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1. Setting Value Name Color map 1 Visible Iv Clip in cut away Clip above water table Max value Min value Upper limit Lower limit Clip at limits Semitransparent Palette J Rotate Shift Light Position Time If checked the component will not be visible in the cut Time day IV Synchronize time steps Options out portion of the model 2650 5 af H gt IV Live Update Apply Change the model time for Synchronous mode and switch between Sync Async modes Customizing the Color Legend As you may notice there are now two Color Legends appearing on the screen These Color Legends can be moved to any location in the 3D Display window to enhance the appearance of the image To move the Heads Color Legend click and drag the legend to the right hand side of the Display Area Adding a New Color To modify the color palette for the Heads Color Map Heads to highlight this data type under the Output data type Pallete button in the Display Settings Panel The Palette window appears 12 Value 19 E Reset Change color Add Delete OK Cancel Change the default color Value settings to 12 13 14 15 16 17 and 19 Click in the Value field on 17 Add button to add another color value A new color will be added to the palette for a Value of 18 The Palette window will appear as shown in the figure on the ri
2. Output Timefs day OK Cancel In the Output Time s list Type the following values 730 1460 J 2190 2920 3650 J 5475 7300 OK to accept these Output amp Time Step Control parameters This concludes the MT3D run options section of the tutorial There are many other run settings that have not been covered in this tutorial Fell free to investigate some of the other options available Section 12 Running the Simulation To run your simulation Run from the top menu bar An Engines to Run window will appear listing the available numeric engines as shown in the figure below Although the flow model will solve relatively quickly the contaminant transport simulation will take between 1 and 5 minutes to run to completion depending on the processor speed and amount of RAM on your computer If you are using this tutorial for introductory training purposes you can choose to either run the simulation for the model you have created or you can continue with this tutorial without running the model If you do not have time to run the simulation the Output data files are provided with the example projects To continue with this tutorial without running the model press Cancel and select the F10 Main Menu button from the bottom toolbar and then proceed from Module IV Output Visualization on page 50 To run the simulation follow the instructions below Visual MODFLOW Introd
3. mX axis MY axis Name Time days F Name Concentration mg L F Vas 9 raia mai W rocia M AutoMin Minimum f 103 3019 M AutoMin Minimum 1E 4 AutoMax Maximum U2 M AutoMax Maximum 119 92 x axis position at yd 0 Y axis position at do F Labels fi SEE Labels fi zle Logarithm Inverted V Logarithm Inverted The Concentration vs Time graph should appear as shown below Live update 3 Concentration vs Time E Y YMODNT Tutorial Airport J oj x File Edit view Options Help BE Ba AAAARLAQC2 BB MA Aas Concentration vs Time 10 OV Al Observed JP 4 OAN A Calculated UP 4 OWA Observed JP 4 OVV2 4 Calculated JP 4 ONSA Observed JP 4 OWSA Calculated UP 4 V Select highlight group L1 Layer 1 0wW1 0W1 QW2 0W2 W3 0W3 103 Concentration mg L 102 10 1 100 101 102 109 104 The comparison of the observed vs calculated concentrations should now be easier to make for the lower concentration values observed at OW2 and OW3 This graph can be printed saved to a BMP WMF EMF DXF JPG TIF GIF or PNG format file or the data can be exported to an ASCII TXT file using the File options from the top menu bar 0 2000 4000 6000 Time days Time days nfa Concentration ma L n a s File gt Exit to close the graph window Visual MODFLOW now allows you to export virtuall
4. N 0 300 600 300 500 1800 2000 1200 1500 Y 1478 7 Z 26 2 Row I Column 3 19 Layer K Return to Main Menu The upper aquifer aquitard and lower aquifer units should be plainly visible by the different colors of the Conductivity property zones as shown in the previous figure viewing column 19 Although the region where the aquitard pinches out is very thin the conductivity values of these grid cells should be set equal to the Conductivity values of either the upper or lower aquifers To do this you must return to the planar view of the model View Layer and click on Layer 2 In this particular example the zone of discontinuous aquitard is indicated on the DXF sitemap Next Zoom in on the area where the green circle delineates the discontinuity in the aquitard lt F5 Zoom In Move the mouse to the upper left of the discontinuous aquitard zone and click the left mouse button Then stretch a box over the area and click again A zoomed image of the discontinuous aquitard zone should appear on the screen Assign gt Single to assign a property to an individual cell A Conductivity Assign Single window will appear displaying the last K property that was entered Zone 2 Click on the up arrow key beside the Zone field so that Zone 1 is the active K property DO NOT SELECT OK AT THIS TIME Move the mouse into the discontinuous aquitard area defin
