Design and development of a project
Contents
1. W Bruce J C Harden and R B Reese Cooperative and Progressive design experience for embedded systems IEEE Transactions on Education vol 47 no l pp 83 92 Feb 2004 Silik C Nagvaara P Taskin B A Microcontroller based Embedded system design course with PSoC3 IEEE International conference on Microelectronic Systems Education MSE June 2 3 2013 pp 28 31 Wilfried Elmenreich Christian Trodhandl and Bettina weiss Embedded system Home Experimentation Proceddings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic systems Education MSE 03 www ngxtechnologies com LPC1768 User Manual NXP Semiconductors UM10360 http www keil com www ti com lit ds symlink Im35 Limpraptono F Y Sudibyo H Ratna A A P The design of Embedded Web server for remote laboratories microcon troller system experiment IEEE Region Conference on TENCON 2011 pp 1198 1202 Nov 21 24 2011 www nskelectronics com rfid_ reader2. experiments 13 The set of experiments described here can also be useful for an electronics hobbyist having basic knowledge on electronics and to a fresh research student who wants to work in the direction of microcontroller instrumentation In general the embedded system design should qualify the following e The microcontroller CPU should posses high processing power and present sufficient on chip memory e The total embedded system hardware should consume less power facilitating battery powered operation The total hardware should occupy less space and function properly in real time fault tolerant and reliable modes Further all the above features are met with LPC1768 mixed signal controller Performing the exercises described here while learning the theory of LPC1768 the student acquires a partial skill in the embedded system design This paper is organized as Section II gives brief description of the architectural details of ARM Cortex M3 LPC1768 mixed signal controller and programming procedure of the controller using KEIL uvision4 Section III gives the details of hardware and software developed in the present study Conclusions and scope for future work are included in Section IV 2 Architecture and Programming Procedure using Keil nVision 4 2 1 Architecture of LPC1768 The LPC1768 is a 32 bit mixed signal processor from NXP semiconductor is most widely used in a number of embedded systems such as
3. mobiles automobiles industrial control etc LPC1768 Xplorer board was purchased from NGX Technologies Bangalore which cost about 35 14 It consists of ARM Cortex M3 as its core with 512kB flash memory and 64kB data memory which offers high level of integration and low power consumption Other important features include gt Operates at a frequency up to 1OOMHz gt It incorporates a 3 stage Pipeline architecture of 0 91MIPS MHz fetching decoding and running gt Harvard architecture with separate instructions local data buses and a third bus for Peripheral communication The on chip peripheral components of the LPC1768 include Ethernet MAC a USB interface that can be configured as either Host Device or OTG 8 channel general purpose DMA controller 4 UARTs 2 CAN channels 2 SSP controllers SPI interface 3 I2C interfaces 2 input plus 2 output I2S interface 8 channel 12 bit ADC 10 bit DAC motor control PWM Quadrature Encoder interface 4 general purpose timers 6 output general purpose PWM ultra low power RTC with separate battery supply and up to 70 general purpose I O pins 15 It supports the operating systems such as WINDOWS CE LINUX Palm OS and so on The block diagram of ARM cortex M3 is shown in fig 1 a fig 1 b shows the internal architecture and fig 1 c shows the LPC1768 Xplorer board TEST DEBUG INTERFACE Deua USB Switch it SS Abas 10 100 MAC USB LM3526
4. 30 MHz gt Configure Match 0 register to reset the counter when a match event occurs gt Configure all PWM related Match registers to toggle on match gt Reset the counter to start the PWM program using PWMTCR register Figure 14 shows the photograph of the experiment Fig 14 Photograph of the PWM output Ex B3 Implementation of UART Serial communication is easy and efficient protocal for tranferring data for long distances 15 The LPC1768 has four on chip USARTs with fractional baud rate generation internal FIFO IrDA and DMA support One UART has modem control I O and RS 485 EIA 485 support The clock frequency for the USART is selected using software and baudrate 9600bps is set with USART Prescalar registers