UI-Kennlinienmeßgerät für Solarmodule und
Contents
1. 44 11 REASONS FOR DECREASED POWER AND YIELD OF PV 45 12 SAMPLE 47 IERE KONNT a CE 51 13 1 AZIMUTH SS AND ELEVATION A 51 3 2 SLOPE OF THE ROOF i e EN Nap Kernen esse 13 4 DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTIC 13 5 DIRECT RADIATION DIFFUSE RADIATION nnne 13 6 GENERATOR 2 3 e the eoe Fe eio eet ra ene t e eed 13 7 GLOBAL TOTAL RADIATION eee 13 8 SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT AND SOLAR CELLS 13 9 MISMATEHING conven He ESPERE RUF ER e IAE TE ER EA SUPRA T3 TO3MPPL era euere eisen T3 IT TRACKING eren de need 13 12 Peak Power 13 13 PERFORMANCE RATIO RER TER ok aca gies a nen POE era 13 14 PHOX SENSOR 5 ce et ee Ree ee E akc house 13 15 INTERNAL SERIES RESISTANCE TA e 58 14 1 DISPLAY LAMPS IN THE PANEL ccccccsesssscceesssseecceessceccecsssceeceessseeceeesaseeeeessseecees 58 14 2 SPEAKER 58 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 5 Software End User License Agreement 1 Software End User License Agreement LICENSE GRANT The accompanying software and associated documentation Software are proprietary products owned by PV Engineering GmbH and protected under international copyright law You may not remove any product identification2. Gemessene Kennlinie PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 51 Glossary 13 Glossary 13 1 Azimuth and elevation o For the effective use of solar radiation the modules and collectors are arranged in a way that makes a preferably large solar crop possible In this connection the wave angle of the sun but also the azimuth and the elevation of the modules and collectors play a certain part The azimuth angle specifys with how many degrees the surface of the modules or the collectors diverge from the exact adjustment to the south The elevation pertains the deviation from the horizontal Studies substantiate that solar plants with an azimuth of 0 and an elevation of about 30 are aligned in the best possible way Nevertheless small deviations are not implicitly problematic with the orientation to south east or south west still around 95 of the possible crop can be realised Larger plants are to enhance the profit reorientated towards the sun by electric motors see as well tracking For measurements with the PVPM the accurate arrangement of the insolation sensor with the modules is very important The sensor has to see the same sky as the modules At the same time it is to be taken in account that by reflections from the environment by house walls or other light surfaces the incidence of light on the modules and the sensor can be intensely influenced 13 2 Slope of the roof When pla
3. identified by the date and time of the Selectwith cursor keys S measurement Locate a dataset with 000 001 17 07 00 11 54 38 the arrow keys select the dataset with 001 001 17 07 00 11 58 23 4 002 001 18 07 00 10 15 17 Enter if more than one page datasets can be displayed you can select other pages with the keys Left and Right Now a menu with Display Delete and Abort appears Display will again show the results of this measurement on the Sensor monocristallin PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 19 Menus display Delete will delete the dataset Select with cursor keys from internal storage caution you can 000 001 17 07 00 11 54 38 001 001 17 07 00 11 58 23 002 001 18 07 00 10 15 17 not undo this Abort brings you back to the main menu Display Delete Abort 4 10 3 Menu Transfer This function allows the control of the D Data transfer PVPM1000C through a connected Quit transfer with ESC external PC see also chapter 8 Finish this function by pressing the Suse cu ESC key Sensor monocristallin 4 10 4 Menu Service Brings you to the following sub menu 4 10 4 1 Menu Select sensor You can select one of the sensors that are defined in the sensor database see chapter 8 4 4 4 10 4 2 Menu Show version Shows the firmware version number 4 10 4 3 Men
4. esses 35 6 4 6 Continous measurement 6 4 7 Sellihgsi e cos e eC DURER 8 4 7 1 Select Serial Port 8 4 7 2 Working 8 4 7 3 Dialog language u enne nennen 8 4 7 4 Temperature correction entente 8 4 8 Firmware Update eene 8 5 GRAPHICS uhren 8 5 1 1 display on off button Show 8 5 1 2 Theo curve on off button Eff curve 8 5 1 3 Show STC curve on off button STC 38 8 5 1 4 Show power on off button 4 2 2 38 8 5 1 5 Zoom on off button Zoom 38 8 5 1 6 Legend on off button Legend 38 8 5 1 7 Copy to clipboard button Clipb a 39 8 6 Resutts Lists 39 8 7 HELP NOT YET IMPLEMENTED n nasus 40 BES Contents un u DR OU ea es ae E bei 40 G Z ear CI atta enda hl mat xor dad 40 8 7 3 Use help is icai o 40 INTO RS t mann REN RR Ier ee 40 9 HARDWARE INFORMATIONN 41 9 1 MEASURING UNIT 4l PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 4 9 7 OPERATION CONDITIONS 10 LIST OF
5. o for endless Startmessurement Set the desired time interval and the time unit seconds minutes hours for the execution of the measurement and the number of repetitions 0 if measurements shell be repeated infinite After pushing the button Start measurement the measurement runs automatically and can be cancelled by the Stop button The measured data will automatically stored to files in the predefined directory see below The file names contain the date and time of the measurement PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 36 Options The automatic measurement will stop when the given number of repetitions are finished or when the PVPM does not answer 8 4 7 Settings All changes made here Com port for PPM b will saved automatically and are valid until the next C h an g Working directory samples Dialogue language Engish 8 4 7 1 Select Serial Port You can select the serial port COMn used for PVPM communications from the combo box Temperatur Verschiebung K 0 0 8 4 7 2 Working directory The working directory is used in file open and file save dialogs and for the automatically saving of files Select here the directory which contains your measured data or which the measured data should be saved to The entry field has a button at its right side Press this button to display a directory selection
6. as it is being produced by solar cells and modules and stored by the battery If many solar cells are connected in series to a module the voltages mount up 13 4 Degradation characteristic The degree of efficiency of amorphous solar cells declines at the beginning of the phase of irradiation rapidly and first stabilises after 3 weeks to 5 month Next to this irreversible degradation another reversible degradation is taking place That means amorphous solar cells have a better degree of efficiency in spring summer time compared to autumn winter PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 53 Direct radiation diffuse radiation 13 5 Direct radiation diffuse radiation Direct radiation casting shadows meets a surface without scattering through components of the earth atmosphere Through scattering fog haze clouds diffuse indirect radiation develops 13 6 Generator Lat producer Generators dissipate other forms of energy into current In solar techniques only the entirety of the interconnected photovoltaic modules is characterised as generator or as solar power plant 13 7 Global total radiation Denotes the irradiation on the earth by the sun that hits a horizontal surface It is composed of the direct irradiation and the reflected irradiation e g by snowfields 13 8 Short circuit current and solar cells Current that circulates if the positive and the negative pole of the cell get connected that means when th
7. to severe injury and even entail a peril to life This device may never be utilised close to inflammable gases Keep children and infants away from the measuring equipment The measuring device may not be used in locations with intense dust exposure or high humidity No fluids may reach the interior of the measuring device At appearance of unusual sounds the development of smell or smoke the device has got to be switched of immediately the circuit breaker and the current source have got to be disconnected If the conducting wires of the measuring device are damaged they have to be replaced Mending the wires is not admissible The current measurement input may only be attached to a limited source of direct current Photovoltaic Generator with at most 20 40 with PVPM2540C The junction of other sources can lead to demolition of the device For security reasons only qualified personal must establish the cable connection between the PV generator and the PVPM security switch The measurement should be carried out or PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 10 Safety Requirements accompanied by qualified personal Additional qualifications and laws e g VDE 0100 have to be observed otherwise high currents and voltages involve danger of life The PVPM1000C and all devices being part of it may be opened and repaired by authorized qualified personal only Before opening a case every cable connection must be d
