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1. Current Control Q2 This circuit is just like the preceding one but it uses the NPN transistor Q2 The transistor connections are opposite to the NPN transistor Q2 but otherwise the circuit works the same way 28 Reflection Detector Build the circuit on the left Place it where there won t be any room light hitting the photoresistor RP Such as in a dark room or under a table and then turn it on The 4 5V lamp L4 will be bright but there should be no sound Reset the circuit by turning the slide switch S1 off and back on Take a small mirror and hold it over the lamp and photoresistor You should hear sound now as the mirror reflects light from the lamp onto the photoresistor You have a reflection detector The photoresistor is used as a switch here to turn on music from the recording IC U6 Quiet Reflection Detector Let s modify the reflection detector circuit so that it is not so loud We ll also put a light on it that can be seen in a noisy room Build the circuit on the left Place it somewhere where there won t be any room light hitting the photoresistor RP Such as in a dark room or under a table and then turn it on The 4 5V lamp L4 will be bright but there should be little or no sound Take a small mirror and hold it over the lamp and photoresistor You should hear a more faint sound and the LED D1 should light now as the mirror reflects light from the lamp onto the photore
2. TRANSISTORS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ICs The PNP transistor Q1 and NPN transistor Q2 are components that use a small electric current to control a large current and is used in switching amplifier and buffering applications Transistors are easy to miniaturize and are the main building blocks of integrated circuits including the microprocessor and memory circuits in computers PNP Transistor Q1 NPN Transistor Q2 WHISTLE CHIP The whistle chip WC contains two thin plates When an electrical signal is applied across them they will stretch slightly in an effort to separate like two magnets opposing each other when the signal is removed they come back together If the electrical signal applied across them is changing quickly then the plates will vibrate These vibrations create just like sound variations in air i PS f from a speaker S pressure that Whistle Chip WC your ears feel Some types of electronic components can be super miniaturized allowing many thousands of parts to fit into an area smaller that your fingernail These integrated circuits ICs are used in everything from simple electronic toys to the most advanced computers The space war and recording IC modules U3 amp U6 in Circuit Maker Sound Plus 200 are actually modules containing specialized sound generation ICs and other supporting components resistors capacitors and transistors that are always needed with them T
3. S2 to discharge the capacitor and reset the circuit If you uncover the photoresistor and let light shine on it then the LED will get dark quickly The photoresistor has much lower resistance with light on it and this lower resistance allows the capacitor to charge up faster sunrise Light Cover the photoresistor RP and turn on the slide switch S1 The LED D1 is off but if you wait a long time then it will eventually light up Uncover the photoresistor and the LED will light up in just a few seconds Press the press switch S2 and reset the circuit 45 Project 92 Capacitor Photo Control Turn on the slide switch S1 and press the press switch S2 If there is light on the photoresistor RP then the LED D1 will stay on for a few seconds after you release the press switch OM e Ta Project 93 Capacitor Control oO co E ms Lom Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch S1 The LED D1 is bright but slowly gets dark as the 100uF capacitor C4 charges up a a The LED will stay dark until you press the press switch S2 which discharges the capacitor Turn Off Timer Turn on the slide switch S1 Pressing the press switch S2 down increases the voltage at the base of Q1 This turns the Q1 Q2 and LED D1 off as the capacitor C4 charges up As you release the press switch the capacitor
4. Teg C LRCGULY Sound Plus ib i Table of Contents Basic Troubleshooting How to Use It Parts List About Your Circuit Maker Parts Introduction to Electricity WARNING SHOCK HAZARD Never connect Circuit Maker to the electrical outlets in your home in any way Basic Troubleshooting Most circuit problems are due to incorrect assembly always double check that your circuit exactly matches the drawing for it with are Be sure that parts positive negative markings positioned as per the drawing Be sure that all connections are securely snapped 4 Try replacing the batteries ELENCO is not responsible for parts damaged due to incorrect wiring Note If you suspect you have damaged parts you can follow the Advanced Troubleshooting procedure on page 9 to determine which ones need replacing DOs and DON Ts of Building Circuits 8 Advanced Troubleshooting 9 Project Listings Projects 1 203 7 Other Circuit Maker Products 5 6 WARNING CHOKING HAZARD IN Small parts Not for children under 3 years WARNING Always check your wiring before turning on a circuit Never leave a circuit unattended while the batteries are installed Never connect additional batteries or any other power sources to your circuits Discard any cracked or broken parts Adult Supervision Because children s abilities vary so much even with age groups adults should exercise discretion as to which experiments ar
5. About Your Circuit Maker Sound Plus 200 Parts Part designs are subject to change without notice BASE GRID The base grid is a platform for mounting parts and wires It functions like the printed circuit boards used in most electronic products or like how the walls are used for mounting the electrical wiring in your home The blue snap wires a are wires used to e connect components They are used to transport electricity and do not affect circuit performance They come in different lengths to allow orderly arrangement of connections on the base grid The red and black jumper wires make flexible connections for times when using the snap wires would be difficult They also are used to make connections off the base grid Wires transport electricity just like pipes are used to transport water The colorful plastic coating protects them and prevents electricity from getting in or out BATTERY HOLDER The batteries B3 produce an electrical voltage using a chemical reaction This voltage can be thought of as electrical pressure pushing electricity through a circuit just like a pump pushes water through pipes This voltage is much lower and much safer than that used in your house wiring Using more batteries increases the pressure therefore more electricity flows Battery Holder B3 SLIDE amp PRESS SWITCHES The slide and press switches S1 amp S2 connect pressed or ON
6. or disconnect not pressed or OFF the wires in a circuit When ON they have no effect on circuit performance Switches turn on electricity just like a faucet turns on water from a pipe Slide amp Press Switches S1 amp S2 RESISTORS Resistors resist the flow of electricity and are used to control or limit the current in a circuit Circuit Maker Skill Builder 125 includes 100 R1 1kQ R2 5 1k R3 and 100k R5 resistors k symbolizes 1 000 so R3 is really 5 1009 Materials like metal have very low resistance lt 1 while materials like paper plastic and air have near infinite resistance Increasing circuit resistance reduces the flow of electricity Pt yt D wear A a x i Resistors R1 R2 R3 amp R5 The adjustable resistor RV is a 50kQ resistor but with a center tap that can be adjusted between 2002 and 50kQ Adjustable Resistor RV The photoresistor RP is a light sensitive resistor its value changes from nearly infinite in total darkness to about 1 000 when a bright light shines on it Photoresistor RP About Your Circuit Maker Sound Plus 200 Parts CAPACITORS _ SPEAKER Capacitors are components that can store electrical pressure voltage for periods of time higher values have more storage Because of this storage ability they block unchanging voltage signals and pass fast changing voltages Capacitors are used for filtering and o
7. resistor RV again The frequency or pitch of the whine has been reduced by the greater added capacitance and it sounds more like a hum now 51 Adjustable Metronome Now place the 10uF capacitor C3 side on right above the whistle chip WC and vary the adjustable resistor RV again There is no hum now but instead there is a click and a flash of light repeating about once a second like the beat of a sound It is like a metronome which is used to keep time for the rhythm of a song Quiet Flasher Leave the 10uF capacitor C3 connected but replace the speaker SP2 with the 4 5V lamp L4 _ Project 117 Hissing Foghorn Build the circuit on the left and move the adjustable resistor RV setting sometimes it will make a foghorn sound sometimes it will make a hissing sound and sometimes it will make no sound at all Project 119 Video Game Engine Sound Project 118 Hissing amp Clicking Modify the circuit in Project 117 by replacing the 100KQ resistor R5 with the photoresistor RP Remove the photoresistor RP from the circuit in Project 118 and instead Move the adjustable resistor RV setting until you hear hissing sounds touch your fingers between the contacts at points A4 and B1 on the base and then shield the photoresistor while doing so and you hear clicking grid while moving the adjustable resistor RV You hear a clicking that sounds sounds like
8. the LED on and off The 100uF capacitor can store electricity and it combines with the NPN transistor Q2 to simulate a rectifier This rectifier converts the changing voltage at the press switch into a constant voltage which keeps the LED on The electricity supplied to your home by your electric company is actually a changing voltage Many electronic products use rectifier circuits to convert this into a constant voltage like a battery provides Project 43 Slow Off Switch Project 44 E Project 45 Current Control Q1 Build the circuit turn on the slide switch S1 and press the press switch S2 You see that the LED D1 doesn t turn off immediately after you release the switch If you remove the capacitor from the circuit by turning off the slide switch then the LED goes off immediately This delay in turning off the LED is caused by the 100uF capacitor C4 Capacitors can store electricity and are used to delay changes in voltage They can block unchanging voltages while passing fast changing voltages Slower Off Switch Change the 1K resistor R2 to the 5 1KQ resistor R3 Now the LED D1 is dimmer but stays on longer Project 46 Turn on the slide switch S1 the LED D1 and lamp L4 are bright This is an unusual circuit which uses the PNP transistor Q1 as two connected diodes to split the current from the batteries B3 into the paths with the LED and lamp
9. 100KQ resistor R5 with the photoresistor RP Blow into the microphone X1 and you should hear static Cover the photoresistor for the loudest sound Build this audio amplifier circuit shown Set the slide switch S1 on and blow ou howls eters L Project 199 Photo Whistle Amplifier Using the circuit in Project 198 replace the microphone X1 with the whistle chip WC Blow into the whistle chip and you should hear sound Cover the photoresistor RP for loudest sound 76 Project 200 Air Audio Amplifier L Project 201 77 Build this audio amplifier circuit shown Set the adjustable resistor RV control lever to the bottom position Set the slide switch S1 on and blow into the microphone X1 You should hear static on the speaker SP2 and the LED D1 may flicker Red LED Audio Amplifier Use the circuit in Project 200 and swap the location of the speaker SP2 and the 3 snap at D6 F6 Move the red LED D1 so it is across base grid locations D6 D8 towards D6 You should hear noise on the speaker and the LED may flicker Project 202 Whistle Chip Audio Amplifier Use the circuit in Project 201 replace the microphone X1 with the whistle chip WC Blow into the whistle chip You should hear static on the speaker SP2 and the LED D1 may flicker Notice how sensitive the whistle chip is compared to the microphone Photo Powered Music Build
