"Use of Supercomputer for Interactive Travel Demand Modeling
Contents
1. Prototype Design 15 C C C C C C C C CHARACTER 4 TAG CHARACTER 1 YESNO DATA FIRST TRUE FIRSTT TRUE FIRSTL TRUE NA 0 MASK20 ISHFT 1 20 1 NUMBPR 0 OPEN ALL INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES 10 WRITE 11 11 FORMAT Enter input file name gt READ 13 FILNAM 13 FORMAT A INQUIRE FILE FILNAM EXIST EXISTS IF EXISTS THEN LUNIN 11 OPEN UNIT LUNIN FILE FILNAM STATUS OLD FORM UNFORMATTED ELSE WRITE 15 15 FORMAT Input file does not exist Respecify Y N gt READ 13 YESNO IF YESNO EQ N OR YESNO EQ n GO TO 9000 GO TO 10 ENDIF WRITE 19 19 FORMAT Enter output file name gt READ 13 FILNAM LUNOUT 12 OPEN UNIT LUNOUT FILE FILNAM STATUS NEW FORM FORMATTED READ IN HEADER RECORD INFORMATION AND WRITE OUT READ LUNIN ERR 8900 END 8900 HEAD1 HEAD2 IF FNAME 1 NE TRANPLAN GO TO 8900 IF EQUILM THEN NUMBPR NUMITR ELSE IF LODPCT 2 EQ 100 NUMBPR NUMITR ENDIF WRITE LUNOUT 23 HEAD1 23 FORMAT 10A8 E REAR RE SEL ARERR ELE RARE koe C TRANPLAN HEAD2 VARIABLES Reo ojo pee C INTEGER 2 HEAD2 MAXZON NUMPUR NERR MAXNEX MAXNI NLINK Prototype Design 16 1 LTPEN LINKGP 3 SCNLIN ASSGRP NODATA NUMPRO 2 TABLES LODPCT 10 NUMITR LODPUR NMSELK NMWEAV 3 MOD307T 2 MAXLIN MAXVEH INTEGER 4 CAPAC VOLUME MINX MAXX MINY MAXY NMTURN LOGICAL 2 TESSUM WSA2. Directed by Reginald R Souleyrette Ph D lowa Transportation Center lowa State University Prototype Design 1 Table of Contents Project Overview 1 Introduction 1 1 ISTEA management systems 1 2 Supercomputing 2 Methodology 2 1 Selection of the UTMS model 2 2 Selection of the geographic information system 2 3 System design flow chart 3 Test supply and demand scenarios 3 1 Use of ARC INFO to prepare files for TRANPLAN 3 2 Data transfer 3 3 Example congestion management 4 Conclusions 4 1 Economic considerations 4 2Environmental considerations 4 3Closure Appendix A Menu Design Appendix B Sample AML and FORTRAN Programs References Prototype Design 2 Project Overview The primary goal of this study was to assess the needs and viability of high speed computing with GIS for transportation planning research and other functions To accomplish this task it was necessary to identify plan design and implement a GIS based tool to facilitate alternative selections and policy analysis In addition procedures for integrating high speed computer and GIS capabilities in transportation modeling were to be established To assist in achieving the primary goal objectives were established for the design of the prototype GIS based tool f The prototype would be designed as a skeleton for any one of the six information management systems pavements bridges safety congestion transit and intermodal mandated
3. NUMNOD NX NY GO TO 140 ENDIF 150 IF FIRSTT FIRSTT FALSE IF TAG NE TURN GO TO 200 C C TURN PROHIBITOR DATA DO 170 I 2 N 3 WRITE LUNOUT 163 IO I IO I 1 IO I 2 163 FORMAT T 315 170 CONTINUE GO TO 100 G C LINK DATA C 200 IF FIRSTL FIRSTL FALSE CALL UNLINK N IO FIRST IF ENDF GO TO 500 C WRITE OUT THE STANDARD TRANPLAN LINK ATTRIBUTES C Prototype Design 18 WRITE LUNOUT 201 ANODE BNODE ASGRP DIST TIME1 TIME2 DIRCOD LG1 1 LG2 LG3 CAPCY VOL COST USER TVOWAY 201 FORMAT 215 11 14 T 214 412 216 1H1 214 L1 G C WRITE OUT THE TIMES AND LOADS PER ITERATION IF NUMITR NE 0 THEN IF EQUILM THEN WRITE LUNOUT 211 TIMES l I 1 NUMITR 211 FORMAT 1018 ELSE WRITE LUNOUT 221 TIMES l I 1 NUMITR 221 FORMAT 1014 ENDIF DO 300 IP 1 LODPUR WRITE LUNOUT 211 VOLS IT IP IT 1 NUMITR 300 CONTINUE ENDIF GO TO 200 G C END OF LINK DATA CHECK IF ANY SAVE TURNS 500 IF NMTURN EQ 0 GO TO 8000 C C FILE WAS REWOUND BY UNLINK SKIP TO TURNS READ LUNIN HEAD1 HEAD2 600 READ LUNIN END 8000 N IO l I 1 N CALL GETTAG IO TAG 4 IF TAG NE SAVE GO TO 600 WRITE LUNOUT 601 601 FORMAT SAVE WRITE LUNOUT 603 N IO I I 1 N 603 FORMAT 8110 1 READ LUNIN LPOINT I I 1 MAXNI WRITE LUNOUT 603 LPOINT I l 1 MAXNI1 READ LUNIN ITSAVE I4 14 1 NMTURN WRITE LUNOUT 603 ITSAVE I4 14 1 NMTURN IF NUMBPR EQ 0 THEN READ LUNIN
4. TVOL 4 I4 1 NMTURN WRITE LUNOUT 603 TVOL I4 I4 1 NMTURN ELSE DO 740 J 1 NUMBPR DO 734 NP 1 TRNPUR Prototype Design 19 DO 730 NA 1 NMTURN 500 NB NMTURN NA 1 IF NB GT 500 NB 500 READ LUNIN IO l I21 NB WRITE LUNOUT 603 IO l I21 NB 730 CONTINUE 734 CONTINUE 740 CONTINUE ENDIF C 8000 CLOSE LUNIN CLOSE LUNOUT STOP LODUNP Normal Stop 8900 WRITE 8901 8901 FORMAT Input file is not a TRANPLAN file CLOSE LUNOUT STATUS DELETE 9000 STOP LODUNP Abnormal Stop END convert for C Read the Links in and Nodes in files and write to the network in C file in TRANPLAN format C INTEGER X CHARACTER 1 LINKS 80 NODES 80 C C Open the read file and the two output files C Open Unit 5 File links in status OLD Open Unit 6 File nodes in status OLD Open unit 7 Filez network in status UNKNOWN C 100 READ 6 200 END 700 NODES 200 FORMAT 80A1 500 WRITE 7 600 NODES X X 2 80 600 format 79A1 GO TO 100 700 READ 5 200 END 900 LINKS 800 WRITE 7 600 LINKS X X 2 80 GO TO 700 900 END Prototype Design 20 tparc f C THIS PROGRAM COMBINES LINK DAT AND NODE DAT INTO TPARC F C AS REQUIRED FOR INPUT TO ARC OF ARC INFO INTEGER NODE NLINKS nnode CHARACTER 5 ANODE BNODE PARAMETER NODE 2038 NLINKS 3260 CHARACTER X NODE 9 Y NODE 9 N NODE 5 OPEN UNIT 10 FILE node dat OPEN UNIT 15 FILE link dat OPEN UNIT 20 FILE tparc dat DO 101 1 NODE READ 10 500
