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Polygon System Tutorial

1. vst Files A 8 The format of this component is lt Muscles gt lt NAME ORIGIN ORIGIN POSITION ORIGIN SEGMENT INSERTION INSERTION POSITION INSERTION SEGMENT WRAP OBJECTS MUSCLE MODEL MAX FORCE OPTIMAL LENGTH TENDON SLACK LENGTH PENNATION ANGLE MAX VELOCITY EMG CHANNEL gt lt Muscles gt For details on the Hill model see Zajak 1989 in Appendix B Bibliography For full details on the contents of the lt Muscles gt section of a vst file see the Polygon System Reference book Polygon System Tutorial Bibliography B This appendix lists additional publications that you can consult for more detailed information on some of the medical and technical concepts detailed in this Polygon System Tutorial Charlton I W and Johnson G R Application of spherical and cylindrical wrapping algorithms in a musculoskeletal model of the upper limb J Biomech 34 2001 pp 1209 1216 Delp S L and Loan P A graphics based software system to develop and analyze models of musculoskeletal structures Comput Biol Med 25 1 1995 pp 21 34 Kane T R and Levinson D A Dynamics Theory and Applications New York McGraw Hill 1985 Winter D A Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement New York John Wiley amp Sons 1930 Zajak F E Muscle and tendon properties models scaling and application to biomechanics and motor control CRC Crit Rev Biomed 17 1989
2. New Featuresin The New Features in Polygon 3 0 document Polygon 3 0 describes the new features and functionality introduced in this release of Polygon The New Features document is provided in Polygon report format To access the report from Polygon select File gt Open In the Open Report dialog box navigate to C Program Files Vicon Polygon PolygonReports New Features in Polygon 3 0 and click OK System Setup The System Setup document provides installation startup and initial configuration details to enable you to quickly get started using the system hardware and software Books Polygon System Tutorial Product books are installed in PDF format requires Adobe Acrobat version 5 0 or later To access them from the Windows Start menu point to Programs then Vicon then Documentation then Books then the type of book and select the desired book Preface Document Description The following types of books make up the Vicon product documentation set System Reference System Tutorial System Option Foundation Guide System Reference books describe the features and functionality of a component of Vicon MX and V series systems System Tutorial books provide step by step instructions on the intended way of using Vicon application software System Option books describe the general features and operation of a system option or plug in that can be used with the Vicon applicatio
3. The muscle will pass through the wrap objects in the order they appear in this list Therefore ensure that any wrap objects appear in the expected order New objects are added to the bottom of the list if no list item is selected when you add the object If a list item is selected the new wrap object is added to the list above the selected object Polygon System Tutorial 5 3 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements 8 Click Cancelorthe Close button at the top right of the dialog box to close it and undo any changes you have made during this tutorial lesson Alternatively to accept any changes made while editing a muscle click OK Editing a Wrap Object 5 4 In this lesson you ll learn how editing a muscle s wrap object affects the model visualization in the 3D Workspace view and the results plotted for different muscle properties in the Graph view You will edit the LeftPelvicBrim and RightPelvicBrim wrap objects in the Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box These are the wrap objects associated with the iliacus muscles which you edited in the previous lesson Editing a Muscle on page 5 1 This lesson assumes that the sample skeleton from that lesson is still displayed in the 3D Workspace view with the iliacus muscle visualized and that the muscle Length and Moment Arm variables are displayed in the Graph view To edit a wrap object 1 In the 3D Workspace view select the left iliacus muscle then right click and select S
4. change the data in your existing model you can save the changes to a new model file The format of this new model file depends on whether your changes were to revise generic functionality or to specify values for a particular individual e Vicon Skeleton Template vst file A vst file describes the generic relationships between segments and joints and the Vicon markers for a certain type of subject In the Musculoskeletal Modeling Module this template describes a skeleton and the muscles and ligaments attached to it The skeletal part of the model consists of a hierarchy of bones connected by joints The muscular part consists of a number of muscle descriptions including the bones to which they are attached any objects that interfere with their path a model for muscle force and muscle model parameters For example in the Musculoskeletal Modeling Module a vst file is typically used to represent a human being e Vicon Skeleton vsk file A vsk file describes the actual relationships between the segments joints and Vicon markers for a specific subject Polygon System Tutorial 7 1 Saving Musculoskeletal Models For example in the Musculoskeletal Modeling Module the vsk file contains a musculoskeletal model of an individual patient Important The names of markers joints and segments must exactly match in associated c3d mkr vst and vsk files Model templates vst files are used as the starting
5. pp 359 411 Polygon System Tutorial B 1 Bibliography B 2 Polygon System Tutorial Documentation Feedback C At Vicon Peak we are working to develop comprehensive and easy to use documentation to support your use of our products We welcome your comments or suggestions on how we can continue to improve our product documentation Please provide your documentation feedback using Vicon Online Support VOS at http support vicon com For details on VOS see the Polygon System Tutorial book Please include Documentation Feedback in the Summary line and provide the following details in the body of your message e Product details e Product name version number and build number e Document details e Document title and revision number or copyright date e Document type and content location Book Chapter title section title and page number Help Topic title and section title Release Document title and section title document e Problem description e Brief description of current content identifying your concerns e g specify any factual inaccuracies errors or omissions grammatical errors navigation or information location problems e Feedback details e Your suggestions for correcting or improving the documentation Polygon System Tutorial Gad Documentation Feedback C 2 Polygon System Tutorial Index Numerics 3D mesh 9 1 3D Workspace view 1 5 hide objects 3 5 open 1 5 redisplay
6. 2 golembones obj 3 2 8 2 9 1 Graph view 1 5 muscle variables 4 1 open 1 6 parametric traces 1 5 1 6 time dependent traces 1 5 1 6 H HASP dongle v hide objects in 3D Workspace 3 5 I identify wrap objects 3 4 3 9 1 1 7 3 9 1 A 1 Index 2 K Kinematic model scale 2 2 2 3 update 2 3 L length muscle variable 4 1 licensing dongle v load model template 2 2 lock view pane 1 9 M maximum force muscle variable 4 2 maximum moment muscle variable 4 3 mesh file 3 2 8 2 9 1 9 2 Polygon directory 3 2 8 2 9 2 specify appearance 3 2 subject model 9 1 mkr files vi 5 6 7 2 modify musculoskeletal model 5 1 moment arm muscle variables 4 2 move segment 9 3 segment in hierarchy 5 7 skeleton 9 2 view pane 1 8 Movie view 1 5 open 1 6 mpg files 1 5 Multimedia view 1 5 open 1 7 muscle diameter 3 6 muscle variables 4 1 length 4 1 maximum force 4 2 maximum moment 4 3 moment arm 4 2 Polygon System Tutorial Index velocity 4 2 view in graph 4 1 MuscleModel section A 6 muscles add 6 1 delete 6 5 edit 5 1 properties 3 3 visualize 3 2 Muscles component A 7 MuscleSet section A 1 A 6 MuscleModel A 6 Muscles A 7 WrapObject A 7 musculoskeletal model add elements 6 1 delete elements 6 1 6 4 display elements 9 1 models 3 2 modify 5 1 preferences 3 6 root segment 7 3 save 7 1 visualizing elements 3 1 wrap objects 3 4 3 5 musculoskeletal model templates 2 1 in vst file 7 2 l
7. Workspace view Polygon System Tutorial Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models To visualize the wrap objects for a selected muscle on a musculoskeletal model template in the 3D Workspace view e Inthe 3D Workspace view select the biceps muscles then right click and select Show Wrap Objects The wrap objects are now displayed as bright green cylinders on the skeleton in the 3D Workspace view Removing Objects from the 3D Workspace View You can permanently remove or temporarily hide from view the objects or display sets that you have visualized in the 3D Workspace view To remove objects from the 3D Workspace view 1 In the 3D Workspace view select the LeftHumeralHead wrap object 2 Right click and from the displayed shortcut menu point to Object and then click Remove The selected object is removed from the 3D Workspace view To remove data sets from the 3D Workspace view 1 In the 3D Workspace view select the Pelvis segment 2 Right click and from the displayed shortcut menu point to Display Set and then click Remove AII of the objects in the display set i e all of the bones are removed from the 3D Workspace view Important Any segments markers sticks muscles or wrap objects that you remove from the 3D Workspace view still exist in the Polygon report so you can visualize them again if required For details on doing this see the appropriate lesson in section Visualizing Musculoskeletal Model Elements
8. e 3D Workspace view for visualizing 3D data e Graph view for plotting time dependent one dimensional data as well as polar parametric traces in which one variable is plotted against another rather than against time e Movie view for visualizing data from movie video files including mpg and avi file formats e Multimedia view for displaying pictures Web pages htm files xml files Microsoft PowerPoint ppt presentations and Adobe Acrobat pdf documents e Text view for displaying Rich Text Format rtf text including hyperlinks to data in the current text view or in other view panes For further details on these view pane types see the Polygon System Reference book To open a 3D Workspace view 1 From the data bar folder view select a folder that contains 3D objects e g Force Plates Trajectories Display Sets Segments Wrap Objects or Muscles Polygon System Tutorial 1 5 Introduction 2 In the data object view double click the desired object or right click it and from the displayed shortcut menu select Show Objects To open a Graph view 1 Fromthe data bar folder view expand the folder for the relevant c3d file and then expand the desired subject folder or any folder beneath the subject folder For example in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report expand the Gait 9 c3d File 1 sample trial file and then the Roger subject folder 2 Expand any further folders and select the folder
9. operation of Polygon Important The procedures in this book assume that you are using the sample data supplied in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report To apply these steps to your own data you must have a Vicon data c3d file that contains modeled data created in Plug in Gait OLGA or BodyBuilder The names of markers and segments must exactly match in the c3d marker mkr Vicon Skeleton Template vst and Vicon Skeleton vsk files associated with this modeled data Structure vi This section describes how the information in this book is organized The first chapter provides an overview of this book Chapter 1 Introduction describes the design of the tutorial and explains how to work with Polygon report views and access the sample data in the supplied Polygon reports Each of the following chapters show you how to use the new features and functionality introduced in Polygon 3 0 Chapter 2 Using Musculoskeletal Model Templates shows you how to use musculoskeletal model templates to model and visualize a subject s bone segments and muscles in Polygon Chapter 3 Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models shows you how to display the 3D representation of a musculoskeletal model in the Polygon 3D Workspace view Polygon System Tutorial Preface Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Plotting Musculoskeletal Model Variables shows you how to visualize and plot musculoskeleta