5. amp W amp lL 8 ag k HET Exaggeration factor faol iad Stay on top Iv HOA eoe amp Default Settings a YMOD Project Airport Axis a Site maps Sitemap Airport AirPhoto BMP Input I Domain H Grid Wells G A Properties Conductivity Storage Long dispersivity H Initial concentration H 6 Species parameters oS H E Boundaries M yY a oo po EHE ETE E Value Conductivity Iv Clip in cut away Show bitmap Semitransparent Zone settings I Rotate Shift Light Position Time Sets the current component to partially see through Time dey JV Synchronize time steps Options pos o d E IV Live Update Apply Change the model time for Synchronous mode and switch between Sync Asyne modes This view of the model data can now be saved for easy retrieval at a later time File Save scene configuration from the top menu bar The Save scene configuration window will appear as shown below Using this window the scene configuration can be saved with a Fsave scene configuration for Airport4 OF Xx user defined name and this configuration can be recalled every poe time the same project is opened Type a Configuration Name of Cutaway with plume at 3650 days OK If the most recently viewed scene configuration is saved using the name Default
6. Return to the plan view display of the model by selecting the View Layer button from the left toolbar and then clicking on Layer 1 in the model cross section Section 16 Concentration Contours In this section you will learn how to display your contaminant transport simulation results Maps Contouring Concentration from the top menu bar The concentration contours will be plotted for the first transport output time in this case the first transport output time is 730 days At this early time in the simulation the contaminant plume does not appear to have migrated far from the Refuelling Area However this appearance is somewhat misleading because the concentration contours are plotted using a normal scale automatically selected by Visual MODFLOW Section 16 Concentration Contours 58 A more effective and common method of plotting concentration contours is to plot the contour lines at ais e MV Automatic reset min max and interval values logarithmic intervals e g 0 01 0 1 1 0 10 100 etc ee inimum 200 mg L Automatic contour levels IV Custom contour levels Options button from the left hand toolbar Mesimum 1200 ma Interval 200 mg L 100 A Contour Options window for C O JP 4 will fees a i width appear as shown in the figure to the right m Contour Labels Notice that the minimum concentration value is 100 ae 2 i ecimals I
7. Light Position Time x Y Z a 1 yt izi Options AutoRotate Rotate model around the screen axes x up down Y left right Z rock side to side Your screen should now appear similar to the figure shown below Elvymon 3D Explorer E YMODNT Tutorial Airport a x File Edit view Options Settings Help e amp Fa ti aS FE E io Exaggeration factor a0 ixj Stay on top Iv Heese amp Default Settings H 6 YMOD Project Airport Asis Site maps Sitemap Airport AirPhoto BMP Input H Output Setting Save config on close Load config on open Background color Title T ime Label Axis Legends lnactive flow zone Eells x Li BE viJ al yr iio Z Lal wj wj zf _Dptions AutoRotate IV Live Update Apply Rotate model around the screen axes x up down Y left right Z rock side to side NOTE If your Airphoto map is not displayed you may need to modify your display settings in Settings gt Open GL Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 67 Section 21 Creating a 3D Contaminant Plume Next you will create a 3D volumetric representation of the contaminant plume located beneath the Refueling Area by creating an isosurface for a selected concentration value The Airphoto sitemap obscures the view of the model below it To remove the
8. Projection from the left toolbar To show the different hydraulic conductivity zones select the F9 Overlay button from the bottom menu bar An Overlay Control window will appear with a listing of all the available overlays that you may turn on or off amp Overlay List Filter and use the button to select Properties Uncheck List only visible overlays M Prop F Conductivities OK to show the cross section with the hydraulic conductivity layers Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 55 The display should look similar to the following figure col 30 isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport ymf 5 x File Maps Graphs Tools Help g Time Petevious PA Next Projection IO of gt oF Sr Oe o is rag Row I Column J 19 Layer K Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 Return to the plan view display of the model by selecting the View Layer button from the left toolbar and then clicking on Layer in the model cross section Section 15 Pathlines Recall that in the Input section we assigned five forward tracking particles near the Refueling Area The MODPATH program tracks the flowpaths of these particles as they travel through the groundwater system To view the fate of these particles amp Maps Pathlines from the top menu bar The default screen display will plot all of the pathlines as projections from the current
9. Aad condui p Delete contour s Right Click on the model domain Delete all custam Add labels Add contour s Delete label s Move label s Left Click the mouse pointer anywhere in the model domain to add a contour line for the head value at that location Any number of contour lines can be added throughout the model domain by clicking on the desired contour line locations When you are finished adding contour lines Right Click to exit the Add Contour mode Moving Contour Labels Next you will move contour line labels Right Click on the model domain Move label s Move the mouse pointer to the location of any contour label and then Click and Drag the label to a new location on that contour line When you are finished moving contour labels Right Click to exit the Move Label mode Next take a look at the site in cross section Select the View Column button from the left toolbar and move the mouse into the model domain Choose a column near the middle of the model domain by clicking the left mouse button Section 13 Head Contours 52 Notice that the minimum maximum and interval values for the contour lines are reset each time you change the view but the custom contour values remain The minimum maximum and interval values are reset to ensure that contour lines are optimized for all data in the current row column or layer However this reset option can be de activated in the contour options window if you wa
