Lab Manual
Contents
1. London South Bank iversity Wireless Communications and Satellite Systems Lab Manual Ya Bao Thesmarkines scheme or WC amp SS lab reportaxs coarse a echoes whale idies 3 Tea Repor Guide l s sescent 4 WE 1 Investigation on WLAN Multipath Channel ccccccccccccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeesessseseeeeeeeees 5 WE 2 Radio Signal Monitoring and White Space Allocation cccccccssssssssseeeeseeeeeeeees 8 WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANPlannet cccccsseeeeecceeeeeeeceeaeaeeeessessseeeeeeeees 13 W Bed Characteristics OF Amen NaS oiie a O E 21 WE 5 Characteristics Of WPF i antennas isinsin a aa 29 WE 6 Optimise and secure a WiFi netWorkensrnineen a E E N 34 Ya Bao Table of Contents Page 2 The marking scheme of WC amp SS lab report WC amp SS lab report submission deadline upload to Moodle site and submit a paper copy to school office at T313 before the deadline publish on the Moodle Length limit of the report 10 14 A4 sides about 3000 words Main body font and size except title and sub titles Font Times new roman size 11 Save your report as WCSS_yourID_15 use your student ID to replace yourID Introduction amp General introduction aims objectives underlying theory Background Procedures Measurements amp Explanations Experimental details Procedures and observations Explanation of the measured results and observations Numerical evaluations and verifications Con2. Channel Auto DFS Y SSID Broadcast Enabled Disabled 2 4GHz Wireless Settings Network Mode Mixed Network Name SSID CiscoLE3000 1 Channel Width 20MHzonly Channel Auto SSID Broadcast Enabled Disabled Save Settings Cancel Changes What are differents between 5GHz and 2 4GHz wireless networks 5 Set two network names SSID to any name by yourself Record on your logbook SSID broadcast enabled Why Note any changes only can be actived after you click on Save Changes 6 Wireless Security choose both Security Mode Disable security Ensure PC2 and PC3 are both WiFi enabled and disconnected from wired Ethernet 8 From PC2 and PC3 scan WLAN find the SSID you set connect to 2 4 GHz network SSID Are you asked a password Page 35 WE 6 Optimise and secure a WiFi network 9 If they are successfully connect to the E3000 router get their IP4 address and their MAC addresses C _ You can use the getmac or ipconfig all Command in the Command Prompt fe IP4 Address MAC Address Physical Address PO PC J o 10 Use ping Command in the Command Prompt to check connectivity amount these 3 PCs 11 Use LAN speed test to measure transmission speed between 2 PCs You need set one PC as the server listen and the other PC as a client 12 You can measure the transmission speed via sharing a folder contains a big file on one PC and download it from another PC
3. Connection WiFi Cable Transmission speed _ PC2 PC3 WiFi WiFi oS o PC1 PC3 _ WiFi cable PCI PC4 Cable Cable ooo l 13 Wireless Wireless Security choose both WPA2 Personal Strongest with password of lab Save Settings Afiafi cisco Wireless Access Applications amp Setup Wireless Security Storage Pea USH Gaming Wireless Security i ZIRE 5GHz Wireless Security Security Mode WPA2 Personal X Passphrase la 2 4GHz Wireless Security Security Mode WPA2 Personal ai Passphrase E Save Settings Cancel Changes 14 Reconnect PC2 and PC3 to the 2 4 GHz WLAN Are you asked a password Experiment 2 Allow prevent a device to access the WLAN gt Check router status Status DHCP Client Tables It will show all devices connected to the WLAN Confirm these MAC addresses with those addresses you found before Page 36 WE 6 Optimise and secure a WiFi network O 192 168 1 99 DHCP lable asp Afiafi cisco SSeS Firmware Version 1 0 03 Status ccess Applications amp toe Gaming f A ar Setup Wireless Security Storage Restrictions Administration I Local Network l Wireless Network DHCP Client Table To Sort by IP Address v Local MAC Address C0 C1 C0 78 70 BD Expires Router IP Address 192 168 1 99 android 41f7ee6c793046b 192 168 1 108 F8 E0 79 79 21 F1 23 56 33 Delete Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 T718b 07 Wireless N
4. Username link Password link AA tl 1 Launch LANPlanner Solo by double clicking the LANPlanner Solo icon jai from your Windows desktop When the LANPlanner Solo GUI opens note the major features Motorola LANPLanner Solo Drawing1 dwe f x j F Edt viry Format R i Net t He amp 3 24h 42 eS OLSCe PENX TO A4Oveges9 Q MOTOROLA Gumert foor 1258 2212 009 ORTHO OSNAP Toolbar Icons Ya Bao Page 13 WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANPlanner New 0 R A 2 amp WMiGBf eo 2 e Clear Predictions Quick Predict Open Edit Rremove Print Preview Access Point Toggle Command Building Floor Place Access Window Manager Point Toggle Dockable Legend 2 Opening an Existing Workspace File gt Open Drawing choose to open a drawing file Default_final_with_key located at Default Folder Then Click NO on the promoted window L My Computer Open Drawing hh 8X Er 3t Floppy A Look in E Defaut e e Q a amp ga Local Disk C Formatted unformatted m Preview __ Program Files Measured C Work E Defaut Fi J LANPlanner Solo either ee LANPlanner Solo x wild JErauit_Final_With_Key majan Workspaces C Predicted INg MEMES Default IRF_Design oan a A Save changes to Drawing dwg s Filename Default Final with key Find Fie Cancel Files of type Drawing dwg Cancel Locate A 4 floor building drawing is show