10. point for visualizing and reporting on new trial subjects in Polygon Once loaded the model elements in the template map onto a subject ready to be modified for that subject The modeled segments muscle parameters and marker positions in the vst file are scaled to their averages over the trial This scaled information can be saved in the generic vst file or as a separate vsk file for a particular subject Saving Changes to the Current Model In this lesson you will learn how to save changes you have made to the musculoskeletal model for Roger that you made in earlier tutorial lessons To save changes to the current musculoskeletal model 1 Inthedata bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder and select the Roger subject folder 2 From the Polygon File menu select Save Subject Model Saving Changes to a New Model ql In this lesson you will learn how to save changes you have made to the musculoskeletal model for Roger that you made in earlier tutorial lessons as a new musculoskeletal model To save changes as a new musculoskeletal model 1 Inthe data bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder and select the Roger subject folder 2 Fromthe Polygon File menu click Save Subject Model As The Save Subject Model As dialog box is displayed 3 InSave in browse to the location in which you want to store your new musculoskeletal model Polygon System Tutorial Saving Musculoskelet
11. scratch or edit existing ones to create new models Before you start recall how the Skeleton folder contained a completely flat hierarchy before you loaded the vst file in Chapter 2 Using Musculoskeletal Model Templates This was because when a c3d file is loaded with a valid mkr file there is no information Polygon System Tutorial Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements about the hierarchy From this initial state you must create a kinematic model hierarchy including a root segment and then lower level parent and child segments To create a single root segment 1 Inthedata bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder and then the Roger subject folder and the Skeleton folder This folder should contain the hierarchy described in the Golem_MMM_COM vst sample vst file with the Pelvis as the root segment and the LeftFemur RightFemur and Thorax as children of this segment 2 Selectthe LeftFemur segment then right click and select Set As Root Segment Expand the skeleton hierarchy and notice how the previous root segment the Pelvis is now a child of the LeftFemur segment 3 Select the Pelvis segment then right click and select Set As Root Segment to return the model to its previous state Important Once a root segment has been set you cannot rearrange the model to have more than one segment at this level This is because it is not possible to save musculoskeletal models with more than one root
12. the COM of the whole body 1 In the 3D Workspace view select a segment then right click point to Display Set and click Show Center of Mass The COM object identifying the center of mass of the whole body is shown as a red and white diamond 2 Select the COM object then right click point to Plot Center of Mass and click Z The Z coordinate of the COM trajectory is shown in a Graph view Now that you can display the COM of single and multiple segments move on to Chapter 9 Interacting with Display Elements to learn how to interact with the 3D visual elements of the kinematic model Polygon System Tutorial 8 3 Displaying Center of Mass Elements 8 4 Polygon System Tutorial Interacting with Display 9 Elements In the tutorial lesson in Chapter 8 Displaying Center of Mass Elements you learned how to display the center of mass of single and multiple segments In the tutorial lessons in this chapter you will learn how to interact with the 3D mesh display to scale bone meshes to suit your visualization needs Displaying a realistic 3D skeleton as part of a musculoskeletal model is an important part of the modeling process Bone mesh scaling is controlled by the bounding boxes contained in a subject model vst or vsk files by fitting the mesh to fit exactly into the box Thus changing the size and position of these bounding boxes changes the way the mesh is visualized Displaying a model as a mesh or a group of b
13. wrap object to be created e Name New Muscle e Muscle Definition e Origin Segment 0 0 0 Thorax e Insertion Segment 0 0 0 Pelvis e Muscle properties e Muscle Model Zajak 1989 e Maximum Force N 100 e Optimal Fiber Length mm 100 e Maximum Velocity length sec 10 e Tendon Slack Length mm 50 e Pennation Angle degrees 5 e Muscle EMG leave these fields at their default values e Channel e Dynamic Range e Gradual Color e Thresholded Color Threshold e Muscle Wrapping leave these fields at their default values e List of wrap objects associated with this muscle e List of available wrap objects 6 2 Polygon System Tutorial Adding and Deleting Musculoskeletal Model Elements e Add Wrap Delete Wrap buttons Important Brief descriptions of these properties are provided in the dialog box For further guidance on the types of values to specify for the properties in this dialog box see the lesson for Editing a Wrap Object in Chapter 5 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements For full descriptions of these properties see the Polygon System Reference book 4 Click OK to create the muscle with the specified details Alternatively click Cancel at any time to stop creating this muscle Once you have created a new muscle it is displayed in the data bar folder view under the Muscles folder in the Muscle Set folder under the subject folder For details on how to visualize the new muscle in the 3D Wo
14. Figure 1 3 Select pane to close 2 Click anywhere inside the view that you wish to close The selected view is closed and any other views are automatically resized to fit in the view pane Alternatively click Cancel to keep all of the current view panes open Learning More about Polygon 3 0 Concepts The appendices in this book provide supplementary information that is not essential for using the tutorial but which explain some of the underlying concepts used in Polygon Gaining an understanding of these concepts can help you to make more effective use of the new features in Version 3 0 Read those reference sections when cross Polygon System Tutorial 1 9 Introduction referenced within a tutorial lesson or whenever it is appropriate to your needs For general information on working with the Musculoskeletal Modeling Module in Polygon 3 0 including information on the user interface also see the Polygon System Reference book For general information on the operation of Polygon see the Polygon User Manual 1 10 Polygon System Tutorial Using Musculoskeletal Model 2 Templates The lesson in this chapter shows you how to use musculoskeletal model templates which enable you to model and visualize bone segments and muscles for subjects in Polygon For routine clinical work the Musculoskeletal Modeling Module is supplied with a number of predefined model templates including a full body model Musculoskeletal mod
15. Forest Centennial West Way CA 92630 CO 80112 Oxford OX2 0JB USA USA UK Tel 1 949 472 9140 Tel 1 303 799 8686 Tel 44 0 1865 261800 Fax 1 949 472 9136 Fax 1 303 799 8690 Fax 44 0 1865 240527 Vicon Motion Systems is an OMG Plc company Email support viconpeak com Web http www viconpeak com Polygon System Tutorial Contents Preface Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 iio v Audience usino ae a v SEFUCEUFE ciar a donadas RAEAN A vi CONVENTIONS aiii als viii Related documentation 0 ix INTPOQUCUO Nori arena 1 1 Using the Polygon 3 0 Tutorial eee eeeee eee eeeees 1 1 Opening the New Features in Polygon 3 0 Report 1 2 Activating Polygon Links for Sample Data 1 2 Working with Polygon Reports eeeee eee eeeeeeeaee 1 3 Selecting Items from the Data Bar 1 3 Selecting COMMANAS ee eee eee eee ee teeta eee eeeeaeees 1 4 Navigating through Polygon reports 1 5 Opening a Polygon VieW L i 1 5 Moving a Polygon View Li 1 8 Locking a Polygon VieW Li 1 8 Closing a Polygon View i 1 9 Learning More about Polygon 3 0 Concepts 1 9 Using Musculoskeletal Model Templates scsscssesees 2 1 Loading Musculoskeletal Model Templates 2 2 Vi
16. More about Polygon 3 0 Concepts on page 1 9 to find out more about underlying concepts in Polygon Using the Polygon 3 0 Tutorial This book is provided in Adobe Acrobat PDF format so you can either navigate through it online or print it out and refer to it while working in Polygon The following chapters in this book show you how to use the new features and functionality introduced in Polygon 3 0 We recommend that you work through each of the tutorial sections in order as generally you will need the files created in one section to continue working in the next section You can follow this tutorial at your own pace You may choose to work through an entire chapter or just an individual lesson at one time You can come back at any time and pick up where you left off After completing this tutorial you will be familiar with using musculoskeletal model templates visualizing them in a 3D Workspace view visualizing the center of mass of the skeleton plotting muscle properties and adding and editing muscles and wrap objects to musculoskeletal model templates You will also learn how to save changes to templates and create subject specific versions of musculoskeletal models Polygon System Tutorial 1 1 Introduction Opening the New Features in Polygon 3 0 Report The New Features in Polygon 3 0 report describes the new features and functionality introduced in Version 3 0 of Polygon and provides a number of Polygon links to displ
17. POSITION is the joint s position in the local coordinate system specified as x y Z Where a Keyword can take multiple attribute value pairs the order in which you specify each pair is not significant Parameters Section A 4 The lt Parameters gt section of a vst file for a musculoskeletal model contains a list of the parameters that are used to describe the geometry of the kinematic model Polygon can automatically calculate the value in millimeters of each parameter for a subject when the model is loaded for details on setting this user preference see Chapter 2 Using Musculoskeletal Model Templates Polygon System Tutorial Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files The start and end section tags for this section are lt Parameters gt lt Parameters gt Within this section one or more individual lt Parameter gt definitions are included in the following format lt Parameter NAME VALUE gt For full details on the contents of the lt Parameters gt section of a vst file see the Polygon System Reference book Skeleton Section The lt skeleton gt section of a vst file for a musculoskeletal model contains information about which joints muscles will cross depending on the segments to which they are attached This skeletal hierarchy is vital to the modeling process The start and end section tags for this section are lt Skeleton NAME gt lt Skeleton gt Within this section one or more indi
