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System 2 Hygrometer - GE Measurement & Control

1. ENT AUTO CAL SYSTEM 2 KEY IN 1 ENT use a value for AL6 determined by the formula ALn 5 as 4 me om on the previous page KEY IN 142 6 ENT 1 RUB KEY IN 20 ENT 20 ENT Figure 4 6 Setting Analog Output to 4 20 mA 4 24 User Programming 11 1 89 Example C Setting the Alarm Trip Points In this example we will set the alarms to trip at a high and a low moisture value For this example we will set the low alarm to trip at 4 75 C and the high alarm to trip at 4 75 C The alarm trip points are set in the PROG subroutine under the option ALARMS as discussed on page 4 17 Select the ALARMS option and at each prompt erase the present values by pressing lt ENT gt and enter the values shown Set JL6 1 Set KL6 4 75 Set JH6 1 Set KH6 4 75 The programming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in the flow diagram The new parameters will take effect as soon as you return to the operating mode User Programming 4 25 11 1 89 KEY IN 1 2 3 ENT TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE P
2. 7 2 Summary by Terminal Block ser s 2 2 95 8 45 I I I 7 2 Summary by Function te cee he 7 3 cece ehe dew wanes ED Cent 7 3 se tree et teint ea 7 4 Chapter 8 Reconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer Introduction E IET Dents 8 1 Switch Selectable Options PAA Wis Wee 8 2 Analog Recorder Output Type and Range 8 2 Measurement Units tet Moats 8 4 Digital Interface Option le eae Mae 8 5 Baud Rate Selection eodd x MERO Bea Hee Bee Stew E 8 6 Hygrometer Card Channel Switch 0 0 8 6 Power Supply Switch uei eset redes et eee iad a evaded as nye qe is 8 7 System Reset Switch dated ees DE Ganesh sacs 8 8 Chapter 9 Specifications Overall Specifications gawd dst eb be e dee ets 9 1 Gener la bok E aie ee ere ene HUEVO OPEM IATER Gabe 9 1 POWetic v secte tre iE EIER RN ER ar oo E be rt erecta 9 1 cad ee eee Sh ee us ees Seen hel ed es eee oo 9 1 Warm up Eme S
3. 1 2 3 4 5 7 14 10 MP MEM1 MEM2 DVM UART RC HYGRO REG PWR SPLY Figure 8 5 Location of Channel Set Switch Showing Channel 1 Selected 8 6 Reconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer 11 1 89 HEEL Power Supply Switch Switch S701 on the No 7 hygrometer card allows this card to be used with different power supplies For all System 2 applications this switch must be in the position shown in Figure 8 6 Note that you cannot reach this switch without removing the No 7 PC card from the card cage If you have reason to remove the No 7 hygrometer card proceed as follows a With the System 2 unplugged and disconnected from its battery pack if you have a battery operated unit open the front panel as described in Figure 2 2 on page 2 2 b Locate the No 7 hygrometer card see Figure 8 1 Grasp the handle on the card as shown in Figure 8 6 below and pull the card straight out NOTE Card handles are not shown in other illustrations When you have confirmed that S701 is in the correct position replace the card by sliding it carefully back into the No 7 slot and seating it firmly in its socket The card is correctly positioned when its edge lines up exactly with the card guide 5701 MUST BE IN THE POSITION SHOWN HERE Figure 8 6 Locating and Verifying Proper Setting of Power Supply Switch S701 Heconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer 8
4. Figure 5 8 Key Sequence to Read PPM on Channel 6 Other Measurements 11 1 89 PPMy cont The display will then show PPM in the format shown in Figure 5 9 below the value shown is for illustration purposes the value you see will be different Parameter Prefix Channel Figure 5 9 Display Format for PPM Other Measurements 5 7 11 1 89 RH RH is calculated according to the following relationship Py x 100 S where P partial pressure of water vapor measured by the moisture probe P the saturation vapor pressure of water at the temperature of measurement Two direct measurement parameters are required to derive RH The System 2 derives P directly from Panametrics M type moisture probe signal since the aluminum oxide measurement technique is a direct measurement of the partial pressure due to water vapor P is calculated as a function of temperature To obtain temperature you will need a type MIT or M2T probe as described on page 5 1 or if temperature is known and is sufficiently non varying to be assumed constant it can be programmed as a system calibration constant To enter a constant temperature follow the programming example I on page 4 37 Assuming you have a Panametrics type MIT or M2T moisture temperature probe connected or have the temperature value set at a constant you are ready to measure RH Turn
5. 1 2 What You Need to Operate a System 2 Hygrometer 1 5 System 2 ODHOInS isch ete da d LAE GE EAE 1 6 11 1 89 Features and The System 2 hygrometer is a high precision moisture measuring Capabilities instrument with a direct reading digital display and analog outputs The primary measurement parameter is dew point DP Optional secondary measurement parameters are temperature T and pressure P Refer to Table 1 1 below The measurement parameters can be used to derive other parameters the System 2 microprocessor calculates derived parameters in real time Standard derived measurement parameters include Parts Per Million by Volume PPM Parts Per Million by Weight PPM and Relative Humidity RH The System 2 also reads MH a diagnostic and calibration parameter used in all Panametrics hygrometers These measurement capabilities come with all System 2 hygrometers Note that there are two special mode selections available see Table 1 1 below These two specials are additionally derived parameters that Panametrics will supply by special order One popular special is MMSCF Pounds of Water per Million Standard Cubic Feet Table 1 1 System 2 Measurement Modes Dew Frost Point Temperature Temperature Pressure PPMw Special 1 optional Special 2 optional All parameters can be displayed or output one output is sta
6. Figure 2 8 Key Sequence to Set Channel 1 for Dew Frost Point Temperature The display will show the dew frost point temperature reading measured by the moisture probe The display reading should appear as shown in Figure 2 9 below Of course the value on the display will depend on the actual dew frost point temperature at the time 1 37 6 Figure 2 9 Display of Dew Frost Point Temperature Note f the message shows NO DATA is displayed there is no probe calibration data for that channel The System 2 must have probe calibration data entered to measure moisture See Example H in Chapter 4 for information on entering probe calibration data Dew frost point temperatures in normal atmosphere may range between 20 C very dry to 20 C very humid Note Probes can easily become saturated if moisture condenses on them This can occur if the ambient temperature drops below the dew frost point temperature Occasionally new probes will become saturated during shipment If this happens the reading will remain at 20 C No damage occurs to a probe when it is saturated but it must be dried before it can be used See Appendix A for a remedy to this problem 2 6 Getting Started 11 1 89 Making a Moisture Measurement The System 2 is now reading the room air dew frost point temperature Clasp the entire sensing end of the probe in the palm of your hand and w
7. 2003 _ gt _ gt _ i _ i L gt gt gt IRR Introduction This appendix contains general information about moisture monitoring techniques System contaminants moisture probe maintenance process applications and other considerations for ensuring accurate moisture measurements are discussed The following specific topics are covered Moisture Monitor Hints Contaminants Aluminum Oxide Probe Maintenance Corrosive Gases and Liquids Materials of Construction Calculations and Useful Formulas in Gas Applications Liquid Applications Empirical Calibrations e Solids Applications Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 1 2003 E Moisture Monitor Hints GE Panametrics hygrometers using aluminum oxide moisture probes have been designed to reliably measure the moisture content of both gases and liquids The measured dew point will be the real dew point of the system at the measurement location and at the time of measurement However no moisture sensor can determine the origin of the measured moisture content In addition to the moisture content of the fluid to be analyzed the water vapor pressure at the measurement location may include components from sources such as moisture from the inner walls of the piping external moisture through leaks in the piping system and trapped moisture from fittings valves filters etc Although these sources may cause the meas
8. Reconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer 8 3 11 1 89 Measurement Units You may select measurement units for temperature and pressure Note that the display will indicate the units selected as described in Chapter 3 Display Format Choices for temperature are C and F Choices for pressure are PSIG and BARS Selections are controlled by switch array SA401 switches 3 and 4 on the No 4 card see Figure 8 3 below PIN 9 on 2 E 4 5 8 7 14 10 MEM1 MEM2 DVM UART RC HYGRO REG PWR SPLY Figure 8 3 Location of Measurement Unit Switches Set the switches as shown in Table 8 2 below Table 8 2 Measurement Unit Switch Settings 8 4 Reconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer 11 1 89 Digital Interface Option With an optional UART card card No 5 installed the System 2 hygrometer can communicate with remote digital devices such as terminals computers and data loggers digital printers You may use the digital option in two ways REMOTE PRINTING A digital printer can log measurements Front keypad control and display options are unchanged REMOTE CONTROL A stand alone digital terminal takes over the function of the System 2 keypad and display UART installation connection and operation are covered in Chapter 6 Selections are controlled by switch array SA401 s
9. 5 12 11 1 89 Introduction Temperature In addition to dewpoint the System 2 can measure Temperature Pressure e PPMy RH MH as well as special measurements such as MMSCF that can be optionally supplied The 5 option is covered on page 5 11 Note that except for MH you will generally need optional temperature or pressure sensors to make these measurements in special cases you can set temperature and pressure to a constant which is further explained in this section and demonstrated in examples shown in Chapter 4 In the following sub sections you will find out which sensor probes you need how to hook them up and how to make and interpret the readings Temperature either as a live input or constant value is needed for the System 2 to calculate PPM or RH To measure temperature you will need an optional moisture temperature type probe Panametrics manufactures two standard types of moisture temperature probes the MIT or M2T These probes are identical to the basic M1 and M2 moisture probes except for an additional 2 wire temperature sensor mounted adjacent to the moisture sensor The probe cable for the MIT and M2T probes is the same as for the standard M1 and M2 moisture probes four wires with shield You already connected the optional temperature probe when you installed the dew frost point probe as discussed on page 2 2 If your System 2 is not already prog
10. System Reset 11 1 89 Introduction Many of the System 2 operating characteristics can be configured by the user or operator Some of these operating characteristics are set in software while some are set in hardware Chapter 4 covers programming operations that control many System 2 operating characteristics User programmed operating characteristics are maintained even when power is disconnected and are therefore one aspect of instrument configuration Instrument operating characteristics that you can set in the User Program are Major Mode Parameter s for Analog Output s Alarm Trip Points Saturation Constant for PPM KPPM constant Probes Configuration Auto Ranging Other characteristics can be set with switches inside the System 2 These are Analog Recorder Output Current or Voltage Analog Output Range Measurement Units English or Metric Digital Interface Options This section covers System 2 switch selectable configuration options Heconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer 8 1 11 1 89 El Switch Selectable Option switches are located inside the System 2 on the No 7 Options Hygrometer card and the No 4 DVM card To reach these switches open the front panel by unlocking the keylock see Chapter 2 and swinging the panel open The panel is hinged on the left and swings out from the right Refer to Figure 2 2 on pag
11. 4 39 Fast Response Option vs Aiea hen alee gaan T dea gu eves rud Runs 4 42 Mode 9 Fast Response Dew 0 4 42 Mode 9 Fast Response PPMV 0 4 43 Chapter 5 Other Measurements Introductioliz 2232 ERE e e T ea e eh s ed e E 5 1 M 5 1 Press re aae oo MTM Tc EDT 5 2 siete tech ries REN Ra ed ar eve a tree 5 4 PPM Vine OR eee sert evt BE Ge a GEI Ee nM 5 6 RH exe e eet pue Me ML dut Us made tss 5 8 hls EN EE HN PE PE CE RED 5 9 MMSCF Options eb isa ees poc nee ase Ce SER RIEN UO owas n NOR EE ux Fus 5 11 General Description ceno eee RES eee 5 11 Mode 8 MMSCF in Natural 5 11 Mode 9 MMSCFE in an Ideal Gas 5 12 Chapter 6 Installation Introduction Pedes rte dated dett ad 6 1 Initial Inspection ueneno kinase tale 6 1 Site Preparations WTA ele EL RAE we RE RE be DILE ORE 6 2 AC Power and Grounding oss seisto e Teh 6 5 Optional Battery Pack 1 2144 S Ep ee ades sce AGA con ee 6 7 Slow Charge ALLEE REESE UK E eI A 6 7 Fast iso seine dy aep a gud doa ee ate
12. _ gt NOTES 1 N IS THE CHANNEL NUMBER SELECTED AT THE PROMPT CHN X 2 MODE AND MDn X CONTROL THE CHOICE OF THE MAJOR MODE WHICH GOVERNS THE PARAMETER FOR ALARM MODE 0 3 DVM IN THE TEST ROUTINE HAS NO CHANNEL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER n 4 BYPASS AUTO CAL DEFAULTS TO O NO BYPASS AFTER EACH RETURN TO OPERATE 5 THE DISPLAY XXX 999 X IS AN ALPHANUMERIC VALUE THAT REPRESENTS THE SOFTWARE VERSION NUMBER INSTALLED IN THIS SYSTEM 2 6 THE ERROR OPTION NUMBERS FOR ERR X IN THE CONT ROUTINE ARE AS FOLLOWS OPTION RANGE ERRORS NUMBER DISPLAYED ALARMS AND RECORDERS 0 DEFAULT NO ACTION ON ERRORS NO ACTION ON ERRORS FOLLOW RANGE ERRORS FOLLOW RANGE ERRORS LOW ERROR SETS LOW AND HIGH ALARMS AND SETS RECORDERS TO MAXIMUM OPERATING MODE NUMBERS 1 DEW POINT 2 TEMPERATURE 6 RH 7 MH 3 PRESSURE 4 PPMW MOISTURE 8 SPECIAL 9 SPECIAL 5 PPMV MOISTURE User Programming 4 45 Chapter 5 Other Measurements Introduction eee eee 5 1 TemperaluF qc A aR 5 1 End En Ge asa ee Eb 5 2 Edo ee ee ee Rd 5 4 wie pie rex Soe ERES SEE ee a 5 6 HH ta roses ReGen ee GA RR ek 5 8 5 9 Z MMSGF Option aes sant 5 11 Mode 9 MMSCF in an Ideal Gas
13. 4 1 Accessing the User Program 4 1 How to Program the System 2 4 2 The PROG Subroutine 4 6 The TEST 5 4 14 The CONT Subroutine 4 16 Programming Examples 4 18 Fast Response 4 42 11 1 89 Introduction The Panametrics System 2 hygrometer is the most sophisticated off the shelf moisture measuring instrument on the market This high level of sophistication is accomplished without a complicated user interface by employing a microcomputer to control functions and instrument operating characteristics The front panel of the System 2 is therefore simple consisting of a power switch panel lock keypad and display As discussed in Chapter 1 a User Program controls the operating profile and calibration of the instrument by allowing you to enter system parameters These parameters are stored in battery powered random access memory so they are retained when system power is turned off This section gives you an overview of how to access and if necessary enter new system parameters through user programming Why User The user program lets you enter many of the System 2 operating Programming characteristics Some of the operating characteristics the user program allows you t
14. KEY IN 1 2 3 ENT CODE PROG CALIB ENT RUB SPANS TEST Mu CONT RUB KEY IN 6 LRU ENT RET CHN 6 ENT ENT INST PROG NO MODE ENT AUTO CAL MDn x RUB SYSTEM 2 KEY IN 5 ENT OPERATE MDN 5 ENT REC A RUB REC B RUB ALARM RUB KPPMV ENT KEY IN 1 000 ENT KVn X ENT DONE ENT Figure 4 9 Example E Entering KVn for PPM 4 30 User Programming 11 1 89 a Example F Making The selection of the probe setup ALL PROBES is useful if you are Probe Setup ALL exercising all of the measurement options as for example you would PROBES do if you were doing all of the examples in this section Probe setup was discussed earlier on page 4 10 In this example you will set up channel 6 with an ALL PROBES configuration Note Setting ALL PROBES enables all available modes but may cause total measurements to be more time consuming In the CALIB subroutine select the CHAN option and at the prompt CHn rub and enter 6 Proceed to the PROBE option and at the prompt PRn enter 7 The programming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on
15. 5 Conductive Particulates Y 3 tke EIER I A 6 Corrosive Particulates m oh t le Nata a Re EE AEG A 6 Aluminum Oxide Probe A 7 Corrosive Gases And Liquids A 9 Materials of Construction s renes m A 10 Calculations and Useful Formulas in Gas Applications 11 Nomenclature i sce cet pS Re ee ao A 11 Parts per Million by Volume 0 0 0 0 cece cece eee eee enna A 12 Parts per Million by Weight 0 0 III A 13 Relative Humidity iit eem elm e pep RU a ede Se Rees As A 13 Weight of Water per Unit Volume of Carrier A 13 Weight of Water per Unit Weight of Carrier A 14 Comparison of PPMV Calculations 00 cece eee eee eee A 21 Liquid Applications ites rb citing ticle iw Pee htt ao Dace bare A 22 Theory of Operation 2500 o Diner me 22 Moisture Content Measurement in Organic 4 A 22 Empirical Calibrations sce Ibi a ews eh IRR adhe A 28 Solids Appl Cations ss s s ea wages ea emg heeled went Abe A eae A 34 xiij Chapter 1 System 2 Basics and Options Features and Capabilities 1 1 System 2
16. CUTOUT FOR CABLES 077 Figure 6 4 System 2 Rear Panel To gain access to the power connections line fuse and input output terminations on card No 19 the rear of System 2 must be opened Figure 6 4 above shows a rear view of the System 2 The rear cover is hinged on the right The open area on the left is a cutout for the input output cables To open the rear cover remove the screws on the left hand side of the cover and swing the cover open Installation 6 5 11 1 89 AC Power and Grounding cont JUMPER 5 LINE VAC REQUIRED 220 240 VAC 100 120 VAC NEUTRAL Figure 6 5 Power Supply Connections for 100 120 220 Volts Figure 6 5 above illustrates the transformer board used on line mains powered units Connections and jumpers are shown for various voltages Note that the ground does not connect to the board but directly to the chassis marked inside rear cover CONNECTOR Figure 6 6 Connections for AC Adapter The AC adapter provided with optional battery operated units is connected as shown in Figure 1 15 Adapters are available in two versions 100 120 and 220 240 volts Each has a switch to choose either input voltage plus an off position Verify that the adapter is set for the appropriate line voltage before applying power see Figure 6 6 above Note The 220 240 VAC connection is designed for European voltages only and NOT for U S
17. GE Panametrics hygrometers are unaffected by the fluid flow rate The moisture probe is not a mass sensor but responds only to water vapor pressure The moisture probe will operate accurately under both static and dynamic fluid flow conditions In fact the specified maximum fluid linear velocity of 10 000 cm sec for The M Series Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensor indicates a mechanical stability limitation rather than a sensitivity to the fluid flow rate If the measured dew point of a system changes with the fluid flow rate then it can be assumed that off gassing or a leak in the sample system is causing the variation If secondary moisture is entering the process fluid either from an ambient air leak or the release of previously absorbed moisture from the sample system walls an increase in the flow rate of the process fluid will dilute the secondary moisture source As a result the vapor pressure will be lowered and a lower dew point will be measured Note Refer to the Specifications chapter in this manual for the maximum allowable flow rate for the instrument A 4 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Contaminants Non Conductive Particulates Industrial gases and liquids often contain fine particulate matter Particulates of the following types are commonly found in such process fluids carbon particles salts rust particles polymerized substances organic liquid droplets dust particle
18. Installation 6 19 11 1 89 Remote Control Switch SA401 on the No 4 DVM card also allows remote control of the System 2 via a terminal or computer equipped with the UART card option When switches SA401 1 and SA401 2 are activated ON the System 2 front panel keyboard is disabled and all System 2 front panel keyboard functions must be sent via a terminal or computer The System 2 front panel and remote displays are simultaneously updated Table 6 2 below shows the correspondence between a remote keyboard and the System 2 front panel keyboard functions Table 6 2 Remote Terminal Keys Corresponding Remote Terminal Keys System 1 02 OPER C M ENT RUB A not used B not used Numeric keys remain the same Serial Data Character The serial data character is composed of the following Format 1 start bit 8 data bits ASCII character 1 stop bit no parity 6 20 Installation 11 1 89 The Instrument Program The instrument program is the System 2 operating system and consists of a set of EPROM program modules Since these hardware devices contain the basic system operating software they are occasionally updated to incorporate improvements and changes consistent with our product development program It is sometimes necessary to know which version of the instrument program you have in your hygrometer You can find this out by reading the instrument program number This number
19. PH1 XXXmA THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE CORRESPONDING HIGH mA VALUE FOR EXAMPLE 20 mA ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE CORRECT VALUE ENT Eu ENT En RUB REC A ENT ARn XXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE PERCENTAGE OF RECORDER A FULL SCALE YOU WANT TEST ACCEPT THE PRESENT VALUE OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A NEW VALUE ENT ENT BRn XXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE PERCENTAGE OF RECORDER B FULL SCALE YOU WANT TEST ACCEPT TE PRESENT VALUE OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A NEW VALUE ENT ENT ALARM Le ENT RUB KLn X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE STATUS OF THE LOW ALARM X 0 OFF OR 1 ON ACCEPT THE PRESENT SETTING OR RUB AND REPLACE IT AS DESIRED ENT ENT KHn X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE STATUS OF THE HIGH ALARM 0 OFF OR 1 ACCEPT THE PRESENT SETTING OR RUB AND REPLACE IT AS DESIRED ENT aS fal RUB DVM ENT DVM X DONE ENT THIS DISPLAY SHOWS A VALUE 0 7 THAT REPRESENTS A TEST POINT ACCEPT THE PRESENT VALUE OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE DESIRED VALUE DVM XXXXX v AT THIS DISPLAY PRESS ENT DONE PANAMETRICS ENT ENT HRF XXXXX TH
20. 2 0 to 2 V 10K ohm minimum load resistance 3 0 to 20 mA 500 ohm maximum series resistance 4 4 to 20 mA 500 ohm maximum series resistance Resolution 0 5 RS 232 interface or 20 mA current loop Information is transmitted as ASCII characters at 150 300 1200 or 9600 Baud The transmitted format is application dependent Consult Panametrics Individual alarm relay contacts SPDT are optionally available for high and low limits on each channel The relay contacts can be set to trip at any numerical level within the range of the instrument Contact ratings are 2 Amps at 28 VDC or 28 VAC The microprocessor samples processes data and calculates values for each channel sequentially Update time is from 1 to 14 seconds per channel depending on configuration and mode 9 4 Specifications 11 1 89 Miscellaneous Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Memory Retention for User Program Data Applications in Flammable Atmospheres Dimensions and Weights Rack Mounting Bench Mounting Panel Mounting 0 C to 60 C 30 C to 70 C Back up battery retains program calibration data for approximately one year depends on memory configuration It is independent of AC power Probe and cable assemblies are certified to meet BASEEFA standards for electrical equipment in flammable atmospheres when used with external zener barriers consult Panametrics 19 W X 5 X 9 D approximately 14 Ibs 13 W X 5
21. 5 gt gt lt gt lt gt 4 o gt gt 4 MH SPEC CONT A B 9 P o o lt e 4 Figure 1 2 Bench Mount Package System 2 Basics and Options 1 3 11 1 89 System 2 Packages cont Jory Pp P lt gt lt gt gt lt lt PPMWPPMW RH gt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt 4 SPECICONT CL lt gt lt gt lt gt lt cogon Figure 1 3 Panel Mount Package System 2 Basics and Options 11 1 89 What You Need to Operate a System 2 Hygrometer To make dew frost point temperature measurements with a System 2 hygrometer you need a Panametrics M Series moisture probe with probe cable and a System 2 hygrometer with moisture probe calibration data entered for that probe see Figure 1 4 New or factory repaired System 2 hygrometers are always shipped with probe calibration data entered and are ready to operate with the probes supplied For ambient temperature measurements you need an optional MT Series moisture probe This is an M Type moisture probe with a thermistor mounted in close proximity to the moisture sensing element Pressure measurements can be made by interfacing the System 2 with any standard 4 20 mA pressure transmitter Panametrics optionally supplies the type P40 pressure transmitter for standard applications and the type P40X explosion proof transmitter for use in hazardous
