imager.
Contents
1. Biomechanics Laboratory School of Human Kinetics University of Ottawa Imager User s Manual by D G E Robertson PhD FCSB and Patricia A Turnbull MSc School of Human Kinetics University of Ottawa 2 March 2007 Table of Contents Table of Contents oee s aea e a aE a eee eee eee eee e nent E 1 Imager User s Manual 4225500222565 et i rE 500020560 0409065 500055500 04eR0G0 auaxe l Eeoa L eea eE E E EEEE E EEES dee he eee ie 2 a To start Imager from DOS command line options 0 0000 cee eee 2 El lt a eee ee ee EEE EE ee T EEEE eee TE EET 3 b To start Imager from XTreeGold 2 0 0 0 nee eens 3 c To use Imager with Windows 0 eee ee eee ees 3 2 O WEA oi oak can otek abana tend Paes oe aw he oheba ene baba hasd ou ttenatesae an 4 a Moving one whole frame of the data see Figure 2 0 2 0 cece eee eee 4 b Moving one point or marker 0 ee ene e en eas 5 c Deskewing data press X to obtain crosshairs 2 0 0 0 0 eee 5 d Displaying grid or control points see Figures 3 and 4 0 0002 e ee eee 5 e Adding or editing event codes 1 1 cece eee eee ees 6 f Averaging a frame to smooth data 0 0 ke eens 6 g Manipulating forces see Figure 5 2 eee eens 6 h Adding notations to frameS 2 1 1 eee eee ee ee eee eee eens 6 1 Editing the scaling grid system or control points 0 0 e eee eee eee 6 J Suppression of miss2. zoom out to 50 show authors draw axes at 0 0 show marker numbers show marker names toggle help menu animate continuously increase anim speed decrease anim speed print Table of Keyboard Functions Uppercase Shift medium animation same same same same same show control points highlight previous increment less same med synched anim n same same show marker names display origin axes same same replot same same same same same initial colour prev single colour prev toggle dashed solid lines increase force vectors decrease force vectors increase frame increment decrease frame increment increase zoom decrease zoom go to first frame go to last frame centre on mouse same same Control Ctrl fast animation alternate background not usable reset display mode reset force display show CP numbers remove highlighting reset increment to 1 fast synched anim n read show links file reset animate mode add notation to frame renumber frames not usable change graphics mode allow writing to file reset initial colour reset multicolour reset help menu reset animation reset anim speed reset anim speed print reset force vectors reset force vectors reset frame increment reset frame increment reset zoom reset zoom recentre images Alternate Alt animate continuously animate backwards alternate cursor delete frame edit in single frame mode draw for
3. IMAGER REG and double click on it to register the various filetypes This file should be found in your Biomech Motion Analysis System directory or installation disk Another method is to use Windows Explorer to enter each filetype separately Click the following options to created associated files View Options File Types and New type Pressing the lt F1 gt helps to describe what to enter in each field Once Imager is running and the file is loaded the program will display header information pause until you press a key and then display the data graphically 2 Editing Data The first screen you see is the main screen a Moving one whole frame of the data see Figure 2 click the left mouse button on the frame If the wrong frame is highlighted click again or use the arrow keys to move to the correct frame hold the left key down to drag the frame to its new location To cancel this movement press the lt Esc gt key IMAGER L 42 tc Biomech Lah U Ottawa Hhairs tCthanged Hif D a oe WALE DG Quit Rerlot Step Undo EBU Co Write Event Orig Grid Incr Zoomi 7 BiRi t4 Left button moves Frame right moves point Esc cancels Animate Mode i Force Figure 2 Example of continuous or stick figure display of a data file The arrow indicates position of mouse cursor When clicked the nearest frame will be highlighted b Moving one point or marker first select the frame that needs editing as outlined above click o