Components required MAX232 DB 9 connector RESET components capacitors and conecting wires Program is developed on LPC1768 to send the characters to personal computer using the following algorithm 1 Initialize the board 2 Power up UART1 using PCOMP register 3 Configure peripheral clock for UART1 using PCLK SEL1 register 4 Select P0 15 and P0 16 as TXD and RXD pins 5 Enable UART1 Transmit and Receive 6 Select 8 bit data length no parity l stop bit using UOLCR register 7 Character LPC1768 UARTI1 Done is sent through LPC1768 to desktop hyper terminal continuously Ex B4 Easy Web Application with on Chip Ethernet Ethernet block of LPC1768contains a full featured 10Mbps or 100Mbps Ethern
5. American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 2013 1 2 46 53 Published online December 20 2013 http www sciencepublishinggroup com j ajesa doi 10 11648 j ajesa 20130102 13 SciencePG Science Publishing Group Design and development of a project based embedded system laboratory using LPC1768 ex Aruna Kommu Raghavendra Rao Kanchi VLSI and Embedded System Laboratory Department of Physics Sri Krishnadevaraya University Ananatapuram 515003 A P India Email address kanchiraghavendrarao gmail com R R Kanchi To cite this article Aruna Kommu Raghavendra Rao Kanchi Design and Development of a Project Based Embedded System Laboratory Using LPC1768 American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications Vol 1 No 2 2013 pp 46 53 doi 10 11648 ajesa 20130102 13 Abstract In this paper we propose project based experiments useful in setting up an embedded system design laboratory It is an outcome of the author s experience in teaching computer architecture and embedded systems in theory The experiments and projects described herein are useful for the students to learn the building blocks of embedded system and can be implemented as one third semester laboratory course Further they are built around ARM based RISC processor LPC1768 architecture which supports modular programming The components including the microcontroller with programmer are inexpensive It gives a hands on experience to the undergradu
6. H aad LAN8720 r T j GPIO Watchdog 7 10 PIN CORTEX FT Rest User Switc JTAG SWD lt gt HEADER RTC 12C0 lt gt A72410256 i UARTO UART1 12C1 lt gt f ADCO ADC1 Dia TIMER gt O b 48 Aruna Kommu and Raghavendra Rao Kanchi Design and Development of a Project Based Embedded System Laboratory Using LPC1768 RJ45 Connector User switch Reset switch Ethernet PHY User LED LPC1768 Controller I2C EEPROM SD card slot 10 pin debug port c Fig 1 a Block diagram of ARM CortexM3 b Internal architecture of ARM CortexM3 c LPC1768 Xplorer board 2 2 Programming procedure using Keil uwVision 4 ARM offers the Keil Microcontroller Development kit MDK ARM for ARM powered microcontrollers It features the industry standard compiler the Kiel vision IDE sophisticated debugger and data trace capabilities Keil uVision4 is open source software which provides best development tool and technical support 16 Features such as free development tools and compilers plus the ability to integrate a low cost In Circuit Debugger ICD in to the ARM CPU module made the ARM an excellent choice for the new advances Programming steps involved in the development of a project are given below Step 1 To create a NEW project go to PROJECT drop down menu and select New Project Input a file name and save it
7. The screen shot of Step 1 is shown in fig 2 E rasm Debua Penpherais Toots svcs window Heip New pWision Project Project workspace Seve as type Prosect Fites c Hide Foiders lt File name eee pest Seve as type Project Fries Cuvprop Fig 2 Screen shot for creating a New Project Step 2 In this step select the chip to be programmed Here choose LPC1768 from NXP Philips After the selection of the chip a message box will be displayed and asks for to load the start up code in to the project click on OK The screen shot is shown in fig 3 Select Device for Target Target 1 EJ CPU Vendor NXP founded by Philips Device LPC2148 Toolset ARM Data base Description A4RMFTDMI S based high performance 32 bit RISC Microcon troller with Tr 5 z LPC2134 ea 3 LPC2134701 12KB_on chip Flash ROM with In System Programming ISP and In Applic 3 LPC2136 Two 10bit ADCs with 14 channels USB 2 0 Full Speed Device Controller Two UART s one with full modem interface A LPC2136701 Two 12C serial interfaces Two SPI serial interfaces ea LPC2138 Two 32 bit timers Watchdog Timer P M unit 3 LPc2138 01 Real Time Clock with optional battery backup 3 LPC2141 Brown out detect circuit 3 LPC2142 General purpose 70 pins 43 LPC2144 CPU clock up to 60 MHz On chip crystal oscillator and On chip PLL 3 LPc2146 3 LPec214s ea LPC2194 A LPc2194 01 l
