High Performance Transceiver for Sub 1
Contents
1. High Performance Transceiver for Sub 1 Ghz Applications SPIRIT1 ky as 72 SPIRITI 9 J life augmented SPIRIT1 application focus HOME BUILDING AUTOMATION SMART METERING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS ALARM SYSTEMS YI life augmented INDUSTRIAL MONITORING amp CONTROL broduct presentation 31 01 2013 SPIRIT1 Best in class transceiver Operation Lifetime Doubles in Smart Meters and Other Wireless Sensor Node Applications with New Wireless Transceiver from STMicroelectronics ST s SPIRIT1 wireless transceiver cuts power budget by 50 over competing devices Geneva April 26 2012 STMicroelectronics NYSE STM a global semiconductor leader serving customers across the spectrum of electronics applications and a world leader in smart metering and industrial applications today introduced a high performance ultra low power wireless transceiver for Automatic Meter Infrastructure and other wireless sensor node applications such as alarm and security systems home and building automation and industrial monitoring and control ST s SPIRIT1 transceiver combines excellent receiver sensitivity with unbeatable current consumption delivering 50 power reduction over existing solutions in the market Replacing traditional electromechanical meters smart electronic meters bring many advantages for utility providers and consumers alike Features like full remote control power peak and consumpti2. 7 72 4133 77 Application note Using the SPIRIT1 transceiver under ARIB STD T108 in the 920 MHz band By Placido De Vita bw power HF transceiver intended for HF wireless applications in the esigned to operate in both the license free ISM and SAD frequency 868 915 and 920 MHz tines the expected performance when using the SPIRITI under in 2 315 ENS are no prem requirements in this Introduction The SPIRIT1 is a very low power transceive sub 1 GHz band It is designed to operate both bands at 169 315 433 868 and 915 MHz This application note outlines the expected perf 300 220 1 v2 3 1 2012 02 2 in the 863 to 8 bands where the application the maximum rad mitigation requirement duty cycle etc are diffe 27 dBm 500 mW in 869 4 to 869 65 MHz a Table 5 in ETSI EN 300 220 1 v2 3 1 2 This a applications Introduction SPIRITI is a very low power HF transceiver intended for HF wireless sub 1 GHz band It is Pelr to operate both in the license free ISM bands at 169 315 433 868 915 and 920 MHz The Japanese Association of Radio Industries and Businesses AHIB response to several trends such the growing internationalization of Figure 4 Adjacent power measurement 25 KHz narrowband channel spacing 9 6 kbps data rate 2 4 KHz frequency deviation Figure 6 Spectral mask measurement 25 kHz narrowband channel spacing 9 6
3. APT a 1 staal 1 AR ET E E in gt E un 9 OL Lo 24 A PNTLUSLDLYS 5 1 19 318 e so No 1 0 ens 13789 4 1 reset 2 user button 1 joystick n bu res iep COD 38504804 NOILUN WAS 08908030 SMA connector 7 M gt SPIRIT1 module available in 4 bands Ly life augmented Develooment Kit SW package life augmented Description of SW package SDK SPIRIT1_Library project composed of three sub modules see the attached user manual to have more details e Spirit Libraries APIs to manage the features the device offers platform independent e Radio GPIO IRQ Calibration etc e SDK_EVAL Libraries some APIs to manage the motherboard main features e Examples e WMBUS Libraries the library file with the PHYSICAL and LINK layer of the WMBUS STACK e WMBUS Example The example has four configuration to differentiate between these combination 169 or 868 bands and meter or concentrator epiritSDK Virtual Com VirtualCom Libraries for the SDK motherboard e STM32L StdPeriph Lib standard peripheral library for the STM32L microcontroller e STM32 USB FS Device Lib USB library for STM32L microcontroller Ly life augmented Memory FootPrint