4. F7 gt to decrease size of force vectors press lt F8 gt to remove forces press F twice or lt CtrI gt F lt Alt gt F will replot the forceson Figure 5 Example of a file that includes top of the digitized images ground reaction forces WALK KM MA R 43 c Biomech Lab U U awa Xhairs anged Bi fs D 08 Gi e Quit Replot Step Undo B amp aW Co Write Event Orig Grid Incr Zoom Gifs tt Left button moves frame right moves point Esc cancels Animate Mode H Force h Adding notations to frames Press lt CtrI gt N to add a notation or caption to a frame You will be prompted for the notation and the current notation will be displayed There is a maximum of 60 characters per frame These notations can only be saved to the DG file format 1 Editing the scaling grid system or control points Press lt Alt gt S to open the scaling editor Note that only DG files or Ariel View e 1T 2T etc files can have control point or scaling information To just view the control points press G or g This function may not be implemented therefore editing may require a text editor like Windows Notepad Scaling coordinates are placed before the card labelled DATA j Suppression of missing or zero coordinates Press lt Alt gt Z to suppress the display of missing coordinates or coordinates of 0 0 Many motion analysis software records zeros when a coordinate pair cannot be digitized Note suppression only occurs when bo
5. one frame left press 7 this function may be reversed if the subject moves from right to left to move to the first frame press lt Home gt to move to the last frame press lt End gt to view and edit one frame at a time press lt AIt gt E The proceeding and following frames are also displayed to jump to a particular frame press J then enter the frame number 10 b Zooming in the digitized image see Figure 7 press lt PageUp gt or lt F5 gt to zoom in on the image press lt PageDown gt or lt F6 gt to zoom out on the image press _ underscore to reduce the image to 50 while minus reduces to 75 these operations can be used from the main or the step mode screens Figure 7 Example of a zoomed display with the marker highlighted for correction The small crosshair indicates point to be moved c Highlighting segments and changing colours to highlight the segment you want press h or H until the appropriate segment is highlighted Use lt Alt gt H to automatically highlight each segment and lt Ctrl gt H to remove highlighting to change the image from colour to black amp white and vice versa press B this can only be done in the main screen once the step press S screen has been chosen you cannot use the B key to change the images to a different colour press z or Z d Rotating and changing colours of all the segments pressing Y will change the sequence of segment colou
6. s angle Press A to start angle measurements Follow the instructions at the top of the screen Press A again to anchor the line segment usually at the proximal end of a body segment Move to the other end of the line and press A to have the line s angle with respect to a right horizontal from the first point computed The angle in degrees and radians is displayed on the third line of the display d Measuring a joint angle Press J to start joint angle measurements Follow the instructions at the top of the screen Press J again to define the distal end of the first segment then move to apex of the angle proximal end of first segment and press J A line will be drawn to this point Finally move the mouse to the distal end of the second segment and press J The angle between the segments will de displayed in degrees and radians on the third line of the display The angles will range between 180 degrees A positive angle indicates a rotation from the first segment to the second in the counterclockwise direction A negative angle indicates clockwise rotations 16 9 Other Topics a Help menu To get help about the function keys press lt F1 gt one or more times b To undo previous operations press U this will only work for the immediately previous operation c Loading a links file To load a links file press L see Figure 13 These files contain the pairs of coordinates that you want to have plotted as your
7. stick figures Links or segments do not have to be defined sequentially nor do all markers or segments have to be defined For example you could develop a file which only displays one segment one limb or one side of the body The program will still edit any marker but will display only the selected segments d Changing graphics cursor To change cursor press lt Alt gt C see Figure 12 e Authors To see the names of the authors of Imager press or W R D GIRI tt Mode il Force MA i 4 Biomech Lab U U awa Xhairs anged M Links Quit Replot Step Undo B amp W Co Write Event Orig Grid Incr 4l Zoom Left button moves rame rig moves point Esc cancels nimate Figure 13 Example of a figure drawn with the links display option Notice the triangular foot segment and alternate cursor S lt CHYANTOZZMATTTOATMAOGOWS IN K X Il or 0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 Home End Enter Space remove frame number Lowercase slow animation toggle black amp white continuous view change display view edit event codes toggle force display show grid highlight next increment more jump to a frame slow synched anim n links view toggle animate mode show marker numbers display origin toggle point view quit replot step mode trajectory view undo write save data digitizing mode initial colour next single colour next increase zoom decrease zoom to 75
