Home

User Manual SYRTHES 4.3

1. User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE 5 2 List of symbols Symbole Signification Unit Ci Titre molaire du gaz i Notation g n rique pour une chaleur massique pression constante J kg K Ci Chaleur massique de l eau liquide J kg K Chas Chaleur massique pression constante de l air sec et de la vapeur d eau J kg K C Milieu poreux Chaleur massique du mat riau sec J kg K D Notation g n rique pour une diffusivit m 8 Dy Coefficient de diffusion de la vapeur d eau dans l air kg m s Das Coefficient de diffusion de l air sec dans l air kg m s e Notation g n rique pour une paisseur m f Facteur de r sistance la diffusion dans un milieu poreux G Notation g n rique pour une enthalpie libre J g Notation g n rique pour une enthalpie libre massique J kg 4 Notation g n rique pour une densit de flux Densit de flux de chaleur dans le milieu poreux W m Gu Densit de flux de vapeur dans le milieu poreux kg m s Jas Densit de flux d air sec dans le milieu poreux kg m s ea Densit de flux de vapeur dansl air kg m s es Densit de flux d air sec dansl air kg m s H Notation g n rique pour une enthalpie J h Notation g n rique pour une enthalpie massique J kg has hy hy Enthalpie massique de l air sec de la vapeur d eau de l eau liquide J kg h Chal
2. 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 6 2 4 Contact resistance tab Contact resistance boundary condition The value of the contact resistance must be input here in W m C and the references of the two groups of faces between which the contact resistance will be applied Note that in the data file syrthes data the two reference groups are separated by OI File Tools Preferences Help Run SYRTHES gt Stop SYRTHES 6 Calculation Progress Home File Names Heat exchange Flux condition Dirichlet condition Contact resistance Infinite radiation Conduction Initial conditions Contact resistance W m Deg C Hornet Type Coef g Ref group 1 Ref group2 Usercomments Physical properties Control Output Volumetric conditions Constant v pedane 6 Constant v User C functions amp Constant Constant Running options Constant Screenshot Figure 10 10 syrthes gui Window Boundary conditions Contact resistance D Boundary conditions Contact resistance Description Boundary condition of type imposed temperature Keyword CLIM T RES CONTACT g ref groupe 1 1 ref groupe 2 Value Real Default a 0 Keyword CLIM T FCT RES CONTACT g r y z t T Resistance ref groupe 1 1 ref_groupe_2 Value fonction g x y z t Default G 0 Keywo
3. EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 model 2 or 3 mat maillnodes nelem material number of the element e ConstPhyhmt This structure defines the constant physical properties of the fluid and the air of the materials rhol Volumetric mass of the liquid rhot Volumetric mass of the air R Constant of the ideal gas xmv Molecular mass of the vapor xmas Molecular mass of the dry air Rv Vapor constant per unit mass Ras Dry air constant per unit mass Cpv Vapor specific heat capacity at constant pressure Cpas Dry air specific heat capacity at constant pressure Cpl Water specific heat capacity at constant pressure e ConstMateriaux this structure defines the physical constants of each material rhos Volumetric density of dry material cs Heat capacity of dry material eps0 Porosity of the dry material xk Intrinsic permeability xknv Knudsen permeability taumax Maximum rate of volumetric humidity For each material the values are defined in the function fmat cont xxx 11 2 2 How are the properties of the materials defined The properties of the materials are defined in functions located in the materials library lib_material_syrthes_edf All the functions defining the properties of a material my material are defined in the function hmt lib mon materiau c and in the cor
4. HIST FREQ_SECONDS 100 HIST FREQ_ITER 10 HIST FREQ_LIST_TIMES 100 2 140 6 170 3 Probe for fine mesh HIST NOEUDS 93 96 125 128 HIST NOEUDS HIST COORD 0 0 0 1 1 2 en 24 HIST COORD 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 Results pa BILAN FLUX SURFACIQUES 12 4 BILAN FLUX VOLUMIQUES 2 67 DOOR OOOO OOO OI RA a a ak a a 22k 2k DOO OOOO OO A a aa kK LES Accessibilit EDF Page 136 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE DATA FOR RADIATION lt NOMBRE DE BANDES SPECTRALES POUR LE RAYONNEMENT 1 DOMAINE DE RAYONNEMENT CONFINE OUVERT SUR L EXTERIEUR NON Output ECRITURES OPTIONNELLES RAYONNEMENT NON Management of correspondants and view factors NOMBRE DE REDECOUPAGES POUR CALCUL DES FACTEURS DE FORME 0 LECTURE DES FACTEURS DE FORME SUR FICHIER NON Input of radiation conditions RAYT VOLUME_CONNEXE Px Py Pz RAYT VOLUME_CONNEXE 20 1 0 0
5. 132 B SYRTHES keywords file syrthes data syd 133 Accessibilit EDF Page 8 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE C Physical quantities and units of measurement 139 D Internet links 141 Accessibilit EDF Page 9 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 10 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 1 Introduction In numerous industrial processes thermal phenomena play a preponderant role in the mechan ical structure of materials In the case of thermal shocks for example when certain components are subjected to brusque or significant variations of temperature The resulting differential expansions can cause mechanical stress which provokes the appearance of fissures and cracks For a long time the study of these phenomena and the optimization of procedures have relied on experience and parametric trial studies Independent of the often elevated cost the experi mental approach has only led to a limited number of locations where the quantitative values are accessible in fact only where sensors can be placed With the advent of increasingly powerful computers it is now more interesting to propose n
6. Uz 1lu 0u 0 4 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 gt Physical prop erties Anisotropic Type Function Description Anisotropic materials with properties defined by a function Keyword 2D CPHY_MAT_ANISO_2D_FCT kr ky REFERENCES Keyword 3D CPHY MAT ANISO 3D FCT ky ky kz REFERENCES Value 4 or 5 fonctions f x y 2 1 1 angle or3 vecteurs Default Uz 1 uy 0 u 0 v 0u 1v 0 we 0w 0 1 rho 7700 460 ky 25 ky 25 25 Physical prop erties Anisotropic Type Program Description Anisotropic materials with programmed properties Keyword 2D CPHY_MAT_ANISO_2D_PROG REFERENCES Keyword 3D CPHY_MAT_ANISO_3D_PROG REFERENCES Value Default 7700 460 25 10 6 4 Volumetric conditions window Definition of Source Terms in W m If and only if the source term is identical throughout the entire domain either a constant value for all the elements a source term defined by the same function throughout or a source term programmed for the entire domain the list of references of the elements concerned can be reduced to 1 meaning all the elements File Tools Preferences Help amp File Names v Conduction Initial conditions Boundary conditions Physical properties Periodicity User C functions Control Output Running options Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calcul
7. SURF Time 1 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Lim Cond 0 00000e 00 Radiative 0 00000e 00 Convection 0 00000e 00 VOL Time 1 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Volume_Flux 0 00000e 00 SURF Time 2 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Lim_Cond 1 59993e 08 Radiative 0 00000e 00 Convection 0 00000e 00 VOL Time 2 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Volume_Flux 0 00000e 00 SURF Time 3 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Lim_Cond 3 91616e 03 Radiative 0 00000e 00 Convection 0 00000e 00 VOL Time 3 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Volume_Flux 0 00000e 00 SURF Time 4 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Lim_Cond 1 66236e 02 Radiative 0 00000e 00 Convection 0 00000e 00 VOL Time 4 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Volume_Flux 0 00000e 00 SURF Time 5 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Lim_Cond 4 16611e 02 Radiative 0 00000e 00 Convection 0 00000e 00 VOL Time 5 00000000e 02 Balance 1 Volume_Flux 0 00000e 00 Accessibilit EDF Page 132 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE e Appendix B SYRTHES keywords file syrthes data syd This paragraph provides the keywords accepted by SYRTHES J ook ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok kk ok III I I I I IC I FILE NAMES J ook ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok okeokeokeokeokokeokeokeoke kk ok ok ok ok ok oko ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok HER
8. 36 a 222 2552 Ae GR RUE 37 6 Coupling with thermal hydraulic code 39 7 General Environment 41 7 1 Organization of the input data and the results 42 Data files cc 484 nos oko ads ba aa mens be Lena 43 Tl Cu es 20s wuosko use xe ee Rb SEE SS Lime 44 7 13 Storage Memory for view factors 2 45 7 1 4 Coupling SYRTHES with a thermal hydraulic code 45 7 2 Creating a mesh for SYRTHEB lt o oos o 4 4 Li 4 9k dau a e X du ee 45 7 3 Visualize SYRTHES results 45 7 3 1 Conversion of SYRTHES results to Ensightformat 46 7 3 2 Conversion of results to MED format 46 8 Data files relative to SYRTHES 47 S1 Geometrie kso 555224 y dox me o 3o din X 93 47 Conduction mesli 222222222222 5285 2 oe he we Reals 47 5 1 2 Radiation mesh ss secrete da as Riu x9 o3 dont 3 47 8 1 3 Formats of the mesh files 48 82 Parameter files lt 4 44 4 paos o a 48 8 3 Standard weather daba Hle 34 ssn eee ee o9 XE deu 48 8 3 1 Contents of the weather data file 48 882 Example of use 225 522546495584 du ndo ee oe 49 5d User data dee c ge dun Dh ok hoe NUR OR OR XC mea 50 9 Interpreted functions 51 9 1 What can be defined with the interpreted functions
9. Figure 10 12 syrthes gui Window Physical properties Isotropic Isotropic solids are defined by gt the volumetric mass p kg m gt the heat capacity J kg K gt the thermal conductivity k W mK gt Physical pro perties Isotropic Type Constant Description Isotropic materials with properties defined by a constant Keyword CPHY MAT ISO k REFERENCES Value 3 real gt 0 Default 7700 460 25 gt Physical properties Isotropic Type Function Description Isotropic materials with properties defined by a function Keyword CPHY MAT ISO FCT p k REFERENCES Value 3 functions f x z t T Default 7700 460 25 gt Physical properties Isotropic Type Program Description Isotropic materials with programmed properties Keyword CPHY_MAT_ISO_PROG REFERENCES Value Default 7700 460 25 10 6 3 2 Orthotropic tab Definition of materials with orthotropic behavior the thermal conductivity will thus be de fined by a diagonal matrix the terms of which can vary in time and space on the elements Orthotropic solids are defined by Accessibilit EDF Page 70 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE Version 1 0 User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 File Tools Preferences Help amp File Names Isotropic Orthotropic Anisotropic Conduction Initial conditions Boundary conditio
10. Definition of the boundary conditions J a keyword type value list of references EUR for a calculation of conduction radiation without coupled transfers Accessibilit EDF Page 134 143 EDF 2012 EDF RED User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE CLIM_T COEF_ECH 25 5 12 CLIM_T_FCT COEF _ECH 2 T 12 1000 0 1 2 4 23 CLIM_T_PROG COEF_ECH 5 6 CLIM_T DIRICHLET D 3 CLIM_T_FCT DIRICHLET 3 X 2 3 CLIM T PROG DIRICHLET B CLIM_T FLUX 1000 456 CLIM_T_FCT FLUX 3 X 2 456 CLIM_T_PROG FLUX 456 CLIM_T RES_CONTACT 50 7 4 1 12 CLIM_T_FCT RES CONTACT 3 X 2 8 1 23 34 CLIM T PROG RES CONTACT 8 1 3 CLIM_T RAY_INFINI 0 3 20 8 9 CLIM_T_FCT RAY_INFINI 3 X 2 0 1 89 CLIM_T_PROG RAY_INFINI 89 Ter ot A Ree ecd ee Es BA cs Be Re Ea in all cases CLIM PERIODICITE 2D T 1 0 5 1 2 3 CLIM PERIODICITE_3D T 1 0 0 5 1 2 3 CLIM PERIODICITE_2D R 0 0 90 5 1 12 CLIM PERIODICITE_3D R 0 0 0 1 9 0 90 5 1i 12 CLIM COUPLAGE_RAYONNEMENT 1 2 CLIM COUPLAGE_SURF_FLUIDE nom_saturne 12 CLIM COUPLAGE VOL FLUIDE nom saturne 3 a Definition of volumetric conditions Hee ee CVOL_T 1000000 12 CVOL_T_FCT 23000 T X 13 CVOL_T_PROG 13 CVOL_PV 2300 12 CVOL_PV_FCT 230 PV X 13 CVOL_PV_PROG 13 CVOL_PT 1000000 12 CVOL_PT_FCT 23 P
11. 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 e The regularity of the elements facilitates the convergence of the calculation Elements with angles greater than 90 should be particularly avoided and a reasonable distortion should be conserved for each element e The physical characteristics of the case must be anticipated at the moment of the concep tion of the mesh by placing for example judiciously the references on the boundary faces in view of the boundary conditions that will be imposed e In the same way the element references must be anticipated relative to the different materials It is always possible to input more references than are strictly necessary one material can have several different references to identify particular zones e The references must be positive integers A face or an element whose reference is 0 zero is considered as not having a reference 14 9 Calculating with a CFD code coupled to SYRTHES SYRTHES was conceived so that the calculation methodology is identical regardless of whether the calculation is for a solid alone or for a calculation of a fluid solid coupling Regardless of the application the SYRTHES initialization should always be done within the framework of only simple conduction radiation calculations Even if the final objective is to do a fluid solid calculation this investment will pay off fully as the method for the calculat
12. For this reason the view factors are proposed to be stored It is the object of the first keyword which has two possible choices File Tools Preferences Help amp Bia Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names View factor Symmetry Periodicity Conduction Initial conditions View Factor Management Calculation Boundary conditions Physical properties Internal points coordinates in m to define connex domains Volumetric conditions coordx coord z User comments Periodicity v Radiation Spectral parameters je View Factor Material radiation propert e Boundary conditions Solar modelling User C functions Control Output Running options Screenshot Figure 10 24 syrthes gui Window View Factor gt View Factor Management Description Choice between calculation or reading Keyword LECTURE DES FACTEURS DE FORME SUR FICHIER Value OUI or NON Default NON The table in this window corresponds to the definition of the internal points which can identify the hollow cavities within which radiation from surface to surface will be applied It is indeed impossible from only one or several known surfaces to know where the exterieur and interior Accessibilit EDF Page 81 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 are located Mo
13. m Screenshot Figure 10 30 syrthes gui Window Imposed radition temperature The input data are the temperature in C the face references of the radiation mesh on which is applied the imposed temperature Warning these faces cannot be coupled with conduction Accessibilit EDF Page 86 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt Imposed radiation temperature Description Definition of the radiative faces at imposed temperature and value Keyword CLIM RAYT COUPLAGE CONDUCTION IN C REF Valeur real gt 273 15 list of integers Defaut NO DEFAULT VALUE 10 8 7 Window Boundary conditions Imposed Flux This window corresponds to the flux directly imposed on the cells of the radiation This func tionality is used for example to specify an adiabatic condition meaning that the flux exchange is zero without having necessarily to mesh a solid wall In the case where the flux is not zero the situation can become complex relative to the data specifications when several spectral bands are considered limiting this option to specialists Indeed the proportion of the radiative flux imposed for each of the spectral bands considered must be input The keywords to input are thus the number of the spectral band the flux per band the list of references of the surfacic radiation mesh In the case of a gray configu
14. Constant a Volumetric conditions User C functions Ej Constant M Control Ej Constant v T v Output Running options Screenshot Figure 10 39 syrthes gui Window Humidity model for source terms This is the same methodology as for the imposed initial conditions one choice for the type of boundary conditions constant function sub program the variable on which the condition is applied the imposed value and the references of the elements on which the condition is applied Note in coherence with the other windows that the activation of the sub program option will deactivate the possibility to input values or functions the objective being to avoid ambiguity concerning the placement of where the conditions must be input The corresponding keywords appear as the following D Humidity Volumetric term sources in T Description Impose a volumetric term for T in humidity Keyword CVOL_T SOURCE W M3 REFERENCES Value real references Default No value or 0 source term Description Impose a volumetric term for T as a function Keyword CVOL_T_FCT FONCTION SOURCE X Y Z T T PV PT references Description Impose a volumetric term for T as a sub function Value user hmt c user hmt cfluvs to program D Humidity Volumetric term sources in Pv Description Impose a volumetric term for Pv in humidity Keyword CVOL_PV SOURCE PA M3 REFERENCES Value real references Default
15. e and if everything goes well analysis of the results 14 2 Preliminary phase set a SYRTHES environment For smooth operation SYRTHES uses a certain number of environment variables which are set in the user environment via the file syrthes profile Before using the code it is thus necessary to source this file gt syrthes4 x y z arch NOM ARCH bin syrthes profile Note this command can be input directly in the user environment files profile or so that it is automatically executed upon login 14 3 Running calculation with SYRTHES interface From the work directory the following command is given gt syrthes gui Accessibilit EDF Page 115 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The following window will appear on the screen Welcome to SYRTHES 4 GUI 1 0 Copyright EDF 2011 Welcome to SYRTHES 4 x gt lt 5 5 new cose D Create New Case m New Data File Open Data file Figure 14 1 syrthes gui Window Creation of a new case It is necessary to create a new case by inputting the name of the case The interface will then create a new directory which will contain the basic files to run a calculation The main window of the interface appears on the screen File Tools Preferences Help D ww E zu CSSS File Names gt Condu
16. trav variable e name name of the variable string of 12 characters maximum without spaces type 2 for a variable on the elements 3 for a variable on the nodes 3 Examples to write the new files MY VAR stored table if ecraddfile add var in file maillnodes npoin travi MY_VAR 3 if ecraddfile add var file maillnodes nelem trav2 MY VAR 2 Note that the writing frequency for the additional variables is the same as for the main variables temperature Pv Pt Thus the output option for transient result field must be selected in the GUI or by the appropriate keyword in the syrthes_data syd file EDF 2012 Page 114 143 Accessibilit EDF EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 14 Do a thermal calculation with SYRTHES 14 1 Introduction The different phases of a calculation are the following e analysis of the physical problem choice of the calculation domain of the physical models e generation of the mesh of the solid domain setting of the references to identify the different materials boundary conditions physical conditions etc If necessary calculation of heat transfer generation of the radiation mesh e update of the data file syrthes data for conduction and if necessary for radiation e update if necessary the user functions e creation of the execution program and run the calculation
17. 01 0 000000000 00 0 000000000 00 0 000000000 00 186703 4 000000000e 02 5 000000000 01 4 000000000e 01 2 000000000e 01 1 000000000e 01 72596 4 000000000e 02 5 000000000e 01 4 000000000 01 2 000000000 01 1 000000000 01 18220 4 000000000 02 2 151773042 01 2 683000000e 01 8 690000000e 03 9 090000000e 03 166272 4 000000000 02 1 917194365 01 8 511000000e 03 8 690000000e 03 9 090000000e 03 88507 It is possible to request SYRTHES to calculate surface volume balance at each time step These results surfacic or volumetric are calculated at each time step and are indicated in the listing files but that are also stored in this file to be exploited by a data plotting program For surfacic results the following is seen on the line e Balance the number of the surfacic results e Lim the power coming from the boundary conditions across the surface e Radiative W the power coming from the heat exchanges across the surface e Convection W the power coming from the heat exchanges with the fluid in cases when the calculation is coupled with a CFD code For volumetric results the following is seen on the line e Balance the number of the volumetric results e Volume Flux W the power in the defined volume An example of a file with one calculation of a surfacic flux result and one calculation of a volu metric flux result is presented below
18. 96 10 10 Window Conjugate Heat Transfer 98 11 Data for heat and mass transfers 101 11 1 Data the file syrthes data syd 101 LLLI General dala ka sun ee da LU amet oer ep Xe e EDS des 101 11 1 2 Manage the precision of the solvers 101 11 1 3 Defimition of materials lt lt a cca 101 11 14 Boundary conditione oes s gos y mox de ee du de RR 101 11 2 Materials ecs eae ee Pe Dans be y de Hu 101 11221 Data structure lt s GE ou eee ee ae ea pd gas 101 11 2 2 How are the properties of the materials defined 102 11 2 3 How are the diverse functions used 103 11 2 4 How can new material be defined 103 11 2 4 1 To create the new material 103 11 2 4 2 To use the new material in SYRTHES run 104 12 User functions 105 12 1 Description of the variables included in the user functions 105 12 2 Punctions of usos ope bk Lu B AUR Rok XXE RO e mn es 107 12 2 1 Reading a specific data file user read myfil 107 12 2 2 Writing additional variables in the result file user add var in file 107 Accessibilit EDF Page 7 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 12 2 3 Definit
19. FEO OOO OOO OOO EEK CII III KR EEE EEE kkk T RAYT TYPE 2 NB 240 3 334941692e 01 3 336039388e 01 3 334816760e 01 3 334080425e 01 3 334442619e 01 3 336157198e 01 3 335122335e 01 2 014586463e 01 2 014532492e 01 2 011203369e 01 2 011454749e 01 2 012646412e 01 2 012931101 01 2 011732019e 01 3 336235707e 01 3 336330610 01 3 335899521e 01 3 2 014451528e 01 2 011997618 01 2 013276455 01 2 336378464 01 333605267 01 010664813 01 013633879 01 334543983e 01 335612920e 01 334725889e 01 010819385e 01 012224452e 01 013968336e 01 334455717e 01 336189721e 01 335815803e 01 010989737e 01 012426189e 01 014266663e 01 VAR FLUX_RAYT_O TYPE 2 2 708572064e 01 2 295235281e 01 2 819272821e 01 3 042816076e 01 2 959205919e 01 2 155202148e 01 NB 240 1 886771293e 01 1 2 592430422e 01 1 1 902344504e 01 3 854430627e 01 2 897069267e 01 3 932451244e 01 459923549e 01 1 253932734e 01 2 949392474e 01 2 010793899e 01 982890576e 01 114157281e 01 1 391292096 01 1 415382152e 01 1 485118622e 01 1 1 536760020e 01 1 574304674e 01 1 658142281e 01 1 533997472e 01 1 721341010e 01 1 547424191e 01 1 770233205e 01 1 549937847e 01 845574101e 01 A 3 Transient result file file rdt This file has exactly the same structure as the final result file Thus a transient state file is sequence collection
20. 51 9 2 How to define function 2 52 9 3 Interpreted functions in SYRTHES 52 10 Parameter file 53 10 1 Genaralities concerning the data file syrthes data syd 53 10 2 Genaralities concerning the tables in the syrthes gui interface 54 10S Home lt eps cerre 22 0512400 6 LBS 57 10 4 Control of window 58 10 4 1 Time management tab 58 1042 Solver information tab lt lt segre Dada su ed pue RR 60 15 5 Window File Names gt 34 ce soe fe ee X a A Di sus 61 10 6 Parameters for comduction 2 2 64 10 6 1 Window Initial conditions 64 10 6 2 Window Boundary conditions 64 10 6 21 Heat exchange tab 65 lie tab 22222222 ee RS ae 0 R 66 10 6 2 3 Dirichlet tab 2 2 2 44 fee be bade See 9 taa 67 Accessibilit EDF Page 6 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 6 2 4 Contact resistance tab 68 10 6 2 5 Infinite radiation tab 69 10 6 8 Physical properties window 69 Iseteapie tah so 2 3 ke di haha aan aus 70 110 32 Orthotropic tab 2 22 24 70 10 6 3 3 Anisotropic ta
21. INFINI references Value user c user limfso to program Default 0 T 20 10 6 3 Physical properties window Definition of the physical properties of materials This window includes three tabs which define isotropic orthotropic and anisotropic materials within the same domain of calculation If and only if the domain is only composed of one single material the list of references of the elements concerned can be reduced to 1 If not for each material the list of references of elements concerned by this condition will be provided Accessibilit EDF Page 69 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 6 3 1 Isotropic tab Definition of materials with isotropic behavior the thermal conductivity will thus be defined by a scalar possibly variable in time and space on the elements File Tools Preferences Help Biz SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES 6 Calculation Progress Home File Names Isotropic Orthotropic Anisotropic Conduction Initia Boun C k References User comments Physical properties P Volumetric conditions amp Constant Periodicity 6 Constant User C functions Control Constant Output Fi Constant w Running options Screenshot conditions p kg m3 Cp J kg m3 Isotropic conductivity W m Deg dary conditions
22. No value or 0 source term Description Impose a volumetric term for Pv as a function Keyword CVOL_PV_FCT FONCTION SOURCE X Y Z T T PV PT references Description Impose a volumetric term for Pv as a sub function Value user hmt c user hmt cfluvs to program Accessibilit EDF Page 97 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 D Humidity Volumetric term sources in Pt Description Impose a volumetric term for Pt in humidity Keyword CVOL_PT SOURCE PA M3 REFERENCES Value real references Default No value or 0 source term Description Impose a volumetric term for Pt as a function Keyword Description Impose a volumetric term for Pt as a sub function Value user hmt c user hmt cfluvs to program CVOL PT FCT FONCTION SOURCE X Y Z T T PV PT references 10 10 Window Conjugate Heat Transfer The coupling of SYRTHES with one or several CFD code s with the corresponding meshes is done through the references In the case of coupling with the Code Saturne or neptune it is possible to execute the following couplings e surfacic the thermal coupling of the fluid and solid domains is done through the contact surfaces Surfacic thermal coupling Figure 10 40 Example of a surfacic coupling application gt Conjugate Heat Transfer Description Surface coupling Key