4. Excellent RF performances High Sensitivity High Selectivity Antenna Diversity ensuring reliability amp robustness performances Compliant Wireless MBus standard Demo Kit All frequency Band available NOW e Product in Mass Production Technical Details Transmission amp Reception RF Related Features Packet Handler Engine MCU Interface amp Others Development Kit HW SW SDK Suite life augmented Transmission amp Reception RF Related Features life augmented SPIRIT1 Oscillator and RF synthesizer An external XTAL 24 25 26 48 50 52 MHz provide a clock signal to the frequency synthesizer e The digital macro always requires clock in the range 24 26 MHz so the clock must be divided when using 48 52 MHz XTAL e RF synth has fractional sigma delta architecture for fast settling and narrow channel spacing It uses a multi band VCO to cover the whole frequency range The frequency is programmed using SYNTO SYNTS registers of SPIRIT1 easiest way 15 to use SPIRIT1 SW library e Calibration can be automatic 80 us or manual 20 us in the latter case the micro should save restore the calibration words and take into account for temperature VBAT variation which could require recalibration Ly life augmented Receiver Quality Indicators Received signal strength indicator RSSI Measured received signal power RSSI reading is
5. 4 GPIOs that can be registered through the SPI registers to perform various functions including e MCU clock output FIFO status flags e Wake up input Battery level detector e TX RX external switch control e Antenna diversity control Temperature sensor output Interrupts Ly life augmented Main Block Description e Data link layer e Support for channel configuration packet handling and data buffering Support Packet Formats Basic STack and Wireless M BUS The Host MCU can stay in power down until a valid RF packet has been received and then burst read the data greatly reducing the power consumption and computing power required from the host MCU e AES encryption co processor e Provides data security support as it embeds an advanced encryption standard AES 128 core which implements a cryptographic algorithm Analog temperature sensor e The Host MCU can be used to read the chip temperature e g it can be used to force radio recalibration e Battery indicator and low battery detector Ly life augmented Product Status amp Material Product RTM with All Documentation available on http www st com internet imag video product 253167 sp HOME ABOUT ST CONTACTS PRESS LOGIN SPIRIT1 Low data rate low power Sub 1GHz transceiver ax gt Quick view Design support Orderable products Description ONLINE SUPPORT 57 SPIRITI STMicroelectronics I f LZ den 7 Page
6. Safety Tools The SPIRIT1 is a very low power RF both in the license free ISM and SR other additional frequencies in the 3 DATASHEET 500 kbps and the SPIRIT1 can beu uses a very small number of discret Description Version Size management modulation and dem B 058870 Low data rate low power sub 1GHZ transceiver 2 823KB format also allows the M Bus standa However the SPIRIT1 can perform SPIRIT1 provides an optional autom system costs by handling all the hig APPLICATION NOTES Description Version Size Moreover the SPIRIT1 supports an 4126 Using the SPIRIT1 transceiver under FCC title 47 part 15 in the 902 928 MHz band 1 4612KB different modulation schemes 2 FSI 15 11 140219 level FIFOs TX FIFO and RX FIFO 4110 Using the SPIRIT1 transceiver under EN 300 220 at 868 MHz 1 1028KB ee nM MEME 11121 1 ERRATA SHEETS Description Version Size 50198 SPIRIT1 device limitations 2 49KB Application Notes Schematics BOM Gerber Files SW Development Kit SDK for STM32L includes WM Bus library Set of examples Ly life augmented Application Notes 7673 4147 77 Application note Using the SPIRIT1 transceiver under FCC title 47 part 15 in the 315 MHz band By Placido De Vita 7 note at ooc Using the SPIRIT1 transceiver unde
