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YSI 9300 / 9500 User Manual with Test Procedures

1. YSI 9300 and 9500 Photometers User Manual YSI 9300 and 9500 Direct Read Photometers User Manual YSI Inc 1725 Brannum Lane Yellow Springs OH 45387 Tel 800 897 4151 1 937 767 7241 Fax 1 937 767 1058 E Mail environmental ysi com Y PT 282 INDEX To INTRODUCTION 3 ertet ue Peter Pepcteseepebene heathen tence Denebenebene eec Bebebenc eir bensg 1 Features and Technical Specification ssssssssssseeeeeneeennneeeennn 3 2 OPERATING PRINCIPLE s iier eo rtr n ee red eta eene e rm co noe CO RP ne b e Cant ds 4 Powering the Photomiter vais 4 idein ifr teen ee Coe bel reos 4 Replacing the Batteries sssssessssssssssssssseesse eene nnne nnnntrs nnns nnn ntnns nnne 5 Power Supply Model 9500 only ssssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeeen ener enne 5 3 GENERAL PHOTOMETER OPERAT IQN ico icr em rere peter erro eh reb eri vede err Pr CIE DERE FERREA 6 Operating Modes zoe meet nadie eure System Quick Start idee Ere rise ek ORCI a epe FEN S eoa dd System Full Options View Log 9500 Only Back Light Ms ET MS Si Language ODptions eri Gaede alia ee ehe eti aed Sample Number 9500 Only 5 2 deri rap eee pee ree cott e sn eoe Ena irait i 8 Sample Number Increment 9500 Only ssssssssssssseeeeenemeeeenee nnns 8 Dilution Factor 9500 Only 2 Lcid Le prede rete be dee e Cape Dude ad dade brun
2. PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS C H LOR N E Photometer Method CHLORAMINES DPD wavetencra TEST FOR FREE CHLORINE SELECTION MONOCHLORAMINE AND 0 5 0 mg l DICHLORAMINE IN WATER Chlorine and chlorine release compounds are widely used for the disinfection of water When dissolved in water chlorine forms hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions Chlorine remaining in the water in this form is known as the free chlorine residual Chlorine does however react with ammonia and nitrogen based species to form chloramines These compounds are poor disinfectants and can also impart a characteristic taste or odour to the water It is important therefore in certain applications to be able to distinguish between chlorine residual present as free chlorine and as chloramines The YSI DPD Chlorine Chloramines method provides a simple means of measuring free chlorine HOCI HOCT monochloramine NH CI and dichloramine NHCI Method The YSI Chlorine Chloramines test uses the DPD method This method is internationally recognised as the standard method of testing for chlorine and other residuals In the YSI method the reagents are provided in tablet form for maximum convenience and simplicity of use Free chlorine reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration The intensity of the color is proportional to the free chlorine concentration Addition of a trace amount of potassium iodide induces
3. YSI Coppercol No 1 Tablets YSI Coppercol No 2 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Separation of Copper Residuals The direct reading photometer is programmed for both free and total copper Use program Phot 10 Free Copper then select the Follow On option on screen to continue test for program Phot 11 Total Copper Test Procedure 1 a A O N 10 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Coppercol No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Select Phot 10 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result represents the free copper concentration as mg l Cu Stop the test at this stage if only free copper determination is required If it is desired to measure chelated or total copper continue the test on the same test portion Select the Follow On from screen options to continue the test program Add one Coppercol No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Take photometer reading The result represents the Total Copper concentration as mg l Cu The Chelated Copper concentration is obtained by subtracting the free copper concentration from the total copper concentration ie Chelated Copper Total Copper Free Copper PHOT 12 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS CALCIUM HARDNESS Photometer Method AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH CALCICOL SELECTION TEST FOR CALCIUM HARDNESS IN 0 500 mg l CaCO NATURAL AND TREATED WA
4. and thus gives a measure of total soluble inorganic nickel content of the water Method In the YSI Nickeltest method nickel salts are reduced to the nickelous form and then reacted with nioxime indicator to give a pink colored complex Reagents are included to prevent copper interference and a complexing powder is provided to prevent iron interference The reagents are provided in tablet form and the test is simply carried out by adding tablets to a sample of the water The intensity of color produced in the test is proportional to the nickel concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Nickeltest PR Powder Spoon Pack YSI Nickeltest No 1 Tablets YSI Nickeltest No 2 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 2 o on Ui A Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Nickeltest No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Ensure tablet is completely dissolved before proceeding If iron is thought to be present in the sample add one level spoonful of Nickeltest PR powder and mix Add one Nickeltest No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for two minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 53 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l Ni Interferences The presence of cobalt at 0 5 mg l gives a positive response in the test The
5. 1 Rinse a clean test tube with sample leaving a few drops in the tube 2 Add one Chlordiox Buffer tablet and one Chlordiox HR tablet crush and mix both together in the small volume of sample left in the tube to produce an even mixture of well crushed material 3 Rinse and fill another clean test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark and slowly pour this into the tube containing the crushed tablets 4 Mix the tube contents with a crushing rod to ensure complete dissolution of the tablet material 5 Stand for two minutes to allow the chlorine dioxide to react with the indicator 6 Select Phot 76 on photometer 7 Take photometer reading 96 T in usual manner see photometer instructions This result represents the chlorine dioxide residual in terms of mg l CIO Notes 1 To obtain the chlorine dioxide residual as mg l Cl divide the result by 1 9 2 For the greatest accuracy below 2 5 mg l ClO use the YSI Chlorine Dioxide LR test Interferences Studies of the effect of expected levels of common species which may be present in chlorine dioxide containing waters were undertaken to determine if these would detrimentally affect the results of the test These included other chlorine compounds and oxidising agents metal ions hardness alkalinity nitrate phosphate and sulphate No interference effect was observed Temperature Effect The method is calibrated for use at 15 25 C lower temperatures will cause a slightly high bia
6. Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush and then fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet Take the photometer reading on Phot 7 immediately as result may drift on standing in usual manner Result A Continue the test by adding one DPD No 3 tablet Crush tablet mix to dissolve and then stand for two minutes Take photometer reading Result C Continue the test by adding one DPD Acidifying tablet Crush tablet mix to dissolve and then stand for two minutes Add one DPD Neutralising tablet crush and mix to dissolve Take the photometer reading Result D The results of the tests in terms of mg l chlorine are calculated from the observed results as follows Chlorine Dioxide 5 x G Free Chlorine A G Combined Chlorine C A Chlorite D C 4G Total Oxidizing Capacity D PHOT 7 AUTO 14 15 PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLORINE DPD AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR FREE COMBINED AND SELECTION TOTAL CHLORINE IN WATER 0 5 0 mg l Chlorine and chlorine release compounds are widely used for the disinfection of drinking water and swimming pools for the control of micro biological growth in cooling water and in many other water treatment systems Accurate measurement of the chlorine residual is an essential aspect of the control of these chlorination processes The chlorine level can be expressed in terms of the free chlorine combined chlorine or tot
7. Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l MoO Oo 0 2c NN Note Molybdate concentrations can be expressed in a number of different ways The following factors may be used for the conversion of readings To convert from MoO to Na MoO multiply by 1 3 To convert from MoO to Mo multiply by 0 6 Interferences The presence of Fe ferrous or Fe ferric iron at 5 mg l causes the rapid development of a red color in the test This may be prevented by the treatment of the 10 ml sample with one YSI EDTA tablet prior to carrying out the test PHOT 23 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS N ITR ATE Photometer Method AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH NITRATEST ENT TEST FOR NITRATE IN NATURAL 0 1 mg IN DRINKING AND WASTE WATERS 0 20 mg I N Nitrates are normally present in natural drinking and waste waters Nitrates enter water supplies from the breakdown of natural vegetation the use of chemical fertilisers in modern agriculture and from the oxidation of nitrogen compounds in sewage effluents and industrial wastes Nitrate is an important control test for water supplies Drinking waters containing excessive amounts of nitrates can cause methaemoglobinaemia in bottle fed infants blue babies The EEC has set a recommended maximum of 5 7 mg l N 25 mg l NO3 and an absolute maximum of 11 3 mg l N 50 mg l NO for nitrate in drinking water The YSI Nitratest meth
8. boiler water or boiler feedwater The test covers the range and 0 2 0 mg l Method Special techniques must be employed when testing for dissolved oxygen as the water sample can be readily contaminated by the oxygen in the atmosphere CHEMetrics Vacu Vials self filling reagent ampoules provide the ideal means of carrying out this test The tip of the ampoule is dipped into the water sample and is then broken to allow the vial to fill with water In this way there is no possibility of contamination from the air The Vacu Vial DO 2 0 test uses a reagent based on the indigo carmine method Indigo carmine in its reduced form reacts with dissolved oxygen to form a blue complex The intensity of the colors formed in the tests is proportional to the dissolved oxygen content of the water and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment DO Vial Set DO 2 0 503 YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer DO test reagents are light sensitive Store tubes in original containers and keep the box closed when not in use Test Procedure Read the Oxygen test instructions leaflet contained in the CHEMetrics Vacu Vials pack Observe these various recommendations regarding sample handling and use of Vacu Vials 1 Carry out the test in accordance with the test procedure given in the CHEMetrics instruction leaflet Observe the time periods given in the test instructions 2 Select Phot 50 on the photometer The wavelength is set automatically
9. dissolve tablet Take the photometer reading on Phot 7 immediately as result may drift on standing in usual manner Result A Continue the test by adding one DPD No 3 tablet Crush tablet mix to dissolve and then stand for two minutes Take photometer reading Result C Continue the test by adding one DPD Acidifying tablet Crush tablet mix to dissolve and then stand for two minutes Add one DPD Neutralising tablet crush and mix to dissolve Take the photometer reading Result D The results of the tests in terms of mg l chlorine are calculated from the observed results as follows Chlorine Dioxide 5G Free Chlorine A Combined Chlorine C A Chlorite D C Total Oxidising Capacity D G 4G ERBHEEHHE o PHOT 7 3AUTO BE BEE b PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLORINE DIOXIDE AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR CHLORINE DIOXIDE SELECTION AND OTHER RESIDUALS IN WATER 0 25 0 mg l as CI 0 9 5 mg l as CIO Chlorine dioxide is used for the disinfection of water in a variety of different applications Chlorine dioxide is normally generated by reacting chlorine with sodium chlorite solution in specially designed plant and equipment Water treated with chlorine dioxide may therefore also contain amounts of chlorine and chlorite For the control of such water treatment systems it is necessary to determine and differentiate between these different residual species The YS
10. further reaction with any monochloramine present The increase in color intensity is therefore proportional to the monochloramine concentration Subsequent addition of excess potassium iodide causes dichloramine to react in a similar manner The increase in color intensity is now proportional to the dichloramine concentration In this way it is possible to differentiate between free chlorine monochloramine and dichloramine residuals present in the sample The color intensities at each stage of the test are measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 1 Tablets YSI DPD No 2 Tablets YSI DPD No 3 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Separation of Chlorine Residuals The photometer is programmed for free chlorine and for the chloramine stages Use program Phot 71 Free Chlorine then select Follow On from screen options to continue test for program 72 Monochloramine and again for program 73 Dichloramine Test Procedure 1 2 Rinse test tube with sample leaving two or three drops of sample in the tube Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush tablet and then fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet Select Phot 71 on photometer 4 Take photometer reading immediately as result may drift on standing in 10 usual manner see photometer instructions The result represents the free chlorine residual as mg l CI To measure monochloramine c
11. mud mmm PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method SULFIDE AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR SULFIDE IN SELECTION NATURAL AND WASTE WATERS 0 0 5 mg l Natural waters containing dissolved hydrogen sulfide and other sulfides are found in certain parts of the world particularly in areas having hot springs Sul fides are constituents of many industrial wastes such as those from tanneries gas plants and chemical works Sulfides can be toxic to fish and aquatic life and their presence in water supplies gives rise to undesirable tastes and odours The YSI Sulfide Test provides a simple method of measuring total available sulphide over the range 0 0 5 mg l and is particularly applicable to natural and drinking waters Higher levels such as those found in effluents and waste waters can be determined by diluting the sample Method This simplified method for the determination of sulphide is based on a reagent containing diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD and potassium dichromate Sul fide reacts with this reagent in acid solution to produce a blue colored complex In the absence of sulphide the reagent produces a pink color Chlorine and other oxidizing agents which normally react with DPD do not interfere with the test The reagents are provided in the form of two tablets and the test is simply carried out by adding one of each tablet to a sample of the water The color produced is indicative of the sulphide concentration an
12. spoon pack to aid measuring out the powder Fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark and add one level spoonful of conditioning reagent Mix to dissolve reagent then continue the test as described in the above test instructions If turbidity still forms in the test repeat using two level spoonfuls of conditioning reagent Notes 1 At low temperatures the rate of color development in the test may be slower If the sample temperature is below 20 C allow 15 minutes for the color to develop 2 Ammonia concentrations can be expressed in a number of different ways The following factors may be used for the conversion of readings To convert from N to NH multiply by 1 3 To convert from N to NH3 multiply by 1 2 PHOT 5 AUTO YSI PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method BROMINE AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR FREE COMBINED AND SELECTION TOTAL BROMINE IN WATER 0 10 0 mg l Bromine and bromine release compounds are used for the disinfection of swimming pool water and in many other water treatment systems Accurate measurement of the bromine residual is an essential aspect of control of these processes The bromine level can be expressed in terms of the free bromine combined bromine or total bromine residuals However free and combined bromine are both considered powerful disinfectants and it is not normally necessary to differentiate between these two forms For the majority of applications therefore
13. the measurement of the total residual is sufficient The YSI DPD bromine method provides a simple means of measuring bromine residuals over the range 0 10 0 mg l A supplementary procedure can be used to differentiate between free and combined bromine if desired Method The YSI bromine test uses the DPD method now internationally recognised as the standard method of testing for disinfectant residuals In the DPD method the reagents are provided in tablet form for maximum convenience and simplicity of use Bromine reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration The intensity of the color is proportional to the total bromine concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer For the separate determination of free and combined bromine a supplementary procedure using sodium nitrite is used The nitrite destroys the free bromine in the sample and the color produced in the DPD test then corresponds to the combined bromine only The free bromine content is thus obtained by difference between the total bromine and combined bromine results Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 1 Clear Tablets YSI DPD Nitrite Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Separation of Bromine Residuals The photometer is programmed for both total and free bromine Use program Phot 5 Total Bromine then select the Follow On option on screen to continue test for program Phot 6
14. then press OK to start the timer The maximum time is 29 minutes and 59 seconds Use the and gt keys to reposition the cursor and re enter the time if it is keyed in incorrectly The timer will count down giving an audible alarm at the end of the timed period Press OK to stop the alarm During the timer countdown period an Options menu is available Stop used to abort the timing operation or to stop the alarm at the end of the timed period used to return to the program screen to take readings The timer will continue to run and give an audible alarm at the end of the period Exit and Read used to return to the program screen with the timer counting down on screen The instrument will automatically take a reading at the end of the timed period and no alarm will sound Exit User Defined Tests 9500 Only Users may wish to develop their own test methods and store the calibration data on the 9500 This will allow direct reading of user tests The 9500 has the facility to store up to 30 user defined calibrations To program user defined calibrations Turn the instrument ON select System menu and press OK Scroll through the options to the USB entry and make sure the option is set to Com Port At the PC open the HyperTerminal connection for the 9500 contact YSI Technical Support Department to receive the virtual comport drivers for installation to PC At the instrument in the Sys
15. 3 Add one Silica PR tablet crush and mix to dissolve This stage may be omitted if the sample is known to be completely free of phosphate 4 Add one Silica No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for one minute to allow full color development 5 Select Phot 31 on photometer 6 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions 7 The result is displayed as mg l SiO Note For testing high levels of Silica the YSI Silica HR test should be used The range of this test is 0 100 mg l see Test Instruction Phot 56 PHOT 32 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method SULFATE AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR SULFATE IN SELECTION NATURAL AND TREATED WATERS 0 200 mg Sulfates occur naturally in many waters Sulfates are introduced into treated waters by the use of such chemicals as aluminium sulphate sodium bisulphate dry acid and sulphuric acid The presence of high levels of sulphate can be undesirable for a number of reasons In industrial waters containing sulfate localised corrosion of iron steel and aluminum in plant and pipe work can occur through the action of sulfate reducing bacteria These bacteria which generate sulphides cause a characteristic pitting of the metal surface High sulfate levels can also cause damage to concrete and cement based materials through the formation of calcium sulfhoaluminate This causes expansion and crumbling of the cement It can affect con
16. 595 Important Note Chlorine dioxide is extremely volatile and can be lost from solution very easily Extreme care must be taken when extracting and dispensing samples to minimise any loss from solution to ensure accurate measurement When pouring the sample into a test tube it is recommended that this is done by holding the tube at a slight angle and pouring slowly and gently down the side of the tube to minimise any splashing and turbulence which may cause loss of chlorine dioxide vapour Test Procedure Chlorine Dioxide 1 Rinse a clean test tube with sample leaving a few drops in the tube 2 Add one Chlordiox Buffer tablet and one Chlordiox LR tablet crush and mix both together in the small volume of sample left in the tube to produce an even mixture of well crushed material 3 Rinse and fill another clean test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark and slowly pour this into the tube containing the crushed tablets 4 Mix the tube contents with a crushing rod to ensure complete dissolution of the tablet material 5 Stand for one minute to allow the chlorine dioxide to react with the indicator 6 Select Phot 74 on photometer 7 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions This result represents the chlorine dioxide residual in terms of mg l ClO Note to obtain the chlorine dioxide residual as mg l Cl divide the result by 1 9 Interferences Studies of the effect of expected levels of common species w
17. 9500 photometer has an internal memory which can hold up to 500 test results Once the memory is full each new result overwrites the oldest entry Select View Log to view stored results on screen The and keys may be used to scroll through the list of stored results The Options menu offers several choices Select Clear to empty the memory Confirmation is requested to avoid accidentally erasing the data Select Exit to return to SYSTEM mode Select Download to transmit stored data to a PC This option only appears if the USB mode is set to COM Port Refer to Interface Connection and Data Memory for further information Back Light The graphic display features a backlight to enhance the display contrast This may be switched off to conserve power when working on battery power Language Options The photometer can be operated in a number of different languages When a particular language is selected the test names and operating commands will appear in that language Certain tests and unit options are provided in accordance with the conventions of particular countries and are only available when the photometer is switched to the language that particular country Units The photometer offers the choice of result expressed in mg l ppm mmol l umol and g l Sample Number 9500 Only A unique number may be associated with each result record to identify it in the log If Sample Number On is selected t
