for our corporate trademark logo and corporate statement no changes whatsoever have been made to the contents of the document and these changes do not constitute any alteration to the contents of the document itself Note Mitsubishi Electric will continue the business operations of high frequency amp optical devices and power devices Renesas Technology Corp Customer Support Dept April 1 2003 24 N SAS Renesas Technology C
214. uage are described below 1 When coding memory that is referenced in each 7700 Family addressing mode in the condi tion expression of assignment statement or control statements such as if it must be en closed in or Y Example 1 WORK 10 Example 2 if WORK else endif 2 When coding any bit that can be referenced by a bit symbol in the condition expression of assignment statement or control statements such as if it must be enclosed in P or Y However the following reserved words are provided to reference an accumulator bit In this case the or are not necessary Furthermore no distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase characters Therefore BIT AO and bit 0 are both valid Table 4 1 shows the accumulator bit reference reserved words Table 4 1 Accumulator Bit Reference Reserved Words BIT AO Accumulator A bit 0 BIT BO Accumulator B bit 0 BIT A1 Accumulator A bit 1 BIT B1 Accumulator B bit 1 BIT A2 Accumulator A bit 2 BIT B2 Accumulator B bit 2 Accumulator bit 3 Accumulator bit 4 Accumulator A bit 4 BIT B4 Accumulator B bit 4 BIT A5 Accumulator A bit 5 BIT B5 Accumulator B bit 5 BIT A6 Accumulator A bit 6 BIT B6 Accumulator B bit 6 BIT A7 Accumulator A bit 7 BIT B7 Accumulator B bit 7 BIT A8 Accumulator A bit 8 BIT B8 Accumulator B bit 8 BIT A9 Accumulator A bit 9 BIT B9 Accumu
215. ue of the condition expression The value of the expression is compared with the case constant at the beginning of the statement and control is passed to the statement that matches If there is no case with matching value control is passed to the default statement if it exists If there is no default statement switch is exited without executing any statement The default part may be omitted After control is passed to the matching case statement the subsequent case statements are executed in sequence The break or llbreak statement can be used to exit the switch construct without executing the next case e Refer to the syntax diagram for the details concerning the condition expression and constant Note Macro arguments cannot be coded in the condition expression of SWITCH or CASE con stant Example switch work case 1 jsr outputl break case 2 jsr output2 break case 3 jsr output3 break default jsr output4 ends 2 52 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 2 Structured Preprocessor Instructions LSWITCH CASE ENDS LSWITCH statement Format A label ALSWITCH condition expression A label ACASE constant statement A label ACASE constant statement A label ADEFAULT lt statement gt A label AENDS Description The Iswitch statement passes control to one of several statements according to the value of the condition expression The value of the expre
216. ue of the data bank register is unchanged Example DT 01H Declares 010000 01FFFFH as DT value DT BANK LABEL Sets the high order 8 bits of LABEL as the value of data bank register Declares not to use absolute addressing mode SE 1 67 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS DTEXT Declare external reference data bank Format A DTEXT A bank name label Jlabel label label Description Declares external referencing of the labels specified in the operand field in the absolute addressing mode bank name label is specified the assembler uses the value of this label as the data bank value The instruction BANK is not necessary f bank name is not specified the assembler executes processing assuming that the label is included in the current DT value that has been declared by the pseudo instruction DT This pseudo instruction must be specified before the label referencing line Example DTEXT DTPG1 WORK1 WORK2 WORK3 DWORD Define double word data Format A label A DWORD expression Description Defines 1 double word data Up to 8 data may be specified but each data must be delimited by Data is defined from low order byte Global label may be specified in the operand field Example label DWORD OE1000H Defines OOH 10H OEH and OOH DWORD symbol Defines values of symbol from low order byte 1 68
217. ufficient for file output Make free space on the disk 19 Relative jump out of range Relative jump address in the indicate location is out of SECTION xxx ADDRESS xxx OFFSET xxx accessing range Correct the program so that the jump destination label is within the accessing range Error location is specified by section name absolute address and offset from the beginning of section 3 20 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp A 1 List of Link Errors Error No Error message Meaning and actions 20 Expression is out of DP range The result of expression processed in the direct address SECTION xxx ADDRESS xxx ing mode exceeds the range of DPR value declared by OFFSET xxx DP through 0FFH Correct the program so that the result will be in the range indicated above Error location is specified by section name absolute address and offset from the beginning of section 21 Expression is out of DT range The result of an expression processed in the absolute SECTION xxx ADDRESS xxx addressing mode exceeded the bank area of data bank OFFSET xxx register declared by DT Correct the program so that the result will be in the data bank register s bank range Error location is specified by section name absolute address and offset from the beginning of section 22 Out of maximum program size Program size exceeds 16M bytes OFFFFFFFH Reduce the size of the program 23 Section type mismatch in ROM and RAM t