7. T o 20 28 Maximum usage using all the driver features Typical application will use much lower flash e g 4K Preliminary data Frases 9 1 2148 Maximum usage of the Wireless M Bus library Both data are reffered from libraries in SPIRIT1 Dev Kit version 1 0 4 compiled with with high optimization on the code size life augmented SPIRIT1 SDK Suite GUI RF performance evaluation e SPIRIT1 contains GUI allowing to perform e Radio configuration RF tests TX of unmodulated carrier TX PN9 sequence RX activation e Packet transmission reception test with PER evaluation AES engine encryption decryption tests Register read write and dump e Store load radio and packet configuration Automatic Firmware Upgrade life augmented The firmware package of the Spirit Develooment Kit provides in addition to the SPIRIT1 Library SDK Eval a set of API functions to manage the motherboard of the SDK STM32L microcontroller including USB library and DFU project files for firmware upgrade STM32L library the standard peripheral library for the STM32L microcontroller gt SPIRIT1 Examples BasicGeneric LDCGeneric StackGeneric etc Developed under EWARM IAR v 6 30 IDE ST Link J Link required for debugging SDK EVAL motherboard Platform STM32L STM32L Library SPIRIT Development Kit Hardware STM32L
8. SPI on XTAL on RF Synth on 6us Built in main controller handles operating mode transitions Iiis cudim nted Transition times using 26MHz Xtal MCU interface SPIRIT 1 SPI communication e Write registers or FIFOs e Read registers or FIFOs CLK 17 Commands State diagram AES FIFO flush GPIO communication e Interrupt signals e Monitoring signals Valid preamble detected valid sync word detected e Commands TX RX mode Wake up from external input e nput output data direct mode input output reference clock MCU clock out 34 7 kHz for LDC mode input e Analog output temperature sensor GPIO 0 SDN pin e Shutdown signal Ly life augmented Monitoring signals SPIRIT1 GPIO communication e Monitoring signals MISO gg GPIO 0 pr 55 CLK GPIO 3 CSN SHUTDOWN Status oriented Status oriented Device in READY state Low battery level Device in SLEEP or Power On Reset STANDBY states Antenna switch used for TX state indication antenna diversity Packet oriented FIFOs oriented Valid preamble detected TX FIFO almost full sync word detected TX FIFO almost empty RSSI above threshold RX FIFO almost full RX FIFO almost empty RX state indication TX or RX mode VDD GND to emulate an additional GPIO of Device in LOCK state the MCU Wake Up timeout in LDC mode life augmented Interrupts GPIO com
9. SPIRIT Ly life augmented SPIRIT1 Programming Training 03 14 2012 ST WM BUS library support Wireless M Bus firmware stack is based on prEN 13757 4 2011 Supported modes are 5 R N except N2g which requires 4 GFSK modulation e PHY and LINK layer implementation provided as binary library for ARM Cortex M3 STM32L Example application layer provided in source code for user customization ST Wireless M BUS Stack features gt EN13757 4 2005 81 S1m T1 T2 R2 e Radio band 868 MHz vvireless gt EN13757 4 2011 mode Radio band 169 Mhz GUI over USB Interface T RERO Device type Meter Concentrator Sniffer Km Meter N USB HID Database MS SQL Server Compact WM BUS CONCENTRATOR BOARD ieee life augmented ol RF IPD FOR SPIRIT1 IPD Integration of Filter Be 868 amp 915 MHz J life augmented n IPD Integrated Passive Devices IPD INTEGRATION FOR SPIRIT 1 ex 15 external components in 1 die Benefits integration benefits e Up to 69 IN PCB SPACE SAVING compared to equivalent discrete solution size for 868 915MHz design IPD designed with direct tracks routing from the RF chip Spirit No HF validation at end customer ST selling a turnkey RF solution hence allowing FASTER TIME TO MARKET for the end customer No
10. available after the reception of a packet in a register Carrier Sense CS based on RSSI threshold static dynamic mode Link quality indicator LOI level of noise power on the demodulated signal e Preamble quality indicator PQI the reliability of the preamble detections Preamble valid IRQ can be used e Packet demodulation can be stopped when PQI is below threshold e Synchronization quality indicator SQI measurement of the best correlation between the received synchronization word and the expected one TET e Sync word detected IRQ YF Packet demodulation can be stopped when SQI is below threshold life augmente Transmission amp Reception Packet handler Engine life augmented Packet Handler Engine Embedded packet format STack e WM Bus BASIC life augmented SPIRIT1 Direct mode The purpose of the direct modes are to by pass completely the packet handler engine and to give the user more flexibility The direct modes are available both for RX and IX Direct mode through FIFO SPI In the direct mode through FIFO the data are continuously read from the TX FIFO and transmitted without any processing of the packet handler for the transmitter and the data are continuously received in the RX FIFO without any processing Direct mode through GPIO In the direct mode through GPIO the data are sampled by the device on the rising edge of the