5. Use of Supercomputer for Interactive Travel Demand Modeling Through GIS Project Overview by Reginald R Souleyrette Ph D P E Associate Director for Research lowa Transportation Center Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering lowa State University Principal Investigator ABSTRACT The first large scale transportation studies were performed in the 1950s This occurrence coincided with the development of the digital computer which by that time had progressed such that large amounts of data could be manipulated and analyzed Computing has progressed rapidly since so that today more detailed and computationally demanding models of large metropolitan areas can be executed on desktop computers in a few hours Transportation problems are spatial and temporal in nature They are also data intensive Geographic information systems GIS with their database and geocoding capabilities are powerful tools for transportation data manipulation and analysis Presently transportation planning regional modeling efforts are costly and labor intensive many projects requiring multi year programs Often the final product is one or several snapshots of future travel patterns in an area Alternatives analyses spatial are limited due to labor and computing constraints For similar reasons temporal variations in travel demand patterns are rarely accounted for This project builds upon previous experiences with supercomputing and GIS It investigated
6. END 20 NNODE NNODE 1 10 CONTINUE 20 DO 100 J 1 NLINKS READ 15 510 END 200 ANODE BNODE WRITE 20 J 100 DO 110 I 1 NNODE IF ANODE EQ N I THEN WRITE 20 X I Y I GOTO 999 ENDIF 110 CONTINUE 999 CONTINUE DO 120 I 1 NNODE IF BNODE EQ N I THEN WRITE 20 GOTO 1000 END IF 120 CONTINUE 1000 CONTINUE WRITE 20 END 100 CONTINUE 200 WRITE 20 END 500 FORMAT A5 AQ AQ 510 FORMAT 2A5 END Prototype Design 21 tplink2 f C 50 100 110 120 THIS PROGRAM EXTRACTS THE NODES AND LINK DATA FILE FROM TRANPLAN OUTPUT FILE INTEGER KK CHARACTER TEMP 60 ANODE 5 BNODE 5 DIRECT 2 CAP 6 VOL 6 CHARACTER XCOO 9 YCOO 9 NODEN 5 LDIST 4 FOPT 1 FIELD1 4 FIELD2 4 OPEN UNIT 5 FILE hwy dat OPEN UNIT 10 FILE node dat OPEN UNIT 15 FILE link dat OPEN UNIT 20 FILE TPIN dat KK 100 READ UNIT 5 100 END 1000 TEMP FORMAT A60 IF TEMP 1 EQ N THEN TEMP 2 6 XCOO TEMP 9 17 YCOO TEMP 20 28 WRITE 10 110 NODEN XCOO YCOO FORMAT A5 A9 A9 ELSE IF TEMP 1 NE T THEN ANODE TEMP 1 5 BNODE 6 10 WRITE 15 120 ANODE BNODE FORMAT A5 A5 KK KK 1 LDIST TEMP 12 15 FOPT TEMP 16 16 FIELD1 TEMP 17 20 FIELD2 TEMP 21 24 DIRECT TEMP 25 26 CAP TEMP 33 38 VOL TEMP 39 44 WRITE 20 130 KK LDIST FOPT FIELD1 FIELD2 DIRECT CAP VOL amp ANODE B
7. LCOST LUSER LARGXY FDOT EQUILM LARGND WRITE LUNOUT 25 MAXZON NUMPUR NERR MAXNEX MAXNI NLINK 1 LTPEN LINKGP SCNLIN ASSGRP NODATA NUMPRO 2 TABLES LODPCT NUMITR LODPUR NMSELK NMWEAV 3 MOD30T MAXLIN MAXVEH 25 FORMAT 1018 WRITE LUNOUT 27 CAPAC VOLUME MINX MAXX MINY MAXY NMTURN 27 FORMAT 7111 WRITE LUNOUT 29 ESSUM WSA LCOST LUSER LARGXY FDOT EQUILM LARGND CHECK IF SHOULD DELETE EXCESSIVE NODE COORDINATES WRITE 7 31 31 FORMAT Delete excessive node coordinates Y N READ 13 YESNO IF YESNO EQ N OR YESNO EQ n THEN DO 30 1 NODCHK l TRUE 30 CONTINUE ELSE DO 40 1 1 NODCHK l FALSE 40 CONTINUE 50 CALL UNLINK N IO FIRST IF ENDF GO TO 90 NODCHK ANODE TRUE NODCHK BNODE TRUE GO TO 50 90 REWIND LUNIN READ LUNIN FIRST TRUE ENDIF C C READ LOOP FOR LODHIST C 100 READ LUNIN END 500 N IO l I21 N CALL GETTAG IO TAG 4 IF TAG NE NODE GO TO 150 C Prototype Design 17 C NODE DATA C IF LARGXY THEN DO 120 I 2 N 2 NA 1 IF OU NEO THEN NX 1041 10000 NY IO I 1 10000 IF NODCHK NA WRITE LUNOUT 111 NA NX NY 111 FORMAT N 5 2111 ENDIF 120 CONTINUE GO TO 100 ELSE LOC 0 140 LOC LOC 2 IF LOC GT N GO TO 100 NODXY IO LOC NUMNOD NUMNOD 1 IF NODXY EQ 0 GO TO 140 NX IAND NODXY MASK20 10000 NY IAND IO LOC 1 MASK20 10000 IF NODCHK NUMNOD WRITE LUNOUT 111
8. NODE 130 FORMAT I4 A4 A1 1 A4 A4 A2 A6 A6 amp 5 ENDIF GOTO 50 1000 CONTINUE CLOSE UNIT 5 CLOSE UNIT 10 END Prototype Design 22 REFERENCES ESRI Arc Info Reference Manuals 1993 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc 380 New York Street Redlands CA 93273 Hazarvartian Kim Eric John Collura A Computer Aided Project Management System for Transportation Consultants ITE JOURNAL April 1994 18 24 MicroStation Reference Manuals 1992 Intergraph Corporation Huntsville AL Jensen Jeffery Xiao Hui Yu Design of Computer Based System to Evaluate Transportation Related Strategies for Air Quality Enhancement Senior Design Report 1994 University of Nevada Las Vegas ORACLE Refernce Manuals 1989 Intergraph Corporation Huntsville AL UAG 1992 User Manual Supplement and Installation Instructions The Urban Analysis Group 375 Diablo Road Ste 110 Danville CA 94526 Prototype Design 23
9. a is essential for planning future transportation needs However urban growth is a function of many variables such as social political and economic opinions The result is that planners must make assumptions about future growth in a area or test various scenarios The prototype developed in this project was designed for testing scenarios alternatives testing For instance to test various alternatives of urban growth in the congestion management system five different scenarios of VMT growth could be developed uniform growth random growth growth inversely proportional to delay and growth proportional to delay If the planner assumes a uniform growth in a particular area the GIS environment would be used to select and assign a numeric flag to those links within that region of growth The data would then be transferred to TRANPLAN for analysis In TRANPLAN the links assigned for uniform growth would be scaled by the appropriate factor within the origin destination matrix In a similar manner any one of the growth scenarios could be selected for an urban area within the GIS environment and analyzed in the planning model Also by utilizing a GIS many different configurations of growth within an urban area can be tested by combining more than one type of growth scenario for the area The ability to test various alternatives gives analysts and researchers a means of identifying and assessing transportation impacts in an urban area Also alternat