23. RAYT SYMETRIE 2D ax by c 0 RAYT SYMETRIE 3D by cz d 0 RAYT PERIODICITE_2D Ix teta RAYT PERIODICITE_3D 2 Vx Vy Vz teta bande lbdi 1bd2 RAYT BANDES SPECTRALES 1 1 e 10 10 RAYT TEMPERATURE INFINI 20 bande emissi transm reflect ref RAYT ETR 1 0 9 0 0 1 1 ee Radiation boundary conditions CLIM_RAYT COUPLAGE_CONDUCTION 134 CLIM_RAYT TEMPERATURE_IMPOSEE temp degre C ref CLIM_RAYT TEMPERATURE_IMPOSEE 30 3 CLIM_RAYT FLUX_IMPOSE_PAR_BANDE bande flux w m2 ref COMPLEMENTARY DATA FOR THE COUPLED TRANSFERS OO DOO Definition of the materials HMT_MAT BETON 2 4 32 Initial conditions and Accessibilit EDF Page 137 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE key
24. User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 t Thermal radiation Description Activation of the thermal radiation model Keyword PRISE EN COMPTE DU RAYONNEMENT CONFINE Value OUI or NON Default NON gt Humidity Description Activation of of transfers coupled with mass and temperature Two models are available models with 2 equations temperature and vapor pressure and models with 3 equations temperature vapor pressure and total pressure Keyword MODELISATION DES TRANSFERTS D HUMIDITE Value 0 20r3 Default 0 10 4 Control of window The adjustment of the parameters for the calculation pilot can be done in this window It has two tabs The first Time managment is for the management of time and the second Solver information is to control iterative solver parameters 10 4 1 Time management tab In general 16 is the management of time that is dealt with here SYRTHES is above all based on an unsteady algorithm convergence of the usteady algorithm is used for research in steady state In numerous cases the calculation is not made in only one run first calculation is done the results are analyzed and new calculation is launched taking as the initial parameters the results from the first calculation It is sequence of calculations In other cases a system usually in a steady state which is suddenly subjected to a transient might need to be stu
25. V4 2k kk kakak k ak k k ak ak ak ak 3k DH ak DO HD DK DH D ED HD 3k K K ak 2 3k D K ED KE KDE DD A K 42 OK OK k DK HS OK OH 2 2k 2k 2k k DK HS k oko HE OK 2 OK 2K 2 oe KE ook ke oe 2 2 OK OK K K 1 00000000000000000e 02 XKkXNTSYR VAR 3 511913396e 01 2 578849324e 01 2 428548891e 01 2 001092025e 01 2 000449059e 01 6 5 TEMPERATURE 3 3 238455849e 01 2 514980564e 01 2 428174557e 01 2 000959903e 01 2 000492626e 01 NB 6 00000000000000000e 02 3 039483673e 01 2 468052818e 01 2 428312361e 01 2 000784694e 01 2 000527600e 01 1632 2 884447380e 01 2 438396762e 01 2 428398721e 01 2 000619816e 01 2 000552773e 01 ADT 2 760831568e 01 2 427825146e 01 2 428024169e 01 2 000498141e 01 2 000571147e 01 2 660665068e 01 2 428703137e 01 2 428243654e 01 2 000439638e 01 2 000578183e 01 Version 1 0 A A Additional result file file add This file is only used if specific output has been defined This is the case when particular prop erties need to be calculated on all of the nodes It has a structure id
26. automatic time step being managed uniquely by evolutions of temperature This choice was made because managing the time step through combination of physical critera based on the three variables be too con straining Moreover the temperature evolutions often being the most rapid it is better during the transient to be associated to the temperature Accessibilit EDF Page 90 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The resolution of the variables Pv and Pv require that information be input into the solvers For this reason the window in figure 10 35 is proposed File Tools Preferences Help amp ao Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Time management Solver information nie Conduction Solver information Solver Precision Maximum number of iterations Material properties Coupled Boundary conditi Temperature 1 6 100 Volumetric conditions User C functions Vapor and air pressure solver information Solver Precision Maximum number of iterations Output Running options Vapor Pressure 1 14 100 Air Pressure 1 e 14 100 Ce gt Screenshot Figure 10 35 syrthes gui Window Control window for the humidity solver Information relative to the total pressure is presented depending on the option of a mod
27. conditions Exchange Description Boundary condition of Heat Exchange Keyword CLIM T COEF ECH T references Value Real Real Default T 20 0 Keyword CLIM_T_FCT COEF ECH h references Value 2 functions T z z t T et h z y z t T Default 20 0 Keyword CLIM_T_PROG COEF_ECH References Value user c user_limfso to program Default T 20 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 65 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 6 2 2 Flux tab Flux boundary condition The flux in W m must be input File Tools Preferences Help amp amp Bia Run SYRTHES StopSYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Heat exchange Flux condition Dirichlet condition Contact resistance Infinite radiation Conduction Initial conditions Flux condition W m Boundary conditions Physical properties Type Flux References User comments Volumetric conditions amp Constant Frise Constant User C functions Control Constant Ona fj Constant v Running options Constant v Screenshot Figure 10 8 syrthes gui Window Boundary conditions Flux gt Boundary conditions Flux Description Boundary condition of type Flux Keyword CLIM_T FLUX Flux references Value Real Default 0 CLIM_T_FCT FLUX Flux references Value function varphi z y z
28. conductivity of element i in the direction of yz with i 0 physol kaniso nelem in 3 dimensions only e Flux boundary condition flux vali jl i flux W m at node j of element i j 0 3 for 3 dimensional tetrahedrons and 7 0 2 for 2 dimensional triangles i 0 flux nelem i is thus the local number of the ith boundary face with flux e Heat exchange boundary condition echang vali jl il temperature echang val2 j i exchange coefficient 12 2 Functions of file user c The functions presented in this file are general and can be used regardless of the type of calcu lation 12 2 1 Reading a specific data file user read myfile This function enables additional data to be read in a file of any format The parameters are the following gt struct Myfile myfile of all information contained in the file 12 2 2 Writing additional variables in the result file user add var in file This function enables the calculations of specific fields and to record them in the result file These fields can thus be post treated in the same way as the principle variables temperature and possibly vapor pressure and total pressure Adimensionalization of certain variables is an example of one of the applications The parameters are the following struct Maillage maillnodes the mesh struct Cvol fluxvol the volumetric source terms struct Variable variable all the variables of the calculation Pv
29. defined following the axes x and y of the local point of reference of the solid then the angle of rotation around axis z In 3 dimensions the conductivity follows the axes x y and z of the local point of reference of the solid The conductivity is difined by the point of reference then the componements of the three axes of the local point of reference in the global reference point Figure 10 15 illustrates an example of the definition of anisotropic conductivity in the case of a disk The ellipsoides indicate the type of heat propogation relative to the definition of the conductivity In both cases the conductivity is 25 W mK in the first direction and 5 W mK in the second If the studied reference is aligned with the point of reference in the first case figure on the left 49 angle in contrast would be indicated around 2 in the second case CEN Figure 10 15 Anisotropic conductivity in 2 dimensions Accessibilit EDF Page 72 143 2012 DEDE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE gt Physical properties Anisotropic Type Constant Description Anisotropic c materials with properties defined by a constant Keyword 2D CPHY MAT ANISO 2D p ky ky 0 REFERENCES Keyword 3D CPHY ANISO 3D ky ky kz Ug Uy Uz Ur Vy Uz Wr Wy Wz REFERENCES Value 4 or 5 real gt 0 Default rho 7700 460 ky 25 ky 25 ky 25
30. elements gt NOMBRE DE VALEURS number of values of the variable to read Format 125 14 12 e llines thereafter the values of the variables with the format 16 9 16 9e 16 9e 16 9e 16 9e 16 9e A portion of a result file is presented below V4 2 3 24 OAH AA OKRA oo OK a A ooo a 2k 2k 2 4 24 24 x test SEO AOA ORK ORC AR 4 24 EE 2k 2k 2 4 24 2 NTSYR 200 TEMPS 2 00000000000000000 03 DT 1 00000000000000000 01 4 24 1 a 2k 2k 6 4 24 4 TEMPERATURE TYPE NB 1632 6 831441621 01 6 432582907e 01 6 141672959e 01 5 458769860e 01 5 360385316 01 5 285596152e 01 5 211090628e 01 5 210260576e 01 5 210201619e 01 5 914107062e 01 5 234869685e 01 5 210129368e 01 5 731541770e 01 5 210827404e 01 5 209428516e 01 5 582278873e 01 5 211661097e 01 5 209615136e 01 Example of result file containing several variables XXXSYRTHES V4 2 3 k 3434 OOOO OOOO CRI HRK kk kk EEE kkk 42 EEK NTSYR 20 TEMPS 2 00000000000000000e 03 xxxDT 1 00000000000000000e 02
31. elements volumetric balance results In both cases the list of the references must be input and SYRTHES will provide in return the fluxes on all of the cells or elements concerned by these references It is possible to define several groups of references for results of portions of boundaries or domains The results are provided in the listing in Watt File Tools Preferences Help Biz Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Probes Result fields Surface balance Volume balance Conduction Initial conditions References User comments Boundary conditions Physical properties Volumetric conditions Periodicity User C functions Control Running options WU Screenshot Figure 10 21 syrthes gui Window Output Surface balance tab File Tools Preferences Help Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES 6 Calculation Progress Home File Names Probes Result fields Surface balance Volume balance v Conduction cuc cR Initial conditions References Boundary conditions Physical properties M Volumetric conditions Periodicity M User C functions e Control im Running options User comments Screenshot Figure 10 22 syrthes gui Window Output Volume balance tab Accessibilit EDF Page 79 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Ver
32. examined for example the order of magnitude of the number of nodes of elements of faces submitted under this or that boundary condition etc Accessibilit EDF Page 122 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 These first verifications have several objectives e To verify the data has a condition been omitted do the references and type of conditions agree are the values of the boundary conditions exact e ensure the correlation between what was desired and what the code actually inter preted e To ensure that the initializations proceeded normally and that everything seems coherent The calculation procedure At each time step it is possible to have information on the convergence of the solver When searching for a steady state the number of iterations necessary for the solver to attain a given convergence tends to decrease with each time step the calculation proceeds normally The convergence of the solver If difficulties of convergence appear high number of iterations mediocre precision attained it is generally possible to improve the conditioning of the system by adopting a smaller time step In cases of transient state calculations it is important to obtain a good convergence from the solver at each time step If the precision attained by the solver is still not good enough around 1074 for example it might be necessary
33. illustrates a simplified example which was used for the modeling in 2D of two buildings the east fa ade of the tallest of which is covered with trees presence of shade cells Also noteworthy is the extension of the radiation mesh by horizon cells to calculate the radiative exchanges with the distant ground Accessibilit EDF Page 32 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Radiation mesh coupled to solid KP ETES me A x ai DE Shade cells Horizon cells Horizon cells Figure 4 4 Modeling of two buildings and a wall of trees Accessibilit EDF Page 33 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 34 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 5 Heat and mass transfer function and specificities Most of the thermal courses describe the 3 thermal transfer modes that are the conduction con vection and radiation But there is an another transfer mode often forgotten the enthalpic transfer connected to the transfers of mass fluid in movement transports its heat through the space This phenomenon is neither conduction nor the convection
34. in space Figure 3 8 illustrates how to handle a problem on a reduced domain by employing periodic boundary conditions of rotation Calculation domain Figure 3 8 Periodicity of rotation Note that it is possible to handle several directions of periodicity simultaneously up to 2 in 2D and 3 in 3D enabling very large plates having a repetitive pattern to be treated easily and exactly Detail of a large plate with a periodic pattern Figure 3 9 Application having periodicity in 2 directions simultaneously Accessibilit EDF Page 23 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 In the example seen in figure 3 10 the reduced calculation domain of the periodic pattern requires taking into account two directions of periodicity 2nd periodic direction 1st periodic direction Figure 3 10 Application of a periodic case in 2 simultaneous directions 3 1 6 Volumetric source terms Sometimes certain physical mechanisms lead to the appearance of heat within the solid itself This is typically the case for metallic bodies submitted to electromagnetic phenomena The resulting Joule effect can be modeled by a volumetric flux With SYRTHES source terms or volumetric flux can be imposed on the elements in all or part of the domain They can be variable in space and time The simple case of a constant volumetric flux on a well identi
35. is in fact related to the internal energy of the body The higher the internal energy the higher the electromagnetic agitation which is accompanied by the emission of ultra relativistic elementary particles Inversely the energy transmitted as electromagnetic radiation excites the electrons in the medium thereby increasing the systems internal energy This mode of heat transfer is quite different from that of convection or conduction Indeed there is no need for a support medium Instead of a simple flux vector as in the case of conduction the radiative flux corresponds to the total of radiation emitting from all directions in space This leads to an integral formulation When the three heat transfer modes convection conduction and radiation are coupled together the resolution of an integro differential equation is often very difficult In an enclosure complex radiation heat exchanges are present when radiation leaves one cell to attain a position in space where it is partially reflected and emitted multiple times Fortunately in numerous situations approximations can simplify the problem while remaining rigorous The choices as well as the restrictions of the radiation model in SYRTHES are presented below e treatment is limited to heat radiation in transparent medium that is to say radiation exchanges from surface to surface e the solid bodies are considered to be opaque e the solid bodies have a diffused behavior e the so
36. large volume of data for the calculation absolutely neces sitates the use of eficient pre and post processors The mesh of finite elements of the solid domain can be done with any mesh generator the structures of the data issued from the mesher must be compatible with those accepted by SYRTHES Currently SYRTHES includes a conversion tool convert2syrthes4 which automatically recog nizes files formatted in GAMBIT GMSH IDEAS MS Salom SIMAIL convert2syrthes4 con version of a mesh file to SYRTHES format convert2syrthes4 m geo xxx r geo syr gt geo xrr name of mesh file neu msh unv med des gt geo syr name of mesh file converted to SYRTHES format if the name is not provided it will automatically be named geo syr The use of all other mesh generators is possible on the condition that they are compatible with the SYRTHES format see the format of files in Appendix A 7 3 Visualize SYRTHES results Whatever the option retained SYRTHES always provides a result file containing the value of temperature at each mesh node Utility programs transform these results into SYRTHES format in a data base compatible with diverse post processors The format of SYRTHES result files are given in Appendix A Accessibilit EDF Page 45 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 7 3 1 Conversion of SYRTHES results to Ensightformat
37. list of nodes belonging to the element format for tetrahedrons 7 1017417101710171017101 format for triangles 410174174101741014101 Rubric for the connectivity of the boundary mesh e line 1 C e line 2 C RUBRIQUE BOUNDARY ELEMENTS e line 3 C e lines 4 to 3 nombre of boundary elements NUM NUMREF LIST OF NODES gt NUM number of the element gt NUMREF reference number of the element gt LIST OF NODES list of nodes belonging to the element format for triangles 101 41 101 101 101 format for segments 101 41 1017101 Example of a geometric file CAVA 2 C FICHIER GEOMETRIQUE SYRTHES C C DIMENSION 2 DIMENSION DES ELTS 2 C NOMBRE DE NOEUDS 1632 C NOMBRE D ELEMENTS 2904 Accessibilit EDF Page 128 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE C NOMBRE D ELEMENTS DE BORD 360 C NOMBRE DE NOEUDS PAR ELEMENT 3 C RUBRIQUE NOEUDS 1 0 1 0000001 02 1 2600000E 00 0 0000000 00 2 2 1 6210891 02 1 2600000E 00 0 0000000E 00 3 3 2 2919025E 02 1 2600000E 00 0 0000000 00 1631 11 6 2373497E 02 1 69
38. mesh are contained in the maillnodes maillnodes ndim dimension of the case in study 2 or 3 maillnodes nelem number of elements of the mesh maillnodes npoin number of nodes of the mesh Accessibilit EDF Page 105 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 maillnodes coords j i coordinate j j 0 for x j 1 for y j 2 for 2 of the node i i 0 maillnodes npoin maillnodes nodes jl i node j of element i j 0 3 for a tetrahedron in dimensions and 7 0 2 for a triangle in 2 dimensions 2 i 0 maillnodes nelem maillnodes nrefe i reference of element i i 0 maillnodes nelem e The variables of the calculations are calculated at each node t i temperature of node i i 0 maillnodes npoin pv i vapor pressure of node i i 0 maillnodes npoin pt i total pressure of node i i 0 maillnodes npoin e The physical properties are defined in each element physol rho i density of element i i 0 physol nelem note that physol nelem maillnodes nelem physol cp i heat capacity of element i i 0 physol nelem note that physol nelem maillnodes nelem e The isotropic conductivity is defined for the list of elements having a conductivity of this type Thus physol kiso k i the isotropic thermal conductivity of el
39. nor radiation It is the fourth phenomenon of thermal transfer In its most classical applications the thermal analysis of buildings envelopes ignores totally this phenomenon The materials which constitute them are considered as purely conductive and completely characterized by their thermal conductivity even if we know that for many of them radiation in semi transparent media contributes widely to the thermal exchange At the boundaries on the interface between the components of envelope and the atmospheres the exchanges are represented as a simple mixe of convection and linearized infrared radiation Nevertheless most of the materials which make up buildings envelopes are porous The transfers of mass can thus occur there Besides the most insulating materials are also the most porous thus potentially the most permeable So the maximum transfers of mass high permeability correspond to the minimum transfers of heat low thermal conductivity From then on for the extremely successful components from standard thermal point of view those for whom the heat flux are the most low it seems essential to examine more in detail the impact of the mass transfers on the heat transfer To reach there it is necessary to handle the heat flux question which allows to determine the main factors influencing the thermal performance of these components At this stage it is necessary to use numerical taking into account heat and mass transfers 5 1 Phy
40. t T Default 0 Keyword CLIM T PROG FLUX references Value user c user_limfso to program Default 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 66 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 6 2 3 Dirichlet tab Dirichlet boundary condition An imposed temperature in Cmust be input here File Tools Preferences Help RUE Home File Names v Conduction Initial conditions Dirichlet condition Deg C Boundary conditions Physical properties Running options Constant Volumetric conditions Ej Constant fous 6 Constant User C functions Control Cj Constant Constant Screenshot Type Dirichlet T References User comments oo Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Heat exchange Flux condition Dirichlet condition Contact resistance Infinite radiation Figure 10 9 syrthes gui Window Boundary conditions Dirichlet gt Boundary conditions Dirichlet Description Boundary condition of type imposed temperature Keyword CLIM_T DIRICHLET temperature references Value Real Default 0 Keyword CLIM_T_FCT DIRICHLET T z y z t T References Value function Default 0 Keyword CLIM T PROG DIRICHLET references Value user c user_limfso to program Default 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 67 143
41. t maillnodes npoin temperature at each solid node struct Cvol fluxvol volumetric source term result of the function struct Meteo meteo data concerning the weather when necessary struct Myfile myfile personal file when necessary 12 3 5 Contact resistance user resscon struct PasDeTemps pasdetemps all the information relative to time management The laws of complex variation for contact resistances can be defined in this function tempss physical current time seconds struct Maillage maillnodes mesh struct Maillage maillnodeus boundary mesh t maillnodes npoin the temperature at each solid node tcor maillnodes npoin the temperature of the node face to face struct Contact rescon resistance de contact result of the function struct SDparall sdparall for the management of parallel computations 12 4 Functions for file user ray c struct PasDeTemps pasdetemps all the information relative to time management The programming of parameters relative to the resolution of a study concerning radiation is dealt with in this file 12 4 1 Function user ray As seen in preceding chapters the physical properties and boundary conditions for radiation are generally provided in the interface and are indicated in the data file syrthes data Nevertheless in certain complex cases it is sometimes necessary to vary the coefficients relative to the particular law or to the tabulations In this case it is po
42. the matrix of conductivity relative to the point of reference is known for the material in question Nevertheless the user function user cond c user cphyso can program the most general possible behavior However use of this model necessitates more significant IT resources in terms of memory and higher calculation costs making the distinction between the different behaviors interesting 3 1 4 Initial conditions The temperature of the solid must be set at an initial time t which is generally taken as the point of origin This distribution of the temperature can be continuous or discontinuous but physically considering the regularizing nature of the diffusion operator a continuous distribution appears rapidly Most often the initial temperature is considered as constant throughout the domain To facili tate the introduction of this data a keyword allows a constant value to be imposed on the entire domain or on the defined sub domains with the assistance of the numbers of the materials In the most complex cases where the initial temperature can be defined with the aid of functions on the domain or sub domains it is also possible to define them in the data file via the interpreted interface functions 9 As a last resort if the treated case requires a very specific initial condition the user function user cond c user initmp designed for this purpose can be used Details concerning the use of keywords and the user function c
43. vz in degree r comme User C functions 1 Control Output m i i Running options C mms gt Screenshot Figure 10 27 syrthes gui Window Definitions of periodicity and symmetry planes for radiation The maximum number of symmetries in 2D is 2 and in 3D is 3 The real coefficients defining the symmetry planes must be input D Symmetry 2D Description Coefficients of the symmetry plane ax by c 0 in 2D Keyword RAYT SYMETRIE 2D ABC Value real real real Default NO DEFAULT VALUE Accessibilit EDF Page 83 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 D Symmetry in 3D Description Coefficients of the symmetry plane ax by cz d 0 in 2D Keyword RAYT SYMETRIE3DABCD Value real real real real Default NO DEFAULT VALUE For the periodicity the requirements for the closing of the space are the same The periodicity in 2D and in 3D is input differently In 2D simply an invariant point and an angle of rotation are input The indicated angle must equal 360 when multiplied by a whole number The maximum number of periodicity is 1 in 2D The input data in 3D are an invariant point a direction vector corresponding to the norm normale of the plane considered and the angle of rotation expressed in degrees The indicated angle must equal 360 when multiplied by a whole number The maxi
44. with the same post processor The additional result files can contain e node fields e element fields e node fields and element fields 13 1 2 Principle At any time a complementary variable can be calculated from the data available in the code This variable is stored in a table which can be used by calling up the recorded function of this variable in the additional file The writing frequency of the additional results is identical to the writing frequency of the historical output Accessibilit EDF Page 113 143 EDF 2012 2 x User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 13 1 3 How to write variables in an additional file The variable can be written in the additional file at any place in the code To visualize the variable on the mesh the variable must be calculated on all of the nodes or elements of the mesh For a variable on the nodes there are thus maillnodes npoin values and for a value on the elements there are thus maillnodes nelem values 1 In the source of the code the variable is calculated and stored in a work table for example trav proportional to the number of nodes or elements depending on the nature of the new variable 2 Call the functions if ecraddfile add var in file int nb_val double trav char name int type with if ecraddfile test if it is the moment to record the variable in the file nb val number of values to write