10. IC U6 11 Advanced Troubleshooti NO Adult supervision recommended Adjustable resistor RV Build Project 14 the resistor control lever can turn the LED D1 on and off Build Project 4 Make an 8 second recording then listen to the three pre recorded songs Space war IC U3 Build Project 2 both switches S1 and S2 should change the sound 12 Whistle chip WC Build Project 165 13 100KQ When you press the press switch S2 you should hear sound resistor R5 O 1uF C2 capacitor and 10uF capacitor C3 Build Project 120 it makes sound unless the resistor is bad Place the 0 1uF capacitor on top of the whistle chip WC and the sound changes pitch is lower Replace the 0 1uF with the 10uF on left and the circuit will click about once a second 14 100uF C4 capacitors Build Project 75 press the press switch S2 and turn on the Slide switch S1 The LED D1 should be lit for about 5 seconds then go out press the press switch again to reset this Customer Service Call toll free 800 533 2441 e mail help elenco com Project Listings CONDO OF WNDY Electric Light amp Switch Space War Electronic Playground Playback amp Record Light Controlled Music Touch Controlled Music Water Alarm Fun with Sounds Playground Light Emitting Diode Dim Light Light Changing Light Microphone Control Conduction Detector Adjustable Brightness Red amp White
11. R1 with the 1KQ resistor R2 The LED is not as bright now because the resistance is higher Now replace the 1KQ resistor R2 with the 5 1KQ resistor R3 The LED is even dimmer now because the resistance is even higher The photoresistor changes its resistance depending on how much light shines on it 16 Project 13 _ Project 14 Microphone Control Conduction Detector In this circuit blowing on the microphone X1 changes the LED D1 brightness The resistance of the microphone changes when you blow on it You can replace the microphone with one of the resistors to see what resistor value it is closest to In this circuit changing the adjustable resistor RV setting changes the brightness of the LED D1 The lever on RV adjusts how much resistive material the electric current flows through Build the circuit but leave the ends of the red and black jumper wires unconnected at first When you place a paper clip not included across the loose ends of the jumper wires as shown current flows from the batteries through the resistor through the LED and back to the battery The paper clip completes the circuit and current flows through the LED Place your fingers across the terminals and the LED does not light Your body is too high of a resistance to allow enough current to flow to light the LED If the voltage which is electrical pressure was higher current could be pushed through your fingers and
12. RP and set RV to the middle Now you can and control the frequency by waving your hand over the photoresistor RV _ Project 186 Whistle Recording Use the circuit in Project 185 but replace the microphone X1 with the whistle chip WC The whistle chip can be used as a microphone though the sound quality is not as good 2 E Sheet of paper to hide position of shorting bar aad Shorting Bar for A B C or D 73 Project 187 i k k OO Round 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 Player 1 Player2 __ Player 3 Player4 Tanga LTA ma Mind Reading Game T L 1 Build the circuit shown on the left It uses two 2 2 snap wires as shorting bars Setup Player 1 sets up by placing one shorting bar under the paper on row A B C or D Player 2 must NOT know where the shorting bar is located under the paper The object is for Player 2 to guess the location by placing their shorting bar at positions W X Y or Z In the drawing on the left Player 1 sets up at position D If Player 2 places their shorting bar across Z on the first try then they guessed correctly and marks a 1 on the score card sheet under that round number If it takes three tries then they get a three Player 2 then sets the A B C D side and Player 1 tries their luck Each player records their score for each round When all 18 rounds have been played the player with the lowest score wins A
13. Sunrise Light Capacitor Photo Control Capacitor Control Turn Off Timer Turn Off Timer Lamp LED amp Bulb Timer LED amp Bulb Short Timer Slow Light Dimmer Not So Slow Light The SCR Light Controlled SCR Adjustable Tone Generator 10 Project Listings Photosensitive Electronic Organ 48 Electronic Cicada Morse Code Audio Morse Code Dog Whistle The Lie Detector Clicking Liar Slow Clicking Liar Photo Powered Recording Photo Whistle Music Whiner Hummer Adjustable Metronome Quiet Flasher Hissing Foghorn Hissing amp Clicking Video Game Engine Sound Tone Generator Tone Generator Il Tone Generator III More Tone Generator More Tone Generator Il More Tone Generator III Sound Wave Magic Pitch Photo Pitch High Pitch Bell Steamship Water Alarm Buzzing in the Dark Touch Buzzer High Frequency Touch Buzzer High Frequency Water Buzzer Mosquito 48 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 52 52 52 53 53 53 53 53 53 54 54 54 55 55 55 56 56 56 56 56 Loud Mosquito Oscillator Pulse Oscillator Whistle Oscillator Flasher Mail Notifying Electronic Lamp Mail Notifying Electronic Lamp amp Sound Mail Notifying Mode Change Lasting Doorbell Lasting Clicking Shorter Doorbell Lighted Doorbell Light Oscillator Another Light Oscillator Sound amp Light Stepper Circuit Another Light Oscillator Transistor Power Transistor Power II Static Space Sound
14. a dry day electricity You may see sparks when taking one off in a dark room These effects are caused by electricity We call this static electricity because the electrical charges are not moving although pulling clothes apart sounds like static on a radio When electricity is moving usually through wires to do something in another place we call it an electric current Note This project works best ona cold dry day If the weather is humid the water vapor in the air allows the static electric charge to dissipate and this project may not Rub a sweater wool is best and see work how it clings to other clothes Project 159 Electricity in Your Hair You need a comb or a plastic ruler and some paper for this project Rip up the paper into small pieces Run the comb through your hair several times then hold it near the paper pieces to pick them up You can also use a pen or plastic ruler rub it on your clothes wool works best Rubbing the comb through your hair pulls extremely tiny charged particles from your hair onto the comb These give the comb a static electrical charge which attracts the paper pieces Note This project works best on a cold dry day If the weather is humid the water vapor in the air allows the static electric charge to dissipate and this project may not work 61 Take a piece of newspaper or other thin paper and rub it vigorously with a sweater or pencil It will s
15. in the drawing on the left is a device that will open the circuit if too much current is taken from the battery With the slide switch S1 turned on remove the 2 snap wire marked fuse and notice how the lamp L4 shuts off Until the fuse is replaced the open circuit path protects the electronic parts If fuses did not exist many parts could get hot and even start fires Replace the 2 snap wire and the lamp should light again Some fuses contain special wires that break when too much current flows and need to be replaced after they activate Other fuses can be reset by flipping a switch Many electronic products in your home have a fuse that will open when too much current is drawn Can you name some Fuse em Actual fuse if too much current flows then the wire inside melts to break the circuit Sound by Rotary Switch Place the 3 snap as shown and turn the switch S1 on There should be no sound since the 3 snap is not touching point A or B Now rotate the 3 snap to points A or B and the speaker sounds Today most device use electric switches Until the early 1970s mechanical switches were used as channel selectors on television and other electronic equipment 21 C Project 30 Quiet Zone Game QE shorting Bar for W X Y or Z Build the circuit on the left It uses both jumper wires as permanent connections It also uses three 3 2 snap wires shorting bars under paper as shown S
16. li la Project 155 1 Project 156 Blink amp Beep Stati ic S D ace Set the adjustable resistor RV to the far left and turn on the slide switch S1 The LED Sounds C adjustable resistor down the loudness decreases and the time the sound is on is longer D O 2 3 Adjusting the lever down turns Change the sound by modifying the the NPN transistor Q1 off lowering the voltage on space war IC U3 preceding circuit Move the 2 snap across A amp B to B amp C Operate the circuit the same as Project 153 D1 lights and the speaker SP2 sounds once per second Adjusting the adjustable resistor to the right increases the rate Project 157 Blink amp Beep II Replace the 10uF capacitor C3 with the 100uF capacitor C4 When you turn on the Slide switch S1 LED D1 will light about Modify the previous circuit by placing 2 snaps across A amp B C amp D and a 3 snap across B amp D every 10 seconds The speaker SP2 clicks as the light blinks Electricity You Can Wear Did you ever wonder why clothes cling together when they come out of the dryer Did you ever hear a crackling sound when you take off a sweater If the room is dark you might even see sparks Did you ever Find some clothes that cling together The crackling noise you hear when feel a zap when you touch someone in the dryer and try to uncling them taking off a sweater is static wearing a sweater on
17. out Gravity is actually the attraction between objects due to their weight or technically their mass This effect is extremely small and can be ignored wy unless one of the objects is as big asa planet like the earth Gravity attraction never goes away and is seen every time you drop something Electrical charge though usually balanced out perfectly can move around and change quickly For example you have seen how clothes can cling together in the dryer due to static electricity There is also a gravity attraction between the sweaters but it is Electricity Gravity always extremely small 62 Project 162 fob smic 1 an a ae rr 63 Pencil Alarm Remove the press switch S2 and connect the red and black jumper wires where it had been Leave the loose ends of the jumpers unconnected for now There is one more part you need and you are going to draw it Take a pencil No 2 lead is best but other types will also work SHARPEN IT and fill in the shape below You will get better results if you place a hard flat surface directly beneath this page while you are drawing Press hard but don t rip the paper and fill in the shape several times to be sure you have a thick even layer of pencil lead Press the loose ends of the jumpers to the shape and move them around over the drawing to trigger your alarm If you don t hear any sound then move the ends closer together and move over the
18. recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps after the 5 seconds expires The lamp L4 will not light The red LED D1 will light at some settings on RV T RECORDING IC i ei O Project 5 Light Controlled Music Use the circuit in Project 4 Replace the press switch S2 with the photoresistor RP then turn on the slide switch S1 Turn the music on and off by waving your hand over the photoresistor Project 4 j i on A will not light Project 6 Touch Controlled Music Use the circuit in Project 4 Place a single snap on base grid point F1 Replace the press switch S2 with the PNP transistor Q1 with the arrow on point E2 and then turn on the slide switch S1 Turn the music on and off by touching points F1 amp G2 at the same time You may need to wet your fingers Playback amp Record Build the circuit shown Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps after the 5 seconds expires Press the press switch S2 for playback It plays the recording you made followed by one of three songs If you press the press switch before the song is over music will stop You may press the press switch several times to play all three songs The lamp L4 is used to li
19. starts discharging through resistor R5 When the voltage from the discharging capacitor drops low enough Q1 Q2 and the LED turn on after a few seconds Project 95 Turn Off Timer Lamp Replace the LED D1 with lamp L4 and the 100Q resistor R1 with a 3 Snap wire LED amp Bulb Timer When you press the press switch S2 the lamp L4 turns off and the LED lights When the voltage from the discharging capacitor drops low enough Q1 Q2 and the lamp turn on and the LED turns off Project 97 LED amp Bulb Short Timer You can shorten the timer delay by replacing the 100uF capacitor C4 with the 10uF capacitor or by replacing the 100KQ resistor R5 with the 5 1KQ resistor R3 46 Project 98 47 rojec t 100 Slow Light Project 99 Dimmer Turn on the slide switch S1 and the LED D1 comes on if there is light on the photoresistor RP If you cover the photoresistor then the LED will stay on for a while until the 100uF capacitor C4 discharges Not So Slow Light In the preceding circuit soeed up how quickly the LED shuts off by replacing the 100uF capacitor C4 with the smaller 10uF capacitor C3 The O 1uF capacitor C2 stores very little electricity so if you replace the 10uF capacitor with it then the LED will shut off right away The SCR The transistors Q1 amp Q2 are connected so when the base of Q2 goes high both Q