18. Iron MR Iron Phot 39 PHOT 19 Iron HR Iron Phot 19 PHOT 21 Magnesium Magnecol Magnesium Phot 21 PHOT 20 Manganese Manganese Phot 20 PHOT 42 Molybdate LR Molybdate Phot 42 PHOT 22 Molybdate HR Molybdate Phot 22 PHOT 53 Nickel Nickeltest Nickel Phot 53 Instruction Sheet Reagent System Parameter Pr x dieu Numi Number PHOT 23 Nitrate Nitratest Nitrate Nitrogen Phot 23 PHOT 24 Nitrite Nitricol Nitrite Nitrogen Phot 24 PHOT 43 Nitrite Nitriphot Sodium Nitrite Phot 43 Org Pho Phos Phot 44 FESTER Organophosphonate OP Organophosphonate Continuation test Phot 45 Ozone Chlor Phot 25 Saee Ozone Ozone Continuation test Phot 26 PHOT 27 pH Value pH Phenol Red Phot 27 PHOT 54 Phenol Phenoltest Phenol Phot 54 PHOT 52 PHMB PHMB PHOT PHMB Phot 52 PHOT 28 Phosphate LR Phosphate Phot 28 PHOT 29 Phosphate HR Phosphate Phot 29 PHOT 30 Potassium Potassium Phot 30 PHOT 31 Silica LR Silica Phot 31 PHOT 56 Silica HR Silica Phot 56 PHOT 32 Sulfate Sulfate Phot 32 PHOT 33 Sulfide Sulfide Phot 33 PHOT 34 Sulfite Sulfitest Sulfite Phot 34 PHOT 48 Turbidity Turbidity Phot 48 PHOT 35 Zinc Zinc Copper Phot 35 Zinc Continuation test Phot 36 Continuation tests cannot be accessed directly WREEHEHENE oo PHOT 2 AUTO mud mmm PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS ALKALI N ITY Photometer Method Automa
19. PHOT 7 3 AUTO BE BERE lE PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLORINE DIOXIDE AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR CHLORINE DIOXIDE SELECTION AND OTHER RESIDUALS IN WATER 0 25 0 mg l as CI 0 9 5 mg l as CIO Chlorine dioxide is used for the disinfection of water in a variety of different applications Chlorine dioxide is normally generated by reacting chlorine with sodium chlorite solution in specially designed plant and equipment Water treated with chlorine dioxide may therefore also contain amounts of chlorine and chlorite For the control of such water treatment systems it is necessary to determine and differentiate between these different residual species The YSI Chlorine Dioxide method provides a precise method of determining chlorine dioxide in treated water Supplementary procedures provide for the determination of free and combined chlorine and chlorite Method Chlorine dioxide reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration Chlorine reacts in a similar manner Glycine is used to prevent the reaction with chlorine so as to give specific determination of chlorine dioxide In the supplementary part of the test the glycine is omitted and it is then possible by differences to measure the free chlorine content Subsequent addition of potassium iodide induces a further reaction with any combined chlorine present Continuation of the test using an acidific
20. and then fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet Select Phot 25 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result represents the ozone residual as milligrams per litre The test may be terminated at this stage for systems treated with ozone alone For waters containing both ozone and chlorine or bromine a correction should be made as indicated in the following section Select Follow On option on screen to continue the test program Correction for Chlorine or Bromine 1 Fill a test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one DPD Glycine tablet crush and mix to dissolve Take a second clean test tube and add two to three drops of solution from the first tube Add one DPD No 4 tablet crush and then add the remainder of the solution to make up to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet Take photometer reading in the usual manner The photometer carries out the necessary calculation and displays the corrected ozone residual as mg l O BREEWHNE EEEEEEEE PHOT 27 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method pH PHENOL RED AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR pH VALUE OF WATER SELECTION AND AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS VERS pH measurement is one of the tests most frequently carried out on water and aqueous solutions The phenol red indicator method provides a simple colori metric means of pH determination for neutral and slightly alkaline waters
21. applications are higher than those normally applied for the simple disinfection of water Accurate measurement of the chlorine level is necessary to ensure it is sufficient for the intended use The YSI Chlorine HR test provides a simple means of measuring the total chlorine over the range 0 250 mg l Method The YSI Chlorine HR test is based on an iodine release method Chlorine reacts with potassium iodide in acid solution to release iodine which is brown in color The reagents for the test are provided in the form of two tablets for maximum convenience and simplicity of use The intensity of the color produced is proportional to the chlorine concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Acidifying GP Tablets YSI Chlorine HR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Acidifying GP tablet and one Chlorine HR tablet Crush tablets and mix to dissolve Allow any undissolved particles to settle 3 Select Phot 9 on photometer 4 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions 5 The result is displayed as mg l Cl Note For precise determination of lower levels of chlorine up to 5 mg l the YSI Chlorine DPD method should be used BREEWHNE SEE pann PHOT 10 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS COPPER Photometer Method COPPERCOL peepee WAVELENGTH TEST FOR F
22. beverages and causes unsightly staining of laundered clothes plumbing fittings swimming pool surfaces and the like The formation of insoluble iron deposits is troublesome in many industrial applications and in agricultural water uses such as drip feed irrigation In industry iron salts occur through corrosion of plant and equipment and from industrial processes Iron is therefore an important test for the monitoring of natural and drinking waters for corrosion control in industry and for the checking of effluents and waste waters The YSI Iron LR test provides a simple test for the determination of low levels of iron in water over the range 0 1 mg l Fe The test responds to both ferrous and ferric iron and thus gives a measure of the total iron content of the water Method The YSI Iron LR test is based on a single tablet reagent containing 3 2 Pyridyl 5 6 bis 4 phenyl sulphonic acid 1 2 4 triazine PPST formulated with a decomplexing reducing agent in an acid buffer The test is simply carried out by adding a tablet to a sample of the water under test The decomplexing reducing agent breaks down weakly complexed forms of iron and converts the iron from the ferric to the ferrous form The ferrous iron reacts with PPST to form a pink coloration The intensity of the color produced is proportional to the iron concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Iron LR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photo
23. computer via the USB port using any suitable USB cable ie YPT 746 e Turn the instrument ON and select SYSTEM mode from the Options menu e Scroll to USB and select either Hard Drive or COM Port Hard Drive Once this option is selected simply turning the instrument ON while it is connected to a PC will cause an extra hard drive containing the instrument files to appear on the PC The log of test results is in text file 9500_LOG txt The other files shown on screen contain calibration and operating systems for use when upgrading the instrument and should not be accessed The log file can be copied from the instrument by dragging between windows Once copied the file can be opened with many text editors word processors or spreadsheet programs Note Deleting this file from the instrument s hard drive will clear the data from the instrument memory COM Port Once this option is selected data can be downloaded from the instrument to the PC e Open the Virtual COM Port HyperTerminal window on the computer e Inthe instrument SYSTEM mode scroll to View Log and select Download e The data from the log will appear on the PC screen and can be transferred to other PC applications or printed Unplugged Note that the Hard Drive or Com Port may only be selected while the instrument is being powered via its USB port If the instrument is running on batteries and is not
24. depending on the application involved Moreover since molybdates are widely used in water treatment and in industrial processes molybdate is an increasingly important test for effluents and industrial discharges The YSI Molybdate HR test provides a simple means of measuring high levels of molybdate in industrial waters and effluents and covers the range 0 100 mg l MoOA Method Molybdates react with thioglycollate under acid conditions to give a yellow colored complex Slightly oxidising conditions are maintained during the acidification stage in order to keep the molybdate in a fully oxidised state Under the conditions of the test iron does not interfere and there is no significant interference from other metals at levels likely to be found in industrial water systems The reagents are provided in the form of two tablets for maximum convenience The test is simply carried out by adding one of each tablet to a sample of water The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the molybdate concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Molybdate No 1 HR Tablets YSI Molybdate No 2 HR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Fill round test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Molybdate No 1 HR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Molybdate No 2 HR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Select Phot 22 on photometer
25. for chromium To increase the tolerance repeat the test using two Chromicol No 1 tablets and one Chromicol No 2 tablet Tannin causes complexation which prevents a response in the test PHOT 56 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method SILICA HR AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR SILICA IN NATURAL SELECTION AND INDUSTRIAL WATERS 0 150 mg l SiO Silicon in the form of silica is one of the earth s most abundant elements Silicon is found widely in natural waters as colloidal silica or soluble silicates Silica and silicates do not normally cause any problems in water intended for domestic consumption However their presence is undesirable in water used in a variety of industrial applications This is because of the tendency of such water to form a hard scale on equipment Silica and silicate containing waters are particularly troublesome in steam generating plant such as high pressure boilers since silica scale can build up on turbine blades Formulations containing silicate are used in industrial water treatment as it is necessary to control the silicate within specified levels The YSI Silica test provides a simple means of measuring silica and silicate levels in natural treated industrial and cooling waters over the range 0 150 mg l SiO Method Sodium molybdate reacts with silica under acid conditions to produce molybdosilicic acid Phosphate reacts in a similar manner Interference by phosphate is pr
26. ir Re fats Tease iaa aaa 21 Limitation of Warranty o eee e EO rade oven ee ee 22 Contact NOM ALON esse cuoio creer ch etre eet aerea E EDIDI Pe Race Decr Era EROR 22 1 INTRODUCTION The YSI 9300 and 9500 direct read photometers are designed to give long and trouble free operation To ensure the best results please read this manual carefully and follow the procedures recommended This manual covers both the 9300 and 9500 photometers Therefore some of the information only pertains to the 9500 as is noted in the appropriate sections The Photometers feature digital electronics and built in filters It is lightweight and portable for field or laboratory use The instruments are rugged durable and P 67 rated Additionally the photometers are direct reading have automatic blank setting automatic wavelength selection and automatic power cut off The following pages describe the use of the photometers and give instructions for the wide range of water tests which can be performed using these instruments Keep the photometer clean and in good working order by adhering to the following recommendations e Do not pour out samples or prepare the tests directly over the instrument e Always cap the test tubes before inserting into the instrument for readings e Wipe test tubes with a clean tissue to remove drips or condensation before placing in the photometer e Do not leave tubes standing in the photometer test chamber Remove the tub
27. is carried out simply by adding the appropriate tablets to a sample of the water A further tablet reagent is used to prevent interference due to metal ions The intensity of the red color produced in the test is proportional to the concentration of phenolic compounds present in the sample and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Phenoltest No 1 Tablets YSI Phenoltest No 2 Tablets YSI Phenoltest PR Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 2 co 4 0 0 O Fill round test tube to the 10 ml mark with sample In the case of samples known to contain copper zinc iron or manganese ions add one Phenoltest PR tablet Crush and mix to dissolve Add one Phenoltest No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Phenoltest No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for 10 minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 54 on the photometer Take photometer reading in the usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l CeHsOH Interferences 1 Use of the Phenoltest PR tablet will prevent interference from metal ions up to a concentration of 350 mg l The test is unaffected by free chlorine in the sample up to 10 mg l Low results may be obtained in samples containing more than 150 mg l alkalinity as CaCO3 10 mg l sulphite or 2 mg l sulphide Certain organic keto enol compounds may cause high results In the c
28. manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l Mn Notes 1 Color formation is extremely sensitive to temperature The sample temperature should be 20 1 C for optimum test results It is important to observe the standing period of 20 minutes 1 minute for optimum test results Any continuing color development or color change after this period should be ignored EHEHBENHEH EBEEHEEER PHOT 21 AUTO mum aum PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS M AG N FSI U M Photometer Method AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH MAG N ECOL SELECTION TEST FOR MAGNESIUM IN WATER 0 100 mg l Magnesium is a widely occurring natural element and is found in most water supplies Magnesium salts contribute to the hardness of water and higher levels of magnesium will be found therefore in hard water areas Scale formation in heating and steam raising equipment is promoted by the presence of magnesium salts in the water Magnesium salts do however have a lower scale forming tendency than calcium salts The YSI Magnecol test provides a simple means of measuring magnesium levels in water over the range 0 100 mg l Mg METHOD The YSI Magnecol test is based on a simple colorimetric procedure Magnesium reacts with an organic reagent to produce an orange colored complex The reagent itself is yellow and thus over the range of the test a series of colors from yellow through to orange are produced The color produced in the test is indicative
29. of the magnesium concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT YSI Magnecol Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Measuring Syringe 1 ml PT 361 TEST PROCEDURE 1 Using the measuring syringe take a 1 ml sample of the water under test Transfer to the round test tube and make up to the 10 ml mark with deionised water Add one Magnecol tablet crush and mix to dissolve 3 Stand for five minutes to allow full color development and the slight turbidity to clear 4 Select Phot 21 on photometer for result as mg l Mg Select Phot 61 for result as magnesium hardness mg l CaCO 5 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions Note To convert mg l Mg to magnesium hardness as CaCO multiply by 4 2 PHOT 22 AUTO BERI BE PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS MOLYBDATE HR PHOTOMETER METHOD AUTOMATIC TEST FOR LOW LEVELS WAVELENGTH OF MOLYBDATE IN SELECTION INDUSTRIAL WATERS AND EFFLUENTS 0 100 mg l Moo Formulations containing Molybdate are used as corrosion inhibitors in industrial water treatment In particular molybdate finds application in closed recirculating systems such as hot water heating systems and chilled water systems Molybdate based formulations have replaced older forms of corrosion inhibitor such as chromate When using molybdate treatment it is necessary to control the Molybdate concentration within specified levels
30. over the range 6 8 8 4 units The Phenol Red pH test is particularly applicable to testing swimming pools and spas Method The YSI Phenol Red test uses a tablet reagent containing the precise amount of phenol red indicator required for the test Phenol red reacts in water at different pH values over the range 6 8 8 4 to produce a distinctive range of colors from yellow to red The color of the test solution is indicative of the pH value and is measured using a YSI Photometer Phenol red tablets contain a dechlorinating agent so that the test can be carried out in water containing normal levels of chlorine or other disinfectant residuals Reagents and Equipment YSI Phenol Red Clear Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Phenol Red tablet crush and mix to dissolve 2 3 Select Phot 27 on photometer 4 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions Notes 1 The color range of the phenol red test is yellow through orange to red The formation of an intense purple coloration shows that the indicator has been affected by high chlorine or other disinfectant residuals In such cases the result should be disregarded Phenol red does not show any further color change at pH values below 6 8 or above 8 4 Note therefore that when such values are recorded this could indicate that the sample has a much lo
31. reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l Zn FOR COPPER CONTAINING SAMPLES ONLY Continue the teston the same test portion Select the Follow On option on screen to continue the test program Add one EDTA tablet crush and mix to dissolve Take photometer reading in usual manner The photometer displays the corrected zinc concentration as mg l Zn WREEHEHENE oo PHOT 37 AUTO mud mmm PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS ALKALINITY M and P Photometer Method AUTOMATIC ALKAPHOT M and P waverencm SELECTION TESTS FOR ALKALINITY M and P IN BOILER o 500 mg I CaCO WATER AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL WATERS The Alkalinity of water is caused by the presence of alkaline substances such as hydroxides carbonates bicarbonates and to a lesser extent silicates and phosphates Quantitatively alkalinity is the capacity of the water to react with acid to a specified pH end point The value obtained will depend on the pH indicator used Two measures of alkalinity are conventionally applied Alkaphot M Alkalinity to methyl orange and Alkaphot P Alkalinity to phenolphthalein Alkalinity is an important test parameter in a number of industrial water uses notably in boiler water treatment Boilers and steam raising plant are normally operated under conditions of high alkalinity in order to minimise corrosion and the monitoring of alkalinity is an important control test The YSI Alkaphot M and A
32. tablet form for maximum convenience and simplicity of use Free chlorine reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration The intensity of the color is proportional to the free chlorine concentration Subsequent addition of excess potassium iodide induces a further reaction with any combined chlorine present The color intensity is now proportional to the total chlorine concentration the increase in intensity repre sents the combined chlorine concentration In this way it is possible to differentiate between free and combined chlorine present in the sample The color intensities are measured using a YSI Photometer The DPD Oxystop tablet is added after measurement for free chlorine but before the DPD No 3 tablet It prevents the reaction between shock treatment chemicals and potassium iodide which would give a positive response Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 1 Tablets YSI DPD Oxystop Tablets Optional YSI DPD No 3 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Separation of Chlorine Residuals The photometer is programmed for both free and total chlorine Use program Phot 7 Free Chlorine then select the Follow On option on screen to continue test for program Phot 8 Total Chlorine Test Instructions 1 2 10 11 12 Rinse test tube with sample leaving two or three drops of sample in the tube Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush tablet and then f
33. the hexavalent form The test is then repeated to give a measure of the total soluble chromium content of the water The difference between the two readings gives a measure of trivalent chromium The intensity of color produced in the tests is proportional to the chromium concentrations and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment For Hexavalent Chromium YS Chromicol No 1 Tablets YS Chromicol No 2 Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer YSI Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 For Trivalent and Total Chromium YSI Chromicol CR Reagent Spoon Pack YSI Pretreatment Tube 20 ml plastic PT 526 Filtration Kit 0 45um PT 601 Chromicol CR Reagent and the Pretreatment Tube are additional items required in the tests for total and trivalent chromium These items are available as a supplementary pack AT 283 for use in conjunction with standard Chromicol reagent packs PM 281 and AP 281 A filtration is required during the course of the procedure for total and trivalent chromium The use of YSI Filtration Kit PT 601 is recommended for this purpose Alternatively standard laboratory equipment with Whatman 0 45um or equivalent membrane filters may be used Test Procedure Hexavalent Chromium BR WN LB ul Fill round test tube to the 10 ml mark Add one Chromicol No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Chromicol No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for 10 minutes without disturbing the so
34. will cause low results for organophosphonate Samples containing chloride levels in excess of this value should be further diluted prior to the start of the test Note The results of this test are expressed in terms of mg l ppm active phosphate content Commercially available products are normally sold as aqueous formulations with a given active content To utilise the test results regard must be paid to the active content of the product in use PHOT 46 AUTO BE BERE PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLORIDE AUTOMATIC CHLORIDOL SELECTION 0 50 mg l CI to TEST FOR CHLORIDE SALT IN WATER 0 50 000 mg l NaCl The YSI Chloridol test provides a simple method for measuring chloride salt levels There are many applications in water technology that require determination of chlorides These include the measurement of low levels of chloride to determine the extent of carry over in boiler condensates chloride determination to assess salt build up in swimming pools or boiler waters and measurement of high chloride levels for testing sea water or determining the saltiness of brackish waters A further application is for checking swimming pools where salt has been artificially added to simulate sea water bathing or where this is necessary for the operation of certain types of electrolytic hypochlorite generator The test can be used for measuring these widely different chloride concentrations by varying the samp
35. 10 Test Calibration Select Program Phot 46 Range 0 50 mg l CI or Phot 51 Range 0 500 mg l CI or Phot 101 Range 0 10 000 mg l NaCl or Phot 102 Range 0 50 000 mg l NaCl Test Instructions For Testing Boiler Condensate and Softened Waters ONLY Range 0 50 mg l CI 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark For Testing Natural Waters Drinking Water Swimming Pools and Boiler Waters Range 0 500 mg l CI Using the measuring syringe take 1 ml of sample Transfer to the test tube and make up to the 10 ml mark with deionised water For Testing Salt Chlorinator Treated Swimming Pools Range 0 10 000 mg l NaCl Using the measuring syringe take 0 5 ml of sample Transfer to the sample container PT 510 then make up to the 100 ml mark with deionised water Cap tube and mix Fill test tube to the 10 ml mark with solution from the sample container For Testing Sea Water and Brackish Waters Range 0 50 000 mg l NaCl Using the measuring syringe take 0 1 ml of sample Transfer to the sample container PT 510 then make up to the 100 ml mark with deionised water Cap tube and mix Fill test tube to the 10 ml mark with solution from the sample container Add one Acidifying CD tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Chloridol tablet allow the tablet to disintegrate for two minutes then crush any remaining particles and mix A cloudy solution indicates the presence of chloride 5 Select the appropriate p