8. A Hep MCh on cetisncayek raw et een aw aw teehee oh eee Ee eee ae wk eee ee 16 b To undo previous operations 0 ccc ee eee eee ees 16 Te agame aS agit Ye ee htt ante Grok inten Wea edhe alodtn satin E Wea e A 16 dj Chaneins Sfapnics CursOr 2 2 34 aides eda eed bok whee odd wad beh wade wees 16 AUN I octet ates he ek oho ahs a rs ohh ae GER ren oe rae erg Maas duseares 16 Table of Keyboard Functions 60 260 c2rdee 4 taoau ede pebdo eet Keune eee Heda atet kaaes 17 1i Imager User s Manual This program is used to edit view animate and analyze data collected from video CCD or cinefilm digitizing The program can also convert data from one format e g APAS 1T or 3D to that used by the Biomech Motion Analysis System DG file It will also assist you to edit your data if any errors occurred during digitizing It can manipulate a single frame an individual point or the whole set of frames in your file It also allows you to look at your data synchronized with force platform data after running Cinedata after data smoothing by the Biomech Motion Analysis System program Kinematics or simulated by the Simulate program Various modes of animation allow your data to be presented in a more meaningful fashion Two or three data files can be compared against each other for example simulated data compared with its original two trials by the same subject against each other comparison of two different subjects performing the sam
9. Quit Replot Step Undo B amp W Co Write Event Orig Grid Incr Zoom 7 GIKR amp t4 gt Left button moves frame rig int r GIRI t moves point Esc cancels Animate Mode H Force Left button moves frame right moves point Esc cancels Animate Modez Force Figure 10 Example of a point plot display Figure 11 Example of a trajectory plot 13 c Animating the data pressing lt CtrI gt A A or lt Shift gt A animates the data at increasing display speeds the way the data are presented 1s dependent on the display mode set see below M lt AIt gt A and lt F2 gt will animate the data continuously to quit this operation press lt Esc gt to increase the absolute speed of the animation press lt F3 gt to decrease the absolute speed of the animation press lt F4 gt press Alt gt B to animates in reverse backwards order d Changing animation mode press M to change modes or press lt Alt gt 0 lt Alt gt 1 lt Alt gt 2 or lt Alt gt 3 for modes 0 1 2 or 3 respectively Mode 0 when animated starts out with no frames visible and then shows one frame at a time leaving behind either no frames or the highlighted segment of each frame this depends on the Highlight function see section 4 Mode 1 when animated starts with no frames It highlights a single frame one at a time while previous frames are shown in a dull grey after being highlighted One segment of each frame may be highlighted depending on the Highl
10. cece eee eee eee 10 d Rotating and changing colours of all the segments 0 000000 0 10 e Moving panning the viewing window 0 ee eens 10 TL OS GICs DaCk OLOUNG eaen ana ated and Ua ie cantar wearin eed ssh ets ee drain wrt arias 10 g Toggle dashed or solid lines for selected frame 0 0 0 cee cee eee 10 h Getting two images on one screen see Figures 8 and 9 2 2 0 0 1 1 Toggle displaying centres of gravity 2 0 ck ee ene ees 11 J Change graphics mode 2 341 cSrie ans kaw eueds ee nenene 11 k logsle Delp display searrisiririe eener iee raa eae het E ae 11 5 Optional Viewme Modes ser anaes enw eiia a be eek E a a e te e E 12 a Looking at individual steps of the data 0 0 ene 12 b Changing type of data display 0 0 ccc eens 12 Animate ne datas at 4 34 55 i etek aces ae bee a eee wa be eee eek 13 d Changing animation mode 0 eee teens 13 e Viewing and editing frame by frame 0 et eens 13 6 Printing the Images o022sscau sa tekene a oer ede ba teenies Us eaa E Aen 14 7 Saving Exiting or Quitting Imager kt enn eee e eens 14 a Writing new data to the original file without quitting the program 14 b Exiting or quitting Imager see Figure 12 20 2 eee 14 8 Digitizing Coordinates Lines and Angles 0 ccc eee eens 15 D Oer LODICS 24 5455 tarndea dace ab baad hie end baa ae hie ad tae 16