20. the LED D1 lights up There is no partially lit state here the diode is either totally on or totally off While this may seem very simple and boring it represents an important concept in electronics Two switches like this may be used to turn on a light in your house or they might be two sensors at a railroad crossing used to start the ding ding sound and lower the gate You could also have more than two switches and the circuit would function the same way This AND That Build the circuit shown Notice that if you turn on the slide switch S1 AND press the press switch S2 the LED D1 lights up Once again there is no partially lit state here the LED is either totally on or totally off Two switches like this may be used to turn on the same light in your house the room switch and the master switch in the electrical box You could also have more than two switches and the circuit would function the same way _ Project 34 Neither This NOR That Build the circuit at left and test the combinations of the slide switch S1 and press switch S2 If you compare it to the OR circuit in Project 32 you can see the LED D1 lights in the opposite combinations of that circuit Hence we refer to it as a NOR circuit short for NOT this OR that Like the OR and AND it is an important building block in computers NOT This AND That Build the circuit at left and test the combinations of the slide switch S1 and press s
21. the LED would light This detector can be used to see if materials like plastic wood cloth aluminum or paper are a good conductor or a poor conductor Hi Project 16 Project 17 Red amp White Control Current Controllers Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch S1 the LED D1 will be lit To increase the LED brightness turn on the press switch S2 To decrease the LED brightness turn off the slide switch Turn on the circuit using the slide switch S1 and or the press switch S2 and move the adjustable resistor s RV control lever around to adjust the brightness of the D1 and L4 When the adjustable resistor is set to one side that side will have low resistance and its light turns assuming the switch on that side is ON on while the other is OFF Project 18 Project 19 Touch Light Speaker Static Turn the slide switch S1 on and off several times You hear static from the speaker SP2 when you first turn on the switch but E is moon ihewnee cheer hear nothing after it is left on E WR the LED flickers Tap again ea and the LED may flicker for a longer time See how long the LED will stay on Project 20 Parallel Resistors Turn on either or both switches S1 amp S2 and compare the LED D1 brightness This circuit has the 1009 resistor R1 and 1KQ resistor R2 arranged in parallel You can see that the smaller 100 resistor controls the brig
22. the circuit shown and turn on the slide switch S1 Press the press switch S2 to play a recording followed by a song If you press the press switch before the song is over music will stop Adjust the amount of light on the photoresistor RP to change the volume and alter the tone Wave your fingers over the photoresistor for some cool sound effects FROM THE CIRCUIT MAKER FAMILY OF PRODUCTS Circuit Maker Basic 40 Circuit Maker Skill Builder 125 Model CM 40 Model CM 125 Contains over over 40 unique Contains over 125 unique 17 parts projects 30 parts projects Light Fan All at Once Launcher Dancing Motor Crazy Combo CM 200 Block Layout Important If any parts are missing or damaged DO NOT RETURN TO RETAILER Call toll free 800 533 2441 or e mail us at helo elenco com Customer Service e 150 Carpenter Ave Wheeling IL 60090 U S A Note Acomplete parts list is on pages 3 and 4 in this manual 6 NA Nlo OM R brm O iy R Fal u E n S k z o ta N m gt y a i m H e o
23. this circuit sound like an organ playing Adjustable Tone Generator Turn on the slide switch S1 the speaker SP2 will sound and the LED D1 will light Adjust the adjustable resistor RV to make different tones In an oscillator circuit changing the values of resistors or capacitors can vary the output tone or pitch Project 104 Electronic Cicada Using the circuit from Project 103 replace the photoresistor RP back to the 5 1KQ resistor R3 Place the 0 1uF capacitor C2 on top of the whistle chip WC Turn the slide switch S1 on and adjust the adjustable resistor RV The circuit produces the sound of the cicada insect By placing the 0 1uF capacitor on top of the whistle chip the circuit oscillates at a lower frequency Notice that the LED flashes also at the same frequency It is possible to pick resistors and capacitors that will make the pitch higher than humans can hear Many animals however can hear these tones For example a parakeet can hear tones up to 50 000 cycles per second but a human can only hear to 20 000 48 Project 105 This simple circuit can be used for communication Press the press switch S2 in long and short bursts to make a pattern of light flashes representing Morse Code If you have a strong flashlight or searchlight then you can send messages to friends far away at night During World War II Navy ships sometimes communicated by the dots and dashes sh
24. to imagine a plumbing structure of the same complexity as the circuitry inside a portable radio it would have to be large because we can t make water pipes so small Electricity allows complex designs to be made very small l i ie fed it There are two ways of arranging parts in a Circuit in series or in parallel Here are examples Parallel Circuit Placing components in series increases the resistance highest value dominates Placing components in parallel decreases the resistance lowest value dominates The parts within these series and parallel sub circuits may be arranged in different ways without changing what the circuit does Large circuits are made of combinations of smaller series and parallel circuits DIOc 8 Talo i DIO im kweli lel ifellale m Oil ger elie After building the circuits given in this booklet you may wish to experiment on your own Use the projects in this booklet as a guide as many important design concepts are introduced throughout them Every circuit will include a power source the batteries a resistance which might be a resistor capacitor speaker integrated circuit etc and wiring paths between them and back You musi be careful not to create short circuits very low resistance paths across the batteries see examples at right as this will damage components and or quickly drain your batteries Only connect the ICs using configurations given in the projects incorrectly doing so ma
25. work then replace your batteries and repeat If still bad then the battery holder is damaged 2 Jumper wires Use this mini circuit to test each jumper wire the lamp should light 3 Snap wires Use this mini circuit to test each of the snap wires one at a time The lamp should light 4 Slide switch S1 and press switch S2 Build Project 1 if the lamp L4 doesn t light then the slide switch is bad Replace the slide switch with the press switch to test it 1002 R1 1KQ R2 and 5 1KQ R3 resistors Build Project 10 the red LED should be bright If not then R1 is damaged Next use the 1KQ and 5 1KQ resistors in place of the 100Q2 resistor the LED should be dimmer but still light Microphone X1 and photoresistor RP Build Project 13 if blowing into the microphone does not change the LED D1 brightness then the microphone is bad Replace the microphone with the photoresistor Waving your hand over the photoresistor changing the light that shines on it should change the brightness of the LED or the photoresistor is bad NPN transistor Q2 Build the mini circuit shown here The LED D1 should only be on if the press switch S2 is pressed If otherwise then the NPN is damaged PNP transistor Q1 Build the mini circuit shown here The LED D1 should only be on if the press switch S2 is pressed If otherwise then the PNP is damaged B3 9 10 Recording
26. 2 and Q1 turn on They will remain on until the slide switch S1 is turned off Turn on the slide switch and the LED D1 should not light Now press the press switch S2 and the LED lights Turn the LED off by turning the slide switch off The two transistors act as an electronic device called an SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier A three pin device that once its base is triggered remains on until the current flow through it stops Project 101 Light Controlled SCR Replace resistor R3 with the photoresistor RP The LED D1 will only light when the press switch S2 is pressed and there is enough light on the photoresistor Turn on the slide switch S1 and place your finger over the photoresistor Press the press switch and the LED should not light Remove your finger and press the press switch again the LED should light now Project 102 D As Om Oe Project 103 Photosensitive Electronic Organ Modify the preceding circuit by replacing the 5 1K R3 with the photoresistor RP Turn on the slide switch S1 The speaker SP2 will sound and the LED D1 will light Move your hand up and down over the photoresistor RP and the frequency changes Decreasing the light on the photoresistor increases the resistance and causes the circuit to oscillate at a lower frequency Notice that the LED flashes also at the same frequency as the sound By using your finger see if you can vary the sounds enough to make
27. 3 the Dark Touch Buzzer Remove the photoresistor RP from the preceding circuit and instead touch your fingers across where it used to be points A1 and C1 on the base grid to hear a cute buzzing sound This circuit makes a high frequency screaming sound when light shines on the photoresistor RP and makes a buzzing sound when you shield the photoresistor G Project 134 Project 135 Project 136 High Frequency High Frequency Mosquito Touch Buzzer Water Buzzer Place the photoresistor RP into the circuit in Project 135 across where you were connecting the jumpers points A1 amp C1 on the grid and as shown in Project 132 Now the buzz sounds like a mosquito Now connect two 2 jumper wires to points A1 Now place the lamp L4 across the points amp C1 that you were touching with your fingers Project H1 37 marked A amp B in parallel with the speaker and place the loose ends into a cup of water SP2 Now touching your fingers between A1 amp The sound will not be much different now Loud Mosquito C1 creates a higher frequency sound because your body is mostly water and so the circuit resistance has not changed much Now place the 10uF capacitor C3 side up across the points marked C amp D in parallel with the 0 1uF capacitor C2 Now the sound is much louder _ Project 138 Oscillator Turn on the slide switch S1 Move the lever on the adjustable resis
28. Control Current Controllers Touch Light Speaker Static Parallel Resistors Series Resistors Capacitors in Series Capacitors in Parallel Sound amp Light in Series Parallel Lamps Light Controlled LED Two Transistor Light Alarm The Fuse Sound by Rotary Switch Quiet Zone Game Music in the Light This OR That This AND That Neither This NOR That NOT This AND That Batteries in Series Batteries in Series LED Diode Musical Space War Transistor Direction Another Transistor Direction Simple Rectifier Slow Off Switch Slower Off Switch Current Control Q1 Current Control Q2 Reflection Detector Quiet Reflection Detector Make Your Own Battery Make a Small Battery Make Another Battery Bomb Sound Standard Transistor Circuit Recharge Light Transistor Amplifiers Pressure Meter Resistance Meter NPN Amplifier PNP Amplifier PNP Collector PNP Emitter NPN Collector NPN Emitter NPN Light Control NPN Dark Control PNP Light Control PNP Dark Control Automatic Street Lamp Voice Control Blowing Off the Electric Light Listen to Your Breath Light Alarm Brighter Light Alarm Light Dimmer Auto Off Night Light Discharging Caps Changing Delay Time Two Finger Touch Lamp One Finger Touch Lamp Storing Electricity Lamp Brightness Control Motion Detector LED Motion Detector Whistling Recording IC Two Sound Output Lights On amp Off Delayed Action Lamp Watch Light Adjustable Time Delay Lamp Photo Off Night Light
29. N Q2 circuit above Project 68 Automatic Project 69 Street Lamp Voice Control Turn the slide switch S1 on and there should be no sound The transistor is on so the voltage on U3 is low Blowing on the microphone X1 turns transistor Q2 off the voltage on U3 voltage goes high and the speaker will sounds Press the press switch S2 on and set the adjustable resistor RV so the lamp L4 just lights Slowly cover the photoresistor RP and the lamp brightens If you place more light at the photoresistor the light dims This is an automatic street lamp that you can turn on by a certain darkness and turn off by a certain brightness This type of circuit is installed on many outside lights and forces them to turn off and save electricity They also come on when needed for safety t _ Project 71 _ Listen to pe on wil be oft asiong as you Your Breath blow on the microphone X1 Speaking loud into the mic will change the brightness of the lamp Modify the circuit in the preceding project by replacing the lamp L4 with the speaker SP2 Blow into the microphone and hear it in the speaker Talk directly into the microphone You can hear your voice on the speaker though it may be badly distorted 36 roject 72 ToT m ae 37 Light Alarm Build the circuit with the jumper connected as shown and turn it on Nothing happens Break the