218. ut from the command prompt Figure 3 1 shows how to start CRF77 gt 77 SRCFILE1 SCRFILE2 SRCFILE3 lt RET gt Figure 3 1 Command Input Line Example When 77 detects an error during command line input it outputs the HELP screen and cancels processing see Figure 3 2 A gt CRF77 lt RET gt 7700 Family CROSS REFERENCE V 2 10 10 Copyright 1998 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION AND MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS CORPORATION All Rights Reserved Usage crf77 lt filename gt ifilename opath i not include specified files us ifilename select drive and directory for output use otmp Figure 3 2 Help Screen when a Command Line Error Occurs 5 5 434 NE SAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 OPERATION 3 4 Errors 3 4 1 Error Types The following types of errors may occur during execution of CRF77 1 OSerrors Errors related to the environment in which CRF77 is executed These errors include disk and memory shortages When such an error occurs the error message list in Appendix A should be checked and appropriate OS command should be entered 2 CRF77 command line input errors These are the errors in CRF77 startup command input Command input should be checked against the descriptions in this chapter and a correct command line must be re input 3 Source file error This error occurs when
219. ut mode has the following features In this input mode the operation to be performed by LIB77 is stored in a command file using an editor in advance and the name of this command file is specified when starting LIB77 The command file input mode is convenient when the command line input mode cannot be used because there are too many file names and command characters The command file input mode can also be used when specifying execution commands in a batch file or a make file Command filename is entered using 9 as prefix when starting LIB77 prompt as shown in Figure 3 3 In the example shown in Figure 3 3 LIB77 executes the contents of the file CMD DAT Specifications in a command file are same as when using the command line input mode except that LIB77 need not be specified to start LIB77 Line feed code is interpreted as a space so that a long command can be specified on multiple lines The specifications in the example shown in Figure 3 2 can be created in a command file as illustrated in Figure 3 4 4 13 434 NEC SAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 3 OPERATION gt 77 CMD DAT lt R Figure 3 3 Specifying a Command File TEST LIB E FILE2 FILE3 Figure 3 4 Example of Command File Specification When commands are input correctly LIB77 starts processing When LIB77 completes execution of all commands specified it outputs a termination message on the screen and terminates
220. y file subject to updating LIB77 compares the updating date of the relocatable file specified by F to the updating date of the module as cataloged in the library file and updates only if the relocatable file specified by F is more recent Information in OS directory is used as the updating date of relocatable file Thus this function should not be used on a computer that does not have the calendar function 3 3 Input Modes 3 3 1 Command Line Input Mode The command line input mode has the following features 1 This input mode allows input of librarian commands from the OS command prompt 2 Because OS limits command length this input mode should be used when only few files and command parameters are needed 4 12 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 3 3 Input Modes 3 This input mode can also be used when specifying execution commands in a batch file or a make file Figure 3 1 illustrates an example of deleting a module FILE1 R77 from a library file TEST LIB Figure 3 2 illustrates an example of adding relocatable files FILE1 R77 and FILE2 R77 to a library file TEST LIB A gt LIB77 D O TEST LIB F FILE1 lt RET gt Figure 3 1 Example of Command Input Line 1 Module Deletion A gt LIB77 TEST LIB F FILE2 FILE3 lt RET gt Figure 3 2 Example of Command Input Line 2 Relocatable File Addition 3 3 2 Command File Input Mode The command file inp
221. ymbol Selects absolute addressing mode DT absolute value Example DPEXT SECTION LAB BLKB SECTION Selects absolute addressing mode DPLAB DATA 1 PRO OFF lt Disable direct page addressing A DPLAB lt Absolute long addressing A DP ADDR1 lt Error 22 Value is out of range 1 28 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp 4 4 Addressing Mode Selection Note 1 When using a relocatable local label in direct or absolute addressing write DP or DT in the operand If only a local label is written the assembler uses absolute long addressing 2 Ifa label specified with the pseudo instruction DPEXT is coded in the operand and operation is performed on that label direct addressing is also used for the code generated as the result of the operation Example DPEXT WORKA lt Specify external label of a direct page STA A WORKA 1 lt Treat operation result as direct page In this case the instruction STA is assembled using direct addressing However whether the operation result is within the scope of direct addressing is determined during linkage The same is true for the label specified with DTEXT 3 If the command option Q is specified a warning is issued for instruction lines that specify other addressing mode with codes such as LG for labels specified with DPEXT or DTEXT 1 29 434 NESAS RenesasTechnology Corp CHAPTER 5 PSEUDO INSTRUCTION CODING METH
222. ypes are specified in the indicated SECTION xxx section Change the section to all ROM type or all RAM type 24 Pointer length mismatch The pointer length used by C compiler is not uniform Unify the value set with the pseudo instruction POINTER 3 21 RenesasTechnology Corp APPENDIX ERROR MESSAGES A 2 Warning Message A 2 List of Warning Messages Warning No Warning message Meaning and actions 0 XXX instruction exist at end of bank The instruction RTS JMP JSR is on bank bound address XXXXH ary address XXXXH This warning also appears when there is data identical to machine code of instruction XXX 1 BRAL specified address is xxFFFFh It is possible that BRAL mnemonic which jump address is description address xxxxh xxFFFFh was located at xxxxh address Confirm that the found data is under BRAL mnenmonic because LINK77 searches machine language file for the machine code pattern 3 22 RenesasTechnology Corp 1 Original Format for 7700 Family APPENDIX B MITSUBISHI Original HEX Format B 1 MITSUBISHI Original HEX Format The MITSUBISHI original HEX format uses partially modified extended Intel HEX format address records to enable expression of the entire memory space of 7700 Family Shown below is the address record format 02 0000 FF 00xx xx lt RET gt 1 2 34 5 The fields 1 2 3 4 5 specify the following information

RASM77 V.5.10 User`s Manual

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