11. ces over images toggle centre of gravity auto highlight insert frame animate continuously load next file above load next file beside load next file toggle display of ref points reload edit scaling data alternate help display average adjacent frames reverse X direction alternating colours suppress 0 0 coordinates set animation mode to 0 show file title reset all defaults fastest anim speed
12. e activity or the three views of a three dimensional data set Please note the case sensitivity of this program In some cases pressing a capital letter will perform a different function than pressing a small letter Consult the Table of Keyboard Functions at the end of this manual for the functions of each key To get started please read the manual thoroughly and practice on a test set of data Keep the original data in a separate directory until you are familiar with the editing functions The program does keep a backup of any edited file IMAGER 1 42 tc Biomech Labh U Ottawa NHhairs Changed H Dasa WALE BG Quit Replot fttep Undo BAU Co Write Event Orig Grid Incr 2oonm t Bi t4 Left button moves Frame right moves point Esc cancels Animate Mode i Force Frame Figure 1 Example of display of digitized data 1 Starting Imager a To start Imager from DOS command line options Enter the command Imager or Imager options filename Where options can be include one of the following ways of displaying the markers Bigpoints for displaying all markers as large points Continuous for connecting all the markers point to point Point for displaying all markers as single points Links for customized displaying of the markers using the associated links LIN file see below or Trajectory for displaying all markers as trajectories To enable the different animatio
13. gth or angle of a line segment These possibilities are outlined below In general only file types that have been converted to real metric units should be analyzed with this feature For example Biomech DG files and APAS IT files need to be converted by Cinedata or APAS Transform to produce CN KM or 3D files so that the data are converted to metric units of measure To exit digitizing mode press Q or lt Esc gt once or twice depending upon the current operation After exiting to erase any points or lines added during digitizing mode press R to refresh the display a Displaying coordinates Once in digitizing mode moving the cursor displays the x y coordinates of the cross hairs on the third line from the top of the screen beside the label X Y posn see Figure 6 b Measuring a distance or length of a line segment When digitizing mode starts line length calculation is automatic If not press the period to start automatic length calculation Just press the right mouse button at the start of the line and press again at the end of the line to compute the line s length The length will be displayed in the third line at the top of the screen beside the label Length see Figure 6 Be careful to press the mouse button only once at each end of the line Each time you press the right mouse button a new line length is computed Pressing the space bar stops line length calculations c Measuring a line segment
14. ight function It does not draw the next frame until it is time for it to be highlighted Mode 2 when animated starts with all coloured frames and one at a time turns them all dull grey The dull grey frames may or may not have one segment highlighted see Highlight function section 4 Mode 3 when animated first turns all the frames to a dull grey then at the beginning of the frames it colours one frame at a time and then erases it may leave behind the highlighted segment of the frame The frames are redrawn in colours after all of them have been erased e Viewing and editing frame by frame Press lt AIt gt E shows allows for the editing of a single frame but includes the display of the previous and following frames monochromatically Note in this mode only the right mouse button may be used to edit the coordinate pairs To cancel is mode press lt Alt gt V again f Display marker numbers or names press n to display the marker numbers for the current frame press N to display the marker names for the current frame 14 6 Printing the Images To print the screen press lt Ctrl gt lt F5 gt or lt Alt gt lt F5 gt for HP PCL Epson or IBM Proprinter type printers You may want to hide the top help display by pressing lt F1 gt several times or pressing lt Ctrl gt lt F1 gt or lt Alt gt lt F1 gt Note the program will check whether the printer is online before printing If you use a network printer press N to el