30. Project 10 Light Emitting Diode Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 When you close the slide switch S1 current flows from the batteries through the switch through the resistor through the LED light emitting diode and back to the battery The closed switch completes the circuit The resistor limits the current and prevents damage to the LED NEVER PLACE AN LED DIRECTLY ACROSS THE BATTERY If no resistor is in the circuit the battery may push enough current through the LED to damage the semiconductor that is used to produce the light LEDs are used in all types of electronic equipment to indicate conditions and pass information to the user of that equipment Reverse the position of the LED so the is on the right and turn on the circuit nothing happens Since the LED is in backwards current cannot flow The LED is like a check valve that lets current flow in only one direction Return the LED to the original position in the diagram Can you think of something you use every day that has an LED in it Project 11 Project 12 Dim Light Light Changing Light Use the circuit from Project 10 but replace the 5 1KQ resistor R3 with the photoresistor RP Vary the brightness of the LED by adjusting how much light shines on the photoresistor Use the circuit from Project 10 but replace the 100Q resistor
31. a sound Electronics prefers the term frequency as in when you adjust the frequency on your radio Replace the 5 1K resistor R3 with the photoresistor RP Wave your hand up and down over the photoresistor to change the sound Changing the light on the photoresistor changes the circuit resistance just like varying the adjustable resistance does Note If you have the adjustable resistor RV set to the right and light shining on the photoresistor then you may not get any sound because the total resistance is too low for the circuit to operate 54 _ Project 129 High Pitch Bell Build the circuit shown and press the press switch S2 The circuit starts to oscillate This generates the sound of a high pitch bell Project 130 Steamship Using the preceding circuit connect the 0 1uF capacitor C2 across the whistle chip Press the press switch S2 The circuit now generates the sound of a steamship Project 131 Water Alarm 7 2 3 4 3 OR 3 OE S O Build the circuit and connect the two jumpers to it place the loose ends of the jumpers into an empty cup without them touching each other Press the press switch S2 nothing happens Add some water to the cup and an alarm will sound Add salt to the water and the tone changes You can also test different liquids and see what tone they produce Don t drink any water used here 55 Project 132 Buzzing in Project 13
32. ange the 5 1KQ resistor R3 to the 100 resistor R1 While holding down the press switch S2 move the slider on the adjustable resistor RV around When the slider is near the 100 resistor you won t hear any sound but the circuit is still working This oscillator circuit is making sound waves at a frequency too high for your ears to hear But your dog may hear it because dogs can hear higher frequencies than people can called Morse code For International code a short tone is represented by a and a long tone by a See the chart above for letter or number followed by code _ Project 108 The Lie Detector 7 8 rm P 3 4 Turn on the slide switch S1 and place your finger across points A amp B The speaker SP2 will output a tone and the LED D1 will flash at the same frequency Your finger acts as a conductor connecting points A amp B When a person is lying one thing the body starts to do is sweat The sweat makes the finger a better conductor by reducing its resistance As the resistance drops the frequency of the tone increases Lightly wet your finger and place it across the two points again Both the output tone and LED flashing frequency increase If your finger is wet enough then the lamp will be bright and the sound stops indicating you are a big liar Now change the wetness of your finger by drying it and see how it affects the circuit This is the same principle used in li
33. arger 100uF capacitor C4 is now in parallel with the 10uF and so increases the total capacitance electrical storage capacity and they discharge much slower Note that this is opposite to how resistors in parallel work Project 24 Project 25 Sound amp Light in Series Parallel Lamps Turn on the slide switch S1 and the speaker sounds as the lamp L4 lights The speaker and lamp are in series The transistor is used to increase the voltage on the lamp otherwise it wouldn t light Turn on the slide switch S1 and the LED D1 and lamp L4 light If one of the them is broken then the other will still be on because they are in parallel An example of this is most of the lights in your house if a bulb is broken on one lamp then the other lamps are not affected SPACE WAR IC 2 3 2 Project 26 Project 27 Light Controlled LED Two Transistor Light Alarm Build the circuit with the jumper connected as shown and turn it on Nothing happens Break the jumper connection and the lamp L4 When there is light on the photoresistor RP its resistance is low and the LED D1 will flicker Shield the photoresistor turns on You could replace from the light the LED the jumper with a longer wire and run it across a doorway to signal an alarm when someone enters should turn off 20 _ Project 28 The Fuse Build the circuit shown Pretend the 2 snap wire marked fuse
34. ases The A he L increased resistance lowers the voltage at the base of the NPN transistor 4 A iL Je Q2 This turns off the transistor preventing current flowing through the SI lamp to the negative side of the battery B3 Wave your hand over the photoresistor at different distances The lamp gets brighter the farther away your hand is LED Motion Detector The amount of light changes the resistance of the photoresistor and the current flow to the base of the NPN transistor Q2 The transistor acts like a switch Its base current is supplied through the photoresistor As the base current changes so does the current flow through the LED With no base current the LED goes out Project 84 Project 85 Whistling Recording IC Two Sound Output Use the preceding circuit but replace the 3 snap at base grid locations E6 G6 with the speaker SP2 and place the red LED D1 over the 1002 Build the circuit shown Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the micro phone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps after the 5 seconds expires Press the press switch Project 86 S2 for playback It plays the recording you made followed by one of three songs If you press Lights On amp Off the press switch before the song is over music will stop You may press the press switch several times to play all three song
35. d the circuit at left It uses both jumper wires as permanent connections It also uses two 2 snap wires as shorting bars eodecccccce Setup Player 1 sets the target by placing one shorting bar under the paper on row C D or E Player 2 must NOT know where the shorting bar is located under the paper The object is for Player 2 to guess the location by placing their PERLO shorting bar another 2 snap at positions X Y or Z In the paper to hide a position of drawing on the left Player 1 set up this hole at position E If Player 2 places their shorting bar across Z on the first try then they get a hit They keep guessing until they hit After each hit remove the shorting bars and slide the switch off and on to reset the sound shorting bar Player 2 then sets the C D E side and player 1 tries their luck Play multiple rounds and see who gets the best overall score The winner will be the player who is best at reading their opponent s mind Photo Switcher Shorting Bar for A B C or D L Turn the slide switch S1 on If there is light on the photoresistor RP then the LED D1 turns on Cover the photoresistor to switch off the LED and switch on the lamp L4 70 _ Project 181 Blowing amp Shining Lights Set the adjustable resistor RV lever to middle position and turn on the slide switch S1 Blow on the microphone X1 and cover uncover the photoresistor RP to turn
36. dditional players can play Project 188 Tap Start Recorder Build the circuit shown Tap the case of the red LED D1 for playback It plays the recording you made followed by one of three songs If you tap the case during playback the music stops The lamp L4 and red LED do not light in this project The lamp function as a jumper and the red LED as a diode You can change the recorded message Turn on the slide switch S1 and talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch _ Project 190 Transistor Mic with Speaker Build the circuit shown Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps Use the circuit in Project 189 and replace the 100Q resistor R1 with the speaker SP2 Now the after the 5 seconds expires Press the press switch S2 for playback It plays the recording you made followed by one of three songs The lamp L4 will not light speaker and whistle chip WC will sound as the music plays 74 _ Project 191 Adjustable Volume This circuit uses the variable resistor RV as a volume control Build the circuit and set RV to the middle position As the music plays you can adjust the volume by moving RV control up or down from the center position Project 192 Project 193 Acjustab e Volume Mu
37. drawing add another layer of pencil lead or put a drop of water on the jumper ends to get better contact 63 Recording LED Indicator The circuit uses sound beep and light LED to indicate that you are recording Build the circuit and the red D1 should light Now turn on the Slide switch S1 You hear one beep and the LED turns off Speak into the microphone X1 to record a message When you turn off the slide switch or the circuit beeps twice indicating the recording is finished the red LED turns on again Make sure that the slide switch is turned off Press the press switch S2 to hear your recording followed by a song E Project 164 Two Lights Two Sounds the slide switch S1 the whistle chip WC sounds and D1 and L4 light The whistle chip WC and LED are in parallel To connect the speaker in parallel with the lamp press S2 Now you have two parallel circuits con nected in series Turn on Project 166 Light Controlled LED Time Delay Use the circuit in Project 165 Replace the press switch S2 with the photoresistor RP Turn the LED D1 on and off by waving your hand over the photoresistor E LED Music Press the press switch S2 once The LED lights and music plays for a while Press the press switch again and see how long the second song plays When the second song stops press the press switch S2 again to play the third song Project 167 To
38. e LED will be bright because with a direct connection there is no resistance separating the jumpers Now take the loose ends of the jumpers and place them in a cup of water without letting them touch each other The LED should be dimly lit indicating you have detected water Y MS a a For this experiment your LED brightness may vary depending upon your local water supply Pure water like distilled water has very high resistance but drinking water has impurities mixed in that increase electrical conduction Saltwater Detector Place the jumpers in a cup of water as in the preceding project the LED D1 should be dimly lit Slowly add salt to the water and see how the LED brightness changes mix it a little so it dissolves It will slowly become very bright as you add more salt You can use this bright LED condition as a saltwater detector You can then reduce the LED brightness by adding more water to dilute the salt Take another cup of water and try adding other household substances like sugar to see if they increase the LED brightness as the salt did 66 Project 172 a O 2 MIU cl THIN Y G ot e Playback amp Record with Light Build the circuit shown Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps after the 5 s
39. e detectors that are sold commercially Project 109 Project 110 Clicking Liar Slow Clicking Liar Change the circuit by removing the LED and 4 level 1 snaps and placing APP AEREA eaa EE the 0 1uF capacitor C2 on top of the oe TOUP capacitor C3 whistle chip WC on level 5 L_ Project 112 Photo Whistle Build the circuit shown and press the Mu sic press switch S2 It plays a recording followed by one of three songs Adjust the amount of light on the photoresistor RP to change the volume and alter the tone Wave your fingers over the photoresistor for some cool sound effects Use the preceding circuit Replace You can change the recorded the speaker SP2 with the whistle message Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch Partly covering the photoresistor will reduce the recording quality chip WC and then place the 1002 resistor R1 over it using a 1 snap 50 E Project 113 Whiner Build the circuit turn it on and move the setting on the adjustable resistor RV It makes a loud annoying whine sound The red LED D1 appears to be on but it is actually flashing at a very fast rate _ Project 114 Project 115 Project 116 Hummer Now place the 0 1uF capacitor C2 above the whistle chip WC and vary the adjustable