10. and return to the system prompt EDIT Tools Coverage New create a new coverage and features Coverage Open open an existing coverage for editing and specify the feature class to be edited Coverage Hemove remove coverages from current edit session without saving Table New create a new INFO table Table Open open an existing INFO file for editing Table Remove remove INFO tables from the current editing session without saving Save save all edits for the current edit object Save As save all edits for the current edit coverage or INFO file to a new coverage or file Change Edit Feature Prototype Design 11 select the feature class to edit or create a new feature class Feature Edit Menu redisplay the appropriate edit menu if previously closed Command Tools redisplay the command tools menu if previously closed Graphic Selection graphically select features using the current coordinate input device Attribute Selection select features or INFO records based on criteria specified in a logical expression INFO Tools Add TRANPLAN Items a menu driven routine to select items to add to the AAT file Build Node File select the coverage to build the NAT file is created and X Y coordinates added Drop Items a menu driven routine to drop items from an INFO table DISPLAY Tools Draw display features specified in the current draw environment Clear er
11. anning software the Urban Analysis Group of Danville California The program TRANPLAN is a regional travel demand model capable of generating distributing and assigning traffic to a highway or transit network TRANPLAN is the model chosen by the Nevada and lowa DOTs among others and their respective Metropolitan Planning Organizations Using the high speed processing capabilities of a mainframe front end to a Cray YMP 2 supercomputer produced an executable code with speed capable of supporting interactive analysis During a one to two hour interactive session an analyst may perform several alternatives analyses investigating the outcomes congestion delay resulting from various transportation planning decisions adding new infrastructure deploying travel demand management strategies modifying land use assumptions PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Reginald Souleyrette Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering at lowa State University conducts research on the application of Geographic Information Systems to Transportation GIS T and transportation planning and modeling He currently serves as guest editor for a special issue of the Journal for Advanced Transportation on GIS in Transportation Planning Graduate level Civil Engineering courses taught by Dr Souleyrette have included Urban Transportation Planning and Network Analysis Computer Applications in Transportation Engineering Applications of Transportation Planning Models GIS Application
12. ase the graphic display from the canvas Draw Environment specify which feature classes will be drawn for the edit coverage Back Environment specify a coverage or image that will be displayed in the background Pan Zoom display the tool palette containing pan zoom tools Change Symbolset select a symbol set for displaying features and text Current Status display the current status of the editing session EXPORT Tools Create Export File select the coverage to export the required INFO files will automatically be read and the required TRANPLAN items will be placed in the export file network in Display Export File view the export file network in Connect to Cray this option will initiate a login to the CRAY supercomputer and an ftp Prototype Design 12 back to the UNIX the file network in will have to be retrieved manually before TRANPLAN can be run HELP Prototype Design 13 APPENDIX B Sample AML and FORTRAN programs tpt aml this program transfers the output from TRANPLAN to an ARC INFO coverage amp s infile response Please input the datafile name amp if exists hwy dat amp then amp sys rm hwy dat amp sys cp infile hwy dat amp sys tplink2 amp sys tparc amp s covnam response Please enter the coverage name amp if exists coverage amp then kill Ycovnam generate input tparc dat lines quit ap disp 9999 map
13. d regional population growth scenarios the data is transferred to the planning model using a FORTRAN based linkage and analyzed The results are transferred back to the GIS system for graphical display and storage Prototype Design 5 2 1 Selection of the UTMS model The selection of an urban transportation modeling system UTMS was based on two factors The technical criteria which had to be met included that the software package had to support the import and export of ASCII formatted data However it was also important to select the software package based on its popularity among local public entities For this reason TRANPLAN was chosen TRANPLAN is a comprehensive planning package with forecasting capabilities for highway and transit systems that operates on several different hardware platforms It is used by the Nevada Department of Transportation and other state county and local transportation planning agencies Three different formats of the 7 1 version of TRANPLAN were used DOS UNIX and UNICOS Although a format did not exist for UNICOS the operating system of the CRAY supercomputer the Urban Analysis Group supplied the source FORTRAN code for the PC and UNIX formats of TRANPLAN and allowed modifications to be made for the development of a UNICOS format 2 2 Selection of the geographic information system Since it was decided that the data would be transferred in ASCII format the geographic information system was selected bas