15. iminate this requirement To print on printers attached to ports LPT2 or LPT3 start the program with the command line switches P2 or P3 respectively The default is LPT1 or switch P1 7 Saving Exiting or Quitting Imager a Writing new data to the original file without quitting the program press W from the main screen this operation can only be performed with a DG type file Caution must be taken with this operation The program does not warn you that it is writing data to the original file So use it wisely The original file is renamed with the extension DG b Exiting or quitting Imager see Figure 12 while in the main screen press Q if a DG file was loaded and data were modified and not stored the program will request advice to write data to disk press W to exit without saving press X to cancel and return to editing or viewing press C H i 4 c rIlOMech Os O L awa Modified data have not been saved i e written to disk Press H to write save xX to exit without saving or C to cancel Fecord 69 Figure 12 Example of exit display when the data have been edited but not saved 15 8 Digitizing Coordinates Lines and Angles To enter digitizing mode press X see Figure 6 Within this operating mode various graphical features can be added to the display as outlined previously in Section 3 This mode also allows the user to view the x y coordinates of any point in the display or to compute the len
16. in with the word LINKS followed by the number of pairs of links or segments The links are defined by pairs of numbers representing the two markers that are to be connected in the stick figure To display a symbol enter the number of the marker followed by the number listed in Table 2 LINKS 10 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 4 4 1 1 2 2 5 5 3 Table 1 Example links LIN file for creating customized stick figures File from the Registry menu b To start Imager from XTreeGold Start XTreeGold and then move to AAE paneer PAO Key the data file s directory Highlight pixel point C 0 15 p the filename and then press O oa can small x x 1 X open Use lt Alt gt O if insufficient memory is available to open the cash 7 7 file and start Imager box 3 l l diamonds i 4 5 b d c To use Imager with Windows plus cross 3 6 14 c Run the program Imager95 exe This program allows you to open tic a various filetypes in a user friendly PRE T t 2 fashion Alternately from or g Windows Explorer double click on ane the data s filename once the file s circle i 10 0 zero extension has been registered To square n 11 register the various files that Xx ae Ctrl X Imager can display run the program REGEDIT EXE Then target 13 g choose the option Import Registry Table 2 List of plotting symbols Find the file
17. ing or zero coordinates 2 0 0 eee eee 6 k Connect to initial coordinate fixed reference point 0 0 0 0 0 cee eee eee 6 WARIS CHUAG ATTAIN seepra Gye 6 eee a heen ok a ee ee he oe Ge ee ee ero 7 iM Delcins aame ccesarancategodageeeanantrsegedageeeneanvaeegedagaes 7 i RCMUINDCKING Guna cocadene de saaenedacadene db adaenedeaadeee de eaaeee deed 7 o Cancelling read only status ac 24 3c en0 5e45e00s bedaeaieeeeews ede dasais 7 3 screen Editing not permanent 222d e4c4 40084040050 464465454 54464 44S S Dee eee Dae 7 a Displaying crosshairs and starting digitizing mode see Figure 6 7 b Displaying digitized origin see Figures 3 and 4 22 ee eee 8 c Incrementing the frames looking at fewer frames of data 0005 d Changing data display 2 0 ee eee eee eee ees 8 C RepIOUING GMA 434224754 boner edeeusi 454 ben eee eeousiessteaanegeeauan 9 D Viewing help display 2 a4cc0cdweeev in ece devs Ire e eave dev dbtwatewecs 9 g Loading or reloading a data file 2 1 cc eee eens 9 h Reverse direction of X coordinates 0 0 0 ec eee eee eee 9 4 Display OPHO NS 44 remse cacee does 6 ac Goad 3 e g Bee 6 ee eee eed Soest 6 aha Goren 6 erg ore 9 a Using keystrokes to select a frame 0 0 ccc eee nn ees 9 b Zooming in the digitized image see Figure 7 2 2 eee eee 10 c Highlighting segments and changing colours 000