18. VICONPEAK System Tutorial Revision 1 2 Vicon MX and V series Systems Polygon 3 1 Visualization and reporting tool 2004 2005 Vicon Motion Systems Limited All rights reserved For use with Polygon 3 1 in Vicon MX and V series systems Vicon Motion Systems Limited reserves the right to make changes to information in this document without notice Companies names and data used in examples are fictitious unless otherwise noted No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical by photocopying or recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Vicon Motion Systems Limited Information furnished by Vicon Motion Systems Limited is believed to be accurate and reliable however no responsibility is assumed by Vicon Motion Systems Limited for its use nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent rights of Vicon Motion Systems Limited Vicon and BodyBuilder are registered trademarks of OMG Plc Plug in Gait Polygon RealTime Engine Vicon iQ Vicon MX and Workstation are trademarks of OMG Plc Other product and company names herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners California Colorado UK 9 Spectrum Pointe 7388 S Revere Parkway Suite 901 14 Minns Business Park Lake
19. Workstation or Vicon iQ and any modeling and visualization applications Plug In Gait OLGA or BodyBuilder has already been set up and calibrated Polygon software is licensed using a HASP dongle The licensing drivers must have been installed on the host PC and the dongle must be plugged into an appropriate port parallel or USB on the PC while you are running the application software For full details on preparing your Vicon MX and V series systems system for use see the Vicon MX System Setup document For setup details for Vicon V series systems see Preparation in The Vicon Manual Audience This book is intended for those who want to learn how to use Vicon Polygon to visualize simulate model analyze and report on bone segments and muscles for clinical processing applications Polygon is typically used in the following environments e Clinical labs to more fully evaluate and better describe a patient s situation e Research labs to gain better understanding of a specific motion Polygon System Tutorial v Preface e Biomechanics Sports Science and Ergonomics to study general human movements This book assumes that you are familiar with Microsoft Windows operating systems It also assumes that you are relatively familiar with Polygon as a clinical reporting package and with typical gait analysis and clinical processing workflows If you are not please see the Polygon User Manual for details on the general
20. al Models 4 In File name type in the name for the new model In Save as type select the file format in which you want to save your new model e Vicon Skeleton Template vst Save the model as a generic Vicon Skeleton Template file This is the default e Vicon Skeleton vsk Save the model as a Vicon Skeleton file for the specific subject The vst and vsk file formats are explained in greater detail in Appendix A Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files 6 Click Save Important It is not possible to save musculoskeletal models with more than one root segment in the Skeleton folder If there are more than one a single root segment must be selected as explained in Chapter 5 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements Now that you can save musculoskeletal models as either generic template or subject specific files move on to Chapter 8 Displaying Center of Mass Elements to learn how to use the Center of Mass modeling capabilities of the Musculoskeletal Modeling Module Polygon System Tutorial 7 3 Saving Musculoskeletal Models 7 4 Polygon System Tutorial Displaying Center of Mass 8 Elements In the tutorial lessons in Chapter 7 Saving Musculoskeletal Models you learned how to save musculoskeletal models as generic templates and as subject specific files In the tutorial lessons in this chapter you will learn how to display the center of mass COM and plot the coordinates of its trajectory for indi
21. and segments is displayed b In the Segments tab click Mesh and then from the drop down list select golembones obj and then click OK The segments in the 3D Workspace view now have the appearance of a human skeleton Important If the drop down list in the Segments tab is empty ensure that the path for the Polygon Mesh Directory is set to C Program Files Vicon Meshes in the System tab of the Preferences dialog box If you are using a different model than that supplied in the tutorial select the obj file appropriate for that model For example for a Plug in Gait model select PlugInGaitBones obj 4 In the 3D Workspace view select the Pelvis segment then right click point to Object and click Show Center of Mass The Pelvis COM object identifying the center of mass of the Pelvis is shown as a red and white diamond 5 Select the Pelvis COM object then right click point to Plot Center of Mass and click All The X Y and Z coordinates of the Pelvis COM trajectory are shown in a Graph view Displaying the COM of the Whole Body 8 2 In this lesson you will learn how to display the COM of combinations of bone segments and for the whole body of the subject Roger This lesson assumes that the skeleton displayed in the previous tutorial lesson Displaying the COM of an Individual Segment on page 8 1 is still open in the 3D Workspace view Polygon System Tutorial Displaying Center of Mass Elements To display
22. ay report data used in the lessons in this Tutorial To open the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report 1 Start Polygon 3 x in either of the following ways e On your desktop double click the Polygon icon if you have one e From the Windows Start menu point to Programs then Vicon then Polygon and select Polygon Authoring Tool v3 0 2 From the Polygon File menu click Open The Open Report dialog box is displayed 3 Navigate to the location of the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report by default c Program Files vicon Polygon PolygonReports New Features in Polygon 3 0 4 Click OK The New Features report is displayed in a Polygon Text view and the Gait 9 c3d File 1 and Gait 14 c3d File 2 sample trial files are loaded into the data bar Important If you have previously opened an Eclipse database in Polygon or other Vicon application software the Eclipse data directory browser also is displayed To close this browser click the Close button KI in the upper right hand corner of the browser click the Toggle Eclipse Data Management Window button le on the Polygon toolbar or press F2 Activating Polygon Links for Sample Data ez Polygon 3 0 comes with sample data for you to view and change as you work through the lessons in this tutorial Because this Tutorial book is in PDF format you cannot automatically activate the Polygon links from within the lessons Polygon links are indicated in thi
23. containing the item to be plotted For example in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report expand Muscle Set and select Muscles 3 From the data object view right click the desired item For example in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report right click the LeftBiceps RightBiceps row 4 From the displayed shortcut menu select the property to be plotted in a Graph view You may need to point to a sub menu to view further items for example for a muscle you point to the desired joint that this muscle crosses and then select a variable range preference For example in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report point to Moment Arm then ElbowAngles and then select either All or Flex Ext A Graph view with the specified properties is displayed 5 If desired plot a polar trace of one variable against another rather than against time a Select the first trace then hold the CTRL key and select the second trace not necessarily from the same graph and right click b From the displayed shortcut menu select Phase Plot The phase plot is displayed in a new Graph view with symbols representing the events of the relevant contexts To open a Movie view 1 From the data bar folder view expand the folder for the relevant c3d file and then expand the desired subject folder For example 1 6 Polygon System Tutorial Introduction in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report expand the Gait 9 c3d File 1 sample trial file 2 C
24. cus muscles Polygon link in the 3D Workspace view The iliacus muscles are visualized as blue shapes on the skeleton in the 3D Workspace view and graphs plotting the length force and moment arm of the lateral part are displayed in the Graph view 2 In the 3D Workspace view select the right iliacus muscle then right click and select Edit Muscle The Add Edit Muscle dialog box for this muscle is displayed Polygon System Tutorial 5 1 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements 5 2 3 Important In the Muscle Definition configuration area preview the effects of changing the muscle morphology In the Origin field change the coordinates of the default vector 0 071 0 7 0 596 for example change the second coordinate to 0 4 and click Preview The curves in the length and force Graph Views change and the muscle moves position in the 3D Workspace view The coordinates for muscle attachments are normalized to segment length and this is what makes the model description a template each muscle attachment is automatically anthropometrically scaled when it is applied to a specific subject For example a muscle with its origin positioned half way along a segment in the Z direction will have its origin set to 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 In the Insertion field change the coordinates of the default vector 0 0 04 0 85 for example change the third coordinate to 0 75 and click Preview The curves in the moment arm and the len
25. dependent 1 5 1 6 U unlock view pane 1 9 update Kinematic model 2 3 user preferences 2 2 Index 4 vV variable range preferences 4 3 velocity muscle variable 4 2 Vicon Skeleton Template See vst files Vicon Skeleton See vsk files view pane 3D Workspace view 1 5 close 1 9 Graph view 1 5 1 6 lock 1 9 move 1 8 Movie view 1 5 1 6 Multimedia view 1 5 1 7 open 1 5 Text view 1 5 1 7 unlock 1 9 visualize model elements muscles 3 2 visualizing model elements 3 1 subject display set 3 1 wrap objects 3 4 3 5 VOS documentation feedback C 1 V series systems x vsk files vi 2 1 7 2 bounding box 9 1 save 7 1 7 3 Golem_MMM_COM vst sample file 2 1 A 2 vst files vi 2 1 2 3 7 2 A 1 A 2 save 7 1 bounding box 9 1 file format A 2 file structure A 2 MuscleSet section A 1 A 6 open 2 2 Parameters section A 1 A 4 Polygon System Tutorial Index save 7 3 Skeleton section A 1 A 5 W wrap object edit 5 4 wrap objects 3 4 3 5 add 6 3 delete 6 5 identify 3 4 show constraints 3 6 WrapObject component A 7 X xml files A 2 XML header A 3 Polygon System Tutorial Index 5 Index Index 6 Polygon System Tutorial
26. e book Now that you can visualize and plot musculoskeletal elements move on to Chapter 5 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements to learn how to interactively modify these muscle variables and view the results in real time Polygon System Tutorial 4 3 Plotting Musculoskeletal Model Variables 4 4 Polygon System Tutorial Modifying Musculoskeletal 5 Model Elements In the tutorial lesson in Chapter 4 Plotting Musculoskeletal Model Variables you learned how to graph muscle variables In the tutorial lessons in this chapter you will use the sample skeleton supplied with Polygon 3 x and modify a muscle and its wrap objects You modify these in either an Add Edit Muscle or Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box These dialog boxes are non modal which means that you can still interact with Polygon while the dialog box is open You check the effect of any changes by using the Preview button in the dialog box You can then decide whether to apply the changes to your model by clicking the OK button or to undo them by clicking the Cancel button You also will learn how to edit the model skeleton hierarchy Editing a Muscle In this lesson you will learn how to edit a muscle in the Add Edit Muscle dialog box You will see how editing the muscle geometry affects the model visualization in the 3D Workspace view and the results plotted for different muscle variables in the Graph view To edit a muscle 1 Open the 5 1 skeleton with ilia