22. Conductive Particulates Corrosive Particulates Note Metallic particles carbon particles and conductive liquid droplets are typical of this category Since the hygrometer reading is inversely proportional to the impedance of the sensor a decrease in sensor impedance will cause an increase in the meter reading Thus trapped conductive particles across the sensor leads or on the sensor surface which will decrease the sensor impedance will cause an erroneously high dew point reading The most common particulates of this type are carbon from furnaces iron scale from pipe walls and glycol droplets from glycol based dehydrators If the system contains conductive particulates it is advisable to install a Teflon or stainless steel filter in the fluid stream Note Sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide particulates are typical of this category Since the active sensor element is constructed of aluminum any material that corrodes aluminum will deleteriously affect the operation of the moisture probe Furthermore a combination of this type of particulate with water will cause pitting or severe corrosion of the sensor element In such instances the sensor cannot be cleaned or repaired and the probe must be replaced Obviously the standard moisture probe can not be used in such applications unless the complete removal of such part by adequate filtration is assured A 6 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E
23. DONE ENT OPERATE Figure 4 14 Example J Setting Pressure to a Constant 4 40 User Programming 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY KEY IN 1 2 8 En od CODE PROG 4 CALIB ENT CHAN 0 MODE ENT ENT FAST ENT RUB FAn X RUB AND ENTER X 0 TO DISABLE FAST OPTION X 1 TO ENABLE FAST OPTION ENT ENT REC A RUB REC B RUB ALARM RUB CS NOTE CS DISPLAYS ONLY IF MODE 4 PPMw WAS SELECTE THE MAJOR MODE RUB KPPMV NOTE KPPMV DISPLAYS ONLY IF MODE 5 PPMv WAS SELECTED AS THE MAJOR MODE RUB DONE ENT Figure 4 15 Modification to Standard Instrument Program Flow Diagram for Hygrometers with the Fast Response Option User Programming 4 41 11 1 89 Fast Response Option Mode 9 Fast Response Dew Point If your System 2 is equipped with the fast response option it will display SYS2 FAST 00X L where X is a revision level and L is a revision letter when you first power
24. Operating Base Mode lt PROG gt CODE Enter key sequence 1 2 3 repeat RUB CALIB TEST CONT RET ENT ENT ENT ENT PROG CALIB TEST CONT subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine ENT exit Figure 4 3 User Programming Flow Diagram Top Level Program setup and calibration prompts are of the form Pn X where of a setup or calibration parameter n channel e X current value To change the current value you must rub erase the present value by pressing RUB Then key in a new value from the keypad followed by ENT ENT press ENT twice If you choose NOT to change the value DO NOT press lt RUB gt Simply press lt ENT gt lt ENT gt when you see that the present value is correct If you change by pressing lt RUB gt key a correct value by mistake simply re enter it User Programming 4 5 11 1 89 How to Program the System 2 cont The PROG Subroutine CHAN A system reset is automatically performed when you exit programming mode and return to normal operation UNLESS YOU CHOOSE TO BYPASS THE RE START the bypass BYP option is available in the CONT subroutine
25. If you decide to return your equipment for factory service note that Panametrics does not require a Return Merchandise Authorization RMA number However to avoid unnecessary delays be sure to call the appropriate applications engineering or service department and alert them of your intentions and be sure to use the Service Information Form at the back of this section Make a copy of this form and include it with your return shipment Hygrometer Service Use the form at the back of this manual when you return your Form hygrometer for service This will help us expedite your service order Make copies of this form for future use If you need additional forms write to Panametrics Inc 221 Crescent Street Waltham MA 02453 Attn Technical Publications Department and request Hygro Service Form 916 012 The requested number of forms will be mailed to you at no charge Viii 11 1 89 Table of Contents Chapter 1 System 2 Basics and Options Features and Capabilities ID EE Baa ee IURE EE 1 1 System 2 Packages usse Ime eRe nep os A ED dU Baal erue os Rod SA EROR 1 2 What You Need to Operate a System 2 1 5 System 2 Options nue iP bei etr guste nba EU esa EE COR S deeds 1 6 Battery Pack Option dee nipt Sa 1 6 Carrying Case Options ve ple le aep rx En Eee Me mee bea tee 1 6 Chapter 2 Getting S
26. MIT and M2T and are the same as the M1 and M2 respectively except for the additional temperature sensor Use with standard Panametrics Moisture Probe Cable A5N4 PRESSURE SENSOR OPTIONAL TB1902 5 Current in 6 Current out gt Use any standard 2 wire pressure transmitter 20 mA current loop Twisted pair wiring is satisfactory for runs of up to several thousand feet depending on noise conditions and type of wire Summary of Connections 7 3 11 1 89 Outputs ANALOG RECORDER TB1902 1 REC A 2 0 3 REC B Optional One standard analog recorder output REC A is shipped with the System 2 A second analog recorder REC B is optional OPTIONAL ALARMS TB1903 1 NC 2 ARM HIGH ALARM 3 NO Alarm 1 4 NC 5 ARM LOW ALARM 6 NO Alarm 2 One or two optional alarm relays may be ordered for each channel Alarm 1 the LOW ALARM will activate when the channel variable it is set to monitor goes below a programmed value Alarm 2 the HIGH ALARM RELAY will activate when the channel variable it is set to monitor goes above a programmed value Normally closed NC and normally open NO contacts are provided with both relays 7 4 Summary of Connections Chapter 8 Reconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer Introduction sc Petia sd ha wah OO Switch Selectable Options
27. You will see CHT XXXXX HRS on the display For now ignore this display and press ENT again The next prompt you will see is FCH X A 1 entered for X starts the fast charge cycle The cycle will run for 8 hours with the time remaining to full charge displayed after the CHT prompt Whenever the BATT query mode is entered the FCH X prompt will be at zero this does not mean that fast charging has stopped ascertain whether the unit is in fast charge check the prompt Note Do not habitually place the unit in fast charge mode unless you are certain the batteries are nearly depleted Constant fast charging of Ni Cad batteries produces an overall shortening of storage potential Fuses are located on the battery card for protection of the instrument These are 2 amp pico fuses and should only be replaced by a qualified technician as removal of the card requires soldering Installation 6 7 11 1 89 Moisture Temperature Probe Considerations Environmental Precautions The probe consists of an aluminum oxide sensor mounted on the connector head and covered by a protective stainless steel casing The materials of construction used in the probe sensor and housing have been selected to maximize durability and to insure a minimum of water absorbing surfaces in the vicinity of the aluminum oxide surface A 100 micron porosity sintered stainless steel endcap is used to protect the sensor from high flow ra
28. however you can do a rapid step through without changing anything by pressing lt RUB gt at each prompt The CALIB subroutine contains the following selections CHAN PROBE AUT R DEW PT TEMP PRESS DONE Note fyou press ENT by mistake you will be prompted to make changes to the user program as explained below To avoid making changes if this happens continue to press ENT until you get back to one of the prompts on the list At the prompt CHAN you can check or change the channel number to be calibrated by pressing ENT see Chapter 1 The display changes to CHNzn where n is a number from 1 to 6 that represents the current channel number You can accept the current channel value by pressing lt ENT gt lt ENT gt To change the value press lt RUB gt followed by the new channel number followed by lt ENT gt lt ENT gt The PROBE prompt allows you to choose which probes including pressure transmitters the hygrometer will use You may select one probe or you may select a combination of probes as shown in Table 4 3 At the prompt PRn X enter one of the following numbers for X see Table 4 3 Table 4 3 Probe Setup Options Moisture Temperature Moisture and Temperature Pressure Moisture and Pressure Temperature and Pressure Moisture Temperature and Pressure User Programming 11 1 89 PROBE cont The probe setup opti
29. measured moisture content of 1000 PPM and a system pressure of 0 52 atm Solution In Figure A 1 on page A 20 connect 1000 PPM on the Moisture Content scale with 0 52 atm on the Pressure scale Read the expected frost point of 27 C on the Dew Frost Point scale Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Parts per Million by Weight Relative Humidity Weight of Water per Unit Volume of Carrier Gas The water concentration in the gas phase of a system in parts per million by weight can be calculated directly from the PPMy and the ratio of the molecular weight of water to that of the carrier gas as follows My PEM pS YX 0 2 Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the actual water vapor pressure to the saturation water vapor pressure at the prevailing ambient temperature expressed as a percentage RH x 100 0 3 Ps 1 Find the relative humidity in a system if the measured dew point is and the ambient temperature is 20 C Solution From Table A 1 on page A 20 the water vapor pressure at a dew point of 0 C is 4 579 mm of Hg and the saturation water vapor pressure at an ambient temperature of 20 C is 17 535 mm of Hg Therefore the relative humidity of the system is 100 x 4 579 17 535 26 1 Three units of measure are commonly used in the gas industry to express the weight of water per unit volume of carrier gas They all represent a vapor density and are deriva
30. or add a known amount of water i e 10 PPMy to the dry sample Measure the dew point of the known test sample with the GE Panametrics hygrometer For purposes of this example assume the measured dew point to be 10 C Using a straightedge on the nomograph in Figure A 2 on page A 32 connect the known 10 PPMy moisture content with the measured dew point of 10 C and read a K value of 5 1 on the center scale Using the straightedge connect the above K value of 5 1 with the measured 10 C dew point of the original liquid and read the actual moisture content of 47 PPM y on the left scale A 26 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Special Case cont Note The saturation value at 50 C for this liquid could also have been determined by connecting the K value of 5 1 with the ambient temperature of 50 C and reading a value of 475 PPMy on the right scale For many applications a knowledge of the absolute moisture content of the liquid is not required Either the dew point of the liquid or its percent saturation is the only value needed For such applications the saturation value for the liquid need not be known The GE Panametrics hygrometer can be used directly to determine the dew point and then the percent saturation can be calculated from the vapor pressures of water at the measured dew point and at the ambient temperature of the liquid P Saturatio
31. 110 C the MH for this probe is 0 2632 ND 0 The next calibration point shown is at 100 C for which the MH given is 0 2703 ND 1 By interpolation we derive the local slope of the calibration curve to be 100 110 _ 10 1408 C MH unit MH MHo 0 2632 0 2703 0 0071 Likewise in the vicinity of 10 C we have TEMP TEMP 1 12_ cer IU oe Lol iS Cnt MH 4 MH 0 9010 0 6559 0 2451 13 12 If a particular cable introduced 0 0040 MH of error as indicated by the open cable test described above then on the low end of the operating range 110 to 100 C the error would be 0 004 x 1408 5 6 C while on the high end of the operating range 10 to 20 C the error would be 0 004 x 41 0 160 C By calculations such as this you can decide whether or not cable error is tolerable for your application Note t is possible to zero out the cable error by re adjusting the probe calibration LOW REFERENCE on that channel You can find more information on this topic in Appendix B Installation 6 13 11 1 89 Intrinsic Safety WARNING FACTORY CONSULTATION IS ADVISED WHEN INTRINSIC SAFETY IS REQUIRED To provide intrinsic safety protection circuits for the moisture temperature and pressure transducers and their associated cabling zener barriers must be used The appropriate zener barriers are mounted in an enclosed assembly Each wire running from
32. A voltages The power supply is only fused on the hot wire and not on the neutral 220 240 VAC for U S A applications is derived from two wires both of which are 120 VAC with respect to a neutral or common For 220 240 VAC 50 60 Hz U S A consult the factory 6 6 Installation 11 1 89 Optional Battery Pack Slow Charge Fast Charge The System 2 can also be powered with an optional battery pack which is located inside the rear cover of the instrument see Figure 6 7 below When fully charged it provides over eight hours of continous operation Please note alarms are not available with the battery pack option The System 2 batteries can be charged using either a slow charge or a fast charge Both methods are described in the following sections Optional Battery Pack Figure 6 7 Location of Optional Battery Pack With the System 2 plugged into a power source and the appropriate setting selected on the adapter 100 VAC OR 120 VAC a slow charge is applied to the batteries This slow charge will serve to keep the batteries at full charge during idle periods You can also fast charge the batteries full charge cycle runs 8 hours The fast charge option is set in the User Program see Chapter 4 in the CONT subroutine With the System 2 plugged into a power source and the appropriate setting selected on the adapter 100 VAC OR 120 VAC enter the CONT subroutine and at the prompt BATT press ENT
33. KEY IN 1 MDN 1 ENT REC A RUB REC B RUB ALARM Figure 4 4 Example A Setting the Major Mode 4 20 User Programming 11 1 89 Example B 1 Setting Analog Output Zero and Span In this example we will set the analog recorder output zero to 110 and span to 20 C dew point Note Jfa 0 to 2 Volt recorder is used the recorder will show a OV output when the dew point is 110 C and gives 2V reading when the dew point reaches 20 C Zero and span are set in the PROG subroutine see page 4 6 at the option REC A and REC B for optional output B As in all of our examples we first select CHN 6 Next we select the REC A option and at the prompt AM6 X press lt gt to erase the current value and enter a 1 for moisture Then at the AL6 press lt RUB gt to erase the current value and enter 110 At the next prompt AH6 press lt RUB gt to erase the present value and enter 20 The programming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in the flow diagram The new parameters will take effect as soon as you return to the operate mode User Programming 4 21 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM
34. alarms and sets recorders to maximum Operation 3 7 11 1 89 Range Errors cont Error Processing Options When a function cannot be calculated because of an out of range condition in a related function to which it is inversely proportional the recorder and alarm conditions are reversed For example PPM is inversely proportional to pressure If pressure is above range when displaying PPM the display would be 1 31 If the recorders and alarms are programmed for PPM and error option 2 is selected the recorders would fall to the minimum value and the low alarm would be set The alarm unaffected by error processing will function as usual Range errors are not detected for mode 7 MH This function is always displayed The lower and upper range limits for each of the standard functions are determined as shown in Table 3 4 below Table 3 4 Range Error Limits lowest and highest programmed MH values 30 C and 70 C lowest and highest programmed current mA values 0 0010 and 99999 0 0010 and 99999 0 0010 and 100 The options are selected in the CONT programming mode see Chapter 4 Press ENT in response to the ERROR prompt ERRZX will be displayed where X is the option number selected in the usual manner 3 8 Operation Chapter 4 User Programming Introduction eee eee 4 1 Why User Programming
35. and Low Reference Values B 1 Indication of Problem 2 Recorded Reference Values B 2 Calibration Procedure B 3 11 1 89 Calibrating High and Caution Low Reference Values Contact Panametrics before beginning this procedure Since the reference values for the System 2 are stored in RAM they may be lost during shipment Therefore the ability to display and or change the high and low reference values has been added to the CONT section of the User Program see Chapter 4 A discharged RAM battery will also cause the RAM memory to lose its contents RAM battery is on the No 14 card High and low reference values are now recorded on the No 8 calibrator card label These recorded values provide the standard you use to check against the displayed high and low reference values No 8 Calibrator Card 6 1 2 5 4 5 8 7 14 10 IF MEMI MEM2 DVM UART RC HYGRO REG PWR SPLY Figure B 1 Locating the No 8 Calibrator Card The procedure for calibrating high and low reference values is included on instruments that have software version 003 B or above and a No 8 calibrator card see Figure B 1 above The calibration procedure can be used to 1 replace missing data 2 correct erroneous data or 3 adjust low reference values to compensate for environmental
36. areas You can also measure parts per million moisture by volume PPM in gases parts per million moisture by weight PPM in liquids and relative humidity These calculated parameters are derived from the moisture reading and temperature or pressure readings The System 2 microprocessor is programmed to calculate the derived parameters Formulas showing how these parameters are calculated can be found in Chapter 5 which also provides examples for each type of measurement PANAMETRICS RECORDER COMPUTER PROBE GABLE f Moisture and or PRESSURE PROBE Temperature and Pressure Parameters MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE PROBE To Moisture and Temperature DISPLAY SYSTEM 2 HYGROMETER MEASURING CIRCUIT probe s To pressure probe Process Figure 1 4 Typical System 2 Process Measuring System System 2 Basics and Options 1 5 11 1 89 System 2 Options Battery Pack Option Carrying Case Option The System 2 can be equipped with an optional rechargeable battery pack When fully charged the battery pack supplies eight hours of continuous power For your convenience the battery can be charged using two speeds trickle or fast A trickle charge is used to keep batteries at a full charge during idle periods A fast charge is applied when batteries are depleted while the System 2 is in operation See Chapter 6 for more information on the optional battery pack Panametrics offers
37. dew point of 3 C and read the correct moisture content of 29 PPM where the straightedge crosses the moisture content scale Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 25 2003 B Special Case cont Note f the saturation concentration at the desired ambient temperature can not be found for any of these special case hydrocarbons the value at any other temperature may be used because K is constant over a large temperature range 3 Find the moisture content in hexane at an ambient temperature of 10 C if a dew point of 0 is measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer a From the literature it is found that for hexane at a temperature of 20 C is 101 PPM y Using a straightedge on Figure A 2 on page A 32 connect the 101 PPMy saturation concentration with the 20 C ambient temperature and read the Henry s Law Constant of 5 75 on the center scale Using the straightedge connect the above K value of 5 75 with the measured dew point of 0 C and read the correct moisture content of 26 PPM where the straightedge crosses the moisture content scale 4 Find the moisture content in an unknown organic liquid at an ambient temperature of 50 C if a dew point of 10 C is measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer a Either perform a Karl Fischer analysis on a sample of the liquid or obtain a dry sample of the liquid Either use the PPMw determined by the Karl Fischer analysis
38. down fluctuations of moisture content may cause measurement errors in the Fast Response mode This mode uses the extrapolated dew point determined in Mode 8 to calculate PPM While the system is performing preliminary calculations Mode 5 PPM is displayed in Mode 9 with the equal sign replaced by the asterisk Figure 4 174 When the extrapolated PPMv has been determined it is displayed with the asterisk replaced by the equal sign Figure 4 17B The other operational considerations for Mode 8 also apply to Mode 9 The KPPM multiplier applies to both modes 5 and 9 The mode 9 range errors 0 0010 PPM and 99999 PPM Preliminary Extrapolated Value FD1 2000 FD1 30 A B Figure 4 17 Fast PPM Display User Programming 4 43 11 1 89 Notes on Hardware Changes See Figure 4 8 below 1 System 2 hygrometers ordered with the Fast Response option utilize a 3 EPROM instrument program instead of two EPROMs The additional third EPROM plugs into XU303 as shown in Figure 4 8 below Note The instrument program is discussed further in Chapter 6 2 An additional 3rd RAM chip is also required U307 The third RAM chip plugs into socket XU307 as shown in Figure 4 18 below STANDARD INSTRUMENT PROGRAM EPROMS ADDITIONAL INSTRUMENT PROGRAM EPROM ADDITIONAL RAM CHIP Figure 4 18 Memory Card No 24 Showing Additional IC Needed for Fast Response Option 4 44 User Programming
39. e o 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 TEMPERATURE T C 8g B B MOISTURE CONTENT PPMw HENRY S LAW CONSTANT K N 8 8 8 8 oo a 3 T 8 s SATURATION VALUE TEMPERATURE T PPMw DEW FROST POINT AT TEMPERATURE T C gt A a e o N o a Libra ua du ud a E Figure A 2 Moisture Content Nomograph for Liquids 32 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Stainless Steel Tubing soft soldered to cover 3 4 26 THD Female soft soldered to cover M2 Probe Rubber Septum Exhaust Soft Solder Metal Cover with Teflon Washer Glass Bottle Magnetic Stirrer Bar Magnetic Stirrer Figure A 3 Moisture Content Test Apparatus Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 33 2003 Solids Applications A In Line Measurements GE Panametrics moisture probes may be installed in line to continuously monitor the drying process of a solid Install one sensor at the process system inlet to monitor the moisture content of the drying gas and install a second sensor at the process system outlet to monitor the moisture content of the discharged gas When the two sensors read the same or close to the same dew point the drying process is complete For example a system of this type has been used successfully to monitor the drying of photographic film If one wishes to measure the absolute moistu
40. in the distilled water for ten 10 minutes Be sure to avoid contact with the bottom and the walls of the container 4 Remove the sensor from the distilled water and soak it in the clean container of hexane or toluene for ten 10 minutes Again avoid all contact with the bottom and the walls of the container 5 Remove the sensor from the hexane or toluene and place it face up in a low temperature oven set at 50 2 122 F 4 F for 24 hours Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 7 2003 Aluminum Oxide Probe Maintenance cont 6 Repeat steps 3 5 for the protective shield During this process swirl the shield in the solvents to ensure the removal of any contaminants that may have become embedded in the porous walls of the shield Carefully replace probe s protective shield making sure not to touch the sensor Connect the probe cable to the probe and record the dew point of the ambient air as in step 1 Compare the two recorded dew point readings to determine if the reading after cleaning is a more accurate value for the dew point of the ambient atmosphere If the sensor is in proper calibration 2 C accuracy reinstall the probe in the sample cell and proceed with normal operation of the hygrometer 10 If the sensor is not in proper calibration repeat steps 1 9 using time intervals 5 times those used in the previous cleaning cycle Repeat this procedure until the sensor
41. moisture Precautions cont probe in a bypass loop with minimal internal volume and surface area Also the probe can easily be removed from the sample system for inspection and cleaning Panametrics can supply sample systems for most applications For more information contact our nearest office or your Panametrics representative Figure 6 9 Typical Sample Cell Showing Probe Mounting Installation 6 11 11 1 89 Moisture Cable Caution Considerations An incorrect cable will invalidate the instrument accuracy specifications THE IMPORTANCE OF CORRECT CABLING CANNOT BE OVEREMPHASIZED In Chapter 2 we noted that Panametrics cannot guarantee operation to the specified accuracy of the hygrometer unless you use Panametrics supplied hygrometer cables Our experience has shown that many customers must use pre existing cables or in some cases modify the standard Panametrics cable to meet special needs One common modification is to remove the connector and to splice the cable When possible instead of splicing coil the excess Panametrics cable If you prefer to use your own cables or to modify our cables you must observe the following precautions 1 Use the same cable or a cable that matches the electrical characteristics of Panametrics cable contact the factory in Waltham for specific information on cable characteristics The cable must have individually shielded wire sets 2 If possible avoid all splices Splices wi
42. on a channel for which a calibration error has occurred the display will show MPn CAL ERR where MP equals the measurement parameter selected for that channel and n equals the channel number For example if channel 1 was set for Dew Point but failed to pass calibration the display will show DP1 CAL ERR Note that if no measurement parameter has been programmed for that channel the display will then show NO DATA You can also set the sense high or low of the recorder outputs upon detection of a calibration error You can do this in the User Program using the CONT subroutine at the prompt The default output sense for RECER is high If this is acceptable enter RUB and you will go to the next prompt If you wish to change the sense press ENT and you will see the sub prompt RERZX where X is 0 or 1 If you select X 0 the recorder output s will go low on a cal error If you select X 1 the recorder output s will go high on a cal error For more information about this feature see Chapter 4 User Programming and also review the section on 3 6 Operation 11 1 89 Range Errors Range error detection is provided because calculated values that are outside of the accepted range cannot be determined Range errors occur only during normal system operation and may be optionally detected and displayed They may force the alarms and recorders high or low in accordanc