8. 2000 23 16 10 501 amp 4 1 2000 23 2 6 amp 3 12000 4 14 8 501 41 2000 23 2 18 50 amp 4 1 2000 23 25 4 loaded data 4131 2000 4 15 12 5U 41 2000 23 2 28 5U amp 4 1 2000 23 26 2 will overwrite the data in E memory If you Dateiname will use the Dateityp P VPM files Abbruch existing data 2 later have to save it to disk file before loading other data The files have the default extension SUI 8 2 2 Save as Here you can current data to sheni amp Reterenanoau acs 3 27 0522 E er a disk file 12 3 1 2000 4 13 52 501 amp 3 1 2000 4 15 36 501 amp 4 1 2000 23 2 38 Entries made in field Remarks will be save also The program supports long file names The default file 2 3 1 2000 4 14 18 5UI 12 3 1 2000 4 14 34 SUI 3 1 2000 4 14 42 501 6 3 1 2000 4 14 8 50 31 2000 4 15 12 5UI Dateiname Dateityp extension is SUI 3 1 2000 4 13 52 SU v Abbruch amp 4 1 2000 23 1 36 SU amp 4 1 2000 23 2 46 4 1 2000 23 15 42 SUI 4 1 2000 23 2 54 amp 41 2000 23 16 10 SUI amp 4 1 2000 23 2 6 4 1 2000 23 2 18 5UI amp 4 1 2000 23 25 4 fe 41 2000 23 2 28 5UI 4 1 2000 23 26 2 2 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 30 File 8 2 3 Browse The browse window shows the thumbnail images of the measured curves in the selected directory This gives you a
9. 83C46003 DF function Now you can select data ise 150 mussen sets from the list even more than one and either transfer it to the PC for further processing Button Get data or just delete it from the oea 00 oem PVPM1000C Button Delete data 9 emen 03 17 73 00 89CASITE DF 28 2003 13 32 18 93C46003 DF 2 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 34 Options Caution Carrying out this function can not be cancelled When you select data transfer the data sets will be transferred one after the other and the files are stored to disk automatically using a file name that contains the date and time of the measurement 8 4 3 Synchronize PVPM to PC date time With this function the internal real time clock of the PVPM1000C is set to the PCs date time 8 4 4 Modify PVPM sensor database You can connect different irradiance sensors to the PVPM Every sensor has its own calibration value so PVPM needs to know this value for correct operation To make this simple during measurement you can define a table with up to ten different sensors its names and calibration values which will be stored in the PVPMs permant am memory So later on you just have to select the appropriate sensor The name you give the sensor is more or less free It will be displayed later on ink Sensor database xi nyse Modify colbesion on PVPMs display
10. EC Declarations of Conformity EG Konformitatserklarung im Sinne der EG Richtlinien EC Declaration of Conformity as defined by the EC Directives e EMV EMC 89 336 EWG ge ndert durch changed by 93 31 EWG e Niederspannung Low Voltage 73 23 EWG Der Hersteller The manufacturer PV Engineering GmbH Reinickendorfer Str 2 58642 Iserlohn Deutschland Germany erkl rt hiermit dass folgende Produkte certifies that the products Produkt I U Kennlinienmessger t Product I V Curve tracer Typ PVPM1000C40 Type Seriennummer PVPM1040C03004 Serial No Baujahr 2004 Year of manufact den Bestimmungen der den oben bezeichneten Richtlinien entspricht are in conformity with the directive s mentioned above Folgende harmonisierte Normen wurden angewandt The following standards are in use DIN EN 55022 DIN EN 61000 6 1 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 2 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 3 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 4 2002 08 E Law 2 Y d Iserlohn 15 10 2004 Dipl Ing Klaus M Schulte Ort Datum Gesch ftsf hrer Managing Director PV Engineering GmbH
11. and informs you Sardis eure u about the actually selected sensor VI You can select the sensor at the PVPM via the menu Service and Select sensor If you want to use this function the PVPM must be connected and ready for data transfer When you start this function the database is loaded from PVPM and will be stored back to PVPM when you close this form To enter a new value just select a free line and enter the values in the edit fields below the table PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 35 Options After finishing all entries press OK Now you will be asked whether the data should be transferred to PVPM Normally you should select Yes here 8 4 5 Calculate internal series resistor Basing on the values of short circuit current open circuit voltage and the and v value of the MPP the PVPM can calculate the effective solar cell curve and with this the expected internal series resistor Rs This theoretical value can be compared to the actually measured value and give a hint whether there are problems for example in the cabling 8 4 6 Continous measurement This function allows the automatically time measurement driven from PC Continous measurement x After the start the measurement the PYPM2540C will be carryied out regularly the number of times set The data is saved to PC disk automatically Repeat measurement every 10 74 Seconds 10 Number of repetitions
12. bare eye power too low Corrosion at plugs and cables Serial internal resistance Rs too high Delamination of cell see shading diffuse embedding Bubbling in resin see shading diffuse Transparent covering material Optical check peak power too glass plastics resin low s a shading diffuse becomes blind Discolouring of the Optical check peak power too transparent cover material low s a shading diffuse plastics resin Intrusion of water into the Optical check laminate leads to other problems corrosion discolouring Faults in the crystalline see shading diffuse structure of single cells hot spot effect Pollution of the module by Optical check see shading dust diffuse Moss algae on module see cast shadow birds excrements Broken cover glass leads to Optical check PV Engineering GmbH chimney birds excrements remove barrier Barrier in some distance to module high portion of diffuse light remove barrier Material planning or mounting fault Clean replacement Material production fault Replacement Material defect replacement by Supplier Material defect replacement by Supplier Material defect replacement by Supplier Material or production fault replacement by supplier Production fault reduction of price replacement by supplier High dust impact Check modules periodically cleaning Normal for several regions cleaning Hailstorm mounting or PVPM
13. cell and the PV module were exposed to the sunlight for same period of time at least 5 minutes The alignment of the module re the sun is not relevant Very important is a sufficient irradiance to the module and precise alignment of the reference cell towards the module Often the easiest way is to clip the combined sensor directly to the side or top of the measured module However the sensor may also be installed in some distance to the module if you can grant the correct alignment Pay attention to the cooling openings of the reference sensor these must not be closed or covered This would cause an error in the temperature measurement of the reference cell and affect the quality peak power measurement Caution even a few degrees deviation in the temperature of the reference cell towards the module temperature can cause a significant error in peak power measurement Before a you make a measurement be sure that the reference sensor and the module were exposed to the same ambient conditions for a sufficient period of time PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 24 Parameters affecting the Accuracy ofthe Measurement You can enhance the precision of the PVPM results by measuring the same object several times e g 10 and after that do a statistical evaluation on these results Given below are once more the parameters that are decisive for the accuracy of the measurements Accuracy of the peak power calculatio
14. copyright notices or other notices or proprietary restrictions from the Software Use ofthe Software is defined to be use and distribution consistent with the following conditions You or any person under your authority or control may Li Make copies of Software for backup purposes provided said copies contains all of the original Software s proprietary notices Use the Software only on computers owned leased or otherwise controlled by you nd only on one computer at a time Use the Software on a network provided that a licensed copy of the Software has been acquired for each person permitted to access the Software through the network Distribute or redistribute data files generated by the Software You or any person under your authority or ontrol may not Copy or use the Software except as uthorized under this License Grant Use on two or more computers at a time ithout separate authorization and the ayment of additional license fees Distribute or redistribute any part of the oftware or Files except as described above Permit other individuals to distribute or redistribute any part of the Software or Files Modify translate reverse engineer decompile disassemble or create derivative works based on the Software or Files 0 Copy the Software or Files rent lease grant a security interest in or otherwise transfer rights to the Software or Files or remove any proprietary notices or labels on the Soft