36. 20 mg l Moo Formulations containing molybdate are used as corrosion inhibitors in industrial water treatment In particular low level molybdate treatment finds application in cooling systems Molybdate based formulations have replaced older forms of corrosion inhibitors When using molybdate treatment it is necessary to control the molybdate concentration within specified levels depending on the application involved Moreover since molybdates are widely used in water treatment and in industrial processes molybdate is an increasingly important test for effluents and industrial discharges The YSI Molybdate LR test provides a simple means of measuring low levels of molybdate in industrial waters and effluents and covers the range 0 20 mg l MoO 0 12 mg IMo Method Molybdates react with a dihydroxybenzene disulphonlc acid salt under slightly acid conditions to give a yellow colored complex Under the conditions of the test iron does not interfere and there is no significant interference from other metals at levels likely to be found in industrial water systems see Notes The reagents are provided in the form of two tablets for maximum convenience The test is simply carried out by adding one of each tablet to a sample of water The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the molybdate concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Molybdate No 1 LR Tablets YSI Molybda
37. 3 tablet It prevents the reaction between shock treatment chemicals and potassium iodide which would give a positive response Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 1 Tablets YSI DPD Oxystop Tablets Optional YSI DPD No 3 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Separation of Chlorine Residuals The photometer is programmed for both free and total chlorine Use program Phot 7 Free Chlorine then select the Follow On option on screen to continue test for program Phot 8 Total Chlorine Test Instructions 1 Rinse test tube with sample leaving two or three drops of sample in the tube 2 Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush tablet and then fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet 3 Select Phot 7 on photometer 4 Take photometer reading immediately as result may drift on standing in usual manner see photometer instructions 5 The result represents the free chlorine residual as milligrams per litre Stop the test at this stage if only free chlorine determination is required 6 If it is desired to measure combined or total chlorine residual continue the test on the same test portion Select the Follow On from screen options to continue the test program 7 f shock treatment chemicals are present in the pool add one DPD Oxystop tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for one minute before proceeding 8 Add one DPD No 3 tablet crush and mix to dissolve 9 Stand for
38. 650 nm e Chemical symbols up to 8 characters e Data pairs Up to 10 pairs of data in the form ABSORBANCE x xxx CONCENTRATION Concentration may be up to five digits An example is shown below USER CALI BRATION 900 Chlorine mmol l 500nm CI2 0 0 0 174 0 50 0 481 1 50 0 733 2 50 0 854 3 00 1 022 4 00 1 086 4 50 1 187 5 00 END 6 CARE AND MAINTENANCE The photometer is designed to give long and trouble free operation Care must be taken however to avoid test solutions being spilt over the instrument and to prevent contamination of the instrument Spillages or moisture should be wiped off immediately with a dry cloth Never use solvents or abrasive materials to clean the instrument Care should be taken to keep the test chamber clean Cleaning the Optics Any build up of dirt or deposits may interrupt light transmission and affect readings To clean the optics undo the two screws to remove the optics base plate Gently clean the internal surfaces of the optics with a soft non abrasive cloth Deposits may be removed with a slightly dampened cotton bud Replace the optics base plate and re fasten the screws The photometer is fitted with long life light sources and contains no user serviceable components If the instrument requires servicing or repair contact YSI Technical Support Department Service Requirement Servicing of the photometer is essential to ensure optimum performance To arrange service of
39. AVELENGTH TEST FOR HIGH LEVELS OF IRON SELECTION IN NATURAL AND TREATED WATER 0 10 mg l Iron occurs widely in nature and is found in many natural and treated waters Iron is an objectionable constituent in both domestic and industrial water supplies The presence of iron affects the taste of beverages and causes unsightly staining of laundered clothes plumbing fittings swimming pool surfaces and the like The formation of insoluble iron deposits is troublesome in many industrial applications and in agricultural water uses such as drip feed irrigation In industry iron salts occur through corrosion of plant and equipment and from industrial processes Iron is therefore an important test for the monitoring of natural and drinking waters for corrosion control in industry and for the checking of effluents and waste waters The YSI Iron HR test provides a simple test for the determination of high levels of iron in water over the range 0 10 mg l Fe The test responds to both ferrous and ferric iron and thus gives a measure of the total iron content of the water Method The YSI Iron HR test is based on a single tablet reagent containing an alkaline thioglycollate The test is carried out simply by adding a tablet to a sample of the water under test The thioglycollate reduces ferric iron to ferrous iron and this together with any ferrous iron already present in the sample reacts to give a pink coloration The intensity of the color produc
40. BLET REAGENT SYSTEM Alkalinity Total Alkaphot Alkalinity M and P Alkaphot M P Aluminum Ammonia Bromine Calcium Hardness Calcicol Chloride Chloridol Chlorine DPD Chlorine DPD4 Chlorine Chloramines DPD Chlorine Dioxide LR Chlorine Dioxide HR Chlorine Dioxide DPD Glycine Method Chlorine HR Chromium Chromicol Color Copper Coppercol Total and Free Copper Free Cyanuric Acid Dissolved Oxygen 0 0 0 8 vials Dissolved Oxygen 0 0 2 0 vials Fluoride Hardness Total Hardicol Hydrazine Hydrogen Peroxide LR Hydrogen Peroxide HR ron LR ron MR ron HR Magnesium Magnecol Manganese Molybdate LR Molybdate HR Nickel Nickeltest Nitrate Nitratest Nitrite Nitricol Nitrite Nitriphot Organophosphonate OP Ozone pH Value Phenol Phenoltest PHMB PHMB PHOT Phosphate LR Phosphate HR Potassium Silica LR Silica HR Sulfate Sulfide Sulfite Sulfitest Turbidity Zinc PHOT INST PHOT 35 Direct Reading Photometer Program Schedule TABLET REAGENT SYSTEM Instruction Sheet Reagent System Parameter Beso Nun bes Number Transmittance 96 Phot 0 Absorbance Photl PHOT 2 Alkalinity Total Alkaphot Total Alkalinity Phot 2 PHOT 37 Alkalinity M Alkaphot M Alkalinity M Phot 37 M PHOT 37 Al
41. Free Bromine The Free Bromine residual is calculated automatically Test Procedure 1 Rinse test tube with sample leaving two to three drops of sample in the tube 2 Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush tablet and then fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 3 Select Phot 5 on the photometer 4 Take photometer reading 96 T in usual manner see photometer instructions 5 Result displayed is Total Bromine as mg l Br For most purposes the test can be terminated at this stage If it is desired to measure free and combined bromine select Follow On from screen options and proceed as indicated in the following section Test Procedure Free and Combined Bromine 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one DPD Nitrite tablet crush and mix to dissolve 2 Take a second clean test tube and add two to three drops of solution from the first tube Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush and then add the remainder of the solution to make up to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet 3 Take photometer reading in usual manner 4 The photometer carries out the necessary calculation and displays the Free Bromine residual as mg l Br Note In systems containing both chlorine and bromine it is possible to differentiate between the chlorine and bromine residuals using a supplementary procedure involving YSI DPD Glycine tablets Details of this procedure are given on a separate instruction sheet ERBHEEHHE o PHOT 7 1 AUTO BE BEE
42. I Chlorine Dioxide method provides a precise method of determining chlorine dioxide in treated water Supplementary procedures provide for the determination of free and combined chlorine and chlorite Method Chlorine dioxide reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration Chlorine reacts in a similar manner Glycine is used to prevent the reaction with chlorine so as to give specific determination of chlorine dioxide In the supplementary part of the test the glycine is omitted and it is then possible by differences to measure the free chlorine content Subsequent addition of potassium iodide induces a further reaction with any combined chlorine present Continuation of the test using an acidification and neutralization procedure produces a further reaction and in this way the chlorite concentration can be determined The color intensities at each stage of the test are measured using a YSI Photometer and the concentration of each individual component are obtained by a simple calculation It is normal practice to express the concentration of each component in terms of the equivalent chlorine concentration Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 1 Tablets YSI DPD No 3 Tablets YSI DPD Glycine Tablets YSI DPD Acidifying Tablets YSI DPD Neutralizing Tables YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedures 1 2 Rinse a clean test tube with sample the
43. I Zinc test a tablet reagent containing both Zincon and an alkaline buffer is used for maximum convenience The test is simply carried out by adding a tablet to a sample of the water Samples containing high chlorine residuals are pre treated with a special dechlorinating tablet to prevent bleaching of the test colors The color produced in the test is indicative of the zinc concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Copper reacts in a similar manner to zinc and a correction procedure using EDTA is applied to those samples which contain both zinc and copper EDTA destroys the color complex formed with zinc Reagents and Equipment YSI Zinc Tablets YSI Zinc Dechlor Tablets YSI EDTA Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 SEPARATION OF RESIDUALS The photometer is programmed for both zinc and the copper correction procedure Use program Phot 35 Zinc Copper then select the Follow On option on screen to continue test for program Phot 36 Corrected Zinc The corrected zinc value is calculated automatically Test Procedure 1 2 10 Fill test tube to the 10 ml mark IN THE CASE OF CHLORINE CONTAINING SAMPLE ONLY Add one Zinc Dechlor tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Zinc tablet crush and mix to dissolve Allow the sample to stand for five minutes then mix again to ensure complete dissolution of the indicator Select Phot 35 on photometer Take photometer
44. IC ACID SELECTION IN SWIMMING POOL WATER 0 200 mei Cyanuric acid is extensively used as a chlorine stabiliser in swimming pool water Cyanuric acid itself may be added to the water when the pool is first filled or may be introduced gradually through the use of chloroisocyanurate based chlorine donors Swimming pool water treatment instructions generally recommend a cyanuric acid level within the range 30 200 mg l In some countries a lower maximum level is recommended The YSI Cyanuric Acid test provides a simple method of measuring cyanuric acid level over the range 0 200 mg l Method The YSI Cyanuric Acid test is based on a single tablet reagent containing melamine and a buffer Cyanuric acid reacts with melamine in buffered solution to form an insoluble complex At the cyanuric acid levels encountered in pool water this is observed as turbidity in the test sample The degree of turbidity is proportional to the cyanuric acid concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Cyanuric Acid Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 YSI Dilution Tube PT 512 Test Procedure 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Cyanuric Acid tablet and allow to disintegrate for at least two minutes A cloudy solution indicates the presence of cyanuric acid 3 Crush any remaining undissolved tablet and mix to ensure uniformity 4 Select Phot 13 on photometer 5 Ta
45. INE DIOXIDE svtomanc WAVELENGTH TEST FOR CHLORINE DIOXIDE SELECTION AND OTHER RESIDUALS IN WATER 0 25 0 mg l as CI 0 9 5 mg l as CIO Chlorine dioxide is used for the disinfection of water in a variety of different applications Chlorine dioxide is normally generated by reacting chlorine with sodium chlorite solution in specially designed plant and equipment Water treated with chlorine dioxide may therefore also contain amounts of chlorine and chlorite For the control of such water treatment systems it is necessary to determine and differentiate between these different residual species The YSI Chlorine Dioxide method provides a precise method of determining chlorine dioxide in treated water Supplementary procedures provide for the determination of free and combined chlorine and chlorite Method Chlorine dioxide reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration Chlorine reacts in a similar manner Glycine is used to prevent the reaction with chlorine so as to give specific determination of chlorine dioxide In the supplementary part of the test the glycine is omitted and it is then possible by differences to measure the free chlorine content Subsequent addition of potassium iodide induces a further reaction with any combined chlorine present Continuation of the test using an acidification and neutralisation procedure produces a further reaction and in this way the chlorite con
46. In order to run more samples for the same parameters select Return from the options menu to take the program back to the start of the first stage of a multiple test procedure Note some continuation test procedures involve a standing period The photometer may switch off automatically during this time To avoid the instrument switching off set for continuous operation or use the timer function to time any standing period See Timer section The timer will over ride the auto switch off function Favorite Tests List The four most recently used tests are listed at the top of the Choose a Test screen for convenience Expressing Different Chemical Forms If the test result can be expressed in different chemical forms the chemical symbol will have flashing and W to indicate this Use the and keys to step through the options available Note that the log stores the result in the primary form Reading in Transmittance and Absorbance When taking readings in Transmittance or Absorbance mode use the and V keys to step through the wavelengths until the required wavelength is reached Timer The photometer features a countdown timer with alarm as an aid to carrying out test procedures The timer can be accessed at any time by selecting Timer from the Options menu The following display will appear Timer 00 00 TEN EE BX Key in the time required in minutes and seconds using the numerical keys
47. MATIC WAVELENGTH HARDICOL SELECTION TEST FOR HARDNESS IN 0 500 mg l CaCO NATURAL AND TREATED WATERS Water hardness is caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium salts High levels of hardness prevent the formation of lather with soap and can cause scaling in water systems particularly boilers heat exchangers and steam generating plant Hardness is an important control test in a wide variety of applications The YSI Hardness test provides a simple method of checking water hardness over the range 0 500 mg l CaCO Method The YSI Hardicol test is based on a unique colorimetric method The reagents are provided in tablet form and the test is carried out simply by adding the appropriate tablets to a sample of the water Under the controlled conditions of the test calcium and magnesium ions react with Hardicol indicator to produce a purple coloration The intensity of the color is proportional to the total hardness of the water and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Hardicol No 1 Tablets YSI Hardicol No 2 Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Filter sample if necessary to obtain a clear solution 2 Filltest tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 3 Add one Hardicol No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve 4 Add one Hardicol No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Ensure all particles are completely dissolved 5 Stand for two minu
48. Phot number of the desired test The four most recently used tests are listed at the top of the Choose a Test screen for convenience Press OK to accept the selected program If the sample number option is pre selected then the following display will appear for example 9500 only Sample Number 1024 Y f m Enter or confirm the sample number up to 10 digits then press OK 1 2 If the dilution factor option is pre selected then the following display will appear 9500 only Dilution Factor x1 ERI Pm FEN Press OK to accept the default value x1 no dilution or key in new dilution factor then press OK The following display will now appear Phot 007 Chlorine Free 5 Insert Blank Vg EBB gt choose a test EN Place a BLANK TUBE in the test chamber then press OK NOTE The instrument is designed to hold the blank setting as long as the instrument is switched on This stage will be omitted when further tests are being carried out However when changing to a test which requires a colored or reagent blank or uses a tube of a different diameter a new blank reading is required The Insert Blank prompt will be displayed automatically If the instrument is in used continuously it is advisable to re blank from time to time 3 The instrument will be set automatically After a few seconds the following display will appear Phot 007 Chlor
49. REE CHELATED AND SELECTION TOTAL COPPER IN NATURAL 0 5 0 mg l AND TREATED WATERS Copper occurs naturally in many waters and may also result from corrosion of pipes and fittings The presence of copper in drinking water can give rise to dis coloration or an astringent taste Chelated copper compounds are extensively used as algicides in swimming pool water home aquariums and other waters Electrolytic devices which generate copper and silver ions are used in the purification of swimming pool water The YSI Coppercol method provides a simple means of measuring copper in natural and treated waters over the range 0 5 mg l The test is particularly useful since it can be used to measure specifically the concentrations of free and chelated copper present in the water Method In the YSI Coppercol method copper salts are reduced to the cuprous form and then reacted with a 2 2 Biquinoline 4 4 dicarboxylic salt to form a purple colored complex This provides a measure of the free copper ions present in the sample In the second stage of the test a decomplexing agent is introduced and this induces a further reaction with any chelated copper compounds which might be present The reagents are provided in tablet form and the test is simply carried out by adding tablets to a sample of the water The intensity of color produced in the test is proportional to the copper concentrations and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment
50. TERS Calcium hardness is caused by the presence of calcium ions in the water Calcium salts can be readily precipitated from water and high levels of calcium hardness tend to promote scale formation in water systems Calcium hardness is an important control test in industrial water systems such as boilers and steam raising plant and for swimming pool waters The YSI Calcicol test provides a simple method of determining calcium hardness over the range 0 500 mg l CaCO Method The YSI Calcium Hardness test is based on the Calcicol indicator reagent method Calcium ions react specifically with Calcicol indicator in alkaline solution to give an orange coloration The reagent itself gives a violet color in solution Thus at different calcium levels a distinctive range of colors from violet to orange is produced The reagents for the method are provided in the form of two tablets The test is carried out simply by adding one of each tablet to a sample of the water The color produced is indicative of the calcium hardness and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Calcicol No 1 Tablets YSI Calcicol No 2 Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure o 0 2c NN Filter sample if necessary to obtain a clear solution Fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Calcicol No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Calcicol No 2 tablet crush and mix
51. TION BOILER FEEDWATER 0 0 8 mg I 0 1 4 mg l The presence of dissolved oxygen in water used in boilers and steam raising plant is wholly undesirable At high temperatures even small amounts of dissolved oxygen render the water highly corrosive to boiler plant the oxygen must be removed from boiler feed water by chemical treatment or by mechanical de aeration The DO 0 8 1 4 test provides a simple means of testing for dissolved oxygen in boiler water or boiler feed water The tests cover the range 0 0 8 mg l on most photometers and 0 1 4 mg l on the Photometer 8000 Method Special techniques must be employed when testing for dissolved oxygen as the water sample can be readily contaminated by the oxygen in the atmosphere CHEMetrics Vacu Vials self filling reagent ampoules provide the ideal means of carrying out this test The tip of the ampoule is dipped into the water sample and is then broken to allow the vial to fill with water In this way there is no possibility of contamination from the air The Vacu Vial DO 0 8 test uses a methodology based on Rhodazine D reagent The Rhodazine D compound in reduced form reacts with dissolved oxygen to form a bright pink complex The intensity of the colors formed in the tests is proportional to the dissolved oxygen content of the water and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment DO Vial Reagent Set 0 0 8 553 YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer DO test reagents are li
52. Use the colorless blank ampoule provided in the Starter Pack as the blank for setting the instrument 4 The photometer provides direct readings in mg l O Note Note for measuring dissolved oxygen in natural waters use the DO 15 20 test see instructions Phot 75 Vacu Vials is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc EHEBEEEH os PHOT 52 AUTO mud mmm PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method PH M B AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR PHMB BASED SANITISERS SELECTION IN SWIMMING POOL WATER 0 100 mg l Polyhexamethylbiguanide PHMB is an organic biocide used for water disinfection PHMB based sanitisers are widely used for the treatment of swimming pool water These sanitisers are typically sold under branded names for example Baquacil Zeneca Softswim Biolab Revosil Mareva and Nicosil Nico Norge The YSI PHMB test provides a simple means of measuring PHMB based sanitiser levels in swimming pool waters over the range 0 100 mg l The test is calibrated in terms of commercially available sanitiser products which normally contain 2096 active biocide Method The YSI PHMB test is based on a colorimetric method developed by Palin and now established as the standard method of testing for polyhexamethylbiguanide In the test the PHMB reacts with a sulphone phthalein indicator under mildly acid conditions to form an intense blue complex The indicator itself is yellow in color Thus at different PHMB levels a di
53. YSTEM mode should be used to set the preferred operating options e Use the and v keys to scroll through the features e Use the and v keys to select the options e Press OK to accept the selections and return to PHOTOMETER mode e Select the desired language from English French German Spanish or Italian e Select the desired display units from mg l ppm mmol l umol l and g l e Set the sample number option to On to allow the entry of a sample number during normal photometer operation model 9500 only e Set the sample increment option to On to automatically increase the sample number model 9500 only e Set the dilution factor to On or Off If the dilution factor option is set to On the instrument will allow the entry of a numerical factor which will be used in the calculation of the result displayed on the instrument model 9500 only e Select the preferred date format The date may be shown in either Day Month Year or Month Day Year 9500 only e To change the date and time select the date and time line then key in correct setting using the numeric keys To correct an error use the and keys to move the cursor then key in the correct data 9500 only System Full Options The Photometer features a wide range of options which may be explored at leisure to get the best results from the instrument An explanation of the application of these options is as follows View Log 9500 Only The