8. amplifier IC ULN2003 is used It provides the necessary current to drive the Relay IC ULN2003 RESET components connecting wires and bread board are the required components The software is developed based on the following algorithm gt Initialize the board gt Configure the GPIO pin P0 10 as input pin using IODIR register gt Give a delay gt Make P0 10 low using IOCLR and high using IOSET register gt Toggle the LED when the relay goes high state Figure 11shows the photograph of the experiment Fig 11 LPC1768 interfaced with Relay With the description of the above experiments Module A comes to an end Thus Module A has focused more on basic input output I O programming Performing these experiments gives confidence in programming and working with the LPC1768 microcontroller in standalone mode The hardware circuit of all the I O interfacing experiments described above is shown in figure 12 PRUTIVEDVIOL Pe eames ace e maoe ozo HEHHE Fig 12 Total hardware for experiments A 1 to A 5 Module B Interfacing Experiments to Exploit the on Chip Peripherals One of the interesting features of LPC1768 ARM CortexM3 is that each pin of LPC1768 can perform up to four different functions which are selectable This module gives the information about interfacing of the on chip peripherals Analog to digital converter ADC Pulse Width Modulation PWM Serial Communicatio
9. ate student of Electronics and Communication Engineering ECE and Computer Science Engineering CSE or Post Graduate students with electronics major The salient feature of this module is that each experiment is explained by its hardware description software algorithm which includes dumping the hex file of the program on to the microcontroller s flash memory Our experience with the conduct of a 120 min end of semester practical examination show that with the chronological increase in hardware design the students exhibited the confidence in designing new stand alone systems with fairly complicated hardware and software Setting up a training laboratory of this type is easy with the material described in this paper Keywords Embedded System Laboratory Low Power Microcontroller LPC1768microcoontroller Stand alone System Hands on Experiments 1 Introduction The impact and presence of embedded systems is felt training is always essential In such a scenario a relevant directly in our daily walk of life Starting with cellular phones digital cameras home appliances space applications up to the ubiquitous networking and sensor networking embedded systems are used 1 Applications of embedded systems are increasing exponentially and is pervading in to the various branches of science and technology Further the development of low power mixed signal controllers from various manufacturers particularly from NXP Semiconductors has paved pat
10. decimal point of a common anode display are connected to port pins of LPC1768 via current limiting resistors 220Q The program is developed using Keil software to display hexadecimal numbers 0 F on the display The software is developed based on following algorithm gt Initialize the board gt Initialize the seven segment display with variables gt Set the control direction register IODIR to configure the GPIO port pins as output pins gt Display the hex numbers on seven segment display in up counter manner Figure A 2 shows the photograph of the experiment Fig 9 LPC1768 interfaced with seven segment display Hex value F is displayed on the seven segment display A 3 Stepper Motor Interfacing Experiment In this experiment the stepper motor is interfaced with LPC1768 using port pins P0 10 P0 11 P1 25 and P1 26 As the port outputs of the controller cannot drive the stepper motor directly the power amplifier IC ULN2003 is used It provides the necessary current to drive the motor Collect a stepper motor from the junked floppy drive mechanism IC ULN2003 RESET components connecting wires and bread board Assemble the circuit shown in figure 19 on the bread board The stepper motor is rotated in steps continuously by developing the software basing on the following algorithm gt Initialize the board gt Initialize the variables to rotate the stepper motor gt Configure the GPIO pins as output pins using IODIR r