45. 000 02 9 926858975 01 0 000000000e 00 0 000000000e 00 0 000000000e 00 0 0 186703 1 000000000 02 5 000000000 01 4 000000000 01 2 000000000e 01 1 000000000e 01 72596 1 000000000 02 5 000000000 01 4 000000000 01 2 000000000 01 1 000000000 01 18220 1 000000000 02 1 174418736 00 2 683000000 01 8 690000000e 03 9 090000000 03 166272 1 000000000 02 1 170485122 00 8 511000000e 03 8 690000000e 03 9 090000000e 03 88507 2 000000000 02 6 287605434 00 0 000000000 00 0 000000000 00 0 000000000 00 186703 2 000000000 02 5 000000000 01 4 000000000e 01 2 000000000e 01 1 000000000e 01 72596 2 000000000e 02 5 000000000e 01 4 000000000 01 2 000000000 01 1 000000000 01 18220 2 000000000 02 7 194522600 00 2 683000000 01 8 690000000 03 9 090000000 03 166272 2 000000000 02 6 635236144 00 8 511000000 03 8 690000000e 03 9 090000000e 03 88507 3 000000000 02 1 274094847 01 0 000000000 00 0 000000000 00 0 000000000 00 186703 3 000000000 02 5 000000000 01 4 000000000 01 2 000000000e 01 1 000000000e 01 72596 3 000000000 02 5 000000000 01 4 000000000 01 2 000000000 01 1 000000000 01 18220 3 000000000 02 1 462179880 01 2 683000000 01 8 690000000 03 9 090000000 03 166272 3 000000000 02 1 310238010 01 8 511000000e 03 8 690000000e 03 9 090000000e 03 88507 4 000000000e 02 1 883960243
46. 012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 3 Home window The home window appears at the startup of the interface File Tools Preferences Help 5 File Names gt Conduction User description of the case User C functions Control YR H ES Run SYRTHES StopSYRTHES 62 Calculation Progress Case title Output Running options V 4 0 0 Dimension of the problem 30 Additional physical modelling Thermal radiation _ Humidity Heat and moisture transfer v Conjugate Heat Transfer Screenshot Figure 10 4 syrthes gui Window Home The following data must be provided gt Case title Description It is possible to entitle the study here Keyword TITRE ETUDE Value String of characters Default gt User description of the case Description It is possible to add comment for the description of the study here Keyword non applicable Value Default gt Dimension o f the problem Description Definition of the dimension of the study which can be in 3 dimensions 3D 2 dimensions Keyword DIMENSION DU PROBLEME Value 2D_CART 2D AXI or 2D AXI OY or Default 3D Finally it is possible to activate the different physical models in SYRTHES Accessibilit EDF Page 57 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE
47. 12 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 11 Data for heat and mass transfers 11 1 Data in the file syrthes data syd 11 11 11 General data e Activation of the model of coupled heat transfer 2 for the model with 2 equations 3 for the model with 3 equations In the current version only the model with 3 equations is available 11 1 2 Manage the precision of the solvers The precision of the solver can be defined independently for each of the variables The advised values are e 10 for the temperature e 1076 for the vapor pressure e 10 4 for the total pressure 11 1 3 Definition of materials The properties of materials are defined on the elements The different materials present in the domain are defined by the colors of the elements The different materials are identified by their names which were defined in the include file hmt libmat h 11 1 4 Boundary conditions Only the heat exchange conditions are available For each variable the heat exchange coefficient and the value of the exterior variable is set The boundary conditions are imposed on the boundary faces 11 2 Materials library 11 2 1 Data structure e Humid This structure contains the model used for the resolution model with 2 or 3 equations and a table which indicates the number of the material of each element of the mesh Accessibilit EDF Page 101 143 EDF 2012
48. 2D or as radiation elements in 3D Figure 3 5 Segments used by SYRTHES as radiation elements in 2D 3 1 3 Materials handled All bodies transfer heat Nevertheless their conductive behavior can vary considerably from one material to another It is necessary therefore to differentiate the materials which impact the problem Sometimes their behavior even becomes dependent in a continuous fashion on the space for example in cases where their characteristics depend on local variables Often it is the local temperature which modifies the characteristics of the material In this case the equation 2 1 will become necessarily non linear but the variation of the characteristics defining the Accessibilit EDF Page 18 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 material is most of the time slow in time Thus the characteristics corresponding to the local temperature of the preceding time step can be used Density heat capacity and conductivity are among the properties which define a conductive environment For example p rho z y z t T e Cp Cp Y 2 t T e k A La T ea These properties are defined simply by keywords if they are constant or if they are expressed as a function In the most complex cases a user function cphyso c is available to define for each element of the domain these different properties For mod
49. 34443E 00 0 0000000 00 1632 11 3 1358525E 02 1 6983566E 00 0 0000000 00 RUBRIQUE ELEMENTS 1 1 464 459 457 2 1 464 457 443 3 1 463 455 461 2903 4 1439 1440 1455 2904 4 1455 1440 1456 RUBRIQUE ELEMENTS DE BORD 1 12 1457 1577 2 12 1577 1578 3 12 1578 1579 359 11 1455 1454 360 11 1456 1455 2 Result files file res The final result files constitute at minimum the temperature field at the mesh nodes In certain cases they can be completed by other variables such as vapor pressure or total pressure They are provided in the result file file res The file is composed of a heading followed by tables of the values of each variable in all of the nodes or elements of the domain line 1 comments line 2 title of calculation line 3 comments line 4 NDPT TEMPS DT gt NDPT number of the current time step gt TEMPS current physical time seconds gt DT value of the time step of the calculation seconds Format NTSYR 12d TEMPS 425 17e DT 425 17 e line 8 comments Then for each result variable the following group appears e ligne 1 NOM VARIABLE TYPE NOMBRE DE VALEURS Accessibilit EDF Page 129 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt NOM VARIABLE name of the variable gt TYPE 3 if the variable is situated on the nodes of the mesh 2 if it is on the
50. 4 2 Version 1 0 In certain cases certain conditions may not want to be taken into consideration without deleting them from the file to reactivate them later In this case the y must simply be deactivated at the beginning of the line the condition will be written in the user comments section of the data file and will not be taken into consideration for the calculation An example is seen in figure 10 3 for reference 2 the initial temperature of 28 was deactivated and recorded in the above line as 23 C reference 2 is seen in the comments as low temperature zone File Tools Preferences Help Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES x Calculation Progress Lj amp 3 E uu Home File Names Initial temperature Deg C v Conduction Type Temperature References Initial conditions FE Boundary conditions Constant v 23 3512 Physical properties O Constant 28 2 Volumetric conditions Periodicity Function y 23 5 z 4 User C functions Program wi 13 Control Output Constant v Running options Ej Constant Ej Constant v User comments Low temperature zone Superior zone zone de variation Interpolated temperature in a table Screenshot Figure 10 3 syrthes gui Window example with partial deactivation of conditions The input of data will now be described by using the syrthes guiinterface windows Accessibilit EDF Page 56 143 2
51. D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Contents AVERTISSEMENT WARNING 4e 2 GE Yo HR 4E ee px Ug 3 Executive DUMA 222224222225 2555 tale ah Ron da ets 4 1 Introduction 11 2 Some information concerning this document 13 21 For whom is this manual written s oi cacep 0 8 aie bia da RO RS RR 13 22 of the ANAL 22252522 vem ERES aire 13 2 3 How complete is this manual 14 3 Thermal conduction functions and specificities 15 dl Thermal SOMME son soos sn cR A Heu 15 Sl Simulated phenomena i223 4 4 soaa ba ve eRe RR Ro Re e a 15 1 2 Geometrical aspects so 4 sos soaa o Eee ae RE ge du 16 3 1 2 1 Cartesian bidimensional simulations 16 3 1 2 2 Axisymmetrical bidimensional simulations 17 3 1 2 3 Tridimensional simulations 17 3 1 2 4 List of the finite elements accepted by SYRTHES 18 31 3 Materials handled 124 poca aus Mana ds AR eue 3 18 3 1 3 1 Materials with isotropic behavior 19 102 Orthotrapic Properties 22252259 RE UR UR 19 3 1 3 3 Anisotropic properties es sewoe aa t roa e 20 31 4 conditions lt o o om saci mioa anp Rte ee a e 21 So Bound ry conditions pi Beara eee ee ea aes 21 Volumiet
52. D of the mesh The solid mesh being unstructured SYRTHES requires necessary information a table of node coordinates the connectivity of the volumetric mesh and the connectivity of the boundary mesh The mesh must be composed exclusively of the following e 3 node triangles in two dimensions triangles with straight sides and 2 node edges for the boundary e 4 node tetrahedrons in three dimensions tetrahedrons with planar surfaces and 3 node triangle for the boundary 8 1 2 Radiation mesh When the thermal radiation calculation is activated a second mesh must be provided to SYRTHES which is also unstructured SYRTHES requires necessary information a table of node coordinates and the connectivity of the mesh with references of the elements The surfacic mesh is composed exclusively of the following e 2 node segments in two dimensions e 3 node triangles in three dimensions Note that the conduction and radiation meshes are totally independent and that it is absolutely not necessary that they are coincident conformal but they can be as well Accessibilit EDF Page 47 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 8 1 3 Formats of the mesh files SYRTHES 4 only authorizes one type of mesh the SYRTHES format This format is described the appendix To obtain a mesh in this format SYRTHES includes a file conversion tool This utility co
53. EEE EE MAILLAGE CONDUCTION Mesh sol syr MAILLAGE RAYONNEMENT FICHIER METEO PREFIXE DES FICHIERS RESULTATS resu1 PREFIXE DU RESULTAT PRECEDENT POUR SUITE DE CALCUL sleek 2k 24 k 2k k 3 2k 2 k 2k 2k k 2k k 2k 2 2k ak 2K 2k 2k 2k 2k 2k 2K 2k 2K K 2 k 24 2k k 2K k 24 2 2k ak 2K 2k 2k 2k 2k 2k 2K 2k 2K K GENERAL DATA LR ok ok ok SSH HER EEE RER TITRE ETUDE mon_cas 2D_CART ou 2D 0 ou 2D AXI OY ou 3D DIMENSION DU PROBLEME 3D SUNITE DE CALCUL NO SUITE NOUVEAU TEMPS INITIAL O Radiation ee ESENES E PRISE EN COMPTE DU RAYONNEMENT CONFINE NON Coupled transferts 0 2 or 3 MODELISATION DES TRANSFERTS D HUMIDITE 0 Time step PAS DE TEMPS SOLIDE 10 PAS DE TEMPS AUTOMATIQUE 1 10000 PAS DE TEMPS MULTIPLES 100 1 PAS DE TEMPS MULTIPLES 200 10 Accessibilit EDF Page 133 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE NOMBRE DE PAS DE TEMPS SOLIDES 1 Output PAS DES SORTIES CHRONO SOLIDE ITERATIONS 1 PAS DES SORTIES CHRONO SOLIDE SECONDE
54. Pt struct Prophy physol the physical properties Accessibilit EDF Page 107 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 12 2 3 Definition of a specific transformation of periodicity user_transfo_perio In the case of periodicity this function enables the definition of a complex transformation to shift from boundary 1 to boundary 2 The parameters are the following gt ndim dimension of the study 2 or 3 gt X y 2 coordinates of a node of boundary 1 gt xt yt zt coordinates of the node transposed to boundary 2 result of the function 12 3 Functions of the file user cond c The functions in this file enable the programming of the parameters relative to the resolution of a conductive problem 12 3 1 Initialization of the temperature user cini An initial temperature can be given to the solid in the function It can be variable in space The parameters are the following struct Maillage maillnodes the mesh t maillnodes npoin temperature at each solid node result of the function struct Meteo meteo data concerning the weather when necessary struct Myfile myfile personal file when necessary 12 3 2 Physical characteristics user cphyso struct PasDeTemps pasdetemps all the information relative to time management This function enables the definition of the laws of variation of the physical p
55. S 1 2 INSTANTS SORTIES CHRONO SOLIDE SECONDES 1 2 5 2 9 3 CHAMP DE TEMPERATURES MAXIMALES NON Numerical choice NOMBRE ITERATIONS SOLVEUR TEMPERATURE 100 PRECISION POUR LE SOLVEUR TEMPERATURE 1 E 5 NOMBRE ITERATIONS SOLVEUR PRESSION VAPEUR 100 PRECISION POUR LE SOLVEUR PRESSION VAPEUR 1 6 NOMBRE ITERATIONS SOLVEUR PRESSION TOTALE 100 PRECISION POUR LE SOLVEUR PRESSION TOTALE 1 E 14 kak ak ak ak k ak ak ak ak 3k k ak 3k aK ak 3K K ak 3K ak ak 3K ak a 3K aK ak 3K ak 3K 3K ak 3K 3K ak 3K 3K ak 3K 3K a 3K IGRI CONDUCTION k k ak ak k ak ak ak ak 3k k ak 3K k ak 3K K ak 3k aK ak 3K ak a 3K ak ak 3K ak 3K 3K ak 3K 3K ak 3K 3K ak 3K 3K a 3K EEE EEK K kak k ak ak k ak ak ak ak 3k HER 3K aK ak EE EE paaa E kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk kk kkk kkk kkk Kk kK the variables which can be used in the functions are the following tt gt current physical time s x y 2 gt coordinates of the center of gravity of the element T gt temperature of the element PV gt vapor pressure of the element PT gt total pressure of the element DORR ak k ak ak ak ak Input of initial conditions keyword value list of references 20 i CINI_T_FCT 20 T 2 on
56. SYRTHES 4 2 User Manual I Rupp C Peniguel 2014 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 AVERTISSEMENT WARNING L acc s ce document ainsi que son utilisation sont strictement limit s aux personnes ex press ment habilit es par EDF EDF ne pourra tre tenu responsable au titre d une action en responsabilit contractuelle en responsabilit d lictuelle ou de tout autre action de tout dommage direct ou indirect ou de quelque nature quil soit ou de tout pr judice notamment de nature financier ou commercial r sultant de l utilisation d une quelconque information contenue dans ce document Les donn es et informations contenues dans ce document sont fournies en l tat sans aucune garantie expresse ou tacite de quelque nature que ce soit Toute modification reproduction extraction d l ments r utilisation de tout ou partie de ce document sans autorisation pr alable crite d EDF ainsi que toute diffusion externe EDF du pr sent document ou des informations qu il contient est strictement interdite sous peine de sanc tions The access to this document and its use are strictly limited to the persons expressly authorized to do so by EDF EDF shall not be deemed liable as a consequence of any action for any direct or indirect damage including among others commercial or financial loss arising from the use of any information contained in this document Th
57. SYRTHES calculates the mini mum and maximum of a certain number of variables These values are saved in columns in the file flu heat balance file if the user requests it in the data file it is possible to calculate the surfacic heat balance and or the volumetric heat balance at each time step The values are displayed in the listing file but also in this file which can later be used to trace curves add additional file This file is optional It enables the user to save certain variables or parameters in the file which can then be visualized in the post processor The structure of this file is identical to that of a traditional result file Parameters calculated on the mesh nodes as well as parameters calculated on the elements can be saved here Thermal radiation in the calculations does not generate results in themselves because they are interpreted by the modification of the temperature field in the solid It is thus the traditional SYRTHES result files which handle the coupling of conduction radiation phenomena Nevertheless it is interesting to have access to certain parameters directly linked to radiation Thus it is possible to request the code to generate certain results directly on the radiation mesh As for solids three files are available e rad res a result file which contains the temperature and the radiation flux per band e rad rdt a chronological file which contains the temperature and the radiation flux per band b
58. T X 13 CVOL_PT_PROG 13 Definition physical conditions SYRTHES conduction a a a E E E SE E Accessibilit EDF Page 135 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 keyword type value List of references CPHY MAT IS0 rho cp k ref CPHY MAT ORTHO 2D rho cp kx ky ref CPHY MAT ORTHO 3D rho cp kx ky kz ref CPHY MAT ANISO 2D rho cp kx ky alpha ref CPHY MAT ANISO 3D rho cp kx ky kz axei 3 reals axe2 3 reals axe3 3 reals ref MAT ISO rho cp k ref CPHY_MAT_ORTHO_2D_FCT rho cp kx ky ref CPHY_MAT_ORTHO_3D_FCT rho cp kx ky kz ref CPHY_MAT_ANISO_2D_FCT rho cp kx ky alpha ref CPHY_MAT_ANISO_3D_FCT rho cp kx ky kz axei 3 reals axe2 3 reals axe3 3 reals ref MAT ISO PROG ref CPHY ORTHO 2D PROG ref CPHY MAT ORTHO 3D PROG ref CPHY MAT 50 2D PROG ref CPHY MAT ANISO 3D PROG ref CPHY K ANISOTROPE 2D Kxy ref CPHY K ANISOTROPE 2D 25 5 45 1 CPHY K ANISOTROPE 3D Kxyz axel axe2 axe3 ref CPHY K_ANISOTROPE_3D 25 25 5 1 0 0 0 1 0 O 0 1 1 History
59. UR LE SOLVEUR PRESSION DE VAPEUR Value real 0 Default 10715 Keyword PRECISION POUR LE SOLVEUR PRESSION TOTALE Value real gt 0 Default 10714 10 9 2 Window Humidity Inital conditions This window corresponds to temperature vapor pressure PV and optionally to the quantity PT when the humidity model with three equations is activated For each variable of the system the different values must be input The first column shows the type of boundary conditions which can be adopted for the values e Constant e Function e Program The second column is for the variable on which this initial condition will be applied The third column corresponds to the list of references of the elements on which this initial condition will be applied Note that the values are imposed on the elements for ergonomic reasons but are then assigned to the nodes of the mesh in a continuous field At the interface of two adjacent domains the last condition encountered will delete the first In the configuration where the user sub program user hmt c has been selected the initial conditions are imposed the nodes of the finite element mesh Accessibilit EDF Page 92 143 EDF 2012 Running options EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE File Tools Preferences Help 5 amp Bie Run SYRTHES gt Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Setting of initial c
60. a s Wmi Titre massique du gaz i 2 E 0 Notation g n rique pour une masse volumique kg m Pas Masse volumique partielle de l air sec kg m Masse volumique de l eau liquide kg m Ps Masse volumique du mat riau sec kg m Masse volumique partielle de la vapeur d eau kg m Pt Masse volumique totale d un gaz kg m TU Taux d humidit masse d eau par unit de volume de milieu poreux kg m Accessibilit EDF Page 38 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 6 Coupling with a thermal hydraulic code To understand multi physical phenomena SYRTHES can be used in association with a thermal hydraulic code This will enable a better comprehension of the boundary conditions for the fluid or for the solid When doing a numerical simulation of a phenomenon it is necessary to model and solve the phenomenon inside the concerned domain and also to take into consideration the boundary conditions at the interface Most of the time boundary conditions of a solid are relatively unknown or are very difficult to understand Taking into account the fluid domain can in many cases eliminate this difficulty or at least reduce it significantly For example when a pipe is thermally insulated imposing an adiabatic zero flux condition on the exterior surface is quite rigorous On the contrary if the material is thick or if a transient t
61. age from boundary 1 to boundary 2 then the list of references for boundary 1 followed by the list of references for boundary 2 In the case where the data file syrthes data is filled directly note that the two lists must be separated by a 1 Either of the two boundaries can be named boundary 1 or boundary 2 for the definition of the periodic frontiers The denomination is not imposed and it is the definition of the translation vactor which must be coherent with the choice that was made Thus in the below example it is the right boundary that was chosen to be named boundary 1 the translation vector will consequently be negative It is during the definition of the list of references the nodes belonging to boundary 1 and boundary must be implicitly defined Accessibilit EDF Page 74 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 File Tools Preferences Help amp File Names Conduction Initial conditions Boundary conditions Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES 6 Calculation Progress Periodicity of translation Periodicity of rotation Periodicity of translation PETITES Vx Vy vz Face Group 1 Face Group 2 User comments Volumetric conditions I User C functions lle Control Output Running options Screenshot C Figure 10 17 syrthes gui Window Periodicity Periodicity of trans
62. al configurations has given way to specific developments which have enabled the reconstruction of a three dimensional mesh for the calculation of view factors A quick and efficient method is available which takes advantage of asymmetrical approximation In certain applications the domain of calculation can be advantageously reduced by taking sym metries or periodic conditions into consideration The radiation module can deal with multiple symmetries up to 2 in 2D and 3 in 3D However the virtually reconstructed domain must be closed In particular two symmetrical planes facing each other are not authorized because in that case the domain would reproduce itself infinitely Symmetry C Symmetry i Symmetry Symmetry j Authorized Non Authorized Figure 4 1 Symmetries for radiation For periodicity only periodicity of rotation is authorized the only one leading to a closed domain The 36 of the overall structure can only be divided by an integer Thus 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 of the complete domain can be modeled Complete domain Simulation on 1 8 Figure 4 2 Periodicity for radiation 4 5 Physical properties SYRTHES can handle heat radiation for solid gray bodies by bands Several spectral bands can thus be defined and the spectral emissivity can be given for each of them Emissivity can also vary with space temperature etc 4 6 Boundary conditions For radiation the natural condition
63. an be found in chapters 8 and 12 3 1 5 Boundary conditions In order to completely describe the problem and to resolve it numerically different conditions affecting the domain boundaries must be defined SYRTHES boundary conditions are quite classic They are outlined in this paragraph The boundary conditions can be of several types Dirichlet imposed temperature value It is considered that at the boundary the temperature is constant or variable relative to time and space but in a continuous manner It is a condition relatively simple to introduce even if it often constitutes an approximation Indeed from an experimental point of view even in the laboratory imposing temperature of a surface is extremely difficult This condition is imposed on the boundary faces of the domain the code automatically transcribes it internally on the corresponding nodes Accessibilit EDF Page 21 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The imposed temperature value can be set on all or part of the boundary The correspond ing can be identified by referencing them in the mesh generator Similarly if the Dirichlet condition can be expressed as a function the function can also be input in the data file 9 If however the case is more complex the user function user cond c user limfso can be used see chapter 12 for instructions flux Another very comm
64. and other variables in the case of coupled transfers may be required at different moments of the transient This option will thus activate the recording of the intermediary results in the transient file Accessibilit EDF Page 76 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 rdt different ways The frequency of the recording of these intermediary results can be done in three e by setting an iteration frequency a whole n must be defined and the recording will be executed every n time steps e by setting a frequency in seconds a real dt must be defined and the recording will be executed every dt seconds e by setting a list of instants in seconds for which recorded results are needed If an instant requested does not correspond to a time step the field is interpolated between instants n gt tlandn gt Description Keyword PAS DES SORTIES CHRONO SOLIDE ITERATIONS n Value integer gt 0 or 1 Default 1 gt Description Keyword PAS DES SORTIES CHRONO SOLIDE SECONDES dt Value real gt 0 Default gt Description Keyword INSTANTS SORTIES CHRONO SOLIDE SECONDES t to t3 Value List of real gt 0 and ascending coordinates Default 10 7 2 Field of maximum temperatures During a calculation the maximum temperature attained in each node of the mesh may be required The field obtain
65. ar radiation to the surface from a receptor oriented in any way I coshsinicos a y sinh cosi with e h height of the sun e a azimuth e i angle of the surface receptor relative to the horizontal e angle of surface receptor relative to the south For diffused radiation it is possible to define that which is received by a horizontal surface IoC sin h 0 271 0 2939A exp sin And then the diffused radiation received by surface of any orientation 1 cos 1 cosi Pa 2 al 2 sinh Accessibilit EDF Page 31 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 4 7 2 Shade In SYRTHES solar radiation is calculated exactly relative to the geometry which is modeled In the case for example of the modeling of a group of buildings SYRTHES automatically calculates the shade of the buildings relative to one another and to the relative position of the sun In certain configurations obstacles appear that may not need to be calculated thermally but which create partial and diffused shade for the zones of interest vegetation particularly trees is a typical example In this case SYRTHES includes an option to define the faces of radiation which do not interact with the model of conduction but which generate shade by allowing only a part of the solar radiation to pass This model can b
66. ation Progress Volumetric Source term aT b W m Type Constant Coefa Coefb References User comments Constant Constant Constant Constant Constant Screenshot Figure 10 16 syrthes gui Window Volumetric conditions Accessibilit EDF Page 73 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt Volumetric conditions Type Constant Description Definition of a constant Source Term Keyword CVOL T references Value real Default 0 gt Volumetric conditions Type Function Description Definition of a Source Term by an interface function fonction interpr t e Keyword CVOL_T_FCT references Value fonction f z y z t Default 0 Description Definition of a programmed Source Term Keyword CVOL T PROG references Value E Default 0 10 6 5 Window periodicity Paragraph 3 1 5 has details concerning the treatment of periodicity It is possible to define periodicity of translation and rotation It is also possible to define more than one periodicity In 2 dimensions up to 2 periodicities of translation of can be defined In 3 dimensions it is possible to have up to 3 periodicities of translation or one periodicity of translation one periodicity of rotation e translation In this case the translation of the vector Vz Vy Vz must be input enabling the pass