43. recorded zero reference value 0 0003 then subtract this difference from the low reference value Note the final corrected low reference value and record it Reprogram the hygrometer with the new corrected low reference value if required Verify that the probe cable is not connected to the probe Return the unit to normal operating mode Note the zero reference readings and verify that the readings are now within 0 0003 MH Fill out a new calibrator card No 8 label with the final low reference value HIGH REF ORIGINAL RECORDED VALUE LOW REF NEW CORRECTED VALUE ZERO REF ORIGINAL RECORDED VALUE Note This procedure may be used to nullify any error introduced by non standard cables as described in Chapter 6 Reference Calibration B 3 GE Panametrics WORLDWIDE OFFICES MAIN OFFICES GE PANAMETRICS INTERNATIONAL OFFICES USA Australia Japan GE Panametrics P O Box 234 2F Sumitomo Bldg 221 Crescent St Suite 1 Gymea N S W 2227 5 41 10 Koishikawa Bunkyo Ku Waltham MA 02453 3497 Australia Tokyo 112 0002 USA Telephone 781 899 2719 Toll Free 800 833 9438 Fax 781 894 8582 E mail panametrics ps ge com Web www gepower com panametrics ISO 9001 Certified Ireland GE Panametrics Shannon Industrial Estate Shannon Co Clare Ireland Telephone 353 61 470200 Fax 353 61 471359 E mail info panametrics ie ISO 9002 Certified July 2003 Telephone 61 02 952
44. select the CHAN option and at the prompt CHn press lt RUB gt and enter 6 Proceed to the DEWPT option and at the PH6 XXXXXX prompt enter the probe serial number from the calibration data sheet in this case we are using the example data sheet in Figure 2 7 as our source Next tell the System 2 how many calibration points there are ND6 14 Then enter each point as it appears on the calibration sheet DOO 110 C from data sheet Continue until all data points are entered M13 20 C D13 ZZZZ from data sheet The programming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in the flow diagram The new parameters will take effect as soon as you return to the operating mode Caution You cannot damage the hygrometer by changing the user program however changing values will affect the hygrometer operating characteristics Before you change any previously programmed parameters we recommend you make a note of the original value or values Re enter the previously programmed parameters after you have completed the examples User Programming 4 35 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY KEY IN 1 2 3 ENT ___ _ CODE M PROG CALIB RUB E ENT CHAN 001 XX X C ENT enter the second data point CHN X ENT RUB continue entering KEY IN 6 data until y
45. value press lt RUB gt followed by the new channel number followed by lt gt lt gt 4 6 User Programming 11 1 89 MODE REC A ALARM The prompt MODE sometimes referred to as the Major Mode is the parameter that the System 2 will display Note that this can be any one of seven standard and two special measurement modes as indicated in Table 4 1 below Table 4 1 Mode Selections 1 Dew Frost Point Temperature 2 Temperature 7 MH 3 Pressure 8 Special optional 4 PPMw 9 Special optional 5 PPMv To select a particular mode enter the item number which corresponds to that item at the prompt Note that when you choose a Major Mode for one parameter you may still set the analog output discussed below to any other modes An example of how to set the Mode can be found in Figure 4 4 on page 4 20 At the prompt REC A you can check or change the Operating Mode selected for Recorder A analog output and check or change its operating range see Table 4 1 above for mode selections Every time a new calculation is made for the Operating Mode selected for Recorder A the output will be updated with this value Once you have chosen the desired operating mode the display changes to ALn XXXXX represents the present channel selected which is the first prompt for checking or changing the present 096 of full scale value for Recorder A output The display th
46. 1 min You set the value of K at the prompt KVn XXXXX If you do not set this value it defaults to 1 000 A typical example for the use of K other than 1 000 is in the Ideal Gas Law calculation of Pounds of Water per Million Standard Cubic Feet If the value of K is set to 0 0474 then the value displayed for PVn will be Pounds of Water per Million Standard Cubic Feet on an IDEAL GAS basis Note The optional MMSCF program does not calculate the value on an ideal gas basis Rather it uses empirical data that was developed by the natural gas industry The final prompt in the PROG subroutine is DONE If you wish to review your entries or make any changes press lt RUB gt and you will be back to the first prompt in PROG which is CHAN If you do not need to go back and check your entries or make any changes press lt ENT gt and you will be asked if you wish to enter the next subroutine CALIB You can find examples of setting up each PROG subroutine selection option in the List of Programming Examples starting on page 4 18 User Programming 4 9 11 1 89 The CALIB Subroutine CHAN PROBE In CALIB you can examine and if necessary modify specific probe calibration data for moisture temperature and pressure probes A prompt is also included to permit the selection or disabling of the auto range feature Once you enter the CALIB subroutine you must step through the entire menu
47. 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY 1 2 3 ENT CALIB ENT RET ENT IF BYP 1 4 XXX XX X TEST ENT RU CHAN ENT CHN X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE PRESENTLY SELECTED CHANNEL NUMBER 1 6 ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT CHANNEL NUMBER RUB HLREF ENT TEMP ENT CHAN ENT CHN X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE CHANNEL NUMBER PRESENTLY SELECTED 1 6 ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND ENTER A DIFFERENT CHANNEL NUMBER ALARM ENT CHAN ENT RUB RUB RUB RUB m RUB LRF XXXXX AUTO CAL THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE LOW REFERENCE VALUE FROM THE DATA SHEET ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE CORRECT LOW REFERENCE VALUE SUPPLIED BY KTn X CHN X JLn X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE PRESENT CHANNEL NUMBER SELECTED 1 6 ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A THIS DISPLAY INDICATES HOW THIS CHAN NEL RECEIVES TEMPERATURE INPUT X 0 VIA THE PROBE OR X 1 A U
48. 11 1 89 EEE Process Control Instruments System 2 Hygrometer User s Manual 910 076A r PANAMETRICS 11 1 89 About Panametrics During its 29 years specializing in the manufacture of non destructive testing NDT equipment and process control instrumentation Panametrics Inc has earned a reputation for unusual customer oriented person to person service We at Panametrics take great pride in continuing our reputation for personalized customer support and service Panametrics is easy to reach for assistance In addition to our headquarters in Waltham Massachusetts the telephone telex and fax numbers of our worldwide offices and agencies are listed at the end of this manual Our Waltham Massachusetts location is staffed with technical specialists such as engineers chemists physicists with whom you may communicate your technical needs in the language of your field applications Our satellite companies around the world also have technical specialists competent in the support of all our product lines We offer a wide range of customized service support including applications engineering sample system design and fabrication special case installation assistance and the on site or factory repair of any Panametrics product In the event you need assistance beyond the scope of this manual telephone your nearest Panametrics office for immediate assistance or telephone our headquarters for additional information
49. 15 The CONT Subroutine ovn is SI d hene Iure tu eene ER E nee hm ae 4 16 SHEREBE odeur tu Aiuti Noti ede 4 16 ondes reto decer RR e te er RH ADR DV etiani 4 16 Pe sonitu ta ens wee VEM VERE eee See qe 4 16 EE 4 17 ss ene enc nee e ROO He e te et s wee estos tatu 4 17 E er EI hs 4 17 Programming Examples 0 0 0 cece cece ene 4 18 List of Programming eee cece e 4 18 Example A Setting the Major Mode to Dew Frost Point Temperature 4 19 Example B 1 Setting Analog Output Zero and 4 21 Example B 2 Setting Analog Output to 4 20 4 23 Example C Setting the Alarm Trip Points 0 cece eee eee eee eee 4 25 Example D Entering Cs Values for PPMw 4 27 Example E Entering KVn for PPMv 20 eee eee eee 4 29 Example Making Probe Setup ALL PROBES 4 31 Example G Enabling Auto ranging see 4 33 Example H Entering Dew Frost Point Temperature Probe Calibration Data 4 35 Example I Setting Temperature to a 4 37 11 1 89 HEEL Table of Contents cont Example J Setting Pressure to a
50. 2003 Aluminum Oxide Probe Maintenance Other than periodic calibration checks little or no routine moisture probe maintenance is required However as discussed in the previous section any electrically conductive contaminant trapped on the aluminum oxide sensor will cause inaccurate moisture measurements If such a situation develops return of the moisture probe to the factory for analysis and recalibration is recommended However in an emergency cleaning of the moisture probe in accordance with the following procedure may be attempted by a qualified technician or chemist IMPORTANT Moisture probes must be handled carefully and cannot be cleaned in any fluid which will attack its components The probe s materials of construction are Al nichrome gold stainless steel glass and Viton A Also the sensor s aluminum sheet is very fragile and can be easily bent or distorted Do not permit anything to touch it The following items will be needed to properly complete the moisture probe cleaning procedure approximately 300 ml of reagent grade hexane or toluene approximately 300 ml of distilled not deionized water two glass containers to hold above liquids metal containers should not be used To clean the moisture probe complete the following steps 1 Record the dew point of the ambient air 2 Making sure not to touch the sensor carefully remove the protective shield from the sensor 3 Soak the sensor
51. 233 70 235 70 237 70 239 70 241 80 71 243 90 246 00 248 20 250 30 252 40 72 254 60 256 80 259 00 261 20 263 40 73 265 70 268 00 270 20 272 60 274 80 74 277 20 279 40 281 80 284 20 286 60 75 289 10 291 50 294 00 296 40 298 80 76 301 40 303 80 306 40 308 90 311 40 77 314 10 316 60 319 20 322 00 324 60 78 327 30 330 00 332 80 335 60 338 20 79 341 00 343 80 346 60 349 40 352 20 80 355 10 358 00 361 00 363 80 366 80 81 369 70 372 60 375 60 378 80 381 80 82 384 90 388 00 391 20 394 40 397 40 83 400 60 403 80 407 00 410 20 413 60 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 EE Table A 1 Vapor Pressure of Water Continued Aqueous Vapor Pressure Over Water cont Temp C 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 84 416 80 420 20 423 60 426 80 430 20 85 433 60 437 00 440 40 444 00 447 50 86 450 90 454 40 458 00 461 60 465 20 87 468 70 472 40 476 00 479 80 483 40 88 487 10 491 00 494 70 498 50 502 20 89 506 10 510 00 513 90 517 80 521 80 90 525 76 529 77 533 80 537 86 541 95 91 546 05 550 18 554 35 558 53 562 75 92 566 99 571 26 575 55 579 87 584 22 93 588 60 593 00 597 43 601 89 606 38 94 610 90 615 44 620 01 624 61 629 24 95 633 90 638 59 643 30 648 05 652 82 96 657 62 662 45 667 31 672 20 677 12 97 682 07 687 04 692 05 697 10 702 17 98 707 27 712 40 717 56 722 75 727 98 99 733 24 738 53 743 85 749 20 754 58 100 760 00 765 45 710 93 776 44 782 00 101 787 57 793 18 798 82 804 50 810 21 18 Application the Hyg
52. 4 2 The PROG Subroutine dae uus a VE Rehd 4 6 CHAIN iste itte Oreste bape etek rre eere e Pc e nete 4 6 MODE s v eee 4 7 REGA I at kd eaten wae p Ne Ade e Ee tare en edil 4 7 ALARM iii ent Lote e hyenas RE E HR OPEM NP UITIUM 4 7 gia id bia tient DOE CIR ONERE a oos ate x eis pa es at abate 4 8 une Ph oid LORS REL eR bh OR nae nA SENE RETO RT 4 9 DONE 2a cin ette nbus bb eee Pede at ele de abad enue 4 9 The GALIB Subroutines cas sien besa eee hoes Baki GAM 4 10 CHANT Eh e ee eee eee ree ae 4 10 PROBE 5 gc oof el oy ea ead Seg eg Se USE UNT 4 10 is ite ath ane eget oi lt e E at ARS 4 11 cedet Et Ut ep UU ee 4 12 TEMP C Mest ea eb aco n ra ess epe EN RU ep a e e 4 12 PRESS 7 zoe etes trm E RI EM Ere t RR RIEN 4 12 DONE HE 4 13 The TEST Subroutines bere nd pun 4 14 CHAN te eer ede ee d ede etes edes n enc Pr 4 14 RE PELEAS REPRE PELA SPE bs 4 14 ALARM te ited deeds 4 15 5s tetro aes eu en Dieta met te e tU 4 15 DONE osse socer emere dU leg ao Ne RO Ra UE DR UR RU VES e Eas E 4
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54. 7 11 1 89 System Reset Switch A momentary action system reset switch can be found on the No 8 card as shown in Figure 8 7 below Reset Switch 1 2 3 4 5 8 14 10 MEM1 MEM2 DVM UART RC HYGRO REG PWR SPLY Figure 8 7 Locating the System Reset Switch Door Open Use the reset switch any time you wish to re initialize the System 2 Note When you activate this switch the System 2 will re initialize and begin operation exactly as it would if power had just been turned on 8 8 Reconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer Chapter 9 Specifications Overall Specifications Probe Specifications 11 1 89 Overall Specifications General Microprocessor based single channel aluminum oxide absolute humidity hygrometer system capable of storing up to six sets of moisture probe calibration data Power 100 120 220 240 VAC 50 60 Hz power 10 Watts Rechargeable 8 hour battery pack optional Accuracy 0 2 electronics only Warm up Time Meets specified accuracy within 5 minutes of turn on Configuration Bench mount with carrying handle standard rack mount or panel mount optional Parameters Each of up to six channels may be programmed to measure any of the following parameters with appropriate probes dew point tem
55. 70 60 zu 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2776 2851 2929 3039 3153 3285 3441 3673 4018 4778 6559 9010 130 94 76 58 40 22 4 14 32 50 68 NOTE When using this data with Instrument Program 1002A and higher Program the number of data points NDx with 14 and use all points listed NOTE When using this data with Instrument Program 1001A through 1001F Select the 10 most applicable data points NDx with 10 PLUK14 Version 7 3 January 12 Figure 2 7 Probe Calibration Sheet 1988 Program the number of data points 2 4 Getting Started 11 1 89 Connecting a Moisture Probe cont Up and Running The calibration data sheet tells you which channel the calibration data is stored In the following discussion we will assume your probe was set up for channel 1 Note Most System 2 hygrometers are supplied with a single probe set to be used on channel 1 If you plan to use more than one probe with your System 2 please refer to Chapter 3 Multi Probe Operation You are now ready to measure dew frost point temperature We define dew frost point temperature as the temperature at which moisture will condense or precipitate on a cooled surface This parameter is quite useful in that it is the actual condensation temperature of water under the prevailing conditions Power up the System 2 by turning on t
56. 70 C The rate at which the system reaches equilibrium will depend on flow rate temperature materials of construction and system pressure Generally speaking an increase in flow rate and or temperature will decrease the response time of the sample system Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 3 2003 Response Time cont Temperature Flow Rate To minimize any adverse affects on response time the preferred materials of construction for moisture monitoring sample systems are stainless steel Teflon and glass Materials to be avoided include rubber elastomers and related compounds The GE Panametrics hygrometer is largely unaffected by ambient temperature However for best results it is recommended that the ambient temperature be at least 10 C higher than the measured dew point up to a maximum of 70 C Because an ambient temperature increase may cause water vapor to be desorbed from the walls of the sample system it is possible to observe a diurnal change in moisture concentration for a system exposed to varying ambient conditions In the heat of the day the sample system walls will be warmed by the ambient air and an off gassing of moisture into the process fluid with a corresponding increase in measured moisture content will occur The converse will happen during the cooler evening hours This effect should not be mistakenly interpreted as indicating that the moisture probe has a temperature coefficient
57. 9 157 38 49 692 50 231 50 774 51 323 51 879 39 52 442 53 009 53 580 54 156 54 737 40 55 324 55 910 56 510 57 110 57 720 41 58 340 58 960 59 580 60 220 60 860 16 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E Table A 1 Vapor Pressure of Water Continued June 2003 __ EE _ _ Aqueous Vapor Pressure Over Water cont Temp C 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 42 61 500 62 140 62 800 63 460 64 120 43 64 800 65 480 66 160 66 860 67 560 44 68 260 68 970 69 690 70 410 71 140 45 71 880 72 620 73 360 74 120 74 880 46 75 650 76 430 77 210 78 000 78 800 47 79 600 80 410 81 230 82 050 82 870 48 83 710 84 560 85 420 86 280 87 140 49 88 020 88 900 89 790 90 690 91 590 50 92 51 93 50 94 40 95 30 96 30 51 97 20 98 20 99 10 100 10 101 10 52 102 09 103 10 104 10 105 10 106 20 53 107 20 108 20 109 30 110 40 111 40 54 112 51 113 60 114 70 115 80 116 90 55 118 04 119 10 120 30 121 50 122 60 56 123 80 125 00 126 20 127 40 128 60 57 129 82 131 00 132 30 133 50 134 70 58 136 08 137 30 138 50 139 90 141 20 59 142 60 143 90 145 20 146 60 148 00 60 149 38 150 70 152 10 153 50 155 00 61 156 43 157 80 159 30 160 80 162 30 62 163 77 165 20 166 80 168 30 169 80 63 171 38 172 90 174 50 176 10 177 70 64 179 31 180 90 182 50 184 20 185 80 65 187 54 189 20 190 90 192 60 194 30 66 196 09 197 80 199 50 201 30 203 10 67 204 96 206 80 208 60 210 50 212 30 68 214 17 216 00 218 00 219 90 221 80 69 223 73 225 70 227 70 229 70 231 70 70
58. 90 0 000070 0 000048 0 000033 0 000022 0 000015 80 0 00040 0 00029 0 00020 0 00014 0 00010 70 0 00194 0 00143 0 00105 0 00077 0 00056 60 0 00808 0 00614 0 00464 0 00349 0 00261 50 0 02955 0 0230 0 0178 0 0138 0 0106 40 0 0966 0 0768 0 0609 0 0481 0 0378 30 0 2859 0 2318 0 1873 0 1507 0 1209 Temp C 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 29 0 317 0 311 0 304 0 298 0 292 28 0 351 0 344 0 337 0 330 0 324 27 0 389 0 381 0 374 0 366 0 359 26 0 430 0 422 0 414 0 405 0 397 25 0 476 0 467 0 457 0 448 0 439 24 0 526 0 515 0 505 0 495 0 486 23 0 580 0 569 0 558 0 547 0 536 22 0 640 0 627 0 615 0 603 0 592 21 0 705 0 691 0 678 0 665 0 652 20 0 776 0 761 0 747 0 733 0 719 19 0 854 0 838 0 822 0 806 0 791 18 0 939 0 921 0 904 0 887 0 870 17 1 031 1 012 0 993 0 975 0 956 16 1 132 1 111 1 091 1 070 1 051 15 1 241 1 219 1 196 1 175 1 153 14 1 361 1 336 1 312 1 288 1 264 13 1 490 1 464 1 437 1 411 1 386 12 1 632 1 602 1 574 1 546 1 518 11 1 785 1 753 1 722 1 691 1 661 10 1 950 1 916 1 883 1 849 1 817 9 2 131 2 093 2 057 2 021 1 985 8 2 326 2 285 2 246 2 207 2 168 7 2 537 2 493 2 450 2 408 2 367 6 2 765 2 718 2 672 2 626 2 581 5 3 013 2 962 2 912 2 862 2 813 4 3 280 3 225 3 171 3 117 3 065 3 3 568 3 509 3 451 3 393 3 336 2 3 880 3 816 3 753 3 691 3 630 1 4 217 4 147 4 079 4 012 3 946 0 4 579 4 504 4 431 4 359 4 287 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 EE Table A 1 Vapor Pressure of Water C
59. CALE BHn XXXXX THIS DISPLAY REPRESENTS 100 OF FULL SCALE FOR RECORDER B OUTPUT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A NEW VALUE EQUAL TO THE DESIRED 100 OF FULL SCALE ENT ENT ALARM 1 9 ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT OPERATING MODE NUMBER KLn XXXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE LOW ALARM SET POINT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT LOW ALARM SET POINT JHn XXXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE OPERATING MODE NUMBER SELECTED FOR THE HIGH ALARM 1 9 ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT OPERATING MODE NUMBER KHn XXXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE HIGH ALARM SET POINT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT HIGH ALARM SET POINT CS NOTE CS DISPLAYS ONLY IF MODE 4 PPMW WAS SELECTED AS THE MAJOR MODE ENT NOn X RUB THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE NUMBER OF DATA POINTS 6 MAX USED FOR THE CS CURVE WHICH IS EXPRESSED AS THE SATURATION CONSTANT VERSUS TEMPERATURE ACCEPT THE CURRENT VALUE OR RUB AND REPLACE IT AS DESIRED ENT ENT lt OR THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE TEMPERATURE FOR THE FIRST DATA POINT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT AS DESIRED CSO XXXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE CS VALUE CORRESPONDING TO THE TEMPERATURE ENTERED ABOVE AT THE FIRST DATA POINT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT AS
60. CE operation Table 6 2 specifies the D connector pin assignment and signal description when the System 2 is configured for DTE operation Table 6 1 DCE DTE Configuration D Pin Number Signal Description 2 Transmit Data TX Input 3 Receive Data RX Output 7 Signal Ground SGND Common The UART card and switch SA401 on the DVM card allow a copy of the System 2 front panel display information to be sent to a remote display device such as a printer or display terminal Switch SA401 1 must be activated ON for this function 6 18 Installation 11 1 89 Baud Rate Selections Switch SA501 is used to select the baud rate as follows refer to Figure 7 1 on page 7 2 SA501 1 ON 150 BAUD SA501 2 ON 300 BAUD SA501 3 ON 1200 BAUD SA501 4 ON 9600 BAUD Note Only one switch may be on at a time DCE DTE Configuration jumper plug is provided to configure the System 2 for Data Communications Equipment DCE or Data Terminal Equipment DTE for RS232C interface applications With the plug in the Master position XU512 the System 2 is configured for DTE operation With the plug module in the Slave position XU513 the System 2 is configured for DCE operation The master and slave positions are shown in Figure 6 14 below 3600 1200 A501 300 Baud Rate Selector 150 RS232C Cable 704 126 02 D Connector RS232C Figure 6 14 Location of Master Slave Option Selects
61. DATA POINT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT DEW POINT ENT ENT KVn x THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE SCALING CONSTANT FOR PPMV X 0001 MIN TO 500 MAX HOWEVER TYPICALLY X 1 ACCEPT THE PRESENT VALUE OR RUB AND REPLACE IT AS DESIRED ENT Li 5 DONE RUB ENT m MOO XXXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE 1ST MH VALUE DATA POINT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT MH VALUE CONTINUE ENTERING THE DATA POINTS FOR DEW POINT CALIBRATION TO THE NUMBER OF POINTS SELECTED ABOVE ENT ENT ENTERED CONSTANT ACCEPT THE CURRENT STATUS OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH DESIRED VALUE ENT ENT TPn XXX OR NOTE IF YOU SELECT 1 ABOVE THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE CONSTANT VALUE FOR TEMPERATURE ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE CORRECT CONSTANT ENT BI PRESS ENT RUB PO XXXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE LOW PRES SURE VALUE IN PSIG OR BARS ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE CORRECTVALUE ENT ENT PHO THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE CORRESPONDING LOW mA VALUE FOR EXAMPLE 0 OR 4 mA ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE CORRECT VALUE P1 XXXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE HIGH PRES SURE VALUE ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE CORRECT VALUE ENT ENT
62. DESIRED ENT ENT REPEAT FOR CS UP TO 5 AND 5 ENT ENT KPPMV NOTE KPPMV DISPLAYS ONLY IF MODE 5 PPMV WAS SELECTED AS THE MAJOR MODE ABOVE ENT i ENT pu o PROBE ENT RUB PRn X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE INPUTS FOR THE MOISTURE PROBE USED 1 7 SEE BELOW ACCEPT IT RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING 0 PROBE DISABLE 1 DEW PT 3 TEMP 4 PRESS 5 DEW PT amp PRESS 6 TEMP amp PRESS 7 DEW PT TEMP amp PRESS ENT ENT AUT R Se th ENT RUB gt AUn X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE AUTO RANGE FEATURE OF THE SYSTEM 2 0 OR 1 ON ACCEPT IT RUB AND REPLACE IT AS DESIRED _ ENT RUB DEWPT ENT PHn XXXXXX THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE SERIAL NUMBER OF THE MOISTURE PROBE PRESENTLY CONNECTED TO THIS CHANNEL ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE CORRECT SERIAL NUMBER FROM THE HEX NUT OF THE PROBE ENT ENT NDx X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE NUMBER OF DATA POINTS YOU WILL USE FOR THE DEW POINT CALIBRATION CURVE 20 MAX ENT ENT 000 XX X C OR THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE 1ST DEW POINT
63. ENT and you will be asked if you wish to enter the next subroutine User Programming 4 15 11 1 89 The CONT Subroutine HLREF BATT ERROR Selections in the CONT subroutine allow you to set certain system parameters and to perform certain global or local instrument control operations The CONT subroutine contains the following selections HLREF BATT ERROR REC ER RBT BYPAS DONE The first selection HLREF allows you to change the basic electronic reference calibration values for the moisture measuring circuitry Caution Do not change these values unless you are certain that the new values are correct BATT allows you to fast charge the main battery pack in optional battery powered units You can also check the remaining time in a charge cycle For more information on using this optional feature please refer to Chapter 6 Optional Battery Pack The next selection is ERROR The System 2 allows you to choose several options for dealing with range errors values that are out of range You choose from up to four actions the hygrometer will take if a range error is detected More information on error processing can be found in Chapter 3 User Programming 11 1 89 RECER BYPAS RET The next selection RECER is an additional error condition option The RECER option allows you to choose a distinct output condition on the
64. ESSURE PSIG PRESSURE ATMOSPHERES MOISTURE CONTENT PPM by volume Figure A 1 Moisture Content Nomograph for Gases A 20 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Comparison of PPMy Calculations There are three basic methods for determining the moisture content of gas in PPMy the calculations described in this appendix calculations performed with the slide rule device that is provided with each GE Panametrics hygrometer values determined from tabulated vapor pressures For comparison purposes examples of all three procedures are listed in Table A 4 below Table A 4 Comparative PPMy Values Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E Calculation Method DewPoint Pressure Appendix Vapor C psig Slide Rule A Pressure 80 0 0 5 0 55 0 526 100 0 065 N A 0 0675 800 0 009 N A 0 0095 1500 0 005 N A 0 0051 50 0 37 40 38 88 100 4 8 5 2 4 98 800 0 65 0 8 0 7016 1500 0 36 0 35 0 3773 20 0 20 000 23 072 36 100 3000 3000 2956 9 800 420 400 416 3105 1500 220 200 223 9 21 2003 Liquid Applications Theory of Operation The direct measurement of water vapor pressure in organic liquids is accomplished easily and effectively with GE Panametrics Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensors Since the moisture probe pore openings are small in relation to the size of most organic molecules admission into the sen
65. Each time the equal sign blinks the System 2 has finished measuring and if necessary calculating data At this point it updates the display value and the analog output value and begins the next measurement cycle 3 2 Operation 11 1 89 Parameter Displayed You select the measurement parameter to display by pressing followed by pressing one of the parameter mode keys There are nine mode keys which correspond to the nine possible parameter modes see Figure 3 2 below Note f no data is entered in programming the message NO DATA will appear when a mode is selected Parameter Mode Keys Figure 3 2 Display Mode Selection Keys Operation 3 3 11 1 89 Six Channel Operation Although the System 2 is a single channel instrument it is capable of accepting and storing up to six sets of moisture probe calibration temperature and pressure data It can also store recorder zero and span limits as well as alarm setpoints If an application does not require continuous data you can move the hygrometer from one site to another even if the moisture probe and or pressure measuring device must remain installed in the system This is possible because the System 2 allows you to enter a complete new set of operating and calibration parameters for each site Each set of data is stored in a channel which can be called up with several keystrokes on the System 2 keypad In this way the System 2
66. H X 9 D approximately 12 Ibs 16 W X 8 H X 8 D approximately 13 Ibs Specifications 9 5 11 1 89 Probe Specifications Moisture Probe Type M Series Thin Film Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensor Probe Patented Impedance Range 2 ohm to 50 Kohm 77 Hz depending on vapor pressure of water Calibration Each sensor is individually computer calibrated against known moisture concentrations Calibrations are traceable to the National Bureau of Standards Dew Frost Point Temperature Standard Calibrated Range 110 C to 20 C Overall Capability 110 C to 60 C available on request Accuracy 2 C in range of 65 C to 60 C 3 C in range of 110 C to 66 C Operating Temperature 110 C to 70 C Storage Temperature Maximum of 70 C Operating Pressure Depends on mount M1 5 microns Hg to 75 psig 2 5 microns Hg to 5000 psig Flow Range Gases From static to 10 000 cm sec linear velocity atm Liquids From static to 50 cm sec linear velocity density of 1 gm cc Response Time Less than 5 seconds for 63 of a step change in moisture content in either wet up or dry down cycle 9 6 Specifications 11 1 89 Temperature Type Non linear thermistor Sensor Optional Range 30 C to 70 C Accuracy 0 5 C overall Maximum Operating Temperature 70 C Time Constant Maximum one second in well stirred oil 10 seconds in still air for a 63 step change in incr
67. ING THE HIGH AND LOW REFERENCE VALUES Note Detailed information on programming the System 2 hygrometer can be found in Chapter 4 of this manual The high and low reference values are recorded on the calibration label of the No 8 card If there is doubt about the accuracy of the programmed high and low reference values power the instrument down and remove the No 8 card Record the reference values from the calibration label Return the No 8 card to its original location in the instrument and turn on the power switch Check the values you recorded from the No 8 card against the displayed low and high reference values and make any necessary corrections by following the calibration procedure outline in the next section B 2 Reference Calibration 11 1 89 Calibration Procedure Caution Contact Panametrics before beginning this procedure Once you have recorded the high and low reference values from the No 8 card you can perform the calibration procedure as follows 1 Disconnect the probe leave the probe cable connected and verify that the displayed MH value equals the zero reference value 0 0003 MH Mode 7 for MH units If this reading is within spec then no further testing is necessary If the reading is less than the specified reading previous recorded zero reference value 0 0003 then add this difference to the low reference value If the reading is greater than the specified reading previous
68. IS DISPLAY INDICATES THE HIGH REFERENCE VALUE FROM THE DATA SHEET ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE CORRECT HIGH REFERENCE VALUE SUPPLIED BY PANAMETRICS ENT RUB ENT FCH X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE STATUS OF THE FAST CHARGE CAPABILITY OF THE SYSTEM 2 X O DISABLED OR 1 ENABLED ACCEPT HE PRESENT STATUS OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH THE DESIRED VALUE BE SURE TO REFER TO THE USER S MANUAL FOR DETAILS ON FAST CHARGING ENT ENT CHT XXXX HRS THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE CHARGING TIME PRESS ENT ENT ENT ERROR e ENT RUB ERR X SEE NOTE 6 AND ENTER AS DESIRED ENT ENT RECER ENT RER X THIS DISPLAY SHOWS A VALUE THAT INDICATES HOW RECORDER OUTPUTS WILL HANDLE ERRORS X 0 OUTPUTS GO TO ZERO 1 OUTPUTSGO TO FULL SCALE ACCEPT THE PRESENT VALUE OR RUB AND REPLACE IT S DESIRED ENT n RUB ENT RBT ENT RUB RBT XX HRS RUB ENT THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE REBOOT INTERVAL ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT AS DESIRED ENT ENT BYPAS ENT BYP X BY DEFAULT X 0 NO BYPASS OF AUTO CAL HOWEVER IF YOU WISH TO BYPASS AUTOCAL RUB AND ENTER A 1 ENT ENT RUB OPERATE DONE ENT
69. L6 110 AH6 20 Depending on the setting of the output range switch see Chapter 8 this zero and span correspond to either 0 2 V 0 100 mV or 0 20 mA If we assume the output switch is set for 0 20 mA then AL6 110 0mA 20 20mA We desire to suppress the zero value so that at 110 C the current will be 4 mA instead of 0 This is shown in graphic form below 20 E ZERO SPAN 110 C to 20 C DEW 20 POINT OUTPUT RANGE 010 20 mA 60 80 OUTPUT RANGE 4 to 20 mA zero suppressed zero suppressed 4 mA when 110 C 142 5 0 45 10 15 20 OUTPUT mA As the graph indicates this will be the case if the zero current value ALn is 142 5 Therefore we enter 142 5 for AL6 for the following results AL6 142 5 0 mA 110 4mA AH6 20 20mA desmed range For a 4 20 mA application you can calculate the suppressed value for ALn as follows ALn GXLD AHn WHERE Go IMS L the desired dew point value at4mA ex ALn 5x 110 20 AHn the dew point value at 20 4 mA 25903 20 _ 570 _ 142 5 4 4 User Programming 4 23 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY KEY IN 1 2 3 ENT CODE CALIB ENT RUB RUB CHANT ALARM TEST ENT RUB RUB BONE CONT RUB RET ENT INST PROG NO
70. PRESS THE PROG KEY KEY IN 1 2 3 ENT CODE CALIB CHAN v RUB RUB ENT CHN X RUB KEY IN 6 ENT CHN 6 ENT ALARM TEST RUB RUB DONE CONT v MODE RUB REC A ENT AM6 X RUB ENT RUB RET ENT INST PROG NO AUTO CAL SYSTEM 2 KEY IN 1 ENT AM6 1 ENT AL6 X C ENT KEY IN 110 ENT AL6 110 C ENT AH6 X C RUB KEY IN 20 ENT AH6 20 C ENT Figure 4 5 Example B 1 Setting Analog Output Zero and Span 4 22 User Programming 11 1 89 Example B 2 Setting Analog Output to 4 20 mA For this example we would like to set the output range of 110 C to 20 C to correspond to an output of 4 20 mA This is a special case of setting Analog Output zero and span previous example To set zero and span we enter the values we desire for zero and span at the prompts ALn X zero and AHn X span In the previous example the desired zero is 110 C and the desired span is 20 C Since we are programming channel 6 this translates to A
71. Panametrics also offers instruction in operation and maintenance of its products and can provide on site training upon request lii 11 1 89 How to Use This Manual Chapter Summaries To save you time and enable you to start operating your System 2 as quickly as possible we have separated this manual into three parts as follows Part 1 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS is user oriented and designed to acquaint you with the System 2 and get you comfortable operating it Part 2 TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS deals more with installation issues and technical details Part 3 APPENDICES is where you will find general information about hygrometry and specific information about some of the System 2 options You can save time by reading only the information you need check the chapter summaries that follow First time users or anyone who needs to familiarize themselves with System 2 operation before installation in a process system should read Part 1 of this book and perform the moisture measurement example demonstration Part 1 Operating Instructions Read this part to familiarize yourself with the operation of the System 2 including User Programming Chapter 1 System 2 Basics and Options gives an overview of the System 2 including a summary of features and capabilities package options available and general operating information Chapter 2 Getting Started tells you how to connect and operate a System 2 hygrometer This section
72. ROG KEY CODE PROG ENT CHAN ALARM CALIB ENT JL6 X ENT CHN X RUB EY IN 6 ENT CHN 6 ENT MODE ENT REC A RUB KEY IN 1 ENT JL6 1 ENT KL6 X C RUB KEY IN 4 75 ENT RUB REC B KL6 4 75 C ENT RUB JH6 X RUB EY IN 1 ENT JH6 1 ENT KH6 X C RUB KEY IN 4 75 ENT KH6 4 75 TEST RUB CONT RUB RET ENT INST PROG NO AUTO CAL SYSTEM 2 OPERATE DONE ENT Figure 4 7 Example C Setting the Alarm Trip Points 4 26 User Programming 11 1 89 Example D Entering Cs Values for PPMw To measure PPM in liquids you must know at least one value of the saturation constant C In this example you will enter the three values tabulated earlier on page 4 8 Table 4 2 for hexane In the PROG subroutine select the CHAN option and at the prompt CHn erase the current value by pressing lt RUB gt and enter 6 Proceed to the MODE option and at the prompt MDN rub and enter the value 4 Then proceed to the CS option of the PROG subroutine and
73. SER SYSTEM 2 THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE OPERATING MODE NUMBER SELECTED FOR THE LOW DIFFERENT CHANNEL NUMBER ENT i RUB m MODE ENT MDn X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE MAJOR OPERATING MODE SELECTEDFOR THIS CHANNEL 1 9 ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT OPERATING MODE NUMBER ENT B REC A ENT AMn X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE OPERATING MODE SELECTEDFOR RECORDER A ON THIS CHANNEL 1 9 ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT OPERATING MODE NUMBER ALn XXXXX THIS DISPLAY REPRESENTS 0 OF FULL SCALE FOR RECORDER A OUTPUT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A NEW VALUE EQUAL TO THE DESIRED 0 OF FULL SCALE AHn XXXXX THIS DISPLAY REPRESENTS 100 OF FULL SCALE FOR RECORDER A OUTPUT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A NEW VALUE EQUAL TO THE DESIRED 100 OF FULL SCALE ENT ENT REC B _ ENT BMn X THIS DISPLAY INDICATES THE OPERATING MODE SELECTEDFOR RECORDER B ON THIS CHANNEL 1 9 ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A DIFFERENT OPERATING MODE NUMBER BLn XXXXX THIS DISPLAY REPRESENTS 0 OF FULL SCALE FOR RECORDER B OUTPUT ACCEPT IT OR RUB AND REPLACE IT WITH A NEW VALUE EQUAL TO THE DESIRED 0 OF FULL S
74. T Card Current Loop EIA 6 Interface Card 7 Hygrometer Card Recorder A Only Recorder A and Recorder B 8A RC Cal Card 14 Regulator Card 24 Memory Card Front Panel Keyboard 19 Output Board No Alarms With Alarms 6 22 Installation Chapter 7 Summary of Connections Introduction x Sacre sees Bees Fehr P cae VEL E RH EUER SUE 7 1 Number 19 1 0 Board Connection Illustration 7 2 Summary by Terminal 7 2 Summary by F ncll nciiericoda ra Lak Or eee RACE 7 8 11 1 89 Introduction This section contains comprehensive connection information for the System 2 hygrometer With the exception of power connections are made via terminal blocks on the No 19 I O board in the rear of the hygrometer see Figure 7 1 Provision is made to connect one type M moisture or MT moisture temperature probe one 20 mA loop type pressure transmitter one or optionally two analog output devices one or optionally two sets of alarms The interconnection information in the remainder of this section is tabulated in three ways 1 by illustration 2 by terminal block 3 by function Note Connections for the digital communications option are made on the optional UART card No 5 see Chapter 6 Summary of Connections 11 1 89 Number 19 I O Board Figure 7 1 shows connections made on the No 19 input output board Connection Illustrati
75. The following sections are an overview of each subroutine with a brief discussion of each selection therein At the end of the chapter you will also find a complete User Programming Flow diagram Figure 4 19 on page 4 45 showing all the steps in the user program in summary form Note Several subroutines contain the prompt CHAN channel which refers to a channel of probe setup information as discussed in Chapter 1 In the PROG subroutine you can set the basicoperating characteristics for each channel Once you enter the PROG subroutine you must step through the entire menu however you can do a rapid step through without changing anything by pressing lt RUB gt at each prompt The PROG subroutine contains the following selections CHAN MODE REC A REC B ALARM CS or appears if Major Mode 4 or 5 is selected DONE Note fyou press ENT by mistake you will be prompted to make changes to the user program as explained below To avoid making changes if this happens continue to press ENT until you get back to one of the prompts on the list At the prompt CHAN you can check or change the channel number to be programmed by pressing ENT see Chapter 1 The display changes to CHNzn where n is a number from 1 to 6 that represents the current channel number You can accept the current channel value by pressing lt ENT gt lt ENT gt To change the
76. a soft carrying case for use with the System 2 bench mount unit The carrying case is ideally suited for battery operated units particularly when the unit is used for field survey applications The case consists of a main compartment for the hygrometer and an accessory compartment for such items as a probe case cables a small sample system and the AC adapter for the battery operated System 2 hygrometers It is fitted with a sturdy shoulder strap for portability Since the compartments are interconnected you can set up a complete portable system in the case with the AC adapter permanently attached To charge the unit simply open the accessory compartment flap and plug the AC adapter into 110 volts AC For portable operation you can pack the power cord in the accessory compartment and carry the entire system from site to site 1 6 System 2 Basics and Options Chapter 2 Getting Started The Front Panel 2 1 Initial SQUID xo ks sean erie wn 2 1 Connecting a Moisture 2 2 Up and 2 5 11 1 89 The Front Panel On the System 2 front panel you will find a digital display a keypad a power ON OFF switch and a security keylock see Figure 2 1 below Digital Display Keypad Keylock TT SPEC CONT woe 7 Js 26000 On Off Figure 2 1 Front Panel Initial Setup Unl
77. analog outputs REC A and REC B should any error occur Enter the RECER option and select RER 0 if you wish to have analog outputs go to zero on error Select RER 1 if you wish to have analog outputs go to full scale on error The prompt BYPAS enables you to bypass the auto calibration procedure The System 2 automatically performs auto calibration when you leave the programming mode and return to the operating mode Since auto calibration procedure takes a minimum of 14 seconds there are times you may want to bypass it To do this at the prompt BYPASS press ENT The display changes to 0 the 0 indicates no bypass Press lt RUB gt and enter 1 the 1 activates bypass Press lt ENT gt lt ENT gt The display changes to DONE Note BYPASS automatically defaults back to 0 after you return to the operating mode This enables auto calibration to normally occur whenever you exit any of the routines in the programming mode Bypassing auto calibration may degrade the accuracy of some of the channel measurements and also may bypass the updating of some of the operator programmed variables Whenever in doubt allow the System 2 to go through the auto calibration routine An easy way to initiate an auto calibration is to press the Master Reset Switch on the RC Calibrator Card CS1 8A while BYP 0 The last prompt in the CONT subroutine is DONE If you wish to review your entries or make any changes press
78. and CS up to CT2 and CS2 ENT ENT DONE ENT CALIB RUB TEST RUB CONT RUB RET ENT INST PROG NO AUTO CAL SYSTEM 2 OPERATE Figure 4 8 Example D Entering C Values for PPM 4 28 User Programming 11 1 89 Example E Entering KVn for PPM KVn is a constant multiplier that applies to PPM measurements as described on page 4 9 In most cases KVn is 1 000 In this example you will set KVn equal to 1 000 In the PROG subroutine select the CHAN option and at the prompt CHn erase the current value by pressing lt RUB gt and enter 6 Proceed to the MODE option and at the prompt MDN rub and enter the value 5 Now continue stepping through the PROG subroutine until you reach the option KPPMV Enter this option and at the prompt KVn rub and enter the value 1 000 The new parameters will take effect as soon as you return to the operating mode The programming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in the flow diagram Note You will not get the option unless you have chosen mode 5 for MODE User Programming 4 29 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY
79. and illustrations of how and where to make all external connections Chapter 8 Reconfiguring the System 2 describes how to change hardware controlled default settings such as measuring units English or metric and analog output ranges In this section you will find switch location information and tables showing the options available Chapter 9 Specifications details the System 2 physical electrical and operating specifications Chapter 10 Troubleshooting contains a troubleshooting chart and instructions for using the internal diagnostic features of the System 2 Part 3 Appendices Read this part for specific information on the topics covered Appendix A Applications of the Hygrometer is a treatise on Aluminum Oxide Moisture Measurement and how it is implemented in the System 2 hygrometer Appendix B Reference Calibration explains how to recalibrate the internal moisture references As indicated this procedure should not be performed without first consulting Panametrics 11 1 89 Related Documentation Conventions Used Display Messages Keypad References e Schematics and PC Card Mechanicals Special order contact the sales department at your nearest Panametrics office for availability and price Parts Lists A PC board level spare parts list is part of the User s Manual A complete parts list may be available contact the factory or your nearest Panametrics office for availability Setup and Adjus
80. annel 6 The display will then show PPM in the format shown in Figure 5 7 below the value shown is for illustration purposes the value you see will be different P Parameter Prefix Channel Figure 5 7 Display Format for PPMy Other Measurements 5 5 11 1 89 PPM is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the total pressure of the carrier gas and is calculated as follows P 6 PPM 10 where partial pressure of water vapor measured by the moisture probe and the total pressure The System 2 derives P directly from the Panametrics type moisture probe signal since the aluminum oxide measurement technique is a direct measurement of the partial pressure due to water vapor P the total pressure can be supplied by a separate pressure sensor i e a pressure transmitter such as described on page 5 2 or if known and sufficiently non varying it can be programmed as a constant Assuming you have a Panametrics moisture probe connected and a pressure transmitter such as the Panametrics P40 or P40X also connected or have the pressure value set at a constant you are ready to measure moisture in Turn the power on If your System 2 is not already programmed to display PPM on channel 6 override the pre programmed display mode by manually entering channel and mode from the front panel keypad with the key sequence shown in Figure 5 8 below
81. atch the equal sign on the display Observe that it should blink periodically Beginning with the second blink the display reading is updated and the reading should change Since you are holding the moisture probe in your hand you will be increasing the dew frost point temperature as a result of the moisture adsorbed from your hand Eventually the reading will increase to a value between 8 C and 20 C 100 RH Note that when you put the probe down the reading will rapidly decrease Getting Started 2 7 Chapter 3 Operation Introduction ee eee ee x xa ee 3 1 Display FORMAL were ie Rl CFR e RR D eC ea 3 1 Parameter Displayed 3 3 Six Channel Operation 3 4 Auto Hanging issus ae a 3 5 System 2 Error Processing 3 6 11 1 89 Introduction In this chapter we will describe how the display is updated the six channel capability of the hygrometer auto ranging and the control and interpretation of error conditions Display Format In Figure 3 1 dew frost point temperature DP is used as an example When you are in the measurement mode the display shows measured parameters in the following format E Channel Figure 3 1 Display Format for Measured Parameter To the left of the equal sign the parameter prefix identifies the type of parameter being measur
82. aturation concentration of water in the liquid at the temperature of measurement To calculate PPM we need a measurement of Py and a measurement of process temperature We can extrapolate P from temperature and C input data The System 2 derives P directly from Panametrics M type moisture probe signal since the aluminum oxide measurement technique is in fact a direct measurement of the partial pressure due to water vapor To obtain temperature you will need a type MIT or M2T probe as described on page 5 1 If temperature is known and remains stable enough over time to be assumed constant it can be programmed as a system calibration constant Setting temperature to a constant is described on page 4 37 You will also have to enter at least one value for C Values for C are empirical When you have the C data enter the values as explained on page 4 8 and demonstrated on page 4 27 Assuming you have a Panametrics type MIT or M2T moisture temperature probe connected or have the temperature value set at a constant you are ready to measure PPM Turn the power 5 4 Other Measurements 11 1 89 PPM cont If your System 2 is not already programmed to display PPM on channel 6 override the pre programmed display mode by manually entering channel and mode from the front panel keypad with the key sequence shown in Figure 5 6 below Figure 5 6 Key Sequence to Read PPMy on Ch
83. ble from the vapor pressure of water and the Perfect Gas Laws Referenced to a temperature of 60 F and a pressure of 14 7 psia the following equations may be used to calculate these units mg of water _ 289 x Py 0 4 liter of gas of water Pw E 0 0324 x T 0 5 ft of gas R 6 Ibof water _ 10 xPy RC S VW 0 6 MMSCF of gas 21 1 21 1 x Pr Note MMSCF is an abbreviation for a million standard cubic feet of carrier gas Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 13 2003 Weight of Water per Unit Occasionally the moisture content of a gas is expressed in terms of Weight of Carrier Gas the weight of water per unit weight of carrier gas In such a case the unit of measure defined by the following equation is the most commonly used grains of water _ 7999 x My x Pw 0 7 Ib of gas x P For ambient air at 1 atm of pressure the above equation reduces to the following rains of water ETAS mS us Py 0 8 Ib of gas A 14 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E Table A 1 Vapor Pressure of Water June 2003 reor LL gt gt _ gt SS gt gt i gt gt Note f the dew frost point is known the table will yield the partial water vapor pressure Py in mm of Hg If the ambient or actual gas temperature is known the table will yield the saturated water vapor pressure Ps in mm of Hg Water Vapor Pressure Over Ice Temp C 0 2 4 6 8
84. can be used as a portable device to spot sample at up to six separate locations without the need for reprogramming Note 7o eliminate confusion the moisture probe serial number should be entered under the prompt PNn XXXXX see Chapter 2 Connecting a Moisture Probe and Chapter 4 on DWPT programming for each channel of data entered The probe serial number is displayed for a few seconds whenever the CHAN pushbutton is selected in the operating mode You can then check the correlation between System 2 data and a particular measurement site by comparing this number with the serial number on the probe The channel serial number and the probe serial number must match exactly Otherwise measured moisture data will be inaccurate 3 4 Operation 11 1 89 Auto Ranging The System 2 is capable of auto ranging in the dew frost point temperature mode Auto ranging can be enabled or disabled in the User Program at the AUT R prompt A discussion of how to enable and disable auto ranging can be found in Chapter 4 Auto ranging affects the resolution of the measurement process however only one decimal place is displayed see Chapter 3 What auto ranging provides is a greater ability to distinguish between small changes in moisture For example with auto ranging on a measurement update of from 10 7 gt 10 8 may be possible while without auto ranging the minimum change resolvable might be 10 7 11 7 The abso
85. ch as a recorder connected to it by placing a constant output voltage or a loop current depending upon which output you have set up on the output Select any percent full scale output value by entering this number at the prompt ARn When you make the entry and go to the next prompt output A will go to this voltage or current Note When you enter the normal operating mode the outputs will automatically change to their newly calculated levels The same is true for REC B if you have an optional REC B output User Programming 11 1 89 ALARM DVM DONE The third selection ALARM allows you to turn the high and low alarms on and off Enter 1 for KLn to activate the low alarm relay and enter 0 to turn it off Enter 1 for KHn to activate the high alarm relay and enter 0 to turn it off When you make the entry lt gt lt ENT gt and go to the next prompt the alarm relays will change state Note When you enter the normal operating mode the outputs will automatically change to their newly calculated states The final prompt DVM is used for a factory test This option is used in conjunction with service and maintenance The last prompt in the TEST subroutine is DONE If you wish to review your entries or make any changes press RUB and you will be back to the first prompt in TEST which is CHAN If you do not need to go back and check your entries or make any changes press
86. ck the keylock and swing the front panel open the panel is hinged on the left hand side so that you are looking at the rear of the panel as shown in Figure 4 1 Rear View of the Front 20055 Inoa Atej pou gOBDAC Programming Lockout Figure 4 1 Locating the Programming Lockout Switch To enter the User Program press You will see 2 on the display At the prompt CODE enter the key sequence shown in Figure 4 2 below Figure 4 2 Key Sequence to Enter the User Programming Mode 4 2 User Programming 11 1 89 How to Program the System 2 cont The display will show PROG You are now at the top level of the user program The top level of the User Program actually consists of four major sub programs or subroutines At the top level you are asked which subroutine you wish to enter The choices are PROG Program i e Set up units of measure recorder outputs etc CALIB Calibrate i e Enter calibration data and other input information TEST Test i e Check operation test outputs and troubleshooting CONT Control i e Set error checking battery charge indicator etc You enter a particular subroutine by pressing ENT You bypass a particular subroutine by pressing User Prog
87. conditions that may affect measurements Reference Calibration B 1 11 1 89 Calibrating High and Low Reference Values cont Indication of Problem Recorded Reference Values This calibration procedure should be performed if one of the following applies A RAM memory has been lost B The No 8 card has been repaired or replaced C The calibration test see the last section of this appendix shows calibration to be out of spec D You wish to adjust the low reference value to compensate for environmental factors such as long cables that may affect instrument measurements E Card No 14 has been removed or replaced or its battery voltage has fallen Call Panametrics for servicing The high low reference calibration procedure may be necessary in the following cases After using the RESET switch on the No 8 card the display shows NODATA There is doubt about the accuracy of the programmed high and low reference values If the hardware is working properly and if after using the RESET switch on the No 8 card the display shows NODATA then the instrument has lost or is missing all or certain programmed information Information can be lost because of the following reasons e Card No 14 is removed Card No 14 RAM battery is dead Unit may need servicing If this occurs you must reprogram the hygrometer with the original probe data and operating parameters where necessary BEFORE ENTER
88. d side Remove these screws and the rear cover will swing out on hinges as shown in Figure 2 2 below Cover screw holes Showing I O Board and Location of Cover Screws On the left side you will see a small printed circuit board imprinted with the number 19 This is the I O board You will make all external connections except power via the connectors on this board see Figure 2 3 below eoocooQ LL Board 5 gt Rear View of System 2 Figure 2 3 System 2 I O Board Showing Connectors Locate the moisture probe or probes that came with the hygrometer Each probe has a serial number engraved on one of the flat surfaces of the hexagonal probe header as shown in Figure 2 4 on the next page Check that this serial number corresponds to the serial number on the calibration data sheet see Figure 2 7 2 2 Getting Started 11 1 89 Connecting a Moisture Probe cont Serial Number Figure 2 4 Serial Number on M Type Moisture Probe Connect the probe cable to TB1901 on the I O board as shown in Figures 2 5 and 2 6 and plug the probe into the cable Note that leads 4 and 5 are for the optional temperature sensor This option is discussed in Chapter 5 You should connect these wires now even if you are not planning to use them Panametrics Probe Cable Type MT Probe Figure 2 5 Panametrics Probe Cable and Probe for Type M or MT Prob
89. e 2 2 With the front panel open you will see the card cage as shown in Figure 8 1 below m 1 1 2 3 4 5 8 14 10 MEM MEM2 DVM UART RC HYGRO REG PWR SPLY Figure 8 1 View of System 2 Card Cage with Front Door Open All configuration switches are edge mounted on the front of the cards so you can reach them without removing the card Analog Recorder Output Both analog outputs REC A and optional output REC B can be set Type and Range for a 0 100 mV b 0 2V c 0 20mA 8 2 Reconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer 11 1 89 Analog Recorder Output You can also further adjust the System 2 current output range by Type and Range cont offsetting the zero point in programming see Chapter 4 to obtain a full scale output range of 4 20 mA standard current loop USA Output type REC A and range are controlled by switch array SA702 and by switch array SA703 for the optional output REC B on card No 7 as shown in Figure 8 2 below CS1 7 No 7 Hygrometer Card 2 3 4 5 8 O MP 1 MEM2 DWM UART RC HYGRO REG PWR SPLY Figure 8 2 Location of Analog Output Range Switches Table 8 1 Recorder Output Range Switch Settings REC A SA 702 REC B SA 703 Turn On Turn On For 0 2 Volts 0 2 Volts 0 100 mV 0 100 mV 0 20 mA 0 20 mA
90. e book Note When you are through with the examples be certain to reset PRn to its previous value AUT R The third prompt in CALIB is AUT R which stands for Auto range You may choose to set auto ranging ON AUn 1 or to set auto ranging OFF AUn 0 Auto ranging was previously discussed in Chapter 3 User Programming 4 11 11 1 89 DEWPT TEMP PRESS The next prompt DEWPT is for entering calibration data for a moisture probe to be used with the selected probe channel Calibration data must be entered here for the moisture probe to give valid data Moisture probe data is supplied with each new moisture probe on a calibration data sheet see Chapter 2 If a probe is supplied along with a new or repaired System 2 hygrometer the data will have been entered for you at the factory There are normally 14 calibration points supplied with a standard Panametrics M series probe However you may enter any number of points greater than two up to twenty The more calibration points you use up to 14 the more accurate the calibration You can find an illustration showing a set of probe calibration data in Chapter 2 and an example of how to examine and or change calibration values in Example H on page 4 35 With this selection you may choose to get temperature data by either using an MT type probe setting temperature equal to a constant If you are measuring temperature as a process variab
91. e with the options outlined below On detecting a range error an error message in the form ERROR mn is displayed where m is the mode number and n is 1 or 0 a 1 indicates the value is above the accepted range and a 0 indicates the value is below the accepted range For example if relative humidity is calculated to be above 100 for channel 1 obviously high 61 is displayed As a second example if dew frost point temperature is out of range and PPM is being displayed for channel 1 the display will show PW 1 ERROR 11 indicating that PPM could not be calculated correctly because the dew frost point temperature value is above range When more than one error condition applies to a function the lowest mode number takes priority When the appropriate option is selected the alarms and recorders will respond to range error indications For example if error option 2 is selected see Table 3 3 below a 0 or below range condition causes any corresponding recorder output to fall to the minimum value and a corresponding low alarm to be set A 1 or above range condition causes any corresponding recorder output to rise to the maximum value and a corresponding high alarm to be set Table 3 3 Range Error Options Alarms and Option Number Displayed Recorders 0 default no action on errors no action on errors follow range errors follow range errors low error sets low and high
92. easing or decreasing temperature Pressure Transmitter P40 General purpose Optional P40X For Class I Group D Division 1 locations Transducer P40 solid state piezoresistive silicon sensor in stainless steel housing on board zero and span trim P40X capacitive sensor in explosion proof housing on board zero and span trim Range Choice of A 0 100 psig B 0 300 psig C 0 1000 psig D 0 3000 psig Accuracy P40 0 20 of span 40 0 50 of span Operating Temperature P40 40 C to 121 C 40 20 C to 200 C Pressure Connection P40 1 4 18 NPT Male P40X 1 2 NPT on flange Overpressure Limits 40 200 of maximum span 40 15096 of maximum span Dimensions P40 4 1 10 L x 2 1 4 diameter 40 41 2 W x7 Hx 4 1 2 diameter Specifications 9 7 Appendix A Application of the Hygrometer 900 901 Introduction eee ee ELE OE Moisture Monitor Hints 22 2 we8ihe Sadek aer wee admi RT Aluminum Oxide Probe Maintenance Corrosive Gases And Materials of Construction Calculations and Useful Formulas in Gas Applications Liquid Applications Empirical Calibrations Solids lt
93. ed followed by the channel number for the measurement On the right hand side of the equal sign the value being measured is displayed followed by the measurement units Note that the position of the decimal will vary depending on the parameter and range The display shows measurement data with up to four decimal places but it will not show data beyond the accuracy of the particular measurement or calculation that is data that is not meaningful or accurate is never shown Moisture DP measurements show a maximum of one decimal place For each measurement mode the display prefix will be different Operation 3 1 11 1 89 Display Format cont Table 3 1 lists all standard display prefixes what they stand for and possible measurement units for each Table 3 1 Display Prefixes and Units Display Prefix Parameter Type Units Dew Frost Point Temperature Temperature C F Pressure PSIG BARS Parts per Million by weight PPM Parts per Million by volume Relative Humidity If you have followed the instructions in Chapter 2 then you are now looking at a dew frost point temperature reading on the display You may have noticed by now that the equal sign blinks at intervals ranging from several seconds to several minutes Each blink indicates the completion of a measurement cycle The time of each measuring cycle depends on how many parameters you choose to measure see Chapter 4
94. en changes to the high end or 100 of full scale Refer to Examples B 1 and B 2 on page 4 21 and page 4 23 to set up REC A output The REC B prompt will be available whether you have the optional REC B output installed or not but will not be relevant without it The REC B prompt is the same as the REC A prompt except it sets up the optional REC B output Note that you can select yet another mode for REC B or you may select the same mode as REC A You can also set a different range and different output voltage or current see Chapter 7 for changing the outputs Several voltage and current output ranges are allowable At the prompt ALARM you can set up the optional alarms You can have a HIGH ALARM and a LOW ALARM for each channel You can program the alarms to trip on pre set values in any mode listed in Table 4 1 above This setting is independent of the setting for analog output mode described above User Programming 4 7 11 1 89 ALARM cont Cs The high alarm should be set to a high value within the set output range for which you want the high alarm relay to trip The low alarm should be set to a low value within the set output range for which you want the low alarm relay to trip More information about using and connecting the alarm relays can be found in Chapter 6 Using Optional Alarms and Summary of I O Connections Also refer to Example C on page 4 25 The following two
95. en defective for warranty to be valid The instrument must be returned with transportation charges prepaid by the owner This warranty is effective with respect to the following One year for electronic failures One year for mechanical failures shorts or opens to the sensing probes e Six months for calibration of the sensing probes If damage is determined to have been caused by misuse or abnormal conditions of operation the owner will be notified and repairs will be billed at standard rates after approval If any fault develops the following steps should be taken 1 Notify us giving full details of the difficulty and providing the model and serial number for the instrument On receipt of this information we will give you service data or shipping instructions 2 On receipt of your shipping instructions send the instrument prepaid or as directed to the factory or to the authorized repair station indicated on the instructions 3 If damage has been caused by misuse abnormal conditions or if the warranty has expired an estimate will be made and provided upon request before repairs are started vii 11 1 89 El Maintenance Policy If you require maintenance or believe you need service for your Panametrics product or Panametrics based instrumentation system call your local office as listed on the following page Our applications and service engineering staff will assist you to determine the best course of action
96. enter NC1 3 You will subsequently get three sets of prompts beginning with Enter temperature values for CT prompts and equivalent saturation values for CS Prompt Temperature Prompt Values CTO 20 C CSO 101 CTI 30 C CS1 179 CT2 40 C CS2 317 The new parameters will take effect as soon as you return to the operating mode The programming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in the flow diagram Note You will not get the CS option unless you have chosen mode 4 for MODE User Programming 4 27 11 1 89 KEY IN 1 2 3 ENT TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY CODE PROG ENT CHAN ENT CHN X RUB KEY IN 6 ENT CHN 6 ENT MODE ENT MDn x RUB KEY IN 4 ENT MDN 4 ENT REC A RUB REC B RUB ALARM RUB CS ENT NC6 X RUB KEY IN 3 ENT NC6 3 ENT ENT X C RUB KEY IN THE FIRST CTO VALUE ON THE TABLE For this example we will use the table of values on the previous page ENT 20 0 ENT CS0 XXXX RUB EY IN THE FIRST CSO ALUE ON THE TABLE ENT CSO 101 ENT CT1 ENT KEY IN THE SECOND CT1 VALUE ON THE TABLE ENT Repeat for CT
97. ers The most important fact to recognize is that for a particular dew point there is one and only one equivalent vapor pressure Note The calibration of GE Panametrics moisture probes is based on the vapor pressure of liquid water above 0 C and frost below 0 C GE Panametrics moisture probes are never calibrated with supercooled water Caution is advised when comparing dew points measured with a GE Panametrics hygrometer to those measured with a mirror type hygrometer since such instruments may provide the dew points of supercooled water As stated above the dew frost point of a system defines a unique partial pressure of water vapor in the gas Table A 1 on page A 15 which lists water vapor pressure as a function of dew point can be used to find either the saturation water vapor pressure at a known temperature or the water vapor pressure at a specified dew point In addition all definitions involving humidity can then be expressed in terms of the water vapor pressure The following symbols and units are used in the equations that are presented in the next few sections RH relative humidity Ty temperature K C 273 Tp temperature R F 460 PPM parts per million by volume e PPM parts per million by weight M molecular weight of water 18 molecular weight of carrier gas saturation vapor pressure of water at the prevailing temperature mm of Hg Py water vapor p
98. es Note Proper moisture cables are critical for instrument accuracy If possible always use Panametrics supplied cables If you must modify cables or use cables other than Panametrics be sure to follow all guidelines in Chapter 6 Moisture Cable Considerations Panametrics guarantees specified moisture measurement accuracy only with Panametrics moisture cables Moisture Probe Connections eoocoo Shield 1 Ground Green 2 Moisture Red 3 Moisture White 4 Temperature Black 5 Temperature Figure 2 6 Connecting the Moisture Probe Cable Getting Started 2 3 11 1 89 Connecting a Moisture Probe cont At this time locate the calibration data sheet All moisture probes are shipped with calibration data sheets one for each probe packed in the probe case behind the foam packing in the case lid An example of a probe calibration data sheet is shown in Figure 2 7 below PANAMETRICS INC 221 Crescent St Waltham MA 02453 m Tel 781 889 2719 TLX 951006 FAX 781 894 8582 Moisture Sensor Calibration Data Sheet for use with SYSTEM I II or 250 Probe Serial Number Calibrated on Probe Part Number Sales Order Number XXXXXX August 09 1988 M2LRTZ PCI 47754 02 For use with Instrument SN On Channel number Dew Dew ND Point MH Point Number Deg C Reading Deg F D M D 110 2632 166 100 2703 148 90 80
99. ess you specify otherwise System 2 hygrometers are shipped from the factory ready to measure dew frost point temperature on channel 1 and are calibrated to work with the companion probe Other channels will generally have no calibration data and will not be accessible unless programmed with calibration data In this section we give an example of how to make a basic dew frost point temperature measurement You will have to connect a Panametrics Type M or MT moisture probe and probe cable supplied for this example Note Each moisture probe must be used on the channel where probe calibration data is stored If you have more than one probe you can verify which probe is the correct one in several ways First you can check the probe calibration data sheet see Figure 2 7 for the serial number and for the channel of the hygrometer on which that probe was calibrated If you still are not sure you can check that the probe serial number programmed into the machine corresponds to the number on the probe Refer to the remainder of this section and to Chapter 4 for information on checking probe calibration Also appearing in this section are examples of how to make each of the other five standard measurements as well as the diagnostic MH reading see Chapter 5 Other Measurements Getting Started 2 1 11 1 89 Connecting a Moisture Probe Examine the back of the System 2 The rear cover is secured by a pair of screws on the left han
100. essure changes the measurement response time is very slow the dew point changes as the fluid temperature changes the dew point changes as the fluid flow rate changes A 2 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Moisture Monitor Hints cont Pressure Response Time GE Panametrics hygrometers measure only water vapor pressure In addition the instrument has a very rapid response time and it is not affected by changes in fluid temperature or fluid flow rate If any of the above situations occur then they are almost always caused by a defect in the sample system The moisture sensor itself can not lead to such problems GE Panametrics hygrometers can accurately measure dew points under pressure conditions ranging from vacuums as low as a few microns of mercury up to pressures of 5000 psig The calibration data supplied with the moisture probe is directly applicable over this entire pressure range without correction Note Although the moisture probe calibration data is supplied as meter reading vs dew point it is important to remember that the moisture probe responds only to water vapor pressure When a gas is compressed the partial pressures of all the gaseous components are proportionally increased Conversely when a gas expands the partial pressures of the gaseous components are proportionally decreased Therefore increasing the pressure on a closed aqueous system will increase the vapor pressu
101. ete Ee ete os ca 9 1 Configuration Ae aes ed ie Ep RASA 9 1 Parameters escasez eigen M eau e eR ER e eue Myo o eu e o 9 1 ue toe petas etn de HERS ree 9 3 Display ua mene gel He ER qua WERE SA ue 9 3 RP Y Dew ihe tater DE eben 9 3 Cable eere Ree striae ae irte PR eue Eat Smeg teu 9 3 Outputs cbf ee Se ee eS See ea eS 9 4 Miscellaneous Oe CATH etc de d tse ea a 9 5 Dimensions and Weights 0 0 0 cece cece e nes 9 5 Probe Specifications de ew ode agatha Mees ode ge bU dE S dew G 9 6 Moisture Probet ci nes spoke n ue eu Ge Sheree Sh oe wd 9 6 Xii 11 1 89 HEEL Table of Contents cont Appendix A Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E Introductions ds a eR asd RU Ue ue ENS 1 Moisture Monitor e 2 luc ju dae eee ele ed GEES Coes See M A 3 Response Time yt ie See ate chee be medida elei s IS en EM al SES A 3 Temperat t eee hese epp dese PWS Sea Wie CR Vai NEUES A 4 utes BOA orient e A 4 Contaminants Eh See ee Bee ee A 5 Non Conductive Particulates eee ccc cece eens
102. ges press lt RUB gt and you will be back to the first prompt in CALIB which is CHAN If you do not need to go back and check your entries or make any changes press ENT and you will be asked if you wish to enter the next subroutine You can find examples of setting up each selection option in the subroutine in Fast Response Option on page 4 42 User Programming 4 13 11 1 89 The TEST Subroutine CHAN REC A REC B Selections in the TEST subroutine allow you to perform certain diagnostic tests While we will cover these steps in the following paragraphs we recommend you contact Panametrics if you need to do diagnostic troubleshooting requiring the use of the TEST subroutine Our technical personnel will then talk you through the procedures The TEST subroutine contains the following selections CHAN REC A REC B ALA RM DVM DONE At the prompt CHAN you can check or change the channel number to be tested by pressing lt ENT gt see Chapter 1 The display changes to CHN n where is a number from 1 to 6 that represents the current channel number You can accept the current channel value by pressing lt ENT gt lt ENT gt To change the value press lt RUB gt followed by the new channel number followed by lt ENT gt lt ENT gt The second prompt REC A allows you to test the analog output and any devices su
103. gure 5 15 The prefix IG identifies Ideal Gas and the suffix LMM identifies pounds of water per million standard cubic feet IG1 285 5 LMN Figure 5 15 Display of MMSCF an Ideal Gas 5 12 Other Measurements Chapter 6 Installation Introduction io eee eee eee eae eee 6 1 Initial INSPCCHON yi aco ec never duckie RR c aci re x e Qe Dv c aD Qe t 6 1 Site Preparatloh sepes ova aco 6 2 AC Power and 6 5 Optional Battery Pack 6 7 Moisture Temperature Probe Considerations 6 8 Moisture Cable Considerations 6 12 Intrinsic Safely At ae RARE 6 14 Installing a Pressure Transmitter 6 14 Using a Recorder we 6 15 Using Optional Alarms 6 16 Optional Digital Interface 6 17 The Instrument Program 6 21 Recommended Spare 6 22 11 1 89 Introduction In Chapter 2 we demonstrated how to quickly get the System 2 up and running More than likely however you will install the System 2 as part of a complex process system In such an environment the probes and the System 2 may be subjected to environmental hazards such as tempe
104. he front panel power switch if a line cord was not factory connected please go to Chapter 6 AC Power and Grounding and connect the line cord now A few seconds after you turn power on the following message will appear indicating the instrument program number installed in the System 2 RBP NNN L This will be displayed for 15 20 seconds The instrument program number is important to know If you call us for technical assistance we may ask you for this number The instrument program number is displayed each time the hygrometer is powered up and reset See Chapter 6 for additional information on the Instrument Program After approximately 10 seconds the message will change to AUTO CAL indicating that the System 2 is going through its auto calibration function This also takes approximately 15 20 seconds followed by the 10 second message SYSTEM 2 which is followed by a display of a measurement parameter The next display message depends on the mode in which the System2 was last used If the display is showing DP1 XXX C or 1 where XXX is the dew frost point temperature value then your hygrometer is reading dew frost point temperature Getting Started 2 5 11 1 89 Up and Running cont If the display shows ERROR or anything other than a dew frost point temperature reading press the following keys in the sequence shown in Figure 2 8 below
105. ic moisture on the sensor will react with the corrosive fluid to cause pitting or corrosion of the sensor 3 The sample system must be purged with a dry inert gas such as nitrogen or argon prior to removal of the moisture probe Any adsorbed corrosive fluid on the sensor will react with ambient moisture to cause pitting or corrosion of the sensor 4 Operate the sample system at the lowest possible gas pressure Using the precautions listed above the hygrometer has been used to successfully measure the moisture content in such fluids as hydrochloric acid sulfur dioxide chlorine and bromine Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 9 2003 Materials of Construction M1 and M2 Sensors Electrical Connector Sensor Element Back Wire Contact Wire Front Wire Support Pins Glass Shell O Ring Threaded Fitting O Ring Cage Shield 99 99 aluminum aluminum oxide gold Nichrome A6 316 stainless steel gold 304 stainless steel 316 stainless steel Glass Corning 9010 Al 152 Alloy 52 Ni Corning 9010 304L stainless steel silicone rubber 304 stainless steel Viton A 308 stainless steel 304 stainless steel Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Calculations and Useful Formulas in Gas Applications Nomenclature A knowledge of the dew point of a system enables one to calculate all other moisture measurement paramet
106. id by a Henry s Law type analysis A specific example of such an analysis is shown below For liquids in which a Henry s Law type analysis is applicable the parts per million by weight of water in the organic liquid is equal to the partial pressure of water vapor times a constant PPMy Kx Py a where K is the Henry s Law constant in the appropriate units and the other variables are as defined on page A 11 A 22 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 IS Henry s Law Analysis cont Also the value of K is determined from the known water saturation concentration of the organic liquid at the measurement temperature Saturation PPM x E o S For a mixture of organic liquids an average saturation value can be calculated from the weight fractions and saturation values of the pure components as follows Ave Cg X 1 1 where is the weight fraction of the component Cs is the saturation concentration PPM y of the component and n is the total number of components In conclusion the Henry s Law constant K is a constant of proportionality between the saturation concentration Cs and the saturation vapor pressure Ps of water at the measurement temperature In the General Case the Henry s Law constant varies with the measurement temperature but there is a Special Case in which the Henry s Law constant does not vary appreciab
107. igure 6 11 but the contacts will change state alarm when the monitored variable goes below a fixed reference Alarm trip points are not set at the factory unless you requested it in your order You may set alarm trip points in the User Program as outlined in Chapter 4 Alarm connection information can be found in Chapter 7 Summary of Connections 6 16 Installation 11 1 89 Optional Digital The optional No 5 UART card see Figure 6 13 below provides the Interface U ART System 2 with a serial interface for a printer a terminal or a computer This section describes the UART option including the following Serial Interface Connections Baud Rate Selection Data Communication Equipment DCE Data Transfer Equipment DTE Configuration UART Cable D Connector Pin Designations Remote Display Remote Control Serial Data Character Format Baud Rate Selector RS232C Cable 704 126 02 D Connector RS232C Figure 6 13 No 5 UART Card Installation 11 1 89 Serial Interface Connections Remote Display The 704 126 02 cable assembly is provided with the UART Card enabling serial interface operation Connect the cable assembly to J502 as shown in Figure 6 14 on the next page 25 pin D connector is provided at the end of UART cable 704 126 02 for connection to the desired remote equipment Table 6 1 below specifies the D connector pin assignment and signal description for D
108. ing MMSCF in natural gas is a Natural Gas function of the dew point and the pressure of the gas The calculations take into account the non ideality of natural gas under high pressure through the use of compressibility factors Note Panametrics table number H 139E available upon request gives Z MMSCF values in natural gas as would be calculated by the System 2 Hygrometer for dew points between 80 C and 20 C and pressures between 0 PSIG and 3000 PSIG Note that the actual range of calculations made by your hygrometer depends on the version of software it is using To select Mode 8 as the Major Mode for a channel select 8 in answer to the mode prompt MDnzX The display for Mode 8 in the Operate Mode is shown in Figure 5 14 The prefix RG identifies Real Gas and the suffix LMM identifies pounds of water per million standard cubic feet RG1 z 290 LMN Figure 5 14 Display of MMSCF in Natural Gas Real Gas Other Measurements 5 11 11 1 89 Mode 9 MMSCF inan Instrument Program for calculating MMSCF in an Ideal Gas is Ideal Gas a function of the dew point and the pressure of the gas The formula is P 6 IG x 10 P 2LI where P partial pressure of water vapor measured by the moisture probe and P total pressure To select Mode 9 as the major Mode for a channel select 9 in answer to the mode prompt MDn X The display for Mode 9 in the operate mode will be as shown in Fi
109. is found on the EPROM labels see Figure 3 3 and is also displayed when you turn on a System 2 when you exit the the program mode see Chapter 4 any time you activate the reset switch see Chapter 7 The instrument program number is of the form RBP NNN L where RBP Rack Bench Panel model type NNN the program number signifying major updates L the revision letter signifying minor updates INSTRUMENT PROGRAM EPROMS Figure 6 15 Memory Card No 24 Showing Location of EPROMs Installation 6 21 11 1 89 Recommended Spare Parts Power Supply Group Plug in Cards Miscellaneous Note The following parts listed are for all available standard options When ordering spares select parts consistent with the options in your hygrometer Part Number 703 685 A193 025 A193 018 703 628 703 628 01 703 628 02 705 652 703 161 03 161 01 703 161 02 703 619 703 622 703 623 704 126 704 126 01 704 126 02 703 624 703 625 703 625 01 703 625 02 703 765 703 644 703 678 703 668 703 653 703 653 01 703 653 02 Transformer Board Fuse 1 4 A for 100 120V Fuse 1 8 A for 220 240V 10 Power Supply Power Pak 3 AC Operation Only AC and Battery Option Battery Pak 2 AC Adapter For Battery Powered Units 100 120 Volt Operation 220 240 Volt Operation 1 Processor Card 4 Voltmeter Card 5 UART Card Connector Cables for use with the 5 UAR
110. is in proper calibration A trained laboratory technician should determine if all electrically conductive compounds have been removed from the aluminum oxide sensor and that the probe is properly calibrated Probes which are not in proper calibration must be recalibrated It is recommended that all moisture probes be recalibrated by GE Panametrics approximately once a year regardless of the probe s condition Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Corrosive Gases And Liquids GE Panametrics M Series Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensors have been designed to minimize the affect of corrosive gases and liquids As indicated in the Materials of Construction section of this appendix no copper solder or epoxy is used in the construction of these sensors The moisture content of corrosive gases such as HS 50 cyanide containing gases acetic acid vapors etc can be measured directly Note Since the active sensor is aluminum any fluid which corrodes aluminum will affect the sensor s performance By observing the following precautions the moisture probe may be used successfully and economically 1 The moisture content of the corrosive fluid must be 10 PPMv or less at 1 atmosphere or the concentration of the corrosive fluid must be 10 PPMv or less at 1 atmosphere 2 The sample system must be pre dried with a dry inert gas such as nitrogen or argon prior to introduction of the fluid stream Any adsorbed atmospher
111. known 1 Using a straightedge connect the known K value on the center scale with the dew frost point as measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer Read moisture content PPM where the straightedge crosses the scale on the left Typical Problems 1 Find the moisture content in benzene at an ambient temperature of 30 C if a dew point of 0 is measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer a From the literature it is found that for benzene at a temperature of 30 C is 870 PPM y Using a straightedge on Figure 2 on page A 32 connect the 870 PPMy saturation concentration with the 30 C ambient temperature and read the Henry s Law Constant of 27 4 on the center scale Using the straightedge connect the above K value of 27 4 with the measured dew point of 0 C and read the correct moisture content of 125 PPM yw where the straightedge crosses the moisture content scale 2 Find the moisture content in heptane at an ambient temperature of 50 C if a dew point of 3 C is measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer a From the literature it is found that for heptane at a temperature of 50 is 480 PPM Using a straightedge on Figure A 2 on page A 32 connect the 480 PPM saturation concentration with the 50 C ambient temperature and read the Henry s Law Constant of 5 2 on the center scale Using the straightedge connect the above K value of 5 2 with the measured
112. le you should choose to use a temperature probe for input however for other measurements it may be sufficient or expedient to simply set temperature to a constant You will find an example of how to set temperature to a constant in Example I on page 4 37 At the next prompt PRESS you are asked to enter two data points for the pressure transmitter You may use any linear 4 20 mA pressure transmitter with the System 2 Panametrics recommends that you purchase our pressure transmitter with the hygrometer since we will then be able to test it for you atthe factory The calibration factors will also be installed for you If you do not use a factory supplied pressure transmitter or choose to add one later you will have to enter pressure transmitter calibration data first To enter pressure transmitter calibration data at the prompt PRESS enter PO a low scale pressure value and then enter a precise 4 digit value for the loop current PHO at that pressure Then enter P1 a high scale pressure value and the equivalentcurrent 1 at that pressure The pressure readings will then be accurate to four places within the linearity limits of the device You can also enter pressure as a constant An example of setting pressure to a constant can be found in Example J on page 4 39 4 12 User Programming 11 1 89 DONE The final prompt in the CALIB subroutine is DONE If you wish to review your entries or make any chan
113. ll impair performance 3 If you must splice cables be sure the splice introduces minimum resistive leakage or capacitive coupling between conductors 4 Carry the shield through any splice A common mistake is to not connect the shields over the splice If a Panametrics cable is used by removing the connector the shield will not be accessible without cutting back the insulation Also do not ground the shield at both ends The shield should only be grounded at the hygrometer end TB1901 pin 1 See Chapter 7 for cable connection information You can check the cable by measuring its MH Check the MH of the cable by disconnecting the probe and using the System 2 MH function see page 5 9 The MH for a cable with no probe connected should be zero that is MH 0000 This is a sufficient test to be sure that your cable is not introducing errors in the dew frost point temperature measurement If you do get a small error you can determine its effect on the measurement accuracy by referring to the probe calibration sheet of the probe you will be using with that cable see page 2 2 Note that the effect of this error will depend on the temperature since a probe calibration curve is not linear 6 12 Installation 11 1 89 Moisture Cable Considerations cont For example using the sample calibration sheet in Figure 2 7 on page 2 4 we see that the calibration extends from 110 C to 20 C the standard probe operating range At
114. lt RUB gt and you will be back to the first prompt in CONT which is HLREF If you do not need to go back and check your entries or make any changes press lt ENT gt and you will be asked if you wish to return RET to the operating mode To return to the operating mode press lt ENT gt at the prompt RET If you do not wish to return to the operate mode but would rather stay in the programming mode press RUB at the RET prompt This will return you to the PROG prompt see Figure 4 3 on page 4 5 User Programming 11 1 89 Programming Examples List of Programming Examples Examples are provided for each option of the PROG and subroutines We recommend that you perform these examples to gain familiarity with the user programming feature of the System 2 hygrometer For the following examples you are instructed to use channel 6 This probe setup channel is generally not used so entering or changing existing values on channel 6 will not affect the operation of your hygrometer You can leave the setup examples in the hygrometer and recall them at any later time Note Do not change data already entered on channel 1 Use channel 6 for all examples Caution You cannot damage the hygrometer by altering the user program however changing values will affect the operating characteristics of the hygrometer Before you change any previously programmed parameters we recommend you make a n
115. lute amount of change in resolution varies for different measurement points and for different probes however the relative amount is shown in Table 3 2 As you would expect smaller moisture values given as MH in the table get increased resolution in three steps Table 3 2 Auto Ranging Steps mange MH Range Increase in Resolution Std gt 0 54 lt 4 5 High gt 4 5 The only disadvantage to having auto ranging enabled is an increased processing time between 2 and 14 seconds per measurement This is usually not a problem in moisture measurements however since the process time constant is almost always well in excess of those values Therefore auto ranging is generally enabled Operation 3 5 11 1 89 System 2 Error Processing Cal Errors Two types of errors are monitored Cal Errors The system does not successfully complete an Auto Cal Range Errors The value to be displayed is out of range or is dependent upon a value that is out of range During auto cal if an error is detected which indicates an electronic error an error flag will be set This will cause the display to flash the message CAL ERROR for 20 seconds the recorder outputs for this channel to go either high or low as described below the alarms relays to be activated The System 2 will then continue calibration and begin operating as usual after calibration is completed If you attempt to display data
116. ly with the measurement temperature This special case applies to saturated straight chain hydrocarbons such as pentane hexane heptane etc A General Case Determination of Moisture Content if Cg is Known The nomograph for liquids in Figure A 2 on page 32 can be used to determine the moisture content in an organic liquid if the following values are known the temperature of the liquid at the time of measurement the saturation water concentration at the measurement temperature the dew point as measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 23 2003 B A General Case cont Complete the following steps to determine the moisture content from the nomograph 1 Using a straightedge on the two scales on the right of the figure connect the known saturation concentration PPMw with the measurement temperature C 2 Read the Henry s Law constant K on the center scale 3 Using a straightedge connect above K value with the dew frost point as measured with the Panametrics hygrometer 4 Read the moisture content PPM where the straight edge crosses the moisture content scale Empirical Determination of K and Cg If the values of K and Cg are not known the GE Panametrics hygrometer can be used to determine these values In fact only one of the values is required to determine PPMy from the nomograph in Figure 2 on page 32 To perfor
117. m such an analysis proceed as follows 1 Obtain a sample of the test solution with a known water content or perform a Karl Fischer titration on a sample of the test stream to determine the PPMw of water Note The Karl Fischer analysis involves titrating the test sample against a special Karl Fischer reagent until an endpoint is reached 2 Measure the dew point of the known sample with the GE Panametrics hygrometer 3 Measure the temperature C of the test solution 4 Using a straightedge connect the moisture content PPMw with the measured dew point and read the K value on the center scale 5 Using a straightedge connect the above K value with the measured temperature of the test solution and read the saturation concentration PPM y Note Since the values of K and vary with temperature the hygrometer measurement and the test sample analysis must be done at the same temperature If the moisture probe temperature is expected to vary the test should be performed at more than one temperature A 24 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Special Case As mentioned earlier saturated straight chain hydrocarbons represent a special case where the Henry s Law constant does not vary appreciably with temperature In such cases use the nomograph for liquids in Figure A 2 on page A 32 to complete the analysis Determination of moisture content if the Henry s Law constant K is
118. mall size makes it ideal for measuring moisture conditions within completely sealed containers or dry boxes It will also provide satisfactory use under gas flow conditions as high as 10 000 cm sec Refer to the tables for maximum flow rates in gases and liquids in Appendix A 6 8 Installation 11 1 89 Environmental d Pressure Precautions cont Sensor output is precisely related to the water vapor pressure regardless of total ambient pressure without the need for a correction coefficient Water vapor measurements can be made under vacuum or high pressure conditions from as little as a few microns Hg to as high as 5000 psi total pressure e Long Term Storage amp Operational Stability The sensors are designed to provide long term stability in both use and storage Sensors continuously operated and cycled over wide humidity changes for 5 000 hours show no significant drift from original calibration values Sensors are not affected by continuous abrupt humidity changes or damaged by exposure to saturation conditions f Freedom from Interference The sensor is completely unaffected by the presence of a wide variety of gases or organic liquids Large concentrations of hydrocarbon gases freons ozone carbon dioxide carbon monoxide and hydrogen have no effect on sensor water vapor indications The sensor will operate properly in either gaseous or non conductive liquid environments g Mounting Moisture Temperature pr
119. n 100 E x 100 Cs Ps Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 27 2003 E Empirical Calibrations For those liquids in which a Henry s Law type analysis is not applicable the absolute moisture content is best determined by empirical calibration A Henry s Law type analysis is generally not applicable for the following classes of liquids liquids with a high saturation value 2 by weight of water greater e liquids such as dioxane that are completely miscible with water liquids such as isopropyl alcohol that are conductive For such liquids measurements of the hygrometer dew point readings for solutions of various known water concentrations must be performed Such a calibration can be conducted in either of two ways perform a Karl Fischer analysis on several unknown test samples of different water content prepare a series of known test samples via the addition of water to a quantity of dry liquid In the latter case it is important to be sure that the solutions have reached equilibrium before proceeding with the dew point measurements Note Karl Fisher analysis is a method for measuring trace quantities of water by titrating the test sample against a special Karl Fischer reagent until a color change from yellow to brown or a change in potential indicates that the end point has been reached Either of the empirical calibration techniques described above can be conducted using a
120. n lumax com tw United Kingdom Unit 2 Villiers Court 40 Upper Mulgrave Road Cheam Surrey SM2 7AJ England Telephone 020 8643 5150 Fax 020 8643 4225 E mail uksales panametrics ie
121. n apparatus equivalent to that shown in Figure A 3 on page 33 The apparatus pictured can be used for both the Karl Fischer titrations of unknown test samples and the preparation of test samples with known moisture content Procedures for both of these techniques are presented below A 28 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 A Instructions for Karl To perform a Karl Fisher analysis use the apparatus in Figure A 3 on Fischer Analysis page A 33 and complete the following steps 1 Fill the glass bottle completely with the sample liquid 2 Close both valves and turn on the magnetic stirrer 3 Permit sufficient time for the entire test apparatus and the sample liquid to reach equilibrium with the ambient temperature Turn on the hygrometer and monitor the dew point reading When a stable dew point reading indicates that equilibrium has been reached record the reading Insert a syringe through the rubber septum and withdraw a fluid sample for Karl Fischer analysis Record the actual moisture content of the sample Open the exhaust valve Open the inlet valve and increase the moisture content of the sample by bubbling wet through the liquid or decrease the moisture content by bubbling dry through the liquid When the hygrometer reading indicates the approximate moisture content expected close both valves Repeat steps 3 8 until samples with several different moisture conte
122. ndard and a second one is optional Outputs can be any of several different switch selectable voltage or current ranges see Chapter 7 Summary of Connections The System 2 can also be equipped with an optional digital output and optional high and low alarms The optional alarms can be preset to trip anywhere within the output range Adjustments to the output functions such as Zero and Span and alarm trip points can be made at any time by User Programming a feature that is discussed in detail later in this manual While User Program setup parameters can be changed they are kept in the System 2 memory until you change them so the operating characteristics are always retained System 2 Basics and Options 1 1 11 1 89 Features and Capabilities cont System 2 Packages The System 2 is ideal for survey applications since it can be supplied with a battery pack for portable operation Survey application is also facilitated by the availability of up to six channels of setup parameters Thus specific data corresponding to as many as six different setup sites may be entered into the System 2 memory and recalled at any time by pressing a button This feature is especially useful when moisture probes are permanently mounted in the process system and cannot be moved from site You may then move the hygrometer connect the probe cable to another probe call up the channel containing calibration data for that probe and immediatel
123. ng 12 75 radius ETT 2 Weight approx 125 without batteries MN 13 21 HINGE SIDE ia H L a E Figure 6 2 Bench Mount Installation and Outline Dimensions Installation 6 3 11 1 89 Site Preparation cont 250 DIA 14 0 1520 4 HOLES MOUNTING DETAL SCALE NONE SYSTEM 1 1 Front panel opening 12 75 radius 2 Weight approx 125 without batteries Figure 6 3 Panel Mount Installation and Outline Dimensions 6 4 Installation 11 1 89 AC Power and Grounding The System 2 operates on 110 120 VAC or 220 240 VAC factory jumpered In addition the System 2 can be powered with an optional battery pack see Optional Battery Pack on page 6 7 Make sure that only fuses with the required current rate of the specified type are used for replacement If power is cycled on and off using the ON OFF switch allow 10 seconds between the OFF and ON operations to ensure complete reset and warm up of the system Instruments sold in the U S A are designed for standard 120 VAC 60 Hz outlets and have a third wire grounding plug Do not attempt to defeat the grounding Every effort is made to deliver instruments sold outside of the United States with the appropriate line jumper configuration and AC plug Verify this before applying power refer to Figure 6 5 on the next page A Remove ONLY these two screws to open
124. nts have been analyzed Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 29 2003 E B Instructions for Note This procedure is only for liquids that are highly miscible with Preparing Known water Excessive equilibrium times would be required with Samples less miscible liquids To prepare samples of known moisture content use the apparatus in Figure A 3 on page A 33 and complete the following steps Weigh the dry empty apparatus Fill the glass bottle with the sample liquid 1 2 3 Open both valves and turn on the magnetic stirrer 4 While monitoring the dew point reading with the hygrometer bubble dry N through the liquid until the dew point stabilizes at some minimum value 5 Turn off the N supply and close both valves 6 Weigh the apparatus including the liquid and calculate the sample weight by subtracting the step 1 weight from this weight 7 Insert a syringe through the rubber septum and add a known weight of H5O to the sample Continue stirring until the water is completely dissolved in the liquid 8 Record the dew point indicated by the hygrometer and calculate the moisture content as follows weight of water 6 PPM 5 W total weight of liquid 9 Repeat steps 6 8 until samples with several different moisture contents have been analyzed Note The accuracy of this technique can be checked at any point by withdrawing a sample and performing a Karl Fische
125. o change are the displayed parameters the output parameter and setpoint on which alarms will trip User Programming also allows you to select only the types of probes you need eliminating unnecessary processing time and to set the conditions for automatic procedures such as periodic auto calibration or error handling Although you may never need to reprogram the System 2 we ship all System 2 hygrometers whether new units or repairs fully programmed and ready to use this capability can be extremely useful and is invaluable in troubleshooting Accessing the User You can modify the user program directly from the front panel or if Program desired by remote via a separate computer terminal To use a separate computer terminal you will need an optional No 5 UART card For more information on using a remote terminal or computer with the System 2 see Chapter 6 The front panel keypad and display allows access and reprogramming of any available function However since changes to the User Program can affect the operation and or the calibration of the hygrometer a lockout switch prevents unauthorized access to this feature User Programming 4 1 11 1 89 How to Program the System 2 First turn off the programming lockout switch You cannot enter the user program unless the programming lockout switch is off The programming lockout switch is located on the rear side of the front panel To gain access to the switch unlo
126. obes are available for either an M2 standard mount where operating pressure is up to 5 000 psig or an M1 optional mount for applications where operating pressures will not exceed 75 psig R shield Ei 100 micron O ring 4875 porosity 12 26 9888 ID 110 Ye 2 38 dia Connector equivalent to Bendix 8 4 Viton A M2 Sensor Sr R shield O ring 3 19 05 ID Yoo 2 38 dia Connector equivalent to Bendix PTIH 8 4P Viton A Figure 6 8 Moisture Temperature Probe Mountings Installation 6 9 11 1 89 Environmental Precautions cont With the correct cable probes may be remotely located at distances of up to 4 000 feet We recommend that only Panametrics moisture probe cables be used Caution Should connectors be removed from the cable it is imperative that when reinstalled the original continuity of shielding be maintained An incorrectly shielded cable will cause serious instrument errors Normal environmental precautions must be taken with cables to protect them from physical abuse and temperatures above 65 C or below 50 C Standard cables with connectors attached may be ordered from Panametrics in any length of up to 4 000 feet Carefully mount type M1 optional probes with three bolts so that the O ring compresses enough to seal the joint For M2 standard probes screw the probe into the receptacle fitting until hand tight taking care not to cross the threads Then tighten it down secu
127. on 703 653 we AMBIENT TEMP MOISTURE 2 SENSOR alne Dias ALARM 2 4 Djaz Jaran 1 1 1781903 6 PRESSURE 5 a ap o fee 1 TH1902 Figure 7 1 Connections to the No 19 I O Board Summary by Terminal Block TB1901 1 GROUND Shield 2 MOISTURE Green 3 MOISTURE Red 4 TEMPERATURE White 5 TEMPERATURE Black 6 Not Used 7 Not Used 8 Not Used 9 Not Used TB1902 1 ANALOG OUTPUT A 2 ANALOG OUTPUT A 3 ANALOG OUTPUT 4 ANALOG OUTPUT 3 PRESSURE 20 mA loop Current in 6 PRESSURE 20 mA loop gt Current out TB1903 1 NC 2 ARM HIGH ALARM 3 NO Alarm 1 4 NC 5 ARM LOW ALARM 6 NO Alarm 2 7 2 Summary of Connections 11 1 89 Summary by Function Inputs MOISTURE PROBE TB1901 1 Shield Colors refer to standard Probe 2 Green Cable Panametrics part A5N4 3 Red Note The probe is a standard Panametrics type M1 or M2 with a 4 pin locking bayonet type connector Use with standard Panametrics Moisture Probe Cable A5N4 TEMPERATURE SENSOR OPTIONAL part of moisture probe TB1901 4 White Colors refer to standard Probe 5 Black Cable Panametrics part A5N4 The optional temperature sensor is part of the moisture probe Moisture probes with temperature measurement capability are the
128. on you select will determine which measurement parameters you will be able to display The System 2 will not allow you to select a display parameter unless all of the probes needed to measure that parameter are selected see Chapter 3 You may select any mode for which the necessary probe setup is available however you cannot select measurement modes for which the probe setup is not consistent Table 4 4 below shows which parameter modes you can display as a function of the User Program probe setup variable PRn Table 4 4 Parameter Displayed Versus Probe Setup Parameter Displayed Probe Parameter PRn 2 3 6 or 7 4 5 6 or 7 3or7 50r 7 3or7 1 3 5 or 7 Probe setup is a function of User Programming and is discussed at length in PROBE on page 4 10 You should carefully select the probe on the basis that 1 you must select a probe or combination of probes necessary to make the measurement or measurements you choose in the PROG subroutine and 2 the more probes you choose the longer the overall measuring time for each cycle Thus while PRn 7 which gives you all probes will work in all cases it may be inefficient and cause unnecessarily long measurement times An example of setting probes can be found in Example F on page 4 31 Note that in the example we instruct you to set PRn 7 This is a common procedure during troubleshooting and is also useful for performing the examples earlier in th
129. ontinued Aqueous Vapor Pressure Over Water Temp C 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 4 579 4 647 4 715 4 785 4 855 1 4 926 4 998 5 070 5 144 5 219 2 5 294 5 370 5 447 5 525 5 605 3 5 685 5 766 5 848 5 931 6 015 4 6 101 6 187 6 274 6 363 6 453 5 6 543 6 635 6 728 6 822 6 917 6 7 013 7 111 7 209 7 309 7411 7 7 513 7 617 7 122 7 828 7 936 8 8 045 8 155 8 267 8 380 8 494 9 8 609 8 727 8 845 8 965 9 086 10 9 209 9 333 9 458 9 585 9 714 11 9 844 9 976 10 109 10 244 10 380 12 10 518 10 658 10 799 10 941 11 085 13 11 231 11 379 11 528 11 680 11 833 14 11 987 12 144 12 302 12 462 12 624 15 12 788 12 953 13 121 13 290 13 461 16 13 634 13 809 13 987 14 166 14 347 17 14 530 14 715 14 903 15 092 15 284 18 15 477 15 673 15 871 16 071 16 272 19 16 477 16 685 16 894 17 105 17 319 20 17 535 17 753 17 974 18 197 18 422 21 18 650 18 880 19 113 19 349 19 587 22 19 827 20 070 20 316 20 565 20 815 23 21 068 21 324 21 583 21 845 22 110 24 22 377 22 648 22 922 23 198 23 476 25 23 756 24 039 24 326 24 617 24 912 26 25 209 25 509 25 812 26 117 26 426 27 26 739 27 055 27 374 27 696 28 021 28 28 349 28 680 29 015 29 354 29 697 29 30 043 30 392 30 745 31 102 31 461 30 31 824 32 191 32 561 32 934 33 312 31 33 695 34 082 34 471 34 864 35 261 32 35 663 36 068 36 477 36 891 37 308 33 37 729 38 155 38 584 39 018 39 457 34 39 898 40 344 40 796 41 251 41 710 35 42 175 42 644 43 117 43 595 44 078 36 44 563 45 054 45 549 46 050 46 556 37 47 067 47 582 48 102 48 627 4
130. ote of the original value or values Re enter the previously programmed parameters after you have completed the examples Setting the Major Mode to Dew Frost Point Temperature Setting Analog Output Zero and Span Setting Analog Output to 4 20 mA Setting the Alarm Trip Points Entering Cs Values for PPMw Entering KVn for PPMv Making Probe Setup ALL PROBES Enabling Auto range Entering Dew Frost Point Temperature Probe Calibration Setting Temperature to a Constant Setting Pressure to a Constant woo SOM MOA Ww gt 4 18 User Programming 11 1 89 Example A Setting the Major Mode governs the parameter for alarm mode 0 In this Major Mode to Dew example you will set the major mode for channel 6 to 1 dew frost Frost Point Temperature Point Set the Major Mode to dew frost point by entering the option MD1 1 in the PROG subroutine The programming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in the flow diagram The new parameter will take effect as soon as you return to the operating mode User Programming 4 19 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY KEY IN 1 2 3 ENT CODE PROG CALIB ENT RUB CHANT TEST CHINES CONT RUB KEY IN 6 RUB ENT RET CHN 6 ENT ENT INST PROG NO MODE ENT AUTO CAL MDn x RUB SYSTEM 2
131. ou reach ENT CHN 6 M013 NNNN ENT Where NNNN is the last MH value displayed PROBE ENT RUB TEMP AUT R ENT RUR PRESS DEWPT ENT ENT DONE PN6 XXXXXX ENT KEY IN THE PROBE TEST SERIAL PUB ENT PN6 NNNNNN CONT Where NNNNNN is the serial RUB number of the probe you are i RET ENT ND6 X INST PROG NO RUB KEY IN 14 AUTO CAL Corresponding to the 14 data points on the calibration sheet ENT D00 XX X C RUB enter the first data point OPERATE ENT M00 enter the MH value on the calibration sheet for that data point ENT SYSTEM 2 Figure 4 12 Example H Moisture Probe Calibration 4 36 User Programming 11 1 89 Example Setting Temperature to a Constant In this example we will set the temperature to 10 C Setting temperature to a constant is done instead of using a temperature probe In the CALIB subroutine select the CHAN option and at the prompt CHn erase the current value by pressing lt RUB gt and enter 6 Proceed to the TEMP option and at the prompt KT6 enter 1 Then at the TP6 prompt enter 10 The p
132. output to feed a peripheral data device such as a recorder or computer Recorder zero and span as well as output type voltage or current and range are not set at the factory unless you requested it in your order Zero and span are set in user programming as described and illustrated in Chapter 4 Example B Output type voltage or current and range is set by switch settings on card No 7 see Chapter 8 Recorder connection details can be found in Chapter 7 Summary of Connections See Figure 6 11 below for a typical wiring diagram DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM 0 2V CHART RECORDER 4 20 mA 090000 Figure 6 11 A Typical Wiring Diagram Installation 6 15 11 1 89 Using Optional Alarms You can order optional alarm relays one high alarm and low alarm per output The Form C high alarm relay contacts are shown symbolically in Figure 6 12 below Note Alarm relays are not available with battery powered units ALARM TERMINALS Figure 6 12 Form C Alarm Contact Circuit The high alarm relay contacts K1 will change state alarm when the monitored variable goes above a fixed reference The terminals marked A arm and NC normally closed provide a normally closed conductive path which will open on alarm The terminals marked A and NO normally open provide a normally open path which will close on alarm The contacts for the Low Alarm K2 are also shown in F
133. perature pressure PPM PPM and RH Note that data is for overall system using standard probes See separate electronic and probe specifications for additional details Dew Frost Point Ranges 110 C to 20 C standard Temperature 110 C to 60 C optional Measurement Accuracy 2 C from 65 C to 60 C 3 C from 110 C to 66 C Repeatability 0 5 C from 65 C to 60 C 1 0 from 110 C to 66 C Note outputs are available in C or F Specifications 9 1 11 1 89 Pressure Measurement Temperature Measurement Other Moisture Parameters Two Optional Special Modes Standard Transmitter Range 0 to 3000 psig in four subranges Accuracy 0 20 of Span Explosion Proof Transmitter Range 0 to 3000 psig in four subranges Accuracy 40 596 of Span Range 30 C to 70 C Accuracy 0 5 C Note outputs available in C or F Calculated using moisture and temperature or pressure inputs Parts Per Million by Volume PPM Parts Per Million by Weight PPM Relative Humidity RH Non standard measurements such as Pounds of Water per Million Cubic Feet HMMSCEF Contact Panametrics for availability of other special measuring modes 9 2 Specifications 11 1 89 Calibration Display Inputs Capability A D Resolution Moisture Sensor Probe Temperature Sensor Probe Pressure Sensor Transmitter Cable Length Auto calibration occurs at po
134. preliminary calculations regular Mode 1 dew point is displayed with the equal sign replaced by the asterisk Figure 4 16A When the extrapolated moisture level has been determined it is displayed and the asterisk is replaced by the equal sign Figure 4 16B Thereafter the system will continue the end point extrapolation at a much faster rate reflecting small changes in the final dew point value FP 20 1 C 1 70 1 A B Figure 4 16 Fast Dew Frost Point Display 4 42 User Programming 11 1 89 Mode 9 Fast Response Dew Point cont Mode 9 Fast Response PPM The system returns to showing an asterisk as the Mode 1 dew point reaches the extrapolation value A significant change in moisture level will also cause the system to return to the asterisk mode and restart the extrapolation calculations Accuracy of the extrapolation is within 2 C dew frost point temperature of the end point as measured by Mode 1 Range error limits for Mode 8 are identical to those of Mode 1 Therefore there are no Mode 8 range errors Notes on Operation 1 THE AUTO RANGE OPTION MUST BE ON The system will not function properly without automatic range switching 2 A reasonably constant dew point and flow rate are needed The minimum flow rate is one standard cubic foot per hour 3 The lower limit for Mode 8 extrapolation is 85 C Note The Fast Response Option should only be used in dry down conditions Up and
135. provides a quick introduction to the System 2 by getting you up and running without going into installation details By the end of this section you will know how to make desktop dew frost point measurements Chapter 3 Operation discusses how to interpret the readings on the display and includes a detailed description of display updating and error messages A table of display prefixes and units can also be found in this section 11 1 89 Chapter Summaries Part 1 Operating Instructions continued cont Chapter 4 User Programming gives you an overview of and introduction to System 2 user programming This section provides hands on descriptions of user programming operations with working programming examples and contains the User Programming Flow Diagram a complete overview of the User Program on a single page Chapter 5 Other Measurements describes how to make measurements other than dew frost point temperature The applicability of this section to your system will depend on what options you have available Part 2 Technical Instructions Read this part if you are installing or re configuring a System 2 Chapter 6 Installation contains information you will need to set up and run a System 2 in actual process environments Probe mounting and location are discussed as well as how to connect to alarms and recorders Chapter 7 Summary of Connections contains a complete synopsis of connection information with tables
136. r titration Be aware that this will change the total liquid weight in calculating the next point A 30 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 Additional Notes for Liquid Applications In addition to the topics already discussed the following general application notes pertain to the use of GE Panametrics moisture probes in liquid applications 1 All M Series Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensors can be used in either the gas phase or the liquid phase However for the detection of trace amounts of water in conductive liquids for which an empirical calibration is required the M2 Sensor is recommended Since a background signal is caused by the conductivity of the liquid between the sensor lead wires use of the M2 Sensor which has the shortest lead wires will result in the best sensitivity The calibration data supplied with GE Panametrics Moisture Probes is applicable to both liquid phase for those liquids in which a Henry s Law analysis is applicable and gas phase applications As indicated in Table A 3 on page A 19 the flow rate of the liquid is limited to a maximum of 10 cm sec Possible probe malfunctions and their remedies are discussed in the Troubleshooting chapter of this manual Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 31 2003 o N a gt p o0 g o e o e o N o 8 m o o 8 ar
137. rammed to display temperature on channel 6 override the pre programmed display mode by manually entering channel and mode from the front panel keypad with the key sequence shown in Figure 5 1 below Figure 5 1 Key Sequence to Read Temperature on Channel 6 Other Measurements 11 1 89 Temperature cont The display will then show temperature in the format shown in Figure 5 2 below the value shown is for illustration purposes the value you actually see will be different T 6 23 4 Parameter Prefix Value Units Channel Figure 5 2 Display Format for Temperature Note The choice of C CELSIUS or F FAHRENHEIT measurement units is factory set per your order If you did not specify the units at time of order your hygrometer will be set to C For information on how to change temperature measurement units refer to Chapter 8 Pressure Pressure either as a live input or a constant value is needed for the System 2 to calculate PPM To make pressure measurements you need a 4 20 mA pressure transmitter Panametrics supplies optional pressure transmitters in four standard ranges and in either standard or explosion proof styles Wire the transmitter as shown in Figure 5 3 below Be sure to observe the loop polarity pressure transducer ooooooocoo PRESSURE TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS 5 Current in 6 Current out Figure 5 3 Connecting a Pre
138. ramming 4 3 11 1 89 How to Program the System 2 cont Let us step through each of these prompts without actually entering the subroutines At the prompt PROG press The display will change to CALIB Press again The display will change to Press again The display will change to You have stepped through all the programming choices at this level Press again The display will change to You are being asked if you would like to return to the operating mode ENT Press The System 2 will perform an initialization exactly as if it were just turned on and will then resume operation in the mode in which it was last operating 4 4 User Programming 11 1 89 How to Program the The top level programming sequence is illustrated in Figure 4 3 System 2 cont below Within the four subroutines there are a series of selections To sequence from one subroutine to another press lt RUB gt When the desired subroutine prompt appears press lt ENT gt Using the appropriate keys enter data Please note that once you enter a subroutine you can only go forward In order to correct incorrectly entered data you must repeat the subroutine The subroutine is completed when the prompt DONE appears at which point you may exit by pressing lt ENT gt or repeat the sequence by pressing lt RUB gt
139. rature and pressure extremes corrosive chemicals mechanical vibration and a host of other conditions that you must take into consideration This section contains information and instructions for installing a System 2 hygrometer in a process system We discuss these environmental considerations and describe how to set up and connect the hygrometer for different options In all cases if there is any question about the application or installation with which you need further assistance please contact our hygrometer applications engineering staff Initial Inspection Before operating a new System 2 please check for evidence of mishandling in shipment Instruments are carefully inspected both mechanically and electrically before shipping They should be physically free of mars or scratches upon receipt If any evidence of damage in transit is observed report this to the carrier and to Panametrics immediately Installation 6 1 11 1 89 Site Preparation The drawings in this section provide clearance and other mounting dimensions you will need when preparing a site for the System 2 installation NOTES 1 Front pane opening 12 75 radius 2 Weight approx 12165 without batteries um EM Bee 406 X 265 SLOT 77 4 PLACES SYSTEM 1 HINGE SIDE Figure 6 1 Rack Mount Installation and Outline Dimensions 6 2 Installation 11 1 89 a Site Preparation cont NOTES 1 Front panel openi
140. re content of the solid at any time during such a process then an empirical calibration is required 1 Ata particular set of operating conditions i e flow rate temperature and pressure the hygrometer dew point reading can be calibrated against solids samples with known moisture contents 2 Assuming the operating conditions are relatively constant the hygrometer dew point reading can be noted and a solids sample withdrawn for laboratory analysis 3 Repeat this procedure until a calibration curve over the desired moisture content range has been developed Once such a curve has been developed the hygrometer can then be used to continuously monitor the moisture content of the solid as long as operating conditions are relatively constant A 34 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 B Laboratory If in line measurements are not practical then there are two possible Procedures laboratory procedures 1 The unique ability of the GE Panametrics sensor to determine the moisture content of a liquid can be used as follows a Note Using the apparatus shown in Figure A 3 on page A 33 dissolve a known amount of the solids sample in a suitable hydrocarbon liquid The measured increase in the moisture content of the hydrocarbon liquid can then be used to calculate the moisture content of the sample For best results the hydrocarbon liquid used above should be pre dried to a moisture content tha
141. re of the water and hence increase the dew point This is not just a mathematical artifact The dew point of a gas with 1000 PPMv of water at 200 psig will be considerably higher than the dew point of a gas with 1000 PPMv of water at 1 atm Gaseous water vapor will actually condense to form liquid water at a higher temperature at the 200 psig pressure than at the 1 atm pressure Thus if the moisture probe is exposed to pressure changes the measured dew point will be altered by the changed vapor pressure of the water It is generally advantageous to operate the hygrometer at the highest possible pressure especially at very low moisture concentrations This minimizes wall effects and results in higher dew point readings which increases the sensitivity of the instrument The response time of the GE Panametrics standard M Series Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensor is very rapid a step change of 63 in moisture concentration will be observed in approximately 5 seconds Thus the observed response time to moisture changes is in general limited by the response time of the sample system as a whole Water vapor is absorbed tenaciously by many materials and a large complex processing system can take several days to dry down from atmospheric moisture levels to dew points of less than 60 C Even simple systems consisting of a few feet of stainless steel tubing and a small chamber can take an hour or more to dry down from dew points of 5 C to
142. rely with an appropriate tool with an additional 1 4 to 1 2 turn The M2 mount uses machine threads do not use Teflon tape on threads Although it may be removed for special applications the stainless steel end cap should always be left in place for maximum protection of the aluminum oxide sensor Note that although you may insert the probe directly into the process system Panametrics recommends the use of a sample system or a bypass loop f Using Sample Systems Sample systems are designed to remove all harmful components from the process stream and to ensure that the sample delivered to the sensor is representative of the actual moisture content of the overall stream In many process applications you should use a sample system for the following reasons so that the sensor may be easily removed from a pressurized pipeline for inspection cleaning or recalibration so that the sensor does not become contaminated by pipe scale carbon salts or other solid particles so the sensor s accuracy is not affected by the presence of conductive liquid droplets of glycol or methanol although these conductive liquids do not permanently harm the sensor and may be removed by the proper cleaning procedures described in Appendix A so the sensor is not exposed to the high flow rates often directly encountered in gas pipelines 6 10 Installation 11 1 89 Environmental The sample cell provides a convenient mounting for the
143. ressure at the measured dew point mm of Hg total system pressure mm of Hg Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 11 2003 Parts per Million Volume The water concentration in a system in parts per million by volume is proportional to the ratio of the water vapor partial pressure to the total system pressure P W 6 PPM Py x 10 0 1 In a closed system increasing the total pressure of the gas will proportionally increase the partial pressures of the various components The relationship between dew point total pressure and is provided in nomographic form in Figure 1 on page A 20 Note The nomograph shown in Figure A 1 on page A 20 is applicable only to gases Do not apply it to liquids To compute the moisture content for any ideal gas at a given pressure refer to Figure A 1 on page A 20 Using a straightedge connect the dew point as measured with the GE Panametrics Hygrometer with the known system pressure Read the moisture content in PPMy where the straightedge crosses the moisture content scale Typical Problems 1 Find the water content in a nitrogen gas stream if a dew point of 20 C is measured and the pressure is 60 psig Solution In Figure 1 on page 20 connect 60 psig on the Pressure scale with 20 C on the Dew Frost Point scale Read 200 PPMy on the Moisture Content scale 2 Find the expected dew frost point for a helium gas stream having
144. rogramming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in the flow diagram The new parameter will take effect as soon as you return to the operating mode User Programming 4 37 11 1 89 KEY IN 1 2 3 ENT TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY CODE PROG RUB CALIB ENT CHAN TEST ENT CHN X RUB KEY IN 6 ENT CHN 6 ENT RUB CONT RUB PROBE RUB AUT R RUB DEWPT RUB TEMP ENT KT6 X RUB KEY IN 1 ENT KT6 1 ENT TP6 XX X C RUB KEY IN 10 ENT TP6 10 C ENT PRESS ENT DONE ENT RET ENT INST PROG NO AUTO CAL SYSTEM 2 OPERATE Figure 4 13 Example Setting Temperature to a Constant 4 38 User Programming 11 1 89 Example J Setting Pressure to a Constant Normally when using a pressure transmitter you will enter calibration values for two pressure points on the transmitter pressure curve For each pressure you are prompted to enter two loop current values You can also program the System 2 for pre
145. rometer 900 901E 2003 Table A 2 Maximum Gas Flow Rates Based on the physical characteristics of air at a temperature of 77 F and a pressure of I atm the following flow rates will produce the maximum allowable gas stream linear velocity of 10 000 cm sec in the corresponding pipe sizes Inside Pipe Diameter in Gas Flow Rate cfm 0 25 7 0 50 27 0 75 60 1 0 107 2 0 429 3 0 966 4 0 1 718 5 0 2 684 6 0 3 865 7 0 5 261 8 0 6 871 9 0 8 697 10 0 10 737 11 0 12 991 12 0 15 461 Table A 3 Maximum Liquid Flow Rates Based on the physical characteristics of benzene at a temperature of 77 F the following flow rates will produce the maximum allowable fluid linear velocity of 10 cm sec in the corresponding pipe sizes Inside Pipe Diameter in Flow Rate gal hr Flow Rate l hr 0 25 3 11 0 50 12 46 0 75 27 103 1 0 48 182 2 0 193 730 3 0 434 1 642 4 0 771 2 919 5 0 1 205 4 561 6 0 1 735 6 567 7 0 2 361 8 939 8 0 3 084 11 675 9 0 3 903 14 776 10 0 4 819 18 243 11 0 5 831 22 074 12 0 6 939 26 269 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E 2003 3 _ lt 10 000 8 000 10 000 6 000 8 000 5 000 4 000 6 000 5 000 8 990 4 000 2 000 3 000 2 000 1 500 1 000 800 600 500 400 300 200 150 100 80 60 50 40 30 DEW FROST POINT F DEW FROST POINT C PR