15. dialog 8 4 7 3 Dialog language PVPM disp supports the dialog languages English and German The language can be changed during program execution Just select your desired language from the combobox dialog language After you close the dialog box the labels of PVPM disp will be displayed in the selected language PVPM disp will remember language setting at the next start Please note that the standard and system dialogs will always be displayed in the language of the current windows version PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 37 Options 8 4 7 4 Temperature correction Sometimes it may be useful to add a correction factor to the measured temperature values In this case you can enter the factor here The factor will be added to the measured temperatures enter a negative value if you want to decrease the temperature If the factor is not zero the displayed temperatures will be displayed like xx x C korr to remember you that this value is not the measured one 8 4 8 Firmware Update This function is for service purposes only and not documented here 8 5 Graphics After loading the data iat PPM disp Dire tp a measurement you can display the graph by selecting the tab uz Gnghc Zoom rene Portir Graphics if not already displayed In the graphical display you can draw up a rectangle with the mouse cursor from top left to botto
16. leading parts of the cables between solar generator and measuring device These cables may lead high tension what may affect your health even without direct contact PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 15 Connecting the Combination Sensor 4 6 Connecting the Combination Sensor For a measurement you must connect a Pt1000 temperature sensor and a Phox sensor delivered as a combined device to the relevant plugs of the PVPM1000C For the measurement of serial resistance Rs or I V curve only these sensors are obsolete The plugs are build in a way you cannot connect a sensor to a wrong plug The combined Phox Pt1000 sensor should be mounted near the modules to be measured It must have exactly the same orientation elevation and azimuth re the sun as the modules have Most time the easiest way is direct assembly to the module frame Please take care that the sensor will produce no shadow on to the module The sensor needs several minutes to adapt to the environment conditions the reference cell firstly must reach the temperature of the module before you can make a measurement with the PVPM1000C see chap 4 9 4 7 Turning On Turn the power of PVPM1000C on by pressing the switch Power on the front panel The control lamp On will show you the presence of power from the accumulator or grid connection The PVPM1000C will no pass some self tests and will need about 15 seconds of operation for readiness The device i
17. quick overview over the existing measurements and you can detect a special curve ri If you go with the mouse cursor above a one graphic a small hint window will display ee the significant values WAR Doubleclicking the graph will open the file for evaluation E Ba 8 2 4 Export The current data can be exported Fr disk files with different file formats T j which can be read by other programs e g spread sheet programs You can use the format DBF dBase 1 and three different ASCII formats For the selection of the right format please consult the manual of the destination program Please select the desired export file x e o format from the combo box Now enter a valid file name for the export file or select a existing one with the button Search then press OK The export file will be written now and then you can open it with an other program PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 31 File 8 2 5 Print This button is context sensitive that means that a graph will be printed when the graphic is currently displayed and a data list will be printed when the results are displayed on screen ECU ra SHS x Please pay attention to the fact that in some cases the page orientation of the printer has to be changed before printing out The print uses the whole available printing area The buttons on top o
18. reverse the two red connectors without harm the two black ones also Now connect the cables mounted at the switch to the PVPM red to red black to black Before you can make a measurement you have to turn the knob at the Switch to one of the 1 positions Security hints CAUTION Do never forget to switch to 0 before handling the connectors at the PVPM If you detect a defect at the switch the housing or the connection cables the switch may under no condition be used any longer Only specially instructed professionals must do repairs Keep the switch and cables away from liquids dust and dirt Clean the surface with a wet cloth only PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 23 Parameters affecting the Accuracy ofthe Measurement 6 Parameters affecting the Accuracy of the Measurement Be sure that there is no shadow even not the smallest shadow affecting the module to be measured Even the shadow of grass may cause an error This is also true for the reference sensor The higher the irradiance to the module the more exact will be the result The irradiance measured by the combined sensor should be higher than 500 W m2 if possible The combined Phox Pt1000 sensor measures the cell temperature at the back of the reference cell The PVPM expects this temperature to be nearly the same as that of the measured module This will be true with sufficient precision if the reference
19. sufficient for calculation of Rs Redo the measurement PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Values not evaluablely Voltage too high Service required Wrong polarity Page 21 Messages Data is not sufficient for calculation Redo the measurement Immediately switch off the generator with the external security switch The device could be damaged by the high voltage The device is damaged internally and requires test and repair through authorised personell The measuring cables are mounted in the wrong way Switch off the generator with the external security switch immediately The device will short circuit the generator if the polarity is wrong and can take harm If you disconnect the cables under voltage a light arc can cause serious damage to health and material PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 22 External Security Switch 1000V 20A 5 External Security Switch 1000V 20A Use this switch to disconnect the peak power measuring instrument and I V curve tracer PVPM from the PV power before connecting or disconnecting the measuring cables to from the PVPM This avoids damages of your own health or the PVPM Usage Turn the knob at the switch in a neutral position 0 both 0 positions are equal Put the measuring cable delivered with the PVPM as far as it will go to the sockets at the switch housing red connectors to red sockets and black connectors to black sockets You can
20. 5 1 3 Show STC curve on off button STC curve If a curve can be calculated up to STC conditions it also can be displayed Here you can switch the display of this curve on or off The axis scale will be corrected automatically if necessary 8 5 1 4 Show power on off button You can select whether the power graph is displayed or not 8 5 1 5 Zoom on off button Zoom max The scale for the y axis is changed to expand the curve to the maximum display 8 5 1 6 Legend on off button Legend A legend of the displayed graphs can be displayed optionally Here you can switch the display of the legend on or off PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 39 Graphics 8 5 1 7 Copy to clipboard button Clipb Copies the actual graphic to the clipboard you can enter this copy for example into a word document 8 6 Results Lists ste Paak Power Pel 56 1 W 10 3 4A 3 07 A Uc 2243 19 34 e 1 5A Int Series Res Rs 09 Ohm Uor 213V Irt Pirate Res Fn gt 0 73 kOhm 1 79 A Irradiance Eat 584 2 Upma 174 V Celtamp Tmod 249 C Prae312W Fit factor FF 0 751 Phe COCC 05 25 gra 6 04 2000 11 20 55 Pie C px ergranring ger aebebeit 20OCAZDOC C6 23 18 04 2012 11 30 53 SU read successfully By clicking the tab Results the page with results will be displayed It is not possible yet to e
21. PVPM 12540C 6020C 1000C 1000C40 Peak Power Measuring Device for PV Modules ned m e e 1 je Users Manual 07 2009 PV Engineering GmbH Augustastra e 24 58641 Iserlohn Germany Tel 49 2371 1595347 Fax 49 2371 1595348 e mail service pv engineering de PVPM Users Manual Page 2 Contents 1 SOFTWARE END USER LICENSE AGREEMENITI 5 2 INTRODUCTION 6 3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 8 4 OPERATION OF THE PVPM1000C 11 4 GENERAL HINTS I re Ee RP epo C tee 11 4 2 CONNECTING PERIPHERAL 20 00 12 4 3 POWER SUPPLYv Ah 4 4 CONNECTING A PC i13 4 5 CONNECTING THE SOLAR GENERATOR 2 tentent sene 14 4 6 CONNECTING THE COMBINATION ENSOR eene eene eene 15 427 TURNING ONE cid 4 8 Krvs 4 6 1 Test 4 82 ESO e 4 8 3 LSA ENTER ehh ettet e te deese 4 8 3 AYEOW Keys e atas tee uad etr ee cre ed Re sudes 4 9 MEASUREMENT oi i 4 10 MENUS i invenere 4 10 1 Menu New measurement 222727000000 17 4 10 1 1 Menu Single measurement sse 17 4 10 1 2 Menu Rs measurement en
22. Users Manual Page 46 Reasons for decreased Power and Yield of PV Generators other problems corrosion discolouring Break of single cells in module Improper electrical connections in module Bypass diode defective short circuit Bypass diode mounted the wrong way No bypass diode mounted or diode defective high resistance Dimension of cabling too small Cable defective e g break corrosion Insufficient mounting of connectors Corrosion in screwed or plugged connectors Insufficient preselection of modules regarding peak power Insufficient preselection of single cells regarding power during module production Short circuit between cells in the module Fabrication tolerances in cell production Peak power too low possibly deformation of I V curve Peak power too low internal series resistance Rs higher than calculated Peak power of strings reduced by module power Peak power of strings reduced by module power Shading of one module reduces power of the string dramatically Internal series resistance Rs too high Internal series resistance Rs too high Internal series resistance Rs too high Internal series resistance Rs too high Peak power of plant too low Peak power of module too low Peak power of plant too low open circuit voltage Up too low shape of curve Peak power too low shape of curve transportation fault replacement by supplier material defective replacement by s