40. e resistor RV control When the LED D1 becomes bright the lamp L4 will also turn on and will be much brighter PNP Amplifier The PNP transistor Q1 is similar to the NPN transistor Q2 in the preceding project except that the electric currents flow in the opposite directions When a small electric current flows from the emitter to the base a larger amplified current will flow from the emitter to the collector Build the circuit and slowly move up the adjustable resistor RV control When the LED D1 becomes bright the lamp L4 will also turn on and will be much brighter Build the circuit and vary the lamp L4 brightness with the adjustable resistor RV it will be off for most of the resistor s range The point on the PNP Q1 that the lamp is connected to point E3 on the base grid is called the collector hence the name for this project Compare this circuit to that in Project 60 The maximum lamp L4 brightness is less here because the lamp resistance reduces the emitter base current which controls the emitter collector current The point on the PNP Q1 that the lamp is now connected to grid point C3 is called the emitter Project 62 NPN Collector Project 63 NPN Emitter Oy 1 Compare this circuit to that in Project 60 it is the NPN transistor Q2 version and works the same way Which circuit makes the lamp L4 brighter They are about the same because both transis
41. e suitable and safe the instructions should enable supervising adults to establish the Batteries e Use only 1 5V AA type alkaline batteries not included e Insert batteries with correct polarity e Non rechargeable batteries should not be recharged Rechargeable batteries should only be charged under adult supervision and should not be recharged while in the product e Do not mix old and new batteries e Remove batteries when they are used up 10 11 12 77 78 Conforms to all applicable U S government requirements experiment s suitability for the child Make sure your child reads and follows all of the relevant instructions and safety procedures and keeps them at hand for reference This product is intended for use by adults and children who have attained sufficient maturity to read and follow directions and warnings Never modify your parts as doing so may disable important safety features in them and could put your child at risk of injury e Do not connect batteries or battery holders in parallel e Do not mix alkaline standard carbon zinc or rechargeable nickel cadmium batteries e Do not short circuit the battery terminals e Never throw batteries in a fire or attempt to open its outer casing e Batteries are harmful if swallowed so keep away from small children How to Use Circuit Maker Sound Plus 200 Circuit Maker Sound Plus 200 uses building blocks with
42. econds expires Press the press switch S2 for playback It plays the recording you made followed by one of three songs If you press the press switch before the song is over music will stop You may press the press switch several times to play all three songs The lamp will light while the music plays though it may not be very bright Project 173 Photo Music Build the circuit shown and press the press switch S2 It plays a recording followed by one of three songs Adjust the amount of light on the photoresistor RP to change the volume and alter the tone Wave your fingers over the photoresistor for some cool sound effects You may press the press switch several times to play three songs The lamp L4 is used to limit the current and will not light You can change the recorded message Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps after the 5 seconds expires _ Project 174 Sliding Music Build the circuit shown and press the press switch S2 It plays a recording followed by one of three songs Move the slider on the adjustable resistor RV around to change the volume and for some sound effects You may press the press switch several times to play three songs The lamp is used to limit the current and will not light You can change the recorded message Turn on the slide swi
43. es the LED bright while pressing very gently makes it dim or even flash This is due to what technicians call contact resistance Even switches made to turn your lights on and off have some resistance in them When large currents flow this resistance will drop the voltage and produce the undesirable side effect of heat Project 57 Resistance Meter Use the circuit from Project 55 shown above When you placed your fingers across the two snaps marked X amp Y you noticed the LED D1 came on in Project 55 In this project you will place different resistors across R amp Z and see how bright the LED glows Do not snap them in just press them up against the snaps labeled R amp Z in the diagram above First place the 100K resistor R5 across the R amp Z snaps and note the brightness of the LED Next press the 5 1kQ resistor R3 across R amp Z Notice how the LED gets brighter when the resistance is less This is because the NPN amplifier Q2 gets more current at its input when the resistance is lower The PNP amplifier Q1 is not used in this test 32 33 Project 58 NPN Amplifier There are three connection points on an NPN transistor Q2 called base marked B emitter marked E and collector marked C When a small electric current flows from the base to the emitter a larger amplified current will flow from the collector to the emitter Build the circuit and slowly move up the adjustabl
44. esired frequency 38 _ Project 78 Two Finger Touch Lamp Build the circuit on the left You re probably wondering how it can work since one of the points on the NPN transistor Q2 is unconnected It can t but there is another component that isn t shown That component iS YOU Touch points X amp Y with your fingers The LED D1 may be dimly lit The problem is your fingers aren t making a good enough electrical contact with the metal Wet your fingers with water or saliva and touch the points again The LED should be very bright now Think of this circuit as a touch lamp since when you touch it the LED lights You may have seen such a lamp in the store or already have one in your home One Finger Touch Lamp The touch lamps you see in stores only need to be touched by one finger to light not two So let s see if we can improve the last circuit to only need one finger Build the new circuit note that near point X there is a 2 Ssnap wire that is only mounted on one side swing it so the plastic touches point X Wet a large area of one of your fingers and touch it to both metal contacts at point X at the same time the LED D1 lights To make it easier for one finger to touch the two contacts touch lamps or other touch devices will have the metal contacts interweaved as shown below and will also be more sensitive so that you don t have to wet your finger to make good contact 39 Project 80 Stori
45. etup Player 1 sets the Quiet Zone by placing three 3 shorting bars under the paper on row A B C or D leaving only one open Player 2 must NOT know where the shorting bars are located under the paper Sheet of paper to hide position of shorting bar Both Player 1 and Player 2 are given 10 points The object is for Player 2 to guess the location of the Quiet Zone by placing their shorting bar at positions W X Y or Z In the drawing on the left Player 1 sets up the Quiet Zone at position C If Player 2 places their shorting bar across Z on the first try the sounds played mean they have not found the Quiet Zone and they lose 1 point They have 4 tries to find the zone on each turn Each time sounds are made they lose a point Shorting Bar for A B C or D Player 2 then sets the A B C D side and Player 1 starts searching Play continues until one player is at zero points and makes sound during that player s turn Music in the Light Press the press switch S2 to play a recording followed by a song If you press the press switch before the song is over music will stop Adjust the amount of light on the photoresistor RP to change the volume and alter the tone Wave your fingers over the photoresistor for some cool sound effects 22 23 Project 32 This OR That Build the circuit shown Notice that if you turn on the slide switch S1 OR press the press switch S2
46. first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 Numbers Install three 3 AA batteries not included into the battery holder B3 m Turn on the slide switch S1 the lamp L4 lights Build the circuit shown on the left which uses the space war integrated circuit U3 Activate it by flipping the slide switch S1 or pressing the press switch S2 do both several times and in combination You will hear an exciting range of sounds as if a space war is raging Placement Level Numbers Project 3 Electronic Playground Circuit Maker Sound Plus 200 uses electronic blocks that snap onto a clear plastic grid to build different circuits These blocks have different colors and numbers on them so that you can easily identify them Build the circuit shown above by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 Then assemble parts marked with a 3 Install three 3 AA batteries not included into the battery holder B3 If there is light on the photoresistor RP then you will hear a bomb sound Move the lever on the adjustable resistor RV to adjust the volume 13 aA I ne Le aye ar i Num Push the press switch S2 to play a recorded message followed by music press it again to stop the music Move the lever on the adjustable resistor to adjust the volume Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin
47. ghted Doorbell Use the preceding circuit but replace the 1KQ resistor R2 with the 5 1KQ resistor R3 and lamp L4 with the red LED D1 with on left Press and release the press switch S2 It makes a one and lights the LED for a few seconds 58 Light Oscillator Set the adjustable resistor RV to the middle position and then turn on the slide switch S1 Wave your hand over the photoresistor RP and the sound changes You can adjust the sensitivity by moving the Project 149 OTF 3 an fo aY adjustable resistor to a different position Project 150 Another Light Oscillator Change the whistle chip WC to the 0 1uF capacitor C2 and see how the sound changes Sound amp Light Stepper Circuit Set the adjustable resistor RV to the far left and turn on the slide switch S1 The circuit produces around two pulses per second which power the speaker SP2 lamp L4 and LED D1 Increase the rate by moving the adjustable resistor to the right L Project 152 Another Light Oscillator Change the 10uF capacitor C3 to the 100uF C4 and see how the time changes L Project 153 Transistor Power Project 154 i Transistor 7 4 fo 6 Set the adjustable resistor RV Power I I to the top position turn the slide switch S1 on and the speaker SP2 sounds Slowly adjust the HE jar zi a S OOA OP o CESA e na
48. his was done to simplify the connections you need to make to use them The descriptions for these modules are given here for those interested see the projects for connection examples Space War IC Connections power from batteries power return to batteries OUT output connection IN1 IN2 control inputs Connect each control input to power to sequence through 8 sounds IN1 IN2 Recording IC Module Mic Connections a power from batteries A power return to batteries RC record RECORDINGIC Play play Mic amp OUT OUT output connection Mic microphone input Mic microphone input S E See Project 4 for example of d proper connections Play RC 6 What is electricity Nobody really knows We only know how to produce it understand its properties and how to control it Electricity is the movement of sub atomic charged particles called electrons through a material due to electrical pressure across the material such as from a battery Power sources such as batteries push electricity through a circuit like a pump pushes water through pipes Wires carry electricity like pipes carry water Devices like LEDs motors and speakers use the energy in electricity to do things Switches and transistors control the flow of electricity like valves and faucets control water Resistors limit the flow of electricity The electrical pressure exe