14. d with GIS there will be an increased need for supercomputing application These and other issues and outcomes are discussed more fully in three reports resulting from this project Three products described below are included in this report P Prototype Design of a GIS Tool for Analysis of Transportation Systems Alternatives using High Speed Computing a Senior Design Report written by Dan Croce UNLV Civil Engineering Student under my direction This report include an introduction to a possible area for application of the system developed in this project transportation asset management systems Following a section on selection of transportation planning model and geographic information system software a system design flowchart is presented A tool to test supply and demand scenarios is presented which uses ARC INFO to prepare files for TRANPLAN Following a section on data transfer issues an example application is described for congestion management The concluding section includes a review of economic and environmental considerations Appendices are provided for GUI Menu Design and sample computer code AML and FORTRAN Programs This report represents the main product of the grant from Cray Research Computer code developed for this project can be obtained from Dr Shashi Sathisan of the UNLV Transportation Research Center although no code was written for the Cray specifically P PThree Applications of GIS for Transportation Planning and N
15. e covnam linecolor 2 arcs covnam amp pause quit clear build covnam lines renode covnam amp return tpexport aml this aml creates an INFO program that formats the arc info items into a readable tranplan format amp s covnam response Enter Coverage Name 1 amp data ARC INFO ARC ERASE LINKS NEW PG Y PROGRAM LINKS NEW PG SELECT covnam AAT OUTPUT LINKS IN Prototype Design 14 CALCULATE COMMA SWITCH 1 DISPLAY ANODE BNODE DIST FOPT FIELD1 FIELD2 DIRECT 9X CAP VOL PRINT RUN LINKS NEW PG ERASE TPNODES PG Y PROGRAM TPNODES PG SELECT covnam NAT ALTER 4 ALTER 4 OUTPUT NODES IN CALCULATE COMMA SWITCH 1 DISPLAY 0X N OX NODE 2X X COORD 2X Y COORD PRINT RUN TPNODES PG Q STOP amp END arcout f PROGRAM LODUNP IMPLICIT INTEGER 2 A Z C C PROGRAM TO CONVERT TRANPLAN NETWORK FILES TO ASCII RECORDS FOR C TRANSFERRING TO ANOTHER COMPUTER C INCLUDE trc unlv coe legtrcf crocef u includes paramter inc INCLUDE trc unlv coe legtrcf crocef u includes tpcom inc INCLUDE trc unlv coe legtrcf crocef u includes ulnkcom inc COMMON A ITSAVE MXSAVT INTEGER 4 ITSAVE COMMON B LPOINT MXNODE INTEGER 2 LPOINT INTEGER 4 TVOL MXSAVT EQUIVALENCE ITSAVE TVOL INTEGER 4 N IO 500 LUNIN LUNOUT NX NY NODXY MASK20 I4 EQUIVALENCE LUNIN LUN LOGICAL 4 EXISTS LOGICAL 2 NODCHK MXNODE FIRST FIRSTT FIRSTL CHARACTER 32 FILNAM
16. ed on its ability to easily import and export data in ASCII format Of the two predominant GIS systems currently in use within the industry ARC INFO was chosen for the project The reasons were due primarily to its flexibility and compatibility with other data formats In addition it provides the ability to produce menu driven applications and can communicate externally with other programs 2 3 System design flow chart Figure 1 displays the approach used in the system design 3 Test Supply And Demand Scenarios The purpose of this study was to test the suitability of GIS for transportation planning by creating a working GIS T system Since the transportation planning process involves many variables the ability to perform alternatives analysis is essential to having an effective system for transportation planning To accomplish this a FORTRAN program was written to integrate a geographic information system with a transportation planning model Once the linkage was established the GIS system was customized with task based menus APPENDIX A to display store and analyze network data as well as prepare data for transfer to the planning model 3 1 Use of Arc Info to prepare files for TRANPLAN Prototype Design 6 A link between the GIS and planning model would give a planner the ability to test various supply and demand scenarios To accomplish a link and transfer of data from the GIS to the UTMS the GIS system must have a means of storing a
17. eed ratio of computing is expected to continue to decrease in computers available to public and private agencies departments of transportation and public works planning and engineering consulting firms Also it is understood that the computers used in this project are currently beyond the computing budget of most transportation planning agencies But as price performance ratios continue to decrease the same capabilities should be available within a few years Soon perhaps the next five years the time required to run planning models may be eliminated as a constraint to multiple analyses However that is currently not the situation Time is a constraint to multiple analyses Therefore it was necessary to test the feasibility of utilizing a high speed mainframe system for a GIS T system 2 Methodology The methodology used in this project included the application of a GIS based linkage to a transportation planning model The Clark County Regional Transportation Commission provided data for Las Vegas Nevada to be used as the model transportation network for the study This data included socioeconomic and demographic data from the census bureau for zonal analysis as well as network attributes and vehicle miles traveled VMT for volume capacity predictions To provide the ability for sensitivity analysis the data was integrated into a GIS system for graphical display and data storage As the planner selects various supply the network and deman