11. egister 50 Aruna Kommu and Raghavendra Rao Kanchi Design and Development of a Project Based Embedded System Laboratory Using LPC1768 gt Send the data sequence to rotate the stepper motor in clock wise direction by manipulating the port pins using IOSET and IOCLR register gt Give a delay gt Stop the motor in low power mode Ex A 4 Push button interface debouncing and Toggling LED The main aim of the experiment is to debounce a mechanical switch by software while counting the number of times the button is pressed The decimal number corresponding to the number of pushes after debouncing is observed using LED connected to P0 10 Push button is connected to P1 25 pin Collect a mechanical switch LEDs RESET components bread board and connecting wires Assemble the circuit shown in figure 23 Program is developed to observe the number of toggles of LED after software debouncing using the following algorithm gt Initialize the board gt Configure pin P1 25 as input using IOPIN register gt Configure P0 10 as output which is connected LED to observe the debouncing Figure 11 shows the photograph of the experiment Fig 10 a LPC1768 interfaced with Push button b Push button debouncing LED toggling A 5 Relay Interfacing Experiment with LPC1768 In this experiment a Relay is interfaced with LPC1768 using port pins P0 10 As the port outputs of the controller cannot drive the Relay directly the power
12. et MAC Media access controller designed to provide optimized performance through the use of DMA hardware It has many application areas 17 LPC1768 Ethernet standard has the following features gt Supports 10 or 100 Mbps PHY devices including 10 Base T 100 Base TX 100 Base FX and 100 Base T4 gt Fully compliant with IEEE standard 802 3 gt TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The software is developed based on the following algorithm Initialize the system Set the Ethernet power clock control bit using PCONP register Set the PINSEL2 amp 3 register to configure Ethernet function Set the MAC configuration register 1to pass all receive frames set MAC register2 to append CRC and pad out frames Enable Reduced MII interface Set the receive and transmit descriptor base address register Initialize TCP clear HTTP server s flag register Configure pin P0 10 as output pin using IODIR register The program developed is uploaded to the flash memory of LPC1768 browse the webpage using IP address observe the LED on off which is connected to P0 10 Figure 15 shows the Photograph of easy web application Fig 15 Photograph of the Easy web application 52 Aruna Kommu and Raghavendra Rao Kanchi Design and Development of a Project Based Embedded System Laboratory Using LPC1768 The hardware circuit of all the peripheral interfacing experiments described above a
13. file The screen shot of which is shown in fig 5 Bmx new_project AVision3 C Documents and Settings User Desktop KEIL ARM Keil_board led main c E File Edit View Project Debug Flash Peripherals Tools SVCS Window Help 1 New Vision Project aod New Project Workspace iz a Import Vision Project v i ity Open Project Project Workspace Close Project 3 Target 1 Source Manage it Star Select Device for Target Target 1 i E mair i5 ss Components Environment Books t 1 GPIOIM 1 Options For Target Target 1 Fig 5 Screen shot for step 4 Step 5 After completion of Step 4 right click on target in project workspace select options for Target and click on output to create HEX FILE and finally click on OK the screen shot of which is shown in fig 6 Options for Target Target 1 Device Target Output Listing User C Asm LA Locate LA Misc l Debug Utilities Select Folder for Objects Name of Executable new_project Create Executable new_project V Debug Information V Browse Information V Create HEX File HEX Format HE gt lt 386 Start End Offset Create Library Snew_project LIB l Create Batch File Cancel Defaults Help Fig 6 Screen shot for step 5 Step 6 In this step build the project using project drop down menu Click on Build target Step 7 Upl