5. Frequency J Wavelength m 10pk idk Sub milli Light spectrum Ship and Radio Ship and aircraft astonomy and Radio R t z aircraft aircraft communications aircraft radar space research astronomy a S E Guidance guidance communications 3 boatans beacors Ty Sega loa OSET or e application broadcasting Aa ites be i PERE Various Short w ave Ty r la Aig i b d ti Satellite satem Long range broadcasting See Broadcasting communicatio navigation International Fh broadcasting Mopin Pno Radio LORAN broadcasting car prones disturbance Community countermeasur broadcasting MECA relay Millimeter systems broadcasting wave relay for public Taxi wireless use Wireless LAN Electronic laser communications system Me dium wave Wicel broadcasting ireless communication CAN paging Cordless for public and P private Erpanganiey Amateur sectors communication an wireless icr cy A Governmental Microw awe mateur relay wireless Private f wireless Amateur wireless Broadcasting wireless program relay Amateur wireless Amateur wireless Underdeveloped frequency bandwidths Widehr used frequency bandwidths Frequency bandwidth abbreviations Yen U Utra S Super E Extemely L Low ht Middle H High F Frequency K 402 Mi 140 6 402 The signal strength dBm of frequencies in the range the user has specified can be monitored by the spectrum analyser Objectives e Monitor the signal strength in the spec
6. The Dipole in Free Space Assessment 2 The Dipole in Free Space In this practical you will use the radiation pattern plotter to create both horizontal and vertical patterns for a dipole and appreciate that they are not the same You will use the features of the plotter to display them together in three dimensions Practical Radiation Pattern of a Dipole 1 Open the Rotor Generator controller 2 After using the Antenna to zero function align the dipole so that the side of the dipole faces exactly the receiving antenna The frequency should be set at the default value of 1500MHz 3 Open the real time signal display and check that there is a signal present The level should be between 45dB and 55dB 4 Open the radiation pattern plotter and click plot Ya Bao Page 24 WE 4 Characteristics of a Dipole Antenna 5 The plot shows the horizontal radiation pattern of the dipole Note that the shape is similar to the theoretical pattern but there are some distortions This is due to reflections from the environment close to the antenna 6 Ask the lab tutor to move the yagi boom plus the dipole to the side of the antenna mount so that the dipole is vertically polarised Twist the receiving antenna through 90 degrees so that the rods are vertical 7 Click Show 90 Plane on the plotter and then click Select 90 Plane Now click plot and the new vertical plot will be displayed By using the three D controls you can rotate the display
7. cable Panel Large Omni antenna i antenna PC1 PC2 Standard Omni antennas Preparation these 5 steps may already done by the lab tutor 1 PC2 is acting as a WiFi signal broadcaster like an access point which SSID is lab PC1 is acting as a WiFi enabled device receiver Screw Standard Omnidirectional antennas on PC1 and PC2 respectively Switch on PC1 and PC2 choose Windows XP to start Leave PC2 at the login window You don t need to login to PC2 PY Login to PCI with username link and password link Assessment1 Relationships between RF signal strengths and distances For the RF signal propagated in the free space the free space lose given by P 4rd _ 4afd P A c r E P signal power at transmitting antenna E P signal power at receiving antenna Page 29 WE 5 Characteristics of WiFi antennas E carrier wavelength E d propagation distance between antennas E c speed of light 3 x 10 m s where d and are in the same units e g meters P and P are in the same units e g W or mW Hence we have 2 Pa ds d ceri r P dBm P dBm 20le P or P dBm P dBm g L It shows the relationships between received RF signal strength and the distances between transmitter and receiver antennas 1 Ensure standard Omni antennas are used on PC1 and PC2 2 On the PC1 desktop double click on InSSIDer kinai 3 Only select the SSI
8. so that you can see both plots in their respective axis Cursor lt gt 3D control ve lt gt lt C gt lt gt Assignment 3 Effect of Surroundings Practical 1 Attenuation in the Path 1 Set AntennaLab in the normal configuration The two towers should be about 0 5 metre apart and the receiving antenna set for horizontal polarisation 2 Open the Rotor Generator controller Ya Bao Page 25 WE 4 Characteristics of a Dipole Antenna 3 Using the Antenna to zero function align the dipole Ensure the side of the dipole faces to the receiving antenna The frequency should be set at the default value of 1SOOMHz 4 Open the real time signal display and check that there is a signal present The level should be between 45dB and 55dB 5 By placing your hand in different positions you can have a significant effect on the apparent path loss between the two antennas Remember that the scale is in decibels and so is logarithmic This means that a change of 3dB is in reality the power changing by a factor of two Practical 2 Reflections from an Object 1 Set up the system for radiation pattern plotting using the dipole that you used in Practical 1 2 Open the Rotor Generator controller and use the default frequency of 1500MHz 3 Open the Radiation Pattern Plotter and make a plot of the dipole so you can see what the plot is like under normal conditions 4 Now take the metal sheet get from the lab tutor and ho
9. 110 MHz 2120 Mhz 2130 MHz 2140 MHz 2150 MHz 2160 MHz 2170 MHz 2180 MHz 2190 MHz 3 02 Freguenc a i Voda ha T Mobile Orange Start 2100 MH EE Stop 2190 000128 MHz 1 3 After scanned for about 10 minutes click Stop Scan in the control Panel 1 4 Check and record the heatmap 1 5 Explain what RF signal carrier allocated in this spectrum How wide of each channel Note Export the data and graph Move your cursor in the graph you wish to save right click to choose Export Data choose Jpeg to save a file on your own USB disk to choose Text to save date which can be open in Excel Experiment 2 Investigate the ISM band 2400 2500MHz Use the Control Panel to change the Scan Setting to the frequency band of 2400 2500MHz Investigate the signal strength and heatmap Record your observation and explain which frequency bands are in higher signal levels and what applications are using these bands Please refer to the Frequency Allocation Table at http www ofcom org uk static archive ra topics spectrum strat uk fat uk fat2002 htm What is ISM band Why we choose ISM band to study Experiment 3 Define and allocate White spaces Ya Bao Page 9 WE 2 Radio Signal Monitoring and White Space Allocation White space is the band between used radio frequency bands RF analyzer can find and allocate the white space in a specific range 3 1 In the control panel close the Sensitivity Setting and Scaling sections 3 2 choose a White Space
10. 192 168 1 109 A4 2B 8C 5F 4A 91 T718b 05 192 168 1 110 A4 2B 8C 5F 33 59 2256 35 Delete DHCP Server T718b 10 192 168 1 111 54 A0 50 70 40 F3 232112 Delete T718b 09 192 168 1 112 54 A0 50 70 43 FD DHCP Server Enabled Start IP Address 192 168 1 100 End IP Address 192 168 1 149 DHCP Client Table gt Allowing or restrict a specific device by its MAC address Wireless access can be filtered restricted by specifying the MAC addresses of the devices in your wireless network Try preventing PC3 access your WLAN Wireless Wireless MAC Filter e Check and confirm PC3 has been restricted from your WLAN e Change the setting back to let PC3 can reconnect to the WLAN again Experiment 3 Share USB Storage Your Linksys E3000 has a USB port on the back of the Router This allows you to connect an external USB drive and access the contents over the network 1 Connect an USB flash disk to the USB port of the Router 2 Create a Shared Folder on the USB disk connected on the router Storage Disk click on Edit beside the public in the following window tick on Share entire Partition add guest r into right side column Then Save Settings 29 66 3 Storage Media Server specify folder to scan Enter into Folder wait few seconds tick on Share entire Partition then Save Settings Record server name on your logbook 4 Simi
11. 5 Monitoring 3G mobile phone signal optional 5 1 Click File Open Profiles to choose a pre defined profile 1900 2000mobile iwp in RF Analyzer folder and open it 5 2 Click View Control Panel record your settings Start Scan You should see following results Ya Bao Page 10 WE 2 Radio Signal Monitoring and White Space Allocation Spectrum Trace View Current Maxima Shadow 314 4 ae D 7 o T 90 _ vnite brace Threshold R 1104 i bre lar Warned abd voted 1900 MHz 1910 MHz 1920 MHz 1930 MHz 1940 MHz 1950 MHz 1960 MHz 1970 MHz 1980 MHz 1990 MHz 2000 MHz Frequency Start 1900 MHz Stop 2000 MHz 5 3 Explain what RF signal allocated in this spectrum 5 4 Switch on your 3G mobile around the analyser s antenna and start to surf the Internet while the analyser is scanning What s happening on your monitor Try switch on another company s mobile phone if available and common on your finding spectrum Trace View Current Maxima Shadow 31 4 4 a gT rT por z D N H 5 H f f o 90 write Space Threshold ma G r Le AAAA da a H m H JAAN p H 1900 MHz 1910 MHz 1920 MHz 1930 MHz 1940 MHz 1950 M
12. D which is lab b 40 3E lab _ 11 44 50 11 47 19 0 000000 h 2 4 GHz Channels 5 GHz Channels Filters GPS 4 Record the RSSI between the transmitter and the receiver antennas in following Table 1 5 Use the large Omni antenna with the basement instead of the standard antenna on PCI Keep the same distance of antennas as before Record the RSSI and compare it with that got from step 4 6 Connect the extension cable between PCI and the basement cable connector Keep the same distance of antennas as before Record the RSSI and compare it with that got from step 5 Compare it with that got from step 5 Explain the reason if they are different Page 30 WE 5 Characteristics of WiFi antennas steps PC1 PC2 RSSI dBm comments 4 Standard Omni Standard antenna Omni antenna 5 Large Omni Standard antenna Omni antenna 6 Large Omni Standard extension Omni antenna cable Table 1 7 Move the receiver s antenna on the different distance to the transmitter and record RSSI in following Table 2 8 Use Standard Omni antenna instead the large aerial on the basement and repeat the measurements in step7 and record your measures in following table 9 Use the panel antenna instead the standard aerial on PC2 and repeat the measurements in step7 and record your measures in following table Ensure the receiver antenna should be in the centre of the panel a
13. Hz 1960 MHz 1970 MHz 1980 MHz 1990 MHz 2000 MHz Frequency Start 1900 MHz Stop 2000 MHz 5 5 What company network did this mobile run on Is it match with your SIM card What s about if your SIM card not belonged within above 4 5 companies Note Third Generation 3G Frequency Range pf t900 19003 Guard band Uplink 1900 3 1905 2 49 licence T Mobile mobile phone 1905 2 1910 1 49 licenceE Orange 9150 19199 a9 fiene 3 risi99 19203 Tooran Ya Bao Page 11 WE 2 Radio Signal Monitoring and White Space Allocation References 1 Invisible Waves User Guide 2 http www ofcom org uk Ya Bao Page 12 WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANPlanner WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANPlanner Objectives Design a WLAN Evaluate the signal strength and throughput by allocating access points Equipment Motorola LanPlanner Exercise 1 Start to use the LANPlanner Solo LANPlanner Solo is a revolutionary software package that enables you to efficiently design model and measure 802 1 1a 802 11b and 802 11g networks Building facilities and campus environments can be quickly modelled using menus that guide you step by step You can quickly place access points and predict signal coverage during the WLAN design phase Post WLAN deployment you can use LANPlanner Solo s powerful features for measuring network performance and validating network designs Switch on a PC choose Windows XP and login with
14. Radiation Pattern Plotter Procedures 1 Open the Rotor Generator controller 2 Open the Radiation Pattern plotter 3 Click the Plot button on the plotter Mormali e 4 The pattern should be displayed on the plotter Tick the normalise box you may get a clear graph All the features available on the plotter are described in the Equipment Ya Bao Page 22 WE 4 Characteristics of a Dipole Antenna Manuals section You can Save the data into a csv file which can be opened in Excel or Load by software Right click on the graph you can Export Display to File a o Practical 3 The Frequency Plotter Procedures 1 Open the Rotor Generator controller and zero the antenna Make sure that the receiving antenna is facing the generator antenna The minimum frequency and the maximum frequency should be set at the default values of 1200MHz and 1800MHz 2 Open the frequency plotter 3 Click Plot The plot will take a number of seconds to complete and the display will only be shown at the end 4 Enlarge the display use your mouse to move the Cursor under the graph Find the maximum Gain and the centre frequency Find the 3 dB bandwidth of this antenna Ya Bao Page 23 WE 4 Characteristics of a Dipole Antenna 1 8 GHz 1 2 GHz Plot ref ielect plot oldest 5 Maalf Cursor lt gt 3D control Save lt gt Close the Familiarisation window return to the main window Click to open
15. Threshold dBm at 100 k Control Panel UMTS base station Start Scan fei x C gt gt Scan Settings Start E Ea MHz Center Ei MHz Ent E I e Spon I on Available Trace Resolutions 100 KHz Smaller Resolution gt gt Slower Scan Rate Larger Resolution gt gt Faster Scan Rate Approximate Time Per Scan Sec Enable FULL Scans Data Points Per Scan C Enable RO Scans Interlaced Scans Required To A Enable ea Gena Converge On An Accuracy of 25 KHz Sensitivity Settings scaling C White Space Threshold White Space Threshold dB m 130 110 90 70 50 30 1 1 1 l Data Recording E Transmitters Transmitter Locations R Bandwidth i MHz Attempt To Spread Transmitter Locations Spacing os MHz 2120 MHz Monitored Frequencies White Space White Spaces and Optimal Transmitter Locations i 2125MHz 2130 MHz Current 2135 MHz 2140 MHz Frequency 2145 MHz 2150 MHz 3 3 Change the bandwidth setting from 2 MHz to 5 MHz compare the observations 3 4 Change the threshold to 110 compare the observations Experiment 4 Investigate a wide band 1710 3500 MHz Record your observation and explain which frequency bands are in higher signal levels and what wireless applications are using these bands Please refer to the Frequency Allocation Table at http www ofcom org uk static archive ra topics spectrum strat uk fat uk fat2002 htm Experiment
16. andalone Wireless Local Area Network WLAN It can provide connections and services streaming music video file sharing within them members locally However it has no internet access Experiment 4 Set the E3000 router as an access point to extend a wired network l launch the web browser on PC1 and enter the Router s default IP address 192 168 1 99 in the Address field Then press Enter Login the router as an administrator Username leave as blank Password admin Setup Basic Setup tick Disable on the DHCP Server setting section Power off the router Connect the router to a network socket on the lab bench use one of 4 blue LAN ports not the yellow Internet port Connect PC2 and PC3 to the 2 4 GHz WLAN Try to access BBC Google and other website on the internet from PC1 PC2 PC3 and PC4 Can you access the Internet Why Final step Login the router tick Enable on the DHCP Server setting section Save Ensure the router s IP is 192 168 1 99 Then logout the router power off Finish Page 38
17. clusion sed Discussion Analysis amp umerical evaluations and verifications Conclusions ba Conclusions on the work carried out Learning outcomes Further study Suggestions Report structure Clearly written and understandable References amp Overall Quality of English References and the citation within the presentation main text Lab PC login Username lab Password lab Please save your works on your own USB driver Lab Report Guidelines Formal lab reports should be typed on A4 paper and contain the following sections and don t exceed the limit of the length v Title Page Title of the experiment Author s name and student number Your instructor s name The date the report was submitted v Aims and objectives What was the purpose of the experiment What was it supposed to reveal Y Introduction Theory The introduction should give some background on the problem your experiment investigated Theory section presents theoretical models equations physical principles etc that are relevant to the investigation described in the report It should be within one page v Materials List everything needed to complete your experiment v Methods Procedure Describe the steps you completed during your investigation Don t simply copy the instructions given in the lab manual You need to describe what YOU did Make good use of diagrams sketches or photographs to show important layout wiring and connections v Exper
18. ctivity in your network environment This feature is a key enabler for wireless asset tracking LANPlanner Solo allows you to place sensors within your building drawing To do this select Network Design gt Sensor gt Place Sensor you can edit and remove sensors from your building drawing by selecting Network Design gt Sensor gt Edit Remove Sensor 7 Running Quick Prediction Predict performances of this wireless network 8 Save your work on your OWN USB stick Ya Bao Page 19 WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANPlanner Worshop Exercise Open the original existing drawing Default_final_with_key 1 Use 5 Access Points 802 11g to cover floor 2 to provide a wireless coverage as a high rate as possible Give out the performance predictions 2 Show the performance predictions explain their meaning and make conclusions regarding these predictions Reference LanPlanner User s Manual Ya Bao Page 20 WE 4 Characteristics of a Dipole Antenna WE 4 Characteristics of Antennas Objectives Investigate characteristics of a dipole antenna and a dish antenna Required Equipment Feedback AntennaLab hardware platform Feedback Discovery Software install in a PC A diploe antenna A dish antenna Preparation login the PC Windows XP with username lab and password lab Switch on the Feedback AntennaLab 57 200 Generator box WARNING If the antenna rotates continuously switched OFF the Generator immed
19. eate New Region J Cancel 3 Create the new region in the building drawing by selecting Create New Region Left click once to begin the region and again to specify the end point Ya Bao Page 17 WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANPlanner ort Specify Client Location and Requirement Regions Standard IEEE 802 11q 200 54 Mbps 1 Mbps Remove Selected Region Color Coding 4 Specifying Exclusion Regions Sometimes the designer may need to identify areas in a building that equipment cannot be placed in These areas know as exclusion regions can be specified so that LANPlanner Solo will not place any access points within them The equipment exclusion region window is shown below Click Done to execute Quick Start AP Placement with your settings dentify Equipment Exclusion Regions 7 Identify regions where equipment cannot be placed Floor02 Floor02 4dd Equipment Exclusion Region Rectangular New Region LANPlanner Solo s placement engine then e Chooses optimal locations for the access points to satisfy coverage and capacity requirements e Determines optimal channel assignments to maximize SIR Signal to Interference Ratio and sets the channel on each access point appropriately e Optimises and configures power levels effectively reducing the power of access points from the initial power setting Ya Bao Page 18 WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANP
20. ed Parameters SGlobal Auto Placement Options Double click deswed Access Point m ge Back Cancel 2 Specify Client Location and Requirement Regions You can create multiple regions with each region specifying unique coverage capacity data rate and the number of users The Quick Start algorithm satisfies two different metrics e Coverage Guaranteed data rate peak data rate across the requirement region such that each user in that region can connect at that data rate Data rate is mapped directly from the RSSI signal strength e Capacity Number of users multiplied by average usage per user called avg data rate such that enough access points are placed to satisfy the usage requirements If you are working with a drawing that has multiple floors select the floor from the drop down box The Quick Start placement wizard can optimise access point placements for requirement regions defined on multiple floors at once The requirement region list shows all regions in the drawing not just for the current floor Standard IEEE 802 119 Min Mbps r New Region Characteristics lt lt lt Back Color Coding LS Type Rectangular F Peak data rate f 54 7j Mbps Specify capacity statistics below of clients 200 Average Sustained Data Rate Defaults Internal file transfer 450 MB hour 1 Mbps jo Kbps C Other Floor04 z Y Cr
21. he E3000 s built in media server streams music video and photos from an attached storage device to any UPnP compatible media adapter or player A variety of security features help to protect your data and your privacy while you are online Ss 1 Connect PC1 and the linksys router with ethernet cable use one of 4 blue LAN ports not the yellow Internet port 2 Power on the router Wait 2 minutes 3 launch the web browser on PC1 and enter the Router s default IP address 192 168 1 99 in the Address field Then press Enter Login the router as an administrator Username leave as blank Password admin Page 34 WE 6 Optimise and secure a WiFi network 192 168 1 99 x e gt 5 192 168 1 99 Authentication Required The server http 192 168 1 99 80 requires a username and password The server says Linksys E3000 User Name Log In Cancel You will access the administrator s interface of the router 4 Go to Wireless Basic Wireless Setups choose Manual Linksys E3000 E3000 Wireless Setup Wireless Security Storage Access O Basit Wireless Settings Wireless Security Wireless MAC Filter Vivenced Wireless Settings Administration Status Configuration View Manual W Fi Protected Setup 5GHz Wireless Settings Network Mode Mixed Network Name SSID CiscoLE3000 1 Channel With Auto 20MHe or 40MH2 v
22. iately Check following antenna setup e Distance between the Receiver and Generator Towers to be about half metre e Receiving antenna the four log periodic point directly at the Generator Tower e The boom of the Generator antenna is pointing directly at the Receiver Double clicking the 57 200 AntennaL Assessment 1 Familiarisation Click on the Familiarisation block Feedback Discovery 7 0 3 7 AntennaLab 57 200 Click on Practical 1 on the right panel Ya Bao Page 21 WE 4 Characteristics of a Dipole Antenna Practical 1 The Real Time Signal Display Procedure 1 Open the Rotor Generator controller Rotor Generator Arteria Cartinaller i Set Frequency 2 Click Antenna to zero button 3 Open the real time signal display t Signal on the equipment panel 4 The bar represents the received signal strength and should be in the range 40dB to 7OdB 5 Enlarge the real time signal display window Try moving the Generator antenna and see how the signal level changes Try putting your hand between the two antennas and see how the level drops due the attenuation Record your reading Note that the power level used by this equipment is very small and is therefore safe In a real situation being very close to a transmitting antenna or touching it could be dangerous Close Practical 1 and click on Practical 2 on the right panel Practical 2 The
23. id Predictions Duick Predict Select desired prediction mode below then select HM ext AP Senso Prediction Mode Channel Planning Instant Point Mode RSSI Eooltip Contour Predictions Configure Predictions Position Boundary C Access Point Positioning strong Signal 65 0 dBm Antenna Reorientation Boundary Color For Position Reorientatian i Grid Predictions received Signal Strength R551 Configure Other Settings Air Interface Standard IEEE 50z 11g Floor Flooro4 A Link to Predict Forward Reverse cancel Click on Next gt gt gt Select Access Points Access Points in the Drawing Floor4 AP159 Floor4 AF160 FloorO4 AP161 Floorl4 APTES Floorll4 AF163 Floor 4 AF164 Page 15 WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANPlanner Multi select all APs click OK The predicted results will be shown as below LAA BEERE Current Floor 4 of 4 Legend Data P Predictions Grids gt 40_dBm_ASSI 2 7 2 gt 5O_ dBm_ASSI 7 22 gt BO_dBm_RASSI 10 622 gt B5S_dBm_ASSI 11 32 gt FO_dBm_RASSI 95 6 gt 75_ dBm_ASSI 8 12 gt BO_dBm_RASSI 10 0 gt 85_dBm_ASSI 15 23 gt 90_dBm_ASSI 12 13 gt 95 dBm_ASSI 4 722 gt 100_dBm_RASSI 3 92 gt 110_dBm_RAS5l 4 6 gt 120_dBm_ASSI 0 1 lt 120_dBm_RAS5l 0 0 Partition Categories Drywall or sheetrock Cubicle all Wooden door Elevato
24. ified frequency band e Define and locate White Space e Monitor Specific Frequencies e Plot 3 Dimensional Heatmap Equipments e Invisible Waves RF Analyzer kit e PC with software installed Initial Experiment Setup Step 1 to 4 maybe already set 1 Ensure the analyser kit has been correctly connected 2 Switch on PC choose Windows XP login with user name lab and password lab 3 Connect the analyzer with PC via the USB cable 4 Switch on the analyzer s power Step 1 to 4 maybe already set Ya Bao Page 8 WE 2 Radio Signal Monitoring and White Space Allocation 5 Double Click on the desktop 6 Close the Control Panel Default 7 Click the main window View Options Hardware choose 1700 3500 MHz Experiment 1 Signal strength of the 3G mobile phone frequency band 1 1 Click File Open Profiles to choose a pre defined profile 2100 2190BaseStation iwp in RF Analyzer folder and open it 1 2 Click View Control Panel record your settings Start Scan You should see following results 3G downlink Signal level measured at T718 spectrum Trace View Curent Maxima Shadow cy crs a 8 A m n y4 i r y ayom N jean PA P ve j g i p f A j net I aa rr a er ee a diel Bede Fond l J PSN 4 ii TE AA i a j tf tf i i ti White Space Thresh Signal Strength daBrm as Co f a 2100 MHz 2
25. imental Results and explanations Present your results and summarise the data using figures and tables Each figure and each table must have a number and a caption Do not simply dump a bunch of graphs and tables into this section with no explanation It is best to locate figures and tables within the text and preferably on the same page where they are referred to rather than grouping them together at the end of the report v Discussion Discuss the meaning and importance of the experimental results compare the results to theoretical predictions describe the accuracy of the results address discrepancies and ultimately draw conclusions in regards to the objectives of the experiment v Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions that have been made and gives specific recommendations for the next steps that could be taken in subsequent experiments or further research v References If your research was based on someone else s work or if you cited facts that require documentation then you should list these references http www sbu ac uk library html documents HS28 numeric2012 pdf is a very helpful sheet on how referencing should be done in any technical report Lab or final project References 1 Dr Sandra Dudley Typical Lab report contents 2 BJ Furman Laboratory Report Guidelines Ya Bao Page 4 WE 1 Investigation on WLAN Multipath Channel WE 1 Investigation on WLAN Multipath Channel Objective to in
26. lanner e Takes floor to floor signal into consideration and also takes into account access points which already exist in the current drawing After executing Quick Start AP Placement LANPlanner Solo updates the drawing window with the placed access points and signal coverage contour as above figure Once you are satisfied with access point placement you are ready to evaluate the design in detail and reconfigure hardware as needed 5 Edit Remove Access Point The Network Design gt Edit Remove Access Point command allows you to edit remove move or copy any access point in the drawing From the Move Access Point dialog select the access point that you wish to move and click Move Your pointer will take on the appearance of the access point that you selected from the list Move the Access Point to the desired location and click to place it Click Finished after moving access points Network Design Network Verification Utilities Hel Quick Start AP Planning H k Move Access Point Place Access Point EditRemovwe Access Point Select Access Point Access Point Colors Move Access Point by Copy Access Pomt Sensor p Quick Predict Ctrl Grid Coverage Display Clear Predictions Ctl e Bill of Materials Set Propagation Model Parameters Mobile Receiver Parameters Finished 6 Managing Sensors Placing Sensors Sensors are RF detectors used in a wireless network designs to monitor RF a
27. lar settings for FTP server give the display name FTP test FTP port 21 Record them on your logbook Don t forget Save Setting 5 Access files in the Public folder Click Network on the desktop NOTE If the Public folder is not displayed right click Network Click Properties Click Change advanced sharing settings Select Turn on network discovery Select Turn on file and printer sharing Click Save changes On the login screen enter your account user name admin and password admin Click OK 6 Streaming Music Video via the media server on the USB driver from PC1 PC2 AND PC3 respectively Page 37 WE 6 Optimise and secure a WiFi network Access FTP server on the USB driver from PC1 PC2 and PC3 It allows PCs download and upload files from to the USB driver Click FileZilla Client on the desktop of PCs Connect to the FTP server on the USB driver by Host 192 168 1 99 User name admin Password admin Port 21 Then Quikconnect Click on the FTP test folder which the name you give before You can download upload files from to this folder Connect to the FTP server on the USB driver by Host 192 168 1 99 User name guest Password leave as blank Port 21 Then Quikconnect You only can download read files on the server Launch a web browser IE or Chrome try to access BBC co uk google co uk Isbu ac uk Can you access the Internet Why So far you successfully constructed a st
28. ld it to the side of the dipole at about 45 degrees pointing towards the receiving antenna Make sure the metal sheet need to be far away from the boom to avoid crashing while it rotating The exact position is not critical 5 Make sure that the Overlay option is ticked on the plotter and click plot again 6 A new plot is superimposed over the previous plot showing how the radiation pattern has been changed You can try a number of different positions for the plate and superimpose the plots The maximum number of plots you can see at the same time is five ma On the equipment panel Real time 7 Open the real time signal display 8 Place the metal sheet in between the dipole and receiver antennas with the different distances to the dipole antenna Measure the received signal strengths 9 What are positions of the metal sheet will reduce the signal strength What are positions of the metal sheet will increase the signal strength Why Assignment 4 Dish Antennas Close all openned windows Ask the lab tutor to mount the dish antenna onto the mounting on s post as shown Double clicking the 57 200 AntennaL Ya Bao Page 26 WE 4 Characteristics of a Dipole Antenna Click Dish Antenna from following screen Feedback Discovery 7 0 3 2 Antennalab 57 200 1 First Open the Rotor Generator controller set the motor speed to 18 and zero the rotation angle The frequency should the default of 1500 MHz Roto
29. n you can click the Tools Data Statistics data 5 SNR or data 4 Bit rate or data 3 BER Record the mean value You can take the measurement after running for minute then stop the running Wait for the ending of the simulation takes time JEEE 802 11aLink Sel File Edit View Insert Pioo S Desktop Window Help ssal ARD E e a TX Data 5 microsec SNR dB RX power spectrum dB 0 Unequalized signal 10 wwe we dw ww eee Ny Oo WN Bi BER per packet data 3 6 Change the setting of SNR 5 to 35 dB to obtain the trend of BER SNR 7 Change the setting of SNR 5 to 35 dB to obtain the trend of Bit Rate SNR 8 Plot BER SNR and Bit Rate SNR graphs respectively Ya Bao Page 6 WE 1 Investigation on WLAN Multipath Channel SNR dB BER Bit rate MBps 1 Change to Flat fading and Dispersive fading respectively Record and plot BER SNR BER Bit Rate graphs Because of fading real time value is variable You can use the mean from the Data Statistics Question 2 explain the terms of e Fading e Flat fading e Dispersive fading References MATLAB R2007b Help file Ya Bao Page 7 WE 2 Radio Signal Monitoring and White Space Allocation WE 2 Radio Signal Monitoring and White Space Allocation The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength Alps s materials
30. n in the window as below 4 Motorola LANPlanner Solo C Program Files _LANPlanner Solo Workspaces Default Default_Final_with_key dwg E oj x Q File Edit view Format Building Network Design Network Verification Utilities Help x Jon eleBia lesoeea mororo Current Floor 4 of 4 Legend Data Partition Categories Drywall or sheetrock Cubicle wall wooden door Elevator or metallic obstacle Glass door or window no doping Brick concrete or concrete block Basement or foundation wall Metallic rack Aiding All Unformatted Floor Partitions Ce E Project Default gt gt Floor04 94 31 58 79 9 88 SNAP GRID ORTHO POLAR OSNAP OTRACK LwT MODEL e Note Never save any your own works in the Default F z 7 folder Save everything on your OWN disk a o r 3 m F l a a l a Q i 7 Ya Bao bL JF G h WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANPlanner 3 Access Point Placement Single left click on it Then double click on the 802 11g in the next prompted window You can directly place Access Points at desired locations in the drawing by clicking in the drawing at the locations you want to locate the hard wares Right click and select Done to finish the placement 4 Quick Prediction Click on Quick Prediction button on the toolbar DAA amp Pet os oBea gt The following window will prompted You can start from the Gr
31. ntenna coverage steps 7 8 9 PC1 Large Omni antenna Standard Omni Large Omni extension cable antenna extension antenna cable extension cable PC2 Standard Omni Standard Omni Panel antenna antenna antenna 30cm 60cm 100cm 200cm 300cm 500cm comments Table 2 10 Plot a graph to present your measurements Assessment2 Characteristics of a panel antenna A panel antenna is a directional antenna which radiates 330 i 30 greater power in one or more directions 270 0 5 29 5 4 5 0 240 210 160 Typical panel antenna radiation pattern Page 31 WE 5 Characteristics of WiFi antennas Radiation Patterns v Graphical representation of radiation properties of an antenna v Depicted as two dimensional cross section Beam width or half power beam width v Measure of directivity of antenna Ensure the panel antenna is connected on PC2 Connect a standard Omni antenna on the basement and connect to PC1 via a 5m extension cable Move the basement with the aerial to the different distances and angels from the panel antenna and record RSSI in Table 3 60cm 100cm 300 cm 500 cm 0 30 60 90 150 180 240 270 300 330 Table 3 Plot the radiation
32. pattern of this panel antenna Use the large Omni aerial point to upside instead the panel antenna connected on the PC2 and re do step 2 Record RSSI in table 4 30cm 100 cm 300 cm 500 cm 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 Table 4 Plot the radiation pattern of this large omnidirectional antenna Page 32 WE 5 Characteristics of WiFi antennas Assessment3 Optional you need to use your own Android mobile phone or tablet to do the following experiments 1 Install following free apps from Play Store into your mobile device ar S A amp lt Q Wifi Analyzer inSSIDe network signal info 2 Use these 3 free apps to measure the signal strength of the lab with the different distances and angles from the transmitter antenna Compare your measurements with what you got from Assignment and Assignment2 3 Use apps to measure the signal strength of the LSBU wireless network EDUroam 4 Use the app to find the nearest Access Point 5 What is the highest signal RSSI you received from EDUroam when your mobile device closes to the AP 6 Investigate the relationship between signal strength vs distances Verify your measurement with theoretical formula 8 Measure the RSSI with a fixed distance but turn your mobile de
33. r Generator 2 Open the radiation pattern plotter and plot the radiation pattern Note the very narrow beam that is produced 3 What is the beamwidth of this antenna beamwidth the angle between the half power 3 dB points of the main lobe 4 Open the frequency plotter and plot the forward gain over the default frequency range of 1200 MHz to 1800 MHz 5 What is the 3 dB bandwidth of this antenna Ya Bao Page 27 WE 4 Characteristics of a Dipole Antenna ymin 70 dB 1 8 GHz 1 2 GHz Plot ref 56 31 dB Cursor Cursor Im 1 42 GHz lt gt 3D control 5 Save lt gt Load 303dB lt gt 6 Now open the real time signal level Set the frequency to 1500 MHz Read the real time antenna gain 7 Try to adjust the Set Frequency from the range of 1200MHz to 1800 Mhz record your reading and compare with the results obtained in step 4 Rotor Generator POPPED HEED DOPE eebebined Dets Note do not switch off any equipment and PC when you finish the workshop References Feedback software help files Ya Bao Page 28 WE 5 Characteristics of WiFi antennas WE 5 Characteristics of WiFi antennas Objectives Investigate Omni directory and panel Wi Fi antenna characteristics Required Equipment e Two PCs with PCI WiFi cards e Two standard omnidirectional antennas e One large omnidirectional antenna with basement e One panel antenna e 5 metre extension
34. r or metallic obstacle Glaze door or window no doping Brick concrete or concrete blocl Basement or Foundation wall Metallic rack You can click on the Cancel Prediction to cancel the prediction gn aan 5 Try other selections on the prediction window to familiarise yourself 6 Try all selections on the prediction window on floors 03 02 and O1 7 Try to move the position of the APs predict the results 8 Save your work on your OWN USB stick Exercise 2 Quick Start AP Planning by LanPlanner Solo LANPlanner Solo includes the ability to automatically place and configure Access Points APs in the building model to satisfy your unique coverage and capacity requirements 1 Selecting Network Design gt Quick Start AP Placement opens the Select Access Point Model dialog Choose 802 11g then Next gt gt gt Ya Bao Page 16 WE 3 Wireless LAN designing by LANPlanner Select Access Point Model Network Design Network Verification Quick Start AP Planning Place Access Point Description Edit Remove Access Point 45802119 Access Point Colors 802 11 bg 2390211 b Move Access Point 45 802 11 ag Copy Access Point d4 802 11 abo 1 Sensor da 80211 a Quick Predict Grid Coverage Display iodine Bill of Materials Set Propagation Model Parameters Mobile Receiver Parameters Aur mtertace std May Hof APs in the design 100 im Plan for resiliency 50 power M Advanc
35. vestigate the multipath channel in 802 1la PHY Tools MATLAB Simulink Communications Blockset Procedure 1 Start MATLAB by double clicking the MATLAB icon ah 2 Type commwlan8g0211a at the MATLAB prompt to open the IEEE 802 11la WLAN PHY model Then save the model as xx_wlan in the directory where you keep your work files xx could be your first name IEEE 802 11a WLAN PHY Texbits Packet Error Rate lt exb its PER Double clig amp to set A f M lt Jeqresp channel pasameters Constellation lt prerxg ool Power Spectrum Error Vector Magnitude Adaptive Modulation estSNR dB Control Bit Rate Signal Visualizatio n Double click to openiclose Question 1 What is IEEE 802 1la WLAN PHY Briefly explain the functions of each blue block in the model diagram Ya Bao Page 5 WE 1 Investigation on WLAN Multipath Channel 3 Double click the Multipath Channel block choose No Fading from Fading Mode window Set SNR at 30 dB Click Apply then OK Parameters Fading mode No fading Channel sample period s params chans amplePeriod 4 Run the model by click button on the tool bar Record the reading of PER and Bit Rate Mb s 5 While the model is running double click on the Signal Visualization block to open a real time scopes It is really helpful for your understand of fading effects After the simulatio
36. vice at different angels e g face to back to side to pointed to to the AP 9 Did you find any open Access Point around Tower block 7th floor Can you connect to it and access to the Internet 10 Use Wifi Analyzer and set to view the channels Did you notice most APs are located on 3 WiFi channels ch1 ch6 and ch11 Why 11 Use these apps to investigate signal strength and channel environment in your home They can help you to choose the best channel which has the minimum interferences with your neighbours WLANs Measured in Ya Bao s home network References William Stallings Wireless Communications amp Networks 2 Edition Peason Prentice Hall 2005 Page 33 WE 6 Optimise and secure a WiFi network WE 6 Optimise and secure a WiFi network Objectives Construct a WiFi network Optimise and evaluate the performances of the WLAN Equipment Linksys E3000 router 4 PCs three Ethernet cables two USB WiFi dongles LAN speed test software an USB flash driver with MP3 and video files stored Experiment 1 Setup a WLAN Linksys E3000 is a high Performance Wireless N Router The Router lets you access the Internet via a wireless connection or through one of its four switched Gigabit Ethernet ports With the built in Storage Link you can easily add gigabytes of storage space onto your network using USB 2 0 hard drives or plug in a USB flash disk to access your portable data files T
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