49. htness in this arrangement Turn on the slide switch S1 then press and release the press switch S2 The LED D1 becomes bright when the 100uF capacitor C4 charges up with the press switch on then the LED slowly gets dim after you release the press switch Now turn off the slide switch Repeat the test with the slide switch off you ll notice the LED goes out much faster after you release the press switch The much smaller 10uF capacitor C3 is now in series with the 100uF and so reduces the total Capacitance electrical storage capacity and they discharge much faster Note that this is opposite to how resistors in series work 19 Project 21 Series Resistors Turn on either or both switches S1 amp S2 and compare the LED D1 brightness This circuit has the 100 resistor R1 the 1KQ resistor R2 and the photoresistor RP arranged in series You can see that the larger photoresistor controls the brightness in this arrangement the resistance of the photoresistor will be much higher than the others unless the light is very bright Turn off the slide switch S1 then press and release the press switch S2 The LED D1 becomes bright when the 10uF capacitor C3 charges up with the press switch on then the LED slowly gets dim after you release the press switch Now turn on the slide switch and repeat the test you ll notice the LED goes out much slower after you release the press switch The much l
50. jumper connection and the light turns on You could replace the jumper with a longer wire and run it across a doorway to signal an alarm when someone enters transistor Light Dimmer LED gradually brightens Project 73 Brighter Light Alarm Modify the circuit in the preceding project by replacing the LED D1 with the 4 5V lamp L4 and replacing the 5 1KQ resistor R3 with the 100Q resistor R1 It works the same way but is brighter now Press the press switch S2 to complete the current s path flow You might expect the LED D1 to light instantly but it doesn t The charging current flows into the 100uF capacitor C4 first As the capacitor charges the charging current decreases input current to the PNP transistor Q1 increases So current begins to flow to the LED and the Now release the press switch The capacitor begins to discharge sending input current to the transistor As the capacitor discharges the input current reduces to zero and gradually turns off the LED and the Project 75 Project 76 Discharging Caps Use the circuit from Project 75 shown above When you first turned on the slide switch 1 in Project 75 the LED D1 came on and very slowly got dimmer and dimmer When you turned the slide switch S1 off and back on after the light went out it did NOT come on again The 100uF capacitor C4 was charged and everything stopped This time turn the slide switch off Then
51. left and connect the speaker SP2 using the two 2 jumper wires Then lay the speaker on a flat hard surface Setup Use some paper and scissors to cut out a rectangular pattern Use the one shown below as a guide Use colored paper if available Fold at the points shown Scotch tape the corners so the tray has no cracks at the corners Place the tray over the speaker and sprinkle a small amount of white table salt in the tray There should be enough salt to cover the bottom with a little space between each salt grain Paper tray Sound Magic Turn on the circuit by turning on the slide switch S1 Adjust the adjustable resistor RV for different pitches and watch the salt particles Particles that bounce high are directly over the vibrating paper and ones that do not move are in the nodes where the paper is not vibrating Eventually all the salt will move to the areas that have no vibration and stay there Change the position of the tray and the material used to create different patterns due to the sound Try sugar and coffee creamer for example to see if they move Project 128 Photo Pitch eee eee Build the circuit on the left turn it on and vary the adjustable resistor RV The frequency or pitch of the sound is changed Pitch is the musical profession s word for frequency If you ve had music lessons you may remember the music scale using chords such as A3 F5 and D2 to express the pitch of
52. mit current and Project 7 Water Alarm Use the circuit in Project 4 Make a new recording warning that you detected water Remove the press switch S2 and connect the ends of the red and black jumper wires where it had been Place the other ends of the jumper wires into a cup of water to activate your alarm 14 Fun with Sounds Uncover the photoresistor RP to play a recorded message followed by music cover it to stop the music Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps after the 5 seconds expires Push the press switch S2 several times to make space war sounds The red LED D1 lights when there is sound The lamp L4 will not light Playground Uncover the photoresistor RP to play a recorded message followed by music cover it to stop the music Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps after the 5 seconds expires Set the lever on the adjustable resistor RV to the right Push and release the press switch S2 the red LED D1 lights but doesn t goes out instantly The lamp L4 will not light If you swap the resistors R1 and R3 then the lamp will light but the recording quality will be worse
53. ng Electricity Turn the slide switch S1 on and connect points A amp B with a 2 snap wire The red LED D1 will flash and the 100uF capacitor C4 will be charged with electricity The electricity is now stored in the capacitor Disconnect points A amp B Connect points B amp C and there will be a flash from the 4 5V lamp L4 Lamp Brightness Control Here is a combination with two transistors This combination increases the amplifying power By changing the resistance the current at the base of the transistor is also changed With this amplifying ability of the combination there is a greater change of current to the 4 5V lamp L4 This changes the brightness 40 Project 82 Motion Detector 2 7 8 A SRP gar FB Place this circuit near a bright light Turn the slide switch S1 on and O 2 OE S O move the adjustable resistor RV control all the way up The brightness TO Ee 1 of the lamp L4 is at maximum Now move the adjustable resistor N control down until the lamp goes out Set the control up a little and the E p Q lamp lights dimly B Ko awe lt 7 8 vif Move your hand from side to side over the photoresistor RP As your AW eye i hand blocks the light the lamp goes out 2 Q2 Wave your hand over the photoresistor RP and the lamp turns off and on The resistance changes as the amount of light strikes the Be photoresistor As the light decreases the resistance incre
54. one sound generated from the space war IC U3 30 Project 53 Standard Transistor Circuit Turn on the slide switch S1 and move the adjustable resistor RV control lever across its range When the lever is all the way down the LED D1 will be off as you move the lever up it will come on and reach full brightness Press the press switch S2 and the lamp L4 will be on for a few moments Wait 5 10 seconds before pressing the switch again or nothing will happen 31 Project 55 Transistor Amplifiers When you place one or more fingers across the two snaps marked X amp Y you will notice the LED D1 turns on The two transistors are being used to amplify the very tiny current going through your body to turn on the LED Transistors are actually electrical current amplifiers The PNP transistor Q1 has the arrow pointing into the transistor body The NPN transistor Q2 has the arrow pointing out of the transistor body The PNP amplifies the current from your fingers first then the NPN amplifies it more to turn on the LED Project 56 Pressure Meter Use the circuit from Project 55 shown above When you placed your fingers across the two snaps marked X amp Y you noticed the LED D1 came on in Project 55 Repeat this process but this time press very lightly on the two snaps marked X amp Y Notice how the brightness of the LED is dependent on the amount of pressure you use Pressing hard mak
55. ound changes If you keep the photoresistor covered then the sound will stop Press the press switch S2 and you will hear music in addition to any space war sounds that are playing Press the press switch again to change the music You will also hear any recording you had made previously with other projects 26 Project 40 _ Project 41 Transistor Direction Another Transistor The press switch S2 controls the D a t 7 NPN transistor Q2 and can turn Irec ion on the lamp The slide switch WET N S1 however cannot control the PNP transistor Q1 and so cannot turn on the lamp This circuit is similar to the preceding one except for the way the transistors are connected Now the press switch S2 cannot control the NPN transistor Q2 and so cannot turn on the lamp The slide switch S1 however can control the PNP transistor Q1 and so does turn on the lamp Project 42 Simple Rectifier Turn on the slide switch S1 and the LED D1 lights it will not be very bright so turn off the room lights or hold your fingers around it to see it better Press the press switch S2 several times very slowly the LED and lamp L4 go on and off Press the press switch many times quickly the lamp still goes on and off but the LED stays on Next remove the 100uF capacitor C4 from the circuit the LED goes on and off now Why Pressing the switch quickly simulates a changing voltage which turns
56. ove the end of the red wire to touch the right contact point in the holder as shown in Part B The red LED is just about as bright because 2 batteries 3V total give it enough voltage to work properly Now also remove the center battery from the holder and move the end of the red wire to touch the center contact point in the holder as shown in Part C The red LED is dim Compare how the LED works here to how the lamp worked in the preceding project Project 38 Diode Diodes are electronic components that allow current to flow in only one direction blocking it in the other The red LED D1 are special diodes that can emit light and the transistors Q1 amp Q2 can also be used as diodes Turn on the slide switch S1 the lamp L4 will be bright and the LED D1 will be lit The NPN transistor Q2 is used here as a diode allowing the batteries to charge up the 100uF capacitor C4 and light the LED Turn off the slide switch the lamp will go dark immediately but the LED will stay lit for a few moments as capacitor C4 discharges through it The transistor diode isolates the capacitor from the lamp if you bypass the transistor by placing a 3 snap wire over it on level 4 across base grid locations B2 B4 then the lamp will drain the capacitor almost instantly Musical Space War Turn on the slide switch S1 and you hear space war sounds as the LED D1 flashes If you wave your hand over the photoresistor RP the s
57. own in the Morse Code table shown You can use Morse Code and this circuit to send secret messages to some friends in the room without others knowing what you re saying flashing Morse Code messages between ships using searchlights because radio transmissions might reveal their presence to the enemy Years ago Indians would send messages to other tribes using smoke signals and a special code Morse Code The forerunner of today s telephone system was the telegraph which was widely used in the latter half of the 19th century It only had two states on or off that is transmitting or not transmitting and could not send the range of frequencies contained in human voices or music A code was developed to send information over long distances using this system and a sequence of dots and dashes short or long transmit bursts It was named Morse Code after its inventor It was also used extensively in the early days of radio communications though it isn t in wide use today lt is sometimes referred to in Hollywood movies especially Westerns MORSE CODE Period Comma Question lt Z TAS amp TTOTMMVOWS N lt xs lt CHHDOVOZ OOONOAKRWN Dog Whistle Build the circuit and set the adjustable resistor RV control lever to the left When you press down on the press switch S2 you will here a tone By pressing and releasing the press switch you can generate long and short tones Use the preceding circuit but ch
58. press the press switch S2 for a moment to discharge the 100uF capacitor Now when you turn the slide switch back on the delay repeats Shorting a capacitor with a low resistance will allow the charges on the capacitor to leave through the resistance In this case the low resistance was the press switch E Auto Off Night Light When you turn on the slide switch S1 the first time the LED D1 will come on and very slowly get dimmer and dimmer If you turn the slide switch S1 off and back on after the light goes out it will NOT come on again The 100uF capacitor C4 has charged up and the NPN transistor amplifier Q2 can get no current at its input to turn it on This circuit would make a good night light It would allow you to get into bed and then it would go out No further current is taken from the battery so it will not drain the batteries B3 even if left on all night Project 77 Changing Delay Time Use the circuit from Project 75 shown above Change the 100uF capacitor C4 to the 10uF capacitor C3 Make sure the capacitor C3 is fully discharged by pressing the press switch S2 before closing the on off slide switch S1 When slide switch is turned on notice how much quicker the LED D1 goes out Since 10uF is smaller than 100uF the LED will go out faster The bigger the capacitor the longer the delay In electronics capacitors are used in every piece of equipment to delay signals or tune circuits to a d