23. ce of assembly of the PV system Calculation results and the diagram can be displayed on the internal LCD display The peak power is the power of a module under Standard Test Conditions STC 1 So far the very sumptuous measurement of the peak power was possible only in particularly suited laboratories By a new procedure 2 which was developed by Professor Wagner at the University of Applied Sciences Dortmund patented the measurement with the PVPM can easily be performed So the quality control of a PV system can be executed fast and economically This simple and meaningful check in practice serves the certainty of the customer and also that of the installer Beyond that the measured I V curves permit further explanations about the electrical characteristics of the verified module or string So the PVPM is suitable as well as an instrument in research as for development purposes The PVPM is a mobile measuring device with integrated battery supply and battery charger in a durable metal housing The device has its own industrial miniature PC and a high contrast LCD display and thus its function is independent of other devices However if desired a PC can be attached for data transfer and further analysis of the measured values over a standard interface The PVPM is operated comfortably over few keys and an on screen menu The functions are defined self describing and the user is always led by the program So no long training activities
24. contents of the clipboard at the cursor position 8 4 Options Before you use the following function Measurement please power on the PVPM1000C and select the menu option PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 33 Options Transfer The solar generator to be measured and the sensors should be mounted already 8 4 1 Start Measurement on PVPM Button Measure After starting the function the status line will display the message Measurement processing Please wait The measurement will take up to 2 seconds Directly after the measurement the measured values will be transferred process will be displayed in the status line and the main window will display the values and results Now you can display the data in a graph chap 8 5 or a list chap 8 6 export chap 8 2 3 or save to file chap 8 2 2 Important When the measurement is initialized from the PC the data will not automatically be stored in the PCPM1000C If this message IZ x see rig ht The PVPM at COM1 does not react Is the cable connected properly and the PVPM powered on is the transfer selected at PVPM appears the cable to PVPM1000C is not mounted properly or the function Transfer on the PVPM1000C is not activated 8 4 2 Manage Files on the PVPM1000C Here the measurement data stored DI on PVPM1000C will be displayed in Data stored on PVPM a list PVPM1000C must be connected and online for this 2 318
25. dit this data here However the list with results and measured data can be printed see 8 2 5 With the button Clipb you can copy important data in a tabular form to the clibboard and then for example into MS Excel So you can easily setup a Microsoft Excel 1 i 18 Datei Bearbeiten Ansicht Einf gen Format Extras Daten Fenster 2 Acrobat 2 table of different 1 amp amp o AA Mg measurements and compare A E5 E D E ImD A UmD V Ppk W IscO A Uoc V pmax A 383 183 704 4 4 248 191 them using a software other then PVPM disp without exporting the files Se E 1 i lux MIN Tabelle Tabele Tsbeles 14 D Bereit NET Bil 2 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 40 Help not yet implemented 8 7 Help not yet implemented 8 7 1 Contents Displays the contents of the online help 8 7 2 Search Here you can search within the online help 8 7 3 Use help Basic hints for the windows help system 8 7 4 Info Displays an information window with the version number of the program PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 41 Hardware Information 9 Hardware Information Changes reserved Build in a stable metal case with carrying handle and tough front panel 9 1 Measuring Unit Sampling rate max 100kHz resoluti
26. e Performance Ratio is often denominated as quality factor Q Solar modules on the basis of crystalline cells reach a quality factor of 0 85 to 0 95 network coupled plants average out at 70 to 75 13 14 Phox sensor The principle of the Phox PHOtovoltaic LuX sensor is that the current from the photovoltaic cell which is almost linear to the irradiation of the cell is conducted through a so called shunt a particular resistor The voltage which falls on part of the resistor is on its turn linearly dependant from the irradiation and can be easily measured with the measuring device Disadvantage every sensor has got to be calibrated separately the calibration value is the voltage delivered by the sensor when it is exposed to the Standard Test Conditions STC PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 56 Internal series resistance 13 15 Internal series resistance This resistance results physically from the material being used for the production of the module as well as from its cable connection it has usually a constant value It amounts in crystalline modules around 1ohm in thin film module more than 2 ohm The measurement of the internal series resistance is latterly possible with the measuring device of the PVPM series For that purpose just one I V curve of the module has to be measured With this curve the device calculates the Rs as well as the Ppk and the parallel resistance Rp automatically The theoretically val
27. ellow when accu charge is finished Lights up when grid is connected and switched on On Lights up when device is powered on readiness is displayed on LCD screen 14 2 Speaker signals PVPM1000C reports messages and operation state by speaker signals in the following deep sounds are represented by da higher sounds by dee Sound ee key click is simulated while you press a ke ar meee signals start or end of an function al C CIT Rem about he kind of error Ze are main menu the device is read da or da da Directly after switching power on processor o k da or followed by Directly after switching power on the lithium battery Service required da da of the processor is empty dee dee da da LCD display does not react Switch the device off and after a little while on If the error appears again service is necessary of destination file will be deleted dropped dee dee dee PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 59 EC Declarations of Conformity 15 EC Declarations of Conformity EG Konformitatserklarung im Sinne der EG Richtlinien EC Declaration of Conformity as defined by the EC Directives EMV EMC 89 336 EWG ge ndert durch changed by 93 31 EWG e Niederspannung Low Voltage 73 23 EWG Der Hersteller The manufacturer PV Engineering GmbH Reinickendorfer Str 2 58642 Iserlohn Deutschland Germany erkl rt hiermit dass folgende Produkte c
28. ere is no resistor or load between the two poles It is not dangerous for the cell but a disconnection might cause a light arc which is dangerous for health and environment 13 9 Mismatching The connection of weak and better modules in a string whereby the weaker module in a row affects the current and that way impairs the total power PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 54 MPP 13 10 MPP Denotes the point of maximum power A solar cell has in connection of every magnitude of irradiation to a certain magnitude of temperature and light spectrum a point of maximum power on its I V characteristic The product of usable current and corresponding current of a solar cell does not always have the same value 13 11 Tracking The module surfaces of trackers follow the state of the sun during the course of the day The tracking can be carried out by one or two axis whereby the production of two axle tracking is more effective Compared to a permanent south orientated plant the annual yield increases with approximately 30 Tower mounted tracked and elevated solar plants allows the choice of an optimum position That way irrespective of structural circumstances a panning range free from shadows is made possible 13 12 Peak Power To guarantee the comparability of power output of PV moules it was generally accepted that the nominal power of a module is measured with the boundary conditions temperature of cell 25 irradiati