18. n modes use options 0 1 2 or 3 and use Z to suppress connecting lines to 0 0 coordinate pairs or missing values The option Write is used to convert the input file for example Ariel 1T file to the DG filetype This is useful for processing your data with the Biomech Motion Analysis System software Note only the first letter of the option is needed in the command line E g Imager w walk2 1t Option Quick minimizes the amount of information displayed while loading the data and if eliminates pauses before displaying the data graphically Option Debug maximizes that amount of information displayed textually Option Allow permits the saving of file formats that are not normally saved for example CN and KM files The output file format is always the DG format used by the Biomech Motion Analysis System software Use Readonly to prevent writing to a file Option X causes the X coordinates to be reversed Note for some file types reversing will occur only when the data are saved and then refined by the Cinedata program This program is part of the Biomech Motion Analysis System And where filename is the name of the data file that you want to view or edit If the file is not in the current directory then include the path with the filename The file must have one of the following extensions DG digitized raw data used by Biomech Moti
19. n the marker that you want to move then drag it to its new position Notice that the selected marker number and name will be displayed in the third line at the top of the screen To undo any changes press U or the lt Esc gt key If you have difficulty selecting a point select any point on the body and press the arrow keys while holding the right mouse button down The program will step from one marker to the next in ascending down or right arrow keys or descending up or left arrow keys order c Deskewing data press X to obtain crosshairs after pressing 7 or K the screen asks you to set an origin to the left of the data that you want to deskew Use the mouse to move the crosshairs press K again to set the origin or the lt Esc gt to cancel you are then asked to set a right point that will define the line that will be used to deskew the data The data will be rotated about the left point so that this line is horizontal set this with use of the mouse and follow the directions on the screen once the two points are set the program will draw a line between them and ask you if you want the data deskewed answer appropriately No permanent changes are made unless the data are saved written to disk d Displaying grid or control points see Figures 3 and 4 from the main screen press G to shows the original digitized grid linear scaling system or control points pressing g will show the points of the grid A red cross indicate
20. ntres of gravity were loaded filetypes 3D and KM then the path of the centres of gravity may be displayed To toggle them on or off press lt Alt gt G j Change graphics mode Use lt Ctrl gt U to change the resolution of the graphics driver k Toggle help display Use lt AlIt gt U to alternate between coloured and monochrome help displays 12 5 Optional Viewing Modes a Looking at individual steps of the data press S to present the data in Step mode the screen will have all the data in a neutral colour except the selected frame Pressing lt Home gt highlights the first frame lt End gt highlights the last frame 7 moves to the left through the frames 8 moves forward through the frames 6 moves to the right through the frames 9 moves backward through the frames b Changing type of data display continuous stick figure trajectories points big points or links Also see section 3 Screen editing part d For an example of point plot mode see Figure 10 for trajectory mode see Figure 11 for links mode see Figure 13 and for continuous mode see Figure 2 Links mode cannot be accessed by pressing D unless a LIN file has already been loaded Press L to read a links file or view the current links MA R 3 c Bi1omech Lab U U awa shairs anged M Po int wh K D HE s er c Biomech Lab U U awa Kha irs angeda M D a j WA K D Quit Replot Step Undo B amp W Co Write Event Orig Grid Incr 2 Zoom 7 o etio
