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1. radio signals transmitted from at least one transmitter located at a terrestrial location In certain embodiments these radio signals include radio signals transmitted from a plurality of terrestrial transmitters in plurality of signal formats Additionally the received radio signals may include sig nals transmitted from at least one Space Vehicle SV Thus in examples where the user equipment is adapted to receive GPS signals the UE can process the received signals in the usual way to determine its location but additionally by moni toring properties of the GPS signals for example received signal strength and identifying patterns in those measured properties the UE or some other apparatus interacting with the UE can derive further information for use in location determination or for other purposes In certain embodiments the pattern includes at least one of a temporal pattern a chronological pattern a static pattern an instantaneous pattern and a dynamic pattern Thus the pat tern can include combinations of measured properties of a plurality of different received radio signals at a particular time or location and or may include patterns of changes in mea sured properties over time For example a particular combi nation of received signal strengths may form part of a pattern which indicates a user of the user equipment is at or close to home The pattern may also include an abrupt change in signal strength of one type of recei2. GPS signal which together with the combination of base stations at a particular location is able to indicate whether the user is arriving at or leaving home or work In certain embodiments the information includes a neigh boring cell IDentifier ID list a base station identity code a Subscriber Trunk Dialing STD code or region or area code a service set identifier a time and or a date a GPS day of week and or a multipath indication In certain embodiments the identifying step includes pro cessing the results of the monitoring into a particular data format and then comparing the results in that format with data stored in a memory Additionally the method may fur ther include using the results processed into the particular format to update the stored data Thus the system may be able to identify and learn from patterns observed from monitoring signal parameters and the information they con tain an 5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 4 In certain embodiments the at least one action triggered i e carried out in response to identifying a particular pattern includes providing from the mobile user equipment a signal for a user of the equipment changing a configuration of the user equipment or external apparatus switching the user equipment between one operational mode and another and or switching an apparatus external to the user equipment between one operational mode and another
3. Other actions may of course be performed in alternative methods embody ing the invention An example of a signal which the mobile user equipment may provide to a user is an alarm signal Others include a reminder signal a location signal an audible signal and a visual signal Thus it will be appreciated that certain embodi ments of the invention may identify recognize a particular pattern involving parameters of radio signals received by the user equipment as a person carries that equipment around and according to that observed pattern can provide a useful signal such as an alarm or a reminder In contrast to alarm signals or reminders provided by prior art systems which in general could only issue a reminder or alarm at a particular set time irrespective of where the user was embodiments of the invention are thus able to use the observed patterns to provide a more sophisticated alarm or reminder functionality As mentioned above embodiments of the invention may be arranged to spot when a user leaves home with the user equipment by appropriate monitoring of radio signal param eters and issue a reminder signal for example to the user regarding something he or she should do on the way to work Thus the reminder can be issued at a truly appropriate time rather than simply at a notional set time at which the user expects to be leaving for work An example of switching the user equipment between one operational mode and another is whe
4. and can report that fact to a server In that case a service provider may then send a home goods advertisement to the UE This may require an agreement between the service pro vider and the user in advance Embodiments also provide the ability to perform automatic profile or configuration changes Automatic and Optimal Bearer Selection Certain prior art systems today require the user s manual selection of bearer 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 14 selection between WLAN VoIP and UMTS Voice Call In contrast a system embodying the invention can inform the UE what is the most appropriate bearer to select based on the observed signal property pattern s Embodiments may provide advantages in the field of Home Automation In certain embodiments all phone information may be displayed on a TV screen while the user is watching the TV As soon as the person enters into the home with WLAN AP active the system detects this from the associated pattern of received signal properties and automatically turns its profile to home and activates the TV via WLAN Examples of possible applications of embodiments of the invention therefore include Applications 1 Alarm or Reminder Applications that combine timing and location information derived from received signal pat terns for triggering purposes 2 Employee Time Punching Applications 3 GPS power Saving using GSM UMTS WLAN signal measurements and or 4 Auto