18. etwork Modeling by Zachary N Hans Research Assistant lowa Transportation Center GIS T Lab and myself This paper which describes three applications of the system on an Overview 4 Intergraph PC platform has been submitted for publication in the Journal for Advanced Transportation This paper represents work chiefly funded by the Midwest Transportation Center with early work supported by Cray P Reflecting Underlying Trends and Traffic Accommodation Strategies in Analyses of the Regional Impacts of Traffic Growth by Zachary N Hans Research Assistant lowa Transportation Center GIS T Lab lowa State University William L Garrison Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering University of California Berkeley Lorne Wazny Transportation Planner Office of Advance Planning lowa Department of Transportation and myself This paper which motivates the need for high speed transportation planning GIS systems was submitted to the Transportation Research Board for possible publication in Transportation Research Record and presentation at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the TRB This paper represents work chiefly funded by the Midwest Transportation Center with early work supported by Cray Overview 5 Prepared for CEG 497 Senior Design University of Nevada Las Vegas Prototype Design of a GIS Tool for Analysis of Transportation Systems Alternatives using High Speed Computing May 1994 A Design Project Submitted by Daniel R Croce And
19. for equitable and efficient allocation of resources GIS can effectively compute and display derived data on cost per lane mile or jurisdiction spatial distribution of benefits etc Approach and Methodology The approach taken in this project included two parallel efforts one involving compilation and testing of Tranplan on high speed computers and the other involving development of GIS to Tranplan linkages The tasks which facilitated this approach are outlined below Overview 3 Task 1 Develop test mainframe GIS to PC Tranplan linkages Task 2 Partial Compilation of Tranplan on the Cray Due to difficulties and time limitations Tranplan could not be fully compiled on the Cray Task 3 Develop test mainframe GIS to mainframe Tranplan linkages Task 4 Demonstrate the system Task 5 Prepare final report Results The primary deliverable resulting from this project is a working system linking a travel demand model Tranplan and a geographic information system ARCINFO in a high speed computing environment Although the project investigators did not succeed in compiling the software on the Cray the system as developed demonstrates the usefulness of using high speed computers and GIS for transportation planning Given more time and more importantly computer programming and systems support a Cray could be utilized to improve the performance of the system Moreover as additional transportation and air quality models are integrate
20. ives analyses support development and investment policy decisions as well as enhance the ability to provide for equitable and efficient allocation of resources 4 Conclusions Although the prototype was designed as a congestion management system it could be easily modified to satisfy any one of the six management systems mandated by ISTEA With this interactive system an analyst can use GIS to change planning model inputs call for a run of the model on a high speed computer and display the results in GIS If the price performance ratio of computer systems continues to decrease the use of high speed computing for this prototype provides a window through which the future of desktop transportation planning modeling can be viewed 4 1 Economic considerations Prototype Design 8 The issue of predicting regional urban area VMT growth is one which has enormous economic implications for any urban area in the country The ability to accurately predict the growth of an urban area as well as the location and type of growth within the area is minimal at best The amount of social political and economic factors involved makes predictions a matter of scenarios The product developed in this project was designed for scenario testing The ability to perform alternatives analysis based on various scenarios was the driving force to the design of the final product For regional and urban transportation analysis this product could be used to perform alte
21. nd manipulating attribute data However some planning models such as TRANPLAN have specific attributes which must be defined for each network For each coverage created in the Arc Info GIS a standard attribute table is generated which contains information to spatially define each link in the network This attribute table can then be modified to incorporate user defined attributes Because the GIS environment combines both graphical and data storage capabilities it can be used to easily define required TRANPLAN network attributes by pointing to a specific link and assigning a specific attribute value For instance the following attributes must be added to the network for TRANPLAN TRANPLAN Recognized Network Attributes ANODE identifies the from node of the link BNODE identifies the to node of the link Assignment Group flag for links with common capacity restraint Link Distance length of link from ANODE to BNODE Field Option specifies if Field 1 and Field 2 are speed or time values Field 1 numeric value which is either speed or time Field 2 numeric value which is either speed or time Direction Code flag to identify the direction of the link Link Group 1 flag used to group links with common characteristics Link Group 2 flag used to group links with common characteristics Link Group 3 flag used to group links with common characteristics Capacity capacity of the highway link from ANODE to BNODE Vol