54. a sample has been made then a dilution factor of x5 should be entered The photometer will multiply the observed result by this factor so that the correct result for the original sample is displayed This option may be used in conjunction with the YSI Dilution Tube YPT 512 which enables dilutions of x2 x3 x4 x5 and x10 to be made Higher dilution factors may be entered but are subject to the limitation of the number of digits available of the result display for each test When the display capabilities are exceeded the symbol xxx will appear on the result display The sample should not be diluted prior to carrying out a pH test or a Transmittance or Absorbance reading Blank and Sample Tubes A BLANK TUBE is needed each time the photometer is used This enables the instrument to be set automatically and compensates for any inherent color in the test sample It is important therefore to understand the meaning of the term BLANK TUBE The BLANK TUBE is a test tube filled only with the water being tested only It is important to use the actual water to be tested to provide a true comparison for the test results The term SAMPLE TUBE is used to describe the tube containing the water sample to which the reagents have been added in accordance with the appropriate test instructions This tube is used to take the photometer reading Light Cap A light cap is provided with the photometer This cap fits over the test chamber and prev
55. al chlorine residuals For the majority of applications measurement of the free chlorine residual is the most important The YSI DPD chlorine method provides a simple means of measuring free combined and total chlorine residuals over the range 0 5 mg l It is recommended that if any shock treatment compounds are known to have been used in the treatment of the water to be tested that a DPD Oxystop tablet be included in the test procedure as outlined below Method This YSI chlorine test uses the DPD method developed by Dr A T Palin and now internationally recognised as the standard method of testing for chlorine and other disinfectant residuals In the YSI DPD method the reagents are provided in tablet form for maximum convenience and simplicity of use Free chlorine reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration The intensity of the color is proportional to the free chlorine concentration Subsequent addition of excess potassium iodide induces a further reaction with any combined chlorine present The color intensity is now proportional to the total chlorine concentration the increase in intensity repre sents the combined chlorine concentration In this way it is possible to differentiate between free and combined chlorine present in the sample The color intensities are measured using a YSI Photometer The DPD Oxystop tablet is added after measurement for free chlorine but before the DPD No
56. ase of known or suspected interferences then the sample should be pre treated in accordance with standard analytical procedures PHOT 55 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHROMIUM AUTOMATIC CHROMICOL SELECTION 0 1 0 mg l TEST FOR SOLUBLE CHROMIUM IN NATURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER Chromium may be present in certain industrial waste waters such as those from the tanning plating and coating industries Chromium may occur in hexavalent form as chromates and dichromates or in trivalent form as chromium salts In water supplies hexavalent chromium is a particularly objectionable constituent Trivalent chromium although relatively inert is also regarded as undesirable The YSI Chromicol test provides a means of measuring chromium over the range 0 1 0 mg l The test is particularly useful since it can be used to differentiate between the concentrations of trivalent Cr and hexavalent Cr chromium present Method In the YSI Chromicol method hexavalent chromium salts in acidic conditions react with diphenylcarbazide to give a purple colored complex This provides a measure of the hexavalent chromium Cr present in the sample The reagents are provided in tablet form and the test is simply carried out by adding tablets to a sample of the water To determine total chromium Cr plus Cr a fresh sample of the solution is oxidised using a powder reagent to convert the trivalent chromium to
57. ation and neutralization procedure produces a further reaction and in this way the chlorite concentration can be determined The color intensities at each stage of the test are measured using a YSI Photometer and the concentration of each individual component are obtained by a simple calculation It is normal practice to express the concentration of each component in terms of the equivalent chlorine concentration Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 1 Tablets YSI DPD No 3 Tablets YSI DPD Glycine Tablets YSI DPD Acidifying Tablets YSI DPD Neutralizing Tables YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedures 1 Rinse a clean test tube with sample then fill with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Glycine tablet crush and mix to dissolve Decant two or three drops of Glycine treated sample into a second clean test tube Add one DPD No 1 tablet and crush to disintegrate Add the remaining contents of the first test tube to the second test tube and mix Select Phot 7 on Photometer Take photometer reading Result G immediately as result may drift on standing in usual manner see Photometer instructions Multiply Result G by 5 to obtain the chlorine dioxide residual in terms of mg Chlorine To obtain the chlorine dioxide residual as mg l ClO multiply Result G by 1 9 Test Procedures Free and Combined Chlorine and Chlorite 1 Rinse a test tube with sample leaving two or three drops
58. be switched to Long time out which allows 15 minutes before shut down or Off which allows continuous use This is particularly useful when powering the instrument through the USB interface Edit User Defined Tests 9500 Only Users may wish to develop their own test methods and store calibrations on the photometer The 9500 has the facility to store up to 30 user defined calibrations See User Defined Tests below for full instructions USB 9500 Only The USB interface allows communication between the instrument and a PC There is a choice of two operating modes Hard Drive and COM Port In Hard Drive mode the instrument appears as a removable hard drive when connected to a PC No additional software is required on computers running Windows 2000 ME or XP A driver to use this option with Windows 98SE is available from YSI Technical Support Department environmental ysi com In COM Port mode the instrument behaves as if connected to the PC serial port via RS232 In this mode the PC requires installation of a USB virtual COM Port driver available from YSI Technical Support Department environmental ysi com See the section on Interface Connections and Data Memory below for full instructions 4 INTERFACE CONNECTIONS AND DATA MEMORY 9500 ONLY Stored data can be accessed by recall to the instrument display see View Log Alternatively data can be accessed using a PC e Connect the instrument to the
59. centration can be determined The color intensities at each stage of the test are measured using a YSI Photometer and the concentration of each individual component are obtained by a simple calculation It is normal practice to express the concentration of each component in terms of the equivalent chlorine concentration Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 1 Tablets YSI DPD No 3 Tablets YSI DPD Glycine Tablets YSI DPD Acidifying Tablets YSI DPD Neutralising Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer YSI Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Chlorine Dioxide 1 2 Rinse a clean test tube with sample then fill with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Glycine tablet crush and mix to dissolve Decant two or three drops of Glycine treated sample into a second clean test tube Add one DPD No 1 tablet and crush to disintegrate Add the remaining contents of the first test tube to the second test tube and mix Select Phot 7 on photometer Take photometer reading Result G immediately in usual manner see photometer instructions Multiply Result G by 5 to obtain the chlorine dioxide residual in terms of mg l Chlorine To obtain the chlorine dioxide residual as mg l ClO multiply Result G by 1 9 Test Procedure Free and Combined Chlorine and Chlorite 1 6 7 Rinse a test tube with sample leaving two or three drops Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush and then fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to
60. connected to either a PC or a YPT783 external power supply an Unplugged message will be displayed instead of either Hard Drive or COM Port 5 TAKING PHOTOMETER READINGS The photometer is very simple to use Screen prompts guide the user towards the test result The following sections describe how to get the best results from the instrument Program Numbers and Test Instructions Each test is identified by a separate program number or named key Program numbers are shown in the test instruction sheets supplied in this manual For some tests a choice of different programs is offered in order to get the result in different forms for example for Nitrate NO3 or Nitrate Nitrogen NO3 N In certain tests such as free chlorine and total chlorine the test can be continued to a further stage This is allowed for in the programming of the photometer In these tests once the result of the first stage is obtained the Follow On option may be selected to progress the test to the next test stage or stages The result will be calculated automatically These continuation programs have their own program number for reference purposes although direct access to these programs may be restricted Sample Dilution 9500 Only The photometer has a sample dilution option This enables a factor to be entered when samples have been diluted to bring them within the measuring range of the test For example if a five times dilution of
61. crete structures and pipes in water distribution systems carrying sulphate bearing ground waters and can attack grouting in tiled swimming pools using sodium bisulphate for pH adjustment The YSI Sulfate test provides a simple method of measuring sulfates over the range 0 200 mg l SO Higher levels may be determined by diluting the sample Method The YSI Sulfate test is based on a single tablet reagent containing barium chloride in a slightly acidic formulation Barium salts react with sulphates to form insoluble barium sulphate At the sulfate levels encountered in the test this is observed as turbidity in the test sample The degree of turbidity is proportional to the sulfate concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Sulfate Turb Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Sulfate Turb tablet crush and mix to dissolve A cloudy solution indicates the presence of sulphate 3 Stand for five minutes then mix again to ensure uniformity 4 Select Phot 32 on photometer 5 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions 6 Theresult is displayed as mg l SO Caution YSI Sulfate Turb tablets each contain 20 mg Barium Chloride These tablets are harmful if ingested Avoid handling tablets whenever possible and wash hands after use WREEHEHENE oo PHOT 33 AUTO
62. d is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Sulfide No 1 Tablets YSI Sulfide No 2 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Sample Collection To prevent loss of sulphide collect the sample carefully with a minimum of agitation or aeration Test the sample as soon as possible after collection Test Procedure 1 2 oon o Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Sulphide No 1 tablet and one Sulfide No 2 tablet Crush and mix gently to dissolve the tablets Gentle mixing is essential to avoid loss of sulphide Stand for 10 minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 33 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l S To convert from mg l S to mg l H2S multiply result by 1 06 PHOT 34 AUTO BE BEN l PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method S U L F IT E AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH SULFITEST SELECTION 0 500 mg l Na SO TEST FOR SULFITE IN BOILER WATER Oxygen is a major cause of corrosion in boilers and steam raising plant Sodium sulfite and catalysed sulphite formulations are extensively used as oxygen scavengers in boiler water treatment The YSI Sulfitest test provides a simple means of measuring sulfite levels for the control of such treatments in boiler plant The test covers the range 0 500 mg l Na2SO3 Method The YSI Sulfitest me
63. de is used in water disinfection where its ability to disrupt biofilm in pipe work makes it useful against certain waterborne micro organisms such as Legionella Chlorine dioxide is also used in the food industry for control of micro organisms in fruit washing and is popular in the pulp and paper industry as a bleaching agent The USEPA has rated chlorine dioxide as the best available technology for paper pulp bleaching due to its low environmental impact Chlorine dioxide may be generated on site either electrolytically or by reacting chlorine with sodium chlorite solution Water treated with chlorine dioxide may therefore also contain amounts of chlorine and chlorite For the control of water treatment systems it is necessary to determine chlorine dioxide in the presence of these other residuals The YSI Chlorine Dioxide method provides a specific method of determining chlorine dioxide in treated water in the presence of free and combined chlorine and chlorite Method In the YSI Chlorine Dioxide test Lissamine Green B is bleached under alkaline conditions by chlorine dioxide An ammonium salt is used to prevent any interference by chlorine This method can determine chlorine dioxide accurately in the presence of free and complexed chlorine chlorite chlorate ozone bromine and permanganate Reagents and Equipment YSI Chlordiox Buffer Tablets YSI Chlordiox LR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer YSI Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT
64. de level is maintained within the correct range to ensure optimum operation of the water treatment process The YSI Hydrogen Peroxide LR test provides a simple means of measuring Hydrogen Peroxide levels over the range 0 2 0 mg l Method Hydrogen peroxide reacts with potassium iodide under slightly acid conditions and in the presence of a catalyst to release iodine into solution The iodine then reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD to produce a pink coloration In the YSI method the reagents are combined in the form of a single tablet and the test is simply carried out by adding a tablet to a sample of the water The intensity of the color produced is proportional to the hydrogen peroxide concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Hydrogen Peroxide LR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Rinse test tube with sample leaving 2 to 3 drops of sample in the tube 2 Add one Hydrogen Peroxide LR tablet crush and then fill tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet 3 Stand for two minutes to allow full color development 4 Select Phot 16 on photometer 5 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions 6 The result is displayed as mg l H202 Notes 1 The sample should be free of other oxidising agents such as chlorine bromine etc as these react in a similar manner and will interfere with th
65. e determine nitrite concentration as mg l N in the prescribed manner see PHOT 24 and deduct from the nitrate concentration as mg l N obtained from the Nitratest procedure BREEWHNE SEE pann PHOT 24 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS N ITR IT E Photometer Method AUTOMATIC N ITRICOL WAVELENGTH SELECTION TEST FOR NITRITE IN NATURAL 0 0 5 mg IN DRINKING AND WASTE WATERS 0 1 6 mg 1 NO Nitrites are found in natural waters as an intermediate product in the nitrogen Cycle Nitrite is harmful to fish and other forms of aquatic life and the nitrite level must be carefully controlled in water used for fish farms and aquariums The nitrite test is also applied for pollution control in waste waters and for the monitoring of drinking water The YSI Nitricol test provides a simple method of measuring Nitrite Nitrogen levels over the range 0 0 5 mg l N Higher levels can be determined by diluting the sample Method Nitrites in acid solution react with sulphanilic acid The resulting diazo compound couples with N 1 naphthyl ethylene diamine to form a reddish dye The YSI Nitricol method features a single tablet reagent containing both of these reagents in an acidic formulation The test is simply carried out by adding a tablet to a sample of the water under test The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the nitrite con centration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipmen
66. e programmed test calibrations 445 5nm 495 5nm 555 5nm 570 5nm 605 5nm and 655 5nm 1 10096T 1 T Large graphic display with option of backlight Test identification and prompts French German Spanish and Italian in English Clock and timer feature to log test results and audible alarm for timing test procedure Direct reading of test results in mg l ppm g l or molar units mmol l or umol l 10 digit sample number entry dilution factor time date date format system lock and rounding of results Date format selectable as day month year or month day year Automatic zeroing on blank tube and hold blank facility for series of tests Continuation test facility without the need for reblanking Stores 500 previous readings with option to view logged results on screen or download to computer USB 1 1 full speed bus powered device Software selectable between either emulation of a removable hard drive or emulation of a serial device connected via a virtual COM port 3 x 1 5V AA alkaline batteries or via USB interface Power management system with variable length auto switch off or continuous operation 250 x 150 x 70 mm 985 g 2 1 Ibs For tablet reagents 10 ml glass test tubes 20 mm OD YPT 595 Multi size tube holder accepts test tubes from 12 20 mm OD and centres the tube for optimum optical performance 2 OPERATING PRINCIPLE The YSI photometers are instruments that
67. e organophosphonate concentration and is determined using a YSI Photometer A separate correction procedure is applied to those samples known or suspected to contain orthophosphate This compensates for the orthophosphate originally present in the sample so that a true value for organophosphonate concentration can be obtained Reagents and Equipment YSI Oxidising OP Tablets YSI OP A Tablets YSI OP B Tablets YS OP AX Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer YSI Test Tube 20 ml plastic PT 526 Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 A filtration is required during the course of this procedure The use of YSI Filtration Kit PT 600 is recommended for this purpose Alternatively standard laboratory equipment with Whatman GF B or equivalent papers may be used Correction Procedure The photometer is programmed for both Organophosphonate and correction calibrations and will automatically calculate the corrected organophosphonate concentration Use program Phot 44 Organophosphonate then select the Follow On option on screen to continue test for program Phot 45 Correction Factor Sample Preparation and Dilution 1 Filter sample if necessary to obtain a clear solution 2 Prepare x5 dilution of the sample using the YSI dilution tube This diluted sample is used for both the organophosphonate and correction procedures he test calibrations take this dilution into account it is not necessary to apply a dilution factor in the resul
68. e test It is unlikely that these oxidising agents will be used in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide and under normal circumstances will not usually coexist in solution 2 For measuring high levels of hydrogen peroxide used in industrial processes use the YSI Hydrogen Peroxide HR test see PHOT 17 BREEWHNE SEE pann PHOT 17 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS HYD ROG EN Photometer Method AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH PEROXIDE HR VAVELENGT TEST FOR HIGH LEVELS OF 0 100 mg l HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN WATER Hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleach and oxidising agent in a number of industrial processes Applications include textile bleaching commercial laundering and paper manufacturing It is important in such processes to control the hydrogen peroxide level within the correct range so as to achieve the desired bleaching or oxidising effect without causing damage to the goods under treatment Hydrogen Peroxide is also used in swimming pool water to control algae and improve clarity The YSI Hydrogen Peroxide HR test provides a simple means of monitoring hydrogen peroxide levels in water over the range 0 100 mg l Method Hydrogen peroxide reacts with potassium iodide under acid conditions to release iodine which gives a yellow solution A catalyst is used to speed up the rate of reaction In the YSI Hydrogen Peroxide HR test the reagents are provided in the form of two tablets The test is simply carried out by adding one of each tab
69. e then take the photometer reading in the normal manner PHOT 20 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS MAN GAN ESE Photometer Method AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR SOLUBLE SELECTION MANGANESE IN WATER 0 0 030 mg l Manganese containing minerals occur widely and manganese salts are commonly found in many natural waters Manganese is an objectionable constituent in water used for domestic purposes or industrial applications In domestic situations manganese will cause brown or black staining to laundry or plumbing fittings even at very low concentrations In process applications such as paper manufacturing or textile finishing similar staining can occur Manganese salts may impart an astringent taste to drinking water supplies and in swimming pool applications can give an aesthetically displeasing brown coloration to the water In most cases where manganese salts occur naturally in the water it will be necessary to apply special methods of removal before the water can be used for domestic or industrial purposes The YSI Manganese test provides an extremely sensitive method of measuring low concentrations of manganese for the assessment of natural waters and the control of manganese removal plant The test measures total manganese over the range 0 0 030 mg l Method Manganese may occur in water in various different valency states In the first stage of the YSI method manganese in lower valency states is oxidised to form per
70. e R indicator in slightly acid solution to produce a pink red colored complex The presence of ascorbic acid eliminates interference from iron and manganese In the YSI Aluminum method the necessary reagents are incorporated into two test tablets The test is simply carried out by adding one of each tablet to a sample of the water The first tablet acidifies the sample to bring any colloidal aluminum into solution and the second tablet buffers the solution to provide the correct conditions for the test The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the aluminum concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Aluminum No 1 Tablets YSI Aluminum No 2 Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer YSI Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Sample Collection Aluminum is readily absorbed on to the surfaces of sample containers particularly glass containers To avoid loss of aluminum collect samples in plastic bottles and test as soon as possible after collection Sample bottles should be acid rinsed and thoroughly washed out with deionised water before re use Test Procedure 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Aluminum No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve 3 Add one Aluminum No 2 tablet crush and mix gently to dissolve Avoid vigorous agitation Stand for five minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 3 on photometer Take photometer reading in us