27. els enable you to easily analyze and research muscle properties Vicon Skeleton Template vst files for musculoskeletal models describe the generic hierarchy and geometry of a skeleton together with normalized attachment data for muscles ligaments and wrap objects and models for muscle and ligament force Once loaded in Polygon these templates can be mapped onto a subject automatically You can then modify the template model to create subject specific models called Vicon Skeleton vsk files These vsk files provide an accurate description of the relationship between markers segments joints and muscles for a particular subject The vst file is an eXtensible Markup Language xm file which can be viewed in most Web browsers or standard text editors The sample vst file 2 1 Golem_MMM_COM vst supplied with the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report contains a simple full body model For a detailed description of the format and content of vst files see Appendix A Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files Important Only one musculoskeletal model file can be loaded for a subject in Polygon at one time If you try to load another model file when one is already loaded you will be prompted to confirm if you want to replace the current file Polygon System Tutorial 2 1 Using Musculoskeletal Model Templates Loading Musculoskeletal Model Templates 2 2 To work with a musculoskeletal model template you must load a vst f
28. ep 4 above to see how this affects the box display of the kinematic model 7 Once you are happy with the way your model is visualized as either a mesh or a group of boxes save these changes to the model as a vst or vsk file see Chapter 7 Saving Musculoskeletal Models This completes the Polygon 3 0 tutorial You have learned the essential concepts underlying the new Musculoskeletal Modeling Module and practiced performing the basic procedures you will use in this new module For more information on the new features and functionality in Polygon 3 0 see the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report and the Polygon System Reference book Polygon System Tutorial 9 3 Interacting with Display Elements 9 4 Polygon System Tutorial Vicon Skeleton Template vst A Files The Vicon Skeleton Template vst file is used by Vicon software to describe relationships between Vicon markers and a subject s segments and joints The format of this file enables you to describe any sort of kinematic model from a single rigid object to a complex advanced model of a human being A vst file for a basic kinematic model of a human being describes the generic hierarchy and geometry of a human skeleton The vst file for a musculoskeletal model can be extended to include normalized attachment data for muscles ligaments and wrap objects as well as models for muscle and ligament force A vst file for a musculoskeletal model consists of the following t
29. et and select Muscles In the data object view right click the LeftBiceps RightBiceps row 4 From the displayed shortcut menu point to one of the following muscle variables and then select the desired setting to display in a Graph view e Length A plot of the total length of the muscle including tendon normalized to gait cycle e Absolute the length in meters e Percent Anatomical the length as a percentage of the muscle length in the anatomical or rest position Polygon System Tutorial 4 1 Plotting Musculoskeletal Model Variables 4 2 e Percent Optimal the length of the muscle as a percentage of its optimal fiber length This is affected by the muscle morphology and the wrap objects around which the muscle passes Velocity A plot of the maximum muscle velocity normalized to gait cycle e Absolute the muscle velocity in meters per second e Percent Maximum the muscle velocity as a percentage of the maximum shortening velocity Maximum Force A plot of the maximum force the muscle can produce based on its length and velocity normalized to gait cycle e Absolute the muscle force in Newtons e Percent Optimal the muscle force as a percentage of force at the optimal fiber length This force is based on the muscle s length velocity and Hill model parameters as described in Zajak 1989 For details see Appendix B Bibliography This is calculated using one of the muscle models associated
30. ferences dialog box is displayed Polygon System Tutorial Using Musculoskeletal Model Templates 2 In the System tab select or clear the following parameter in the Options configuration area e Automatically Scale Imported Kinematic Models Whether to scale the kinematic model template to match the subject measurements or leave the model unscaled with the exact dimensions specified in the template file e Select this option to automatically scale the model whenever a template file is loaded This is the default e Clear this option to display a confirmation message enabling you to specify the scaling behavior each time a model is loaded e Automatically Update Kinematic Models with Files Whether when importing a c3d file to update the vst file associated with a subject and replace an existing kinematic model and muscle set or leave your existing kinematic or Musculoskeletal model data in place e Select this option to remove all of the data from the existing model and replace it with the data in the new model template It is the model data that is replaced the name of the subject folder listed in the folder view in the data bar does not change This is the default e Clear this option to display a confirmation message enabling you to specify the update behavior each time a file is loaded 3 Click OK to confirm the settings and close the dialog box Now that you have loaded a model template file move onto Chapte
31. g parameter e Show Constraints with Wrap Objects If selected constraints are displayed with wrap objects in the 3D Workspace view In the Sizes in millimeters configuration area specify the size for the following option e Muscle Diameter The size for muscles displayed in the 3D Workspace view Polygon System Tutorial Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models Now that you can visualize musculoskeletal elements in the 3D Workspace view move onto Chapter 4 Plotting Musculoskeletal Model Variables to learn how to plot some of the properties associated with muscles Polygon System Tutorial 3 7 Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models 3 8 Polygon System Tutorial Plotting Musculoskeletal Model 4 Variables In the tutorial lesson in Chapter 3 Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models you learned how to visualize musculoskeletal elements muscles and wrap objects in the 3D Workspace view In the tutorial lesson in this chapter you will learn how to graph muscle variables to perform more detailed analysis and research For full details on graph variables and the Graph view see the Polygon System Reference book Viewing Muscle Variables in a Graph In this lesson you will look at how to graph variables for the biceps muscle in the supplied sample skeleton To view muscle variables in a graph 1 Inthe data bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder and select the Roger subject folder Expand Muscle S
32. gth Graph Views change considerably and the muscle moves position in the 3D Workspace view In the Muscle Properties configuration area view the effects on the muscle force when you change the different properties and click Preview Particularly notice that if you increase the Optimal Fiber Length mm or Tendon Slack Length mm too much the plot disappears completely from the Force graph in the Graph view This is because the muscle is becoming completely slack In the Muscle EMG configuration area experiment with the visualization feature for trials containing muscle EMG electromyography data From the Channel drop down list select one of the analog data channels in the trial for example LA The controls for setting the EMG color scheme are enabled Click Preview Then on the time bar at the bottom of the Polygon window click the Play button L gt Notice that the iliacus turns red when the voltage on the selected EMG channel increases On the time bar click the Stop button In the Dynamic Range fields change the range or unit of measure from the default 0 to 100 Percent for example to Polygon System Tutorial Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements 75 to 100 Percent and click Preview This changes the range of the EMG signal over which the color scheme will work Then on the time bar at the bottom of the Polygon window click the Play button L gt Notice that the iliacus turns red for a much shorte
33. h gt lt Point FORCE LENGTH gt lt PassiveForceLength gt Polygon System Tutorial Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files lt PassiveForceVelocity gt lt Point FORCE VELOCITY gt lt PassiveForceVelocity gt lt TendonForceLength gt lt Point FORCE LENGTH gt lt TendonForceLength gt lt MuscleModel gt For details on the Hill model see Zajak 1989 in Appendix B Bibliography For full details on the contents of the lt MuscleModel gt section of a vst file see the Polygon System Reference book WrapObject Muscles The lt wrapobject gt component of the lt Muscleset gt section defines a collection of different types of muscle wrapping objects The format of this component is lt WrapObjects gt lt WrapObject_ Type NAME POSITION SEGMENT CONSTRAINT DIRECTION RADIUS AXIS1 AXIS2 AXIS3 gt lt ActiveRange DATA COMPONENT RANGE gt lt WrapObjects gt For full details on the contents of the lt wrapobject gt section of a vst file see the Polygon System Reference book The lt Muscles gt component of the lt Muscleset gt section defines all of the muscles to be modeled Muscles are defined in the template file in terms of their morphology origin insertion and wrapping objects and their physiological properties muscle model parameters that govern the behavior of the Hill model Polygon System Tutorial A 7 Vicon Skeleton Template
34. hange the different properties and click Preview e Inthe Type field notice that the default shape is Cylinder which has a Major Axis of 0 10 0 48 0 63 a Length of 0 8 and a Radius of 0 05 From the drop down list select each of the other available types Point Sphere and Ellipsoid in turn and notice the different properties that you can specify for these wrap object types 5 In the Object Activation configuration area click Add to open the Edit Active Range in Degrees dialog box in which you can create a new range over which the wrap object will be active a In the Select Data drop down list select the RHipAngles kinematic variable b In the Component drop down list select the first variable range component X and then leave 0 in the From field and enter 40 in the To field c Click OK The dialog box closes and the entry RHipAngles X 0 0 deg to 40 0 deg is displayed in the Object Activation configuration area in the Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box d Nowin the time bar in the 3D Workspace scrub up and down the time line and notice how the RightPelvicBrim wrap object disappears when the hip angle drops below 0 degrees and the muscle path changes Also notice how this affects the muscle length curve in the Graph view Polygon System Tutorial 5 5 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements To view an example of such a range in the supplied sample data open the 5 2 skeleton with muscles wrap objects and t
35. he hip flexion angles Polygon link In the Object Activation configuration area in the Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box select the RHipAngles X 0 0 deg to 40 0 deg active range and click Edit to display the Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box in which you can edit the active range Click Cancel to close this dialog box In the Object Activation configuration area select the RHipAngles X 0 0 deg to 40 0 deg entry and click Delete to delete the active range and return the wrap object back to its previous state In the Object Constraint configuration area view the effect on where the muscle passes the wrap object when you change this property and click Preview e Inthe Constraint Point fields change the default point in the attached segment coordinate system normalized to segment length that is on the side of the wrap object which you wish muscles to pass For example set the constraint to 1 1 O to make the muscles wrap around this object in the negative X direction Click Cancel or the Close button at the top right of the dialog box to close it and undo any changes you have made during this tutorial lesson Alternatively to accept any changes made while editing a muscle click OK Editing the Model Skeleton Hierarchy 5 6 In this lesson you ll learn how to change the hierarchy of the skeleton in the folder view of the data bar Once you have completed this lesson you should be able to create a new skeleton hierarchy from
36. he data object view right click the LeftBiceps RightBiceps row The muscle variables for both contexts are displayed Click the Left column header to hide the right context then select the left LeftBiceps context For full details on the contents and operation of the data bar see the Polygon System Reference book Selecting Commands Shortcut menus provide a list of commands that you can perform on a selected item in a Polygon report Shortcut menus are available for folders or data objects in the data bar view panes and selected elements of a musculoskeletal model in the 3D Workspace To select a command from a shortcut menu e Right click on the desired item and on the displayed shortcut menu click the desired command If the menu option has a right arrow gt hover the mouse pointer over it to display its sub options and then click on the desired sub option 1 4 Polygon System Tutorial Introduction Navigating through Polygon reports Opening You can navigate through currently or previously open view panes in a Polygon report to restore a previous view pane layout To navigate Polygon reports e Click the desired navigation button from the main toolbar at the top of the Polygon screen e Go back revert to the state of the report before the last hyperlink was clicked gt Go forward after a go back operation a Polygon View You can open the following types of view in the Polygon view pane area
37. how Wrap Objects Then select the right iliacus muscle then right click and select Show Wrap Objects The LeftPelvicBrim and RightPelvicBrim wrap objects are now displayed as bright green cylinders at the muscle origin and insertion points on the skeleton in the 3D Workspace view 2 Inthe 3D Workspace view select RightPelvicBrim wrap object then right click and select Edit Wrap Object The Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box is displayed 3 In the Object Attachment configuration area preview the effects of changing the wrap object s attachment to the muscle e Inthe Origin field change the default coordinates from 0 2 0 45 0 2 for example change the first coordinate to 0 5 and click Preview Notice how the muscle path angles further forward in the 3D Workspace view and how the plots for Polygon System Tutorial Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements Length and Moment Arm muscle variables change in the Graph view e From the Segment drop down list select a different segment and click Preview Notice that the wrap object s origin point is now attached to this segment Important As for muscle attachments the coordinates for wrap object attachments are normalized to segment length For example a wrap object attached half way along a segment in the Z direction will have its Origin set to 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 Inthe Object Properties configuration area view the effects on the type and size of the wrap object when you c
38. hree main sections e Parameters Contains the parameters used to describe the model e Skeleton Describes the skeletal hierarchy and geometry e MuscleSet Describes the geometry and properties of the muscles These three main sections must be present in every vst file for a musculoskeletal model but the content of each section can vary according to specific requirements of the model you are creating The vst files for use with other Vicon application software may contain different sections For details see the documentation for that Vicon software This tutorial section describes the format and structure of the vst file and outlines the contents of the required sections For full details on the contents of each section of a vst file see the Polygon System Reference book Polygon System Tutorial A 1 Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files VST File Format Vicon Skeleton Template vst files are written in eXtensible Markup Language xm file format These xml files are used to store structured information and to enclose or encapsulate information so that it can be passed between different computing systems As in any xml file vst file sections are delimited with start and end section tags and subsections are nested beneath main sections to reflect their hierarchical relationship Important The vst file can be viewed in most Web browsers or standard text editors like any other xm file You may find it helpful
39. ial For full details on the operation of Polygon see the Polygon User Manual Selecting Items from the Data Bar The lessons in this tutorial assume that you are familiar with the basic operation of Polygon including loading trial files and selecting items to work with The data bar on the left side of the Polygon window enables you to select the required data objects to manipulate or visualize in Polygon The section at the top of the data bar is the folder view It provides a hierarchical tree view of the data files that have been imported into Polygon System Tutorial 1 3 Introduction Polygon The section of the bottom of the data bar is the data object view It provides a list of the data objects related to the item currently selected in the folder view To select items from the data bar 1 From the data bar folder view click on the desired folder For folders that contain sub folders click the plus sign to expand the folder or the minus sign to contract the folder For example expand the folder for a c3d file then the folder for the desired trial subject then the Muscle Set folder and select Muscles 2 From the data object view click the desired object to select all contexts for the object If required you can select a single context click the column header of the desired context to toggle the display of the other contexts off For example with the Muscles folder selected in the folder view in t
40. igure 1 1 Select pane to move 2 Click anywhere in the view to be moved A second Moving Pane prompt is displayed as shown in Figure 1 2 Moving Pane Please clickthe target En position Figure 1 2 Select destination 3 Click in the location you want the view to be displayed Locking a Polygon View You can lock a Graph Movie or 3D Workspace view pane so that no more data or information can be added to that particular view Any subsequent information added from the data bar is displayed in a new view of the same type This enables you to have several views of the same type open simultaneously For example you can have three 3D Workspace view panes displaying orthogonal views of the same skeleton by displaying 1 8 Polygon System Tutorial Introduction the same skeleton and locking the view pane three times Similarly you also can create a thumbnail like layout of detailed graph views To lock or unlock a Graph Movie or Workspace view e Right click in the desired view and in the displayed shortcut menu click Lock View A checkmark appears next to the menu option when it is selected Closing a Polygon View You can close a specific Polygon view pane when you no longer need it To close a view 1 Inthe Polygon tool bar click the Remove pane button E The Deleting Pane prompt is displayed as shown in Figure 1 3 Deleting Pane a Please clickthe pane you w wantto delete Cancel
41. ile into Polygon In this lesson you will load the sample vst file supplied with Polygon 3 0 and familiarize yourself with its display in the user interface To load the sample musculoskeletal model template in Poly gon 1 7 Open the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report in Polygon by default under c Program Files vicon Polygon PolygonReports New Features in Polygon 3 0 In the data bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder and select the Roger subject folder From the File menu select Load Subject Model In the Open dialog box browse to the folder containing the Golem_MMM_COM vst sample file by default C Program Files Vicon Polygon PolygonReports New Features in Polygon 3 0 select the file and click Open In the displayed Replace Skeleton confirmation message click Yes to have the data removed from any existing model and replaced with the data in the new model template If the Scale Kinematic Model confirmation message is displayed click Yes to load the musculoskeletal model template and have it scaled to match the subject measurements Expand the Roger subject folder to view the template elements In order to avoid having confirm these choices each time you load a musculoskeletal model template you can set user preferences to automatically manage this system behavior To specify user preferences for loading musculoskeletal models 1 From the File menu select Preferences The Pre
42. ition list or emphasis for important introductory words in a paragraph This type Text displayed by the system or extracts of program code This type Path names file names and extensions Commands or text you are to enter in files or dialog boxes This type Cross reference to related information in another section or document This type A URL for a site on the World Wide Web Important A note giving information that emphasizes or supplements important points in the text or information that may apply only in special cases Caution A caution alerting you to actions that could result in the loss of data Warning A warning advising you of actions that could result in physical harm to yourself or damage to the hardware viii Polygon System Tutorial Preface Related documentation This Polygon System Tutorial book is designed to be used in conjunction with the additional documentation providing information related to this release of Polygon shown in the following table Document Release Documents Description Release Documents provide details on the current software release including system requirements new features and enhancements issues addressed and known problems as well as product feature and functionality changes from previous releases To access them from the Windows Start menu point to Programs then Vicon then Documentation then Release Documents and select the desired release document
43. izing Musculoskeletal Models 3 Inthe 3D Workspace view select any of the segments then right click point to Display Set and then click Appearance Settings The Display Set dialog box in which you can specify the appearance of sticks and segments is displayed 4 In the Segments tab click Mesh and then from the drop down list select golembones obj and then click OK The segments in the 3D Workspace view now have the appearance of a human skeleton Important If the drop down list in the Segments tab is empty ensure that the path for the Polygon Mesh Directory is set to C Program Files Vicon Meshes in the System tab of the Preferences dialog box If you are using a different model than that supplied in the tutorial select the obj file appropriate for that model For example for a Plug in Gait model select PlugInGaitBones obj Visualizing Muscles and Viewing Their Properties 3 2 In this lesson you will learn how to visualize specific muscles on the sample musculoskeletal model that you displayed in the 3D Workspace view in the previous lesson Visualizing Musculoskeletal Model Elements on page 3 1 You also will learn how to view muscle properties To visualize muscles in a musculoskeletal model template in the 3D Workspace view 1 Ensure that the musculoskeletal model from the previous lesson is still displayed 2 Expand Muscle Set and select Muscles In the data object view display the biceps musc
44. l elements in graph form Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements shows you how to modify existing muscles and wrap objects in a musculoskeletal model Adding and Deleting Musculoskeletal Model Elements shows you how to add new muscles and wrap objects to or delete existing ones from a musculoskeletal model Saving Musculoskeletal Models shows you how to save musculoskeletal models as templates and as subject specific files Displaying Center of Mass Elements shows you how to display the center of mass of single and multiple segments Interacting with Display Elements describes how to change the way your model is visualized Each of the appendices provide additional information that can help you make the most of using Polygon Appendix A Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files describes the format structure and syntax of the Vicon Skeleton Template vst file used to create musculoskeletal models Appendix B Bibliography provides a list of additional publications that you can consult for more information on some of the medical and technical concepts used in Polygon Appendix C Documentation Feedback describes how to supply Polygon System Tutorial feedback on the Vicon documentation vii Preface Conventions This table illustrates the typographical conventions used in this book Item Description This type Menus commands buttons and options displayed in the GUI Terms in a defin
45. les in either of the following ways e Double click the LeftBiceps RightBiceps row e Right click the LeftBiceps RightBiceps row and from the displayed shortcut menu select Show Objects Polygon System Tutorial Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models The biceps muscles are now displayed as blue shapes on the skeleton in the 3D Workspace view The muscles extend from the shoulders to the humerii To view muscle properties 1 In the 3D Workspace view select the muscle then right click point to Object and select Information 2 In the displayed muscle properties pop up view the muscle properties e Muscle e Data Origin e Subject Name e Origin e Insertion e Wrap Objects e Max Force e Optimal Length e Tendon Slack Length e Pennation Angle e Max Velocity e EMG Channel These muscle properties are described in detail in the Polygon System Reference book 3 Click anywhere in the 3D Workspace view to close the properties pop up Visualizing Wrap Objects and Constraints As you can see from the muscles visualized in the previous lesson the path of each biceps muscle from origin to insertion does not follow a straight line This is because the muscles have wrap objects associated with them Wrap objects have a constraint point that controls which side of the object a muscle will pass Polygon System Tutorial 3 3 Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models 3 4 The following lessons assume that the tutorial sa
46. lick Movies From the data object view double click the desired movie file For example in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report select Gait9 mpg To open a Multimedia view 1 From the data bar folder view click Multimedia Files 2 Fromthe data object view double click the desired file or URL For example in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report double click Golem_MMM_COM vst to view the xml code for the sample vst file To open a Text view 1 From the data bar folder view click Text Files 2 From the data object view double click the desired rtf file For example in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report double click PolygonLinks rtf to view a list of the Polygon links used in this Polygon 3 0 tutorial To open a second read only Text view 1 From the data bar folder view click Text Files 2 From the data object view right click the desired rtffile and from the displayed shortcut menu select Insert Read Only For example in the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report select NewFeaturesinPolygon3 rtf Polygon System Tutorial 1 7 Introduction Moving a Polygon View You can move the position of a specific view within the view pane layout To move a view 1 Inthe Polygon tool bar click the Move pane button or from the Panes menu click Move The Moving Pane prompt is displayed as shown in Figure 1 1 Moving Pane lx Please click the pane you E wantto move F
47. mple musculoskeletal model is displayed in the 3D Workspace view with the selected muscles visualized as shown in the previous lesson Visualizing Muscles and Viewing Their Properties on page 3 2 To identify the wrap objects a muscle uses 1 In the 3D Workspace view select the muscle then right click point to Object and select Information In the displayed muscle properties pop up view the entries under Wrap Objects For a full list of the contents of the muscle properties pop up see the previous tutorial lesson Visualizing Muscles and Viewing Their Properties on page 3 2 Click anywhere in the 3D Workspace view to close the properties pop up You can visualize wrap objects for a selected muscle from either the data bar or the 3D Workspace view To visualize the wrap objects for a selected muscle from the data bar 1 In the data bar folder view expand the Gait 9 c3d File 1 trial folder and select the Roger subject folder 2 Expand Muscle Set and select Wrap Objects The list of wrap objects is displayed in the data object view at the bottom of the data bar 3 In the data object view display the humeral head wrap objects in either of the following ways e Double click the LeftHumeralHead RightHumeralHead row e Right click the LeftHumeralHead RightHumeralHead row and from the displayed shortcut menu select Show Objects The wrap objects are now displayed as bright green cylinders on the skeleton in the 3D
48. n software Foundation Guide books such as The Vicon Manual describe the general features and operation of the hardware and application software in Vicon V series systems V460 V6 V612 V624 and V8i The Polygon User Manual provides basic information on the features and operation of Polygon It does not cover the new features introduced in Polygon 3 x The BodyBuilder for Biomechanics book describes the features and operation of the BodyBuilder software application for investigating human movement Those books may be supplemented by the System Reference System Tutorial and System Option books which describe more recent features and functionality Vicon Online Support VOS VOS at http support vicon com is a Web accessible knowledge base that enables customers to view previously answered product queries submit new questions and download updates to Vicon software and documentation Polygon System Tutorial Introduction 1 This chapter provides the information you need to familiarize yourself with the design of this tutorial so that you can quickly start using the new features and functionality introduced in Polygon Version 3 0 First read section Using the Polygon 3 0 Tutorial to learn how to move through the tutorial Then look at section Working with Polygon Reports on page 1 3 to learn how to view sample data in Polygon while working through the tutorial lessons Finally see section Learning
49. oad 2 2 N navigate Polygon reports 1 5 0 open vst file 2 2 3D Workspace view 1 5 Graph view 1 6 Movie view 1 6 Multimedia view 1 7 Polygon report 1 3 Text view 1 7 Polygon System Tutorial view pane 1 5 P Parameters section A 1 A 4 parametric traces 1 5 1 6 pdf files 1 5 plot COM 8 2 8 3 PlugInGaitBones obj 3 2 8 2 9 2 polar traces 1 5 1 6 Polygon links 1 2 2 1 Golem _MMM_COM vst 2 1 5 1 skeleton with iliacus muscles 5 1 5 2 skeleton with muscles wrap objects and the hip flexion angles 5 6 A 1 Golem_MMM_COM vst A 2 activate 1 3 Polygon reports links 1 2 navigate 1 5 open 1 3 work with 1 3 ppt files 1 5 preferences 2 2 3 6 R read only Text view 1 7 redisplay objects in 3D Workspace 3 5 remove from 3D Workspace data sets 3 5 objects 3 5 replace skeleton 2 2 2 3 root segment 5 7 7 3 S sample data 1 2 2 1 5 1 5 6 A 2 save vsk file 7 1 7 3 vst file 7 1 7 3 Index 3 Index musculoskeletal model 7 1 scale segment 9 3 skeleton 9 2 scale Kinematic model 2 2 2 3 segment create root 5 7 display COM 8 1 move 9 3 move in hierarchy 5 7 scale 9 3 select commands 1 4 data items 1 4 shortcut menus 1 4 show constraints 3 6 skeleton edit hierarchy 5 6 move 9 2 scale 9 2 Skeleton section A 1 A 5 subject display set 3 1 system setup v T templates musculoskeletal model 2 1 Text view 1 5 open 1 7 read only 1 7 traces parametric 1 5 1 6 polar 1 5 1 6 time
50. objects 3 5 remove data sets 3 5 remove objects 3 5 visualizing model 3 1 A activate Polygon links 1 3 add model elements 6 1 muscle 6 1 wrap object 6 3 additional publications B 1 appearance settings 3 2 9 1 attribute syntax attribute A 4 keyword A 4 avi files 1 5 B bibliography B 1 bounding boxes 9 1 9 3 C c3d files vi 1 4 2 3 5 6 7 2 center of mass See COM close view pane 1 9 COM 8 1 display segment 8 1 display whole body 8 3 plot 8 2 8 3 Polygon System Tutorial commands select 1 4 confirmation message replace skeleton 2 2 2 3 scale Kinematic model 2 2 2 3 constraints show 3 6 D data bar 1 3 data object view 1 3 folder view 1 3 select items 1 4 data object view 1 3 data sets remove from 3D Workspace 3 5 Degree of Freedom See DOF delete model elements 6 1 6 4 muscle 6 5 wrap object 6 5 display model elements 9 1 display set appearance settings 3 2 9 1 subject 3 1 documentation feedback C 1 DOF 4 2 4 3 dongle v E Eclipse data directory browser 1 2 Eclipse database 1 2 edit muscles 5 1 musculoskeletal model 5 1 Index 1 Index skeleton hierarchy 5 6 wrap object 5 4 F file format vst file A 2 file structure vst file A 2 attribute syntax A 4 XML header A 3 files avi 1 5 c3d vi 1 4 2 3 5 6 7 2 mkr vi 5 6 7 2 mpg 1 5 pdf 1 5 ppt 1 5 vsk vi 7 1 7 vst vi 2 3 7 xml A 2 A 3 Obj 3 2 8 2 9 1 9 2 folder view 1 3 G Golem_MMM_COM vst 2 1 A
51. on page 3 1 To hide and redisplay objects in the 3D Workspace view 1 Right click anywhere in the 3D Workspace view and from the displayed shortcut menu point to Hide Objects and click Segments Polygon System Tutorial 3 5 Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models A checkmark Y appears next to the Segments option and all bones disappear from the 3D Workspace view Right click anywhere in the 3D Workspace view and from the displayed shortcut menu point to Hide Objects and click Segments The checkmark next to the Hide Objects option is cleared and the bones are displayed again in the 3D Workspace view Specifying the Appearance of Musculoskeletal Model Elements 3 6 As with most 3D objects in Polygon you can specify user preferences to control the default appearance of musculoskeletal model elements To specify the default appearance of musculoskeletal model elements 1 2 3 From the File menu select Preferences Click the Workspace tab In the Colors configuration area view or change the default color to be used for the Muscles Wrap Objects Wrap Object Constraints or Center of Mass options a Left click the current color to display the color map b Click the square for the desired basic color or click Define Custom Colors to display the custom Color map in which you can define a custom color c Click OK to close the Color map In the Options configuration area select or clear the followin
52. oxes In this lesson you will learn how to display a 3D mesh for your subject model To interact with the bone segment 3D meshes 1 Inthedata bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder then the Roger subject folder and select the Skeleton node 2 In the data object view double click the Display Set data item and the skeleton is displayed in the 3D Workspace view 3 Setthe display set segment properties to use the golembones obj mesh file a In the 3D Workspace view select any of the segments then right click point to Display Set and then click Appearance Settings The Display Set dialog box in which you can specify the appearance of sticks and segments is displayed Polygon System Tutorial 9 1 Interacting with Display Elements 9 2 b In the Segments tab click Mesh and then from the drop down list select golembones obj and then click OK The segments in the 3D Workspace view now have the appearance of a human skeleton Important If the drop down list in the Segments tab is empty ensure that the path for the Polygon Mesh Directory is set to C Program Files Vicon Meshes in the System tab of the Preferences dialog box If you are using a different model than that supplied in the tutorial select the obj file appropriate for that model For example for a Plug in Gait model select PlugInGaitBones obj 4 Move or scale the skeleton a Select any of the segments and click
53. r 3 Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models to learn how to visualize specific parts of the model in the 3D Workspace view Polygon System Tutorial 2 3 Using Musculoskeletal Model Templates 2 4 Polygon System Tutorial Visualizing Musculoskeletal 3 Models In the tutorial lesson in Chapter 2 Using Musculoskeletal Model Templates you loaded a musculoskeletal model template in Polygon and looked at its contents in the data bar In the tutorial lessons in this chapter you will learn how to display the model s 3D representation in the 3D Workspace view You will work with a supplied sample skeleton that does not have any muscles attached You will see how to visualize specific muscles wrap objects and constraints on the sample skeleton and how to view their properties Visualizing Musculoskeletal Model Elements In this lesson you will learn how to visualize elements of the musculoskeletal model in the 3D Workspace view To visualize a subject model display set in the 3D Workspace view 1 Inthedata bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder and then the Roger subject folder and select the Skeleton folder 2 In the data object view right click the Display Set object and from the displayed shortcut menu select Show Objects All objects in the display set for the subject Roger are now displayed in a 3D Workspace view including e Bone segments e Markers e Sticks Polygon System Tutorial 3 1 Visual
54. r and then select either the Wrap Objects or the Muscles folder 3 In the data object view select the muscle or wrap object that you created in the previous tutorial lesson Adding Model Elements on page 6 1 and remove it in one of the following ways e Right click on it and from the displayed shortcut menu select Cut or Delete e Onthe keyboard press the DELETE key Important It is not possible to delete musculoskeletal model elements if they are being visualized in a 3D Workspace view or if any ofthe muscle properties are being plotted in a Graph view Neither is it possible to delete a wrap object if it is used by a muscle Now that you can add muscles and wrap objects to and delete them from a musculoskeletal model move on to Chapter 7 Saving Musculoskeletal Models to learn how to save your changes to a new musculoskeletal model file Polygon System Tutorial 6 5 Adding and Deleting Musculoskeletal Model Elements 6 6 Polygon System Tutorial Saving Musculoskeletal Models l In the tutorial lesson in Chapter 6 Adding and Deleting Musculoskeletal Model Elements you learned how to add muscles and wrap objects to and delete them from a musculoskeletal model In the tutorial lessons in this chapter you will learn how to save changes you have made to a musculoskeletal model If you have modified a musculoskeletal model you can save changes to the current model Alternatively if you do not want to permanently
55. r period of time On the time bar click the Stop button im e With the default Gradual Color selected notice that the color scheme displayed in the Color Range bar is graduated from one color to the second color This is useful for representing partial activation The color scheme displayed in the Color Range bar illustrates the dynamic coloring that will be applied to the muscle in the 3D Workspace view Now select Thresholded Color and notice how the color scheme displayed in the Color Range bar switches to a straight two color scheme This is useful for representing an on off display Change the Threshold value which specifies the percent at which the color is to change from its default of 87 5 to 80 and click Preview Notice that the Low Activity color increases while the High Activity color decreases across the Color Range bar Now on the time bar at the bottom of the Polygon window click the Play button Notice how the dynamic coloring of the muscle in the 3D Workspace view changes On the time bar click the Stop button 1 6 Inthe Muscle Wrapping configuration area from the list of wrap objects associated with the muscle select RightPelvicBrim the only constraint for the iliacus muscle and click Delete Wrap The wrap object is removed from the list 7 Addthe RightPelvicBrim wrap object that you just deleted back into the list by selecting it from the drop down list and then clicking Add Wrap Important
56. rkspace view see Chapter 3 Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models To add a new wrap object 1 Inthedata bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder then the Roger subject folder and select the Muscle Set folder 2 Open the Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box in any of the following ways e In the data bar folder view right click Muscle Set point to Add and select Wrap Object e In the data bar folder view expand Muscle Set right click Wrap Objects point to Add and select Wrap Object e Inthe 3D Workspace select a visible muscle or wrap object then right click point to Add and select Wrap Object 3 In the Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box provide the following details for the new wrap object to be created e Name New Wrap Object e Object attachment e Origin 0 0 0 5 e Segment Pelvis Polygon System Tutorial 6 3 Adding and Deleting Musculoskeletal Model Elements e Object Properties e Type Sphere e Radius 0 2 Properties depend on object type e Object Constraint e Constraint Point 1 0 0 5 Important Brief descriptions of these properties are provided in the dialog box For further guidance on the types of values to specify for the properties in this dialog box see the lesson for Editing a Wrap Object in Chapter 5 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements For full descriptions of these properties see the Polygon System Reference book 4 Click OK to create the wrap objec
57. s tutorial book like this PolygonLinkText When you see a reference Polygon System Tutorial Introduction to a Polygon link activate the link from the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report before continuing with the steps in the tutorial lesson To activate Polygon links for tutorial lessons 1 Open the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report in Polygon by default under c Program Files Vicon Polygon PolygonReports New Features in Polygon 3 0 2 At the top of the data bar click Links In the Links tab right click the Polygon link referenced in the tutorial lesson for example 5 1 skeleton with iliacus muscles and click Activate The sample data opens in a separate Polygon view pane for example a 3D Workspace view or a Graph view Working with Polygon Reports Polygon uses an entire directory for each report This keeps all data files associated with the report in a central location The name of the directory is the name of the Polygon report When you open a Polygon report you can view and work with all its data During the tutorial lessons you will open a Polygon report that displays different types of sample data such as graph and 3D data When you click a specified Polygon link additional Graph and 3D Workspace views are displayed alongside the current view in the view pane area of the Polygon window The following sections provide the basic information on working in Polygon reports you need to work through this tutor
58. scssesseessesseeee 9 1 Displaying a model as a mesh or a group of boxes 9 1 Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files cccsscssessessesseeee A 1 VST File F rmate ninisi riots di ala loi A 2 VST File Structure iii A 2 XML Header ilaria A 3 VST File Attribute Syntax ii A 4 Parameters SECtIOM irer ina nein ne A 4 Skeleton Section ui A 5 Muscle Set Section ai A 6 MuscleModel ei A 6 WIapObJECE vacios A 7 MUSCIES atinada od A 7 Bibliography saaresecedacisececacssciccssscacexssisnsssateapessasssaeseaasexe B 1 Documentation Feedback 1 111100r rire C 1 NT Index 1 Polygon System Tutorial Preface This book helps you to quickly get started using the new Musculoskeletal Modeling Module features and functionality introduced in Polygon Version 3 0 It takes you step by step through the intended way of using these features in Polygon based on sample data in supplied Polygon reports The information in this book applies to both Vicon MX and V series systems It can be used with Polygon Version 3 0 and later It supplements the descriptions of the Polygon 3 x features provided in the Polygon System Reference book and the general Polygon biomechanical visualization and reporting details provided in the Polygon User Manual Important This book assumes that your Vicon system including the Polygon add on software the Vicon motion capture and processing applications
59. segment as you will see later in Chapter 7 Saving Musculoskeletal Models To move a segment under another parent in the hierarchy 1 Select the LeftFemur segment then right click and select Set Parent Segment The Set Parent Segment LeftFemur dialog box in which you can select a new parent for this segment is displayed 2 From the drop down list select the Head segment and click OK Expand the skeleton hierarchy and notice how the LeftFemur is now a child of the Head segment under the Thorax segment 3 Select the LeftFemur segment then right click and select Set Parent Segment 4 From the drop down list select Pelvis and click OK to return the model to its previous state Polygon System Tutorial 557 5 8 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements Now that you can modify existing model elements for an individual subject and edit the model skeleton hierarchy move on to Chapter 6 Adding and Deleting Musculoskeletal Model Elements to learn how to add and remove musculoskeletal elements from the model Polygon System Tutorial Adding and Deleting 6 Musculoskeletal Model Elements In the tutorial lesson in Chapter 5 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements you learned how to modify muscle and wrap objects for a subject in a musculoskeletal model and to edit the model skeleton hierarchy In the tutorial lessons in this chapter you will use the sample skeleton supplied with Polygon 3 x and create new m
60. sualizing Musculoskeletal ModelS 1 1 101000 00000 3 1 Visualizing Musculoskeletal Model Elements 3 1 Visualizing Muscles and Viewing Their Properties 3 2 Visualizing Wrap Objects and Constraints 3 3 Removing Objects from the 3D Workspace View 3 5 Specifying the Appearance of Musculoskeletal Model Elements iii a 3 6 Plotting Musculoskeletal Model Variables 4 1 Viewing Muscle Variables in a Graph eee ee es 4 1 Polygon System Tutorial iii Contents Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements 5 1 Editing a MUscle igagio iii i a 5 1 Editing a Wrap Object 5 4 Editing the Model Skeleton Hierarchy 5 6 Adding and Deleting Musculoskeletal Model Elements 6 1 Adding Model ElementSs i 6 1 Deleting Model ElemeEnts eee eeeeeeeeeaeeaeees 6 4 Saving Musculoskeletal Models 1 1 1001000 000 rien 7 1 Saving Changes to the Current Model eee eenees 7 2 Saving Changes to a New Model c eeceeeeee eee eeeeeeeee es 7 2 Displaying Center of Mass Elements 1 1 10 8 1 Displaying the COM of an Individual Segment 8 1 Displaying the COM of the Whole Body 8 2 Interacting with Display Elements ccsscs
61. t with the specified details Alternatively click Cancel at any time to stop creating this wrap object Once you have created a new object it is displayed in the data bar folder view under the Wrap Objects folder in the Muscle Set folder under the subject folder and in the drop down lists of available wrap objects in all Add Edit Muscle dialog boxes For details on how to visualize the new object in the 3D Workspace view see Chapter 3 Visualizing Musculoskeletal Models Deleting Model Elements 6 4 In this lesson you will learn how to delete muscles or wrap objects from a musculoskeletal model You do not need to have the sample skeleton from the previous tutorial lesson in Chapter 5 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements displayed in the 3D Workspace view or the Graph view You will delete the wrap object or muscle that you created in the previous tutorial lesson Adding Model Elements on page 6 1 Warning A delete operation cannot be undone in Polygon No warning prompt is displayed before the selected object is removed from the model Ensure that you want to permanently delete the selected item before deleting it from your own musculoskeletal model Polygon System Tutorial Adding and Deleting Musculoskeletal Model Elements To delete a muscle or wrap object 1 Inthedata bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder and select the Roger subject folder 2 Under Roger expand the Muscle Set folde
62. the Scale Move button on the main toolbar Move the segment mesh by holding down the SHIFT key together with the X Y or Z key and left click and drag The X Y and Z keys correspond to moving the mesh in these directions in the local coordinate system Dragging the mouse up the screen moves the bone in the appropriate positive coordinate direction and down the screen in the negative coordinate direction Scale the segment mesh by holding down the SHIFT key together with the X Y or Z key and right click and drag The X Y and Z keys correspond to scaling the mesh in these local coordinate system directions Dragging the mouse up the screen increases the size of the bone in the appropriate positive coordinate direction and down the screen decreases the size of the bone Click the Scale Move button on the main toolbar to end the scale or move operation Polygon System Tutorial Interacting with Display Elements 5 Setthe display set segment properties to change the model segments to bounding boxes a In the 3D Workspace view select any of the segments then right click point to Display Set and then click Appearance Settings The Display Set dialog box in which you can specify the appearance of sticks and segments is displayed b In the Segments tab click Box and then click OK Notice how the bounding boxes are just big enough to enclose the meshes 6 Move or scale a segment as you did in st
63. to view the sample vst file A 1 Golem_MMM_COM vst supplied with the New Features in Polygon 3 0 report while you read this appendix describing the general format and content of a vst file for a musculoskeletal model This appendix assumes you have a basic understanding of the use and presentation of xm files VST File Structure The full structure of a vst file for a musculoskeletal model is outlined below Details for the contents of each of the two main sections of the file are provided in the following sections of this appendix lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 standalone no gt lt KinematicModelTemplate VERSION 1 5 gt lt Parameters gt lt Parameter NAME ATTRIBUTE value gt lt Parameters gt lt Skeleton gt lt Segment ATTRIBUTE value gt lt JointType ATTRIBUTE value gt lt Segment ATTRIBUTE value gt lt Segment gt lt Segment gt lt Skeleton gt lt MuscleSet gt Polygon System Tutorial Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files lt MuscleModel NAME gt lt ActiveForceLength gt lt Point ATTRIBUTE value gt lt ActiveForceLength gt lt PassiveForceLength gt lt Point ATTRIBUTE value gt lt PassiveForceLength gt lt PassiveForceVelocity gt lt Point ATTRIBUTE value gt lt PassiveForceVelocity gt lt TendonForceLength gt lt Point ATTRIBUTE value gt lt TendonForceLength gt lt MuscleModel gt lt WrapObjects gt lt WrapObject T
64. uscles and wrap objects You create these in either an Add Edit Muscle or Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box These dialog boxes are non modal which means that you can still interact with Polygon while the dialog box is open You check the effect of any changes by using the Preview button in the dialog box You can then decide whether to apply the changes to your model by clicking the OK button or to undo them by clicking the Cancel button Adding Model Elements In these lessons you will learn how to add muscles and wrap objects to a musculoskeletal model You do not need to have the sample skeleton from the previous tutorial lesson in Chapter 5 Modifying Musculoskeletal Model Elements displayed in the 3D Workspace view or the Graph view To add a new muscle 1 In the data bar folder view expand the Gait 9 c3d File 1 trial folder then the Roger subject folder and select the Muscle Set folder 2 Open the Add Edit Muscle dialog box in any of the following ways e In the data bar folder view right click Muscle Set point to Add and select Muscle Polygon System Tutorial 6 1 Adding and Deleting Musculoskeletal Model Elements e Inthe data bar folder view expand Muscle Set right click Muscles point to Add and select Muscles e Inthe 3D Workspace select a visible muscle or wrap object then right click point to Add and select Muscles 3 In the Add Edit Wrap Object dialog box provide the following details for the new
65. vidual lt segment gt definitions are included in the following format lt Segment NAME BOUNDS ORIENTATION POSITION MASS MASS CENTRE INERTIA gt lt JointType gt lt Segment gt For full details on the contents of the lt skeleton gt section of a vst file see the Polygon System Reference book Polygon System Tutorial A 5 Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files Muscle Set Section The lt Muscleset gt section of a vst file for a musculoskeletal model contains a complete description of the muscular part of the musculoskeletal model The start and end section tags for this section are lt MuscleSet gt lt MuscleSet gt Within this section include one or more of the following individual components lt MuscleModel gt A series of muscle models lt WrapObjects gt A collection of muscle wrapping objects lt Muscles gt A collection of muscles The format of each of these lt Muscleset gt section components is described in the following sections MuscleModel A 6 The lt MuscleModel gt component of the lt Muscleset gt section defines one or more models to be used for calculating muscle force Each model contains an entry for each of the four characteristic curves that describe the generic Hill based model The format of this component is lt MuscleModel NAME gt lt ActiveForceLength lt Point FORCE LENGTH gt lt ActiveForceLength gt lt PassiveForceLengt
66. vidual bone segments combinations of bone segments and the whole body This new modeling feature for displaying the COM of bone segments or combinations of bone segments is useful for analyzing the gross energetics of human movement and postural control The data describing the mass COM position and inertia properties of the bone segments of a model are incorporated into the Vicon Skeleton Template vst file For further details see Appendix A Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files The mass and COM data included in the model template Golem_MMM_COM vst are taken from Winter 1930 For details on this model see Appendix B Bibliography Displaying the COM of an Individual Segment In this lesson you will learn how to display the COM of an individual bone segment for the subject Roger To display the COM of the pelvis 1 Inthe data bar folder view expand the Gait 14 c3d File 2 trial folder then the Roger subject folder and select the Skeleton node 2 Inthe data object view double click the Display Set data item and the skeleton is displayed in the 3D Workspace view Polygon System Tutorial 8 1 Displaying Center of Mass Elements 3 Setthe display set segment properties to use the go embones obj mesh file a In the 3D Workspace view select any of the segments then right click point to Display Set and then click Appearance Settings The Display Set dialog box in which you can specify the appearance of sticks
67. with the musculoskeletal model Moment Arm A plot of the contribution a muscle can make to the moment about a joint per unit force normalized to gait cycle This can be calculated for all of the joints a muscle crosses and for each Degree of Freedom DOF of a joint or for all DOF together Point to the desired joint that this muscle crosses and then select one of the following e All for all of the DOF in a joint e One of the DOF in the list Polygon System Tutorial Plotting Musculoskeletal Model Variables The joints crossed by the muscles correspond to the joint angles in the trial and their DOF match any preferences set for variable ranges In this example using the biceps which is biarticular crossing both the shoulder and elbow point to ElbowAngles and then select Flex Ext e Maximum Moment A plot of the product of Moment Arm and Maximum Force normalized to gait cycle As for Moment Arm this property can be for each DOF of a joint or for all DOF together Point to the desired joint that this muscle crosses and then select one of the following e All for all of the DOF in a joint e One of the DOF in the list In this example using the biceps point to ElbowAngles and then select Flex Ext If you have not previously specified any variable range preferences DOF for relevant muscle variables are labeled 1 2 3 etc For details on specifying variable range preferences see the Polygon System Referenc
68. ype ATTRIBUTE value gt lt ActiveRange ATTRIBUTE value gt lt WrapObjects gt lt Muscles gt lt Muscle ATTRIBUTE value gt lt Muscles gt lt MuscleSet gt lt KinematicModelTemplate gt XML Header The header lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 standalone no gt is essential for the file to be recognized as XML format by Polygon and other xm file viewing packages Do not edit this section Polygon System Tutorial A 3 Vicon Skeleton Template vst Files VST File Attribute Syntax Each option in a given section of the vst file consists of a keyword and one or more attribute value pairs This is written in the following way in an xml file lt Keyword ATTRIBUTE value gt The Keyword identifies the element with which the Vicon application is to be concerned the ATTRIBUTE is a characteristic of the specified keyword and the value is the actual data that the Vicon application is to use For most options you must specify the value required for your specific implementation of the vst file To help you understand how to construct these definitions in your vst file when giving the syntax for a section this appendix provides the Keyword and ATTRIBUTE words followed by a description of the type of data you must supply for the value within the quotation marks for each ATTRIBUTE For example lt Joint NAME POSITION gt where NAME is a name that uniquely identifies the joint

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