11. 22mA RX Current consumption cut gt 30 RX CURRENT SENSITIVITY Sensitivity performances are not sacrificed SPIRIT1 COMP A TX current TX Current consumption cut gt 28 max o p power C71 SPIRIT1 COMP A COMP B COMP C life augmented SPIRIT1 Product presentation 31 01 2013 SPIRIT1 Key Features Integrated packet handler e Support for automatic acknowledgment retransmission low duty cycle protocol and timeout protocol Automatic clear channel assessment CCA engine Channel access mechanism based on the rule Listen before talk systems Embedded CSMA CA protocol Fully integrated ultra low power RC oscillator AES 128 bit encryption co processor for secure data transfer SPIRIT1 Key Features mm Frequency Hopping under MCU control Calibration can be made each time the MCU decide to change frequency or MCU can save and restore calibration data to make the frequency hopping faster Separate 96 byte RX TX FIFOs accessible via the SPI interface for host processing Supports automatic antenna selection through an integrated antenna diversity switching mechanism Programmable RX digital filter from 6 kHz to 800 kHz SPIRIT1 Block Diagram GPIO 0 GPIO 1 GPIO 2 GPIO 3 RXp RXn CSn SCLK SDI SDO TX GND PA VR DIG 1 00109001 5 o J 2 5 E C SDN BOR raw SdI
12. HF performance drift thanks to monolithic glass substrate integration oMD dispersion causes drift in RF performances No temperature drift thanks to glass substrate depending on PCB design e HIGHER RELIABILITY thanks to high reduction in solder joints life augmented gt 1 life augmented Thank you
13. NS SdINS SdINS NIX 1 GGA life augmented Main Block Description Receiver Architecture based LOW IF conversion e The received RF signal is amplified by a two stage low noise amplifier LNA and down converted in quadrature and Q to the intermediate frequency IF At IF the 1 signals digitized by high dynamic range ADCs e The Demodulator data is then provided to an external MCU either through the 96 byte RX FIFO readable via SPI or via a GPIO pin Transmitter e Architecture is based on direct synthesis of the RF frequency he data to be transmitted are provided by an external MCU either through the 96 byte TX FIFO writable via SPI or directly using a programmable GPIO pin e Power Management e Integrates a high efficiency step down converter SMPS cascaded with LDOs to supply both analog and digital parts Operates from a battery voltage ranging from 1 8 V to 3 6V with high power efficiency Ly life augmented Main Block Description e Clock Signal External crystal An external 24 25 26 48 50 or 52 MHz Crystal between XIN and XOUT or an external clock signal can be used An integrated low power RC oscillator generating the 34 7 kHz signal is used as a clock for the slowest timeouts i e low duty cycle protocol or CSMA CA protocol Digital Interface A4 wire SPI serial interface is used to communicate with the external MCU
14. be programmed up to 2 sec RC Oscillator life augmented SPIRIT1 Quality Indicator use e he expiration of the RX timer reduces the power consumption However to avoid reception to be interrupted during a valid packet some quality indicators can be configured together with their thresholds Carrier sense level e Sync quality indicator e Preamble quality indicator These parameters also in AND OR combination can be used to recognize a valid packet to stop the RX timeout TX active slot 7771 RX active siot RX period V RX timeout stopped by SYNC detected amp CS above threshold Ly life augmented SPIRIT1 CSMA CA Engine The CSMA CA engine is a channel access mechanism based on the rule listen before talk This avoids the simultaneous use of the channel by different transmitters lt a gt no Persistent mode NB reached BO rand 0 2N5 BU NB Waits BO elapsed CCA Waits T expiration CCA max reached yes Clear Channel Assessment CCA Ly life augmented State Machine MCU Control Interface amp Others life augmented Operating Modes Consumption co NN Shutdown Off no register retention Standby SPI On register retention us Sleep SPI on register retention Wakeup timer on SLEEP 950nA 230us Heady SPI on XTAL on RX SPI on XTAL on RF Synth on TX