67. ation to be done one of the following functions is used e int min int parall int e int max int parall int e double min double parall double e double max double parall double Exemple if Vaux is the maximum on the local processor the maximum of all the processors will be determined by Vinax_giop Max double_parall Vnax Note If the calculation is run in serial Vmaz glob Vmax loc Will be obtained Accessibilit EDF Page 112 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 13 Result files The number of result files generated by SYRTHES depends on the options selected From the name of the prefix assigned in the data file for example resu1 all the result files with specific extensions will be created as seen as follows e resul res result file field of different variables at the end of the calculation e resul rdt transient result file field of different variables at different time steps e resul his history file for results at probes e resul mnz min max result file e resul add additional result file 13 1 Result files additionnal 13 1 1 Contents of additional files SYRTHES offers the possibility of writing the fields of complementary results The file name add which will be generated by SYRTHES is in the same format as the standard result file name res Thus it is possible to visualize it
68. b 71 10 6 4 Volumetric conditions window 73 10 6 5 Window 74 10 7 Management of code output Output window 76 10 7 1 Management of intermediary results 76 10 7 2 Field of maximum temperatures 77 10 7 3 Probes sopore dus S 95846559 des 77 10 7 4 Surface balance tab and Volume balance tabs 79 10 8 Parameters for radiation 80 10 8 1 Window Spectral parameters 80 10 8 2 Window View Factors a 24 ER RE RON 81 10 8 8 Window View Factors symmetry and periodicity 82 10 8 4 Window Material Radiation Properties 84 10 8 5 Window Boundary conditions 85 10 8 6 Window Boundary conditions imposed temperature 86 10 8 7 Window Boundary conditions Imposed Flux 87 10 8 8 Window Boundary conditions Problem with aperture 88 10 9 Parameters for models of humidity 89 10 9 1 Control window 90 10 9 2 Window Humidity Inital conditions 92 10 9 3 Window Humidity Material properties 94 10 9 4 Window Humidity Coupled Boundary Conditions 95 10 9 5 Window Humidity Volumetric source terms
69. bes in columns and can be visualized with any data plotting program Gnuplot Xmgrace Excel 14 5 a follow up calculation If the calculation is not finished convergence is not attained or transient to follow it is possible to proceed to the next calculation The new number of time steps to be done must be defined and the preceding result file res will be provided to SYRTHES The calculation will use this field as its initial field and will continue until the new stop criterion 14 6 Emergency stop of SYRTHES calculation In certain circumstances it is necessary to stop a calculation in progress prematurely conver gence state attained for example When using the SYRTHES graphic interface it is sufficient to click on stop at the top left of the window cf figure 14 6 If not it is possible to manually stop the execution code by creating in the SYRTHES execution directory an empty file named syrthes stop the code will stop at the end of the running time step and backup the result files of this time step When not using the SYRTHES graphic interface use the following command to prompt an emer gency stop touch syrthes stop Don t forget to remove the syrthes stop file before running again SYRTHES 14 7 Analysis of the results The data reduction of a calculation always starts with the analysis of the listing file From the very first trial of a new case information provided by the initialization phase must be
70. bles of this instant are found Below is an example of a weather file 3 0 20 5 1 300 22 5 5 Accessibilit EDF Page 48 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 600 24 5 3 900 23 6 2 1200 21 5 8 In this example the first line indicates that each line is composed of three variables After that on each line is given the time in seconds the exterior temperature and the wind velocity After having read the file the data are stored in the meteo structure of the Meteo type The number of lines in the chart is stored in the variable meteo nelem The following table summarizes the content of the weather file and provides the variables in which information is stored in SYRTHES This data can then be used in the different user functions 8 3 2 Example of use An example of the use of data provided in a weather data file is described below on the basis of the example presented above This represents only a fraction of the user function user limfso available in the file user cond c For this example a condition for heat exchange on the boundary of the domain is imposed The heat exchange coefficient is set at 10 W m K the exterior temperature is provided by the weather file In the data file syrthes_data syd a heat exchange condition is imposed on the boundary of reference 1 CLIM T PROG ECH 1 The function user_limfso o
71. ce in C L Screenshot Figure 10 32 syrthes gui Window Specification of a problem with aperture The corresponding keywords are the following gt Radiation problem with aperture Description Definition of a problem with aperture Keyword DOMAINE DE RAYONNEMENT CONFINE OUVERT SUR L EXTERIEUR Value NON or OUI Default NON If the first keyword is activated the keyword that can indicate the temperature of an equivalent black body representative of the exterior environment must be specified Accessibilit EDF Page 88 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt Temperature of an equivalent exterior black body Description Temperature of the exterior black body in degrees Keyword RAYT TEMPERATURE INFINI Value real gt 273 15 Default 20 10 9 Parameters for models of humidity This window appears only if the humidity option is activated in the Home interface window Activating this function will eliminate the possibility to acces a purely thermal modeling The humidity models being very complex and the characteristics of the physical evolutions of the materials being relatively laborious to define only a limited list of material is proposed via inter face rendering impossible the graphic input of the characteristics of the materials themselves For this reason despite the
72. ce axes material behavior is said to be orthotropic Accessibilit EDF Page 19 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Fibers of material aligned with the axes Figure 3 6 Example of material with orthotropic behavior Conductivity is then represented by a matrix such as the following kor 0 0 K 0 ky 0 0 0 kez In this matrix each coefficient krx for example remains variable in time space and can depend on all the accessible local parameters 3 1 3 3 Anisotropic properties The functions of the previous cases can be applied to anisotropic materials meaning when different conductive behaviors of a material cannot be aligned relative to the reference axes chosen for the calculation The following figure presents a structure whose behavior can be anisotropic Fibers of material not aligned with the axes Figure 3 7 Example of material with anisotropic behavior Accessibilit EDF Page 20 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The conductivity is thus represented by a matrix such as that below Key kzz K kyy kyz kzz Remark As the matrix is symmetrical and positive there is always a reference point in which it can be expressed diagonally This property is used to enter the data via the keywords when as is often the case
73. code will take this prefix and can then be distinguished by the extensions Warning if an existing prefix name is input the former results will be deleted by the new calculation Accessibilit EDF Page 62 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE gt Conduction mesh Description Name of the conduction mesh Keyword MAILLAGE CONDUCTION Value String of characters without spaces Default gt Radiation mesh Description Name of the radiation mesh file Keyword MAILLAGE RAYONNEMENT Value String of characters without spaces Default gt Restart file Description Name of the file for sequencial calculations Keyword PREFIXE DU RESULTAT PRECEDENT POUR SUITE DE CALCUL Value String of characters without spaces Default Weather dat Description Name of weather data file Keyword FICHIER METEO Value String of characters without spaces Default gt Results names prefix Description Prefixe that will be used for all the results files Keyword PREFIXE DES FICHIERS RESULTATS Value String of characters without spaces Default Accessibilit EDF Page 63 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 6 Parameters for conduction 10 6 1 Window Initial conditions Definition of the init
74. complexity of the underlying physical models the graphic interface of the programmed humidity models in Syrthes appears concise and simple Expanding the list of available materials over time is possible but demands advanced programming For this reason during the conception of SYRTHES such evolutions had been reserved to the specialists of the domain in collaboration with the designers of the code Note that two large selections of humidity models are possible The first corresponds to a model with two equations where the temperature and vapor pressure are resolved This choice will impact certain interface windows and the models programmed in SYRTHES File Tools Preferences Help amp Bi Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress File Names Case title Humidity i User description of the case Initial conditions Material properties YR H ES Coupled Boundary conditi Volumetric conditions V 4 0 0 User C functions Control Output Running options Dimension of the problem 2D cart Additional physical modelling Thermal radiation Ej Humidity Heat and moisture transfer Conjugate Heat Transfer l Screenshot Figure 10 33 syrthes gui Window Humidity option with 2 equations activated Accessibilit EDF Page 89 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The window in figu
75. cond mesh must be provided it is composed of 2 node 2 dimensional segments or of 3 node 3 dimensional triangles The format of the mesh is determind by the file name extension The formats currently taken into consideration are the following e GMSH msh e MED med SIMAIL des e GAMBIT neu e IDEAS MS unv e SYRTHES syr When the mesh is finished it must be converted into the SYRTHES format with the assistance of the tool convert2syrthes4 The parameters of this utility are the following gt convert2syrthes4 m source o destination syr or gt convert2syrthes4 m source In the second case the default file destination will be source syr Note When using the graphic interface to define the calculation parameters the conversion of the format is done automatically if the mesh file chosen is not already in the svRTHESformat 14 4 3 Step 3 Filling in the data file syrthes data syd Once in the my case directory the data file for SYRTHES must be created This file is generally named syrthes data syd It is created with the assistance of the SYRTHESuser interface which is run with the command gt syrthes gui Note that an example of pre filled data files can be found in the directory with all of the known keywords available in the code 14 4 4 Step 4 optional User functions In complex cases where the physical conditions of the calculation can be defined neither by con stants nor by interpreted fu
76. ction User C functions Control Output Running options Screenshot Stop SYRTHES 6 Calculation Progress Case title SYRIHES V 4 0 0 User description of the case Dimension of the problem 30 st Additional physical modelling C Thermal radiation Humidity Heat and moisture transfer Conjugate Heat Transfer Figure 14 2 syrthes gui Window SYRTHES user interface Different menus will drop down in the left side of the window to input the different parameters necessary for the calculation Generally the different rubrics are perused in order finishing by Running options Accessibilit EDF Page 116 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Once all of the input data have been defined the code can be run by clicking Run SYRTHES File Tools Preferences Help amp Home File Names gt Conduction User C functions Control Output Running options Scalar Parallel calculation number of processor used for conduction Scalar Parallel calculation number of processor used for radiation Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES 6 Calculation Progress Listing name listing Advanced options Domain partitioning automatic mesh partitioning using SCOTCH Convert result for softwares Ensight Paraview Scre
77. culation Progress Home File Names Initial temperature Deg C Conduction Type Temperature References User comments Initial conditions Boundary conditions Constant v Physical properties Constant v Volumetric conditions Periodicity Constant User C functions Constant 2 Screenshot Figure 10 1 syrthes gui Window Example of a table The definition of initial conditions will now be considered Accessibilit EDF Page 54 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The mesh was planned in consequence and contains different zones where the elements have different references Three types of conditions are possible e Constant the value of the condition is constant it is a real value In this case the value of the condition and the list of references of the elements of the mesh where it is applied must be provided and a comment can be added if desired e Function the value of the condition can be expressed in the form of an interface function jinterpr t e and can be written relative to the variables t time temperature y z spatial coordinates In this case it is necessary to provide the function which is expressed by using exclusively the variables cited t T x y z respect the upper and lower cases and the list of references of elements of the mesh where it is applied A comment ca
78. d a line include syr hmt libmat xxx c d To update the file syr_hmt_libmat h To update the total number of defined materials add 1 define MAT 7 To attribute a number to new material define MAT XXX 6 To add at the end of the list liste mat NB MAT a name for this new material explicit name without spaces It is this name that will be used in the data file syrthes data to identify the materials present in the case in progress To add the file include include syr hmt libmat xxx h For each of the functions to add the name of the function corresponding to the new material to the existing list 4 To add the new material to the material list in the graphical user interface to edit the file syr syr himt material tzt and simply add the name of your new material put the same name as you has used in the file syr syr hmt libmat h Warning 1 Don t modified the directory mylibmat src 2 File user hmt c must be in your study case New material will be taken into account automatically when running SYRTHES when using syrthes gui Run SYRTHES button or using the command line syrthes py 11 2 4 2 To use the new material in SYRTHES run In the SYRTHES data file the new material can be used as the other material The key words line HMT MAT MAT XXX 2 5 3 will set the new material on elements referenced 2 5 or 3 With syrthes gui to active the advanced mode Tools Advanced mode then to choose Adva
79. died In this case the steady state will be calculated first before the starting of the transient In this case a sequence of calculations will be executed but it will be equally possible to reset the physical time to start the transient to t 0 for example gt Restart calculation Description sequence of calculations it is necessary to later provide the result file of the first calculation as the input data Keyword SUITE DE CALCUL Value OUI or NON Default NON Accessibilit EDF Page 58 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 gt Setting a new restart time Description In the case of a sequence of calculations it is possible to redefine the physical start time adjustment for example Keyword SUITE NOUVEAU TEMPS INITIAL Value If real 0 no modification time restart is done according to time indicated on the next file Value If real gt 0 the physical time is reset to this value Default 1 Version 1 0 Management of time and of time steps The number of time steps is indicated in global way on the totality of the calculation Thus if 150 time steps have been done during the first calculation and that 200 more are needed during subsequent calculations the number of time steps to indicate will be 350 In this way the chronology of calculations can be conserved and the management of the se
80. e SYRTHES http rd edf com syrthes e Code Saturne http www code saturne org e Salom http www salome platform org Accessibilit EDF Page 141 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 142 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Bibliography Code_Saturne User Guide http www code saturne org Rupp I P niguel C SYRTHES Conduction et rayonnement thermique Manuel th orique de la version 3 3 Rapport EDF R amp D HI 83 01 039 A Rupp I P niguel C SYRTHES 4 0 Thermal Conduction and Radiation Validation Man ual http rd edf com syrthes SYRTHES Open Source Thermal code EDF http rd edf com syrthes Salome The Open Source Integration Platform for Numerical Simulation http www salome platform org MED Module Documentation http docs salome platform org salome 6 4 0 MED index html MPI The Message Passing Interface Standard http www mcs anl gov research projects mpi index htm P niguel Rupp I Couplage Thermique Fluide Solide Version 1 0 R solution des quations de la chaleur au sein d un solide en l ments finis Th orie M thodes Num riques Validation Rapport EDF DER HE 41 93 015 A 9 Berthou J Y Lefebvre V Guide de r f rence de la biblioth que d change
81. e considered as a geometric homogenization to represent the zones illuminated by the spectrum but by intermittence in much the same way as when the sun rays pass through leaves moving in the wind 4 7 3 Horizon When considering solar radiation it is necessary to model a domain sufficiently large so that the calculation of radiative fluxes are as realistic as possible Indeed taking once again the example of a group of buildings it is necessary to model the surface of the ground around the zone of interest sufficiently so that the heat exchanges between the buildings and the earth are correctly evaluated In fact a calculation domain that is too restricted will lead to fewer heat exchanges with the ground resulting with a probable over or under evaluation of temperature Thus from a thermal point of view the calculation of the temperature under the ground far from the buildings is not often interesting and would only serve to increase the size of the mesh in the case of conduction To avoid this difficulty SYRTHES includes horizon faces They only appear in the radiation mesh and are not coupled to the conduction mesh They do not participate in the heat transfer from face to face thus the radiation calculation is not rendered more complex but allow the definition of a ground temperature surrounding the domain and thus the calculation of radiation flux between the modeled surfaces and the distant ground 4 7 4 Example Figure 4 4
82. e numberof iterations When the resolution of the coupled transfers is activated similar criteria are used for the vapor pressure and total pressure variables Accessibilit EDF Page 60 143 2012 MFEE EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt Solver precision Description Precision requested to the iterative solver of the linear system for the resolution of conduction Keyword NOMBRE ITERATIONS SOLVEUR TEMPERATURE Value integer gt 0 Default 100 Keyword NOMBRE ITERATIONS SOLVEUR PRESSION DE VAPEUR Value integer gt 0 Default 100 Keyword NOMBRE ITERATIONS SOLVEUR PRESSION TOTALE Value integer gt 0 Default 100 D Maximum number of iterations Description maximum number of iterations authorized for the iterative solver of the linear system for the resolution of conduction Keyword PRECISION POUR LE SOLVEUR TEMPERATURE Value real gt 0 Default 1075 Keyword PRECISION POUR LE SOLVEUR PRESSION DE VAPEUR Value real gt 0 Default 1075 Keyword PRECISION POUR LE SOLVEUR PRESSION TOTALE Value real gt 0 Default 1075 10 5 Window File Names This window provides the names of the SYRTHES data and result files The first frame is dedicated to the data files e Conduction mesh It is necessary to input at least the name of the mesh for the resolution of the conduction Note tha
83. ed even minimally on the SYRTHES solid thermal code In cases of use when coupled with a thermal hydraulic code it is assumed that the user also has excellent knowledge of the latter Complete beginners are advised to have some training even if short on how to best deal with thermal problems using this tool If not the user can start by following the tutorial and doing the case studies which are provided in the distribution 2 2 Organization of the manual This manual has been divided into diverse chapters having different objectives The detailed table of contents at the beginning of the manual the index as well as the structure of the document are meant to facilitate the search and access of desired information The recapitulative tables in the appendix can also contribute to either directly answer user questions or to indicate where a more detailed explanation can be found Chapter 3 is very general with the objective of presenting the full potential of SYRTHES and to evoke some general principles used by the code designers Reading it can be useful for any inexperienced user or by users with questions concerning the adequacy between the possibilities offered by this version of the code and the problem they would like to treat In addition the second part of the chapter is important as it outlines certain conventions and methodologies which are used in SYRTHES Accessibilit EDF Page 13 143 OEDF 2012 EDF R am
84. ed here is not therefore physical but representative of the maximum temperature which was attained during the transient for each of the nodes It is possible then to verify that a criterion of maximum temperature was never passed during the transient D Maximum temperature field Description Keyword Value Default Maximum temperature fields ECRITURE DU CHAMP DE TEMPERATURES MAXIMALES DANS LE FICHIER DE RESULTATS OUI or NON NON 10 7 3 Probes tab In the case of large meshes it is sometimes difficult for reasons of disk space to save numer ous successive time steps Consequently it is particularly interesting to be able to follow the evolution of the temperature in a limited number of points on the one hand it can be possible Accessibilit EDF Page 77 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 to observe the temperature variations and other variables in the case of coupled transfers in strategic points of the domain and on the other hand to facilitate the appreciation of the con vergence of the calculations These points can for example correspond to numerical probes to follow the evolution of each time step probe is defined by its coordinates If this does not correspond to a node of the mesh the values of the variables will be interpolated to the coordinates of the probe The values
85. el with either two or three equations The requested precision as well as the maximum number of iter ations are found for each of the variables These two parameters have a direct influence on the CPU time of the calculation Imposing criteria which are too lax often leads to a divergence of the system with a behavior which is sometimes particularly non linear This is especially true for the Pv and PT variables the number of iterations changes after the first simulations depending on the convergence of the interative systems For the keywords file this information can be seen as the following form gt Solver precision Description Precision requested for the interative solver of the linear system for the resolution of conduction Keyword NOMBRE ITERATIONS SOLVEUR TEMPERATURE Value integer gt 0 Default 100 Keyword NOMBRE ITERATIONS SOLVEUR PRESSION DE VAPEUR Value integer gt 0 Default 100 Keyword NOMBRE ITERATIONS SOLVEUR PRESSION TOTALE Value integer gt 0 Default 100 Accessibilit EDF Page 91 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt Maximum number of iterations Description Maximum number of interations authorized for the interative solver of the linear system for the resolution of conduction Keyword PRECISION POUR LE SOLVEUR TEMPERATURE Value real 0 Default 10 7 Keyword PRECISION PO
86. eling the flux a fundamentally continuous quantity is linked to the local tempera ture gradient by the intermediary of the conductivity noted k Depending on the material this quantity is either a scalar or a matrix The following paragraphs examine the different possibilities that can occur 3 1 3 1 Materials with isotropic behavior This case is most frequently encountered It corresponds to a solid which when subjected to contact at one point diffuses this heat isotropically in space the isothermal heat contours form concentric circles in 2 dimensions and spheres in 3 dimensions This can be interpreted as a co linearity of flux and temperature gradient The expression of the flux is therefore expressed by the classic Fourier Law 25 gt 6 grad T Thus only one scalar value needs to be defined in each node of the mesh and likewise only one scalar value when the conductivity is identical throughout the domain This choice is certainly the most economical in terms of memory space and allows for the most complicated calculations This choice represents the vast majority of applications 3 1 3 2 Orthotropic Properties Occasionally heat in a body is not propagated isotropically meaning that subsequent to contact with one point in space there will be one principal direction of heat transmission This can be the case in composite materials or materials When conductive properties of the material are aligned with the referen
87. ely to Ensight and MED formats gt syrthes py n 1 d syrthes data syd 1 listingi ensight gt syrthes py 1 d syrthes data syd 1 listingi med e Parallel execution on 2 processors output comments written in the listing1 files gt syrthes py 2 d syrthes data syd 1 listingi e Execution on 10 processors for conduction and on 4 for radiation output comments written in the listing1 files gt syrthes py n 10 r 4 d syrthes data syd l listingi Accessibilit EDF Page 121 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 14 4 6 Step 5 Visualize the results When the calculation is finished SYRTHES generates result files in its own format If the con version was requested at the time of the running of the code the files will be ready to visualize in the selected post processor If not tools are available to do the conversions to either the Ensight or MEDformats gt syrthes4med30 maillage syr resu res post med gt syrthesdensight m maillage syr resu res post The result file containing the fields from the last time step calculated like the transient file containing the fields from several moments instants can be converted gt syrthes4med30 m maillage syr resu res fin med gt syrthes4med30 m maillage syr r resu rdt o chrono med The history files present the values of the pro