5. further includes data updating means arranged to update the stored data using the data processed into the predetermined format In other words the processed data relating to observed signal properties could be used to modify update the stored data The database can thus evolve The action triggered performed in response to the identifi cation of a pattern in the observed signal property or proper ties may for example include providing from the mobile user equipment a signal for a user of the equipment changing a configuration of the user equipment or external apparatus switching the user equipment between one operational mode and another and or switching apparatus external to the user equipment between one operational mode and another It will be appreciated that the triggering of an action may in certain examples include the UE transmitting a signal e g a radio signal from suitable transmission means for reception by other apparatus This other apparatus may form part of the apparatus system as a whole For example in response to the UE detecting a signal pattern indicative of the user approach ing or entering home the UE may transmit a signal to suitably 20 30 35 40 45 65 6 arranged reception means in the home to turn on lights turn on heating switch certain apparatus into standby mode etc In certain embodiments the UE includes the pattern iden tification means although in alternative embodiments the pa
6. of the mobile VE and or a behavior of a user can be determined at least to some degree by analyzing the received signal patterns along with previous parameter his tory For example by monitoring properties of received radio signals one can determine If the mobile device is indoors or outdoors if the mobile device is at a user s home office or a certain place that he she visited before 1 e if the UE is at or in a zone and or if the mobile is entering or moving out of the zone For example in an urban home environment whether the UE is in a living room or at the door the list of IDs of surrounding BSs and the area codes from each are usually the same one may lose some weak BS signals from time to time However the RSSI and the multipath propagation values are substantially changed when the mobile equipment UE moves from indoors to outdoors In that case the UE itself or some other component ofa system incorporating the UE can record the observed i e measured pattern of signals and their changes Then whenever this pattern is observed the UE can report to an alarm or reminder system to be linked with time driven event trigger system Tt will be appreciated that the pattern of radio frequency RF signals received by a UE is influenced in the sense that it varies by various factors including moving cars and other 10 40 50 55 8 UEs camped on the base station BS and the certainty of triggering can
7. or an SV power In certain embodiments the UE is further arranged to moni tor information contained in the received radio signals Then the pattern identification means may be adapted to identify a pattern or patterns including a pattern in said information The information may for example include a neighboring cell ID list a Base Station Identity Code BSIC a Subscriber Trunk Dialing STD code or region i e area code a Service Set IDentifier SSID a time and or a date a GPS day of week and or a multipath indication In certain embodiments the apparatus or system further includes processing means arranged to process data from the monitoring means that data being indicative of the at least one property of the received radio signals into a predeter mined data format In certain embodiments the UE includes this processing means although in alternative embodiments the processing means may be provided external to the UE with the UE being adapted to transmit monitoring data to the processing means for processing In certain embodiments the pattern identification means is arranged to compare the data processed into said predeter mined format with data stored in a memory or database This database may be provided in the UE or alternatively may be provided at a different location For example the database may be provided in a communication system or network arranged to communicate with the UE In certain embodiments the apparatus
8. In the case of user equipment with the ability to determine its location from GNSS signals a known problem is that in certain locations the availability of such signals is restricted and indeed no such signals may be available and then the device is unable to continue determining its location It is also known for users to be able to manually change or update the profile or configuration of their mobile user equip ment Certain embodiments of the present invention aim to pro vide improved methods of using radio signals transmitted for reception by mobile user equipment and improved apparatus and improved user equipment Certain embodiments aim to 10 20 40 45 55 60 2 provide methods and apparatus which overcome at least partially one or more of the problems or disadvantages asso ciated with the prior art SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of using radio signals transmitted for reception by mobile user equipment the method includes receiving with mobile user equipment radio signals having at least one format monitoring with the mobile user equip ment at least one property of the received radio signals identifying a pattern in said monitored property or properties and in response to identifying said pattern performing at least one oftriggering at least one action according to the identified pattern and providing with the UE an indicatio
9. This information may be used in conjunction with the information derived from observing patterns in monitored parameters to provide improved location determination and or other functionality In embodiments in which the user equipment is used to monitor information contained in the received radio signals the pattern being identified i e being looked for may also include one or more patterns in the contained information together with one or more patterns in the monitored signal parameters For example the user equipment may be arranged to receive mobile telephone signals and at certain locations will be able to receive those radio signals from a corresponding plurality of base stations The signal from each base station may include information indicative of the iden tity of that base station Thus the user equipment may in addition to being able to monitor received signal strengths look at the information contained in the received signals and identify from which combination of base stations the user equipment is receiving signals from at that location A par ticular combination of base stations may correspond to a particular location such as the user s home or workplace Thus the method can derive some location information from the information contained in the received radio signals Addi tionally the user equipment may look for a pattern of change in a measured parameter such as a rapid or abrupt change in the received strength of a