14. g analog input from HSM 20G sensor 6 Convert the analog data into humidity and display on LCD Ex C3 Soil Moisture Sensor interfacing with LPC1768 The analog input channel A5 of ADC0 5 is selected for measurement of analog output voltage from soil moisture sensor Software is developed based on the following algorithm 1 Start 2 Initialize Analog channel ADO 5 using PINSEL function and power up ADC using PCONP register 3 Initialize port pin for LCD 4 Display Humidity on first line 4 Start the ADC conversion for reading analog input from HSM 20G sensor 5 Convert the analog data into humidity and display on second line of LCD Figure 17 shows the photograph of the experiment Fig 17 Photograph of Soil moisture sensor interfaced with LPC1768 Ex C4 RFID Sensor Interfacing with LPC1768 In this experiment RFID reader is interfaced with LPC1768 The RFID proximity OEM Reader Module has a built in antenna in minimized form factor It is designed to work with the frequency of 125 kHz 18 19 The software is developed based on the following algorithm 1 Initialize the board 2 Power up UART1 using PCOMP register 3 Configure peripheral clock for UART1 using PCLK SEL1 register 4 Select P0 16 as RXD pins 5 Enable UART1 RXD and receive FIFO 6 Select 8 bit data length no parity l stop bit using UOLCR register 7 Display the read data from RFID tag on the LCD display module Figure 18 shows the ph
15. h for the percolation of embedded systems in to mobile industrial automobile space agricultural and robotic environments In global scenario embedded system courses are introduced in to the existing science and engineering curricula 2 3 Presently in majority of Indian Universities embedded system is included in the curriculum at the under graduate level of Science and Engineering with electronics as major In any of the engineering or science curriculum a balance between theory course and practical practical training is essential particularly while teaching a course on embedded systems in the disciplines Computer Science Electrical Engineering or an Applied Science Electronics course Several papers have appeared in literature stressing on such a need 4 6 Further the area of embedded systems and their interconnection is of paramount importance nowadays This is because such systems are widely used in several fields and the demand for trained personnel in this field is increasing fast However the teaching methods and laboratory training in embedded systems is lagging behind 7 Existing problems in graduate teaching is well explained by Jiang Xiaoluo and Li Han 8 Experiments on embedded system training are continuously monitored and improved basing on the changes taking place in the architecture of microcontrollers Further the industry and R amp D department needs the new technological design but won t rely on old one
16. ill help the student in the first step of learning embedded system with simple interfacing such as LED Seven segment display Stepper Motor Relays and LCD interfacing Ex A 1 LED Blinking The first experiment is LED toggling This experiment is generally named as Hello Program in embedded systems Light Emitting Diode LED is the most commonly used component usually for displaying the digital status of I O pins At this juncture the student is asked to refer to the user manual of LPC1768 13 This is for the reason that certain port pins are declared as open drain To get acquainted with GPIO pins LEDs are connected to port pins P0 4 to P0 7 with current limiting resistors 220Q mounted on a bread board The embedded C program is developed using Keil uVision software The software is developed based on the following algorithm gt Initialize the board gt Set the IODIR register to configure the GPIO pins as output pins gt Manipulate the I O pins using IOSET register and IOCLR register gt Build the target gt Upload the resulting hex file using Philips Flash utility gt Press the RESET button and gt Observe the shifting of LEDs in the form of nibbles connected to PORT pins Fig 8 LPC1768 interfaced with LEDs Ex A 2 Seven Segment Display A seven segment display is the most basic electronic display device that can display the digits from O F hexadecimal numbers The seven segment pins a b c d e f plus the