29. ertifies that the products Produkt I U Kennlinienmessger t Product I V Curve tracer Typ PVPM2540C Type Seriennummer 2540 00403 Serial No Baujahr 2003 Year of manufact den Bestimmungen der den oben bezeichneten Richtlinien entspricht are in conformity with the directive s mentioned above Folgende harmonisierte Normen wurden angewandt The following standards are in use DIN EN 55022 DIN EN 61000 6 1 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 2 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 3 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 4 2002 08 r Iserlohn 01 05 2003 Dipl Ing Klaus M Schulte Ort Datum Gesch ftsf hrer Managing Director PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 60 EC Declarations of Conformity EG Konformitatserklarung im Sinne der EG Richtlinien EC Declaration of Conformity as defined by the EC Directives e EMV EMC 89 336 EWG ge ndert durch changed by 93 31 EWG e Niederspannung Low Voltage 73 23 EWG Der Hersteller The manufacturer PV Engineering GmbH Reinickendorfer Str 2 58642 Iserlohn Deutschland Germany erkl rt hiermit dass folgende Produkte certifies that the products Produkt I U Kennlinienmessger t Product I V Curve tracer Typ PVPM6020C Type Seriennummer PVPM6020C00103 Serial No Baujahr 2003 Year of manufact den Bestimmungen der den oben bezeichneten Richtlinien entspricht are in conformity with the directive s mentioned above Folgende harm
30. etely It contains important hints to avoid damage to persons or the measuring device These hints are emphasized by a frame around the text and should be paid attention to The program PVPM disp requires a PC with hard disk and MS Windows 9x or NT and a mouse device The connection of the PVPM1000C requires a free serial interface Please be sure that this interface has no interrupt conflicts with other devices in the PC The required free space on the hard disk before installing PVPM disp is about 2 MB Please be sure later on that there is enough room on the hard disk before storing measured data The program stores important values in a file named PVPMdisp ini Do not modify this file manually this could affect the normal operation of the program Attention For the purpose of data security we would like to point out the importance of saving the database of the program regularly on another data medium so in the event of damage you will be able to continue working without considerable data loss Such a damage can not be excluded even under the present state of the art Please do not restore single data files but always the complete data back up of the program otherwise you might cause malfunction this in turn might lead to data loss In case of doubt please contact the distributer or the producer PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 9 Safety Requirements I WARNINGS To disregard the following information can lead
31. f the preview window are from left to right Zoom factor Save preview Load preview Print preview Find text in preview Help Finish preview Drucker einrichten Drucker 8 2 6 Printer Settings Calls the windows standard dialogue Printer Settings Select the desired printer settings here Name Status Typ Ort Standarddrucker Bereit HP LaserJet Ill LPT2 Kommentar Papier Gr e Zufuhr 210 x 297 mm Oberer Schacht C Hochformat Querformat Format PV Engineering GmbH wn PVPM Users Manual Page 32 File 8 2 7 Quit Program Here you finish the program PVPM disp The current data are not save automatically but you will get an warning that you data should be saved before closing the program Don t forget Finish Transfer on the PVPM1000C when you close PVPM disp Finish PVPM disp always with the function Quit program the button End or the key combination lt ALT gt lt F4 gt and go back to System It is also important that you down your system properly afterwards because else a data loss might occur due to a write back cache etc 8 3 Edit This function is only active when the cursor is placed in a text edit field 8 3 1 Cut Cuts the marked text and moves it to the clipboard 8 3 2 Copy Copies the marked text and moves it to the clipboard 8 3 3 Insert Inserts the
32. for the operating staff are necessary PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 7 Introduction Description of the measurement The PVPM automatically measures the I V characteristic of the generator at a capacitive load From the measured data it calculates the effective solar cell characteristic Ppk and Rs 2 3 After the measurement the data are stored automatically in a non volatile storage and so are available also later e g in the office 4 The device internally stores the data of more than 100 measurements The following results are displayed Permanent values Peak Power PPk Internal Series Resistance Rs Internal Parallel Resistance Rp Current values depending on irradiation and temperature Vpmax Ipmax Pmax Voc Isc FF Tmod Eeff The determined I V characteristic can also be shown directly on the LCD display 1 IEC60904 3 STC Irradiance 1000 W m2 Spectrum AM 1 5 Cell Temper 25 C 2 Wagner A Peak Power and Internal Series Resistance Measurement under Natural Ambient Conditions EuroSun Copenhagen 2000 3 Bendel C Wagner A Photovoltaic Measurement relevant to the Energy Yield WCPEC3 Osaka 2003 4 Schulte K M Wagner A Die Effektive Solarzellenkennlinie Anwendung Teillast Berechnung Staffelstein 2002 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 8 Safety Requirements 3 Safety Requirements Before the first use of the PVPM1000C read this manual carefully and compl
33. g window appears inix Prak Paw 1800 000 Joc O0 V Cun ert vous lse 0 004 Voc g a it Paralel Ras Rp 0 00 pmax 0 00 A kradisnce e 0 yWrn2 Loms 0 0 V Cell semp Traod 0 0 C 0 0 Fil factor FF The displayed document is empty all values are zero Now you can make a measurement or get measurement data from the PVPM1000C The new or received data will be stored to this document and you are able to continue evaluating these data or save it to a hard disk file For the evaluation you can refer to the screen pages Graphic line diagram of measured data and Results display of results and list view of measured data The function Export lets you export the data to different file formats for further evaluation in other software Buttons are grayed out when they are not active They change to normal state when this function is meaningful PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 29 Main Menu 8 1 Main Menu 8 2 File 8 2 1 Open saved to disk Suchen in Reterenemodul AEG 26_27 05 2 gt al ek before can be reloaded using 15 31 2000 4 13 52 SUI 34 2000 4 15 36 5U e 4 1 2000 23 2 38 tha Open 2 31 2000 4 14 18 50 41 2000 23 136 SUI 4 1 2000 23 2 46 amp 3 12000 4 14 34 50 841 2000 23 15 42 50 4 4 2000 23 2 54 button The amp 3 1 2000 4 14 42 501 8 41
34. hort circuit current Short circuit current at STC Normalized slope of the solar characteristic curve Slope of the characteristic curve at I 0 Maximum Power Point other description for Pmax Nominal Operating Cell Temperature cell operating temperature at TambN and EN Power Actual maximum power of a solar cell Peak Power maximum power of the solar cell at STC Resistance Parallel resistance Photovoltaic resistance calculation factor only no real resistor Serial resistance Standard Test Conditions for the determination of Ppk Time ambient temperature 20 C ambient temperature for NOCT 25 C cell temperature at STC actual Module temperature at the backside of the module Voltage Short form for Upmax Open circuit voltage Open circuit voltage at STC Maximum power voltage PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 45 Reasons for decreased Power and Yield of PV Generators 11 Reasons for decreased Power and Yield of PV Generators Error To be detected by Possible reason workaround System configuration chosen Measurement of mismatch Design fault redesign inadequately losses Erroneous match of strings Fed power too low for location Design fault redesign and inverter and in relation to nominal replacement of inverters generator power Cast shadow I V curve shows bulge peak Barrier near module e g tree power too low optical check Diffuse shading may be I V curve is impressed peak hardly visible for
35. isconnected The solar generator possibly can generate very high tensions and currents which can affect your health when you do not handle with care I VERY IMPORTANT 2 Never plug in or remove the cable connectors between solar generator and PVPM1000C before the solar generator is deactivated A security switch added to the measurement line allows the simultaneous disconnection and the safe connection of measuring wires to the PVPM The PVPM will make a short circuit during measurement or due to wrong polarization and when you tear of a cable under this condition a light arc can arise and can cause serious damage to health and material After the generator is deactivated you can remove the cable connection without harm PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 11 Operation of the PVPM1000C 4 Operation of the PVPM1000C 4 1 General Hints The PVPM1000C as nearly all electronic measuring device can only operate in a defined temperature range see appendix That is why the PVPM1000C should not be exposed to direct sunlight over a longer period Keep the device in a shady place or protect it from direct sunlight using a sunshade The standard version of PVPM1000C can not be integrated into other devices or e g brackets It is very important that the air can move free around the case so a proper cooling is guaranteed Only if the PVPM1000C is completely out of operation even n