10. US008121614B2 az United States Patent 10 Patent No US 8 121 614 B2 Lee 45 Date of Patent Feb 21 2012 54 APPARATUS AND METHOD USING RADIO 56 References Cited SIGNALS U S PATENT DOCUMENTS 75 Inventor Jung Hwan Lee Middlesex GB 6 731 940 BL 5 2004 Nagendran 455 456 1 2005 0182847 Al 8 2005 Jawad Pirzada et al 709 233 73 Assignee Samsung Electronics Co Ltd KR 2005 0260989 A1 11 2005 Pouttier et al 455 435 3 2008 0049675 Al 2 2008 Burgan et al 370 331 3k Notice Subject to any disclaimer the term of this OOSA PAL nen Mc Gal ariii PAR patent is extended or adjusted under 35 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS U S C 154 b by 256 days EP 1 670 265 6 2006 cited by examiner 21 Appl No 12 397 701 Primary Examiner Ajit Patel y J 22 Filed Mar 4 2009 74 Attorney Agent or Firm The Farrell Law Firm P C ey AGI 65 Prior Publication Data 57 ABSTRACT US 2009 0227271 A1 Sep 10 2009 A method of using radio signals transmitted for reception by mobile user equipment that includes receiving with mobile 30 Foreign Application Priority Data user equipment UE radio signals having at least one format monitoring with the mobile user equipment at least one Mar 4 2008 GB o eeeeesescseeeeseeeeteeeeeeees 0804013 1 property ofthe received radio signals identifying a pattern in said monitored property or properties and in response to 6D Int Cl ide
11. Y j No 1 220 Access the server and High Credibility Yes Download the information 995 wa amp update the DB No 230 Yes High Credibility High Credibility Log the measurement report until the time configured Request the decision to the user amp get Process Auto training amp make decisions Set up the timer for reassessment 279 FIG 3 US 8 121 614 B2 1 APPARATUS AND METHOD USING RADIO SIGNALS PRIORITY This application claims priority under 35 U S C 119 a to an application entitled Apparatus and Method Using Radio Signals filed in the United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office on Mar 4 2008 and assigned Serial No 0804013 1 the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1 Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of using radio signals transmitted for reception by mobile user equipment and to systems and apparatus implementing or using such a method 2 Background to the Invention A wide variety of electronic mobile user equipment is known for receiving radio signals for a wide variety of pur poses Such mobile User Equipment UE includes mobile phones which may also be referred to as cell phones or handsets Personal Digital Assistants PDAs Global Navi gation Satellite System GNSS receivers and other equip ment It will be appreciated that in addition to being able to receive one or
12. amples of alarms re minder scenarios which may be implemented by embodi ments of the invention are Remind me when I leaving the home for the office in the morning bills to pay meeting schedule of the day people to call while driving Remind me when I approach the super market on weekends shopping list and or Activate the default wake up alarm only when I was sleep ing at home and weekdays Automatic Position Tracking functions may be provided by methods and systems embodying the invention For example Employee Time Punching when the user enters in the office this can be determined from patterns in the monitored RF signals and a trigger event may be sent to a server to record the arrival time and the departure time of the employee GPS Power Saving in 24 hour 7 days tracking The system can be configured to operate the built in GPS only in outdoor locations by monitoring the UMTS or GSM signal strength which is given by the request from the cellular network Rather than operating solely on the occasional measurement of the GPS alone this system can provide more effective way of understanding the environment where the mobile is located Advertisement The operator or sales promoter can provide customized advertisement to the user by knowing the user situation or position For example the mobile device may determine i e determine from patterns in received signal properties or contained information that the user is at home
13. anying drawings of which FIG 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention FIG 2 is flow chart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention and FIG 3 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the annexed drawings The matters defined in the description such as a detailed construction and elements are provided to assist in a compre hensive understanding of exemplary embodiments of the invention Accordingly those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiment described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention It will be appreciated from the above description and from the description below that certain embodiments of the inven tion may be described as location edge and zone detection methods based on radio signals and user behavior An area to which certain embodiments of the invention applies is the UMTS or GSM radio interface in a mobile phone Certain embodiments provide the advantage that they are able to provide cost effective location information so that a user can use this for precise reminder alarming position tracking and profile or configuration changes This is in con trast to prior art reminder alarm systems in which t