71. e bate Date and Time 9500 Only nene nennen snnt nnne nent nnne nn Date Format 9500 Only e Battery Level ssseesssssssseseeenenne Locking System Mode Settings 9500 Only Roufiding 9500 Only 155t it a edente Da ee edes bb LH aed Time Out 9500 Only 52 5 nea cae ipm te erede e Habt Eo deridet pret edt 9 Edit User Defined Tests 9500 Only sssssssssssseseeeeenenemereneenn nennen 9 USB 9500 Only o feri to ee tere i cere ei rtr rire tn er eren tr ee iere 10 4 INTERFACE CONNECTIONS AND DATA MEMORY 9500 ONLY sseHHH 11 5 STARING PHOTOMETER READINGS 5 tr e Peri e i item p Per pe bns e Pe pa Pep et Pe 12 Program Numbers and Test Instructions ssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeeeen meer 12 Sample Dilution 9500 Only Blank and Sample Tubes Light Cap Getting the Best Results d se ian shaking Test Readings cedere euo neuro cian chs ae a aA EA N EAA E AE ad Continuation Tests Certain Tests Only 16 Favorite Tests EIS eoi rper rtt E E adea da User Defined Tests 9500 Only ssssssssssssssssseeeeee nennen nnne nnne nnne 6 CARE AND MAINTENANCE ni n n nr rer nh ra nr i i e P e RR E a FR te Cleaning the Optics Service Requirement P Error Messages ssesss Photometer Up Grade 9500 only Computer Controlled Operation 9500 Only 21 Wattanty ioter edit ed VR e pe Rea eaten ESSE
72. e well for one minute 3 Allow tube to stand for about one minute then gently invert three or four times to aid flocculation Allow tube to stand for two minutes or longer to ensure complete settlement 4 Remove screw cap and wipe around the top of the tube with a clean tissue Carefully decant the clear solution into a round test tube filling to the 10 ml mark 5 Add one Nitricol tablet crush and mix to dissolve 6 Stand for 10 minutes to allow full color development 7 Select Phot 23 on photometer for result as mg l N or Phot 63 for result as mg l NO3 8 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions NOTE To convert mgll N to mgll NO multiply result by 4 4 Concentrations of nitrate greater than 1 0 mg l may be determined by diluting the original sample with deionised water The test can be conveniently carried out over a range 0 20 mg l N as follows Take a clean Nitratest Tube Add 1 ml of sample using a pipette or graduated dropper Fill the Nitratest Tube to the 20 ml mark with deionised water Continue the test procedure as given in steps 2 to 9 above Multiply the chart reading obtained by 20 to obtain the nitrate concentration in the original sample Nitrite Correction The Nitratest method will also respond to any nitrite present in the sample In most natural and drinking waters the amount of nitrite will be small in comparison to the nitrate concentration If it is desired to correct for nitrit
73. ed by the presence of other reducing species such as nitrite up to 200 mg l ferrous iron up to 20 mg l and sulfide up to 10 mg l or by the presence of polyacrylates Chlorine up to 250 mg l does not cause interference However since sulfite and chlorine do not normally co exist the test will not usually be carried out in the presence of chlorine Note the test gives low results if used in the presence of tannic acid or tannin treated waters PHOT 35 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method Zl N C AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR ZINC IN NATURAL SELECTION AND TREATED WATERS 0 4 0 mg l Zinc compounds are used as corrosion inhibitors in industrial cooling water systems and similar applications Control of the zinc level is an important aspect of corrosion control in such systems Zinc and zinc containing alloys are widely used in industry and zinc salts are commonly found in industrial effluents The YSI Zinc test provides a simple means of testing zinc levels over the range 0 4 mg l and is suitable for testing cooling waters and industrial effluents and for the monitoring of natural and drinking waters Method Zinc reacts with 5 o carboxyphenyl 1 2 hydroxy 5 sulphophenyl 3 phenyl formazan Zincon in alkaline solution to give an intense blue color The reagent itself is orange in solution At different zinc levels a distinctive color range from orange through purple to blue is produced In the YS
74. ed is proportional to the iron concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Iron HR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Iron HR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for one minute to allow full color development Select Phot 19 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l Fe Oo 0 2 c NN Iron Complexes The test color development will normally be completed within one minute Con tinued color development after this time is indicative of more strongly bound iron complexes in the water In such cases the test solution should be stood for a longer period say 10 15 minutes until color development is complete In certain industrial applications strong complexing agents are added to act as corrosion inhibitors Moreover some samples may contain precipitated iron com plexes or particles of metallic iron These samples will require pre treatment by a standard laboratory procedure if it is required to determine the total iron content The usual method of pre treatment is acidification with or without boiling dep ending on the nature of the sample To use the YSI Iron HR test after such pre treatment procedures add the Iron HR tablet to the acidified sample adjust to pH 6 0 9 0 using ammonia or sodium hydroxid
75. els over the range 0 4 mg l PO For drinking water the EEC has set a guide level of 0 5 mg l PO 0 4 mg l P205 and a maximum admissible concentration of 6 7 mg l PO 5 mg l P20s Method In the YSI Phosphate LR method the phosphate reacts under acid conditions with ammonium molybdate to form phospho molybdic acid This compound is reduced by ascorbic acid to form the intensely colored molybdenum blue complex A catalyst is incorporated to ensure complete and rapid color develop ment and an inhibitor is used to prevent interference from silica The reagents are provided in the form of two tablets for maximum convenience The test is simply carried out by adding one of each tablet to a sample of the water The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the phosphate concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Phosphate No 1 LR Tablets YSI Phosphate No 2 LR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Phosphate No 1 LR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Phosphate No 2 LR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for 10 minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 28 on photometer for result as mg l PO or Phot 70 for result as mg l P 6 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions aR ON Note Phosphate concentratio
76. ence However nitrite and chlorine are incompatible and do not normally co exist The solution should be cooled to below 30 C before testing for the most accurate analytical results PHOT 44 AUTO YSI PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS ORG AN O Photometer Method PHOSPHONATE OP AFAA SELECTION TEST FOR ORGANOPHOSPHONATE IN COOLING WATER 0 20 mg l PO The use of organophosphonate compounds as inhibitors in cooling systems has become widespread in recent years It is essential to monitor the active organophosphonate content of the cooling water to ensure the treatment is fully effective The YSI OP test provides a reliable means of monitoring organo phosphonate levels over the range 0 20 mg l PO The test has been developed for use with commercially available organophosphonate products such as those based on amino trimethyl phosphonic acid and hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid Method In the YSI OP test organophosphonates are first converted to orthophosphate by a catalysed cold oxidation process Excess oxidising agent is removed from the sample by precipitation and filtration The orthophosphate formed in the reaction is then determined using the molybdenum blue method The reagents for the procedure are provided in tablet form and the test is simply carried out by adding the appropriate tablets in sequence to a diluted sample of the water The intensity of the blue coloration formed in the test is proportional to th
77. ents stray light reaching the photodiode It is NOT necessary to use the light cap when using the photometer indoors or under shaded outdoor light The light cap should be used when working outside in strong sunlight The light cap is also recommended when carrying out turbidity based tests such as the cyanuric acid test under bright or variable lighting conditions Test instructions indicate when the light cap should be used Getting the Best Results Success in obtaining accurate and consistent test results will depend on the care with which test procedures are carried out Always follow the test instructions carefully and observe the stated standing periods and temperature conditions where applicable Wipe test tubes free from condensation before placing in the photometer Test tubes should always be kept in a clean condition Wash and dry the test tubes carefully after use Dirty tubes may be soaked in a mild detergent solution if necessary Tubes which become stained or scratched should be discarded and replaced Taking Test Readings Press key The instrument displays the Choose a Test menu box with the last test program used highlighted as the active line The cursor will flash on the OK symbol of the options menu at the bottom of the screen Press OK to accept this program To choose a different test program either use the and gt keys to scroll through the menu options or use the numeric keys to enter the
78. es causes confusion It is normal practice to express the result as mg l CaCO calcium carbonate This is merely a convention to allow the comparison of different results and does not necessarily indicate that the alkalinity is present in the water in this form The different chemical forms of alkalinity have been referred to in the test instructions PHOT 39 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method I R O N M R AUTOMATIC TEST FOR IRON IN NATURAL WAVELENGTH TREATED AND INDUSTRIAL WATERS SELECTION 0 5 0 mg l Iron occurs widely in nature and is found in many natural and treated waters Iron is an objectionable constituent in both domestic and industrial water supplies The presence of iron affects the taste of beverages and causes unsightly staining of laundered clothes plumbing fittings swimming pool surfaces and the like The formation of insoluble iron deposits is troublesome in many industrial applications and in the agricultural water uses such as drip feed irrigation In industry iron salts occur through corrosion of plant and equipment and from industrial processes Iron is therefore an important test for the monitoring of natural and drinking waters for corrosion control in industry and for the checking of effluents and waste waters The YSI Iron MR test provides a simple test for the determination of both ferrous and ferric iron It is capable of dissolving colloidal and particulate iron and thus gives a
79. es immediately after each test e Immediately wipe up any drips or spills on the instrument or in the test chamber with a clean tissue e Keep the instrument clean Clean the test chamber regularly using a moistened tissue or cotton ball e Keep the instrument away from all chemicals and cleaning materials e Keep the instrument in a clean dry place when it is not in use Keep it on a clean dry bench away from chemicals place it in a storage cupboard or keep it in a carrying case e Keep the carrying case in a clean dry condition Make sure that the carrying case is dry before the case is closed up and the instrument is put away Instrument Layout USB Interface 9500 only Multi Size Cell N L4 Bri vs 9300 Photometer Le T EcoSense Graphic Display QO 8 t On Off Key 4 5 6 0K ABS WD Meses LE Test and Number Keys SEDIS Scroll and Selection Keys OK Enter Key Features and Technical Specification Application Instrument Type Peak Wavelengths Range Accuracy Display Language Timer Units User Selectable Options Date Format Zeroing Internal Memory USB Interface Power Size Weight Test Tubes Cell Holder For application in general water testing using Palintest tablet reagent systems and Palintest Tubetests reagents Single beam colorimeter with built in colour filters and pr
80. et To use mains power the instrument is connected using the USB Connection Cable YPT 284 plugged to the Mains Adapter YPT283 Alternatively the USB connection cable can be plugged into a computer to power the 9500 from the computer 3 GENERAL PHOTOMETER OPERATION The photometer is controlled by a simple intuitive menu system e The highlight indicates the active line or section of the screen e The and keys move the highlight through the menu choices e The and Y keys allow selection of options e The flashing cursor in the Options menu at the bottom of the screen indicates the action which will occur if the OK button is pressed Operating Modes The photometer has two distinct operating modes the PHOTOMETER mode and the SYSTEM mode The PHOTOMETER mode is the normal operating mode for taking photometer readings This mode is engaged automatically when the instrument is turned on by pressing the key As a power saving measure in normal use both the 9300 and 9500 photometers automatically switch off five minutes after the last key is pressed This may be adjusted for the 9500 in the System mode The SYSTEM mode is used to set the system options This mode is engaged when the photometer is turned on using the O key and then selecting System using the and keys and pressing OK Scroll through the menu box to view all the options available System Quick Start When the instrument is first used the S
81. evented by introducing a reagent that destroys any molybdo phosphoric acid which may form The reagents for the method are provided in tablet form and the test is carried out simply by adding tablets to a sample of water The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the silica concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Silica HR No 1 Tablets YSI Silica HR No 2 Tablets YSI Silica PR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Silica No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve 3 Add one Silica No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for 10 minutes to allow full color development 4 Add one Silica PR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for two minutes This stage may be omitted if the sample is known to be completely free of phosphate and chlorine Select Phot 56 on photometer 6 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions 7 The result is displayed as mg l SiO WREEHEHENE oo PHOT 74 AUTO mud mmm PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLORINE DIOXIDE LR gutomaric WAVELENGTH TEST FOR CHLORINE DIOXIDE SELECTION RESIDUALS IN WATER 0 2 5 mg l Chlorine dioxide is increasingly being chosen ahead of chlorine for use in many applications where it is believed to have several advantages Chlorine dioxi
82. ge of colors from red to yellow The particular advantage of this method is that it is substantially free from inter ferences which normally beset chemical methods of fluoride testing In particular interference from aluminium and iron is eliminated by making the solution alkaline in the first stage of the test procedure This breaks down any aluminium fluoride and iron fluoride complexes which may be present in the water Interference from calcium phosphates and sulphates should not be significant at the levels normally encountered in natural and drinking waters In the YSI Fluoride test two tablet reagents are used The test is simply carried out by adding one of each tablet to a sample of the water The color produced in the test is indicative of the fluoride concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT YSI Fluoride No 1 Tablets YSI Fluoride No 2 Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 TEST PROCEDURE N OO FB WD Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Fluoride No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Fluoride No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for five minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 14 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l F PHOT 15 AUTO BE REN PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS H AR D N ESS Photometer Method AUTO
83. ght sensitive Store tubes in original containers and keep the box closed when not in use Test Procedure Read the Oxygen test instructions leaflet contained in the CHEMetrics Vacu Vials pack Observe these various recommendations regarding sample handling and use of Vacu Vials 1 Carry out the test in accordance with the test procedure given in the CHEMetrics instruction leaflet Observe the time periods given in the test instructions 2 Select Phot 49 on the photometer The wavelength is set automatically 3 Use the colorless blank ampoule provided in the Starter Pack as the blank for setting the instrument 4 The photometer provides direct readings in mg l O Note Note for measuring dissolved oxygen in natural waters use the DO 15 20 test see instructions Phot 75 Vacu Vials is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc PHOT 50 AUTO BE BERE PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method DISSOLVED OXYGEN 2 automanic WAVELENGTH TEST FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN SELECTION BOILER WATER AND BOILER FEEDWATER 0 2 0 mg l The presence of dissolved oxygen in water used in boilers and steam raising plant is wholly undesirable At high temperatures even small amounts of dissolved oxygen render the water highly corrosive to boiler plant the oxygen must be removed from boiler feedwater by chemical treatment or by mechanical de aeration The DO 2 0 tests provide a simple means of testing for dissolved oxygen in
84. h between chlorine residual present as free chlorine and as chloramines The YSI DPD Chlorine Chloramines method provides a simple means of measuring free chlorine HOCI HOCI monochloramine NH Cl and dichloramine NHCI Method The YSI Chlorine Chloramines test uses the DPD method This method is internationally recognised as the standard method of testing for chlorine and other residuals In the YSI method the reagents are provided in tablet form for maximum convenience and simplicity of use Free chlorine reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration The intensity of the color is proportional to the free chlorine concentration Addition of a trace amount of potassium iodide induces further reaction with any monochloramine present The increase in color intensity is therefore proportional to the monochloramine concentration Subsequent addition of excess potassium iodide causes dichloramine to react in a similar manner The increase in color intensity is now proportional to the dichloramine concentration In this way it is possible to differentiate between free chlorine monochloramine and dichloramine residuals present in the sample The color intensities at each stage of the test are measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 1 Tablets YSI DPD No 2 Tablets YSI DPD No 3 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Separati
85. he user is offered the choice of entering a number of up to 10 digits for each sample reading If this function is set to Off a sample number is automatically allocated Sample Number Increment 9500 Only The sample number increment option may be used to determine whether the instrument does or does not automatically increment the sample number after each test Incrementation of the sample number may be used when the instrument is used for carrying out a series of similar tests Alternatively it may be preferable not to increment the number if typical use involves carrying out a number of different tests on the same sample Dilution Factor 9500 Only When samples are out of range for the test a dilution procedure may be used If the dilution factor option is set to On the instrument will allow entry of a numerical factor which will be used in the calculation of the result displayed and stored in the log Date and Time 9500 Only The instrument records the date and time of each reading taken and associates this with the data record in the log To correct the date and time on the internal clock select the date and time display line Date Format 9500 Only The option of day month year or month day year date format is available Battery Level A battery level indicator shows the power available At least 3 0V is required for successful operation of the instrument Locking System Mode Settings 9500 Only It is possib
86. hich may be present in chlorine dioxide containing waters were undertaken to determine if these would detrimentally affect the results of the test These included other chlorine compounds and oxidising agents metal ions hardness alkalinity nitrate phosphate and sulphate No interference effect was observed Temperature Effect The method is calibrated for use at 15 25 C lower temperatures will cause a slightly high bias to results For accurate results equilibrate a full glass bottle of sample with no headspace to room temperature for analysis WREEHEHENE oo PHOT 76 AUTO mud mmm PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLORINE DIOXIDE HR vrovaric WAVELENGTH TEST FOR CHLORINE DIOXIDE SELECTION RESIDUALS IN WATER 0 20 mg l Chlorine dioxide is increasingly being chosen ahead of chlorine for use in many applications where it is believed to have several advantages Chlorine dioxide is used in water disinfection where its ability to disrupt biofilm in pipe work makes it useful against certain waterborne micro organisms such as Legionella Chlorine dioxide is also used in the food industry for control of micro organisms in fruit washing and is popular in the pulp and paper industry as a bleaching agent The USEPA has rated chlorine dioxide as the best available technology for paper pulp bleaching due to its low environmental impact Chlorine dioxide may be generated on site either electrolytically or by reac
87. ical with Hazen units which have been traditionally used to express results from the visual estimation of water color Reagents and Equipment YSI Color Turbidity Set PM 269 YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Test Procedure 1 Filter sample through a GF B filter paper 2 Fill a test tube with filtered sample to the 10 ml mark 3 Fill a test tube with deionised water to the 10 ml mark and retain for use as the BLANK tube Select Phot 47 on photometer 5 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions using the deionised water as the blank 6 The result is displayed as mg l Pt Note Samples which contain metallic impurities dyestuffs or other industrial pollutants may exhibit a different color to the natural yellow brown coloration This test may not be suitable for samples of this type WREEHEHENE oo PHOT 48 AUTO peed mmm PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method TU R BI D ITY AUTOMATIC TEST FOR TURBIDITY IN Seman NATURAL AND TREATED WATERS 5 400 Turbidity Units Turbidity is an important parameter for characterizing water quality Turbidity is aused by the scattering of light by suspended matter such as clay silt finely divided organic and inorganic matter A knowledge of turbidity facilitates estimation of the concentration of undissolved substances Method The turbidity of the water is determined photoelectrically using the YS Photometer In many samples both color and t
88. ill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet Select Phot 7 on photometer Take photometer reading immediately as result may drift on standing in usual manner see photometer instructions The result represents the free chlorine residual as milligrams per litre Stop the test at this stage if only free chlorine determination is required If it is desired to measure combined or total chlorine residual continue the test on the same test portion Select the Follow On from screen options to continue the test program If shock treatment chemicals are present in the pool add one DPD Oxystop tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for one minute before proceeding Add one DPD No 3 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for two minutes to allow full color development Take photometer reading The result represents the total chlorine residual as milligrams per litre The combined chlorine residual is obtained by subtracting the free chlorine residual result from the total chlorine residual result ie Combined Chlorine Total Chlorine Free Chlorine Note A too high chlorine level above 10 mg l can cause bleaching of the pink coloration formed in the DPD test and give a false negative or lower than expected result If a colorless or pale pink test solution is obtained then a high level chlorine may be present check for the possibility of bleaching by repeating the test on a sample diluted with chl