15. clock signal and send on air without any processing of the packet handler for the transmitter and the data are continuously written to one GPIO together with the clock in another GPIO e PN9 mode for TX A pseudo random binary sequence is generated internally for test purpose only Ly life augmented SPIRIT1 Automatic Packet Filtering Embedded automatic packet filtering CRC Packet discarded if CRC check do not pass Destination address My own address Broadcast Multicast Source address reference one in AND bitwise with the source mask Control field reference one in AND bitwise with the control mask The automatic packet filtering engine works only in STack and BASIC packet format More than one automatic filtering feature can be enabled at the same time SPIRIT1 Link Layer Protocol Available only through the STack packet format with following features e Automatic acknowledgment The receiver sends an ACK packet if a packet is received with success and bit NO ACK 0 The transmitter goes in RX state to wait the ACK packet If the transmitter does not receive any ACK packet when it should the packet transmitted before is considered lost e Automatic acknowledgment with piggybacking The receiver can fill the ACK packet with data as payload field of the packet The data to send is stored in the TX FIFO up to 96 bytes without any additional interaction from the MCU Automatic r
16. etransmission f the transmitter does not receive the ACK packet within the RX timeout programmed it can be configured to do another transmission Up to 15 retransmissions Ly life augmented SPIRIT1 Data coding and integrity check Error correction and detection methods e FEC Viterbi and interleaving e Convolutional coding in transmitter and on the receiver side error correction is performed using soft Viterbi decoding Technique used for controlling errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels The number of transmitted bits is roughly doubled hence the on air packet duration in time is roughly doubled as well Automatic data padding for FEC supported 1dB link budget increase whitening dewhitening To prevent short repeating sequences that create spectral lines which may complicate symbol tracking at the receiver or interferer with other transmissions e CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check e CRC polynomials can be selected 4 options Programmable to 8 16 or 24 bits CRC and whitening is applied over all fields excl preamble and synchronization word Ly life augmented RX timeout mechanisms In order to reduce power consumption a few automatic RX timeout modes are supported Infinite timeout RX stops when the packet ends or when the SABORT SPI command comes from the microcontroller Carrier sense timeout RX is aborted if the RSSI never exceed
17. kbps data rate 2 4 kHz frequency deviation band please refer to the ARIB STD T Ouput power d Bm www arib or jp english index html A N 281 Hg nm Ld life augmented Presentation Title 1 01 2013 Development Kits SPIRIT1 SDK Application v1 0 SPIRIT1 Development Kits e STEVAL IKROO1V1 169 MHz TEVAL IKRO01V2 315 MHz 001 3 433 MHz S TEVAL IKRO01V4 868MHz TEVAL IKRO01V5 915 MHz 001 6 920 MHz Ly a Packet setting settings Transmission test Device role Stack feature P ggy Dax Total packets Packet rate ms MAX Ret 1 e Development kit content e 2 X SIM32L based motherboard 2 X SPIRIT1 RF modules 2 x Antennas 2 X USB cables Software development kit SDK has to be downloaded from http www st com e Includes ST Wireless MBUS stack Examples Documentation e Kit boards are preprogrammed with a firmware for GUI evaluation DFU for firmware upgrade over USB Ly life augmented Presentation Title 31 01 2013 SPIRIT1 Summary e Multi Band Transceiver Targeting the Following Applications Wireless Metering and Wireless Smart Grid Home amp Building Automation e Industrial Monitoring and Control Wireless Fire and Security Alarms Best Class Solution in Power Saving Cuts power budget by 30 over competing devices