14. be improved when the triggering is linked with i e used in conjunction with time information and Cell ID and STD code Various properties of radio signals may be monitored in embodiments of the invention and a variety of information may be extracted from those radio signals Examples of such properties and information which are monitored and used in embodiments of the invention are shown in the following table Table 1 indicates the technology air interface and sub interface to which each property or information that can be monitored relates TABLE 1 Sub Interface Information of Interest Reference GSM BLER Block Error Rate BER Bit Error 3GPP Rate RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator Neighbor Cell ID List BSIC Base Station Identity Code STD Code Region Code in CB Cell Broadcast UMTS CPICH RSCP Common Pilot Channel 25 331 RRC CPICH Eb NO 25 215 PHY Measurements WLAN SSID RSSI IEEE 802 11 GPS SV Power in dBm Satellites Visible Time amp Date GWT AGPS GPS TOW Time of Week Multipath 3GPP Indicator 30 For mobile UE adapted for use in GSM UMTS systems occasionally a mobile is requested by the cellular network to monitor neighboring BS signals especially broadcasting channels or pilots By monitoring this type of signal the UE can typically determine the ID identity of each BS which is Cell ID or BSIC Signal Strength typically RSSI and or Optional STD Subscriber Trunk Dialing Area Code De
15. ern in said monitored property or properties and response means arranged to perform in response to the pattern identification means identifying said pattern triggering at least one action according to the identi fied pattern and or providing the UE an indication of a loca tion of the UE based at least in part on the identified pattern In certain embodiments the UE is arranged to receive radio signals transmitted from at least one transmitter located at a US 8 121 614 B2 5 terrestrial location Additionally the UE may be arranged to receive radio signals transmitted from at least one Space Vehicle SV In certain embodiments the pattern being identified or recognized includes a temporal pattern a chronological pat tern a static pattern an instantaneous pattern and or a dynamic pattern For example in certain embodiments a pattern which may be recognized includes a change in at least one monitored property of at least one received radio signal Additionally the pattern may include an instantaneous combination of monitored properties of a plurality of different received radio signals In certain embodiments the at least one property includes a received signal strength or power of a received radio signal In certain embodiments the at least one property includes a BLock Error Rate BLER a Bit Error Rate BER a Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI a Common PIlot CHannel Received Signal Code Power CPICH RSCP and
16. ervice han dler 35 In other words in the Service Request step step 100 a user defines triggering criteria and the action to be performed when those triggering criteria are met The system then scans the pattern database 33 to determine if it stores any data relevant to the specified criteria in a step 105 i e does the pattern DB 33 contain data enabling the triggering request to be implemented If the pattern DB 33 does not the system proceeds to activate a training mode step 200 If the stored data enables the request to be met the triggering criteria and a timer are set step 115 Next the system activates the measurement part 20 in step 120 The pattern matching unit 31 monitors a measure ment report from the measurement part 20 in step 125 and determines if the measurement report satisfies triggering cri teria in step 130 If the measurement report does not satisfy the triggering criteria it is determined in step 135 if the set timer has expired Ifthe timer has expired the service request is rejected in step 145 and the operation is terminated On the 35 40 45 50 10 other hand if the timer has not expired in step 125 the frequency of monitoring is adjusted in step 140 and opera tions are repeated from step 125 If the measurement report satisfies the triggering criteria in step 130 the pattern match ing unit 31 reports this fact to the service handler 35 in step 150 and updates infor
17. id information 11 The method of claim 10 wherein said information comprises at least one of a neighboring cell ID list a Base Station Identity Code BSIC a Subscriber Trunk Dialing STD code or region or area code a Service Set IDentifier SSID a time and or a date a Global Positioning System GPS time of week and a multipath indication 12 The method of claim 1 wherein said identifying com prises processing results of said monitoring into a data format and comparing the results in said format with data stored in a memory 13 The method of claim 12 further comprising using said results in said format to update the data 14 The method of claim 1 wherein said action comprises at least one of providing from the mobile UE a signal for a user of the mobile UE changing a configuration of the mobile UE or ofan external apparatus switching the mobile UE between different operational modes and 5 10 20 25 30 35 16 switching at least one apparatus external to the mobile UE between different operational modes 15 An apparatus for using radio signals transmitted for reception by mobile User Equipment UE the apparatus comprising a mobile UE for receiving radio signals having at least one format and monitoring at least one property of the radio signals a pattern identifier for identifying a pattern in said at least one property and a response processor for performing in response to the patte
18. iving radio signals based on a WLAN protocol and a GPS signal pro cessing module 15 for transmitting and receiving GPS sig nals US 8 121 614 B2 9 The measurement part 20 includes a measurement report unit 21 which extracts information to be used by an appli cation processor 40 from signals provided from the modems 10 and provides the extracted information to the decision making part 30 For example the measurement part 20 may extract related information disclosed in Table 1 and provide the extracted information to the decision making part 30 The decision making part 30 includes a pattern matching unit 31 a pattern database DB 33 and a service handler 35 The pattern matching unit 31 by comparing the pre vious patterns stored in the pattern database DB 33 can make a decision or generate triggering events provided to the service handler 35 The role of the service handler 35 is to interface various application processors 40 or customers capturing what triggering event they want and generating the trigger when certain criteria are satisfied The application processor 40 is a device implemented to execute an application and executes an application based on an environment being set by a user or a designer The appli cation processor 40 also executes an application based on an event generated by the decision making part 30 For example the application processor 40 may include proce