89. ine Free 5 Insert Sample I 4 EB san choose a Test Time ER Place SAMPLE TUBE in the test chamber then press OK 4 The instrument will take the reading and display the result as follows for example Phot 007 Chlorine Free 5 1 00 mg l Cl OEE gt Read Blank Follow On The following symbols indicate the result is out of test range Result is higher than range gt gt Result is lower than range lt lt 5 The options menu offers the choice to Choose a Test return to the menu of test programs and select another test Read read further sample tubes of the currently selected test Blank re blank the instrument Follow On carry out a continuation test if available Continuation Tests Certain Tests Only 1 Select Follow On and press OK while the result is displayed of the currently running test The photometer applies the previously entered sample number and dilution factor and the Insert Sample screen will appear Place SAMPLE tube in the test chamber then press OK The instrument will take the reading and calculate the result from the combination of readings where appropriate The result will be displayed as follows for example Phot 008 Chlorine Total 5 1 50 mg l Cl Choosea Test Read Blank lt M gt While the test result is displayed similar options are available as at the end of a normal test program
90. ir presence is undesirable in water used in a variety of industrial applications This is because of the tendency of such water to form a hard scale on equipment Silica and silicate containing waters are particularly troublesome in steam generating plant such as high pressure boilers since silica scale can build up on turbine blades The YSI Silica LR test provides a simple means of measuring silica and silicate levels in natural treated and industrial waters over the range 0 4 mg l SiO Method Ammonium molybdate reacts with silica under acid conditions to produce molybdosilicic acid In the presence of a reducing agent this compound is reduced to form an intense blue complex Phosphate reacts in a similar manner Interference by phosphate is prevented by introducing a reagent which destroys any molybdophosphoric acid which may form The reagents for the method are provided in tablet form and the test is carried out simply by adding tablets to a sample of water The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the silica concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Silica No 1 Tablets YSI Silica No 2 Tablets YSI Silica PR Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Instructions 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Silica No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for five minutes to allow the silica to react
91. is now proportional to the total chlorine concentration the increase in intensity repre sents the combined chlorine concentration In this way it is possible to differentiate between free and combined chlorine present in the sample The color intensities are measured using a YSI Photometer REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT YSI DPD No 4 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Instructions 1 Rinse test tube with sample leaving two or three drops of sample in the tube 2 Add one DPD No 4 tablet crush tablet and then fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet Wait two minutes to allow full color development in the sample 3 4 Select Phot 8 on photometer 5 Take photometer reading 6 The result represents the total chlorine as milligrams per litre Notes This test will display the total of all oxidizers present in the sample This includes chlorine chlorine dioxide bromine and ozone BREEWHNE SEE pann PHOT 9 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS C H LOR l N E H R Photometer Method AUTOMATIC TEST FOR HIGH LEVELS OF WAVELENGTH CHLORINE IN DISINFECTING SELECTION AND STERILISING SOLUTIONS 0 250 mg I Chlorine and chlorine release compounds are widely used for disinfection or sterilisation of water distribution systems and pipe work plant and equipment in food processing and pharmaceutical factories and similar applications The chlorine levels used in these
92. kalinity P Alkaphot P Alkalinity P Phot 38 P PHOT 3 Aluminum Aluminum Phot 3 PHOT 4 Ammonia Ammonia Nitrogen Phot 4 Bromine Total Phot 5 PHOT Bromine Bromine Free Continuation test Phot 6 PHOT 12 Calcium Hardness Calcicol Calcium Hardness Phot 12 PHOT 46 Chloride Chloridol Chloride Phot 46 Chlorine Free Phot 7 PHOT 4 Chlorine DFD Chlorine Total Continuation test Phot 8 Chlorine Free Phot 71 PHOT 7 1 Chlorine Chloramines DPD Monochloramine Continuation test Phot 72 Dichloramine Continuation test Phot 73 PHOT 8 Chlorine DPD4 Total Chlorine Phot 8 PHOT 74 Chlorine Dioxide LR Chlorine Dioxide Phot 74 PHOT 76 Chlorine Dioxide HR Chlorine Dioxide Phot 76 PHOT 7 3 Chlorine Dioxide f T DPD Glycine Method Chlorine Dioxide Phot 7 PHOT 9 Chlorine HR Chlorine Phot 9 Chromium Chromicol Hexavalent Phot 55 PGT SS Mee C REDE Total and Trivalent Continuation test Phot 100 PHOT 47 Color Color Phot 47 Copper Free Phot 10 PHOT Copper Coppercal Copper Total Continuation test Phot 11 PHOT 13 Cyanuric Acid Cyanuric Acid Phot 13 PHOT 49 UMP ee Dissolved Oxygen Phot 49 PHOT 50 ee ae Dissolved Oxygen Phot 50 PHOT 14 Fluoride Fluoride Phot 14 PHOT 15 Hardness Total Hardicol Total Hardness Phot 15 PHOT 41 Hydrazine Hydrazine Phot 41 PHOT 16 Hydrogen Peroxide LR Hydrogen Peroxide Phot 16 PHOT 17 Hydrogen Peroxide HR Hydrogen Peroxide Phot 17 PHOT 18 Iron LR Iron Phot 18 PHOT 39
93. ke photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions 6 Theresult is displayed as mg l Note The range of the test is 0 200 mg l However when a test result of 100 mg l or over is obtained the following dilution technique is recommended in order to obtain a more precise result 1 Take a sample of pool water in a YSI Dilution Tube PT 512 filling to the x10 mark Make up to the Deionised Water mark with deionised water or tap water and mix Fill a round test tube with diluted sample to the 10 ml mark Test as per the earlier test procedure Multiply the displayed result by 10 to obtain the cyanuric acid concentration PHOT 14 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method FLUORIDE AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR FLUORIDE IN SELECTION NATURAL AND TREATED WATERS 0 1 5 mg l Fluoride occurs naturally in some ground waters and is often introduced into drinking water for the prevention of tooth decay Excessive amounts of fluoride are however objectionable and can cause tooth discoloration The YSI Fluoride test provides a simple method of monitoring fluorides in natural waters and for the control of fluoridation plant at water works METHOD Zirconyl Chloride and Eriochrome Cyanine R are reacted in acid solution to form a red colored complex This color is destroyed by fluoride ions to give the pale yellow color of the Eriochrome Cyanine Differing amounts of fluoride thus produce a ran
94. le size selected The test ranges covered are 0 50 mg l Cl 0 500 mg l Cl 0 10 000 mg l NaCl and 0 50 000 mg l NaCl Method The YSI Chloridol test is based on a tablet reagent system containing silver nitrate Chlorides react with the silver nitrate to produce insoluble silver chloride At the chloride levels encountered in the test the insoluble silver chloride is observed as turbidity in the test sample The degree of turbidity is proportional to the chloride concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer The test is carried out under acidic and oxidising conditions so as to prevent interference from complexing agents such as EDTA and polyphosphates and from any reducing substances which may be present in the water Polyacrylates do however interfere and the test should not be used on industrial waters using polyacrylate based treatments The formation of the precipitate in the Chloridol test may be subject to matrix effects in the presence of high total dissolved solids TDS The 0 50 mg l CI range is calibrated only for use on softened waters and condensates and should not be used for other samples The dilution step in the other ranges reduces the TDS to acceptable levels and prevents this effect Reagents and Equipment YSI Acidifying CD Tablets YSI Chloridol Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Measuring Syringe 1 ml PT 361 Sample Container 100 50 10 ml plastic PT 5
95. le to lock the system settings so that these cannot be tampered with or altered accidentally during use This is important for example where it is necessary to verify that tests have actually been carried out at a particular time or date or where procedures always require the use of a sample number or dilution factor The instructions for locking the settings are not included in this manual these are provided to photometer owners or system administrators on formal request to YSI s Technical Support department environmental ysi com Rounding 9500 Only In the normal default setting the photometer will round test results appropriately for the resolution of the test The rounding applied differs for each parameter depending on the shape of the calibration curve This ensures the optimum precision and accuracy of each test procedure For normal purposes it is strongly recommended that the instrument be left in the default setting However for certain analytical applications it may be useful to switch off the rounding to display the result in unrounded form This may be the case for example when carrying out statistical evaluations of test methods where it is necessary to use the data in calculation of standard deviation or distribution data Time Out 9500 Only As a power saving measure in normal use both the 9300 and 9500 photometers automatically switch off five minutes after the last key is pressed The 9500 photometer may
96. let to a sample of the water The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the hydrogen peroxide concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Hydrogen Peroxide HR Tablets YSI Acidifying PT Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Acidifying PT tablet and one Hydrogen Peroxide HR tablet Crush tablets and mix to dissolve Select Phot 17 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l H202 Notes 1 The sample should be free of other oxidizing agents such as chlorine bromine etc as these react in a similar manner and will interfere with the test It is unlikely that these oxidizing agents will be used in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide and under normal circumstances will not usually coexist in solution 2 For measuring low levels of hydrogen peroxide use the YSI Hydrogen Peroxide LR test see PHOT 16 PHOT 18 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method IRON LR AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR LOW LEVELS OF IRON SELECTION IN NATURAL AND TREATED WATER 0 1 0 mg l Iron occurs widely in nature and is found in many natural and treated waters Iron is an objectionable constituent in both domestic and industrial water supplies The presence of iron affects the taste of
97. lkaphot P tests provide a simple means of checking Alkalinity M and Alkalinity P levels over the range 0 500 mg l CaCO The tests are particularly suited to boiler and industrial waters The alkalinities specifically due to carbonates bicarbonates and hydroxides can be calculated from the various data obtained Method The YSI Alkaphot M and Alkaphot P tests are both based on unique colorimetric methods These methods offer considerable advantages over the titrimetric methods traditionally used for measuring these parameters The tests are each based on the use of a single tablet reagent containing a precisely standardised amount of acid combined with a color indicator The tests are simply carried out by adding the appropriate tablet to a sample of the water under test Over the alkalinity range of each test a distinctive series of colors is produced from yellow through green to blue in the case of the Alkaphot M test and from colorless to purple in the case of the Alkaphot P test The color produced in each of the tests is indicative of the alkalinity and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Alkaphot M Tablets YSI Alkaphot P Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Alkaphot M Filter sample if necessary to obtain a clear solution Fill the test tube to the 10 ml mark with sample Add one Alkaphot M tablet crush and mix Ensure all particles are diss
98. low Chlorine Dioxide 2 5 x G Free Chlorine A G Combined Chlorine 2 C A Chlorite D C 4G Total Oxidizing Capacity D PHOT 7 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLORINE DPD AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR FREE COMBINED AND SELECTION TOTAL CHLORINE IN WATER 0 5 0 mg l Chlorine and chlorine release compounds are widely used for the disinfection of drinking water and swimming pools for the control of micro biological growth in cooling water and in many other water treatment systems Accurate measurement of the chlorine residual is an essential aspect of the control of these chlorination processes The chlorine level can be expressed in terms of the free chlorine combined chlorine or total chlorine residuals For the majority of applications measurement of the free chlorine residual is the most important The YSI DPD chlorine method provides a simple means of measuring free combined and total chlorine residuals over the range 0 5 mg l It is recommended that if any shock treatment compounds are known to have been used in the treatment of the water to be tested that a DPD Oxystop tablet be included in the test procedure as outlined below Method This YSI chlorine test uses the DPD method developed by Dr A T Palin and now internationally recognised as the standard method of testing for chlorine and other disinfectant residuals In the YSI DPD method the reagents are provided in
99. lution to allow full color development and to enable any undissolved particles to settle Select Phot 55 on the photometer Take photometer reading in the usual manner see photometer instructions Result A The result represents the hexavalent chromium concentration chromates and dichromates as mg l Cr Stop the test at this stage if only hexavalent chromium determination is required Test Procedure Total Chromium Fill the pretreatment tube with sample to the 20 ml mark Add one level spoonful of Chromicol CR powder Replace screw cap and shake tube well for two minutes Allow tube to stand for two minutes Filter a portion of the solution dropwise into a round glass test tube Discard the first few drops and then fill to the 10 ml mark Add one Chromicol No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve 6 Add one Chromicol No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve 10 11 Stand for 10 minutes without disturbing the solution to allow full color development and to enable any undissolved particles to settle Select Phot 100 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result represents the total soluble chromium concentration trivalent and hexavalent as mg l Cr Result B The trivalent Chromium Cr concentration is obtained by subtracting Result A from Result B Trivalent Chromium Result B Result A Interferences Levels of dissolved iron above 1 mg l cause low results
100. lytical methods or for comparison of colored solutions For general analytical applications Transmittance test program 0 or Absorbance test program 1 can be chosen Powering the Photometer The Photometer is powered by 3 AAA batteries The photometer features a battery indicator see System Mode functions A minimum voltage of 3 0V is needed to operate the photometer As a power saving measure in normal use both the 9300 and 9500 photometers automatically switch off five minutes after the last key is pressed The switch off period may be adjusted for the 9500 in the System mode In addition to the above feature a battery warning message will appear automatically on the display when the battery voltage becomes low The batteries should be replaced as soon as possible after the warning message appears Stored data in the instrument memory will not be lost during battery replacement Replacing the Batteries The battery compartment in the base of the instrument is secured by four screws To replace the batteries remove the cover and install the batteries observing the correct polarity as indicated Use 3 x 1 5V AA alkaline batteries or equivalent To avoid corrosion damage through leakage remove batteries from the instrument if it is to be stored or left unused for a long period of time gt 30 days Power Supply Model 9500 only The 9500 photometer can be powered either from alkaline batteries or via the USB sock
101. manganate by the action of an oxidising agent In the second stage the per manganate formed is further reacted with leucomalachite green to form an intense turquoise colored complex Catalysts and inhibitors are incorporated into the tablet reagents to ensure that the color reaction proceeds correctly and interferences are eliminated The intensity of color produced in the test is proportional to the total manganese concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Manganese No 1 Tablets YSI Manganese No 2 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Sample Collection Manganese is readily absorbed onto the surfaces of sample containers To avoid loss of manganese test sample as soon as possible after collection It is important because of the extreme sensitivity of this test to ensure that glass ware used for the sample collection and test procedure is scrupulously clean For most accurate results in laboratory use it is recommended that all glassware is acid rinsed and then thoroughly washed out with deionised water before use Test Procedure NO oP WD Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark see Note 1 Add one Manganese No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Manganese No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve then cap the tube Stand for 20 minutes to allow color development see Note 2 Select Phot 20 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual
102. measure color intensity Light is passed through a test tube containing the sample solution and then through a colored filter onto a photodetector Filters have been chosen so that light of a specific wavelength is selected When the solution is completely colorless all of the light passes through the sample With colored samples light is absorbed and the light which passes through the sample is proportionately reduced In the following test procedures the photometer is used to measure the color which is produced when chemical reagents are reacted with the water sample In these tests the color intensity produced is proportional to the concentration of the parameter being tested The photometer is pre programmed with calibrations for each test parameter Different test procedures are carried out at different wavelengths to optimize the sensitivity of each test The required wavelength is selected automatically by the instrument The calibrations are accessed by entering a unique program number at the start of each test procedure This enables the instrument to select the appropriate wavelength filter automatically and allows the photodiode response to be converted to a concentration reading The instrument thus displays a direct reading of the test result The photometer is ideally suited for general analytical applications The instrument can be used as a laboratory or field photometer with user generated calibration graphs for standard ana
103. measure of the total iron content of the water Method In the YSI Iron MR method iron is reduced to the ferrous form and then reacted with 1 10 phenanthroline to form an orange colored complex A decomplexing agent is incorporated into the reagent system in order to break down complexed forms of iron The test is simply carried out by adding tablet reagents to a sample of the water under test The intensity of the color produced is proportional to the iron concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Interference can occur in industrial waters treated with molybdate and nitrite based treatment products A supplementary reagent can be used to prevent this interference Reagents and Equipment YSI Iron MR No 1 Tablets YSI Iron MR No 2 Tablets YSI Citrate IR Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Iron MR No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Iron MR No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for 10 minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 39 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l Fe NOOR WD Interferences Hardness 500 mg l CaCO Silica 150 mg l SiO and Copper 3 mg l Cu do not interfere with the test Chromium 10 mg l may cause slightly high results Nitrite greater than 50 mg l NO causes low res
104. meter Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Iron LR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for one minute to allow full color development Select Phot 18 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l Fe o 0 c NN Iron Complexes The test color development will normally be complete within one minute Continued color development after this time is indicative of more strongly bound iron complexes in the water In such cases the test solution should be stood for a longer period say 10 15 minutes until color development is complete In certain industrial applications strong complexing agents are added to act as corrosion inhibitors Moreover some samples may contain precipitated iron com plexes or particles of metallic iron These samples will require pre treatment by a standard laboratory procedure if it is required to determine the total iron content The usual method of pre treatment is acidification with or without boiling dep ending on the nature of the sample To use the YSI Iron LR test after such pre treatment procedures add the Iron LR tablet to the acidified sample adjust to pH 3 5 4 0 using ammonia or sodium hydroxide then take the photometer reading in the normal manner PHOT 19 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method IRON HR AUTOMATIC W
105. n and is measured using a YSI Photometer Sample Collection Samples drawn from boiler sampling points may be hot and contain particulate matter Prior to analysis samples should be cooled to below 25 C and filtered through a Whatman No 42 filter paper Reagents and Equipment YSI Phosphate HR Tablets YSI Phosphate SR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark IN THE CASE OF SAMPLES CONTAINING SILICA gt 20 mg l SiO2 ONLY Add one Phosphate SR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Phosphate HR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for 10 minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 29 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions N Oo c A2 CO ND The result is displayed as mg l PO NOTE Phosphate SR tablets are supplied in the Phosphate HR Starter Pack PM 114 They are subsequently available as an optional extra AT 116 for use with Phosphate HR Replacement Reagent Packs PHOT 30 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method POTASSIUM AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR POTASSIUM IN SELECTION NATURAL AND TREATED WATERS 0 12 0 mg l Potassium is an abundant natural element However in fresh water potassium levels are normally low Higher levels can be observed in brackish waters The guide level prescribed for drinking water supplies unde