21. o deskew data in a DG file see above O asks if you want to set a new origin DG files only pressing Y sets origin at crosshair location N keeps original origin L draws a point and start line draw mode to the next crosshair location Move crosshairs to next location and press L to draw a line P to draw a point or press the space bar to cancel P draws a point at the current crosshair location T lets the user enter text at the current crosshair location To exit this mode press the lt Esc gt key 4 L P p OE a H Origin Doc kew Lina Point Cross or Text Press tEsc or Quit to Bigpoint ANA small x pixel trocross s star B 20 centimetres Hm Poon TO 2 172 9 centimetres Trial WHOLHH r eee a AA Pe E SNA Figure 6 Example of Digitizing mode with text added to the display Coordinates X Y posn of cursor are displayed at the top of screen with distance Length from previous position b Displaying digitized origin see Figures 3 and 4 Press o to display the current origin with a small axis or capital O to display the current origin with a larger axis Press 0 zero to display the absolute origin at digitizer coordinates 0 0 c Incrementing the frames looking at fewer frames of data Note most of the figures in this manual have been displayed with an increment of 2 frames to decrease the number of frames press lt F9 gt or I to decrease the increment press lt F10 gt o
22. on Analysis System CN scaled data from Cinedata that can have an associated control file CFB SN simulated data from Simulate that can have an associated control file CFB KM filtered marker data from Kinematics that requires a control file CFB T Ariel raw data view file where can be any digit from 1 to 9 that requires a common file CF 3D Ariel scaled data file that requires a common file CF or CDA Peak Performance data file that requires a STK file If no extension is given DG will be assumed Option G when used with KM files will permit the plotting of the total body centre of gravity as long as the associated KS file 1s present Options P1 P2 and P3 enable the default printer to be set to LPT1 LPT2 and LPT3 respectively LPT1 is used by default For APAS 3D files the following options are available Options V 1 V2 and V3 to view either of the 3 planes of motion and F or NF to automatically display the filtered or raw data respectively Links Imager will also look for a links file called filename LIN in the current directory If not found it will then search for a file called DEFAULT LIN in the current and then parent directories If found stick figures will be drawn according to the pairs of numbers in these file The first line in the LIN file must beg
23. r i use lt Ctrl gt I to return to single frame by frame increment d Changing data display from stick figures to trajectories points big points or links this can only be done from the main screen press D once or press T to change stick figures to marker trajectories press D twice or press P to change stick figures to points press D thrice to display with big points pressing D a fourth time or press L to produce a links display if a LIN file is available otherwise to get back to stick figures press D again or press C for continuous stick figure mode e Replotting data you can press R at any time to replot data pressing R will erase the axes systems from the picture and any non permanent information form the screen f Viewing help display press lt F1 gt one or more times press lt Ctrl gt lt F1 gt to remove help display g Loading or reloading a data file press lt AIt gt N to load a new file press lt AIt gt L to reload the current data file If the file is a 3D file you can change to a different plane h Reverse direction of X coordinates press lt Alt gt X to reverse X coordinates for file types that cannot be edited 4 Display Options a Using keystrokes to select a frame to move one frame forward press 8or 6 to move one frame backward press Qor 7 to move one frame right press 6 this function may be reversed if the subject moves from right to left to move
24. r laterally a specified distance respectively This shift does not affect the original data files because you cannot use this option with DG or 1T type files The only types of file that can be edited Furthermore you cannot use this option with files that have different numbers of markers You can however compare CN SN KM and 3D files and files from different subjects Note if you are using a links file all files should have the same ordering of the markers otherwise the presentation will be confusing Press a with lt Shift gt lt Ctrl gt or lt Alt gt to display all the loaded frames sequentially k with lt Shift gt lt Ctlr gt or lt Alt gt to animate the files synchronously use to zoom out or to zoom in Note with the K options some frames are not displayed if there are no matching frame numbers in the preceding file If the preceding file has more frames than subsequent files then all loaded frames are displayed The speed of the displayed images increases with whether you press a lowercase letter an uppercase letter or with pressing the lt Ctrl gt key The lt F2 gt or lt Alt gt key with A or K creates continuous animation of the images Note that pressing the space bar will pause the animation at which time the display mode or animation speed or mode may be changed Press lt Esc gt to exit the animation mode and redisplay all the data 1 Toggle displaying centres of gravity If ce