36. m right with pressed left mouse button This marked region then will be displayed zoomed To come back to normal view E just click onto the drawing region If you press the Shift Key and the right mouse button in the viewing area and keep the buttons pressed you can move the graphic area in every direction pan T T T T T x T T T 4 5 5 12 14 16 M moz M Vantage in V Pile eubabent 2000 2000 06 23 grow L3 04 2002 LL 230 58 SU read succesfully v Theo curve onfoff Show STC curve onjoff v Show power on off v Legend on off Zoom onjoff Copy to clipboard PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 38 Graphics Clicking the viewing area with the right mouse button lets a popup menu appear The same functions are available if you use the button bar on top of the graphics region The following options are available 8 5 1 1 MPP display on off button Show MPP You can select whether the MPP shell be displayed in the diagram or not Note The displayed MPP is not exactly one of the measured data points but will be interpolated 8 5 1 2 Theo curve on off button Eff curve You can select whether a curve approximation will be performed on the data and whether this curve will be displayed additionally to the measured curve Depending on the measured data the calculations may be not possible 8
37. n 1second an accurateness of 1K e The active surface of the device under test must lie in plane with the irradiation reference sensor within 5 e Before the measurement of the I V characteristic the irradiation has to be constant enough for at least 10seconds 10W m that way misinterpretations of the temperature of tested device and reference sensor can be avoided e The irradiation may not fluctuate around more than 10W m PVPM will call attention in this case e Temperature of tested device and reference sensor has got to be balanced no alteration of temperature my be indicated e Current and voltage of the device under test are measured with different measuring lines four wire measurement PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 26 Installation of the Transfer Software PVPM disp 7 Installation of the Transfer Software PVPM disp PVPM disp is delivered on a diskette or a CD ROM The medium contains a setup program for easy installation of the software on to your PC The setup program will copy all necessary files to your hard disk and initializes the program The installation can be performed by every person with basic experience of PC and MS Windows For the installation the following steps are necessary 1 Insert the program disk CD containing the setup program Disk 1 in to the corresponding drive 2 Under Start select menu option Execute 3 Inthe now appearing edit line unde
38. ne 17 4 10 1 3 O0bj Index E dire inet 18 4 10 2 Menu Stored meas a a 18 410 3 Men Transfer s tse aatia me es 410 4 Men Service es 4 10 4 1 Menu Select sensor 4 10 4 2 Menu Show version eene 4 10 4 3 Menu Reset obj index 4 10 4 4 Menu Set Date Time 4 11 MESSAGES Be oe 5 EXTERNAL SECURITY SWITCH 1000V 20A 6 PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE ACCURACY OF THE 5 23 7 INSTALLATION OF THE TRANSFER SOFTWARE PVPM DISP 26 8 OPERATION OF THE TRANSFER SOFTWARE PVPM DISP 28 MAIN MENU Te ede 29 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 3 6 2 6 Printer Settings sae a 31 6 2 7 Quit 32 etes ie e GER Rae e ee ie ee EE DO 32 LIMEN ES 32 9 3 2 ei de petite 32 0 9 9 IWSeFl suysu h Ou DO 32 S OPTIONS ee tei eset b Mo ttes 32 8 4 1 Start Measurement on PVPM Button Measure 33 8 4 2 Manage Files on the PVPM1000C 33 8 4 3 Synchronize PVPM to PC date time 34 8 4 4 Modify PVPM sensor database sere 34 8 4 5 Calculate internal series resistor
39. nning a solar plant the question for the slope of the roof e g on the internet leads to wrong conclusions as it is not the slope of the roof but the slope of the collectors Through an appropriate elevation and attachment the collectors can be brought into a good position even if the slope or the adjustment of the roof are disadvantageous PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 52 Slope of the roof For the optimum use of solar radiation the sun rays should fall on the collectors in a right angle The optimum elevation and angle of setting up correspond to the geographical latitude of a location Freiburg is located on the 48 degree of latitude L beck on the 54 degree of latitude Since the sun stands higher in the summer than in the winter it depends on in which time of the year the solar equipment is predominantly being used Photovoltaic plants for example carry the highest yield on long summer days while thermal solar plants are taken to support heating installations in the winter As a rule of thumb for the angle of setting up a latitude of 10 in the summer and a latitude of 10 in the winter is considered to be effective Not to be confused with the slope is the orientation azimuth to the south In practice smaller deviations from the optimum slope or orientation decrease the productivity insignificantly A temporary clouding of the collectors impairs the effectiveness far more 13 3 DC Short for direct current
40. ns from l V characteristics on photovoltaic generators with the measuring device PVPM Under following constraints the peak power designations of the PVPM have an accuracy of 5 relating to the actual peak power value of the device under test e The device under test consists of mono and polycristalline silicon cells e The tested device is not not even slightly shadowed e The irradiation reference sensor is not not even slightly shadowed e The irradiation reference sensor must have largely the same spectral sensitivity as the tested device e The measurement has to be carried out under natural sunlight e The sun has to stand according to IEC60904 within 10 at right angle to the active surface of the device under test e The irradiation amounts according to IEC609004 at least to a total of 800W m On the basis of comparative measurements we find 600W m sufficing e The measurement of the irradiation has to take place instantaneously before or after the I V characteristic the time lag between measurement of characteristic and irradiation has to be less than 10ms PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 25 Parameters affecting the Accuracy ofthe Measurement e The measured value of the irradiation reference sensor has to be adjusted with the measured temperature of the cell e The measurement of the cell temperature has to take place instantaneously before after the measurement of the characteristic withi
41. nu Rs measurement This method is adapted from a norm two measurements at different irradiances but same temperature and spectrum have PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 18 Menus to be made When the second measurement is finished the Rs will be calculated and displayed from the results of these two measurements This method is much mure complicate than our standard method method to gain the Rs from only one i v curve Meas of 10 10 01 at 14 02 42 Ppk 75 6 W 213 UMPP 174V 3_ S 15c 23A 21 2 ENS eff T u Tmod 17 C FF 0 64 H IF 0 0 20 50 40 50 Emish Addit Graph J N Result Graph Finish Result Addit It is only implemented for completeness 4 10 1 3 Obj Index The object index was implemented to allow marginal structuring of the measured data Due to the lack of a alphanumerical keyboard no additional data can be added to the measurements The object index no allows to assign a number to the measurements So you can organize datasets that belong together for example from one module with the same object index In the menu Service you can reset the object index to 1 4 10 2 Menu Stored meas This function enables you to recall a former automatically stored measurement from internal storage as long as you not already deleted the dataset The datasets are displayed in a list
42. o charging it may be stacked Attention Never loosen a cable connection during measurement The considerable dc tensions and currents can cause a light arc which can be the reason for fire and serious injuries see chapter 3 The front panel of the PVPM1000C is rather rough but you should handle it with care anyway To avoid damage of the front panel please take notice of the following hints PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 12 General Hints e Do not touch the front panel with a sharp or pointed object This could force scratches and might even destroy the foil especially in the regions with keys in the back e Clean the surface with a soft and not to wet tissue Do not use materials that can scratch especially on the cover of the display A scratched display cover will dramatically affect the display quality The case is not water proofed Do not expose the PVPM1000C directly to rain or similar influence For a good measuring quality the sun irradiance during the measurement should be above 500 W m2 Measurements are possible below this irradiance value but less precise For the determination of Rs the two necessary I V Curves must be measured at different irradiances The difference should be more than 10 4 2 Connecting Peripheral Devices For a measurement the following components are necessary e Peak power measuring device PVPM1000C measurement of V curve display of Ppk e Phox sens