22. ng divisions and exploit technology with high potential such as GIS Prototype Design 4 1 2 Supercomputing The first large scale transportation studies were performed in the 1950s This occurrence coincided with the development of the digital computer which by that time had progressed such that large amounts of data could be manipulated and analyzed Computing has progressed rapidly since so that today more detailed and computationally demanding models of large metropolitan areas can be executed on desktop computers in a few hours Transportation problems are spatial and temporal in nature They are also data intensive Geographic information systems with their database and geocoding capabilities are powerful tools for transportation data manipulation and analysis Presently transportation planning regional modeling efforts are costly and labor intensive many projects requiring multi year programs Often the final product is one or several snapshots of future travel patterns in an area Alternatives analyses spatial are limited due to labor and computing constraints required for a single run of a transportation planning model for a medium to large region about one hour on a fast personal computer and prohibit the interactive viewing of outputs resulting from changes in assumptions and data For similar reasons temporal variations in travel demand patterns are rarely accounted for Although the price performance processing sp
23. ng land use assumptions Tools developed as products of this research can be used to identify and assess transportation impacts in medium to large urban and suburban regions areas New types of analyses include spatial overlay of origin destination information on socioeconomic and demographic data Alternatives analyses support development and investment policy decisions relating to and benefiting elderly and disabled populations or predominantly minority or economically disadvantaged areas Tools developed enhance the ability to provide for equitable and efficient allocation of resources GIS can effectively compute and display derived data on cost per lane mile or jurisdiction spatial distribution of benefits etc Based the results of this project the use of a supercomputer such as the CRAY is currently not a practical alternative for transportation planning First the price of a Prototype Design 9 supercomputer is beyond the computing budget of most transportation planning agencies And second there is currently no version of ARC INFO or any other GIS available for the CRAY operating system Therefore the time saved by the systems computational speed is diminished by the time required to transfer the data from another system to the CRAY But there is evidence APPENDIX C that a high speed computer such as a SUN SPARC would significantly increase the speed of network analyses for alternatives testing in comparison to a standard desk
24. on Due to the spatial based nature of each of these data intensive systems GIS is widely recognized as a solution for satisfying the requirements for each of the management system areas Each state s Governor or designee will certify each management system annually beginning January 1995 Required will be phase in criteria status of implementation planning and target dates and finally a report from the USDOT to Congress Implementation dates vary by system but range from January 1993 for part of the pavement management systems to four years after October 1994 for implementation of the bridge systems Although the model created in this project was based on congestion management it can potentially be modified to supplement any one of the six management systems For instance with the storage and speed provided by a high speed computer photographs from bridge inspections could be stored and retrieved by the GIS system while the maintenance and repair scheduling could be handled by the appropriate planning model Using the skeleton created in this project all six of the information systems required under ISTEA could have a common user interface This would reduce costs by reducing training time of system operators as well as provide uniformity to all management systems within the department Coordinating management system development within any state DOT should reduce redundancy foster communication promote data sharing and cooperation amo