88. ement i with i 0 physol kiso nelem e The orthotropic conductivity is defined for the list of elements which have a conductivity of this type Thus physol kortho kii i the thermal conductivity of element i in direction x with 16 0 physol kortho nelem physol kortho k22 i the thermal conductivity of element i in direction y with ic 0 physol kortho nelem physol kortho k33 i the thermal conductivity of element i in direction z with 16 0 physol kortho nelem in 3 dimensions only e The anisotropic conductivity is defined for the list of elements having a conductivity of this type Thus physol kaniso k11lil the conductivity of element i in the direction of x with 16 0 physol kaniso nelem physol kaniso k22 i the conductivity of element i in the direction of y with ic 0 physol kaniso nelem physol kaniso k12 i the conductivity of element i in the direction of xy with 16 0 physol kaniso nelem physol kaniso k33 i the conductivity of element i in the direction of z with ic 0 physol kaniso nelem in 3 dimensions only Accessibilit EDF Page 106 143 2012 p User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE physol kaniso ki3 i the conductivity of element i in the direction of xz with i 0 physol kaniso nelem in 3 dimensions only physol kaniso k23 i the
89. enshot Figure 14 3 syrthes gui Window Running options run the calculation During the calculation the progress can be visualized as well as the evolution of the different variables through the probes defined previously Code Syrthes calculation progress 25 fi E of run E N Reset Scale Temperature C N N Graph 1 Graph2 Graph3 Graph 4 N 5 Temperature of probe m1 o in the Output window a x Line Style E Listing file browser Listing editor Log 100 Time s Temp disk 1 Figure 14 4 syrthes gui Window Note that a calculation can be run from all t SYRTHES button on the tool bar Progress of a SYRTHES calculation he interface windows which include the Run Accessibilit EDF Page 117 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 File Tools Preferences Help Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES 6 Calculation Progress rome File Names Case title User description of the case Control YR HES Output Running options v4 0 0 Dimension of the problem 2D_cart Additional physical modelling Thermal radiation Humidity Heat and moisture transfer v 71 Conjugate Heat Transfer Screenshot Figure 14 5 syrthes gui Window Run the calculation from the tool bar The calc
90. entical to that of the result file res and can be post treated in the same manner It contains as many variables as has been defined A 5 Time record history probe results file his In this file the results are presented in columns which can then be exploited with any data plotting program The information that is presented on each line depends on the type of calculation e 3 dimensional thermal calculation time T x y z node number node reference element number e C2 dimensional thermal calculation time T x y z node number node reference element number e 3 dimensional thermal calculation with model of mass transfer with 3 equations time T Pv Pt x y z node number node reference element number The information concerning the location of the probe is always present It is input in different ways depending on the type of probe e node reference only provided if the probe has been selected by reference color if not the value is set to zero e node number only provided if the probe has been defined by the number of the node if not the value is set to zero e element number standard when the probe has been defined by its coordinates Thus it is known in which element it is located Accessibilit EDF Page 131 143 2012 EDF R amp D 6 Surfface or volume balance file flu User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 1 000000
91. erical methods used or to give all the elements necessary to the extension of SYRTHESfunctions When Syrthes calculations are coupled with a CFD code it is assumed that the user has recourse to the appropriate manuals relative to the CFD code for example 1 Those interested in an overview of the methods used in SYRTHES can consult among others 8 This reference describes certain theoretical and numerical aspects used in version 1 0 The fundamental equations and basic numerical methods remain applicable in the current version of the code Diverse configurations illustrating the code application domain can be found on the SYRTHES code web site 4 and in the validation manual 3 Accessibilit EDF Page 14 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 3 Thermal conduction functions and specificities The objective of this chapter is to give a precise idea of the potentialities of the SYRTHESCode in the domain of thermal conduction To begin the physical phenomena which have been taken into consideration will be discussed followed by the choices of modeling which have been made Finally the principle conventions used in SYRTHES can be found in this chapter Thus this chapter should be referred to e to verify if the problem to be treated is covered in the scope of application of this version e to understand certain mechanisms affect
92. erties Orthotropic Type Program Description Orthotropic materials with programmed properties Keyword 2D CPHY MAT ORTHO 2 PROG REFERENCES Keyword 3D CPHY MAT ORTHO PROG REFERENCES Value Default 7700 460 25 10 6 3 3 Anisotropic tab Definition of materials with anisotropic behavior the thermal conductivity will thus be defined by a symmetrical matrix 3 x 3 in 3 dimensions or 2 x 2 in 2 dimensions the terms of which can vary in time and space on the elements of the mesh Accessibilit EDF Page 71 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 File Tools Preferences Help Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home n File Names Isotropic Orthotropic Anisotropic v Conduction Initial conditions p kg m Cp J kg m kx ky kz Anisotropic conductivity W m Deg C Boundary conditions T k X Physical properties P ce Ex y iz y uy Volumetric conditions Constant Periodicity Constant User C functions Control Constant v Output Constant w Running options f m Screenshot Figure 10 14 syrthes gui Window Physical properties Anisotropic Anisotropic solids are defined by gt volumetric mass p kg m gt specific heat J kg K gt thermal conductivity in 2 dimensions conductivity is
93. es remain unknown in the problem and are likely to vary at each point at each time step Accessibilit EDF Page 24 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Figure 3 11 Contact resistance The following relationships can be noted g Ta Ti ka grad T g Th Ta grad T where and Ti unknowns in the equation Either the keywords file described in chapter 10 can be used to set the proper value of the contact resistance or a function describing the variation of this resistance 9 For complex configurations the user function user cond c user limfso can be employed Warning In practice the determination of the coefficient g may prove to be delicate Signifi cant empirical observation is necessary as well as a quantification of the imbrications of the two media concerned requiring a certain know how Accessibilit EDF Page 25 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 26 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 4 Thermal radiation function and specificities 4 1 Generalities All substances continually emit electromagnetic radiation over a wide frequency band This radiation
94. es_data syd which will be read by SYRTHES The syrthes_data syd file is a text file composed of keywords Even if it is generally auto matically filled by the syrthes gui interface it is nevertheless possible to input in it by using a simple text editor This is interesting in particular cases for example parametric calcula tions which may require large number of calculations by modifiying only some of the input parameters The sequence of the calculations can managed automatically by running the users own script For this reason the description of input data via the user interface is described in this chapter but by specifying the corresponding keyword in the file syrthes data syd Below are all the notations useful for the functioning of the syrthes data syd file e The order of keywords is random e The keywords nevertheless are grouped by theme and generally preserve the proposed order to maintain a certain logic in the file e SYRTHES then reads the file sequentially if a keyword appears several times it is the last value read which will be used for the calculation e For a given keyword all the parameters must be provided on the same line e All lines starting with the character are comments e Keywords that are not used can be deleted from the file Accessibilit EDF Page 53 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 e Keywo
95. essibilit EDF Page 64 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 For each boundary condition the list of references of the boundary faces concerned by this condition is provided Remark 1 all boundary faces for which no boundary condition is specified will automatically be considered as adiabatic zero flux Remark 2 for the resolution of the conduction in SYRTHES an adiabatic zero flux condition of or of symmetry is not required to be explicitly imposed This part of the domain boundary should simply be left without a boundary condition 10 6 2 1 Heat exchange tab Heat exchange boundary condition An exterior temperature in C and a heat exchange coefficient W m C must be input File Tools Preferences Help Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Heat exchange Flux condition Dirichlet condition Contact resistance Infinite radiation Conduction Initial conditions Heat exchange coefficient W m Deg C ELS External Coefh References User comments Physical properties Volumetric conditions Constant v Periodicity Ej Constant v User C functions Control Constant Output Constant v Running options Constant v Screenshot Figure 10 7 syrthes gui Window Boundary conditions Heat Exchange gt Boundary
96. eur de sorption de l eau adsorb e J kg hr D riv e partielle de h par rapport py J kg Pa hp D riv e partielle de h par rapport T J kg K has Coefficient d change d air sec kg m s he Coefficient d change de chaleur W m K hi Coefficient d change d eau liquide kg m s Pa hy Coefficient d change de vapeur kg m s ht Coefficient d change advectif du gaz kg m s Pa HR Humidit relative py Dsat K Perm abilit intrins que m Ki K Perm abilit au gaz l eau liquide S krg Kri Perm abilit relative au gaz leau liquide L T Chaleur latente d vaporation de l eau J kg m Notation g n rique pour une masse kg m D bit massique kg s Mias Masse d air sec kg My Masse de vapeur d eau kg m Masse d eau liquide kg M Rapport entre la masse molaire de l air sec et celle de la vapeur d eau Mas Masse molaire de l air sec kg mol M Masse molaire de l eau kg mol Accessibilit EDF Page 37 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 p Notation g n rique d une pression Notation g n rique d un p rim tre Pa m Das Py Pression partielle d air sec de vapeur d eau Pa P Pression liquide Pa Psat Pression de vapeur saturante Pa Pt Pression totale de la phase gaz
97. euse Pa R Constante des gaz parfaits J mol K To Constante des gaz parfaits pour la vapeur d eau r R M J kg K Das Constante des gaz parfaits pour l air sec ras R Mas J kg S Notation g n rique pour une surface m T Notation g n rique pour une temp rature K t Notation g n rique pour le temps S U Notation g n rique pourl nergie interne J u Notation g n rique pour une nergie interne massique J m V Notation g n rique pour un volume m W Notation g n rique pour un travail J Pente de l isotherme de sorption a 92 kg m Pa Bp D riv e partielle de l isotherme de sorption par rapport T kg m K Porosit Notation g n rique pour une conductivit thermique W m K A Conductivit thermique du mat riau humide W m K A Chaleur totale de changement d tat de l eau A L T J kg T Perm abilit la vapeur d eau formule 9 rV Dy 6 Notation g n rique pour une perm ance s m Tair Perm abilit la vapeur d eau de l air formule g Tair V Dy S Perm abilit la vapeur d eau apparente formule 9 Tapp V Po S A Coefficient de diffusion de l air sec formule Jas diff m V pas pt kg ms Tho Coefficient de diffusion de la vapeur d eau formule Gy aiff 7 V kg ms u Facteur de r sistance la vapeur d eau u 24 y Viscosit dynamique de l eau liquide Pa s Viscosit dynamique de la phase gazeuse P
98. f the file user c is programmed in the following way Heat Exchange Condition if mescoeffech 1 Searching the time step if tempss lt meteo var 0 0 num 0 else if tempss gt meteo var 0 meteo nelem 1 num meteo nelem 1 else num 1 while tempss gt meteo var 0 num num num Accessibilit EDF Page 49 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 For each node of each heat exchange boundary element for j 0 j lt echang ndmat j for i 0 i lt echang nelem i nr maillnodeus nrefe echang numf i l boundary element reference if nr 1 if the reference is 1 echang vali j il meteo var 1 num Temperature found in the file echang val2 j i 10 Heat exchange coefficient 8 4 User data files Certain calculations can necessitate the use of particular data originating for example from measurements or from calculations done in other disciplines having an impact on the thermal modeling In this case SYRTHES includes a pre programmed function to read data from a file provided by the user regardless of the format The user function can be modified according to the file content The file will be read by the function user read myfile of the file user c The read data will be stored in the structure myfile The following fields are al
99. f the integral type in con trast to the differential behavior of conduction and convection it is necessary to consider closed cavities For this reason in case of symmetry it is necessary to describe precisely the different symmetries and that these symmetries lead mandatorily by reconstruction to closed volumes Accessibilit EDF Page 82 143 EDF 2012 2 n User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Figure 10 26 shows an acceptable situation on the left by specifying 2 symmetries whereas the modeling on the right corresponding to a canal infinitely long which will be troncated is not acceptable Symmetry CX AE Symmetry i Symmetry Symmetry i Authorized Non Authorized Figure 10 26 Example of acceptable and unacceptable configurations The corresponding window is the following File Tools Preferences Help D mp Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home TERRE PRE File Names View factor Symmetry Periodicity Conduction GR Definition of symmetry planes for radiation ax by cz d 0 Boundary conditions Coef a Coefb Coefc Coef d User comments Physical properties lj Volumetric conditions Periodicity amp a at Spectral parameters Material radiation Definition of periodicity for radiation Boundary conditions 7 Solar modelling Ix inm ly inm Iz inm Vy
100. fied sub domain can be handled with the GUI and or the keyword file see chapter 10 The same is true for cases where the flux can be defined in the form of an interpreted 9 For more complex situations programming of the most complex variations can be done with a user function user cond c user cfluvs 3 1 7 Contact resistances In some industrial mechanisms often solid pieces belonging to a system are composed of different materials These materials are often glued or bolted together and heat transfer occurs between them more precise study of heat transfer shows that even if the two different materials appear optically perfectly sealed they are not sufficiently interlocked to be considered as forming one continuous medium small gap of air may create a discontinuous temperature field However the flux remains continuous This type of modeling is also used to simulate a defect in a solid or the behavior of a fissure The solid cannot therefore be considered as continuous but likewise it is also impossible to consider total independence between the two boundaries Indeed a continuous heat flux can breach the gap The notion of contact resistance between the two pieces is thus introduced It is in fact a heat exchange condition between the two faces in contact where the external condition constitutes the temperature of the face on the other side of the gap Unlike boundary conditions previously described temperatures of both fac
101. follwowing information must be input the number of the band by default 1 if gray radiation the emissivity which is by definition a number strictly between 0 and 1 a list corresponding to all the references of the surfacic radiation mesh cells being considered respectively linear in 2D Information for the keywords is the same but the values of the following must be input explicitly emissivity transmissivity mandatorily at 0 due to the opaque nature of the material taken into consideration in this version of SYRTHES and the reflectivity Pjambaa 1 Elambda Coherence between the emissivity and the reflectivity must be assured For any material given all the spectral bands bandes spectrales dAclarAes must be input D Material Radiation Properties Description Definition of the emissivity per band Keyword RAYT ETR BANDE EMISSIVITE TRANSMITIVITE REFLECTIVITE Value integer 0 lt real lt 1 0 0 lt real lt 1 Default 1 1 0 0 Corresponding to a black body 10 8 5 Window Boundary conditions This window gathers the different radiative boundary conditions to apply to a surfacic radiation mesh It includes several tabs according to the conditions to apply The first window corresponds to conduction and radiation coupling File Tools Preferences Help amp Bina Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home 1 File Names Conduction Radiation coupling Imposed
102. hermal evaluation is done imposing an adiabatic condition at the fluid solid interface could lead to a significant error Join between two zones of lagging Figure 6 1 Modeling of a thermally insulated pipe Another example of an application is the modeling of thermal transients The thermal interaction between fluid and solid is fundamental in cases of thermal shocks which are very frequent in industrial processes nuclear hydraulics for example Consider the case of a thermal shock significant and rapid increase of the fluid temperature in a piping system Accessibilit EDF Page 39 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The thermal inertia of the solid will lead to a gradual increase of temperature of the surface and inversely a partial cooling of the fluid After a certain length the impact of the shock may be spread over the pipe and be considerably reduced At the end of the pipe the thermal load is significantly lower which can become compatible with safety requirements unlike the very conservative attitude concerning a surface without thermal inertia Figure 6 2 Reduction of a thermal shock due to thermal inertia In certain cases interest in simulating a fluid solid thermal coupling is in gaining knowledge about the solid temperature field Within this context the simulation of thermal coupling with the fluid provides better b
103. ht flux can be provided by SYRTHES by the inclusion of a weather file In this case the file contains the flux received by a horizontal surface e SYRTHES can automatically calculate sunlight radiation relative to the geographic position and to the day of the year and time Sunlight radiation can moreover be compensated by the presence of clouds 4 7 1 Calculation of solar radiation The total of solar radiation is obtained by the sum of the direct radiation plus the diffused radiation which is expressed in the following manner 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 30 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 fdf being the view factor relative the celestial vault The direct solar radiation on the ground can be described as follows B I sinh with e To 1380 W m constant solar radiation e C 1 0 034 cos 30 m 1 d function coefficient of the distance earth sun m is the number of the month of the year and d the number of the day in the month e of the function coefficients of local conditions Thus 0 87 B 0 17 for a clear sky A 0 88 B 0 26 for a average sky A 0 91 B 0 43 for an industrial zone e h height of the sun From the direct solar radiation on the ground it is possible to determine the normal composition of the direct sol
104. ial conditions The initial temperature of all the nodes of the mesh must be input If and only if the initialization is identical in the entire domaine either a uniform temperature the same function throughout or an initial condition programmed for the entire domain the list of references of the elements concerned can be reduced to 1 meaning all the elements File Tools Preferences Help nu Run SYRTHES gt Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home E File Names Initial temperature Deg C Conduction Temperature References User comments Initial conditions Boundary conditions Ej Constant v Physical properties Constant v Volumetric conditions Periodicity Constant User C functions Constant v Control Output constant Running options 182 Constant v fj Constant Screenshot Figure 10 6 syrthes gui Window Conduction Initial conditions gt Initial conditions Description Initial temperature in C Keyword CINI T temperature references Value Real Default T 20 Keyword CINI T FCT temperature references Value fonction T x y z t T Default T 20 Keyword CINI T PROG references Value user c user cini to program Default T 20 10 6 2 Window Boundary conditions Definition of the boundary conditions This window includes 5 tabs which define the boundary conditions according to their type Acc
105. ice of options the cal culation parameters the numerical criteria associated with the resolution the physical conditions and the boundary conditions Even if the name of this file is traditionally syrthes_data syd it is not imposed and can be changed as necessary User source files user c user_cond c user_ray c user_hmt c which are optional but useful to define complex conditions Chapter 12 describes these functions Accessibilit EDF Page 43 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 7 1 2 Result files SYRTHES generates certain number of result files relative to the options chosen for the sim ulation All the names of the file results have the same prefix and are distinguished by their extension es result file containing the principle variables of the calculation in each node of the mesh It is the temperature for a calculation of conduction radiation If the model of heat and mass transfer is activated they are the temperature the vapor pressure and the total pressure dt transient similar to the previous result file but containing the results in several time steps defined by the user his history file for tracking the evolution of the temperature over time and also the vapor pressure and the total pressure on a limited number of points defined by the user probes nnx minimum and maximum file at each time step
106. ient PAS DE TEMPS SOLIDE SOLID TIME STEP PAS DE TEMPS AUTOMATIQUE gradient T max real gt 0 max time step real gt 0 gt Time step By blocks Description Keyword Value Default Choice of a constant time step per block PAS DE TEMPS MULTIPLES Iteration value whole gt 0 max time step real gt 0 10 4 2 Solver information tab The equation of heat in a solid is resolved with an iterative method of a preconditioned conju gated gradient type The precision of the resolution can be adjusted compromise between the desired precision and the calculation time necessary to resolve it is found with two values designed for this effect It is necessary here to point out a technical point the stop test of the iterative method em ployed is based on three criteria e the maximum number of iterations given e a criterion of absolute convergence Ax lt Eabs e a criterion of relative convergence Ax b lEn to the preceding time step xs The algorithm stops e when the number of maximum iterations is attained e when the two criteria of convergence are respected In this way the solver can be completed piloted I lt Erel where is the result of the resolution e to request a very exact precision by imposing a very strict criterion of absolute convergence and a sufficiently large number of iterations e to request a less precise and or to limit th
107. iguration to another At regular intervals this list can be enriched by SYRTHES developers in collaboration with the specialists of the domain or the laboratories which do experiental measurements on materials For the keywords file the synthax is thus the following Accessibilit EDF Page 94 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 D Humidity Material properties Description Initial condition of vapor pressure PT in Pa Keyword HMT_MAT chaine references The keyword STRING can have for example the values in the following list e MAT BETON e MAT BOIS PIN e MAT PSE NORMAL e MAT LAINE VERRE e MAT BOIS AGGLO e MAT POLYURETHANE e etc As an example if the domains characterized by the elements with references 2 4 and 32 are of ciment and that the domain with the elements having the reference 8 corredspond to fiberglass the imput in the keywords file would be HMT_MAT MAT BETON 2 4 32 HMT_MAT MAT LAINE VERRE 8 10 9 4 Window Humidity Coupled Boundary Conditions This window corresponds to the boundary conditions of the humidity models In contrast to the boundary conditions of the temperature models the only conditions are heat exchanges because of its physical characteristic when specifying the coupled boundary conditions This table thus includes the heat exchange boundary conditions for temperatu
108. impossible to differentiate the behavior geometry or solicitation of one slice from another Thermal phenomenon is thus calculated in a plane whose thickness is assumed to be null the 3 dimensional aspect being integrated implicitly in the equation itself There again reducing the problem from 3 dimensional to 2 dimensional space leads to calculations that are significantly less complex yet as exact providing of course that the basic hypothesis is indeed valid In SYRTHES either the or Oy axis of axisymmetry can be chosen There again the discretization depends on the same 3 node triangular elements 0 Xx Figure 3 2 Axisymmetric approximation 3 1 2 3 Tridimensional simulations When the space of the resolution is compatible with the space of the phenomenon no restric tion or approximation is necessary The discretization is done with the 4 node non structured tetrahedral mesh with planar faces The tetrahedral mesh is generated by SIMAIL or IDEAS MS or any other software providing that the information relative to the geometry conforms to one of the two formats or to the SYRTHES format Cf 13 Accessibilit EDF Page 17 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 3 1 2 4 List of the finite elements accepted by SYRTHES Figure 3 3 Tetrahedrons used by SYRTHES in 3D AX Figure 3 4 2D Triangles used by SYRTHES in