43. on 1000W m and a spectrum of light according AM 1 5 and named Peak Power some producers also characterise it as nominal value The boundary conditions are called Standard Test Conditions STC Unfortunately the natural appearance of the STC is very seldom that is why the relevant measurements so far were only realised in laboratories where the conditions had to be produced under high effort With the new method of the Peak Power and characteristic line measuring device a spate of PVPM it is now possible to realise PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 55 Peak Power these measurements under actual environmental conditions the measuring device converts them into STC Thus after just one characteristic line measurement the Peak Power Ppk the internal series resistance Rs and the parallel resistance Rp are available as output This output is in comparison with the specified value an indication for different errors in the PV Generator that way they simplify efficiency control and error search 13 13 Performance Ratio The Performance Ratio means in photovoltaic the ratio of available profit and specified value of a plant The Performance Ratio is the quotient of the yield of alternating current and nominal yield of generator DC It indicates what proportion of the current produced by the generator is in real terms available PV plants of high capacity reach a Performance Ratio of more than 70 Th
44. on 12Bit Accuracy of the a d converter better 196 Peak power measurement 5 Reproducement 2 Duration of single measurement about 2 seconds Phox sensor with integrated Pt1000 sensor measures irradiance and cell temperature Other commercially available sensors as e g ISET Sensor can be connected using a reliable cable connection Pinout of sensor plugs Irradiance 3 pin female chassis socket Typ Lumberg KFV30 plug SV30 Pin 1 U Pin 2 not used Pin 3 U Temperatur2 4 pin female chassis socket Lumberg KFV40 plug SV40 Pin 1 Current source 1 mA Pin 2 Pt1000 Pin 3 Pt1000 Pin 4 Current source 1 mA Measuring ranges of the PVPM 25 50 100 250 5 10 20 40 100 C 0 1300 W m2 25 100 300 600 2 5 10 20 120 C 25 100 500 1000 2 5 10 20 25 100 500 1000 2 5 10 40 Peak power upto 40kW PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 42 Measuring Unit Ranges for current and voltage can be combined in any order An optimal range is selected by the device automatically 9 2 Calculation Unit Processor 386sx compatibel 33MHz memory 2MByte Flash disk 0 9MB can store more than 100 results Watchdog real time clock No mechanically moved parts like hard disk fan etc 9 3 Display LCD display with CCFL lighting resolution 256 x 128 pixels monochrome high contrast through white on black display 9 4 Operation Menu driven with few keys mo
45. onisierte Normen wurden angewandt The following standards are in use DIN EN 55022 DIN EN 61000 6 1 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 2 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 3 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 4 2002 08 v UY Iserlohn 01 03 2003 Dipl Ing Klaus M Schulte Ort Datum Gesch ftsf hrer Managing Director PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 61 EC Declarations of Conformity EG Konformitatserklarung im Sinne der EG Richtlinien EC Declaration of Conformity as defined by the EC Directives e EMV EMC 89 336 EWG ge ndert durch changed by 93 31 EWG e Niederspannung Low Voltage 73 23 EWG Der Hersteller The manufacturer PV Engineering GmbH Reinickendorfer Str 2 58642 Iserlohn Deutschland Germany erkl rt hiermit dass folgende Produkte certifies that the products Produkt I U Kennlinienmessger t Product I V Curve tracer Typ PVPM1000C Type Seriennummer 1000 00103 Serial No Baujahr 2003 Year of manufact den Bestimmungen der den oben bezeichneten Richtlinien entspricht are in conformity with the directive s mentioned above Folgende harmonisierte Normen wurden angewandt The following standards are in use DIN EN 55022 DIN EN 61000 6 1 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 2 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 3 2002 08 DIN EN 61000 6 4 2002 08 M Iserlohn 01 10 2003 Dipl Ing Klaus M Schulte Ort Datum Gesch ftsf hrer Managing Director PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 62
46. or with Pt1000 temperature sensor e external security switch 1000V 20A see chapter 9 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 13 Connecting Peripheral Devices e of course the module to be measured and the cable connection to PVPM1000C e optional External PC for the operation of the measurement and evaluation of the measured data The PVPM1000C is equipped with the following input output interfaces you find all interfaces besides the grid connection at the front panel they are all marked 4 wire measurement Voltage input Current input Current input Connection to PC AT Cross cable 9 Pin LPT1 optional at the back of the case 4 3 Power Supply The PVPM1000C contains a accumulator which lets it become independent from grid power supply The accumulator can be charged by the integrated charge unit For this purpose you must connect the PVPM1000C to the grid power After switching on the grid power on the back side of the case the accumulator is loaded automatically The loading state is displayed by a LED at the front of the device 4 4 Connecting a PC The PVPM1000C can operate independent from a external PC For an extended evaluation of the measured data or just for controlling the PVPM1000C from the PC you can connect the PC to the PVPM1000C Put the delivered cable SUB D 9B SUB D 9B to a free serial port of your PC and to the PC connector at the PVPM1000C PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Use
47. r Open you enter x setup were x is the drive letter of the installation media 4 Press ENTER or the OK button Now the setup program will be started and executed Follow the messages on the screen 5 Setup now copies all necessary files to your hard disk and will create a new program group for PVPM disp 6 After completing the installation please start PVPM disp The program should now work as described in the following text The operation of the program will be professed detailed in chapter 8 For the operation of the program these files are necessary PVPMdisp EXE The main program PVPMdisp INI Config file You must not change this file manually PVPMdisp HLP Help file not yet available The program will create files with the extension SUI which contains measured data from a I V measurement When these PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 27 Installation of the Transfer Software PVPM disp files were created automatically during a data transfer from PVPM1000C to PC the file name will contain the date and time of the measurement A typical file name could be 24 05 01 14 17 04 501 this file contains data from a measurement made Mai 24 2001 at 2 17 04pm PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 28 Operation ofthe Transfer Software PVPM disp 8 Operation of the Transfer Software PVPM disp For the installation of the software please refer to chapter7 After starting the software the followin
48. r and time of the day Informations about the exact calculation offers the below mentioned internet address The radiation is delimited by several factors even if the sky is beaming blue only around 90 of the total solar energy arrives on earth 13 18 Current Voltage Characteristic The Current Voltage Characteristic of a PV 30 Generator shows different qualities and problems of 20 N the generator and is the i basis of a few substantial b MES specific values Hoher Verlust durch Abschattung l Ampere m T T T T 0 10 20 30 40 50 For example partially or hard shading will modify the characteristic as well as high internal series resistance and defective or missing bypass diodes Besides short circuit current Isc and open circuit voltage Voc voltage and current at the maximum power point MPP Ipmax and Vpmax as a result you get the fill factor FF FF Isc Voc lpmax Vpmax The i v curve is the basis for the calculation of the effective solar curve which then allows the determination of the peak power Ppk and the internal series resistance Rs PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 58 Appendix A 14 Appendix A 14 1 Display lamps in the panel Function Lights up when accu is charged State of Charge Lights up red when accu is discharged charge necessary at once Lights up green when accu is ready Lights up y
49. rs Manual Page 14 Connecting a PC Caution before you can control the PVPM1000C from a PC with PVPM disp it is necessary to select the menu option transfer on the PVPM1000C Otherwise the PC can not access the device 4 5 Connecting the Solar Generator Important during a measurement the solar generator to be measured must be disconnected from all other devices like batteries inverters or loads The PVPM1000C will make a short circuit to the solar generator for some seconds and it might be damaged by connected batteries or load capacities in the inverter Connect the measuring device properly to the solar generator using the cables delivered with the measuring device The plus pole is marked RED the minus pole is marked BLACK When connected wrong exchanged polarity the solar generator is in short circuit through the in PVPM1000C integrated safety diodes no measurement of current possible This condition must not be kept for more than one minute else the measuring amplifier may overheat itis important that all 4 plugs of the 4 wire measurement are connected properly by the delivered 4 wire cable or if you don t want a 4 wire measurement the two red plugs should be connected and the two black plugs as well Use short circuit plugs or laboratory cables for this purpose Without this connection a measurement of voltage is not possible Caution keep a sufficient distance to power