59. rid is included with this kit to help keep the circuit blocks properly spaced You will see evenly spaced posts that the different blocks snap into The base has rows labeled A G and columns labeled 1 10 Next to each part in every circuit drawing is a small number in black This tells you which level the component is placed at Place all parts on level 1 first then all of the parts on level 2 then all of the parts on level 3 etc Parts List Colors and styles may vary Symbols and Numbers 0 0 0 IN E Q E E E D ejojojojojeoje N ooh ook ok Base Grid 11 0 x 7 7 Battery Holder uses 3 1 5V type AA not included i A HKO d Oi AOA A Part 6SCBG 6SC01 6SC02 6SC03 6SC04 6SC05 6SC06 6SCB3 E E E E E s h h ej e jejejeje 0 1uF Capacitor 10uF Capacitor 100uF Capacitor Red Light Emitting Diode LED Jumper Wire Black Jumper Wire Red PNP Transistor 4 aH T i he a k A y i r Part 6SCC2 6SCC3 6SCC4 6SCD1 6SCJ1 6SCJ2 6SCL4 6SCQ1 Parts List Colors and styles may vary Symbols and Numbers E E E E fafafa fejefe Q ID Adjustable Resistor Part Qty 6SCQ2 Space War Integrated Circuit IC Recording Integrated Circuit IC Symbol Part
60. rted by a battery or other power source is called voltage and is measured in volts V Notice the and signs on the battery these indicate which direction the battery will pump the electricity The electric current is a measure of how fast electricity is flowing in a wire just as the water current describes how fast water is flowing in a pipe It is expressed in amperes A or milliamps mA 1 1 000 of an ampere The power of electricity is a measure of how fast energy is moving through a wire It is a combination of the voltage and current Power Voltage x Current It is expressed in watts W The resistance of a component or circuit represents how much it resists the electrical pressure voltage and limits the flow of electric current The relationship is Voltage Current x Resistance When the resistance increases less current flows Resistance is measured in ohms Q or kilo ohms kQ 1 000 ohms Nearly all of the electricity used in our world is produced at enormous generators driven by steam or water pressure Wires are used to efficiently transport this energy to homes and businesses where it is used Motors convert the electricity back into mechanical form to drive machinery and appliances The most important aspect of electricity in our society is that it allows energy to be easily transported over distances Note that distances includes not just large distances but also tiny distances Try
61. s resistor R1 It will be across base grid locations A6 C6 on level 4 with its side on top at A6 Use the preceding circuit but place the red LED D1 over the NPN transistor It will be across base grid locations C6 E6 on level 4 Delayed Action Lamp Turn on the slide switch S1 and press the press switch S2 The lamp L4 turns on slowly but stays on for a while after you release the press switch 42 Project 88 Watch Light Turn on the switch and press the press switch S2 The lamp L4 stays on for a few seconds after you release the press switch A miniature version of a circuit like this might be in your wristwatch when you press a light button on the watch to read the time in the dark a light comes on but automatically turns off after a few seconds to avoid draining the battery lt I Project 89 Adjustable 3 a Time Delay Lamp 1 2 Turn on the switch and press the press switch S2 The lamp L4 stays on for a few seconds after you release the press switch You can change the delay time with the adjustable resistor RV 43 Project 90 Photo Off Night Light Cover the photoresistor RP and turn on the slide switch S1 The LED D1 is bright but it will very slowly get dimmer and dimmer as the 100uF capacitor C4 charges up If you turn the slide switch off and back on after the light goes out it will NOT come on again Press the press switch
62. s Blink amp Beep Blink amp Beep Il Electricity You Can Wear Electricity in Your Hair Bending Water Static Tricks Recording LED Indicator Pencil Alarm Two Light Two Sounds LED Music Light Controlled LED Time Delay Touch Controlled LED Time Delay Music AND Gate Music OR Gate Water Detector Saltwater Detector Playback amp Record with Light Photo Music Sliding Music Synchronized Flasher Slow Light Switcher Space Battle Space Battle II Electronic Bombing Game Photo Switcher Blowing amp Shining Lights Adjustable Blowing Sound Tunable Oscillator High Low Oscillator Recording IC Whistle Recording Mind Reading Game Tap Start Recorder Transistor Mic Transistor Mic with Speaker Adjustable Volume Adjustable Volume Music Adjustable Volume with Light Audio Amplifier Whistling Sound Amplifier Whistle Amplifier Blowing Audio Amplifier Photo Audio Amplifier Photo Whistle Amplifier Air Audio Amplifier Red LED Audio Amplifier Whistle Chip Audio Amplifier Photo Powered Music _ Project 1 Electric Light amp Switch Circuit Maker Sound Plus 200 uses electronic blocks that snap onto a TACE 2 9 clear plastic grid to build different circuits These blocks have different is colors and numbers on them so that you can easily identify them Placement _ L Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 Level L A d Io a9 next to them on the board
63. scillation circuits This kit includes 0 1uF C2 10uF C3 and 100uF C4 capacitors The whistle chip WC also acts like a 0 02uF capacitor in addition to its sound properties Capacitors C2 C3 amp C4 MICROPHONE The microphone X1 is actually a resistor that changes in value when changes in air pressure sounds apply pressure to its surface Cr Spon Microphone X1 At LAMP A light bulb such as in the 4 5V lamp L4 contains a special thin high resistance wire When a lot of electricity flows through this wire gets so hot it glows bright Voltages above the bulb s rating can burn out the wire nA OG Lamp L4 The speaker SP2 converts electricity into sound by making mechanical vibrations These vibrations create variations in air pressure which travel across the room You hear sound when your ears feel these air pressure vari ations A Speaker SP2 a LED The red LED D1 is a light emitting diode and may be thought of as a special one way light bulb In the forward direction indicated by the arrow in the symbol electricity flows if the voltage exceeds a turn on threshold about 1 5V brightness then increases A high current will burn out an LED so the current must be limited by a ae other components in ae 2 fo De N the circuit LEDs gt block electricity in the reverse direction LED D1
64. sic Adjustable Volume with Light aT par og This circuit uses the variable resistor RV as a volume control Build the circuit and set RV to the middle position Use the circuit in Project 192 and place the lamp L4 across the PNP transistor Q1 using a 1 snap across base grid locations B8 D8 level 4 As the music plays you can adjust the volume by moving RV control up or down from the center position When the recording IC U6 is playing the lamp should be off and then turn on when the music stops Project 194 Audio Amplifier Project 195 Whistling Sound Amplifier Using the circuit in Project 194 Replace the speaker SP2 with the whistle chip WC then place the 100Q resistor R1 across the whistle Build this audio amplifier circuit shown Set the slide switch S1 on and talk or blow into the microphone X1 You should hear your voice Project H1 96 on the speaker SP2 m gnm Your voice will not be Whistle Amplifier very loud Control the a c d volume by adjusting the 00 us RV control chip Now you will hear the sound through the whistle chip Using the circuit in Project 194 replace the microphone X1 with the whistle chip WC Set the adjustable resistor RV control to the bottom and tap or blow on the whistle chip ropet 197 Blowing Audio Amplifier L Project 198 Photo Audio Amplifier Using the circuit in Project 197 replace the
65. sistor 29 Project 49 Make Your Own Project 50 Battery Build the circuit then connect points Y amp Z use a 2 snap Project 51 Make Another Battery Place the 100uF capacitor C4 back into the circuit Now replace the 1KQ resistor R2 with the 100Q resistor R1 and try it The LED D1 gets brighter but goes out faster because less resistance allows the stored electricity to dissipate faster You can also change the resistor to the 5 1KQ resistor R3 The LED will be dimmer but stay on longer wire fora moment Nothing appears to happen but you just filled up the 100uF capacitor C4 with electricity Now disconnect Y amp Z and instead touch a connection between X amp Y The red LED D1 will be lit and then go out after a few seconds as the electricity you stored in it is discharged through the LED and resistor R2 Make a Small Battery In the preceding circuit replace the 100uF capacitor C4 with the 10uF capacitor C3 and repeat the test You see that the LED D1 only lights for a moment because the 10uF capacitor does not store as much electricity as the 100uF The 0 1uF capacitor C2 stores very little electricity so if you replace the 10uF capacitor with it then the LED will not light at all Bomb Sound Turn the switch S1 on and you hear the sound of a bomb dropping and then exploding The LED D1 lights and then flashes as the bomb explodes This is
66. snaps to build the different electrical and electronic circuits in the projects Each block has a function there are switch blocks light blocks battery blocks different length wire blocks etc These blocks are different colors and have numbers on them so that you can easily identify them The blocks you will be using are shown as color symbols with level numbers next to them allowing you to easily snap them together to form a circuit For Example This is the switch block which is green and has the marking 62 on it The part symbols in this booklet may not exactly match the appearance of the actual parts but will clearly identify them This is a wire block which is blue and comes in different wire lengths This one has the number 4 or 6 on it depending on the length of the wire connection required 2 There is also a 1 Snap wire that is used as a spacer or for interconnection between different layers You need a power source to build each circuit This is labeled 63 and requires three 3 1 5V AA batteries not included m i Some circuits use the jumper wires to make unusual connections Just clip them to the metal snaps or as indicated Note While building the projects be careful not to accidentally make a direct connection across the battery holder a short circuit as this may damage and or quickly drain the batteries A large clear plastic base g
67. stor and the red LED D1 were inside the mailbox facing each other then if there were mail the light would be blocked from the photoresistor and the lamp would turn on Build the circuit on the left note that there is a 4 snap Lasting Doorbell wire on layer 1 that is not connected to a 3 snap wire that runs over it on layer 3 Turn on the slide switch S1 then press and release the press switch S2 There is a doorbell sound that slowly fades away When the press switch is pressed the transistors Q1 Q2 are supplied with current for oscillation At the same time the 100uF capacitor C4 is being charged When the press switch is released the capacitor discharges and keeps the oscillation going for a while Lamp amp Sound You can replace the 0 1uF capacitor C2 with the whistle chip WC to add sound Project 144 Mail Notifying Mode Change Using a 1 snap place the speaker SP2 at across locations E2 G6 When the lamp turns off the speaker will sound briefly Project 146 Lasting Clicking Place the 10uF capacitor C3 on top of the whistle chip WC Press and release the press switch S2 It makes a clicking sound that repeats for a while _ Project 147 Shorter Doorbell Use the Project 145 circuit but replace the 100uF capacitor C4 with the 10uF capacitor C3 Press and release the press switch S2 It makes a tone that lasts a few seconds _ Project 148 Li
68. tch 1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps after the 5 seconds expires Synchronized Flasher Turn on the slide switch S1 and slowly move the lever on the adjustable resistor RV until both the lamp L4 and LED D1 are flashing They will only flash together over a narrow range of the lever setting Replace the red LED D1 with the whistle chip WC and readjust the adjustable resistor until the whistle chip clicks and the lamp lights 68 _ Project 176 Slow Light Switcher 3 Turn the slide switch S1 on Set the adjustable resistor RV so that the lamp L4 is on when there is light on the photoresistor RP and the LED D1 is on when you cover the photoresistor When you cover or uncover the photoresistor the lamp amp LED take a few seconds to switch on or off Project 178 Space Battle II Build the circuit shown on the left Activate the circuit by turning on the slide switch S1 or pressing the press switch S2 do both several times and in combination You will Replace the slide switch S1 with the hear exciting sounds and see photoresistor RP Now covering and flashing lights as if a space battle is uncovering the photoresistor will change raging the sound _ _ _ 179 Electronic Bombing py a Shorting Bar for G ame X Y orz Buil
69. the electrical outlets in your home in any way Warning to Circuit Maker owners Do not connect additional voltage sources from other sets or you may damage your parts Contact ELENCO if you have questions or need guidance Examples of SHORT CIRCUITS NEVER DO THESE Placing a 3 snap wire directly across the batteries is a SHORT CIRCUIT NEVER DO This is also a SHORT CIRCUIT When the slide switch S1 is turned on this large circuit has a SHORT CIRCUIT path as shown by the arrows The short circuit prevents any other portions of the circuit from ever working ELENCO is not responsible for parts damaged due to incorrect wiring If you suspect you have damaged parts you can follow this procedure to systematically determine which ones need replacing Note Some of these tests connect an LED directly across the batteries without another component to limit the current Normally this might damage the LED however Circuit Maker LEDs have internal resistors added to protect them from incorrect wiring and will not be damaged 1 Red LED D1 4 5V lamp L4 speaker SP2 and battery holder B3 Place batteries in holder Place the red LED directly across the battery holder LED to battery it should light Place the 4 5V lamp directly across the battery holder it should light Tap the speaker across the battery holder contacts you should hear static as it touches If none
70. the engine sound in auto racing video games 52 53 Project 120 Tone Generator _ Project 121 _ Project 122 Tone Tone Generator II Generator Ill Place the 0 1uF capacitor C2 on Now replace the 0 1uF C2 with top of the whistle chip WC in the the much larger 10uF capacitor preceding circuit you hear a C3 orient with the positive lower frequency sound Why side towards the left the circuit just The whistle chip is used here as clicks about once a second There a capacitor and by placing the isn t a constant tone anymore due 0 1uF on top in parallel we have to other transistor properties You increased the capacitance and need a different type of circuit to doing so lowers the frequency create very low frequency tones More Tone Generator Build the circuit as the name suggests this circuit is similar to that in Project 120 Turn it on you hear a middle frequency sound _ Project 124 _ Project 125 More Tone More Tone Generator II Generator III Place the 0 1uF capacitor C2 on top of the whistle chip WC The Now place the 10uF capacitor sound is different now because C3 side up on top of the the added capacitance has lowered the frequency The LED appear to be on but are actually blinking at a very fast rate whistle chip WC You hear a clicking sound as the LEDs blink about once a second Build the circuit shown on the
71. the lamps L4 and LED D1 on and off Move the lever on the adjustable resistor around to adjust the sensitivity Adjustable Blowing Sound Turn on the slide switch S1 Blow into the microphone X1 and you hear static from the speaker SP2 The adjustable resistor RV setting and the amount of light on the photoresistor RP change the sensitivity The red LED D1 is also controlled by the photoresistor Turn on the slide switch S1 and slowly move the adjustable resistor RV control lever until the red LED D1 is flashing The speaker SP2 will also make a clicking sound The lamp L4 will not light You can remove the speaker if you don t like the clicking sound Recording IC Build the circuit shown Turn on the slide switch S1 you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording Talk into the microphone X1 up to 5 seconds and then turn off the slide switch it also beeps after the 5 seconds expires Press the press switch S2 for playback It plays the recording you made followed by one of three songs If you press the press switch before the song is over music will stop You may press the press switch several times to play all three songs L Project 183 Tunable Oscillator _ Project 184 High Low Oscillator Use the Project 183 replace the capacitor C3 with C2 and the frequency should be higher Replace the 5 1KQ resistor R3 with the photoresistor
72. tick to a wall Cut the paper into two long strips rub them then hang them next to each other See if they attract or repel each other Project 160 If you have two balloons rub them to a sweater and then hang the rubbed sides next to each other They repel away You could also use the balloons to pick up tiny pieces of paper Note This project works best on a cold dry day If the weather is humid the water vapor in the air allows the static electric charge to dissipate and this project may not work Bending Water You need a comb or plastic ruler and a water faucet for this project Run the comb through your hair several times then hold it next to a slow thin stream of water from a faucet The water will bend towards it You can also use a plastic ruler Rub it on your clothes wool works best Rubbing the comb through your hair builds up a static electrical charge on it which attracts the water Note This project works best on a cold dry day If the weather is humid the water vapor in the air allows the static electric charge to dissipate and this project may not work Static Tricks Electricity vs Gravity Electricity is immensely more powerful than gravity gravity is what causes things to fall to the ground when you drop them However electrical attraction is so completely balanced out that you don t notice it while gravity s effects are always apparent because they are not balanced
73. tor RV until the LED D1 is blinking Adjust RV to see how fast and how slow you can make the LED blink The LED may blink so fast that it looks like itis on all of the time Project 139 Pulse Oscillator Use the circuit from Project 138 Connect a 1 snap to E5 and G5 and then connect the speaker SP2 across the LED on level 4 Turn the slide switch S1 on and move the lever on the adjustable resistor RV until you can hear the oscillator on the speaker SP2 The sound will not be very loud and you will not hear sounds at all settings of the adjustable resistor Project 140 Whistle Oscillator Flasher Turn on the slide switch 1 and slowly move the lever on the adjustable resistor RV until both the lamp L4 and LED D1 are flashing They will only flash together over a narrow range of the lever setting Modify the preceding circuit by replacing the speaker SP2 with the whistle chip WC The sound may not be very loud 57 _ Project 142 O Project 143 Mail Notifying cia Lamp Mail Notifying Electronic 1 2 3 4 5 6 Project 145 Turn on the slide switch S1 If there is enough light on the photoresistor RP the lamp L4 will not light Place your finger over the photoresistor and now the lamp lights The lamp will stay on until you turn off the slide switch A simple mail notifying system can be made using this circuit If the photoresi
74. tors are made from the same materials Compare this circuit to that in Project 61 It is the NPN transistor Q2 version and works the same way The same principles apply here as in Projects 60 62 so you should expect it to be less bright than Project 62 but as bright as Project 61 34 Project 64 Project 65 NPN Light Control NPN Dark Control Turn on the slide switch 1 the brightness of the LED D1 depends on how LITTLE light shines on the photoresistor Turn on the slide switch 1 the brightness of the LED D1 depends on how much light shines on the photoresistor RP The resistance drops as more light shines allowing more current to the NPN Q2 RP The resistance drops as more light shines diverting current away from the NPN Q2 Project 66 Project 67 PNP Light Control PNP Dark Control 5 Turn on the slide switch 1 the brightness of the LED D1 depends on how LITTLE light shines on the photoresistor RP The resistance drops as more light shines so more Turn on the slide switch 1 the brightness of the LED D1 depends on how much light shines on the photoresistor r RP current gets to the 100kQ resistor R5 from the photoresistor path and less from the PNP diode path This is similar to the NPN circuit above The resistance drops as more light shines allowing more current through the PNP Q1 This is similar to the NP
75. uch Controlled LED Time Delay Use the circuit in Project 165 Replace the press switch S2 with the PNP transistor Q1 arrow on U6 and a 1 snap on base grid point F1 Turn the LED D1 on and off by touching grid points F1 amp G2 at the same time You may need to wet your fingers 64 Project 168 Music AND Gate You will only hear music if you turn on the slide switch S1 AND press the press switch S2 AND there is light shining on the photoresistor RP This is referred to as an AND gate in electronics The lamp L4 is only used to limit current and will not light This concept is important in computer logic Example If condition W condition X AND condition Y are true then execute instruction Z Music OR Gate You will hear music if you turn on the slide switch S1 OR press the press switch S2 OR there is light shining on the photoresistor RP This is referred to as an OR gate in electronics The lamp L4 is only used to limit current and will not light This concept is important in computer logic Example If condition W condition X OR condition Y is true then execute instruction Z _ Project 170 Water Detector Build the circuit at left and connect the two jumpers to it but leave the loose ends of the jumpers lying on the table initially The LED D1 will be dark because the air separating the jumpers has very high resistance Touch the loose jumper ends to each other and th
76. witch S2 If you compare it to the AND circuit in Project 33 you can see the LED D1 lights in the opposite combinations of that circuit Hence we refer to itas a NAND circuit short for NOT this AND that This circuit can also have more or less than two inputs though when it only has one input it is referred to as a NOT circuit Like the OR AND and NOR NAND and NOT are important building blocks in computers 24 Project 36 25 Batteries in Series Build the circuit and connect the black jumper wire as shown in Part A The lamp L4 is bright because it is powered by three 3 1 5V AA batteries 4 5V total Remove the right battery from the holder B3 and move the end of the black wire to touch the right contact point in the holder as shown in Part B The lamp is not as bright because now it is only powered by 2 batteries 3V total Now also remove the center battery from the holder and move the end of the black wire to touch the center contact point in the holder as shown in Part C The lamp is dim because now it is only powered by 1 battery 1 5V total The batteries in the holder are connected in series to give a higher total voltage Batteries in Series LED Build the circuit and connect the black jumper wire as shown in Part A The red LED D1 is bright because it is powered by three 3 1 5V AA batteries 4 5V total Remove the right battery from the holder B3 and m
77. y damage them ELENCO is not responsible for parts damaged due to incorrect wiring Here are some important guidelines ALWAYS USE EYE PROTECTION WHEN EXPERIMENTING ON YOUR OWN ALWAYS include at least one component that will limit the current through a circuit such as the speaker lamp ICs which must be connected properly motor photoresistor or resistor ALWAYS use the LED NPN transistor and switches in conjunction with other components that will limit the current through them Failure to do so will create a short circuit and or damage those parts ALWAYS disconnect your batteries immediately and check your wiring if something appears to be getting hot ALWAYS check your wiring before turning on a circuit ALWAYS connect capacitors so that the side gets the higher voltage ALWAYS connect ICs using configurations given in the projects or as per the connection descriptions for the parts NEVER connect to an electrical outlet in your home in any way NEVER leave a circuit unattended when it is turned on NEVER touch the motor when it is spinning at high speed For all of the projects given in this book the parts may be arranged in different ways without changing the circuit For example the order of parts connected in series or in parallel does not matter what matters is how combinations of these sub circuits are arranged together WARNING SHOCK HAZARD Never connect Circuit Maker VN Sound Plus 200 to

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