109. ing the modeling e to become familiar with the convention that has been chosen e to find information on the principles used and the functioning of the graphical user interface GUI The objective of this chapter is not to explain how a function works and even less the under lying theory but to make apparent its existence The elements and operations relative to the implementation are addressed in the following chapters of this document 3 1 Thermal conduction The different capabilities of SYRTHES are described succinctly highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each Readers should be warned against the apparent complexity upon a first reading Indeed it must be emphasized that in the majority of cases only one aspect or more likely small part of the possibilities offered will be concerned The different possibilities are classed in ascending order of difficulty and of probability of occur rence 3 1 1 Simulated phenomena When different parts of a solid body have different temperatures the heat spreads from the hot regions to the cold ones This transfer is essentially done in three different ways Accessibilit EDF Page 15 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 e conduction heat is transferred within the material itself e convection heat is transferred by the displacement of one part of the body to other parts of the
110. ion ofthe meshes Treatem ent of the interface functions Sequential mode Partitioning of the cells Code Kemel Gathering of results Conversion of results Post Pro cessor Figure 7 1 Flow chart of the SYRTHES program convert2syrthes4 syrthes ppfunc syrthes post syrthes4ensight syrthes4med Paraview Salom Ensight Parallel mode Accessibilit EDF Page 41 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Thermal radiation is presented as a SYRTHES module to differentiate the treatments of transfer by conduction and by radiation in a closed medium during the use of the code In this way the general functioning of the code is not overloaded A unique keyword activates thermal radiation in a closed medium Once this is activated complementary data must be provided On the contrary if the module is not activated the keywords will simply not be read note that it is not necessary to delete the data file This approach is particularly flexible when evaluating the importance of radiation transfer in a given problem a calculation restricted only to conduction is directly possible from the cal culation conduction radiation simply by deactivating the radiation calculation in the data file 7 1 Organization of the input data and the results The general structure of the functioning of SYRTHESis presented i
111. ion remains unchanged Indeed in a simplified manner the fluid will only be treated as a particular boundary condition of the solid domain SYRTHES and the CFD code are completely independent so that it is possible to completely uncouple problems associated with fluids and solids they can be analyzed separately and it is possible and even advised to start by establishing the two calculations fluid and solid separately before trying to couple them Once all the conditions for each of the two domains have been input and verified with a small number of time steps the coupling can be quickly put in place Similarly if a numerical problem appears the uncoupling of the two codes is immediate facili tating the identification or localization of the source of the problem Is the problem purely fluid purely solid or rather linked to the transfer of data between the fluid and solid domains Accessibilit EDF Page 124 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 15 Conclusion Today SYRTHES enables the scientific community to treat complex problems by handling simul taneously the phenomena of conduction radiation and when coupled with a thermal hydraulic code convection As more and more phenomena are integrated into the simulation more and more precise results can be expected However the calculations become more delicate to manage as
112. ion of a specific transformation of periodicity user transfo perio 108 12 3 Functions of the file user cond c 108 12 3 1 Initialization of the temperature user_cini 108 12 3 2 Physical characteristics user 108 12 3 3 Boundary conditions userlimfa 444 8250 454 6 be bows 109 12 3 4 Volumetric source terms user_cfluvs 109 1255 Contact resistance werreseton 2 2 22222 2 2 110 124 Functions for fle user ray G 2 222 2242 1 2 ew ee 69 110 124 1 Pus meee c guo ge deben n ed ER HO eee Od 110 1242 Function amer La das ci da t Rok ee Pea eee o d 111 124 5 Function user propsicidedse e ec au coa a OECD neue UE 111 12 5 Functions to assist with parallel computations 111 12 5 01 Calkulgtion of a NE sa e m dia pd ue 2 22 111 12 5 2 Calculation of a minimum or a maximum of a variable 111 13 Result files 113 181 Result files additionnal lt s s resa sa xo m Ret wA 113 13 1 1 Contents of additional files 113 12 1 2 La 24 e Landes sans es Bun mom dede Emirats 113 13 1 3 How to write variables an additional file 114 14 Do a thermal calculation with SYRTHES 115 14 1 Introduction uos Ro Eon 9 Rec m e Rom os EORR WU des 115 14 2 Preli
113. ions Heat exchange condition value of the exterior temperature and of the heat exchange coefficient keyword Dirichlet Condition value of the imposed temperature keyword Flux Condition value of the surface flux keyword CLIM_T_FCT e Physical properties for isotropic materials keyword CPHY MAT ISO FCT Accessibilit EDF Page 51 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 for orthotropic materials keyword CPHY MAT ORTHO 2 keyword CPHY_MAT_ORTHO_3D_FCT for anisotropic materials keyword CPHY MAT ANISO 2D keyword CPHY MAT ANISO 3D FCT e Volumetric flux on temperature vapor pressure and total pressure keyword CVOL_T_FCT keyword CVOL PV keyword CVOL_PT_FCT 9 2 How to define a function A function is an expression which can use all the mathematical symbols and functions known in programming language C It cannot include the space character which is considered as a delimiter The variables which can be present in the expression are the following upper and lower cases must be respected e tt physical time in seconds e T temperature in degrees C e x y z z is only allowable in 3 dimensions the coordinates of the node or of the center of a cell in meters Example definition of properties of an isotropic material where the volumet
114. ions dedicated to radiative transfers gt user_ray material parameters emissivity radiation boundary conditions imposed temperature or flux gt user_solaire definition of solar flux gt user_propincidence calculation of the radiation physical properties relative to the angle of incidence e user hmt functions for coupled mass and temperature transfers gt user hmt affectmat designation of the material on the mesh gt user hmt cini definition of the initial conditions gt user hmt limfso boudary conditions for the temperature vapor pressure and total pressure gt user hmt cfluvs definition of volumetric source terms gt user hmt rescon definition of contact resistances 14 4 5 Step 4 Create an executable program and run SYRTHES In the case of the use of the user interface the running options of the calculation can be defined in the Running options window and the calculation can be directly run by clicking Run SYRTHES The calculation can also be run via the following syrthes py script gt syrthes py n NB PROC d FILE NB PROC RAY 1 FILE v POSTPROC Accessibilit EDF Page 120 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The parameters for this command are the following n NB PROC Defines the number of processors to use for the conduction calculation n 1 the calculation is done
115. is document and the information contained therein are provided as are without any war ranty of any kind either expressed or implied Any total or partial modification reproduction new use distribution or extraction of elements of this document or its content without the express and prior written consent of EDF is strictly forbidden Failure to comply to the above provisions will expose to sanctions Accessibilit EDF Page 2 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Abstract This document is the user manual of version 4 of the SYRTHES thermal code It presents the scope of the code and the available diverse functions The first chapters address the phenomena which can be modeled with SYRTHES SYRTHES includes graphic interface which enables the user to become familiar with all the parameters necessary for the code The different windows are described and the nature and meaning of each parameter is detailed methodology for the application of SYRTHES and its method of calculation are proposed herein Accessibilit EDF Page 3 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE Executive Summary This document is the user manual of the thermal code SYRTHES version 4 2 Accessibilit EDF Page 4 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp
116. is to be in contact with a solid surface for which conductive heat transfer can be solved However certain configurations may necessitate the use of boundary conditions specific to heat radiation The most frequent case corresponds to situations where the grid used for radiation does not define a closed domain for example in the presence of inlets and outlets Accessibilit EDF Page 29 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Forthe radiation problem a specific boundary condition has to be specified for inlet and outlet Figure 4 3 Specific boundary conditions for radiation It is possible to set the following boundary conditions for radiation meshing e coupling with conduction This is the condition that can handle the majority of faces e imposed temperature This is the condition which is generally used to close the calculation domain of radiation e imposed flux In cases of gray material per band the flux must be provided for each spectral band 4 7 Solar radiation SYRTHES includes a function which can calculate heat transfer originating from solar radiation Two approaches are proposed depending on the type of modeling desired e For conditions with constant sunlight it is possible to define the position of the sun angle of sun rays relative to the calculation domain and the value of solar flux e Direct and diffused sunlig
117. it is necessary to understand very different physical phenomena evolving on time scales which are themselves very different This document presents the elements indispensible for running the SYRTHES code The most complex models thermal radiation and mass transfers have been uncoupled so as not to penalize the users during the running of the code for conduction calculations alone Although the current version can already treat complex cases the SYRTHES functions will evolve relative to the needs of the users For this users can contact the user support service at the following e mail address syrthes support edf fr Accessibilit EDF Page 125 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 126 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Appendix A SYRTHES FILE FORMATS A detailed description of the svRTHESfile formats is presented here In this chapter the character strings appearing in the files will be detailed T he spaces will be replaced by dots in order to count or identify them more easily A 1 Description of the geometry file file syr The geometrical files for conduction and radiation files are data bases containing respectively the meshes of the solid domain and the radiative surfaces They are in SYRTHES file f
118. l current time seconds struct Maillage maillnodes mesh struct Maillage maillnodeus boundary mesh t maillnodes npoin temperature at each solid node struct Clim diric Dirichlet condition imposed temperature result of the function struct Clim flux Flux condition result of the function struct Clim echang Heat exchange condition result of the function struct Clim rayinf Infinite radiation condition result of the function struct PasDeTemps pasdetemps all the information relative to time management struct Meteo meteo data concerning the weather when necessary struct Myfile myfile personal file when necessary The user part is divided in 4 sections each dealing with a specific boundary condition If in the physical case under study one of the condition types is not necessary lines relative to the condition are simply left as comments 12 3 4 Volumetric source terms user cfluvs The laws of complex variation for volumetric flux can be defined in this function for calculations of conduction or conduction radiation It is not used for coupled mass and temperature transfers The boundary conditions are imposed on the boundary faces of the elements gt tempss physical current time seconds gt struct Maillage maillnodes mesh Accessibilit EDF Page 109 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0
119. lation 6 55 Translation 0 55 0 0 Periodic Periodic boundary 2 boundary 1 Figure 10 18 Definition of a translation e 2 dimensional rotation In this case it is manadatory that the rotation is around a colinear z axis Information to input the coordinates of the center of the rotation P and Py and the angle in degrees the angle is considered positive in the trigonometric sense the coordinates of the center of the rotation and Py the angle in degrees the angle is considered positive in the trigonometric sense the references of the faces which describe boundary 1 then the references of the faces which describe boundary 2 e 3 dimensional rotation In this case the following information must be input an invariant point of P an vector defining the axis in rotation the angle of the rotation around this axis the references of the faces which describe boundary 1 then which describe boundary 2 Accessibilit EDF Page 75 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 File Tools Preferences Help Version 1 0 Li Home File Names v Conduction Initial conditions Boundary conditions Physical properties Volumetric conditions User C functions Control Output Running options Screenshot Periodicity of translation Periodicity of rotation Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calcula
120. lid bodies have grey behavior at least by band Further details on these concepts can be seen in reference lEnergy emitted in the form of radiation propagates very well in a vacuum This leads to the notion of differential equation Accessibilit EDF Page 27 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 4 2 The treatment of thermal radiation in SYRTHES With different approximations often justified in most cases and a discretization of time and space the equation can be formulated in a matrix form leg pe ces PLEIN E J Ey E pnFni a 1 pN FNN N In the previous system of equations E represents the emittance of face 7 and designates the reflectivity p 1 being the emissivity of face i The unknowns are the radiosity noted as J in the previous system in each of the N faces composing the mesh of the radiation considered In the previous equation a purely geometric quantity noted as Fij appears which can be physically interpreted as the proportion of energy leaving face 2 and attaining face j Thus Fy 5 f cos Ey Vo dd i Jxes Jyes T with S the surface of the face 2 x and y being two points belonging to the faces i and j 01 and 05 are the two angles between the normals of each face and the line of sight between the two points x and y r is the distance bet
121. ly of currently available functions is the following e Calculation of a sum e Calculation of a minimum or a maximum 12 5 1 Calculation of a sum Example On the current processor the number ny has been calculated which represents the number of nodes whose temperature exceeds a defined criteria The number of nodes in the same situation for the entire domain is thereafter needed The function somme int parall can be used to solve this question under the form n glob somme int parall n loc where contains the sum of nioc snloc of all the processors Note For serial calculations the result will simply be nglob This function has been created to be used with double or integer variable types e int somme int parall int e double somme double parall double 12 5 2 Calculation of a minimum or a maximum of a variable The calculation of a minimum or a maximum of a field is done in two steps e Step 1 calculation of min max on the local processor Accessibilit EDF Page 111 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 e Step 2 calculation of min max on all the processors The first step is usual the table containing the variable is scanned to search for the min and max The second step is then done automatically by the functions min xx parall maxw xx parall Depending on the type of variable to calculate and on the oper
122. minary phase set SYRTHES environment 115 14 3 Running calculation with SYRTHES interface 115 14 4 Run manual calculation without the syrthes gui 118 14 4 1 Step 1 Create new calculation case 118 14 4 2 Step 2 Create a mesh and convert it to SYRTHES format 118 14 4 3 Step 3 Filling in the data file syrthes data syd 119 14 4 4 Step 4 optional User functions 119 14 4 5 Step 4 Create an executable program and run SYRTHES 120 14 4 6 Step 5 Visualize the 1 8 122 145 Do a follow up sleulation 122 14 6 Emergency stop of SYRTHES calculation 122 14 7 Analysis of the results 122 14 8 The generation of SYRTHES meshes 123 14 9 Calculating with CFD code coupled to SYRTHES 124 15 Conclusion 125 SYRTHES FILE FORMATS 127 A 1 Description of the geometry file file syr 127 AJ fllelYe 4 5 Le nu sno noe xo pus dt Re ul Pom 129 A3 Trongient result fle soa o 4 de dun ook des Bud a 130 AA Additional result file file add 131 A 5 Time record history probe results file his 131 6 Surfface or volume balance file flu
123. mum number of periodicity in 3D is 2 gt Periodicity in 2D Description Coefficients of periodicity Keyword RAYT PERIODICITE 3D Ix Iv Iz Vx Vy Vz TETA IN DEGREE Value real real real real real real real Default NO DEFAULT VALUE 10 8 4 Window Material Radiation Properties This window corresponds to the specification of the radiative properties of materials In this version of SYRTHES radiation is not considered to be semi transparent which necessitates that the emmisivity is provided for each material per spectral band 9 if several bands have been defined Spectral reflectivity is automatically deducted from the emissivity by the formula l amp File Tools Preferences Help m Ee Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Material radiation properties v Conduction Emissivity References User comments m Initial conditions Boundary conditions 1 Physical properties Volumetric conditions Periodicity Radiation 2 Spectral parameters j View Factor Boundary conditions Solar modelling User C functions Control Output Running options Screenshot Figure 10 28 syrthes gui Window Definition of material radiation properties Accessibilit EDF Page 84 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 In the interface for each material the
124. n be added if necessary e Program the value of the condition is complex interpolation in a file for example and it will be directly programmed in the user source files The references of elements of the mesh where it is applied must be provided and a comment can be added if desired Figure shows an example File Tools Preferences Help amp ao Run SYRTHES gt Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Initial temperature Deg C v Conduction uH Type Temperature References User comments Initial conditions Boundary conditions Constant 23 351 Low temperature zone Physical properties Constant v 28 2 Superior zone Volumetric conditions Periodicity Function vw 23 5 z 4 zone de variation User C functions 82 Progam 13 Interpolated temperature in a table Control Output Constant gt Running options Constant f Constant v t Screenshot Figure 10 2 syrthes gui Window Example where different types of conditions are used Non utilization of certain conditions By default all the conditions defined are active and will be taken into consideration in the cal culation This is reflected in the window where the beginning of each line is checked presence of an X Accessibilit EDF Page 55 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version
125. n figure 7 2 The parts indicated on the table in dashed lines are indicative of the radiation module Conduction mesh Radiation mesh Parameter SYRTHES View factors mesh Result Result Transient History MinMax Additional Figure 7 2 Flow chart of SYRTHES functioning The organization of the files is presented in the form seen in figure 7 3 The complete description of these files is found in chapters 8 12 and in appendix 13 Accessibilit EDF Page 42 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 mesh syr syrthes data aL C user c user fct c user hmt c resul rad res resul rad rdt resul res 1 1 1 resul rdt resul his resul mnx Figure 7 3 SYRTHES data and result files 7 1 1 Data files The input files necessary for the SYRTHES code are the following e syr a geometric file containing the non structured mesh of the solid domain This file contains among others the list of elements the coordinates of the nodes the references for the elements etc This file is in SYRTHESformat Paragraph examines possible tools to generate such a file In calculations with radiation a second geometric file is necessary to describe the radiating surface syrthes_data syd a file with diverse keywords for the cho
126. nced Mode in the list on the left Put Accessibilit EDF Page 104 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 12 User functions In order to make the use of SYRTHES easier it is possible to define a certain number of conditions physical boundary directly in the data files e If the conditions are defined by constants no programming is necessary and the conditions can be modified without compiling or editing the links e If the conditions can be described by functions it is also possible to define them in the data file If they are modified during a calculation they must be reinterpreted by the pre processor to be integrated into the executable program But there are some cases where the conditions cannot be expressed so simply For example conditions which necessitate the reading of data in a specific file In all of such complex cases it is necessary to be able to directly program the user functions The user functions are regrouped in 4 files user c general user functions user cond c user functions for conduction user ray c user functions for radiation user hmt c user functions for coupled heat and mass transfers The user functions are reviewed in the following paragraphs For each of them their specificities are detailed 12 1 Description of the variables included in the user functions e The characteristics of the
127. nction T Pv and Pt Keyword CLIM HMT FCT T EXT PV EXT HPV EXT PT EXT HPT EXT REFERENCES Value Each function can depend on the variables x y z t T Pv Pt Description Coupled boundary conditions as a sub program Keyword CLIM HMT PROG references Value user hmt c user hmt limfso to program 10 9 5 Window Humidity Volumetric source terms This graphic window corresponds to the possibility for each of the variables to introduce source terms For the temerature equation this can correspond to the possibility of adding a Joule effect or an exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction The source terms are imposed on the elements of each domain For the other two variables the subadjacent physical meaning signification physique sous jacente is not as easy They were programmed for generalization and can enable the modeling of the most macroscopic effects Accessibilit EDF Page 96 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE Version 1 0 User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Figure 10 39 shows the corresponding graphic interface window File Tools Preferences Help 0 e 9 Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Setting of source terms on elements aT b T in C Pv in Pa Pt in Pa nd Humidity Type Variable Coefa Coefb References User comments a Initial conditions Material properties Constant Coupled Boundary conditi
128. nctions which are defined simply via the interface in the parameter file it is possible to program the laws of variation of these parameters directly into the code via the user functions Examples of user source files can be found in the usr directory If needed the necessary file s can be copied into the current directory and can be programmed in accordance with the case under study Accessibilit EDF Page 119 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The 4 files are respectively dedicated to the following functions general user c conductive transfers user cond c radiative transfers user ray c and heat and mass transfer user hmt c e user c general functions gt user read myfile reading of a specific data file gt user add var in file input of additional variables in the result files gt user transfo perio definition of a specific periodic transformation e user cond c functions for conduction transfers gt user cini initial conditions gt user_cphyso physical conditions gt user_limfso boundary conditions gt user_cfluvs volumetric source terms gt user rescon or user rescon 11 contact resistances gt user transfo perio definition of a particular transformation for periodicity condi tions gt user read myfile reading of a specific data file e user_ray funct
129. ns Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES 62 Calculation Progress p kg m3 Cp J kg m3 kx ky kz Orthotropic conductivity W m Deg C T C kx k kz References comme Physical properties P P y Volumetric conditions Constant Periodicity Constant v User C functions Control Constant v Output _ Constant Running options Screenshot Figure 10 13 syrthes gui Window Physical properties Orthotropic Orthotropic solids are defined by gt volumetric mass p kg m gt heat capacity J kg gt thermal conductivity W mK It is necessary to give 2 or values respectively in 2D and 3D The conductivity following the direction z y and possibly z gt Physical properties Orthotropic Type Constant Description Orthotropic materials with properties defined by a constant Keyword 2D CPHY MAT ORTHO 2D ky ky REFERENCES Keyword 3D CPHY_MAT_ORTHO_3D p ky k REFERENCES Value 4 or 5 real gt 0 Default rho 7700 Cp 460 ky 25 ky 25 ky 25 gt Physical properties Orthotropic Type Function Description Orthotropic materials with properties defined by a function Keyword 2D CPHY MAT ORTHO 2D FCT ky ky REFERENCES Keyword 3D CPHY FCT ky ky kz REFERENCES Value 4 or 5 functions f x y z t T Default rho 7700 460 k 25 ky 25 k 25 gt Physical prop
130. nvert2syrthes accepts the input from the following formats e SIMAIL mesh generator files extension des e IDEAS MS mesh generator files extension unv Salom mesh generator files in med format extension med GMSH mesh generator files extension msh GAMBIT mesh generator files extension neu The identification of the file format is made by the extension which is given to the name of the geometric file This extension is thus imposed and mandatory 8 2 Parameter files This file contains all the user parameters to do a calculation The following chapter is entirely devoted to it It is generally named syrthes_data syd 8 3 Standard weather data file For calculations in which meteorological conditions must be input it is possible to provide SYRTHES with a complementary weather file The name of this file is provided by the SYRTHES parameter filesyrthes_data syd FICHIER METEO If the name of the file is provided it will be automatically read when the calculation starts running and the information read can be used in the user functions of the filesuser c user_cond c user_hmt c and user_ray c 8 3 1 Contents of the weather data file In this file the data is provided in columns The first line is particular it indicates the number of columns in the file The weather file is read line by line regardless of the number of columns Generally each line corresponds to an instant and on the same line different varia