18. munication SPIRITI e interrupt signals FIFOs oriented Protocol oriented Status oriented TX FIFO underflow overflow error RX FIFO underflow overflow error Packet oriented RX data ready RX data discarded TX data sent Max re TX reached READY state in steady condition Max number of back off during CCA STANDBY state switching in progress Wake up timeout in LDC mode Low battery level AES End Of Power On Reset Operation RX operation timeout life augmented SPIRIT1 AES 128 Engine The SPIRIT1 provides data security support as it embeds the Advanced Encryption Standard AES 128 bit core The AES 128 engine can be used at anytime The SPIRIT1 provides 3 banks of 128 bits registers Input register AES DATA IN Output register AES DATA OUT Key register AES KEY SPI COMMAND AES DATA OUT Four operations are available Encryption using a given encryption key e Decryption key derivation starting from an encryption key Data decryption using a decryption key e Data decryption using a encryption key Ly life augmented Development Kit HW life augmented SPIRIT1 Development kit description JTAG interface External power 5 user leds supply optional FAT TTEA 241 gt 44 9 Power supply switch 04 n 2 4 STM32L based p a motherboard
19. on analysis anti tampering mechanisms fault alert and time variable tariffs help make both the supply and usage of electricity gas or water more efficient and economical ENTERING THE MARKET WITH BEST IN CLASS SOLUTION Cuts budget Design focused on Power Savings e HX 9 mA up to 90 over TX 21 mA 11 dBm l Shutdown 2 5 competing devices Ly life augmented Excellent Sensitivity 120 dBm Presentation Title 31 01 2013 SPIRIT1 Description Frequency bands 169 315 433 868 915 920 MHz Configurable data rate from 1 to 500 kbps SPI interface Supply voltage 1 8 V to 3 6V QFN20 4x4 thickness 0 9mm e Modulation schemes 2 FSK GFSK GMSK OOK and ASK Available NOW Suitable for Systems targeting compliance e Wireless MBUS standard ANt8us ETSI EN 300 220 FCC CFR4 Part 15 ARIB STD 67 222210 Ly 1 fe augmented SPIRIT1 Key Features Output Power 36 dBm to 11 dBm in 0 5 dB steps Excellent receiver sensitivity 120 dBm 1 2 kbps 169MHz Adjacent channel selectivity 55 dB at 12 5 kHz channel spacing 1 PER 20 bytes packet length e Integrated SMPS allows very low power consumption RX 9mA SPI on XTAL on Synth on TX 21 mA SPI on XTAL on Synth on Standby Mode 650 nA SPI on register retention Sleep 950 nA SPI on register retention RC oscillator SPIRIT1 Operation lifetime increases mm
20. s programmed threshold within preset timeout TIMER SQI timeout RX is aborted if the synchronization quality indicator SQI does not exceed a programmed threshold within preset timeout PQI timeout RX is aborted if the preamble quality indicator PQI does not exceed the programmed threshold within preset timeout The value of the Time out can be programmed up to 3 seconds Ly life augmented SPIRIT1 Low Duty Cycle mode The low duty cycle LDC mode allows operations with very low power consumption while still Keeping an efficient communication link WAKE_UP timer is used in LDC mode It periodically wakes up the SPIRIT1 to perform a transmission or a reception When LDC ts enabled the device runs on the 34 7 KHz RC oscillator keeping unused blocks off To maintain the correct synchronization between the receiver and a transmitter the value of the wake up timer can be automatically reloaded at the time the SYNC is detected MM M M M SOCCOOE3A l Wake up period hia Wake up period TX active slot 77771 LA RX active slot 11 SPIRIT1 Low Duty Cycle mode LDC mode with wake up timer reload on SYNC allows a better synchronization with the transmitter RX Idle time Settling time of the analog RF circuits RX Idle SYNC detected time Wake up reload period Wake up period RX active siot The value of the Wake up period can
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