25. powerful graphic capabilities of a GIS system with a transportation planning model This interaction between the two software systems was accomplished by writing a FORTRAN based linkage which can Prototype Design 3 be run within the GIS environment One problem with creating such an interactive system was that the speed required to perform several alternative analyses in one session for a medium to large size urban area was beyond the ability of currently available planning software platforms Therefore it was necessary to test the feasibility of utilizing the computational power of a high speed computer for the GIS T system By creating the interactive linkage and utilizing a system sufficiently fast enough to perform alternatives analyses it is believed that the GIS T system developed in this project could be a skeleton model for the information management systems required under ISTEA 1 1 ISTEA management systems The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 mandates that each state DOT implement information management systems for six areas pavements bridges safety congestion transit and intermodal In addition a traffic monitoring information system is also required In general each of these systems should have the common components of scope definition development of performance measures creation of database identification and evaluation of strategies development of implementation strategies and feedback evaluati
26. procedures for integrating supercomputer and GIS capabilities in transportation modeling The researchers working on this project had previously successfully linked TRANPLAN and a GIS program ARC INFO on computer workstations This batch mode linkage was limited however to exploiting the data management and output capabilities of GIS Further the time required for a single run of the travel demand model for a medium to large region about one hour on a fast workstation prohibited the interactive viewing of outputs resulting from changes in assumptions and data Supercomputing presented several opportunities for transportation planning opportunities which went well beyond being able to run models at high rates of speed The goal of this project was to demonstrate the usefulness of high speed computing to transportation planning The goal was met by developing an interactive system whereby GIS can be used to change demand model inputs call for a run of the travel demand model on a mainframe computer and display the results The user interface is a multi layer thematic map graphic which improves the user s ability not only to modify Overview 1 data and assumptions but to recognize the implications of changes through overlay of input and output networks This project included compiling source FORTRAN code for selected transportation planning model modules The code was provided by one of the Nation s largest developers of transportation pl
27. rnatives analyses on factors such as congestion delay and air quality based on the various scenarios of VMT growth that may occur within the area Based on the results of this testing policy decisions could be influenced particularly in the area of fund allocation for new transportation facilities 4 2 Environmental considerations There is a direct relationship between highway congestion and air quality For instance as congestion increases on a highway link the percentages of CO in the air above that link increase Although this prototype was not designed to monitor air quality it can be modified to also run with an air quality model Similar to the TRANPLAN data exchange the air quality data could be transferred to the air quality model and the GIS in ASCII format Emission data could be analyzed with the air quality model and displayed graphically with the GIS This process would give analysts and researchers the ability to communicate in one graphical image the results of their data collection to policy makers and the public 4 3 Closure The primary deliverable of this project is a prototype and working application of a GIS T tool It is expected that during a one to two hour interactive session an analyst might perform several alternatives analyses investigating the outcomes congestion delay resulting from various transportation planning decisions adding new infrastructure deploying travel demand management strategies modifyi
28. s in Civil Engineering and GIS Applications in Transportation Articles by Dr Souleyrette have appeared in Transportation Research Record Transportation Research B MicroComputers in Civil Engineering and Transportation Quarterly and published Proceedings of the American Society for Civil Engineers and Institute of Transportation Engineers He is experienced in the development of transportation models and impact analyses in a GIS environment and the establishment of GIS T lab consisting of multi vendor hardware and software large volumes of hardcopy and digital data personnel ranging from undergraduate engineering students to GIS analysts and procedures for conducting GIS analyses in transportation research Dr Souleyrette has experience with data conversion between DEC VAX and UNIX Sun UNIX Cray UNIX IBM DOS and several magnetic storage media across various GIS software platforms A member of several travel demand modeling users advisory groups Formerly Assistant Director of the UNLV Transportation Research Center he now serves as the Associate Director for Research of the lowa Transportation Center Overview 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Missions To assess the need and viability of high speed computing with GIS for transportation planning research and other functions Establish procedures for integrating high speed computer and GIS capabilities in transportation modeling To identify plan design and implement GIS based