19. matic profile switching at home for a joint service with a TV Examples of possible system implementations embodying the invention include 1 Methods that extract radio signal patterns to build user location profiles GSM UMTS Layer 3 Link Measurement Report Neighbor Cell RSSI Measurements WLAN SSID amp Signal Power and or GPS amp AGPS Number of SV Acqui sition Sensitivity in dBm 2 Automatic training mode to accumulate user location profiles and or 3 Triggering methods by pattern matching in time domain and in radio signal pattern While the invention has been shown and described with reference to a certain preferred embodiment thereof it will be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art that vari ous changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims What is claimed is 1 A method of using radio signals transmitted for reception by mobile User Equipment UE the method comprising receiving by the mobile UE radio signals having at least one format monitoring by the mobile UE at least one property of the received radio signals identifying a pattern in said at least one property and in response to identifying said pattern performing at least one of triggering at least one action according to the identified pattern and providing the mobile UE with a location of the mobile UE based at least in par
20. mation of the pattern DB 33 in step 155 In the service request step step 110 at least one criterion among location and time should be sent to the service handler 35 to arrange the service Examples are provided in Table 2 TABLE 2 Type Sub Type Parameters Location Zone Home Office Car Park Supermarket Indoor Outdoor or User Defined Zone Edge Yes No Time amp Date Band Weekdays Weekends or User Defined Date Time Band Hour Min Sec start Hour Min Sec end Credibility High Mid default Low After the service execution the service handler 35 can ask the user or the application processor 40 about the cred ibility When the user or the application is not satisfied with the result the system can ask the user for manual training or adjust its pattern DB 33 The training step step 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be performed based on a mecha nism described below There are 3 sub modes in the training server download user manual training and automatic training These modes are illustrated in FIG 3 The server can produce typical informa tion or specific information User manual training mode col lects the user s preferences and whenever a likely criteria happens the system requests confirmation from the user if this instant criteria is what the user wants for a triggering event The automatic training mode is where the preferences are pre configured by the system and the system reque
21. meters can be added for assessments After setting up the triggering criteria and the timer the system proceeds to activate measurement devices if they have not already been activated These devices are used to monitor received signal properties They produce measurement reports data In the next step the measurement reports are monitored and then a determination is made as to whether the triggering criteria have been met that is has the defined pattern been observed If the criteria have not been met a determination is made as to whether the timer has expired that is has a predetermined time elapsed Ifnot the frequency of monitoring may be adjusted and monitoring continues If the timer has expired the request is rejected If the measure ment report indicates that the triggering criteria have been met this is reported to the service handler 35 for appropriate action e g as defined by the user in the initial request and the pattern database may be updated With regard to applications methods embodying the invention may for example be used as follows 2D Alarm or Reminder System certain prior art alarm or task reminder applications relied solely on time triggering For example providing an alarm in accordance with an instruction such as wake me up at 6 AM except for on Saturday amp Sunday By adding location information alarm or reminder systems embodying the invention can provide more sophisticated arrangements Ex
22. more formats of transmitted radio signals certain examples of known UEs are also able to transmit radio signals This is of course the case with mobile phones for use in a telecommunication system Similarly devices such as PDAs are able to transmit radio signals in order to exchange data with other equipment Also in addition to dedicated GNSS receivers GNSS receiver functionality can also be incorporated in mobile user equipment having other func tions for example a mobile phone having the capability to determine its location using GNSS signals It is also known for user equipment to be able to receive and process radio signals of different formats from a corresponding plurality of transmitters arranged at terrestrial locations For example it is known for a mobile handset to be able to receive and send mobile telephone signals in Global System for Mobile com munications GSM and or Universal Mobile Telecommuni cations System UMTS or UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UTRAN systems in addition to being able to send and receive Wireless Local Area Network WLAN signals for shorter range communication Such user equipment can also provide an alarm function However this alarm function is typically arranged such that the alarm is triggered according to time only that is the alarm will be triggered at the set time irrespective of where the user equipment is located or what the user of the equipment is doing or has been doing