131. of SYRTHES is avalaible you can add directly your new material in the original code source But generally creation of a local new library is prefered original version is preserved and laws and functions of the new material can be tested before being inserted in the standard version 11 2 4 1 To create the new material 1 To create a standard study case using syrthes gui or syrthes4 create case command 2 To go into the case directory To prepare the addition of a new material use the command syrthes4 create mylibmat Now you have 2 additionnal directories mnylibmat src and mylibmat include the local Makefile has been modified and if you hadn t the user hmt c file in your case it has been also copied To go into the directory mylibmat include To create the new material a To use the example of two existing files describing a material to copy them to a new name For example cp syr hmt lib beton c syr hmt lib xxx c hmt lib beton h syr hmt lib xxx h In these two files syr_hmt_lib_xxx c and syr_hmt_lib_xxx h to update the names of the functions with the name of the new material for example replace fmat_fbetap_beton with fmat fbetap xxx To program all of the functions for the new material Accessibilit EDF Page 103 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 c To update the file syr hmt libmat c ad
132. of the probes are saved in the history his file The format of the file is discussed in Appendix A The frequency of the backup of the values of the probes is defined in seconds If the value of the frequency is inferior to the value of the time step SYRTHES will make a record at each time step There is no time interpolation File Tools Preferences Help Biz Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES 62 Calculation Progress Home File Names Probes Result fields Surface balance Volume balance v Conduction Initial conditions Frequency of output Every n time steps Boundary conditions c Physical properties Definition by coordinates Volumetric conditions x y z User Comments Periodicity 1 User C functions Control 12 Output Running options 4 Screenshot Figure 10 20 syrthes gui Window Output Probes tab gt Description Frequency of output Keyword HIST FREQ frequency Value real frequency in seconds Default 1 gt Definition by coordinates Description Definition of the probe coordinates Keyword HIST COORD y 2 Value 2D 2 real Value 3D 3 real Default Accessibilit EDF Page 78 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 7 4 Surface balance tab and Volume balance tabs SYRTHES can provide balance results either on the cell boundaries surface balance results or on the volumetric
133. on boundary condition is imposed flux The flux is imposed on the boundary faces Similar to Dirichlet conditions and depending on the complexity of the problem either the keyword file can be used to input a constant value or an interface function interpr t e see chapters 10 and 9 A user function can handle very complex cases A detailed description of the use of the corresponding function user cond c user_limfso can be found in chapter 12 heat exchange coeffcient In many physical cases the flux is proportional to the temperature difference existing be tween the temperature surface noted and the temperature of the surrounding medium in which the solid is located noted The flux can thus be expressed as the form h T The quantity h is generally called the heat exchange coefficient which is ex pressed in W mK In the case of a forced flow this parameter is generally related to the local velocity of the fluid to its nature as well as to the local fluid characteristics Following the same logic depending on the complexity of the case to be treated either the keyword file or the GUI see chapters 10 and 9 can be used to define the values or a user function user cond c user limfso a description of which can be found in chapter 12 Note that two parameters are required on each face The first is the temperature value of the external medium the second parameter represents the heat exchange coefficient infini
134. ondition on elements T in C Pv in Pa Pt in Pa v Humidity Type Variable Value References ES Initial conditions Material properties Cj Constant Coupled Boundary conditi Constant v Volumetric conditions User C functions Ej Constant M Control Ej Constant 2 Output i i Screenshot Figure 10 36 syrthes gui Window Initial conditions in the humidity model gt Initial humidity conditions Description Initial condition in T in C Keyword CINI T Temperature references Value real Default T 20 Keyword CINI T FCT Temperature references Value fonction x y z t T Default T 20 Keyword CINI T PROG references Value user c user hmt cini to program gt Initial humidity conditions Description Initial condition of vapor pressure Pv in Pa Keyword CINI PV Pression de vapeur references Value real Default P 2800 Keyword CINI PV FCT Pression de vapeur references Value function x y z t T Default P 2800 Keyword CINI_PV_PROG references Value user hmt c user hmt cini to program Accessibilit EDF Page 93 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt Initial humidity conditions Description Initial condition of vapor pressure PT en Pa Keyword CINI PT Pression to
135. ormat They contain successively a list of nodes with coordinates and references a list of elements with their corresponding nodes and a list of boundary elements The geometrical file begins with the following type of header e lines 1 to 3 comments the line contains the number of the file version e line 4 C DIMENSION 42i line 5 C DIMENSION OF ELTS 621 line 6 C NUMBER NOEUDS 10i e line 7 C NUMBER ELEMENTS 10i line 8 C NUMBER OF BOUNDARY ELEMENTS 410i line 9 C NUMBER OF NODES PER ELEMENT 43i This is followed by the rubric of node coordinates line 1 C e line 2 C RUBRIQUE NODES line 3 e lines 4 to 3 number of nodes NUM NUMREF X Y Z Accessibilit EDF Page 127 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt NUM number of the node gt NUMREF reference number of the node gt X Y Z coordinates of the node Note there are always 3 coordinates in 2 dimensions the third coordinate is set at zero The corresponding format is the following 4101741 14 7e 14 7e 14 7e Rubric containing the connectivity line 1 e line 2 C RUBRIQUE ELEMENTS line 3 lines 4 to 3 number_of_elements NUM NUMREF LIST_OF_NODES gt NUM number of the element gt NUMREF reference number of the element gt LISTE OF NODES
136. oundary conditions at the interface for the solid calculations This can be the case in the cooling process of a metallic object by water jets air jets or by natural convection classic approach consists of approximating the effect of the fluid by heat exchange laws Unfortunately imposing these coefficients may lead to significant errors of measurement where local parameters of the fluid temperature and the associated heat exchange coefficient are difficult to determine Figure 6 3 Example cooling of the internal baffle structure of a nuclear reactor At the conclusion of the coupled calculations the thermal results can be transferred to a mechan ical code to determine the mechanical stresses originating from thermal phenomena SYRTHES can give the results in MED format 5 6 via a specific utility program avalaible in the SYRTHES package syrthes4med30 which can then be read for example by the mechanical code Code Aster Accessibilit EDF Page 40 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 7 General Environment This chapter gives an outline of SYRTHES architecture and the tools that accompany it In the first paragraph an overview is given In the second paragraph the organization of the kernel of the code is described as well as its input and output files des med msh neu unv Mesher generator Convers
137. p D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 7 describes the architecture of the software which can help the user organize the sim ulation In particular this chapter outlines the different files and tools which are used both up and downstream of a calculation It describes in detail the utility programs used to produce the files in the different post processor formats Chapter 8 concerns data files used during a calculation Chapter 10 is entirely devoted to the input of the parameters for the calculation this being a major step in the successful completion of a study All the parameters and their impact on the calculation are explained in detail Chapter 12 concerns the user functions Note that in numerous cases it is not necessary to employ these functions the use of keywords or of the function interpr t e being sufficient Each of these functions is described in detail Chapter 14 offers a possible methodology to do a calculation Users may thus find valuable information assembled in the chapter to develop the most appropriate working method of their own Finally the appendix includes the description of the formats of different Syrthes data and result files as well as recapitulative tables which synthesize the input and give the user rapid access to the information 2 3 How complete is this manual The objective of this manual is to describe the use of SYRTHES not to describe the num
138. pects Fundamentally space is three dimensional Occasionally the phenomenon acts independently following one direction in space Very often the validity of an approximation is directly related to the experience of the user It is thus tempting to resolve the phenomenon in only the corresponding sub space which greatly reduces the difficulty and the cost of the study From this perspective and to avoid hampering the possibilities of interfacing with CFD codes SYRTHES can also execute Cartesian 2 dimensional and axisymmetrical simulations 3 1 2 1 Cartesian bidimensional simulations 2 dimensional approximation l ed ca Figure 3 1 Bidimensional approximation Accessibilit EDF Page 16 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The equation is thus written in a 2 dimensional space z y therefore the temperature physical property of the materials boundary conditions and all relative elements to the simulation are dependent on only two spatial variables The discretization of the equation 2 1 is done on a finite element 3 node triangular mesh given by the user generated for example by SIMAIL or IDEAS MS Only right angles of the triangles can be used 3 1 2 2 Axisymmetrical bidimensional simulations Other cases exploit the fact that in certain problems revolution symmetry exists in one part It is for example
139. quence will be easier Three time steps options are possible e constant the same time step will be used throughout the calculation only one value needs to be provided to the code e automatic the time step is calculated automatically by the SYRTHES function of the gradient of the temperature In this case an initial time step needs to be input and the maximum of temperature variation authorized between two successive time steps Finally a maximum value of the time step is requested in order to set it when the convergence is attained e by blocks several constant time steps can be defined during the calculation For example the first ten time steps are of 1 5s the next 30 time steps are of 0 5s and the 100 subsequent time steps are at 1s gt Global number of time steps Description Number of time steps at which the code will stop Keyword NOMBRE DE PAS DE TEMPS SOLIDES Value integer gt 0 Default gt Time step Constant gt Time step in seconds Description Choice of one constant time step Keyword PAS DE TEMPS SOLIDE Value real gt 0 Default Accessibilit EDF Page 59 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt Time step Automatic Description Keyword Value Keyword Value Default Choice of one automatic time step based on the temperature grad
140. ration which represents the vast majority of cases only one band is present per cell and thus only the flux needs to be imposed File Tools Preferences Help La 9 Bia Run SYRTHES gt Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Conduction Radiation coupling Imposed temperature Imposed Flux Problem with aperture Conduction Initial conditions Imposed radiation flux per band Only on radiation faces not coupled with conduction rend os Band flux per band W m References User comments Physical properties Volumetric conditions Periodicity G v Radiation Spectral parameters View Factor amp Material radiation propert Solar modelling User C functions Control Output Running options Screenshot Figure 10 31 syrthes gui Window Radiative Imposed Flux The corresponding keywords are the following gt Radiation Imposed Flux Description Definition of the radiative faces at imposed flux and values and possibly by per band Keyword CLIM_RAYT FLUX IMPOSE PAR BANDE BANDE FLUX IN W M2 REF Value integer 0 lt real list of integers Default NO DEFAULT VALUE Accessibilit EDF Page 87 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 8 8 Window Boundary conditions Problem with aperture This is a very specific window and must only be
141. rd CLIM_T_PROG RES_CONTACT ref_groupe_1 1 ref groupe 2 Value user c user_limfso to program Default a 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 68 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 10 6 2 5 Infinite radiation tab Infinite radiation boundary condition The value of the emissivity of the surface and the infinite temperature C must be input here File Tools Preferences Help 5 Biz Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Heat exchange Flux condition Dirichlet condition Contact resistance Infinite radiation Conduction Initial conditions Boundary conditions Control Output Infinite radiation 51 Deg 1 7 T External T References Physical properties DRE Volumetric conditions Constant v Periodicity Ej Constant v User C functions Constant amp Constant v Running options Constant Screenshot Figure 10 11 syrthes gui Window User comments Boundary conditions Infinite radiation gt Boundary conditions Infinite radiation Description Boundary condition of type Infinite radiation Keyword CLIM_T RAY_INFINI Too References Value Reale 0 1 real Default 0 T 20 Keyword CLIM T FCT RAY INFINI References Value 2 function f z y z t Default 0 T 20 Keyword CLIM_T_PROG RAY
142. rds relative to radiation ie keywords in the paragraph Data for Radiation DON NEES POUR LE RAYONNEMENT are not read unless the keyword PRISE EN COMPTE DU RAYONNEMENT CONFINE was previously positioned to oui e Keywords relative to humidity transfer ie key words in the paragraph DONNEES COMPLEMENTAIRES POUR LES TRANSFERTS COUPLES Complementary data for coupled transfers are not read unless the keyword MODELISATION DES TRANSFERTS D HUMIDITE was previously positioned to oui e Most of the parameters have default values Once placed in the directory corresponding to the case being studied SYRTHES graphic interface will be launched by typing syrthes gui 10 2 Genaralities concerning the tables in the syrthes gui in terface For the functioning of SYRTHES several types of variables must be read It is possible to distin guish a part of the parameters by simply defining a value It is possible for example to cite the definition of the value of the time step SYRTHES accepts a real value which will define the latter But there are also more complex data such as the initial conditions boundary conditions and physical conditions Input data in the code a list of conditions must be provided In these cases syrthes gui will propose a definition of the values in a table Figure 10 1 shows an example of such File Tools Preferences Help Control Output Running options amp Bia Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Cal
143. re vapor pressure and optionally the total pressure if the model with three equations is activated Another data can be found that is not currently used in the SYRTHES code it will be used in future versions having a heat exchange coefficient of water in its liquid state Its value even if it appears in the interace is not interpreted or set at 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 95 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 File Tools Preferences Help c 5 Bia Run SYRTHES gt Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Boundary condition T C Pv in Pa Pt in Pa z Humidity Type T ext ext Pv ext Hpv ext Pt ext Hpt ext liq Referer Initial conditions Material properties Constant v Volumetric conditions User C functions Constant v Control Constant Output Running options it Screenshot Figure 10 38 syrthes gui Window Boundary conditions of the humidity models The corresponding keywords appear as the following gt Humidity Boundary Conditions Description Constant coupled boundary conditions in T Pv and Pt Keyword CLIM HMT HHH T EXT HT EXT PV EXT HPV EXT PT EXT HPT EXT Value real real real real real real references Default No value corresponding to an adiabatic and watertight wall Description Constant coupled boundary conditions in fu
144. re 10 34 corresponds to a choice of a model that is more complete where temperature vapor pressure and the total pressure will be programmed Once again certain data relative to these three equations must be input File Tools Preferences Help Lia amp pu Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES 62 Calculation Progress File Names Case title v Humidity User description of the case Initial conditions mm Material properties YR H ES Coupled Boundary conditi Volumetric conditions V 4 0 0 User C functions Control Output Running options Dimension of the problem 2D cart v Additional physical modelling Thermal radiation Ej Humidity Heat moisture total air pressure transfer Conjugate Heat Transfer Screenshot Figure 10 34 syrthes gui Window Humidity option with 3 equations model activated For the keywords file this choice can be seen as the following form D Humidity Description Activation of transfers coupled with mass and temperature Two models are available model with 2 equations temperature and vapor pressure and model with 3 equations temperature vapor pressure and total pressure Keyword MODELISATION DES TRANSFERTS D HUMIDITE Valeur 0 2 3 Defaut 0 10 92 1 Control window This window corresponds to the extension of the control window of a thermal calculation alone The part concerning the time steps is unchanged the notion of an
145. reover most meshes have the problem of orientation of the boundary cells Defining the interior points of the biomorphic undulating volumes in which the radiation can propagate by multiple reflections enables the reorientation of the cells of the surfacic radiation mesh In two dimensions the coordinates of the points x y are to be given in meters In three dimensions the coordinates x y z are to be given in meters certain rigor is necessary to enter non ambiguous coordinates gt View Factor Management Description Coordinates of the interior points Keyword RAYT Px Py Pz IN 3D Value real real real in 3D Default NO DEFAULT VALUE To take an example the 2D problem described in figure 10 25 corresponds to the following key words RAYT VOLUME_CONNEXE 0 5 0 5 RAYT VOLUME_CONNEXE 1 5 0 5 4 1 4 Calculation domain Corresponding radiation mesh Figure 10 25 Example of the definition of interior points in 2D 10 8 3 Window View Factors symmetry and periodicity This window corresponds to the data necessary to calculate the view factors in certain particular configurations When a problem includes one or more symmetries both in the behavior as well as in the boundary conditions it is more interesting to work on a reduced portion of the domain The data input at the moment of the calculations of the view factors must be specified Note that indeed the radiation being a phenomenon of thermal transfer o
146. responding include file kmt_lib_mon_materiau h The following functions are defined for each material e fmat const my material definition of the constants of the material e fmat ftauv my material calculation of the volumetric humidity rate e fmat falpha my material slope of the sorption isotherm e fmat fkrg my material relative permeability of gas fmat fkrl my material relative permeability of liquid Accessibilit EDF Page 102 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 e fmat fklambt my material relative conductivity of humid material e fmat fpiv my material diffusion coefficient of the vapor in the material e fmat fhm my material complementary latent heat Ohm e fdhmtauv my material 757 e fmat fbetap my material e fmat my material e fmat fdht my material 11 2 3 How are the diverse functions used In a loop on the elements the following are included e material of the current element nmat humid mat i e the structure constmateriaux nmat contains all the constants of the material nmat e a function can be called directly with fmat nom nmat param tres Example fmat ftauv nmat constphyhmt constmateriaux nmat pve i psat t 11 2 4 How can a new material be defined This section discribes how it is possible to add a new material in the material library As the source code
147. ric mass and the heat capacity are constant but where the conductivity is defined by an interpreted function CPHY MAT 150 FCT 7700 460 0 07223 0 005211 tt 1 197e 5 tt tt 24 23 26 9 3 Interpreted functions in SYRTHES Once the functions have been defined in the user data file syrthes data a specific pre processor ppfonc syrthes interprets and generates the corresponding C functions Generally this phase is hidden to the user because it is integrated in the script command to run SYRTHES The command for manual use of the pre processor is provided ppfonc syrthes syrthes data syd Once the code has finished being executed the file util fct c is made available which will be taken into account at the moment of the execution of the code Accessibilit EDF Page 52 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 10 Parameter file Generally the SYRTHES parameter file is named syrthes data syd which is not imposed and can be changed whenever desired However for convience and clarity this appellation will be used in this document This file is made up of keywords with default values which must be input 10 1 Genaralities concerning the data file syrthes data syd This file is input through the user interface syrthes gui By following the different interface rubrics the input data are defined All data are stored in the file syrth
148. ricsource termis 205 so 4 soon ooo Rom m ec x Due Do ees 24 8 1 7 Contact resistanc s Loon oos ss 9 Roos ode e RG DA da es 24 4 Thermal radiation function and specificities 27 Ceneralities 222 22 sas L4 X e Roos xo boh sce he midi 27 4 2 The treatment of thermal radiation in SYRTHES 28 43 Validation luos soo goo D en don ERA Ros oho E ok PUR E ew nud 28 dd Geometreg s ln pis pacs ares XA Ge le Ae e Roh X Re RS SR RR 28 45 Physical proprios uus sona De polonais sure 29 4n Boundary conditions e oe rosa asd e RU Row don ant abuse 29 AY Soler radiation iu xn xm gene T oue Y ST RO P Y RN 30 AT l Calculation of solar radiation 2 2 30 OS XR ee AR e RUE X RUE S des sen 32 52 2 hckhagnge eRe ed now Soap 9 Rea ee ee RSS oe o RES 32 ATA Tewatapl e 2 4 24 xot Rd oe Pe ee bee RR ee eas 32 Accessibilit EDF Page 5 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 5 Heat and mass transfer function and specificities 35 amp l PhysicaladGdel 2 c s sosa 4 4 608 4 on oko Roe gom die fais 35 5 1 1 Equation de conservation de la masse d eau 36 5 1 2 Equation de conservation de la masse d air sec 36 5 1 3 Equation de conservation de la chaleur
149. roperties of materials in the calculations of conduction or conduction radiation It is not used for coupled heat and mass transfers tempss physical current time seconds t maillnodes npoin temperature at each solid node struct Maillage maillnodes mesh struct Prophy physol physical properties to input result of the function struct Meteo meteo data concerning the weather when necessary struct Myfile myfile personal file when necessary The variable characteristics are the following struct PasDeTemps pasdetemps all the information relative to time management Accessibilit EDF Page 108 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 e density physol rho i kg m e heat capacity physol cp i J kgK e thermal conductivity physol k i W mK for materials with isotropic behavior physol kii i physol k22 i physol k33 i for materials with orthotropic behavior or physol k11lil physol k22 i physol k33 i physol ki2 i physol ki3 i physol k23 i for materials with anisotropic behavior 12 3 3 Boundary conditions user limfso The laws of complex variation of the boundary conditions can be defined in this function for calculations of conduction or conduction radiation It is not used for coupled heat and mass transfers The boundary conditions are imposed on the boundary faces of the elements tempss physica
150. s de donn es MED V2 0 Rapport EDF DRD HI 76 2000 003 A Accessibilit EDF Page 143 143 EDF 2012
151. same body e radiation heat is transferred at a distance by electromagnetic radiation Convection is taken into account by the CFD code Conduction and radiation in a transparent environment are treated by the SYRTHEScode The study can be made by taking radiation into consideration in a semi transparent environment if the CFD code includes such a possibility The application of a theorem can establish for a solid the following type of equation 00 2 div Where p is the volumetric mass and is the specific heat of the material The temperature is unknown The left side of the equation constitutes the time dependence of the phenomenon the right side characterizes the way in which the heat is propagated in a continuous environment 4 represents the heat flux is here a volumetric source term This equation is applicable to the phenomenon of heat transmission in an environment with a single behavior At the domain boundary several types of phenomena can be separately or simultaneously present For the modeling of phenomena a panoply of boundary conditions is offered to the user and is detailed in a paragraph at the end of this chapter This equation can take diverse forms depending on the approximations that the user is ready to make relative to the case Cases where the geometric characteristics restrict the dimension of the simulation to 2 Cartesian or axisymmetrical are particularly detailed 3 1 2 Geometrical as
152. sequentially d FILE Defines the name of the data file for SYRTHES generally syrthes data syd r NB PROC RAY Defines the number of processors to use for the radiation calculation In cases with a radiation calculation it is possible to resolve the radiative problem on a number of processors different from the one used for conduction so that parallel calcula tions can be done relative to the size of the conduction and radiation problem The r option is only used if the number of processors is different for conduction and radiation If it is not defined the number of processors for radiation will be equal to that of conduction NB PROC RAY lt NB PROC is mandatory Option default NB PROC RAY NB PROC l FILE Redirects the standard output the calculation log in the file FILE v POSTPROC The conversion of the SYRTHES result file into a readable format by another post processor is done in this option Two formats are currently available Ensight POSTPROC ensight and MED POSTPROC med Thus at the end of the calculation both the SYRTHES files and the files in the requested format are obtained Optional default there is no conversion of SYRTHES result files to the format of a post processor Examples of a calculation run e Sequential execution output comments on the screen gt syrthes py n 1 d syrthes data e Sequential execution output comments written in the listing1 file and conversion of the results respectiv