17. n using USART Ethernet EMAC Timers Watch Dog Timer WDT with the outside world Ex B1 Measurement of Analog Voltage Using On Chip ADC The ADC present on LPC1768 is a 12 bit successive approximation converter with a conversion rate of 200 kHz The on chip ADCO Channel 5 ADCO0 5 is chosen in the present experiment to measure the analog input voltage The software is developed based on the following algorithm gt Initialize the board gt Configure GPIO pin P1 31 as ADO 5 using PINSEL American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 2013 1 2 46 53 51 register and power up ADC using PCONP register gt Select AD0 5 CLKDIV CLKS and PDN functions using ADCRO gt Select ADDRS register to read the digital equivalent of the analog input A linear 10kQ 10 turn Bourns USA potentiometer is connected to ADO 5 as shown in the circuit diagram Fig 13 shows the photograph of the experiment Fig 13 Photograph of the Analog input voltage Ex B2 Pulse Width Modulation PWM The PWM modulator of LPC1768 is capable of producing six channels of single edge controlled PWM or three channels of dual edge controlled PWM The PWM module is used to generate a single channel of symmetrically modulated PWM _ signal Software is developed based on the following algorithm gt Initialize the board gt Configure P0 7 as PWM2 output using PINSEL register and power up PWM using PCONP register gt Load the Prescaler to
18. nd project based sensor interfacing experiments is shown in figure 16 Fig 16 Hardware Schematic of Peripheral interfacing and sensor Interfacing Module C Project Based Embedded Application with Sensor Interfacing Experiments Ex Cl LM35 Interfacing with LPC1768 The LM35 is internal signal conditioned temperature sensor 17 Analog input channel of ADO 5 P1 31 is selected for reading LM35 Components required LM35 LCD RESET components and connecting wires The software is developed based on the following algorithm 1 Start 2 Initialize Analog channel ADO 5 using PINSEL function and power up ADC using PCONP register 3 Initialize port pin for LCD 3 Display Temperature in C on first line 4 Start the ADC conversion for reading analog input from LM35 5 Convert the analog data into temperature and display on second line of LCD Ex C2 HSM 20G Interfacing with MSP430F 149 The HSM 20G module is interfaced with LPC1768 analog input channel of A5 ADC0 5 to measure the relative humidity present in air Components required HSM 20G LCD RESET components and connecting wires The software is developed based on the following algorithm 1 Start 2 Initialize Analog channel ADO 5 using PINSEL function and power up ADC using PCONP register 3 Initialize port pin for LCD 4 Display Humidity on first line 4 Start the ADC conversion for readin
19. oad the Hex File using the Flash Magic In this browse the hex file click on START to upload to flash The screen shot is shown in fig 7 American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 2013 1 2 46 53 49 NON PRODUC ITION USE ONI Y _ ions Tools Help s Flash Magic Step 1 COMMUNIC StIOnNS Lecz as COM Por Se Baud Rate 9600 E amp Interface None ISPI Oscilator AH z 12 Activate Fis h B ar k D ownload free S0S1 and A code examples using I2C CAN Flash etc vavaa F r Fig7 Screen shot for step 7 3 Details of Individual Experiments Before describing the projects in Module C a few experiments are developed and described in modules A and B The first module explains the hardware and software details of the experiments specific to the exploitation of GPIO pins which comes under the category of basic input output interfacing Module B pertains to the hardware and software description of experiments for exploitation of on chip peripherals A project based embedded application with sensor interfacing and their applications are described in Module C In all these modules the student is expected to use theoretical knowledge in assembling the hardware interface circuit and the practical aspect is fulfilled by the successful software development and verifying the result by powering up the circuit Module A Basic I O Interfacing This part w
20. otograph of the experiment Fig 18 Photograph of RFID 125 kHz interfaced with LPC1768 American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 2013 1 2 46 53 53 4 Conclusions This paper presents pedagogical hands on experiments for improving students learning in embedded systems and preparing students to be useful in industry Majority of the components used are inexpensive Our experience with the conduct of a 120 min end of semester practical examination show that with the chronological increase in hardware design the student exhibited the confidence in designing new stand alone systems with fairly complicated hardware and software Acknowledgment K Aruna is thankful to the University Grants Commission UGC New Delhi for sanctioning Junior Research Fellowship F 4 1 2006 BSR 11 23 2008 BSR JRF References 1 Mitsui H Kambe H and Koizumi H Use of Student Experiment for Teaching Embedded Software Development Including HW SW Co Design IEEE Transactions on Education vol 52 pp 436 443 Aug 2009 2 Crespo A Vila J Blanes A and Ripoll I Real time education in a control engineering Curriculum in 3 IEEE Real time systems education workshop 1998 pp 112 116 3 K G Ricks D J Jackson and W A Stapleton Incorporating Embedded programming skills in to an ECE Curriculum SIGBED Rev vol 4 no l pp 17 26 Jan 2010 4 R Bachnak Teaching Microcontrllers wi