106. n fill with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Glycine tablet crush and mix to dissolve Decant two or three drops of Glycine treated sample into a second clean test tube Add one DPD No 1 tablet and crush to disintegrate Add the remaining contents of the first test tube to the second test tube and mix Select Phot 7 on photometer Take photometer reading Result G immediately as result may drift on standing in usual manner see photometer instructions Multiply Result G by 5 to obtain the chlorine dioxide residual in terms of mg Chlorine To obtain the chlorine dioxide residual as mg l CIO multiply Result G by 1 9 Test Procedures Free and Combined Chlorine and Chlorite 1 6 7 Rinse a test tube with sample leaving two or three drops Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush and then fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet Take the photometer reading on Phot 7 immediately as result may drift on standing in usual manner Result A Continue the test by adding one DPD No 3 tablet Crush tablet mix to dissolve and then stand for two minutes Take photometer reading Result C Continue the test by adding one DPD Acidifying tablet Crush tablet mix to dissolve and then stand for two minutes Add one DPD Neutralising tablet crush and mix to dissolve Take the photometer reading Result D The results of the tests in terms of mg l chlorine are calculated from the observed results as fol
107. ng suitable control software Such software is available from software houses or from water treatment specialists to cover specific applications These software programs typically instruct the photometer to go through a predetermined series of tests specific to that application and then automatically receive data from the photometer and process the test results The internal software of the photometer is able to receive computer commands to start new sample receive test program number receive sample number and instigate continuation test Programmers requiring further details should contact YSI Technical Support Warranty The YSI photometers are warranted for one 1 year from date of purchase by the end user against defects in materials and workmanship exclusive of batteries and any damaged caused by defective batteries Within the warranty period YSI will repair or replace at its sole discretion free of charge any product that YSI determines to be covered by this warranty To exercise this warranty write or call your local YSI representative or contact YSI Customer Service at 1 937 767 7241 800 897 4151 Send the product and proof of purchase transportation prepaid to the Authorized Service Center selected by YSI Repair or replacement will be made and the product returned transportation prepaid Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period or at least 90 days from date of repair or
108. ns can be expressed in a number of different ways The following factors may be used for the conversion of readings To convert from PO to P205 multiply by 0 75 To convert from PO to P multiply by 0 33 BREEWHNE SEE pann PHOT 29 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method PHOSPHATE HR AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR HIGH LEVELS OF SELECTION PHOSPHATE IN BOILER WATER 0 100 mg l Phosphates are extensively used for treating water in boilers and steam raising plant Phosphates are added to control the deposition of sediment and deposits within the boiler It is an essential part of the treatment programme to monitor the phosphate level to ensure this is within the correct range of deposition control The YSI Phosphate HR test provides a simple method of measuring phosphate levels in boiler waters over the range 0 100 mg l PO Method The YSI Phosphate HR test is based on the vanadomolybdate method The distinct advantage of the YSI method is that all reagents required are provided in the form of a test tablet The test is carried out simply by adding a single tablet to a sample of the boiler water A supplementary tablet may be optionally used for the removal of Silica interference In the test phosphates react with ammonium molybdate in the presence of ammonium vanadate to form the yellow phosphovanadomolybdate The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the phosphate concentratio
109. ntageous in that it does not contribute solids to the boiler water The YSI Hydrazine test provides a simple means of measuring hydrazine levels in boiler feed water and boiler water over the range 0 0 5 mg l Method The YSI Hydrazine test uses a special reagent powder containing p dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde in an acidic formulation Hydrazine reacts with this reagent to produce a yellow coloration The intensity of the color produced is proportional to the hydrazine concentration and is measured using the YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Hydrazine Test Powder YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Scoop 1g approx PT 697 Test Instructions Filter sample if necessary to obtain clear solution Take two test tubes A and B Fill test tube A with sample to the 10 ml mark Fill test tube B with deionised water to the 10 ml mark To each tube add one level scoop 1g of Hydrazine Test Powder Mix to dissolve and cap tubes Stand for two minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 41 on photometer Take photometer reading of Tube A in usual manner see photometer instructions Use Tube B as the Blank to set the instrument The result is displayed as mg l N H O AOUN oO ON YD PHOT 42 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method MOLYBDATE LR AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR LOW LEVELS OF MOLYBDATE SELECTION IN INDUSTRIAL WATERS AND EFFLUENTS 0
110. od provides a simple test for nitrate nitrogen over the range 0 1 mg l N The test can however be extended to cover the range 0 20 mg l by a simple dilution technique Method In the YSI Nitratest method nitrate is first reduced to nitrite the resulting nitrite is then determined by a diazonium reaction to form a reddish dye The reduction stage is carried out using the unique zinc based Nitratest Powder and Nitratest Tablet which aids rapid flocculation after the one minute contact period The test is conducted in a special Nitratest Tube a graduated sample container with hopper bottom to facilitate settlement and decanting of the sample The nitrite resulting from the reduction stage is determined by reaction with sulphanilic acid in the presence of N 1 naphthyl ethy ene diamine to form a reddish dye The reagents are provided in a single Nitricol tablet which is simply added to the test solution The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the nitrate con centration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Nitratest Powder Spoon Pack YSI Nitratest Tablets YSI Nitricol Tablets YSI Nitratest Tube 20 ml PT 526 YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Fill the Nitratest Tube with sample to the 20 ml mark 2 Add one level spoonful of Nitratest Powder and one Nitratest tablet Do not crush the tablet Replace screw cap and shake tub
111. olved Select Phot 37 on the photometer Take photometer reading in the usual manner The result is displayed as mg l CaCO oO0mAecn Test Procedure Alkalinity P Filter sample if necessary to obtain a clear solution Fill the test tube to the 10 ml mark with sample Add one Alkaphot P tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand two minutes to allow complete color development Select Phot 38 on the photometer Take photometer reading immediately in the usual manner The result is displayed as mg l CaCO NOOO BR WD Alkalinity Relationships From the results obtained from the foregoing procedures it is possible to classify the sample into the three main chemical forms of alkalinity present in most waters namely hydroxides carbonates and bicarbonates This calculated relationship assumes the absence of other weak forms of alkalinity and also assumes that hydroxides and bicarbonates are not compatible in the same sample The chemical forms of alkalinity expressed as mg l CaCO3 are calculated by the following equations a If Alkalinity P 0 b If Alkalinity P gt 0 and M gt 2P Then Bicarbonate 2 M Then Bicarbonate M 2P Carbonate 0 Carbonate 2P Hydroxide 0 Hydroxide 0 c If Alkalinity P gt 0 and M lt 2P Then Bicarbonate 0 Carbonate 2M 2P Hydroxide 2P M Where P and M are the results of the Alkaphot P and Alkaphot M tests respectively NOTE The expression of alkalinity results sometim
112. on of Chlorine Residuals The photometer is programmed for free chlorine and for the chloramine stages Use program Phot 71 Free Chlorine then select Follow On from screen options to continue test for program 72 Monochloramine and again for program 73 Dichloramine Test Procedure 1 2 Rinse test tube with sample leaving two or three drops of sample in the tube Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush tablet and then fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet 3 Select Phot 71 on photometer 10 Take photometer reading immediately as result may drift on standing in usual manner see photometer instructions The result represents the free chlorine residual as mg l Clo To measure monochloramine continue the test on the same test portion Select Follow On from screen options to continue the test program Add one DPD No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Take the photometer reading immediately The result displayed is the mono chloramine concentration as mg l Clo To measure dichloramine continue the test on the same test portion Select Follow On option from screen options to continue the test program Add one DPD No 3 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for two minutes to allow full color development Take the photometer reading The photometer displays the dichloramine concentration as mg l Cl PHOT 7 3 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLOR
113. ontinue the test on the same test portion Select Follow On from screen options to continue the test program Add one DPD No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Take the photometer reading immediately The result displayed is the mono chloramine concentration as mg l Cl To measure dichloramine continue the test on the same test portion Select Follow On option from screen options to continue the test program Add one DPD No 3 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for two minutes to allow full color development Take the photometer reading The photometer displays the dichloramine concentration as mg l Cl PHOT 7 3 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLORINE DIOXIDE sutomaric WAVELENGTH TEST FOR CHLORINE DIOXIDE SELECTION AND OTHER RESIDUALS IN WATER 0 25 0 mg l as Cl 0 9 5 mg l as CIO Chlorine dioxide is used for the disinfection of water in a variety of different applications Chlorine dioxide is normally generated by reacting chlorine with sodium chlorite solution in specially designed plant and equipment Water treated with chlorine dioxide may therefore also contain amounts of chlorine and chlorite For the control of such water treatment systems it is necessary to determine and differentiate between these different residual species The YSI Chlorine Dioxide method provides a precise method of determining chlorine dioxide in treated water Supplementary procedures p
114. orine free water PHOT 8 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CHLORINE DPD AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR TOTAL CHLORINE IN WATER SELECTION 0 5 0 mg l Chlorine and chlorine release compounds are widely used for the disinfection of drinking water and swimming pools for the control of micro biological growth in cooling water and in many other water treatment systems Accurate measurement of the chlorine residual is an essential aspect of the control of these chlorination processes The chlorine level can be expressed in terms of the free chlorine combined chlorine or total chlorine residuals For the majority of applications measurement of the free chlorine residual is the most important This test method provides a simple means of measuring total chlorine residuals over the range 0 5 mg l Method This YSI chlorine test uses the DPD method developed by Dr A T Palin and now internationally recognized as the standard method of testing for chlorine and other disinfectant residuals In the YSI DPD method the reagents are provided in tablet form for maximum convenience and simplicity of use Free chlorine reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration The intensity of the color is proportional to the free chlorine concentration Subsequent addition of excess potassium iodide induces a further reaction with any combined chlorine present The color intensity
115. presence of significant levels of EDTA at least 25 mg l complexes nickel and reduces response in the test Complexing agents used in water treatment such as polyphosphates do not affect the results WREEHEHENE oo PHOT 54 AUTO mud mmm l PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method PHENOL AUTOMATIC PHENOLTEST SELECHON TEST FOR PHENOL AND ORTHO 9 59 mg las Phenol META SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS IN NATURAL DRINKING AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATERS Phenols and substituted phenols may occur in natural drinking and industrial waste waters Phenols are not readily removed from water by conventional water treatment processes These compounds arise typically from oil and chemical refining livestock dips the breakdown of pesticides human and animal wastes and from naturally occurring sources Chlorination of such waters may produce odorous and objectionable tasting chlorophenols The YSI Phenoltest method provides a simple means of measuring the concentration of phenol and phenolic compounds present in water over the range 0 5 0 mg l The concentration of phenol determined in the test is due to unsubstituted and to ortho and meta substituted phenols A proportion of para substituted phenols will give a positive response Method In the Phenoltest method phenol and phenolic compounds react with 4 amino antipyrine in the presence of ferricyanide ions to form a red color The reagents are provided in tablet form and the test
116. r the EEC Regulations is 10 mg l The YSI Potassium test provides a simple means of testing potassium levels in water over the range 0 12 0 mg l Method The YSI Potassium test is based on a single tablet reagent containing sodium tetraphenylboron Potassium salts react with sodium tetraphenyl boron to form an insoluble white complex At the potassium levels encountered in the test this is observed as a turbidity in the test sample The degree of turbidity is proportional to the potassium concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Potassium K Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Potassium K tablet crush and mix to dissolve A cloudy solution indicates the presence of potassium 3 Select Phot 30 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions 5 The result is displayed as mg l K PHOT 31 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method SILICA LR AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR SILICA IN NATURAL SELECTION TREATED AND INDUSTRIAL WATER 0 4 0 mg l SiO Silicon in the form of silica is one of the earth s most abundant elements Silicon is found widely in natural waters as colloidal silica or soluble silicates Silica and silicates do not normally cause any problems in water intended for domestic consumption However the
117. ree drops of Glycine treated sample into a second clean test tube Add one DPD No 1 tablet and crush to disintegrate Add the remaining contents of the first test tube to the second test tube and mix Select Phot 7 on photometer Take photometer reading Result G immediately in usual manner see photometer instructions Multiply Result G by 5 to obtain the chlorine dioxide residual in terms of mg l Chlorine To obtain the chlorine dioxide residual as mg l ClO multiply Result G by 1 9 Test Procedure Free and Combined Chlorine and Chlorite 1 Rinse a test tube with sample leaving two or three drops Add one DPD No 1 tablet crush and then fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Mix to dissolve tablet Take the photometer reading on Phot 7 immediately as result may drift on standing in usual manner Result A Continue the test by adding one DPD No 3 tablet Crush tablet mix to dissolve and then stand for two minutes Take photometer reading Result C Continue the test by adding one DPD Acidifying tablet Crush tablet mix to dissolve and then stand for two minutes Add one DPD Neutralising tablet crush and mix to dissolve Take the photometer reading Result D The results of the tests in terms of mg l chlorine are calculated from the observed results as follows Chlorine Dioxide 5G Free Chlorine A G Combined Chlorine C A Chlorite D C 4G Total Oxidising Capacity D ERBHEEHHE nan jann
118. replacement 21 Limitation of Warranty This Warranty does not apply to any YSI product damage or failure caused by 1 Failure to install operate or use the product in accordance with YSI s written instructions 2 Abuse or misuse of the product 3 Failure to maintain the product in accordance with YSI s written instructions or standard industry procedure 4 Any improper repairs to the product 5 Use by you of defective or improper components or parts in servicing or repairing the product 6 Modification of the product in any way not expressly authorized by YSI THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE YSI s LIABILITY UNDER THIS WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT AND THIS SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY IN NO EVENT SHALL YSI BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY Contact Information For Customer Service Technical and Ordering Support Telephone 800 897 4151 937 767 7241 Monday through Friday 8 00 AM to 5 00 PM ET Fax 937 767 9353 orders 937 767 1058 technical support Email environmental ysi com Mail YSI Incorporated 1725 Brannum Lane Yellow Springs OH 45387 USA 22 Table of Contents Photometer Instructions TA
119. rogram number on the photometer for the test range required 6 Take the photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions Use the light cap whilst taking readings Conversion Factors In different applications it may be conventional to express the results of chloride tests in different ways The following conversion factors are provided for the convenience of users TO CONVERT REST E From To mg l CI mg l CaCO 1 41 mg l NaCl mg l CaCO 0 85 WREEHEHENE oo PHOT 47 AUTO mud mmm PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method C O LO R AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR COLOR IN NATURAL SELECTION AND TREATED WATERS 10 500 mg I Pt 10 500 mg l Hazen Units Pure water exhibits a light blue color when viewed in depth This color may be modified by the presence of organic material typically to a yellow or brown color An estimate of this color intensity is used as a simple means of monitoring natural and treated water Method The color of the water is determined photoelectrically using the YSI Photometer The sample should be filtered to remove suspended solids before analysis to determine the true color due to dissolved matter The color of water is expressed using the platinum cobalt color scale Pt Co scale Each unit is equivalent to the color produced by 1 mg l platinum in the form of chloroplatinic acid in the presence of 2 mg l cobaltous chloride hexahydrate These units are ident
120. rovide for the determination of free and combined chlorine and chlorite Method Chlorine dioxide reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution to produce a pink coloration Chlorine reacts in a similar manner Glycine is used to prevent the reaction with chlorine so as to give specific determination of chlorine dioxide In the supplementary part of the test the glycine is omitted and it is then possible by differences to measure the free chlorine content Subsequent addition of potassium iodide induces a further reaction with any combined chlorine present Continuation of the test using an acidification and neutralisation procedure produces a further reaction and in this way the chlorite concentration can be determined The color intensities at each stage of the test are measured using a YSI Photometer and the concentration of each individual component are obtained by a simple calculation It is normal practice to express the concentration of each component in terms of the equivalent chlorine concentration Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 1 Tablets YSI DPD No 3 Tablets YSI DPD Glycine Tablets YSI DPD Acidifying Tablets YSI DPD Neutralising Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer YSI Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Chlorine Dioxide 1 2 Rinse a clean test tube with sample then fill with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Glycine tablet crush and mix to dissolve Decant two or th
121. s to results For accurate results equilibrate a full glass bottle of sample with no headspace to room temperature for analysis Item Y PT 282 Rev A Drawing Y PT 282 2010 YSI Incorporated V1 11 10
122. stinctive range of colors from yellow through green to blue are produced In the YSI method the reagents are combined in the form of a single tablet and the test is simply carried out by adding a tablet to a sample of water The intensity of the color produced is proportional to the PHMB concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI PHMB Phot Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 2 3 4 Fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one PHMB Phot tablet crush and mix to dissolve Select Phot 52 on photometer Take photometer reading immediately in usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l active biocide a trade marks acknowledged PHOT 53 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method NICKEL NICKELTEST auromaric WAVELENGTH TEST FOR NICKEL IN NATURAL SELECTION AND TREATED WATER 0 10 mg l Nickel does not occur naturally in water but is found in many industrial waste waters such as those from the steel and plating industries It is considered an undesirable constituent of water and hence requires close and careful monitoring The EC maximum admissible concentration for drinking water MAC is 0 05 mg l The YSI Nickeltest method provides a simple test for the determination of nickel in water over the range 0 10 mg l Ni The test responds to both Ni and Ni
123. suring nitrite for the control of such treatment products in cooling water The test covers the range 0 1500 mg l NaNO Method The YSI Nitriphot method is based on a colorimetric procedure using an iodide containing reagent system Nitrites catalyse the oxidation of the iodide to iodine under mildly acid conditions to produce a brown coloration Over the range of the test a series of colors from colorless through yellow to brown are produced The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the nitrite concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Nitriphot No 1 Tablets YSI Nitriphot No 2 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Measuring Syringe 1 ml PT 361 Test Procedure l Filter sample if necessary to obtain a clear solution 2 Using the measuring syringe take 1 ml of the sample Transfer to the test tube and make up to the 10 ml mark with deionised water 3 Add one Nitriphot No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Nitriphot No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Cap immediately 5 Stand for exactly two minutes to allow full color development Ignore any further color development after this time Select Phot 43 on the photometer Take photometer reading in the usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l NaNO Interferences Chlorine in excess of 30 mg l may give slight positive interfer
124. t YSI Nitricol Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure 1 2 3 4 Fill round test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Nitricol tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for 10 minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 24 on photometer for result as mg l N or Phot 64 for result as mg l NO Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions To convert from mg l N to mg l NO multiply result by 3 3 PHOT 25 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method OZONE AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH SELECTION 0 2 0 mg l TEST FOR OZONE IN WATER Ozone is used for the disinfection of swimming pool water and in many other water treatment systems In swimming pool water treatment ozone is normally introduced into the circulation system and then removed prior to the re entry of the water to the pool In other water treatment systems an ozone residual may be maintained in the water In all cases accurate measurement of ozone residual is essential for the control of the system or to ensure that the ozone has been removed The YSI DPD Ozone method provides a simple means of measuring ozone residuals up to a level of 2 0 mg l Other disinfectants such as chlorine and bromine are frequently used in conjunction with ozone Supplementary procedures are therefore provided for the separate determination of these residuals Method The YSI O