153. series of n result files at different moments Each time step is composed of a heading followed by a table of variables 4 2 DD OK HO DH DH OK DH DK HO DH DH OK DH OH DH DK DH OH DK DH HO 2 4 21 DH 2k 2k a 42 SEO AOA 4 1 24 2 4 24 1 2k 2k 2 4 24 4 XXXNTSYR 3 xxx TEMPS 3 00000000000000000e 02 DT 1 00000000000000000 02 SE OOOO OOK ORK ARC ARI 2k 2k 4 24 24 kVAR TEMPERATURE TYPE NB 1632 3 324105218e 01 3 017225325e 01 2 796251301e 01 2 309401245e 01 2 247691786e 01 2 203925954e 01 2 626939269e 01 2 177092351e 01 2 495094400e 01 2 167852479e 01 2 391359628e 01 2 168633947e 01 Accessibilit EDF Page 130 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 2 168499125e 01 2 000057807e 01 2 000170335e 01 2 000056352e 01 2 168170661e 01 2 000061200e 01 2 000145612e 01 2 000066393e 01 2 168296751e 01 2 000063578e 01 2 000112158e 01 2 000072968e 01 2 168376981e 01 2 000064621e 01 2 000082052e 01 2 000077085e 01 2 168047768e 01 2 000173891e 01 2 000061129e 01 2 000080119e 01 2 168241924e 01 2 000178319e 01 2 000052194e 01 2 000081342e 01
154. sical model We consider that the porous media is constituted by three phases e a solid phase which is the skeleton of the material e a liquid phase constituted by pure water condensed in the pores of the material e a gaseous phase which occupies the rest of the porous network SYRTHES supposes that the 3 phases are in equilibrium they have the same temperature and the 2 phases of water are in equilibrium Accessibilit EDF Page 35 143 2012 Version 1 0 2 P User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 The model programmed in SYRTHES used the 3 variables wich are e the temperature e the partial pressure of water vapor P e the total pressure of the gas phase 5 1 1 Equation de conservation de la masse d eau d iper Yoa Ke 5 Vn 5 1 2 Equation de conservation de la masse d air sec Bp dT 1 a pi po S dp _ Tas m T dt TasT Pi TaT dt Ty Mas r v v Mas V 6 pMa Yp 2n ee Fp 5 1 3 Equation de conservation de la chaleur c ga EPasCpas L T A 27 ge n e L R Der n di V VT L T h 8 Vp L T hi uas Ki SB Vor 2012 Page 36 143 Accessibilit EDF
155. sion 1 0 gt Surface balance Description Keyword BILAN FLUX SURFACIQUES references Value Default gt Volume balance Description Keyword BILAN FLUX VOLUMIQUES references Value Default 10 8 Parameters for radiation The window only appears if the confined radiation option is activated on the Home interface window 10 8 1 Window Spectral parameters This window corresponds to the definition of wavelength intervals of each of the spectral bands which will be used during a radiation calculation if at least one of the materials has gray per band radiation behavior All of the spectral bands are defined in this table Note that in this table the bands are joined and ordered encompassing the entire range of the spectrum By default the number of spectral bands possible is 100 which is already quite considerable and is never reached in usual configurations Numerically by default the shortest wavelength is considered to be 106719 and the longest around 10m In the majority of configurations gray radiation only one band corresponds to the entire spectrum meaning section of wavelength 10e 19m 10m File Tools Preferences Help amp Bia Run SYRTHES gt Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names SYRTHES Radiation Spectral Band Definition wave length in m vw Conduction Band lowerBand upper Band User comments Initial conditions x Boundary condi
156. so included in this structure e myfile actif activation of the reading of a personal file e myfile nbvar number of variables to read e myfile nelem number of values per variable e myfile var myfile nbvar myfile nelem values of the variables After having input the number of variables and the number of values per variable to read in section 1 of the function the reading of the file is then programmed section 3 in the file format Accessibilit EDF Page 50 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 9 Interpreted functions As seen in previous chapters SYRTHES can handle variable physical characteristics boundary conditions physical properties In a great number of cases the variations of these parame ters are expressed in the form of functions dependent on space time and temperature To facilitate the definition of these variation functions and to limit the programming of the user functions to very specific and complex configurations SYRTHES defines these functions directly in the data file syrthes data syd 9 1 What can be defined with the interpreted functions SYRTHES accepts interpreted functions for the following parameters e Initial conditions of temperature vapor pressure and total pressure keyword CINI T FCT keyword CINI PV FCT keyword CINI PT FCT e Temperature boundary condit
157. ssible to program individual laws of variations directly The following can be defined in this function e The radiative properties of the material emissivity e The temperature of the radiation of the faces with imposed temperature e The radiation flux of the faces with imposed flux Accessibilit EDF Page 110 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 12 4 2 Function user solaire Personalized calculations for direct and diffused solar fluxes can be defined in this function when the solar radiation option is activated 12 4 3 Function user propincidence Complex radiation properties of materials relative to the angle of incidence can be defined in this function 12 5 Functions to assist with parallel computations In certain cases it is necessary to have personalized programs especially in particular post treatment cases For sequential calculations it is easy to access the values of a variable in the entire domain of calculation But when simultaneous calculations are required each processor can only see a portion of the total domain Thus it is necessary to use specific functions for the management of interfaces between the different processors To facilitate this several functions are proposed which can be called in a general way so that the execution can then be made sequentially or simultaneously The fami
158. syrthes4ensight transformation of a SYRTHES file to an Ensight data base formatted en quotecase use syrthes4ensight m geo syr r resul res o fich ensight geo syr name of SYRTHESgeometric file resul res name of SYRTHESresult file This file can be either the result file res containing only one time step or the transient file rdt which will treat n time steps fich ensight name of the file in Ensightformat Note that this file format can then be read by Ensight and paraview PARAVIEW 7 3 2 Conversion of results to MED format syrthes4med30 transformation of a SYRTHES file to a med data base MED 9 Use syrthes4tomed30 m geo syr r resul res o fichier med geo syr name of SYRTHES geometric file resul res name of SYRTHES result file fichier med name of file containing the mesh and results in MED format Accessibilit EDF Page 46 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 8 Data files relative to SYRTHES To do a calculation SYRTHES requires at least a parameter file where the case and the numerical choices can be precisely defined and a geometric file for the description of the calculation domain 8 1 Geometric Files 8 1 1 Conduction mesh This file is mandatory This file contains the mesh of the solid domain as well as diverse references applied on the nodes the boundary edges in 2D or faces in 3
159. t if the mesh file is not in SYRTHESformat the syrthes gui interface will automatically use the converter of format1 to have a mesh file in SYRTHESformat e Radiation mesh In the case where the thermal radiation is activated in the principle window the name of the radiation mesh must also be input Restart File In the case of sequential calculations it is necessary to input the name of the results file from which the new calculation can be launched Only the prefix must be given ra Accessibilit EDF Page 61 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 e Weather data Optionally a weather data file can be input including values that can be used in the boundary conditions for example File Tools Preferences Help Pm Run SYRTHES StopSYRTHES 62 Calculation Progress gt Conduction User C functions Control Output Running options Screenshot Conduction input file name and location Conduction mesh Radiation mesh Restart File Weather data optional Conduction output files names prefix and location Results names prefix Figure 10 5 syrthes gui Window File Names The second frame is dedicated to the Results Names files e Results names prefix the prefixes of the result files are defined here All the general files per
160. tale references Value real Default P 101300 Keyword CINI PT FCT Pression de vapeur references Value function x y z t Default P 101300 Keyword PT PROG references Value user hmt c user hmt cini to program Note that by default a temperature of 20 Cis proposed a coherent vapor pressure in particular inferior to the saturated vapor pressure and a total pressure corresponding to the ambient pressure 1 bar 101300Pa 10 9 3 Window Humidity Material properties In this window it is possible to specify where the different materials in the domain are found A list of materials for which the behavior is sometimes complex is linked to the Syrthes materials library and the references of the mesh File Tools Preferences Help Lj m pu Run SYRTHES gt StopSYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Material properties Y Material References User comments Initial conditions Material properties Ej BOIS PIN i Coupled Boundary conditi BOIS PIN v Volumetric conditions User functions Ej BOIS PIN Control amp BOIS PIN v Output Running options Screenshot Figure 10 37 syrthes gui Window Designation of materials in the humidity model This choice was made because the input of material characteristics is often complex and because in practice the simulations often use the same materials This also avoids calculations with material properties which vary from one conf
161. te radiation Here a boundary condition must not be confused with the calculation of the thermal ra diation in a confined medium On the domain boundary only the heat exchange which corresponds to the loss or gain by radiation of the object relative to its exterior sur rounding environment is calculated Both the emissivity of the material and the temperature of the environment can be defined These parameters will be the constants or the interface functions interpr t es in the data files or can be programmed in the user function user cond c user limfso symmetry In many studies the domain of calculation can be advantageously reduced if it has sym metries The calculation can thus be done on 1 2 1 4 or 1 8 in three dimensions of the domain For conduction a condition of symmetry is equivalent to a adiabatic zero flux condition which does not require any particular parameters It will not appear in the data files for conduction but it is mandatory to specify it in cases of thermal radiation Accessibilit EDF Page 22 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 e periodicity The periodic boundary conditions can be applied between two faces having any orientation the possible geometric transformation which enables them to be connected being any translation or rotation in space or composed of rotations following the three directions
162. temperature Imposed Flux Problem with aperture Conduction Initial conditions Boundary conditions Physical properties Volumetric conditions Periodicity Radiation Spectral parameters View Factor Material radiation proper Radiation faces references coupled with conduction Boundary conditions User comments Solar modelling User C functions Control Output Running options Solid conduction faces references coupled with radiation User comments Screenshot Figure 10 29 syrthes gui Window Radiation Boundary Conditions It is characterized by two frames the first concerns the face references of the conduction mesh which are coupled to the radiation thus a list of integers separated by blanks Because this list can be long a frame to write explicative comments is proposed optionally The second frame contains information symmetrical to the first to know the face references of the radiation mesh which are coupled to the conduction mesh thus a list of integers separated by blanks Because this list can be long a frame to write explicative comments is proposed Accessibilit EDF Page 85 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 optionally The corresponding keywords are the following gt Conduction Radiation Coupling Description Keyword Value Default Definition of
163. the face references of conduction coupled to radiation CLIM COUPLAGE RAYONNEMENT REF2 liste d integers NO DEFAULT VALUE gt Radiation Conduction Coupling Description Keyword Value Default Definition of the faces references of radiaton coupled to conduction CLIM_RAYT COUPLAGE_CONDUCTION REF2 list of integers NO DEFAULT VALUE 10 8 6 Window Boundary conditions imposed temperature In certain cases it is necessary to impose a temperature directly on the faces of the radiation mesh This can help to avoid the meshing of the adjacent solid or when it has an unknown form This can also correspond to configurations where the solid wall is non existant the door of an open over but for which the considered radiative space must be absolutely closed File Tools Preferences Help amp Bia Run SYRTHES Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Conduction Radiation coupling Imposed temperature Imposed Flux Problem with aperture Conduction Initial conditions Imposed radiation temperature per band Boundary conditions Only on radiation faces not coupled with conduction Periodicity v Radiation Control Output Physical properties Volumetric conditions Spectral parameters View Factor Material radiation propert Boundary conditions Solar modelling User C functions Running options Temperature C References User comments
164. tion Progress Periodicity of rotation Px Py Pz Face l Figure 10 19 syrthes gui Window Periodicity Periodicity of rotation gt Periodicity of rotation Description Keyword 2D Keyword 2D Value Default 2D Default 3D Declaration of a periodicity of rotation CLIM PERIODICITE_2D R 0 ref groupel 1 ref groupe2 0 ref groupel 1 CLIM PERIODICITE 3D R P Ay ref groupe2 3 or 7 real U F 00 0 P 0H 0PB 04 14 04 0 0 0 gt Periodicity of translation Description Keyword 2D Keyword 2D Value Default 2D Default 3D Declaration of a periodicity of translation CLIM PERIODICITE 2D T V V ref groupel 1 ref groupe2 CLIM PERIODICITE_3D T V V Vz REF GROUPEI 1 REF GROUPE2 2 or 3 real P010 08 0 P 0 P 0 P 0 A 1 4 0A 0 0 0 To summarize make sure that the geometric transformation enables the first group of references to be transformed into the second group 10 7 Management of code output Output window 10 7 1 Management of intermediary results At the end of the calculation SYRTHES provides a result file containing the values of the cal culated variables temperature and others in each node of the mesh In the case of the study of a transient or simply to evaluate the convergence of stable state calculations access to the entire temperature field
165. tions jm 1 1e 10 10 Gray solid Physical properties Volumetric conditions lm Periodicity v Radiation ms Spectral parameters u View Factor Material radiation propert Boundary conditions Solar modelling User C functions Control Output Running options Screenshot Figure 10 23 syrthes gui Window Definition of spectral bands Accessibilit EDF Page 80 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 gt Definition of radiation spectral band Description number and maximum minimum limits of the band Keyword RAYT BANDE LBD1 LBD2 Value integer real gt 0 r el gt 0 Default 1 10e 1 10 10 8 2 Window View Factors This window corresponds to the data necessary for the calculation of view factors The approach adopted by Syrthes for the treatment of confined radiation is based on the radiosity This is done through the calculation of a purely geometric quantity the view factors The view factor between two cells corresponds to the fraction of the hemispheric flux leaving the first cell and arriving at the second From a numercal point of view this corresponds to a complex calculation of quadruple integral for each independent couple of cells considered The number of these view factors is thus potentially considerable because it depends on square of the number of cells
166. to increase the number of iterations of the solver or to choose a smaller time step This is even more important when the calculation includes explicit conditions such as surfacic flux or volumetric source terms Evaluating the convergence In all numerical calculations the evaluation of the convergence is often delicate and worrisome Indeed there is no absolute criterion that can confirm that a calculation is converged It is necessary therefore to use a certain number of indicators which can help evaluate the convergence To cite a few e The behavior of the iterative solver reduction of the number of iterations necessary to obtain very accurate precision e The definition of probes at several strategic points in the domain an examination of this chronology can reveal curves with asymptotic tendencies e The analysis of results in the post processor the examination of the temperature profiles at diverse time steps shows the evolution of the temperature over time e The experience of the user 14 8 The generation of SYRTHES meshes The solid domain is discretized by a non structured mesh It is currently possible to use the meshes issued from the mesh generators SIMAIL IDEAS MS GAMBIT Salom GMSH During the generation phase it is necessary to bear in mind the following e Certain sensitive zones where the physical phenomena are important must be meshed more finely Accessibilit EDF Page 123 143
167. u meric tools which enable the simulation of phenomena having an impact on the different systems of the industrial process Indeed a flexible tool well adapted to the understanding of the phe nomena and to parametric studies is now available It is with this objective that the Syrthes code of thermal conduction and radiation has been developed SYRTHES The manual includes the essential functions offered by SYRTHES for simulation as well as the method to apply them Accessibilit EDF Page 11 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 12 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Chapter 2 Some information concerning this document The purpose of this document is to render the SYRTHES 4 code of thermal solid and radiation easier and more pleasant to use The different functions of the code as well as the input data are described Moreover SYRTHES includes a particular function which enables it to be interfaced with a CFD code for the simulation of industrial configurations where the fluid and solid interact thermally SYRTHEScan be coupled with the CFD Code Code Saturne 1 2 1 For whom is this manual written The manual targets the occasional user with a good knowledge of pre and post processors having been train
168. ulation can be stopped at any time by clicking Stop SYRTHES In this case SYRTHES will finish the current time step and store the results File Tools Preferences Help Ca amp Bia Run SYRTHES gt Calculation Progress File Names gt Conduction User description of the case User C functions 5 Output Running options V 4 0 0 Case title Dimension of the problem 2D cart v Additional physical modelling Thermal radiation Humidity Heat and moisture transfer Conjugate Heat Transfer Screenshot Figure 14 6 syrthes gui Window Interruption of a calculation 14 4 Run a manual calculation without the syrthes gui 14 4 1 Step 1 Create a new calculation case A utility is available to automatically create a calculation case meaning that a directory containing a copy of all the files which will eventually be used for the calculation Thus a pre filled data file can be included where only the values of certain parameters will be modified syrthes4 create case cas 14 4 2 Step 2 Create a mesh and convert it to SYRTHES format The SYRTHES meshes are composed of 3 node 2 dimensional triangles or 4 node 3 dimensional tetrahedrons Accessibilit EDF Page 118 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 In the case where the radiative transfers are also resolved a se
169. used advisedly In certain configurations the radiation mesh does not correspond to a closed space This is typical of an oven door which when it is open to the exterior enables the interior of the oven to see or to be influenced by the external conditions T his window can thus be used to specify that the radiative problem is open and to indicate the temperature of an equivalent black body corresponding to the radiative ambiance of the exterior environment Once this option is selected the internal code cannot activate certain procedures to ensure energy savings Thus it is recommended in such situations to mesh the aperture with the assistance of fictive surface cells resulting in a radiation mesh closing the volume and to impose a temperature on these same radiation cells This solution is the most flexible several different temperatures can be imposed as well as a different emissivity from that of the black body File Tools Preferences Help La 9 Bia Run SYRTHES gt Stop SYRTHES Calculation Progress Home File Names Conduction Radiation coupling Imposed temperature Imposed Flux Problem with aperture Conduction Initial conditions Boundary conditions Radiation problem with an aperture Physical properties Volumetric conditions Periodicity Radiation Spectral parameters View Factor Material radiation propert Solar modelling User C functions Control Output Running options Temperature of the open spa
170. ut in diverse time steps Remark in radiation the discretization used is type Py meaning that the parameters are con stant per cell Accessibilit EDF Page 44 143 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 7 1 3 Storage Memory file for view factors This file mesh fdf is only used in calculations for the coupling of conduction radiation It is not directly exploitable by the user but stores information very expensive to calculate In the initial phase it is necessary to calculate the geometric parameters quantities which are the view factors generally considered as being costly with a large number of mesh cells The total number of view factors is n n 1 2 if n is the number of independent cells SYRTHES includes an option to save the parameters in the file which avoids the recalculation of the parameters for subsequent calculations Indeed these parameters are purely geometrical and remain constant if the geometry does not change T 1 4 Coupling SYRTHES with a thermal hydraulic code In the case of coupling SYRTHES with a CFD code the file organization remains unchanged The files relative to the fluid code are simply added to the SYRTHES directory A specific script will simultaneously launch both the fluid and solid applications using MPI 7 see chapter 6 7 2 Creating a mesh for SYRTHES As for any industrial calculations the
171. ween point x and y V z y is the function of visibility between points z and y This quadruple integral is often very difficult to calculate Once again see reference 2 for further details on this point 4 3 Validation The treatment of thermal radiation in SYRTHES was validated on a certain number of configu rations first step was to validate precisely the calculation of the view factors which constitute a key point in the treatment of radiation Comparative tests were executed on certain configurations where analytical expressions for simple cases exist Then more complex configurations particu larly cases with occluding faces were studied enabling the validation of shadows In the second phase tests investigating the solver of the radiative system were done Again the solutions proposed by SYRTHES were compared with analytical case study solutions In all cases studied very satisfactory results were obtained with SYRTHES See reference 3 for further details on the validation 4 4 Geometries As with conduction SYRTHES can handle radiation in Cartesian 2D axisymmetrical 2D and in all 3D situations 3The radiosity is the radiation flux which escapes from cell This parameter is often called form factor or view factor Accessibilit EDF Page 28 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 The treatment of axisymmetric
172. word CLIM COUPLAGE SURF FLUIDE nom cas CFD references Value Name of CFD case ie from repertoire Default Accessibilit EDF Page 98 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 e volumetric the domain fluid generally presents encumbered zones where the solid is ho mogenized and is represented in the fluid by loss of charge Inversely multiple fluid flows are not explicitely meshed in the solid and are also homogenized Only the effect on the fluid is taken into consideration on the solid typical example of this configuration is the case of a solid carried by a great number of fluid canals exchanger Fluid domain modeled Fluid with head losses and volumic thermal coupling echoes M 090 090 090 9000 A O O 0 0 0 0 lt 555220202060 Solid with volumic thermal coupling Real domain Solid domain modeled Figure 10 41 Example of a volumetric coupling application gt Conjugate Heat Transfer Description Surface coupling Keyword CLIM COUPLAGE_VOL_FLUIDE nom_cas_CFD references Value Name of CFD case ie from repertoire Default Accessibilit EDF Page 99 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 100 143 EDF 20
173. word value list of references CINI_PV 2800 1 CINI_PV_FCT 2800 x 1 CINI_PT 101300 1 CINI_PT_FCT 101300 x 1 Boundary conditions PV and CLIM_HMT HHH T_ext ht_ext PVext hpv_ext PT_ext hpt_ext References CLIM_HMT HHH 20 2 2600 4 101300 3 3 4 23 1 CLIM HMT FCT 20 2 2600 4 101300 3 34231 CLIM_HMT_PROG HHH 3 4 23 1 CLIM_HMT RES_CONTACT 20 30 50 CLIM_HMT_FCT RES_CONTACT 20 30 pv 50 CLIM_HMT_PROG RES_CONTACT Accessibilit EDF Page 138 143 EDF 2012 p User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 MFEE Appendix C Physical quantities and units of measurement Quantity Unit Meaning T C Temperature kg m Density Cp J kgK Heat Capacity k W mK Thermal conductivity p W m Surfacic flux W m Volumetric flux h W m K Heat exchange coefficient g W m K Contact resistance Qi degree Angles 4 W m Flux vector Pi Reflectivity Ei Emissivity Fij View factor Si m Surface radiation Accessibilit EDF Page 139 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Accessibilit EDF Page 140 143 EDF 2012 EDF R amp D MFEE User Manual for the SYRTHES code Version 4 2 Version 1 0 Appendix D e Internet links

User Manual SYRTHES 4.3

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents