2D-S Post Processing Using 2D
Contents
1. a ad Q 3 7 KUKAC Cleaning by start End Clicks Label_one_image_as_bad_with_one_click Off C On 6863 Roundness 0 or 1 1 0 Warn Figure 18 This window has the same functionality as described in section 2 3 Clicking Generate images png pages 7 Salt Cause paces Gf a to be displayed on the computer screen saved to the data png directory Buttons cleaning by Start end clicks and label one image as bad with one click are for manually removing bad images or noise if the auto cleaning method doesn t do a perfect job The Timeshift fishing and De spur are special buttons used inside SPEC INC We use them to look at the H and V channel laser beam alignment We also use them to look at the cloud particle special cluster distribution and to study the noise image distribution in the initial stage of the software They are for development and automatic removal of noise splashes and shattering You do not need to use them 2 5 5 Boolean Filtering The Boolean feature allows for further sub setting of data Itis possible to filter out particles based on size location and various other parameters To use Boolean filtering SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 19 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 1 From the zoomed data window select Boolean On as shown 2 Specify th2. gt 3022 Sterling Circle Suite 200 Boulder CO 80301 Phone 303 449 1105 Fax 303 449 0132 WWw specinc com 2D S Post Processing Using 2D S View Software User Manual Version 1 1 February 2011 Using 2D S View Software The 2D S Data Processing Software is constantly being updated We urge users to consult with SPEC on the current status of the software before beginning processing and periodically ODDS Pre Processi 5c soca vadsitetar a rete 3 IMi ceva Waters om MIN era E ONA 3 1 2 Deaddiodereplaceme Ni sat seca ne itl a lors eaten eats 6 DAO ZID ESN LEW casesuiieradusnsaxesesaasncad ste E E E OET 7 2 1 2D S_View Is tall attO i soscetetetissacch oa hecn eerie des iletersiis madd edeseeviebaleones 7 22 More DIE PrOCESSING siscissrisisccnaedeeiiuts ie a a a e 9 Di De VMS Wy UN DIANA CS cts cha esa sarod toned aa at ou clad st alae sa acres dam sta acelaats 12 De PNT ACTIN CIMOV Alla asa laseactareicetdts E O 13 2 5 Time Series and Particle Size Distribution PSD Plots 000 14 2 5 1 ZOOMING into a IMENT Val iwiteccssiietGeites ctaetcenuesecuirecent 14 23 2 COMpabine UME Series mvaa tuastoladnrel cunianaes 16 2 5 3 Comparing size distributions cc ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 17 2 5 4 Viewing the 2D S images from a selected time interval 18 2 5 0 DOO AM PMC eee E AN 19 3 2D S Data Batch processing Archiving cccccccccceceesseeeseceeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaas 21 3 1 Liquid mode Batch pro
3. A number of shaded pixels L number of pixels in TAS direction that the event lasted for L2 number of shaded pixels in array direction for the slice during the event for which the number of shaded pixels is maximized Lz the diameter of the circle that just circumscribes the shaded event pixels L4 similar to L2 except it is the total number of pixels between the shaded end pixels instead of just the shaded pixels Ls is similar to Ly except it is the distance between the extreme shaded end pixels from all the slices whereas for L4 it is the end pixels in a given slice See Figure 1 A3 1 4 L Fr 0 if neither edge was shaded 1 if left edge only was shaded 2 if right edge only was shaded 3 if both edges were shaded for any slice during the event Adj adjustment factor 1 defined below Adj adjustment factor n defined further below PC position of particle center on array determined as the center between the extreme edge points of the slice that determined Lz PC 3 the position of the center of the circumscribing circle PC position of particle center on array determined as the center between the extreme edge points that determined L5 For logistic reasons the derived files will also have TAS included Le the number of white pixels in the strip s that defined L4 So L is the strip for which the end shaded pixels are farthest apart
4. Once a file is chosen a time period selector box will be displayed select Playback Period Data range of base060201161320 2DS File Splitting Start Date Time 02 01 2006 f 16 13 26 625 Enable File Splitting End Date Time 02 01 2006 19 28 57 234 Select Playback Range Ultset Particles File Start Time 02 01 2006 16 13 26 625 0 p 500 000 End Time 02 01 2006 19 28 57 234 pi 7 2 Start Playback Cancel Playback Figure 1 To select a time period move the two sliders on the Start Time and End Time For an exact time period use the U and D buttons to increase and decrease time by one second intervals To the right is the File Splitting option 2D S view attempts to keep information on each particle in memory When the memory is full the program slows due to the use of virtual memory This can result in unacceptably slow processing This can be remedied by enabling file splitting which cuts the original large data file into processed data files of manageable sizes according to a preset number of particles A typical setting is 300 000 particles per file but the optimum size will depend on the attributes of the computer used Once the time period and file splitting options are chosen click the Start Playback button A window will ask whether to create 2D S view pre processed files which are called sorted files These files are also binary with c
5. the formula for bin height is ZxKx Adj x L x pxs x strbsz 2 Oi where the sum 1s over all default events in that size bin and where K unit conversion factor Bin as above for counts PSD Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 LI1 and area gt 2 Ice Mass PSD g m um For each size bin the formula for bin height is 0 917 x K x gt Adj x r x L X a PXS X strbsz bin width um x SV default conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 LI1 and area gt 2 where K unit Liquid Mass PSD g m um K x X Adj x E ie X y PXS X strbsz bin as width um x SV defaute conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 where K unit Method 5 M5 All In Ring Spot Adjusted Spheres B The same as Method 4 above except replace all L7 with Ls Method 6 M6 in focus only combined This method is for when there are sufficient particles to use in focus only and when there is need to extend to larger sizes than can be adequately sampled by all in techniques It uses M2 1n focus only after CleanAll for sizes smaller than 265 It uses M1 in focus only without cleaning for sizes greater than 325 For sizes between 265 and 325 it uses the average of the preceding two methods A future improvement should be to replace the M1 part with a reconstruction technique SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 40 February 2011 SPEC Inc r
6. 0 01 L1n or L5 gt 50 then roundness 1 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX L1_L5_ spect_Ratio Accept Figure 11 If a cleaning method is not selected all the images will be used The resultant data is automatically saved in the directory If a cleaning function is selected the program searches for previous cleanings made for each BIN file If one is found you will be prompted with the window shown in Figure 12 If the aspect ratio is the same select yes In doing so the computer will not have to re clean the data question ee xi a A Previous AutoCleani v tst File with 4spect_ratio and Cleani Or cleant header lines are we 2 000 is the Aspect Ratio for roundness _defintion Clean_ All or Keep SPlash_option All Use it to load the cleaned result Figure 12 Note The program processes each particle individually based on statistics of many surrounding particles processing large files can take days The In Focus Only feature allows for further data filtering This removes the particles with holes in them If the area of the hole is greater than the specified size the particle is eliminated from the data For example if 0 9 is the selected criteria then only those images with holes having less than 10 of the total area will be used in the process To use the In Focus Only Feature 1 Check the box to the left of Use In Focus Only on the toolbar 2 Select a value from the drop down l
7. 2 Start IDL 3 ClickFile gt Open Find2dsview_ver gt combine_archive_TC4_St eve_gains_of_61bins_HorV pro 4 ClickRun gt Compilecombine_archive_TC4_Steve_gains_of_61bins _HorV pro Ctrl F5 5 Click Run Run combine_archive_TC4_Steve_gains_of_61bins_HorV pro F5 Personal use license for Paul Lawson only File Edit Search Run Project Macros Window Help B S Compia TE ee Ctrl F Step 4 Compile Combine_Lig_Ns_archive_files_of_61bins_Hor pro from Memory M g Compile All Run Combine_Lig_Ns_archive_files_of_61bins_Hor F Ste 5 R FE Resolve Dependencies p Profile Gi Test GUI Gtrl T Break Ctrl Break Stop Ctrl R Reset Step Inte F8 step yer Fig Step Out Ghr FB Tracte Run to Gursar Figure 28 6 A prompt you to select H or V this determines whether it is the horizontal or vertical files being combined 7 Go to the directory containing the files gt select a file 8 In the IDL command line type y gt Enter From then on all the H_archive 2DS_ Ns txt files will be read and combined in a single archive file saved in the same directory as the smaller archive files 3 2 4 Additional Notes e To batch archiving with the clean option of removing noise only you should click the archive multi Ice ascii WS button instead of the archive multi Ice ascii button and follow the same instructions as above SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 29 February 2
8. Bin as above for counts PSD Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 Ice Mass PSD g m um For each size bin the formula for bin height 1s 0 917 x K x S Adj x x L X 4 PXS X strbsz bin width um x SV defaute conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 LI1 and area gt 2 where K unit Liquid Mass PSD g m um K x X Adj x 2 X a PXS X sirbsz bin _ width um x SV gejaut conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 LI and area gt 2 where K unit Method 4 M4 All In Ring Spot Adjusted Spheres A For each time bin of size At SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 38 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Concentration 2 lay where Adj ay ow where default SV SA ona 4 actual SA 127 L x min pxs strbsz x min d d _ 4 and Adjz O if either edge pixel is shaded F 0 Where dy mm 5 13 4 n x L x min pxs strbsz 4 1000 and where K unit conversion factor Also reject events for which L5 gt 2 1 L1 or L5 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 Counts time series Simply plot the number of accepted particle events per time bin 1 ogee x K x X Adj x L x pxs x strbsz Extinction Km 2 yA where K unit default conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4
9. CS fo 0 00 m 15 43 08 15 43 10 15 43 13 15 43 15 15 43 18 15 43 20 15 43 23 15 43 25 15 43 28 Figure 63 PSDs are plotted as well To view them click on the Particle Size Dist Plots tab These are also crude quick look products using 1Hz data files The zoomed in data window allows for a much more in depth data analysis In order to access these options select Hi Res and click UPDATE The start and end times can be changed by typing new time values in the Stime and Etime boxes and clicking the UPDATE button SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 15 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice To save any time series or PSD plot as an image click the Save png button in the drop list To save the plot as an ASCII file click the Save ascii button To print a plot click the Print button The ST button on the left is for displaying stereo images which 1s currently not used The HK is for displaying the Housekeeping data Figure 14 is an example of the plots obtained by selecting HK This data is used primarily by SPEC Inc It can also be used for troubleshooting S HKzoomed 15 43 08 000 000 000 to 15 43 28 000 000 000 j ioj x Help Notes save_config load_contig save_png Print save_ascil Reset z070806121344_154254_154348_0000 bin HK dT 52 0s 15 43 08 000 000 000 15 43 28 000 Pannel 1
10. computer process all the sorted data files in the selected directory sax Here are all Sored 2D5 data files which are Found in current directory for overnight processing Better tt tet tet teeter et etter Clanslarn_June_1_2009SSORTEDOS10311 23842 1235842 129925 0000 205 CNlanslan_June_1_20055S0RTEDOS10311 23842 71239921_123941_0001 205 CNlanslarn_Jurne_1_2009 SO0RTEDOS1031 123842 123959 124004 0002 205 CNlanslan_June_1_20035S0RTEDOS10S1 123842 124002 124022 0005 2D5 CNlanslarn_June_1_2009 50RTEDOS1OS1 123842 124020 124049 0004 205 CNlanslan_June_1_200355S0RTEDOS10S1 123642 124047 124110_0005 205 CNlanslarn_Jurne_1_20095S0RTEDOS10S1 123842 124108 124132 _0006 205 CNlanslan_June_1_20095S0RTEDOS10311 23842 1241730_124156_ 0007 205 CNlarnslarn_June_1_20095S0RTEDOS10S1 123842 124154 124225 0008 205 CNlanslan_June_1_2003 S0RTEDUS10S1 123642 124221_ 124246 0009 205 CNlanslarn_June_1_20055S0RTEDOSIOS1 123642 124244 12450 0010205 Clanslarn_June_1_20095SO0RTEDOS10311 23842 1243505 125945 0011 205 CNlanslan_June_1_20035550RTEDOS10311 23842 71255941_130003_0012 205 CNlanslarn_June_1_2009 S0RTEDOS10311 23642 730001_0013 205 bbtbtt rrtt ttt ttt ttti titititi titititi Are pou sure to do above files 7 yes no Enter y or ri ANSWER C kl e Locals Figure 26 The sorted files will be processed one at a time in order Some initial plots and warning messages will pop up be saved and deleted The original GUI screen will rem
11. default H diode Tracet Hdiode0 trace Hdiodeb4 v Trace3 Hdiodel27 so Hdiaded HdiodeS4 Hdiadel2 J o 1 4 15 43 08 15 43 10 15 43 13 15 43 15 15 43 18 15 43 26 15 43 23 15 43 25 15 43 28 n time 1 blue HdiodeO 2 red Hdiode 4 V 3 Black Hdiode127 V 3 0 Pannel 2 default V diode 28 Tracet Vdiode0 zZ Dp gt 2 5 amp Trace2 Vdiode64 x o T 2 0 Trace diodel27 g 1 5 gt 15 43 08 16 43 10 15 43 13 15 43 15 15 43 18 15 43 26 15 43 23 15 43 25 15 43 28 time 1 blue VdiodeOd 2 red Vdiodeb4 3 Black Vdiodel 27 V a F Pannel 2 default Tas Press 5 29000 T Tracet tas hed 1500 Q Trace2 VertLaserD x o 000 z z Trace3 HorizL aserD x 500 oO 2 15 43 08 15 43 10 15 43 13 15 43 15 15 43 18 15 43 26 15 43 23 15 43 25 15 43 28 time 1 blue tas m s 2 red VYertLoserD V 3 Black HorizLaserD Figure 14 Note Click update after changing any options in the zoomed data window 2 5 2 Comparing time series Use the CompTMS button to compare time series parameters In this window different sizing methods arrays and parameters can be plotted and compared Sizing methods are described in Appendix A ASCII and image files can be saved from this window SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 16 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 8i cmp_tms data
12. filling During data collection a diode may become noisy If the condition is serious enough the real time software will detect this and ignore mask the diode This results in a white line running the length of any particle image that includes the mask diode Examples are shown in Fig and Fig 2 Playback has an option to fill these lines within particle images Click tool then mask bit replacement a window entitled Mask Bit Recovery settings appears Enable mask filling here and set the maximum number of consecutive masked diodes that can be filled Filling these artificial white lines is important for the measurement of area which also affects length when sizing corrections are used It is even more important to filled masked diodes when they are the edge diode since that diode is used to determine if an image is complete or not q Image with white stripe SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 5 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice pP EEE ae SS i a Wi SPEC 2D5 data collection and processing progran File Tools Window Help Maximum Playback RUN Async Setup w Mask Bit Recovery Settings Ioj x Maximiunn width of mask bits that will be recovered 5 Enable Mask Bit Recovery a Bitmap Display Rate gt Ma Analog Settings Housekeeping Display Processed Data v Use Display S
13. for the bead data we will have to use the along the array size L4 as the bead s speeds through the probe varied unless TAS is well adjusted and speeds don t vary too much aan L Lg is just as L7 above except instead of Dmax Lg use D A aa Gin both 1 L and Lg above we are using L4 instead of the possibly more logical Ls because of the tilted arrays giving skewed images Lg tries to account for elongated images with the ratio L3 Li For both L7 and Lg above L4 should be used for in focus images at the 90 level I E after calculating L7 and Lg replace their values with L s value for the subset of data that is in focus at the 90 or better level Adj is calculated as follows SV ejault SA ejault i oy 7 oa SV lefa LAS x At x SA default SV TASxAtx SA _ al SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 33 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice SV stands for sampled volume Liters SA for sample area mm2 TAS m s the speed of air through the probe sample area and At seconds the time period of the measurement SA team 128 x pxs xd Where pxs 0 01 mm 10 um is the optically realized size of the array elements and dww 63 mm 6 3 cm is the window to window distance Strbsz is the pixel size in the TAS direction strobe size and should also 10 um but could differ if th
14. image centers per diode across the array for diodes having more than a minimum number of image center counts This minimum number is Mt 3 X VMt where Mt is the mean number of image centers per diode across the array for all diodes If less than 33 diodes satisfy the requirement of having more than Mt counts then M is The 4000 images includes all images whether rejected by previous steps or not and is updated every 100 images so that the 4000 images are approximately centered on the current image If the file contains less than 4000 images then all images are used 4000 was chosen because of the approximate match between the mean 4000 128 31 and threshold SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 44 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice calculated from all diodes Mt and M are recalculated after bad diodes are identified ignoring those diodes and the process repeated until no diodes exceed the threshold An image whose center falls on a bad diode is rejected unless it meets one of the following criteria i L 15 and L gt 15 and A gt 0 7 X A ii L 4 and L gt 4 and A 0 5 X A and L gt 0 25 X Ls and L lt 50 iii L L4 and L Ls and L2 2 and A 0 5 X A Figure B 3 shows an example of noisy diode data and the distribution of image centers across the array 120 36 100 106 8
15. strbsz into the size bins The first size bin has events for which L 1 and the bin edges are 0 5 strbsz and 1 5 strbsz the n size bin has events for which L n and n 0 5 strbsz and n 0 5 strbsz as bin edges Concentration PSD L um For each size bin the formula for bin height is K x gt Adj l er dth gam x SV prun where the sum is over all events in that size bin and Where K unit conversion factor Bin as above for counts PSD Area PSD mm7 L um For each size bin the formula for bin height is K x gt Adj x A bin _ width pam x SV pran where the sum is over all events in that size bin and A Area x pxs x strbsz 1000000 and Where K unit conversion factor so the units come out Bin as above for counts PSD Ice Mass PSD g m um K Adj x min a x A p es L x strbsz K x a where bin _ width um XSV aera A Area x pxs x strbsz 1000000 a 0 115 B 1 218 o 0 917 and where K and K gt are unit conversion factors Liquid Mass PSD g m um K xX Adj x s x L x strbsz bin _ width pam x SV jor Where K unit conversion factor SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 35 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Method 2 M2 All in along array For each time bin of size At Concentration L Kx ay where default SV default t
16. the cursor over single particles displays the size and other parameters in the lower left hand corner An enlarged image of the particle is displayed as shown in Figure 10 2 4 Artifact Removal The BIN files contain all the data captured by the 2D S Probe This includes noise splashed and shattered events as well as valid images The program has the ability to remove unwanted data Using the cleaning functions creates concentrated data for the time series and particle size distribution plots Before quantitative analysis there are two options for data filtering Clean all Removes noise shattering and splashing Clean noise Removes noise only To use the cleaning functions 1 Specify the type of cleaning by clicking the corresponding icon on the toolbar 2 A text box will ask for an aspect ratio as shown in figure 11 If the cloud is known to be liquid enter in 2 0 If the cloud is known to be ice enter a larger value SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 13 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 2101 please input your roundness aspect ratio definition For Liquid The aspect ratio should be 2 0 which gives 1 2 0 5 and which meanes if Lin GE 0 5 L5 and L5 GE 0 5 L1n or L5 gt 50 then roundness 1 For Ice The aspect ration should be 100 0 which gives 1 100 0 01 and which meanes if Lin GE 0 01 L5 and L5 GE
17. the following information 1 The V channel automatic noise removal is being used 2 Of the 828565 images it has examined 115000 particles 3 The end of the third loop noise removal process for the H channel was done at time Wed Jun 10 12 52 04 2009 and etc SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 23 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice As each SORTED 2DS file is processed many files are generated and saved in sub directories labeled datal data2 data3 etc in the directory where the original SORTED 2DS files are stored These files are initial plots of the file and warning messages encountered when loading the data file the auto clean results and the horiz bin and vert bin files The most important two files are H_archive_2DS _xxxx_Ns txt and V_archive_2DS _xxxx_Ns txt They are located in the subdirectory png under the datal data2 data3 and etc These two files Contain the 1Hz concentration extinction ice water content time series and particle size distributions The header lines contain the detail data format of the archive file 3 1 2 Archiving Images After H_archive 2DS_ Ns txt and V_archive_2DS_ Ns txt 1Hz archive files are generated for each sorted 2DS file the a2dsview software can be used on the data To archive the images 1 Select Archive Multi Liq png from the png drop down list see
18. which can be a surrogate for the outer diameter of an out of focus ring L then is a surrogate for the inner diameter of the ring as it is SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 32 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice the number of white pixels for the strip that defined Ly If there are two or more strips for which L4 is maximized then let Le be the maximum value for those strips L is the Alexei scheme corrected size as follows First of all use the maximum value of the two inside perimeter area estimates Next we simply use the table at the end of Alexei s report For each image we have a total area A2 max of 2 inside perimeter area estimates from Alexei s Matlab algorithm and an image area shaded pixels also in Alexei s code but we already have this A We take the square root of 1 minus the ratio of the later to the former We look up the closest value in the appropriate column of the table that is the Dspot Dmax column we are using table 40 shadow depth We find the corresponding value in the 2nd column that is the Dmax Do column We take the inverse of that and multiply by Dmax to obtain Do which is our corrected size estimate for the bead If the corrected size Do is larger than the original size Dmax do not use the correction use Dmax instead For round images Dmax might be better estimated from total area but
19. 0 62 102 121 O00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 DO0O000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ooo OOOO OOOO images centered on this diode A er N AN MAN ol iu 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 diode SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 45 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice R Zoomed Showing Horizontal channel from 12 55 57 488 083 894 to 12 55 57 491 973 147 Pi Generate_images_png_pages A Ta ac ann 1onnm Figure B 3 Shows an example of noisy diode data intermixed with good particle data The images highlighted in yellow are rejected Labels in red point to images centered on diodes determined to be bad too noisy by the criteria described in the text and exemplified in the particle center location distribution shown above 5 This final step is another loop through the data but is applied only if the current precipitation status is yes The current precipitation status is yes if there is one or more particle s with L7 gt 100 microns in the 10000 particles accepted by the previous 4 cleaning steps centered approximately on the current particle It is approximately centered because the precipitation status is updated only every 100 particles Instead of for every particle to improve speed
20. 011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice e To do batch archiving without removing noise you should click the archive multi Ice ascii NC button instead of the archive multi Ice ascii button and follow the same instructions above e Clicking the Archive this Ice ascii or archive this Ice png in the initial zoomed window will archive the current loaded data file in whatever cleaning state the data is in If it is cleaned already it will archive it using only the accepted images If it is not cleaned it will use all images to do the archive etc e The make multi pbyp asciis is a spare button for future use and it currently has no function e Clicking any of the Make N ascii Liq Make N ascii ice Make N ascii Liq WS Make N ascii ice WS Make N ascii NC will batch generate many zoomed txt ascii files that contain information of each particle in each line for users to do their own data processing and analysis 1f they choose to SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 30 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Appendix A Derived Parameters Methods Equations in 2DSView Derived parameters are as follows Timestamp Index of same event s image in the sorted file
21. 5 4 Viewing the 2D S images from a selected time interval 1 In the zoomed data window Figure 13 check the box to the left of Filter if accepted images only are desired for both display and processing Unclick the filter box to process and display using all the images accepted and rejected Rejected images will be highlighted with a yellow background 2 Click the desired _Hstrip or stip button Si Zoomed Showing Horizontal channel from 15 43 20 262 806 797 to 15 43 21 304 768 039 44 4 gt gt gt oo Cleaning by start End Clicks Label_one_image_as_bad_with_one_click Off On L8 13 99 PC3 x 0 000 0 000 PC4 xy 0 000 6 500 NoiseType 00000000 Area sq um 16300 42 alexei 163 WS_t tick 8_t clean 2621 Roundness 0 or 1 1 0 Warn Figure 17 SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 18 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice If the filter box is not checked images will be displayed including accepted particles noise splashes and shatters The rejected images are red and are highlighted in yellow as shown in figure 18 Si Zoomed Showing Horizontal channel from 15 43 20 003 126 470 to 15 43 20 999 425 032 l oj x a v o 2 i il o o G a 2 ry R o i a o Pols i E ad j a m x r gt O o 2 9 T 4 if Cc uw o o pipi i a
22. Another parameter the current mean inter particle time aveW8 is similarly updated every 100 particles and calculated as the average inter particle time between the 10000 images accepted by the previous 4 cleaning steps centered approximately on the current particle All the particles in the previous second are used instead of 5000 particles if there are less than 5000 particles in the previous second similarly for the following 5000 particles or second If aveW8 gt 40000 then C 2000 and C 8000 If aveW8 lt 40000 then C4 0 05 X aveW8 and C 0 2 X aveW8 A particle is rejected if the precipitation status is yes and either a the particle s inter particle time or the following particle s inter particle time is less than C or b both the particle s inter particle time and the following particle s inter particle time are less than C2 Finally a i The precipitation status and current mean waiting time are updated every particle instead of every 100 if the valid particle rate is slower than 1000 per second averaged over the surrounding 0 2 seconds SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 46 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice variable adjg 1s calculated for each image It is O for rejected images 1 for accepted images if precipitation status is no When precipitation status is yes then for accept
23. D5 8 SORTEDO81031123842_124305_125943_0011 2D5 2 SORTEDO81031123842_125941_130003_0012 2D5 2 SORTEDOS1031123842_130001_0013 2D5 My Documents Pr My Computer Select any SORTED QDS file E My ater File name SORTEDOS1031123842_123921_123941_000 7 laces Files of type sors O Cancel ASCII Drop down list with Figure 20 Archive option 4 Return to the IDL front screen All of the files for overnight processing will be displayed 5 If all the files are present type y gt Enter in the IDL command line This will make the computer process all the sorted data files in the selected directory SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 22 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice sass Here are all Sorted 2D5 data files which are Four in current directory for overnight processing Peete et tet te tet ett tte eee et ere ete re CNlanslarn_June_1_2009SSORTEDOS10311 23842 1235842 129925 0000 205 CSlanslarn_June_1_20055S0RTEDOS10311 23642 71239521_123941_0001 205 CNlanslarn_Jurne_1_2009 S0RTEDOS10S1 123842 1239939 124004 0002 205 CNlanslan_June_1_20095S0RTEDOS10S1 123642 124002 124022 0005 2D5 CNlanslarn_June_1_2009 S0RTEDOS1OS1 123842 124020 124049 0004 205 CNlanslan_June_1_20035S0RTEDOS10S1 123842 124047 124110_0005 205 CNlanslarn_Jurne_1_20095S0RTEDOS10S1 123842 124108 124132 _0006 205 CNlanslan_
24. Figure 20 2 A window will ask how many images per second to archive This is dependent upon cloud type and computing power Type the desired number of images per second and press Enter Only the first images up to that number will be archived each second The images are saved in the subdirectory png under the corresponding datal data2 data3 etc subdirectory 3 1 3 Combining the archived liquid ASCII files To combine all the smaller archive files into a single data file for the whole flight a separate IDL program is used To combine all ASCII files follow these steps 1 Copy all H_archive_2DS _Ns txt into one folder or directory 2 Start IDL 3 Click File gt Open Find 2dsview_ver gt combine_Liq_Ns_archive_61bins_HorV pro 4 Click Run gt Compile combine_Lig_Ns_archive_61bins_HorV pro Ctrl F5 5 Click Run gt Run combine_Lig_Ns_archive_61bins_HorV pro F5 SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 24 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice we 4 Personal use license for Paul Lawson only File Edit Search Run Project Macros Window Help Step 5 B g Compile Combine_Lig_Ns_archive_Files_of_61bins_Hor pro CtrlF Stepo4 Compile Combine_Lig_Ns_archive_files_of_61bins_Hor pro from Memory 7 g Compile All Run Combine_Lig_Ns_archive_files_of_61bins_Hor F K pB Resolve Dependencies Profil
25. It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 IC 3 0 917 x K x X Adj x x L x y pxs x strbsz IWC g m 6 Sy where K unit default conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 1 3 Kx Adj x x L x 4 pxs x strbsz LWC g m oe SV where K unit default conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 Counts PSD For each size bin the formula for bin height is simply the number of particles in that size bin Use size bins with width equal to pxs x strbsz for now Bin L7 x pxs x strbsz into the size bins The first size bin has edges of 0 5 J pxs x strbsz and 1 5 pxs x strbsz the n size bin has n 0 5 4J pxs x strbsz and n 0 5 pxs x strbszas bin edges Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 Do not adjust bin heights by multiplying by the ratio of total events to accepted events Concentration PSD L um For each size bin the formula for bin height is K x a i WEA R Voa where the sum is over all events in that size bin SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 39 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice and where K unit conversion factor Bin as above for counts PSD Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 Area PSD mm L um For each size bin
26. June_1_20095S0RTEDOS10311 23642 124730_124156_ 0007 205 CNlanslarn_Jurne_1_2009550RTEDOS10S1 123842 124154 124225 0008 205 CNlanslan_June_1_2003 SO0RTEDUS1OS1 123642 124221_ 1244246 0009 205 CNlanslarn_June_1_20055S50RTEDOSTOS1 123042 124244 124507 0010205 Clanslarn_June_1_20095SO0RTEDOS10311 23842 124505 125943 0011 205 CNlanslan_June_1_20035550RTEDOS10311 23842 7125541_130003_0012 205 CNlanslarn_June_1_2009 S0RTEDOSIO311 23642 730001_0013 205 Bt tetettetet etter ttt tet ttt tetet tate tetet ett et ett tate Are wou sure to do above files 7 yes no Enter y or ri ANSWER C kl fa Locals Figure 21 The sorted files will be processed one at a time in order Some initial plots and warning messages will pop up be saved and deleted The original GUI screen will remain open and the progress is displayed in the status bar The IDL standard output screen will also display some steps that the archiving process has reached Particles Processed Wet Autocleanl a w 115000 of 228565 a Td of third loop true ave wt calculation Hed Jun 10 12 52 04 2009 T eddun 10 12 52 04 2009nnn 30 ota Current pine H channel Cleaning AI p Process edJun 10 12 52 04 2009nnn 891888 Particles egin WEL t_bemp calculation wed Jun 10 12 52 14 2009 dw t_temp calculaton y4yfed Jun 10 1452 14 2009 File Being Name Processed ANSWER i mf Locas System a ance b Ready Figure 22 The status bar in Figure 22 displays
27. O81031123842_123939_124004_0002 2D5 My Recent 3 SORTEDO81031123842_124002_124022_0003 2D5 Documents 3 SORTEDO81031123842_124020_124049_0004 2D5 png Drop Down List 3 SORTEDO81031123842_124047_124110_0005 2D5 8 SORTEDO81031123842_124108_124132_0006 2D5 Desktop 2 SORTEDO81031123842_124130_124156_0007 2D5 2 SORTEDO81031123842_124154_124223_0008 2D5 2 SORFEPRSTIG 123842_124221_124246_0009 2D5 3 SORTEDO81031 123842_124244_124307_0010 2D5 8 SORTEDO81031123842_124305_125943_0011 2D5 My Documents pE My Computer K Select any a SORTEDO81031123842_125941_130003_0012 2D5 a SORTED081031123842_130001_0013 2D5 SORTED 2DS file gt e E File name soRTEDOS1031123842_123921_123941_000 cau Files of type sors O Cancel ASCII Drop down list with Figure 24 Archive option 4 A pop up window with the ice archiving options is shown in Figure 25 See Appendix A for a description of the options Ice_archive_options x ol x Archive MW ME M4 M2 M Accept Figure 25 5 Click Accept SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 26 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 6 Return to the IDL front screen All of the files for overnight processing will be displayed 7 If all the files are present type y gt Enter in the IDL command line This will make the
28. SI Messages generated while loading the data file 10 x File Warning vothere are T S tb eg and area gt 0 0 Index and 3 Area 104 0 40 40 Index and 3 Malice 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 Index and 3 Ticks 1 16822198536 1682219939 1682220518 Figure 8 Example of the warning messages window that pops up after loading the bin files Once this is completed three time series are displayed for concentration extinction and ice water content see figure 9 If the file contains more than 300 seconds the data is coarsely binned into 300 segments for quick look using the 1 Hz data file that was generated upon opening the BIN file If the file is less than 300 seconds then the 1 Hz data is used directly These 1 Hz data are for quick look only The processing uses a crude length parameter L see appendix A and no artifact rejection SPEC Using 2D S View Software February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Page 11 81 Showing data from SORTEDS1031123847_ 12741274 _174149_0007 2D5 i Ioj x File Vertical Particle Cencentration E a 5 E 2x10 a 1x10 a ma E Tapiz qai 128 1241 30 250 Laid Fo 124138 500 12 41 39 625 1m4 rD Lato ts 12149 000 Bin Vertical Particle Extinetion 20 Extinction Bom Of ma oe 2 a a 121412 4 000 qar 12h 122417550 250 12 41 33 375 12341258 500 12141539 625 arate 70 121th 87
29. ain open where the progress is displayed in the status bar The IDL standard output screen will also print out some of the steps the archiving the process has reached SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 27 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Particles ee Processed Wet Autoclearnl w 115000 of 20565 J Ad of third loop true ave wet calculation Hed Jun 10 12 52 04 2009 Total edun 10 12 52 04 2009rnnn 30 Current pne H channel Cleaning AI Particles ed Jun 10 1452404 2009rnn 891858 Process egin WEL temp calculation wed Jun 10 12 52 14 2009 dw _t_temp calculation y4yfed Jun 10 1452 14 2009 File Being Name Processed ANSWER T Enis NE System 4 SFP DL Ready melee hee ee OF a mi Figure 27 The status bar in figure 27 gives the following information 1 The V channel automatic noise removal is being used 2 Of the 828565 images it has examined 115000 particles 3 The end of the third loop noise removal process for the H channel was done at time Wed Jun 10 12 52 04 2009 As each SORTED 2DS file is processed many files are generated and saved in a sub directory labeled datal data2 data3 etc in the directory where the original SORTED 2DS files are stored These files are initial plots of the file warning messages encountered when loading the data file the auto clean results
30. and the horiz bin and vert bin files The most important two files are H_archive_2DS xxxx_Ns txt and V_archive_2DS _xxxx_Ns txt They are located in the subdirectory png under the datal data2 data3 and etc These two files contain the 1Hz concentration extinction ice water content times series and particle size distributions The header lines contain the detail data format of the archived file 3 2 2 Archiving Images After H_archive 2DS_ Ns txt and V_ archive 2DS_ Ns txt 1Hz archive files are generated for each sorted 2DS file the a2dsview software can be used on the data To archive the images 1 Select Archive Multi Ice png from the png drop down list see Figure 20 2 A window will ask how many images per second to archive This is dependent upon cloud type and computing power Type in the desired number of images per second and press Enter The images are saved in the subdirectory png under the corresponding datal data2 data3 etc subdirectory SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 28 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 3 2 3 Combining the archived Ice ASCII files To combine all the smaller archive files into a single data file for the whole flight a separate IDL program is used To combine all ASCII files follow these steps 1 Copy all H_archive_2DS _Ns txt into one folder or directory
31. another file SPEC2DS ocx located in the WINNT system32 folder needs to be replaced In order to replace it you need to unregister the previous version and then copy over the file and re register it To do this click on Windows Start button and click Run In command line type Regsvr32 u c winnt system32 spec2ds ocx A box should pop up confirming the registry change was successful Copy in new ocx file and type Regsvr32 c winnt system32 spec2ds ocx After another confirmation the program is updated Installing 2DSview 2DSview comes in a folder the only step to installing 2DSview is to set the IDL path to this folder Open Project file and follow directions as detailed in Section 6 1
32. at has been named the in focus only option To access this go back to the first main 2D S_view window and click the use in focus only check box You must also select a value from the drop down list Value options are 0 9 0 8 and 0 7 This filters the data to use only those images that are at least 90 80 or 70 shaded This could be accomplished via the Boolean option as well The difference is that when using the check box the sample volume is adjusted using depth of Field values for in focus particles 3 0 2D S Data Batch Processing Archiving As described in playback processing section 1 0 after many split sorted files are generated the data can be processed in batch mode allowing the computer to run over night When processing batches all the SORTED files are converted to BINS and an All Clean filter is applied to them This allows large quantities of data to be processed and filtered for use at a later date The batch processing can be done in Liquid mode or Ice mode When the user knows if the 2 DS probe is flying through liquid cloud by looking at the temperature or by observing the playback image types the batch processing should be done in Liquid mode When the probe is flying in the ice cloud the user should use Ice mode SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 21 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 3 1 Liquid mo
33. cessi S ceecee a e 22 2 kbiEArHvnc ASCH HleSrcarieen i ana asiakn Sout tase 22 ILZ Aremvine HMA SCS e a eeu eam 24 3 1 3 Combining the archived liquid ASCII files 0 0 eee 24 S14 ACditOmal NOES setsrtoesicdetecestehoes enteral a eteiene 25 3 2 lce mod Batch Processing siisii ion a a 26 Ja LArCHVvINe lee ASCH Biles ucarana 26 92 2 ATC MININ TAE S a S 28 3 2 3Combining the archived Ice ASCH files 29 PA Add ONIL IN OVCS creeerde a cienecesansiwnia ae E 29 Appendix A Derived Parameters Methods Equations in 2D S View 31 Appendix B Artifact removal algorithm ccccccccsseesssecceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeees 4 SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 2 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 1 0 2D S Pre Processing Processing 2D S data first requires the Spec2D Executable written in C and Visual Basic and referred to as Playback After some initial processing with Playback the main processing and display of 2D S data is accomplished via 2D S view an IDL based program After a data file has been recorded the first step to analyzing the data is to open the Executable program which is the same program used to record the data file With the program open click on the folder icon i It will prompt you to open a baseY YMMDDHHMMSS 2DS which is a raw data file It is binary and the images are compressed
34. de Batch processing 3 1 1 Archiving ASCII Files 1 Copy all sorted 2ds and the associated HK_bin 2ds HK_TXT 2ds and Log_TXT 2ds files into the same directory 2 Get IDL started and follow the steps described in section 1 1 1 3 The initial GUI screen will appear Select archive multi Liq ascii from the drop down list A dialog window will appear for the user to select an input file of type Sorted 2DS as displayed in Figure 20 Navigate to the directory containing the SORTED 2ds data that requires processing Click on one of the sorted files and then click open on the lower right corner That please select a file window will disappear SJ SPEC 2DS iew ersion 0 59 o xi File wile 4 vial CleanAll CleanNaise o s UselnFocusOnly Archive_Multi_Liq ascii x Archive_this_png x Make_N_ascii_help x Look in lan_June_1_2009 J eE Please Select a File Fe SORTEDO81031123842_123921_123941_0001 2D5 a 3 SORTEDOS1031 123842_123939_124004_0002 2D5 My Recent 8 SORTEDOS1031123842_124002_124022_0003 2D5 Documents 3 SORTEDO81031123842_124020_124049_0004 2D5 png Drop Down List 3 SORTEDO81031123842_124047_124110_0005 2D5 8 SORTEDO81031123842_124108_124132_0006 2D5 Desktop 2 SORTEDO81031123842_124130_124156_0007 2D5 3 SORTEDO81031 123842_124154_124223_0008 2D5 2 SORTERRSTIN 1 123842_124221_124246_0009 2D5 3 SORTEDO81031 123842_124244_124307_0010 2
35. e Test GU Ctrl T Break Ctrl Break Stop Ctrl R Reset Step Into Fg Step yer F10 Step Out Gtr F6 Trace Run to Gursor Eo 6 You will be prompted to select H or V This determines whether it is the horizontal or vertical files being combined 7 Go to the directory containing the files gt and select a file 8 In the IDL command line type y gt Enter From then on all the H_archive 2DS_ Ns txt files will be read and combined in a single archive file saved in the same directory as the smaller archive files 3 1 4 Additional Notes To batch archive with the clean option of removing noise only you should click the archive multi Liq ascii WS button instead of the archive multi Liq ascii button and follow the same instructions above To do batch archiving without doing any removal of noise click the archive multi Liq ascii NC button instead of the archive multi Liq ascii button and follow the same instructions above Clicking the Archive this liq ascii or archive this Lig png in the initial zoomed window will archive the current loaded data file in what ever cleaning state the data is in If it is cleaned already it will archive it using only the accepted images If it is not cleaned it will use all of the images to do the archive etc The make multi pbyp asciis is a spare button for future use and it currently has no functionality Clicking any of the Mak