23. n ofa location ofthe UE based at least in part on the identified pattern Thus in this method radio signals intended for reception are used by mobile user equipment in new ways i e for additional purposes For example the radio signals being received by the user equipment may be telecommunications signals in GSM UMTS UTRAN or Evolved UTRAN E UTRAN systems and will typically include information relating to audio or data content The user equipment will typically be adapted to process these received signals in the usual way for the normal purposes but additionally may monitor and respond to observed patterns in some property of the received signals such as the received signal strength For example a sudden or abrupt reduction in received signal strength may correspond to the user equipment being taken inside a building The method may be arranged to identify this pattern i e change and trigger some action in accordance with the change For example the UE may be arranged to turn off or power down its GPS receiver when it sees a sharp drop in GSM phone signal strength indicative of entry into a build ing In certain embodiments the user equipment is adapted to receive a plurality of radio signals in plurality of formats Generally the method is able to monitor parameters of those received signals and from those observed patterns derive information such as location information In certain embodiments the received radio signals include
24. n step 240 If the timer has expired the system proceeds to step 260 and if the timer has not expired the system proceeds to step 245 In step 245 the system collects measurement report information and determines if US 8 121 614 B2 11 the measurement report information is suspicious i e not reliable in step 250 For example the measurement report information may be a signal or a pattern measured with respect to the questionnaire provided to a user If it is the system requests a confirmation from the user and replies toa 5 response to the request in step 255 and then repeats step 240 If the measurement report information is not suspicious the system immediately proceeds to step 240 In step 260 the system determines whether to perform automatic training If the system wants to perform automatic 10 training the system proceeds to step 265 If the system does not want to perform automatic training the system proceeds to step 275 for setting the timer for reassessment In step 265 Location Domain 12 the system logs the measurement report 21 until the set time has expired and performs auto training and decision making in step 270 The system then proceeds to step 275 where the timer is set for reassessment and then ends the process The triggering criteria may be set based on the following scenario Table 3 lists examples of typical scenarios of interest along with information regarding characteristics of sig
25. nal property patterns associated with those scenarios and information regarding how to detect and decide the triggering point in effect what pattern to look for in order to trigger action etc The first 4 scenarios are general cases while the others are for more specific scenarios TABLE 3 Major Signal Pattern Time Domain Characteristic Other Criteria to consider Indoor Outdoor Entering into a building Leaving a building Home Leaving home Moving in home Office Entering the office Leaving Office Visited Supermarket Visited Car Park Open Sky Visited Car Park Basement Car NA Low GSM RSSI Previous measurements If WLAN detected strong should showed the signal power evidence of Outdoor if Low GPS dBm 160 previous measurement exists NA High GSM RSSI Previous measurements If WLAN detected low should showed the signal power evidence of Indoor if High GPS dBm 140 previous measurement exists NA Sequential signal variation NA from Outdoor to Indoor NA Sequential signal variation NA from Indoor to Outdoor Repeats Night Low GSM RSSI Does it match with the If WLAN detected strong BSIC neighbor cell list signal power or SSID Low GPS dBm 160 Repeats Sequential signal variation Does it match with the Morning from Indoor to Outdoor BSIC neighbor cell list or SSID Repeats Sequential signal variation Does it match with
26. ntifying said pattern triggering at least one action accord HOM 1 00 2006 01 ing to the identified pattern and or providing the UE with an i indication of a location of the UE based at least part of the 52 U S CD aiian 455 456 1 455 522 identified pattern 58 Field of Classification Search 000 0 None See application file for complete search history 33 Pattern DB acne aaa a ae aaa l l l 1 1 16 Claims 3 Drawing Sheets es A U S Patent Feb 21 2012 Sheet 1 of 3 US 8 121 614 B2 2 l l J l Poa Service 35 i Handler i i J al 1 33 3i Pattern Pattern D8 Matching j l j 29 al 20 l l L3 RRC i rT Ad ESN 38 oo oe J I l l U S Patent Feb 21 2012 Sheet 2 of 3 US 8 121 614 B2 Scan Pattern DB 105 110 200 140 ls the Pattern DB has relevant history data No a Activate Training Mode amp Reject the request Yes Set Up Triggering Criteria amp 115 Timer Activate Measurement 120 Devices if not 125 i Monitor Measurement Reports Sn acing ney Does the measurement repor match to the Triggering Criteria Report to the Service Handler Update the Pattern DB End Is Timer expired Yes Reject the request 145 FIG 2 U S Patent Feb 21 2012 Sheet 3 of 3 US 8 121 614 B2 Select the criteria to 205 215 210
27. pending on the location and the traffic of the BS obser vations of received signal properties can show certain patterns which can be used to make a determination about the location of the UE In certain embodiments the UE is operable ina WLAN To camp on an Access Point AP the mobile should typically monitor neighboring APs monitoring the SSID contained in and the signal strength of the received signal from each In certain embodiments the UE is operable in at least one GNSS system e g GPS To calculate its position the mobile UE tries to acquire satellite signals and the UE returns i e measures monitors received signal power in dBm and the number of satellites currently visible with the corresponding satellite identity number Additionally if Assisted GPS AGPS service is provided by the cellular network the mobile can get extra information such as a multipath indica tor A system according to an embodiment of the present inven tion will now be provided with reference to FIG 1 The core system has 2 parts a measurement part 20 and decision making part 30 Modems 10 which may include Radio Frequency RF modem of various radio receivers provide useful measurement in a predefined report format For example the modems 10 may include a GSM UMTS signal processing module 11 for transmitting and receiving radio signals based on a GSM or UMTS protocol a WLAN signal processing module 13 for transmitting and rece