146. s molecular sieve particles alumina dust For convenience the above particulates have been divided into three broad categories Refer to the appropriate section for a discussion of their affect on the GE Panametrics moisture probe Note Molecular sieve particles organic liquid droplets and oil droplets are typical of this category In general the performance of the moisture probe will not be seriously hindered by the condensation of non conductive non corrosive liquids However a slower response to moisture changes will probably be observed because the contaminating liquid barrier will decrease the rate of transport of the water vapor to the sensor and reduce its response time Particulate matter with a high density and or a high flow rate may cause abrasion or pitting of the sensor surface This can drastically alter the calibration of the moisture probe and in extreme cases cause moisture probe failure A stainless steel shield is supplied with the moisture probe to minimize this effect but in severe cases it is advisable to install a Teflon or stainless steel filter in the fluid stream On rare occasions non conductive particulate material may become lodged under the contact arm of the sensor creating an open circuit If this condition is suspected refer to the Probe Cleaning Procedure section of this appendix for the recommended cleaning procedure Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 5 2003
147. s Radius Rage 6 7 Moisture Temperature Probe Considerations 6 8 Environmental Precautions cece ene n 6 8 Moisture Cable Considerations e 6 12 Intrinsic Safety suelos ku EIER eese dial e diee iets 6 14 Installing a Pressure Transmitter llle 6 14 Usmg a Recorder eat ee re eee ek rede dte e te ed 6 15 Using Optional Alarms er bbe t E odds ey bianca dees exte 6 16 Optional Digital Interface UART 1 0 2 cee nee an 6 17 Serial Interface Connections 0 0 6 eee 6 18 Remote Display a entra steer d Gal eae a ae ees 6 18 Baud Rate Selections Gam See Eee Ee ep 6 19 DCE DTE Contiguration Eee Aye aes bx e EE 6 19 Remote Control lu yo bes UE ee ds E arde SET DES 6 20 Serial Data Character Format 2 0 eee eens 6 20 The Instrument Program e 6 21 Recommended Spare Parts 0 0 cece teen mme 6 22 Power Supply Group seen bare ee ea eee sa ee ese 6 22 Cards ies cro bel dei eles Gs lieg 6 22 Miscellaneous 4 cates he dee pu Ue enter lee PEE LDAP T ERR WEE La POR aa S 6 22 Xi 11 1 89 Table of Contents cont Chapter 7 Summary of Connections Introduction se beo ee ed ete ule LORI Ue RU e 7 1 Number 19 I O Board Connection
148. selections are for PPM and PPM respectively If you did not select either of these as the MODE for the current channel these selections will not be available and you will be asked if you are DONE If you selected Mode 4 PPM the next prompt will be CS You must know the values for Saturation Constant We derive PPM according to the formula PPM P P C where P partial pressure of water vapor measured by the moisture probe P the saturation pressure of water at temperature of measurement T C the Saturation Constant that is usually given as a function of temperature The PROG subroutine enables entry of 2 to 6 data points representing a curve of Cs versus temperature For example using the Saturation Constant for Hexane the data entry is 3 points and the values are listed in Table 4 2 Table 4 2 C Values for Hexane 20 C CTO 101 PPM CSO 30 C CT1 179 PPM CS1 40 C CT2 317 PPMw CS2 Enter these values at the CS prompt as shown in Example D on page 4 27 4 8 User Programming 11 1 89 KPPMv DONE If mode 5 had been selected prompt will display The instrument program for calculating PPM contains a constant multiplier as follows PPM P P K 10 where partial pressure of water P total pressure constant multiplier normally set to 1 000 for PPM The value for K can range for 500 max to 0 000
149. sor cavity is limited to much smaller molecules such as water Thus the surface of the aluminum oxide sensor which acts as a semi permeable membrane permits the measurement of water vapor pressure in organic liquids just as easily as it does in gaseous media In fact an accurate sensor electrical output will be registered whether the sensor is directly immersed in the organic liquid or it is placed in the gas space above the liquid surface As with gases the electrical output of the aluminum oxide sensor is a function of the measured water vapor pressure Moisture Content Henry s Law Type Analysis Measurement Organic when using the aluminum oxide sensor in non polar liquids having Liquids water concentrations lt 1 by weight Henry s Law is generally applicable Henry s Law states that at constant temperature the mass of a gas dissolved in a given volume of liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in the system Stated in terms pertinent to this discussion it can be said that the PPMy of water in hydrocarbon liquids is equal to the partial pressure of water vapor in the system times a constant As discussed above a GE Panametrics aluminum oxide sensor can be directly immersed in a hydrocarbon liquid to measure the equivalent dew point Since the dew point is functionally related to the vapor pressure of the water a determination of the dew point will allow one to calculate the PPMy of water in the liqu
150. splay MH on channel 6 override the pre programmed display mode by manually entering channel and mode from the front panel keypad with the key sequence shown in Figure 5 12 below Figure 5 12 Key Sequence to Read MH on Channel 6 Other Measurements 5 9 11 1 89 MH cont The resulting display reading should appear as shown in Figure 5 13 below the value shown is for illustration purposes the value you see will be different 6 3177 Parameter Prefix Channe Figure 5 13 Display Format for MH As we have indicated when you call us for technical assistance having this data along with a measurement or even a good estimate of the existing dew frost point temperature in the process system available will greatly facilitate us in helping you resolve a moisture measurement problem Other Measurements 11 1 89 MMSCF Option All basic features implemented by this option are the same however each subsequent software release includes updates and minor changes Software Releases Covered by this Document 2101A SYS2 SP007 003 B SYS2 SP001 002 B SYS2 SP011 003 C General Description Added features associated with this software family 1 MODE 8 displays POUNDS OF WATER per MILLION STANDARD CUBIC FEET in NATURAL GAS 2 MODE 9 displays POUNDS OF WATER per MILLION STANDARD CUBIC FEET in an IDEAL GAS Mode 8 MMSCF in The instrument program for calculat
151. ssure Transmitter 5 2 Other Measurements 11 1 89 Pressure cont If your System 2 is not already programmed to display pressure on channel 6 override the pre programmed display mode by manually entering channel and mode from the front panel keypad with the key sequence shown in Figure 5 4 below Figure 5 4 Key Sequence to Read Pressure on Channel 6 The display will then show pressure in the format shown in Figure 5 5 below the value shown is for illustration purposes the value you actually see will be different P 6 500 PSG m Parameter Prefix Value Units Channel Figure 5 5 Display Format for Pressure You will then be reading pressure in either PSIG PSG or BARS BAR The choice of PSIG PSG or BARS BAR measurement units is factory set per your order If you did not specify the units at time of order your hygrometer will be set to PSIG For information on how to change pressure measurement units refer to Chapter 8 Other Measurements 5 3 11 1 89 PPMy PPM is a calculated parameter used for expressing moisture content in liquids The measurement of PPM is not dependent on pressure but is dependent upon process temperature The relationship is Py PPMy pP x where Py partial pressure of water vapor measured by the moisture probe Ps the Saturation vapor pressure of water at the temperature of measurement Cs the s
152. ssure equal to a constant You do this by entering the same value for pressure in both cases same value for PO and 1 Note The System 2 will use the value of pressure you entered for calculations In this example you will program pressure to be constant at 14 6 PSIG this assumes your pressure readings are in PSIG if not use appropriate values in BARS Pressure calibration is done in the CALIB subroutine In the CALIB subroutine select the CHAN option and at the prompt CHn rub and enter 6 Proceed to the PRESS option and at the prompt PO enter 14 6 Then set PH0 0000 set 1 14 6 set PH1 20 00 The programming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in the flow diagram The new parameters will take effect as soon as you return to the operating mode User Programming 4 39 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY KEY IN 1 2 3 a CODE PROG RUB Es CALIB PRESS uu RUB ENT ENT CONT CHAN PO XXXX UT ENT RUB RUB 2 CHN X KEY IN 14 6 nels RUB ENT ENT KEY IN 6 PO 14 6 INST PROG NO ENT ENT TENTI PHO XXXX mA AUTO CAL PNT RUB PROBE KEY IN 0000 SYSTEM 2 RUB ENT AUT R PHO 0000 RUB ENT DEWPT TRUST RUB KEY IN 14 6 TEMP ENT ENT 1 14 6 ENT 1 mA RUB KEY IN 20 00 ENT PH1 20 00 ENT
153. t is insignificant compared to the moisture content of the sample Since the addition of the solid may significantly change the saturation value for the solvent published values should not be used Instead an empirical calibration as discussed in the previous section should be used A dew point of 110 C which can correspond to a moisture content of 10 PPMy or less represents the lower limit of sensor sensitivity The maximum measurable moisture content depends to a great extent on the liquid itself Generally the sensor becomes insensitive to moisture contents in excess of 1 by weight 2 An alternative technique involves driving the moisture from the solids sample by heating a The evaporated moisture is directed into a chamber of known volume which contains a calibrated moisture sensor Convert the measured dew point of the chamber into a water vapor pressure as discussed earlier in this appendix From the known volume of the chamber and the measured vapor pressure dew point of the water the number of moles of water in the chamber can be calculated and related to the percent by weight of water in the test sample Although this technique is somewhat tedious it can be used successfully An empirical calibration of the procedure may be performed by using hydrated solids of known moisture content for test samples Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 35 Appendix B Reference Calibration Calibrating High
154. tarted The Front Panel et UTEM PUE Ms 2 1 Initial Setup 225 oem LDAP EA Ne SEA ee See ee Web CIA E 2 1 Connecting a Moisture Probe 0 2 2 Up and Running noti PRA SCENDE us s uses a eet ae e Neg 2 5 Making a Moisture 2 7 Chapter 3 Operation Introduction oA ci ae ee 3 1 Display Format ke A eA UE RD oie cas bu 3 1 Parameter Displayed de dhe gas sw aes Wim hr ed eae wet ee oe 3 3 Six Channel Operation verer 3 6 4 nv Aes Y nex nev eed E ERN ee DE e e es 3 4 ecce Bde reet Buts a 3 5 System 2 Error Processing 3 334 has evene e EE ea HERUNTER APRES 3 6 Cal Brrors EA pete pede ose ere eset as 3 6 Range oso soU EPI RU E x Neri de ewe eR edes 3 7 Errot Processing Options ute E De e deve ec e e beca 3 8 11 1 89 Table of Contents cont Chapter 4 User Programming Introducti n 4 1 Why User Programming kreas riesen m E ga 4 1 Accessing the User Program 4 1 How to Program the System 2 neige ees bie eae EO I gabe
155. tes and particulate matter The endcap should not be removed except upon advice from the factory The sensor has been designed to withstand normal shock and vibration Care should be exercised to insure that the active sensor surface is never touched or allowed to come into direct contact with foreign objects Such contact may remove some of the conductive outer layer and adversely affect performance Observing these few simple precautions will result in a long and useful probe life Panametrics recommends that probe calibration be checked routinely at 6 month intervals or as recommended by our applications engineers for your particular application The probe will measure the water vapor pressure in its immediate vicinity and thus the readings will be influenced by its proximity to the system walls materials of construction and other environmental factors The sensor can be operated under vacuum or pressure flowing or static conditions a Temperature Range The standard probe is operable over a temperature range of 70 C to 110 C b Moisture Condensation Be sure the temperature is at least 10 C higher than the dew frost point temperature If this condition is not maintained moisture condensation could occur on the sensor or in the sample system which will cause reading errors c Static or Dynamic Use The sensor can be employed equally well under conditions of completely still air or where considerable flow occurs Its s
156. the hazardous area must terminate to a zener barrier with the other side of the barrier connected to the electronic instrument The Panametrics supplied barriers are approved by FM CSA PIB BASEEFA for intrinsic safety and can be used with all Panametrics probes The barriers operate by limiting the energy that can pass through them to a level that is insufficient to cause combustion of a hazardous material Figure 6 10 below shows typical zener circuit wiring for moisture and temperature transducers hazardous 4 WIRE CABLE t 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 EARTH GND Figure 6 10 Connecting Zener Barriers Installing a Pressure The pressure transmitter should be free from obvious physical Transmitter damage when received The pressure sensitive surface should be free of nicks scars or any other marks Care must be taken to avoid applying pressure in excess of twice the stated range of the transducer as damage will occur Special care should be taken on low range pressure transducers as it is possible to exert over twice the stated pressure range simply by applying finger pressure For proper operation the pressure transmitter must be installed at a point which is always at exactly the same pressure as the Moisture Sensor Probe Installation adjacent to the location of the moisture sensor is recommended 6 14 Installation 11 1 89 Using a Recorder Most process system installations will involve the use of the analog
157. the flow diagram The new parameter will take effect as soon as you return to the operating mode User Programming 4 33 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY KEY IN 1 2 3 ee CODE PROG CALIB TEST RUB B ENT RUB CHAN CONT ENT RUB CHN X RET RUB ENT KEY IN 6 m INST PROG NO CHN 6 ENT AUTO CAL PROBE RUB SYSTEM 2 AUT R ENT OPERATE AU6 0 RUB EY IN 1 ENT AUG 1 ENT DEWPT RUB TEMP ENT PRESS ENT DONE ENT Figure 4 11 Example G Enabling Auto Ranging 4 34 User Programming 11 1 89 Example H Entering Dew Frost Point Temperature Probe Calibration Data The Dew Frost point temperature probe calibration values are supplied for every probe on a calibration sheet A typical Panametrics probe calibration sheet lists 14 dew frost point temperatures within the range of the probe and gives a calibration value MH associated with each point see Figure 2 7 on page 2 4 In this example we will enter calibration data for a standard type M moisture probe on channel 6 You should use data for a probe you already have You will then be able to use that probe on channel 6 In the CALIB subroutine
158. the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in the flow diagram The new parameter will take effect as soon as you return to the operating mode User Programming 4 31 11 1 89 TO ENTER PROGRAM PRESS THE PROG KEY KEY IN 1 2 3 ENDLESS CODE PROG CALIB TEST RUB B ENT RUB CHAN CONT ENT RUB CHN X RET RUB ENT KEY IN 6 INST PROG NO CHN 6 ENT AUTO CAL PROBE X RUB OPERATE KEY IN 7 ENT PR6 X ENT AUT R RUB DEWPT RUB TEMP RUB PRESS ENT DONE ENT Figure 4 10 Example F Making Probe Setup ALL PROBES 4 32 User Programming 11 1 89 Example G Enabling Auto ranging You may turn auto ranging on or off for each channel In this example we will assume auto ranging was off and will turn it on refer to page 3 5 for more information on auto ranging In the CALIB subroutine select the CHAN option and at the prompt CHn erase the current value by pressing lt RUB gt and enter 6 Then proceed to the AUT R option and at the prompt AU6 X enter 1 The programming example described above is shown as a flow diagram on the next page Please follow these steps exactly as they are given in
159. the power on If your System 2 is not already programmed to display RH on channel 6 override the pre programmed display mode by manually entering channel and mode from the front panel keypad with the key sequence shown in Figure 5 10 below Figure 5 10 Key Sequence to Read RH on Channel 6 Other Measurements 11 1 89 RH cont MH The display will then show RH in the format shown in Figure 5 11 below the value shown is for illustration purposes the value you see will be different Parameter Prefix Channel Figure 5 11 Display Format for RH MH is a diagnostic moisture measurement related to the admittance of the moisture probe The MH reading can be very useful in troubleshooting a faulty System 2 moisture measurement since it represents the raw signal from the probe before it is processed and converted to dew frost point Therefore if you have an independent method of measuring the correct dew frost point such as another correctly working System 2 channel and you know what MH values you should obtain with a known dew frost point you can determine whether a malfunction is occurring before or after the moisture sensing system Since we have gone through all the other readings let us take a look at an MH reading Assuming you have a Panametrics moisture or moisture temperature probe connected you can check MH Turn the power on If your System 2 is not already programmed to di
160. tment Proceduresce Under certain circumstances such as operation in remote or isolated locations we will provide additional special documentation diagrams and special test procedures you may need to repair and maintain this equipment with a minimum of outside support Contact the factory or the Panametrics office nearest you if you have special requirements in this area In this manual when we refer to what is shown on the front panel digital display we enclose what is actually seen on the display in quotation marks For example you will see SYSTEM 2 or the display shows SYSTEM 2 SYSTEM 2 is what is actually seen on the display Many references to pressing keys on the front panel keypad are made by showing a picture of the key Thus directions state Press the key We also denote keys within the text with angle brackets Thus the text may state press lt ENT gt vi 11 1 89 Service and Policy One Year Limited Warranty Each PANAMETRICS manufactured instrument is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship Liability under this warranty is limited to servicing or calibrating any instrument returned to the factory for that purpose and to replace any defective parts Fuses and batteries are specifically excluded from any liability This warranty is effective from the date of delivery to the original purchaser The equipment must be determined by Panametrics have be
161. up This display will also appear each time you perform a system re initialization System 2 hygrometers with the Fast Response option have the following added features 1 Mode 8 displays Fast Response dew frost point temperature 2 Mode 9 displays Fast Response PPM 3 The KPPM multiplier is added to the PROG programming section for Mode 9 4 A new prompt FAST is added to the PROG programming section as shown below Figure 4 15 on the previous page shows how the standard User Programming Flow diagram as shown in Figure 4 4 is modified for the Fast Response option This mode uses a dynamic moisture calibration technique to extrapolate the moisture level to the end point when making measurements in abrupt dry down conditions The system response time depends on the relative change in dew point For a change from ambient moisture levels to trace levels the system can respond in as little as two minutes for single channel operation The fast response function must be individually enabled for each channel At the new prompt FAST key in ENT The display shows FAn X where n is the channel number and X is either 1 or 0 If X 0 fast response is disabled if X 1 fast response is enabled The default value is 0 disabled To change the setting type lt RUB gt at the prompt FAn X and enter the new value for X followed by ENT The Fast Response dew point has two display modes While the system is performing
162. ured dew point to be higher than expected it is the actual dew point of the system at the time of measurement One of the major advantages of the GE Panametrics hygrometer is that it can be used for in situ measurements i e the sensor element is designed for installation directly within the region to be measured As a result the need for complex sample systems that include extensive piping manifolds gas flow regulators and pressure regulators is eliminated or greatly reduced Instead a simple sample system to reduce the fluid temperature filter contaminants and facilitate sensor removal is all that is needed Whether the sensor is installed in situ or in a remote sampling system the accuracy and speed of measurement depend on the piping system and the dynamics of the fluid flow Response times and measurement values will be affected by the degree of equilibrium reached within system Factors such as gas pressure flow rate materials of construction length and diameter of piping etc will greatly influence the measured moisture levels and the response times Assuming that all secondary sources of moisture have been eliminated and the sample system has been allowed to come to equilibrium then the measured dew point will equal the actual dew point of the process fluid Some of the most frequently encountered problems associated with moisture monitoring sample systems include the moisture content value changes as the total gas pr
163. wer up System 2 can be set to auto calibrate periodically without user intervention 12 digit green florescent alphanumeric display The display can show any one measurement parameter on any channel or can cycle to show different parameters Display information includes parameter mode channel number parameter value and units The display is also used interactively together with the keypad to program the System 2 Up to three inputs one each moisture temperature and pressure 11 bits 0 05 Panametrics types M2L M2LT Thin Film Aluminum Oxide Thermistor optionally supplied as part of the moisture probe assembly Panametrics P40 P40X or equivalent 4 20 mA current transmitting pressure transducer scale factors are entered as part of the user program sequence Using Panametrics cables all probes can generally be located a maximum of 1200 meters 4000 feet away from the hygrometer under normal circumstances Longer distances and special circumstances can be accommodated Consult Panametrics for special distance considerations Specifications 9 3 11 1 89 Outputs Analog Digital Alarm Relays Output Updating One standard one optional each output can correspond to any one parameter on that channel Zero and Span are user programmable within the range of the instrument and the corresponding sensor The standard switch selectable outputs are 1 0 to 100 mV 10K ohm minimum load resistance
164. witches 1 and 2 on the No 4 card as shown in Figure 8 4 below To select these options set switches as shown in Table 8 3 below CS1 4 No 4 DVM Card 7 EE 5 ll Ad 6 IF 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 14 10 MEM1 MEM2 DVM UART RC HYGRO REG PWR SPLY Figure 8 4 Location of Digital Interface Option Switches Table 8 3 Measurement Unit Switch Settings Switch SA401 2 No Remote Remote Printing Remote Control Reconfiguring the System 2 Hygrometer 8 5 11 1 89 Baud Rate Selection Hygrometer Card Channel Switch The CS1 5 UART Module is an optional board to provide the System 2 with a serial interface for operation with a printer terminal or computer Switch 5 501 is used to select the baud rate as follows SA501 1 150 BAUD SA501 2 ON 300 BAUD SA501 3 ON 1200 BAUD SA501 4 ON 9600 BAUD Note Only one switch must be on at a time Switch array SA701 on the No 7 hygrometer card allows this card to be used in the multi channel System I hygrometer as well as in the single channel System 2 For the System 2 this switch array must always be set for channel 1 As shown in Figure 8 5 below the card is set for channel 1 by setting S1 on Note SA70 switches 2 through 6 must be OFF CS1 7 No 7 Hygrometer Card
165. y make measurements The basic System 2 electronics hardware package consists of 1 A base chassis unit with Card cage Hinged Front and Rear Panels Top Cover 2 A basic set of electronics card modules which plug into the motherboard consisting of Interface Card Computer Card Memory Card DVM Card RC Calibrator Card Hygrometer Card Regulator Card Power Supply Module Note Additional cards are available for special options Refer to Chapter 8 for board locations Since all of the active electronic circuits are located on these card modules the System 2 is easy to service 1 2 System 2 Basics and Options 11 1 89 System 2 Packages Moisture temperature and or pressure probes and a Panametrics cont probe cable complete the System 2 measurement package Note System 2 hygrometers can be optionally equipped for Division 2 operating environments System 2 hygrometers are supplied in one of three package styles Rack mounted see Figure 1 1 below Bench mounted see Figure 1 2 below Panel mounted see Figure 1 3 on the next page Each package style is built around the base chassis described on the previous page The three package styles are shown in the following three illustrations PPMWIPPMW RH lcHanPPHMPPMA aug 5 X 7 8 8 SED Figure 1 1 Rack Mount Package

System 2 Hygrometer - GE Measurement & Control

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System 2 Hygrometer - GE Measurement &amp; Control

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System 2 Hygrometer - GE Measurement & Control