29. tools to facilitate alternative selections and policy analysis Project Scope The scope of this project included development of a prototype system of linkages between a travel demand model Tranplan and a geographic information system ESRI s ARCINFO and Intergraph s MGE MGA series first in a PC environment and ultimately running on high speed computers The data chosen for development of the system were first a network of manageable size the sample network provided by the and later extended to include larger metropolitan areas such as Las Vegas Nevada and Des Moines lowa Project Objective and Outcome The objective of this project was to demonstrate the capabilities of travel demand models in a high speed GIS based environment Using tools developed in this project during a one to two hour interactive session an analyst may perform several alternatives analyses investigating the outcomes congestion delay resulting from various transportation planning decisions adding new infrastructure deploying travel demand management strategies modifying land use assumptions The primary product from this project is a prototype system which can be used to identify and assess transportation impacts in medium to large urban and suburban regions areas Analytical capabilities include spatial overlay of origin destination information on socioeconomic and demographic data The tools developed in this project enhance the ability to provide
30. top computer In addition the PC version of ARC INFO is slower and less powerful than the UNIX version and therefore not practical for use as a GIS T system However both ARC INFO and TRANPLAN are available in UNIX formats Based on a price performance ratio and the results of this project a high speed UNIX based system would provide the required speed at a moderate cost to operate a GIS T system such as the prototype developed in this project Prototype Design 10 Appendix A Menu Design The ArcTran menu bar has six main pull down menus Items on the main menu were chosen to reflect the function of item options The six main pull down menus are Manager EDIT Tools INFO Tools EXPORT Tools DISPLAY Tools and the HELP button The options accessed under each of the pull down menus can be used collectively or independently to create and edit coverage features and descriptive data perform feature oriented editing display coverages establish environments to control editing and snapping manipulate and analyze coverages as well as perform the actual import and export operations The following is a summary of the main pull down menu options Summary of ArcTran Menu Options Manager Change Workspace move to a new workspace Manage Coverages data manager for querying copying renaming and deleting coverages Manage INFO Tables data manager for querying copying renaming and deleting INFO files Quit exit Arc Tran
31. ume observed volume of link from ANODE to BNODE B A Field Option flag for B A link attributes It is not necessary to define all of the recognized attributes to transfer network data to TRANPLAN For this reason the menu system designed in this project allows flexibility for the experienced user to choose only the desired items from the list of recognized attributes This can be done using the customized pull down menu system created within the ARC INFO environment Using this system a specialized shell called ArcTran was created It functions as an application within the ARC INFO environment Using ArcTran an analyst can define and assign network attributes for TRANPLAN using a simple point and click process 3 2 Data transfer The transfer of data from the GIS to the UTMS was accomplished by utilizing ARC INFO s powerful Arc Macro Language AML to extract network data AML isa programming language which can be used within the ARC INFO environment to automate actions create commands provide startup utilities and create menu driven Prototype Design 7 user interfaces In addition to the AML the FORTRAN programming language was utilized to manipulate the network data extracted by the AML into a format which could be imported into TRANPLAN Examples of programs created in both languages for this project are located in APPENDIX B 3 3 Example congestion management The ability to accurately predict growth within an urban are
32. under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act ISTEA of 1991 f The prototype would utilize currently available software f The prototype would have a comprehensive range of capabilities that integrate transportation network analysis and display f The prototype would have flexibility for customization f The user interface would be graphical and menu driven f The user interface would include online documentation and help To meet the objectives of this project an effective working system of GIS for transportation was created The prototype provides researchers and practitioners the necessary tools to determine the practicality and benefits of such a system as well as encourage further development of GIS at state DOTs and other transportation planning organizations 1 Introduction During the past three decades transportation planning agencies have become reliant on computer modeling to analyze control and predict traffic patterns in urban areas While some of these models provide graphic capabilities they are mainly analytical tools to perform tasks such as level of service analyses and volume capacity predictions An increasingly popular method of displaying transportation networks and storing network data is geographic information systems GIS By integrating GIS with a transportation planning model this project created an effective working GIS T system that will give transportation planners the ability to utilize the
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