28. re the user equipment comprises a GPS or other GNSS receiver and in one opera tional mode this receiver is operated at a first level of power consumption and in the other operational mode it is operated at a reduced power level or even switched off entirely Thus in certain embodiments of the invention observed patterns in signal properties could be used to save power by at least partially switching off a GPS receiver when the observed patterns are indicative of the user being in a location where location determination from GNSS signals will not be pos sible An example of switching an external apparatus from one operational mode to another is where an observed pattern is used to switch on an apparatus only when it indicates that a user has entered a particular environment such as switching on a television or other display unit or switching on lights when a user arrives at his or her office or home Another example would be where user equipment in the form of a mobile phone is arranged to hand over its display function to a television when a user arrives at work or home According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus which may also be described as a system that includes mobile User Equipment UE arranged to receive radio signals having at least one format and includes monitoring means arranged to monitor at least one property of the received radio signals pattern identification means arranged to identify a patt
29. riggering ofan event reminder was based on time line information only Certain embodiments may also be used for asset or user tracking applications and provide advantages over prior art systems limited to use either outdoors or requiring extra US 8 121 614 B2 7 equipment and components such as Radio Frequency IDen tification RFID tags for indoor use Certain embodiments are also able to provide the advan tage of automated profile and or configuration changes in response to detected signal patterns in contrast to prior art systems asking users to change the profile or configuration directly and manually Certain embodiments by identifying patterns involving the combination of time information and location signal pat terns are able to increase the accuracy and reliability of position estimation Embodiments may be implemented without requiring extra hardware for indoor use and so implementation may be Air Interface Cellular WLAN GPS cost effective and realized in a typical mobile phone The UE may include one or more radio signal interfaces such as WLAN GPS or GSM UMTS and in certain embodiments the method or system utilizes the best available information e g can use all of the available signals signals received from measurements to provide reliable location edge or zone infor mation It will be appreciated that information may be derived from measurements on radio signals received by a mobile UE A position
30. rn identification means identifying said pattern at least one of triggering at least one action according to the identified pattern and providing the mobile UE with a location of the mobile UE based at least in part on the identified pattern 16 A mobile User Equipment UE for using radio signals transmitted for reception by the mobile UE the mobile UE comprising a receiver for receiving radio signals having at least one format a monitoring part for monitoring at least one property of the radio signals and a pattern identifier for identifying a pattern in said at least one property wherein the mobile UE is arranged to respond to the pattern identifier identifying said pattern by performing at least one of triggering at least one action according to the identified pattern and providing a location of the UE based at least in part on the identified pattern
31. s sors 41 43 and 45 which process an application for tracking data log information an alarm application an application for executing profile or power control etc To minimize the engineering work in UMTS GSM rather than extracting the measurement report from the physical layer Layer 1 measurement reports from Layer 3 L3 such as a Radio Resource Controller RRC 23 are more desirable This information should be produced for the cellular network anyway and thus does not require any extra function or pro cessing in the mobile device Operation of the system embodying the invention will now be described in more detail A summary of operation is pro vided in the flow chart of FIG 2 Further information regard ing the function of the service handler 35 sub flow of training mode or triggering criteria are to be found below FIG 2 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention Referring to FIG 2 the system according to an embodiment of the present invention is initiated by an operation of the service handler 35 The application sends a request for the service to the ser vice handler 35 and the service handler 35 determines if it is capable of handling the request If capable the service handler 35 delivers the requested trigger to the application when the criteria are satisfied Such criteria are exchanged between the application processor 40 and the s
32. sts a confirmation based on likely criteria However because of the built in reassessment timer the system occasionally re evalu ates all of the credibility of the information parsed and stored and arranges training or updating For example referring to FIG 3 the training step step 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes server download in steps 205 225 user manual training in steps 230 255 and automatic training in steps 260 275 More specifically the server may generate a general information file or detailed information Thus the system selects criteria for evaluation in step 205 and determines if the selected criteria have high credibility in step 210 Ifthe criteria have a high credibility the timer for reassement is set in step 215 On the other hand if the criteria do not have high credibility the system proceeds to step 220 In step 220 the system determines if it can access the server and if the system can access the server the system accesses the server to download information and update the pattern DB 33 in step 225 If the system cannot access the server the system deter mines whether to perform manual training in step 230 If the system wants to perform manual training the system pro duces a questionnaire such as current position function to be used and signal pattern to be used to be provided to the user and sets the timer in step 235 The system determines if the timer has expired i