125. t calculation Test Procedure Organophosphonate 1 Fill the plastic test tube with diluted sample to the 20 ml mark 2 Add one Oxidising OP tablet Replace screw cap and shake tube until tablet dissolves Allow the tube to stand for five minutes Add one OP A tablet Replace screw cap and shake tube until tablet dissolves Allow the tube to stand for two minutes Filter a portion of the solution into a round glass test tube filling to the 10 ml mark 7 Add one OP B tablet crush tablet and mix to dissolve 8 Stand for five minutes to allow full color development 9 Select Phot 44 on photometer 10 Take photometer reading in the usual manner see photometer instructions on BR Ww The test may be terminated at this stage if the original sample is known not to contain orthophosphate Test Procedure Correction Factor If it is suspected that the sample contains orthophosphate carry out the following correction procedure On the photometer select the Follow On option on screen to continue the test program Fill a round glass test tube with diluted sample to the 10 ml mark Add one OP AX tablet Crush and mix to dissolve Add one OP B tablet Crush and mix to dissolve Stand for five minutes to allow full color development Take photometer reading in the usual manner The instrument displays the corrected organophosphonate concentration as active PO OOA OUN gt Interferences Chloride in excess of 350 mg l
126. te No 2 LR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer YSI Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Filter sample if necessary to obtain a clear solution Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Molybdate No 1 LR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Molybdate No 2 LR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Stand for two minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 42 on the photometer Take Photometer reading in the usual manner see photometer instructions The result is displayed as mg l MoO co u O0 U1 BWYN L3 Note Molybdate concentrations can be expressed in a number of different ways The following factors may be used for the conversion of results To convert from MoO to Na2MoO multiply by 1 3 To convert from MoO to Mo multiply by 0 6 Interferences 1 Copper 20 mg l zinc 20 mg l phosphate 100 mg l and calcium 200 mg l do not interfere in this test 2 Iron 10 mg l and chlorine 10 mg l cause slightly high blank readings equivalent to 0 6 mg l Mo However they do not cause any interference in samples which contain molybdate PHOT 43 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS N ITR ITE Photometer Method AUTOMATIC NITRIPH OT WAVELENGTH SELECTION TEST FOR NITRITE 0 1500 mg I NaNO IN COOLING WATER Nitrites and nitrite based formulations are widely used for corrosion control in cooling water systems The YSI Nitriphot test provides a simple means of mea
127. tem menu select Edit User Defined Tests and press OK The instrument will display the tests already downloaded or show LIST EMPTY In the Options menu select Add to add a new test or Edit to edit the test which is currently highlighted Change the highlighted test with and keys Press OK The instrument displays a message box instructing the user to download the new or edited test file At the PC download the calibration file from HyperTerminal using Transfer Send Text File and select the file to be downloaded The instrument will check the downloaded data If it is acceptable it will display a message box Accepted over the downloaded data If there are errors in the file a list of errors will be displayed The user should edit the calibration file to correct the errors then re send it Press OK to accept the test The instrument will change to the User Test List screen See 3 with a summary of the test displayed Press OK to accept the test and write to memory Select Cancel at any time to reject the calibration The format of the user calibration file is as follows e The file must start with USER CALIBRATION and end with END e Test Number must be between 900 929 30 tests e Test name up to 18 characters e Units Must be one of the following mg l ppm mmol l mol l or g l e Wavelength Must be one of the following 450 nm 500 nm 550 nm 570 nm 600 nm or
128. ter Reagents and Equipment YSI Alkaphot Tablets YSI 9300 OR 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Alkaphot tablet crush and mix until all of the particles have dissolved Stand for one minute then remix Select Phot 2 on photometer Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions O a A o N gt The result is displayed as mg l CaCO3 Note To convert Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 to Total Alkalinity as HCO3 multiply result by 1 22 PHOT 3 AUTO YSI PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method ALUMINUM AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR TOTAL ALUMINUM IN SELECTION NATURAL AND TREATED WATERS 0 0 5 mg l Aluminum sulphate is widely used as a coagulant in drinking water treatment The determination of aluminum residual alum is usually required for the control of alum coagulation and filtration processes at water works Aluminum salts are found in natural waters levels are reported to be increasing particularly in areas affected by acid rain High aluminum levels can be toxic to fish and aquatic life Aluminum determination is necessary therefore for environmental control and for testing water used for fish farms etc The YSI Aluminum test provides a simple method of measuring aluminum levels in natural and drinking waters over the range 0 0 5 mg l Method Aluminum reacts with Eriochrome Cyanin
129. tes to allow full color development 6 Select Phot 15 on the photometer 7 Take photometer reading in the usual manner see photometer instructions 8 The Total Hardness result is displayed as mg l CaCO Interferences 1 Unusually high levels of iron above 10 mg l will cause low results for total hardness 2 The pH required in the test is closely controlled by a buffer mixture included in the tablet formulation However to avoid exceeding the buffer capacity strongly acid or alkaline samples should be adjusted to within the pH range 4 to 10 prior to the start of the test Notes 1 The expression of hardness results sometimes causes confusion It is normal practice to express the result of hardness tests as mg l CaCO calcium carbonate This is merely a convention to allow the comparison of different results and does not necessarily indicate that the hardness is present in the water in this form 2 This test measures total hardness For the specific measurement of calcium hardness or magnesium hardness refer to the YSI Calcicol PHOT 12 and Magnecol PHOT 21 tests respectively ERHEENHHH BESETENE PHOT 16 AUTO BE inn PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS HYD ROG EN Photometer Method AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH PEROXIDE LR VAVELENGT TEST FOR LOW LEVELS OF 0 2 0 mg l HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN WATER Hydrogen peroxide is used in various water treatment processes In such applications it is important to ensure that the hydrogen peroxi
130. the instrument contact YSI Technical Support Department or the authorized distributor who supplied the instrument The YSI standard photometer service includes cleaning of the optical assembly replacement of any worn parts and checking recalibration of the instrument Error Messages The photometer will display an error message in the unlikely event of a malfunction These error messages are mainly designed to assist service staff in diagnosing instrument faults In the event an error message appears on the photometer contact YSI Technical Support Department for advice Error messages are coded 7 and 9 and both relate to blanking the instrument If you see one of these error messages check the operating technique and sample clarity If you continue to get error messages try the following Error 7 indicates too much light remove the instrument from bright light and use the light cap Error 9 indicates not enough light follow Cleaning the Optics routine 20 Photometer Up Grade 9500 only It is now possible to upgrade the photometer with new test calibrations using a computer This will ensure that users can always keep the instrument up to date with the latest tests Contact YSI to request an update at environmentalgysi com No special computer software is required Full instructions will be supplied with the upgrade data Computer Controlled Operation 9500 Only The photometer can be controlled from a computer usi
131. thod is based on a colorimetric procedure involving the reduction of an indicator dye Sulfites react with the indicator dye under buffered conditions to destroy the original purple coloration With increasing sulfite concentrations a range of colors from purple to colorless is produced An advantage of the Sulfitest method is that it does not respond to other reducing species as do traditional iodometric methods The degree of color loss observed in the test is proportional to the sulfite concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Sulfitest No 1 Tablets YSI Sulfitest No 2 Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Procedure Filter sample if necessary to obtain a clear solution Fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark Add one Sulfitest No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Add one Sulfitest No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve Cap tube immediately Stand for two minutes to allow full color reduction to take place Select Phot 34 on the photometer Take photometer reading in the usual manner see photometer instructions ON DOO FWD gt The result is displayed as mg l Na2SO3 NOTE Equipment should be washed immediately after use with a detergent if necessary to prevent staining Sulfite concentrations may be expressed as mg l SO3 To convert from mg l Na2SO3 to mg l SO multiply by 0 63 INTERFERENCES This test is not affect
132. tic ALKAPH OT Wavelength Selection TEST FOR TOTAL ALKALINITY IN NATURAL AND TREATED WATERS 0 500 mg l Caco Natural and treated waters may contain a variety of dissolved alkaline substances such as carbonates bicarbonates hydroxides and to a lesser extent borates phosphates and silicates In water at neutral pH the alkalinity derives mainly from the presence of bicarbonates Total alkalinity is an important test in determining the aggressiveness or scale forming tendency of the water If the total alkalinity is low the water may be aggressive and cause corrosion to pipe work and structures if the total alkalinity is high the water may more readily promote scale formation Alkalinity control is therefore an important part of many water treatment programmes The YSI Alkaphot test uses a colorimetric method and covers the total alkalinity range 0 500 mg l CaCO3 The test is particularly suitable for checking natural and drinking waters swimming pool water boiler water etc Method The YSI Alkaphot test is based on a unique colorimetric method and uses a single tablet reagent The test is simply carried out by adding a tablet to a sample of the water Under the conditions of the test a distinctive range of colors from yellow through green to blue is produced over the alkalinity range 0 500 mg l CaCO The color produced in the test is indicative of the alkalinity of the water and is measured using a YSI Photome
133. ting chlorine with sodium chlorite solution Water treated with chlorine dioxide may therefore also contain amounts of chlorine and chlorite For the control of water treatment systems it is necessary to determine chlorine dioxide in the presence of these other residuals The YSI Chlorine Dioxide method provides a specific method of determining chlorine dioxide in treated water in the presence of free and combined chlorine and chlorite Method In the YSI Chlorine Dioxide test Lissamine Green B is bleached under alkaline conditions by chlorine dioxide An ammonium salt is used to prevent any interference by chlorine This method can determine chlorine dioxide accurately in the presence of free and complexed chlorine chlorite chlorate ozone bromine and permanganate Reagents and Equipment YSI Chlordiox Buffer Tablets YSI Chlordiox HR Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer YSI Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Important Note Chlorine dioxide is extremely volatile and can be lost from solution very easily Extreme care must be taken when extracting and dispensing samples to minimise any loss from solution to ensure accurate measurement When pouring the sample into a test tube it is recommended that this is done by holding the tube at a slight angle and pouring slowly and gently down the side of the tube to minimise any splashing and turbulence which may cause loss of chlorine dioxide vapour Test Procedure Chlorine Dioxide
134. to dissolve Stand for two minutes to allow full color development Select Phot 12 on the photometer for result as mg l CaCO or Phot 60 for result as mg l Ca Take photometer reading in the usual manner see photometer instructions Interferences 1 Magnesium hardness up to 200 mg l as CaCO3 does not interfere with the test Iron at levels above 10 mg l may cause low results Zinc above 5 mg l may cause high results The pH required in the test is closely controlled by a buffer mixture included in the tablet formulation However to avoid exceeding the buffer capacity strongly acid or alkaline samples should be adjusted to within the pH range 4 to 10 prior to the start of the test Notes 1 The expression of hardness results sometimes causes confusion It is normal practice to express the results of hardness tests as mg l CaCO calcium carbonate This is merely a convention to allow the comparison of different results and does not necessarily indicate that the hardness is present in the water in this form Results may also be expressed as mg l Ca To convert mg l CaCO to mg l Ca multiply by 0 4 Magnesium hardness may be determined using the YSI Magnecol method see PHOT 21 or by taking the difference between the Total Hardness PHOT 15 and Calcium Hardness test results BREEWHNE SEE pann PHOT 13 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method CYANURIC ACID AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR CYANUR
135. two minutes to allow full color development 10 Take photometer reading 11 The result represents the total chlorine residual as milligrams per litre 12 The combined chlorine residual is obtained by subtracting the free chlorine residual result from the total chlorine residual result ie Combined Chlorine Total Chlorine Free Chlorine Note A too high chlorine level above 10 mg l can cause bleaching of the pink coloration formed in the DPD test and give a false negative or lower than expected result If a colorless or pale pink test solution is obtained then a high level chlorine may be present check for the possibility of bleaching by repeating the test on a sample diluted with chlorine free water PHOT 7 1 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS C H LOR N E Photometer Method AUTOMATIC CHLORAMINES DPD _ wavetenctn SELECTION TEST FOR FREE CHLORINE 0 5 0 mg l MONOCHLORAMINE AND DICHLORAMINE IN WATER Chlorine and chlorine release compounds are widely used for the disinfection of water When dissolved in water chlorine forms hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions Chlorine remaining in the water in this form is known as the free chlorine residual Chlorine does however react with ammonia and nitrogen based species to form chloramines These compounds are poor disinfectants and can also impart a characteristic taste or odour to the water It is important therefore in certain applications to be able to distinguis
136. ual manner see photometer instructions N OO A The result is displayed as mg l Al Interferences The presence of polyphosphate or fluoride can lead to low aluminum readings Polyphosphate is unlikely to be present in significant quantities in normal water samples Fluoride will only be significant for control samples from water works where fluoridation is practised In such cases samples should preferably be taken before the final fluoridation stage For samples taken after fluoridation such as those from water distribution systems or for samples containing natural fluoride the aluminium concentration should be corrected To obtain the corrected aluminum concentration multiply the calibration chart value by the factor 1 0 4 F where F is the Fluoride concentration as mg l F The fluoride concentration should be determined separately by normal test procedure PHOT 4 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method AMMONIA AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR AMMONIA IN NATURAL SELECTION DRINKING AND WASTE WATERS O0 1 0 mg I N Ammonia occurs as a breakdown product of nitrogenous material in natural waters It is also found in domestic effluents and certain industrial waste waters Ammonia is harmful to fish and other forms of aquatic life and the ammonia level must be carefully controlled in water used for fish farms and aquariums Ammonia tests are routinely applied for pollution control on effluents and waste
137. ults and molybdate at any concentration causes precipitation The pretreatment procedures described below using Citrate IR tablets remove interference from nitrite up to 500 mg l NO and molybdate up to 20 mg l MoO This pretreatment does however reduce the tolerance to chromium and is not recommended therefore for chromium containing samples Pretreatment Procedure using Citrate IR Tablets Samples Containing Nitrite 1 Fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Citrate IR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Ensure all particles are dissolved 3 Continue the test as described in the test procedure from Stage 2 above but allow the tube to stand for 15 minutes to allow full color development before taking the photometer reading Samples Containing Molybdate 1 Fill the test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Iron MR No 1 tablet crush and mix to dissolve 3 Add one Citrate IR tablet crush and mix to dissolve Ensure all particles are dissolved 4 Continue the test as described in the test procedure from Stage 3 but allow the tube to stand for 15 minutes to allow full color development before taking the reading PHOT 41 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method HYDRAZINE AUTOMATIC WAVLELENGTH TEST FOR HYDRAZINE SELECTION IN INDUSTRIAL WATER 0 0 5 mg l NH Hydrazine is used as an oxygen scavenger in high pressure boilers and steam raising plant Hydrazine is particularly adva
138. urbidity will be present In order to separate the effect of turbidity and color the sample is compared against a filtered portion of the same water The YSI method has been calibrated against the widely recognised formazin turbidity solutions Turbidity is expressed in terms of Formazin Turbidity Units FTU These units are broadly equivalent to Jackson Turbidity Units J TU and Nephelometric Turbidity Units NTU Reagents and Equipment YSI Color Turbidity Set PM 269 YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Test Procedure 1 Filter a portion of the sample through a GF B filter paper 2 Filla test tube with filtered sample and retain for use as the BLANK tube 3 Fill a test tube with unfiltered sample to the 10 ml mark 4 Select Phot 48 on photometer 5 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions using the filtered sample as the blank Note An optional light shield is available for use with the photometer This shield fits over the test chamber and reduces stray light reaching the photocell It is not necessary to use the light shield when carrying out this test indoors or under shaded outdoor light The use of the light shield is however recommended when testing for turbidity under bright or variable lighting conditions WREEHEHENE oo PHOT 49 AUTO mud mmm PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS Photometer Method DISSOLVED OXYGEN 0 8 1 4 AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH TEST FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN BOILER WATER AND SELEC
139. waters and for the monitoring of drinking water supplies The YSI Ammonia Test provides a simple method of measuring ammonia ammoniacal nitrogen over the range 0 1 0 mg l N Method The YSI Ammonia test is based on an indophenol method Ammonia reacts with alkaline salicylate in the presence of chlorine to form a green blue indophenol complex Catalysts are incorporated to ensure complete and rapid color develop ment The reagents are provided in the form of two tablets for maximum convenience The test is simply carried out by adding one of each tablet to a sample of the water The intensity of the color produced in the test is proportional to the ammonia concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer Reagents and Equipment YSI Ammonia No 1 Tablets YSI Ammonia No 2 Tablets YS 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Test Instructions 1 Fill test tube with sample to the 10 ml mark 2 Add one Ammonia No 1 tablet and one Ammonia No 2 tablet crush and mix to dissolve 3 Stand for 10 minutes to allow color development 4 Select Phot 4 on photometer to measure Ammonia mg l N or select Phot 62 on photometer to measure ammonium mg l NH4 5 Take photometer reading in usual manner see photometer instructions Sea Water Samples YSI Ammonia Conditioning Reagent is required when testing sea water or brackish water samples to prevent precipitation of salts The reagent is supplied in a special
140. wer or much higher pH value lonic strength temperature and other water factors may have an effect on pH readings This test has been calibrated for conditions most likely to be encountered in a typical swimming pool at 30 C BREEBEHNE SEE pann PHOT 28 AUTO PHOTOMETER TEST INSTRUCTIONS PHOSPHATE LR Photometer Method AUTOMATIC TEST FOR LOW LEVELS OF WAVELENGTH PHOSPHATE IN NATURAL SELECTION AND DRINKING WATERS 0 4 0 mg l PO 0 1 3 mg I P Phosphates are extensively used in detergent formulations and washing powders Phosphates also find widespread application in the food processing industry and in industrial water treatment processes Agricultural fertilizers normally contain phosphate minerals and phosphates also arise from the breakdown of plant materials and in animal wastes Phosphates can therefore enter water courses through a variety of routes particularly domestic and industrial effluents and run off from agricultural land Phosphate is an important control test for natural and drinking waters Whilst phosphates are not generally considered harmful for human consumption they do exhibit a complex effect on the natural environment In particular phosphates are associated with eutrophication of water and with rapid unwanted plant growth in rivers and lakes Phosphates present in natural water pass through into drinking water supplies The YSI Phosphate LR test provides a simple method of measuring phosphate lev
141. zone test uses the DPD method now internationally recognised as the standard method of testing for disinfectant residuals In the DPD method the reagents are provided in tablet form for maximum convenience and simplicity of use Ozone reacts with diethyl p phenylene diamine DPD in buffered solution in the presence of potassium iodide to produce a pink coloration The intensity of the color is proportional to the ozone concentration and is measured using a YSI Photometer For the determination of ozone in the presence of chlorine or bromine a supple mentary procedure using glycine is used The glycine destroys the ozone in the sample and the color produced in the DPD test thus corresponds to the chlorine or bromine only The ozone content is thus obtained by the difference between the test readings with and without glycine Reagents and Equipment YSI DPD No 4 Clear Tablets YSI DPD Glycine Tablets YSI 9300 or 9500 Photometer Round Test Tubes 10 ml glass PT 595 Separation of Ozone Residuals The photometer is programmed for both ozone and the correction procedure Use program Phot 25 Ozone Chlorine then select the Follow On option on screen to continue test using program Phot 26 Correction Procedure The corrected ozone residual is calculated automatically and displayed Test Procedure 1 2 3 4 5 Rinse test tube with sample leaving two to three drops of sample in the tube Add one DPD No 4 tablet crush tablet

YSI 9300 / 9500 User Manual with Test Procedures

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