25. rs in the forward direction and pressing y will change the colours in reverse lt CtrI gt Y resets the order and lt AlIt gt Y colours each frame with a different colour e Moving panning the viewing window left press lt Ctrl gt 7 right press lt Ctrl gt 6 up press lt Ctrl gt 8 down press lt Ctrl gt 9 to re centre the image press lt Ctrl gt lt Home gt move mouse cursor to a location and press lt Enter gt f Toggle background Use lt CtrI gt B to toggle between a black background and a gray background g Toggle dashed or solid lines for selected frame Use lt F6 gt to toggle between dashed and solid lines for highlighting selected frame 11 h Getting two images on one screen see Figures 8 and 9 MA R 3 c Biomech Lab U U awa hairs anged Mal Lin Quit Replot Step Undo B amp aW Co Write Event Orig G Incr 433 Zoom igh in n ks 0 Me i cle Biomech Lab U U Stig Rha rirs anged W D FB Bs Left button moves frame r t moves oint AE eae ati E Maton R Quit Replot Step Undo B amp aW Co Write Event Orig Grid Incr 433 Zoom Cerit a s P 7 Left button moves frame right moves point Esc cancels Animate Mode H Force Figure 8 Example of loading a second data Figure 9 Example of loading a second data file with lt Alt gt M file with lt Alt gt L To display a second or third file simultaneously press lt Alt gt L or lt AIt gt M each new file is artificially shifted upwards o
26. s the first datum Ctrl G displays the grid or control points their associated numbers MA R 43 c Biomech Lab U U awa Xhairs anged Bit Cont WALK D MA i 4 C Biomech Lab U U awa Xhairs anged M D E Gi S WALK Quit Replot Step Undo B amp aW Co Write Event Orig Grid Incr 4l Zoom Gifs tt Quit Replot Step Undo B amp aW Co Write Event Orig Grid Incr 4l Zoom Gilby amp t4 gt Left button moves frame right moves point Esc cancels Animate Mode H Force Left button moves frame right moves point Esc cancels Animate Mode H Force 7 aS sa os W V aS WHA rs Figure 3 Example of open grid display and Figure 4 Example of closed grid and small large origin axis origin axis e Adding or editing event codes Press E to add or change an event code at the selected frame Only DG files can have event codes Entering a 0 erases the current event code Only one code is permitted per frame and only codes from to 9 are allowed f Averaging a frame to smooth data After selecting a frame excluding first or last press lt Alt gt V move to have the selected frame replaced by the average of the surrounding two frames This quickly eliminates a frame that was badly digitized You should use this feature sparingly g Manipulating forces see Figure 5 Note this option can only be used with CN or KM files to increase length of force vectors relative to the marker data press lt
27. th coordinates are zero k Connect to initial coordinate fixed reference point Press lt Alt gt O to toggle between connecting or not connecting to the initial or fixed reference point Reference points are usually not included when data are displayed in continuous or trajectory display modes but are displayed in points mode 1 Inserting a frame Press lt Alt gt I to insert a frame Currently this can only be done to beginning or ends of the data file m Deleting a frame Press lt Alt gt D to delete a frame Currently this can only be done to first or last frames n Renumbering Press lt Ctrl gt R to renumber the frame numbers You will be prompted for the initial frame number Then each frame s number will be incrementally increased from the initial frame number o Cancelling read only status Press lt Ctrl gt W to enable changes to a edit protected file Files can be loaded to prevent inadvertent editing This option permits the saving of changes to a data file opened in edit protected mode 3 Screen Editing not permanent a Displaying crosshairs and starting digitizing mode see Figure 6 Press X to show crosshairs for digitizing adding text to the screen and editing and deskewing rotating the axes After pressing X you have these options left mouse button exits digitizing mode right mouse button leaves the crosshairs in place 6 or X cancels the axes system J or K allows you t
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