36. e N ascii Liq Make N ascii ice Make N ascii Liq WS Make N ascii ice WS Make N ascii NC will batch generate many zoomed txt ascii files that contain information about each particle in each line for users to do their own data processing and analysis if they choose to SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 25 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 3 2 Ice mode Batch processing 3 2 1 Archiving Ice ASCII Files 1 Copy all sorted 2ds and the associated HK_bin 2ds HK_TXT 2ds and Log_TXT 2ds files into the same directory 2 Get IDL started and follow the steps described in section 1 1 1 3 The initial GUI screen will appear Select archive multi Ice ascii from the drop down list A dialog window will appear for the user to select an input file of type Sorted 2DS as displayed in Figure 20 Navigate to the directory containing the SORTED 2ds requiring processing Click on one of the sorted files and then click open on the lower right corner That please select a file window will disappear B SPEC 2DS iew ersion 0 59 i 0 x File wlz a CleanAll CleanNaise os 7 UselnFocusOnly Archive_Multi_Liq ascii x Archive_this_png x Make_N_ascii_help x Look in lan_June_1_2009 J eE Please Select a File Pe HSORTEDO81031123842_123921_123941_0001 2D5 a 17 SORTED
37. e aircraft flies too quickly or an incorrect TAS is sent to the probe during data acquisition SA 127 L xstrbsz pxs x pxs x min d yd y where dor stands for depth of field and d mm F x L x strbsz san 1000 where Fagor 5 13 um PC can be found as the halfway point between the edge points of the image on the array for the slice that defined L PC can be found as the center of the circle that defined L3 Methods Equations Method 1 M1 TAS direction all particles For each time bin of size At Concentration L K x Lii Where K unit conversion factor default Counts time series the number of particle events per time bin Extinction Km 2xKx Adj x Area x pxs x n Where K unit default conversion factor SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 34 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice K Adj x minfa x A p a L x strbsz J IWC g m K x KER Cy where A default Area x pxs x strbsz 1000000 a 0 115 B 1 218 0 917 and where K and K gt are unit conversion factors 3 K x Adj x ae L x strbsz LWC g m 6 SV Where K gt is unit conversion default factor Counts PSD For each size bin the formula for bin height is simply the number of particles in that size bin Use size bins with width equal to strbsz for now Bin L x
38. e filtering parameter from the drop down list 3 Use Boolean logic from the drop down list to add filter conditions 4 If using numerical values insert a space between the logic and numerical value 5 Hit UPDATE The IDL syntax for the Boolean symbols is defined below And And Or Or Not Not Eq Equal to Ne Not equal to Ge Greater than or equal to Gt Greater than Le Less than or equal to Lt Less than Multiply Addition Subtraction Used for order of operations For example if user types L1n gt 10 are entered the filter box is checked and the Update button is clicked only those accepted and rejected particles with size Lln greater than 10 pixels will be selected and displayed in the H strip and V strip fields These will also be used to make the time series and PSD plots Figure 19 shows an example of when Lin gt 10 was input for updated processing SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 20 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Sj Zoomed Showing Horizontal channel from 15 43 21 668 681 960 to 15 43 25 592 876 993 Generate_images_png_pages Cleaning by start End Clicks Label_one_image_as_bad_with_one_click Off C On 1 PC3 x y 48 618 6 735 PC4 x 0 500 6 500 Roundness 0 or 1 1 0 Warn Figure 19 Another way to filter the data in a very specific way is to use wh
39. ed images we calculate a new true average inter particle time TaW the average inter particle time of particles accepted by all the steps minus C Then calculate k 1 Be 4 haan 1 era 3 k is limited to a maximum of 0 9 and then jg adjo is used i k elsewhere in the algorithms for calculating concentrations etc to increase the weight of each accepted particle to account for those good particles rejected by the inter particle time criteria k is the fraction of events eliminated by the criteria given a true waiting time distribution with mean of TaW 1 cm is the probability of or 20 4 fraction of events with inter arrival times less than C 1 a is the 2C4 fraction of events eliminated due to the first criteria leaving rE not i Cz 4 2 eliminated by the first criteria Of those a fraction 1 el Faw are eliminated by the second criteria SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 47 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Appendix C Updating the 2DS Real Time Post Processing program The 2DS Real Time and Playback program is installed to a computer by an executable install program The program then needs to be updated with the latest version When SPEC releases a new version the executable needs to be replaced in the Program Files SPEC Inc SPEC2DS folder Occasionally
40. eparator c Pixel Histogram Raw Data Processing Mode Stuck Bit Handling Current Do Nothing TAS Source Set Probe IP Address Record Speed Mask Bit Replacement Include particle offset in output Ignore Housekeeping PC time differences Save Command Info to Disk Save E mit Figure 1 Example of the display used to enable masked diode filling 1 2 Dead diode replacement Similar to a noisy diode a dead diode leaves a white line running through particle images In this case however the real time software cannot detect and mask the diode Therefore playback has an option to add a diode to the mask during pre processing The dead diode must be identified first This is accomplished via the Pixel histogram analysis window Fig 3 The number of counts each diode has had is displayed Clicking in a numbered box turns it yellow and indicates that that diode will be considered masked for the next time playback is run That is adding diodes to the mask is a two step process First for the period being processed you must run playback monitor the histogram of counts display and click on any diodes that you want added to the mask Next exit and restart playback the clicked boxes remain yellow and this time they will be added to the mask for processing If a noisy diode is not detected and masked during data collection it may be detected during these same steps and also added to the mask This can sho
41. eserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Appendix B Removing Spurious 2D S Events 2D S raw data include spurious effects These are primarily from instrument noise and from splashing of precipitation Algorithms used to clean the data of the majority of these spurious effects while retaining the majority of the valid images are described here There are 5 quasi independent steps to the algorithm implemented via two loops through the data First Loop 1 Test for roundness 2 Test for splashing events based on black and white area considerations 3 Test for noise via line and dot patterns 4 Test for noise via statistics of particle center locations Second Loop 5 Test for splashing events based on inter event distances if the probe is in precipitation Each step will be described in detail after defining terms Four measures of image length are shown in figure A 1 Li is the number of slices pixels in the direction of travel for which the event lasted Lz is the number of shaded diodes pixels in the direction along the array for the slice for which the same quantity is maximized L is the number of diodes between and including the shaded end diodes for the slice that maximizes the same quantity Ls is the distance between and including the shaded end diodes considering all of the slices together Other size parameters are a c
42. file 1 Click the right Folder icon 2 Open the Data folder 3 Select a BIN for the desired time Again additional files are created in the data subfolder if they do not already exist These are 1 Hz data files There will be several pop up windows depicting the raw data and the images are automatically saved in the data folder These auto saved files are labeled horiz png Figure 7 is an example of the type of window that will appear The images can be viewed at any point from this point forward These are created primarily for SPEC programmers to detect and debug idiosyncratic corrupted data problems Unsorted Particle_nanas 109 4 5710x10 4 5705x10 4 5700x10 45595x104 45590x104 5585x104 4 565104 i 2 10 4x10 w10 axic 1x10 UnsortedY Particle_ticks 107 200 150 4100 FO i Sr 4x10 w10 axic 1x10 Unsorted Y True air 100 B0 T 60 mo 40 ml 20 i 210 4x10 w10 axi1c 1x10 Unsorted particle area CO ee io 4x10 w10 axic 1x10 heriz08 1031123842 _124124_1274149_6007 bin Figure 7 SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 10 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 4 Again a warning messages window pops up showing warnings of idiosyncratic data events This window is rarely empty but usually has several to a few dozen events An example is shown in Fig 8