50. s ready when the main menu appears on the LCD screen Lamps on front panel Lights up when accumulator is charged State of charge Red Accumulator discharged charge at Operation not possible once 3 color LED Operation possible Green Accumulator ready Operation possible Yellow Accumulator charged completely Lights up when grid connection 230V 50Hz is connected and switched on Lights up when PVPM1000C is operating the readiness will be PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 16 Turning On displayed on the LCD display If the lamp alternated between green and yellow steadily the accumulator load is kept This part ofthe loading should not be retained for more than 3 hours because else the accumulator could be damaged The PVPM1000C reports several system conditions functions and errors by speaker signals A list of signals you will find in the appendix When the device signaled readiness you can make a measurement 4 8 Keys 4 8 1 Test The Test key is used to visualize the load state of the accumulator with the front panel LEDs when the device is not operating You should do this regular to avoid damage of the accumulator through inevitable self discharge Charge the PVPM1000C completely at least once a month even if you don t use the device 4 8 2 ESC The ESC key will bring you up to the next higher menu level 4 8 3 HOME The HOME key will bring you up to
51. the main menu 4 8 4 ENTER With the ENTER key you select an option or confirm 4 8 5 Arrow keys You can move the mark in menus and other lists using the arrow keys PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 17 Measurement 4 9 Measurement Please pay attention to the safety hints in chapters 3 4 and factors affecting measurement accuracy in chapter 5 The measurement can be started from the PVPM1000C or from a connected PC see chapter 8 The measurement should not be started before the solar generator and the necessary sensors are connected properly The measurement will take about 2 seconds than the calculated results will be displayed immediately on the PVPM display or on the PC 4 10 Menus On the display of PVPM1000C you will find vertical and horizontal menus The handling is same for both choose an option with the arrow keys select it with Enter key The Home key will bring you back to the main menu ESC key back to the next higher menu level 4 10 1 Menu New measurement Brings you to the sub menu P u Eeff 532W m2 Tmod 34 4 C New measurement 4 10 1 1 Menu Single Stored measurement measurement single measurement is made and Service the results like Ppk and Rs will be calculated and displayed at once The data is stored permanently and automatically The i v curve can be displayed on the screen immediately Sensor monocristallin 4 10 1 2 Me
52. u Reset obj index Here you can reset the object index to a value of 1 4 10 4 4 Menu Set Date Time Here you can set date and time of the internal clock of the PVPM1000C but it will be much more simple to do this with the program PVPM disp see chapter 8 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual 4 11 Messages Message Page 20 Messages Description Serial error measured data Configuration file not found Irradiance varies ref cell Irradiance too low Irradiance varies module not available room for new datal Delete files from PVPM Measurement runs Please wait Error writing file Data transfer Quit transfer with ESC An error in the serial connection between PVPM and PC ocurred Measured data is not yet available Internal error consult manufacturer PVPM cannot work without its configuration file The irradiance is not constant enough for the peak power measurement for example due to moving clouds This reusult cannot be calculated There is no space left on the internal permanent storage you have to delete stored data from the permanent storage of the PVPM see 4 10 1 3 Measurement is in process An error ocurred storing the measured data Data connection to PC invoked Measurement not yet possible The security delay between two measurements is not yet elapsed Calculation of Rs not possible Data is not
53. ue to be due of the internal series resistance Rs can be calculated The calculation can be carried out with the software PVPM disp if the STC characteristics Uoc Isc UMpp and IMpp of the module are known The calculates Rs can be compared to the measured value which the PVPM measuring device hands out after the characteristic curve measurement If the measured value is too high the wiring has to be checked for burst corrosion connection errors or wrong dimensions 13 16 Solar Constant Denotes the solar radiation that hits vertically on a surface outside the atmosphere s 1 37 kW m Outer space the solar radiation is almost constant on earth it fluctuates in the course of daytime or time of the year and varies depending on latitude and weather The maximum value on earth lies between 0 8 and 1 0 kW m In annual means the irradiation in Germany amounts according to region between 950 and 1100 kWh m PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 57 Solar irradiation insolation 13 17 Solar irradiation insolation The solar irradiation is put together by the radiation which is directly from the sun and divers indirect proportions Those are the by the environment reflected radiation e g snowfields reflect especially intensive the radiation of the blue sky and other diffuse radiation For the exact calculation of the energy that hits a surface the angle between sunrays and surface is decisive It changes according to time if yea
54. unted to the front panel Operation and evaluation alternatively by Windows software connected via RS232 19200Bd Data carrier detect Request to send Transmit data Clear to send Data terminal ready Ring indicator Signal ground Protective ground 9 5 Power Supply Lead acid accumulator 12V 2 2Ah or 12V 7 2Ah Internal power supply 230V 50Hz power consumption 40W fuse 5x20 250V 0 25A Slow at der backside of housing Integrated battery charger with overload protection for accu Display of battery state with LEDs at the front panel 9 6 Dimensions Width 48cm height 16cm depth 34cm 2540C 6020C 39cm PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 43 Operation Conditions 9 7 Operation Conditions Temperature Humidity 0 C to 40 C 10 to 90 not condensing 10 C to 85 C 5 to 95 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 44 List of symbols 10 List of symbols AM cT E EO Eeff EN FF 10 Im Iph Ipmax Ipmax0 Isc IscO MPP NOCT Pmax Ppk Rp Rpv Rs STC Tamb TambN TjO Tmod Um Uoc UocO Upmax Air Mass relative way length for the sunlight through the atmosphere of the earth Temperature coefficient of the maximum power Irradiance 1000 W m2 Irradiance at STC Irradiation measured with a cristalline pv cell 800 W m2 Irradiance for NOCT Fill factor Current Sperrstrom Short form for Ipmax Photo current Current at Pmax Current at Pmax at STC S
55. upplier Fault in soldering material defective corrosion replacement by supplier Overload material defective repair Mounting fault repair Planning mounting fault repair Design fault replacement of cables Mounting fault repair Mounting fault repair Mounting fault cleaning repair Planning or mounting fault match losses New preselection of the modules after peak power measurement Production fault reduction of price replacement by supplier Production fault replacement by supplier Production fault reduction of price replacement by supplier Please notice some faults may appear only under special operating states e g high module temperatures This compilation does not claim to be complete or free of failures PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 47 Sample Curves 12 Sample Curves Ideale Kennlinie PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 48 Sample Curves Abscha 1 200 Ideale Kennlinie 2 2 E lt PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 49 Sample Curves Gemessene Kennlinie Ideale Kennlinie T Gemessene Kennlinie PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 50 Sample Curves Gemessene Kennlinie l Ampere Ideale Kennlinie
56. ware or Files EXPORT 2 n You agree to comply fully with all laws and regulations to assure that neither the Software nor any direct product thereof is exported directly or indirectly in violation of law TERMINATION This license granted hereunder will terminate automatically if you fail to comply with the limitations described herein Upon termination you must destroy all copies of the Software LIMITED WARRANTY PV Engineering GmbH makes no warranties including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Any remedy under this warranty is limited to return of the software and the user manual to the dealer or to PV Engineering GmbH for replacement or refund This warranty is valid for 90 days from your date of purchase PV Engineering GmbH excludes any warranty coverage for incidental or consequential damages Some states do not allow limitations on implied warranties so some of the above limitations may not apply to you TRADE MARKS Borland is a trade mark of Borland Inc MS DOS MS Windows are trade marks of Microsoft Corporation Iserlohn 20 06 2003 PV Engineering GmbH PVPM Users Manual Page 6 Introduction 2 Introduction The devices of type PVPM enables the measurement of the l V curve of photovoltaic modules as well as of strings By a new developed procedure the device can measure and calculate the peak power Ppk the Rs and Rp directly at the pla
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