21. s since the newer controllers draw less power occupy less space and provide advanced on chip American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 2013 1 2 46 53 47 features and better code optimization Training the student at the entry level of embedded system course gives a double benefit besides the theoretical knowledge It gives a scope to modern teaching practices international project collaboration and cooperative learning processes 9 11 Also microcontroller based embedded system design with different controllers are available in the literature 12 Keeping these facts in view point we have developed more than a dozen of interfacing experiments using NXP Semiconductor low power mixed signal controller LPC1768 ARM Cortex M3 These experiments will cover one third of semester Of course microcontrollers with advanced architecture are also available Our aim is to start humbly with a simple microcontroller and then move to complex architectures The experiments presented in this paper start with LED interfacing and goes up to the projects with interfacing of sensors and can be extended to sensor networking The systematic approach of learn while doing not only increases confidence in the student but lights up the spark of innovation by thinking new ways of using the microcontroller Further because of the use of low cost components for interfacing student can afford to purchase them and hence it will be like a take home
22. t gt lt gt Cancel Hein Fig 3 Screen shot for Step 2 Step 3 To start entering the code select new file from file drop down menu on right side Editor will be displayed where the code can be written After typing C program Save the file and configure the file with extension to be C The command used here is File gt Save as The screen shot is shown in fig 4 new_project mVision3 C Documents and Settings User Desktop KEIL ARM Keil_board led main c mA E Fie Edit view Project Debug Flash Peripherals Tools SVCS Window Help x ach wi Spa ga H wa 2 QB eS am S i 24 SE 28 Target1 amp Project Workspace x T ra 59 Target 1 080 void main i Source Grou 1 ogi H 4 Startup 2 init j J m scs Ox03 4 4 System Control amp Status 4 Ox3 00211 gt GPZOOM 2 GPIOIM 2 44 GPIOOM 0 rae a If i High speed GPIO is enabled oi 4 GPEOiM 2 Ax If i High speed GPIO is enabled o ff Reserved 31 2 FIOODIR Ox00600000 Select PO 22 amp P 0 21 as OUTPUT while 1 r j gt n main c x m 3 3 2 5 Z LOA Build Command A Findin Files f IL gt Simulation Fig 4 Screen shot for step 3 Step 4 In this step add files in to project file using the commands Project gt Components Environment Books then select the desired Add file to add to project
23. th hands on hardware experiments Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges 20 4 207 213 2005 5 M J Callaghan J Harkin C Peters T M Mc Ginnity and L P Maguire A collaborative environment for remote experimentation In Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education MSE 03 2003 6 D Beetner H Pottinger and K Mitchell Laboratories teaching concepts in microcontroller and hardware software 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 co design In proceedings of the 30 Annual Franties in Education Conference Vol 2 Pages SIC 1 SIC 5 Kasas city Missouri USA october 2000 Jean Samuel Chenard Zeljko Zilic Milos prokic A laboratory setup and Teaching Methodology for wireless and Mobile Embedded Systems IEEE transactions on Education vol 51 No 3 August 2008 pp 378 384 Jiang Xiaoluo and Li Han CDIO Based Embedded systems training mode in graduate teaching 2011 5 International conference on distance learning and education vol 12 pp 78 82 D Davcev B Stojkoska S Kalajdziski and K Trivodaliev Project Based learning of embedded systems in Proceedings of the 2nd WSEAS Telecommunications 2008 S Nooshabadi and J Garside Modernization of teaching in Embedded Systems design An international collaborative Project JEEE Transactions on Education vol 49 no 2 pp 254 262 May 2006 J
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