43. from 15 43 08 000 000 000 to 15 43 28 000 000 000 10000 H 20000 Data Points i ol x Help Notes save_contig load_config save_png Print save_ascii secon 20 Nbins 300 Reset Update horiz070806121344_154254_154348_0000 bin dT 20 0s 15 43 08 000 000 000 15 43 28 000 TC 3 1 2x10 Compare Time Series df conc Trace 1 1 0x105 MIMI 7i CIH Picone Y _ 8 0x10 Trace 2 E 6 0x10 MIMI 7 CIV Picone il f Yminf0 00000 Ymax1000 00 9 a i 15 43 08 000 15 43 10 500 15 43 13 000 15 43 15 500 15 43 18 000 15 43 20 500 15 43 23 000 15 43 25 500 15 43 28 T Manualscaling blue M1 H conc mean 7 04E 003 red M1 V conc mean 5 68E 003 DeadT not Adjusted for Mean yet 30 2 compare Time Series df extinction Trace 1 ED MIMI cl gt plex E Trace 2 10 MIMI 7 CIV Plextn Yin 0 00000 Ymaxfi 0 0000 I Manual scaling A 0 M 15 43 08 000 15 43 10 500 15 43 13 000 15 43 15 500 15 43 18 000 15 43 20 500 15 43 23 000 15 43 25 500 15 43 28 blue M1 H extn Mean 1 96E 000 red M1Viextn mean 1 50E 000 DeadT not Adjusted for Mean yet 0 08 3 Compare Time Series df mass Trace 1 Mi cfH Pilwe Trace 2 MIMI YI CIV 7i Pilwe Y i j a i 0 00000 3 00000 i A ho foal A ee F ee EN S i S briny Putes hs Ymin Ymax 15 43 08 000 15 43 10 500 15 43 13000 15 43 15 500 15 43 18 000 15 43 20 500 15 43 23 000 15 43 25 500 15 43 28 e PUE M1 H Lwc mean 6 10E 003 red W1V Lwe meo
44. h 12341749 00 in Vertical Particle IWE D D C5 Oe G3 G2 D HAH 1204 124 000 Tet 1827 1 en 1241 30 250 1241 30 ari 12 41 36 T2 12 41 39 625 1ail 700 12 41 45 875 12341 4902 Move cursor to aranh to select specific data Figure 9 lee Woter Content By default the horizontal array time series are displayed The arrays can be switched by clicking on the _Y vertical or H horizontal icons located on the upper toolbar 2 3 Viewing Images To view the particle images before artifact rejection has been applied 1 Choose the desired array either vertical or horizontal 2 Move the cursor over any one of the three plots near the time you want to view 3 Single click a window similar to Figure 10 will open SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 12 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Ri Showing Horizontal channel from 16 47 35 095 179 304 to 16 47 35 224 014 608 10 x 16 47 35 185 110 695 PC3 x y 67 000 3 000 PC4 x 0 500 2 000 A3 9 696 Alexei 27 Figure 10 The arrows are used for changing the time interval The single arrow icons gt allow for moving the view one strip at a time The icons with two arrows gt gt fast forward and rewind The drop down list to the left of the arrows controls the length of time each strip is in the window while fast forwarding and rewinding Placing
45. install the 2D S view software follow these steps 1 Open IDL SPEC Using 2D S View Software February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Page 7 2 Click File gt Preferences gt Path and set the path to the 2DSview version folder first and IDL default second The window should look similar to the one below LIT x General Layout Graphics Editor Startup Fonts Path Search path wIE 2deview ver lt IDL_DEFAULT gt Insert Insert Standard Libraries Remove Expand A preceding check means search subdirectories M Enable Path Cache Reset Cancel Apply Help Figure 4 Click OK 4 In the command line at the bottom of the window type compile2dsview gt Enter 5 Type in the command line a2dsview gt Enter The following GUI window will open up oS SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 8 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice EET SPEC 2D5 iew ersion 0 59 gt lo x File pe FE H M CA CleanAll CleanNoise fos UselnFocusOnly Archive_this_liq_ascii Archive_this_png Make_N_ascil_help Status bar Figure 5 2 2 More pre processing Before performing quantitative analysis some additional pre processing steps must be done Fi
46. ist 0 9 0 8 0 70 2 5 Time Series and Particle Size Distribution PSD Plots 2 5 1 Zooming into a time interval 1 Click on the magnifying glass icon a 2 Click one of the three time series near the desired start time for analysis SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 14 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice 3 Click the desired end time for analysis This creates a smaller time interval to be examined Choosing small time periods significantly reduces subsequent processing time Similar to the previous window this new window initially displays concentration extinction and ice water content read from the 1 Hz data file described above on single time series plots both H and V are shown simultaneously here Figure 13 shows the zoomed in data window Si Zoomed data from 15 43 08 000 000 000 to 15 43 28 000 000 000 10000 H 20000 Data Points ioj xi Time Series Plots Payfele Size Dist Plots Particle Concentration H BLUE YV RED Deadtime H 0 000 Secs V 0 000 Secs axto Hi Res UPDATE 5 exiot Concentration x a 15 43 08 15 43 10 15 43 13 15 43 15 15 43 18 15 43 20 15 43 23 15 43 25 15 43 28 in Particle Extinction H BLUE Y RED Extinction 15 43 06 15 43 10 15 43 13 15 43 15 15 43 18 15 43 20 15 43 23 15 43 25 15 43 28 Bin Particle IWC H BLUE V RED Ice Water Contant
47. n 4 36E 003 DeadT nat Adjusted for Mean yet F Manual scaling criteria None a m3 g m3 co co o o a ao gt gt ho Figure 15 2 5 3 Comparing size distributions Use the CompPSD button to compare particle size distributions In this window different sizing methods arrays and parameters can be chosen plotted and compare Sizing methods are described in Appendix A Furthermore average values of counts concentration extinction and ice water content will be plotted when applicable SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 17 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice S cmp_psd data from 15 43 08 000 000 000 to 15 43 28 000 000 000 horiz070806121344 154254 154348 0000 bin i E ol x Her Seva FreaCis Loss SavPna Print Sav Reset log Y Xn 10 xm 2000 Yiog 7 Update more_annatation 1 MiM1 clH P bine MIMI CIV P bine 2MiM1 7 CIH 7 Picone M M1 Y clv 7 P conc 7 15 43 08 000 006 000 15 43 28 600 000 0G0 horizQ 7080612 1344_154254_154348_G006 bin dT 20 03 1000 19 bing bin L um L um 5 T 2 107 IN gt t E 3 E E a 2 a Ps E tot a E 195 107 107 10 100 1000 10 100 1000 Particle Sizefum Particle Size umn criteria None am M1 z clH Pfaea z mjm gt efv Placa x MiMi clH PlLwc mimi z cly pfw Figure 16 2
48. nit d efault conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 37 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice T 3 Kx Adj x x L x 4 pxs x strbsz LWC g m ZNA 6 k SV Where K unit d efault conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 Counts PSD For each size bin the formula for bin height is simply the number of particles in that size bin Use size bins with width equal to ypxs xstrbsz for now Bin L3 x pxs x strbsz into the size bins The first size bin has edges of 0 5 pxs x strbsz and 1 5 pxs x strbsz the n size bin has n 0 5 4J pxs x strbsz and n 0 5 pxs x strbszas bin edges Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 lt 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 Concentration PSD L um For each size bin the formula for bin height is K x X Adj E ni dth ym x SV prun where the sum is over all events in that size bin and where K unit conversion factor Bin as above for counts PSD Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 Area PSD mm L um For each size bin the formula for bin height is Z Kx Adj x L x pxs x strbsz l 2 Gi MARS where the sum is over all default events in that size bin and where K unit conversion factor
49. ompressed images but various simplifications to the file structure have been made For example the data SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 3 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice is sorted into time sequence A sorted data file is necessary to run 2D S view Playback also produces HK_BINY YMMDDHHMMSS 2DS HK_TXTY YMMDDHHMMSS 2DS and PAIRSYYMMDDHHMMSS 2DS files The first two contain probe housekeeping data in binary and ASCII forms respectively Thus these files allow the user to obtain the housekeeping data independently of 2D S view The Pair file is now obsolete Once you click yes you will return to the Main Display window File Tools Window Help Maximum Playback RUN H gt IbIH D iff V gt H _ _ ST l R Stereo Pairs 0 Settings Figure 2 Playback allows the user to look at images while pre processing the data By selecting the Maximum Playback RUN and choosing one of the two options Playback will create the 2D S view files as quickly as possible This option is to the right of the Help tab The option to not display timestamps is fastest The other option is quite slow To the right of the Folder icon there are four green buttons The farthest right is the Play button This button will play the file back at a speed set by clicking the icon to the right of the folder icon You can use the Pause button to st