33. t on the identified pattern 2 The method of claim 1 wherein the received radio sig nals comprise radio signals transmitted from at least one transmitter located at a terrestrial location 3 The method of claim 1 wherein the received radio sig nals comprise signals transmitted from at least one Space Vehicle SV 4 The method of claim 1 wherein said pattern comprises at least one of a temporal pattern a chronological pattern a static pattern an instantaneous pattern and a dynamic pat tern 5 The method of claim 1 wherein said pattern comprises a change in at least one monitored property of at least one received radio signal US 8 121 614 B2 15 6 The method of claim 1 wherein said pattern comprises an instantaneous combination of monitored properties of a plurality of different received radio signals 7 The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one property comprises a received signal strength or power of a received radio signal 8 The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one property comprises at least one of a Block Error Rate BLER a Bit Error Rate BER a Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI a Common Pllot Channel Received Signal Code Power CPICH RSCP and a Space Vehicle SV power 9 The method of claim 1 further comprising monitoring by the mobile UE information contained in the received radio signals 10 The method of claim 9 wherein said identified pattern comprises a pattern in sa
34. the Evening or from Outdoor to Indoor BSIC neighbor cell list afternoon or SSID Repeats Low GSM RSSI Does it match with the Weekday If WLAN detected strong BSIC neighbor cell list 9am 5pm signal power or SSID Low GPS dBm 160 Repeats Sequential signal variation Does it match with the Weekday from Outdoor to Indoor BSIC neighbor cell list Morning or SSID Repeats Sequential signal variation Does it match with the Weekday from Indoor to Outdoor BSIC neighbor cell list Afternoon or SSID Occasional Low GSM RSSI Does it match with the 9 am 11 pm If WLAN detected strong BSIC neighbor cell list once aweek signal power or SSID Low GPS dBm 160 Double check with the map and the user route tracking NA High GSM RSSI Does it match with the If WLAN detected low BSIC neighbor cell list signal power or SSID High GPS dBm 140 Double check with the map and the user route tracking NA Low GSM RSSI Does it match with the If WLAN detected strong BSIC neighbor cell list signal power or SSID Low GPS dBm 160 Double check with the map and the user route tracking NA High GPS dBm 140 Double check with the map and the user route tracking US 8 121 614 B2 13 These patterns can also be used for automatic training in addition to the triggering decision making Of course the user can define other scenarios by manual configurations To enhance the accuracy of detection or deci sion making more para
35. ttern identification means may be provided elsewhere in the system i e external to the UE Similarly the UE may include the response means although in alternative embodi ments the response means may be external for example a communication network adapted to communicate with the UE may perform the action or actions in response to detec tion recognition identification of a particular pattern in received signal properties Another aspect of the invention provides mobile user equipment UE including signal reception means arranged to receive radio signals having at least one format monitoring means arranged to monitor at least one property of the received radio signals and pattern identification means arranged to identify a pattern in said monitored property or properties wherein the UE is arranged to respond to the pattern identification means identifying said pattern by per forming triggering at least one action according to the iden tified pattern and or providing an indication of a location of the UE based at least in part on the identified pattern It will be appreciated that optional features of the other aspects of the invention described above may also be incor porated in UEs in accordance with this third aspect with corresponding advantage Accordingly a description of those features will not be repeated here BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accomp
36. ved signal When that combination of signal strengths is observed together with an US 8 121 614 B2 3 abrupt drop in signal strength ofanother signal such as a GPS signal this can be used as an indication that the user is not just at or close to home but has actually entered their house Similarly when the combination of received signal strengths is observed together with a sudden increase in strength to the GPS signal this can be used as an indication that the user has just stepped out of their house Clearly there are a wide variety of ways in which the embodiments of the invention can monitor patterns in properties of received signals and use those patterns as indications of location and or movement Thus in certain embodiments the pattern being identified includes a change in at least one monitored property of at least one received radio signal Additionally the pattern may include an instantaneous combination of monitored properties of a plurality of differ ent received radio signals i e in different formats such as GSM GPS WLAN etc In certain embodiments the at least one property can include a BLock Error Rate BLER a Bit Error Rate BER a Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI a Common PIlot CHannel Received Signal Code Power CPICH RSCP and or an SV power In certain embodiments the method further includes moni toring using the mobile user equipment information con tained in the received radio signals
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