50. op playback You can step through the data particle by particle using the Step button On the Main Display there is a Stereo Pair counter This area will display horizontal and vertical particles that arrived at nearly the same time Clicking the Settings button allows the user to set the detection settings SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 4 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Stereo Pair Detection Setting s Minimum Difference K0 Display Lower Limit 30000 Save Exit Figure 3 The Minimum Difference value defines the maximum acceptable difference allowed in 10 um slices between the end points of any two events one horizontal and one vertical If they pass this criterion the images could be stereo and they are displayed If the size of one of those events is larger than the display lower limit setting then Playback will stop upon displaying the images until the user indicates to continue again Click Save when you are done if you have changed the numbers and want the same settings next time This option is an early attempt at determining stereo particles It is currently considered obsolete in that more sophisticated determination has been implemented in 2DSview However for quicklook purposes this option can still be useful especially if a large value is used for the size discriminator 1 1 Masked diode
51. or L gt 35 and A gt 1 5 X A v L gt 2 2 X L7 and L gt 10 0 SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 43 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice If any of these five criteria are met the image 1s rejected 3 Figure B 2 shows some examples of noise generated images appearing in line plus dot patterns m mz a m m CU e wma z sr E E a g Figure B 2 Examples of line plus dot patterns caused by noisy diodes These are eliminated using the following criteria i Li A and L 1 and L gt 4 ii A lt 1 35 X L and L Ls and L gt 4 and L 2 iii L gt 10 and L gt 0 75 X A and L lt 1 5 X A v L4 Ls and A gt 0 9 X L X Ls and L 2 and L L4 vV L4 Ls and A gt 3 0 X A and L 2 vi L4 Ls and A gt 4 0 X A If any of these six criteria are met the image is rejected 4 The final step of this first cleaning loop is another noisy diode removal method based on the statistics of image center locations calculated over 4000 images approximately centered on the image being evaluated When a diode is noisy there are more image centers located on that diode than are located on quiet diodes A diode is labeled bad when it has more particle center locations than the threshold value TH max M 5xyM 1 5 Where M is the mean number of
52. orrected size for out of focus images based on Korolev 19 ref L7 the number of shaded pixels for the entire image summed over all slices A and an estimate of total number of pixels shaded or not for the entire image A The algorithm for A is part of the Korolev size correction method SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 42 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice II i lt L 4 m A Figure B 1 Two example particle images designed to demonstrate the four measures of image size described in the text 1 An image is determined to be round if L7 gt 0 5 x L5 and L5 gt 0 5 x L1 If an image is not round it is rejected An exception is made for the very large images that do not fit within the array If LS gt 50 500 um then an image is determined to be round if L gt 0 5 x L5 I E an image is determined to be round if L gt 0 5 x L5 and L5 gt 0 5 x LI or L5 gt 50 2 The larger a valid image is the greater the percentage of shaded pixels Splash effects often create large images that have lower percentages of shaded pixels than valid images The follow criteria are used to eliminate such spurious images i Ls gt 10 or L gt 10 and A gt 3 0 X A ii L gt 15 or L gt 15 and A gt 2 5 X A iii Ls gt 20 or L gt 20 and A gt 2 0 X A iv L gt 35
53. rst BIN files are needed 1 Click the left folder icon I This Brings up a list of all the sorted files created during the playback 2 Select the SORTED file with the desired time interval 3 Once the file is loaded a window displaying warning messages will pop up There may be messages regarding time inconsistencies found while processing the sorted file Usually there are no messages as the case shown in Fig 6 Sj Messages generated while loading the sorted data file ol x File Array dimensions must be greater than Unable to display E 00_data_for testing ver sorted0 70606121344 154052 154056 0000 warr oe Figure 6 Example of a warming messages window Once a file is selected a status bar in the lower left of the GUI window shows the number of particles counted The program will automatically generate the files required All the BIN files are placed into a subdirectory labeled data This process is only required one time for each sorted file The program automatically looks in the data subdirectory and uses the appropriate BIN file if it already exists from a previous running SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 9 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Note Due to file size the time to create BINS can be quite extensive but must be done for each SORTED file To continue open a BIN
54. rted the time needed for 2D S_view to process as it must also remove noisy diode effects SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 6 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice i SPEC 2D5 data collection and processing program Yer 1 0 16 File Tools Window Help Maximum Playback RUN lo G RBS Blie cs pe A Bll wsmec Main Display l H gt g4 r637 gt H EM EEM MIM l Stereo Pairs 3 oe eet Avgfbin _ 119285 7 111760 0 klax 17756 20381 i Wax Bin 5 124 Horizontal diode 124 Oa ty 1 4 Double click a cell in the table to cause that pixel to be masked during playback Show Current Count Curent Time 11 03 39 531 Bytes H Particles V Particles Has Teea 27230 32555 _Wite Data To Disk Masked pels will show a yellow color in the table Double click again to remove the masking Pixel 0 is the left most column of the sensor 127 the right most Displayed sethng are sticky and will be retained if the program is restarted 11 03 39 531 Reset Bin Counts Figure 3 Example of the Pixel histogram analysis window showing a couple dead diodes V 12 and V 117 and a detectable noisy diode V 124 2 0 2D S View 2 1 2D S_View Installation 2D S_view runs on an IDL platform of 6 0 or higher The projects programs should be stored in a folder called 2DSview version To
55. s SA default _ A 7 SA where SAD nai a 127 L X PXS X min d w gt doy 2 and Ad O if either edge pixel is shaded F 0 Where dp mm 5 13 um L x pxs ym 1000 and where K unit conversion factor Adj Counts time series the number of particle events per time bin Extinction Km _ 2xkKx gt Adj x Area x pxs x o ghee K wait default conversion factor K gt Adj x minfa x A p rar x L x pxs IWC g m KS SV where default A Area x pxs x strbsz 1000000 a 0 115 B 1 218 o 0 917 and Kz and K are unit conversion factors Kx Adj xx Ly x pxs LWC g m V aa Where K whatever you have to make it so the units come out Counts PSD For each size bin the formula for bin height is simply the number of particles in that size bin Use size bins with width equal to pxs for now Bin L2 x pxs into the size bins The first size bin has events for which Lz 1 and the bin edges are 0 5 pxs and 1 5 pxs the n size bin has events for which L n and n 0 5 pxs and n 0 5 pxs as bin edges Concentration PSD L um For each size bin the formula for bin height is K xX Adj l er ie al dth pan x SV prun where the sum 1s over all events in that size bin and where K unit conversion factor Area PSD mm L um For each size bin the formula for bin height is K x Adj x A bin _ width som x SV prani where the sum is over all events in
56. that size bin and A Area x pxs x strbsz 1000000 and where K unit conversion factor Bin as above for counts PSD SPEC Using 2D S View Software Page 36 February 2011 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 2D S and related software at any time and without notice Ice Mass PSD g m um gt Adj x minfa x A p iaz x L x pxs Ex bin _ width A Woe A Area x pxs x strbsz 1000000 a 0 115 B 1 218 o 0 917 and K2 and K are unit conversion factors Liquid Mass PSD g m um K x Adj xx Ly x pxs l bin _ width pa x SV yru where K unit conversion factor Method 3 M3 All in simple non adjusted spheres For each time bin of size At concentration en 2 i V where default gt SV default SA gorau Adj hy say where SA 27 L x min pxs strbsz x min d wd of 3 and Adj O if either edge pixel is shaded F 0 Where dy mm 5 13 x L x min pxs strbsz 4m 1000 and where K unit conversion factor Reject events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 Counts time series Simply plot the number of accepted particle events per time bin 1 one x K x X Adj x L x pxs x strbsz Extinction Km 2 ae ya where K unit default conversion factor Rejects events for which L4 gt 2 1 L1 or L4 It 0 49 L1 and area gt 2 IC 3 0 917 x K x Adj x x L x 4 pxs x strbsz IWC g m a 6 SV where K u
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