10. Exaggeration factor a0 ixj 3 F po E Stay on top v HEA eoe amp Default Settings B YMOD Project Airport Axis Site maps Sitemap Airport AirPhoto BMP H Input A 6 Output Heads Drawdowns Concentrations JP 4 Pathlines Auto reset palette Color legend Visible Title Text size Text color Frame Frame line color Frame fill color J Rotate Shift Light Position Time Time day IV Synchronize time steps Options 3650 5 aj T gt IV Live Update Apply Change the model time for Synchronous mode and switch between Sync Async modes The Slider button can be used to view the isosurface for any of the available output times Section 22 Visualizing Model Input Data Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer also allows you to display the model input data in 3D perspective s Input in the Model Tree Panel This will expand the Input branch to display the available input data categories which can be displayed using 3D Explorer Section 22 Visualizing Model Input Data 70 Now you will display the different Conductivity zones in the model 2i B Properties in the Model Tree ivi E roperties e Conductivity Era ani 3 z E Storage M Visible in the Display Settings E Long dispersivity H B Initial concentration EY Species parameters H
11. Head Equipotentials Contours Color Shading IV Automatic reset min max and interval values p Contour Lines IV Automatic contour levels Minimum 15 5 a pie hs s Custom contour levels Interval 10 25 m Color E s gt wah P H Contour Labels IV Visible Decimals 2 H Sze 5 4 Add X Delet Inserl h a Contouring resolution Speed Reset Apply OK Cancel Type the following values Interval 0 25 Decimals 2 You can also change the contouring speed and resolution by clicking on the pull down menu labelled Contouring resolution Speed For this exercise the default setting of Highest Slowest is fine Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 51 OK to accept these settings The contour map of the equipotential heads should appear as follows isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport mf E lol x Fie Maps Graphs Tools Help ES LLING wa Column 3 Layer K i 00 3900 1200 500 FE Er F8 F9 s Zoom g 2 Vert Over g EI i save Ora A on Elan h Pan fij exdg Ptay ea Men Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 All Output contour display screens have additional contour display options available by Right Clicking on the model domain This will bring up a shortcut menu with options to add delete and move contour lines and labels Adding Contour Lines To add some contour lines at selected locations
12. Section 24 Creating a Cut Away View 00 eee neces 74 Section 25 Creating a Color Map of Head Values gt n aD 00 0 76 Customizing the Color Legend aA eee ee eee eee nes 77 Section 26 Printing to a Graphics File 2 2 0 0 ee eens 78 Visual MODFLOW Order Form 0 6 ee eee ence nena 80 Introduction to Visual MODFLOW Visual MODFLOW is the most complete and easy to use modeling environment for practical applications in three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulations This fully integrated package combines MODFLOW MODFLOW SURFACT MODPATH ZoneBudget MT3Dxx RT3D MGO and WinPEST with the most intuitive and powerful graphical interface available The logical menu structure and easy to use graphical tools allow you to e easily dimension the model domain and select units e conveniently assign model properties and boundary conditions e run the model simulations e calibrate the model using manual or automated techniques e optimize the pumping well rates and locations e visualize the results using 2D or 3D graphics The model input parameters and results can be visualized in 2D cross section and plan view or 3D at any time during the development of the model or the displaying of the results For complete three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling Visual MODFLOW is the only software package you will need When you purchase Visual MODFLOW or
13. and e Visualize the results using two and three dimensional graphics For your convenience the Visual MODFLOW Demo version allows you to install a complete set of input data files and simulation results for the example model that you will build The instructions for the tutorial are provided in a step wise format that allows you to choose the features that you are interested in examining without having to complete the entire exercise Limitations of the Demo version The Demo version of Visual MODFLOW is fully functional and you may create open modify translate and run any model as long as the model meets the following restrictions e The grid is no finer than 40 Rows X 40 Columns X 3 Layers e There are no more than 3 property zones e There are no more than 2 pumping wells NOTE If you have purchased a license and are using this tutorial to familiarize yourself with the program keep in mind that some features are only available in a Pro or Premium version How to Use this Tutorial This tutorial is divided into five modules and each module contains a number of sections The tutorial is designed so that the user can begin at any of the modules in order to examine specific aspects of the Visual MODFLOW environment Each section is written in an easy to use step wise format The modules are arranged as follows Module I Creating and Defining a Flow Model Module II The Contaminant Transport Model Module III Running Visual MODFLO
14. and then clicking on Layer 1 in the model cross section view Next you will modify the storage values Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 33 Properties Storage on the top menu bar You will be transferred to the Storage input screen where you will modify only the default Specific Storage value but NOT the Specific Yield Effective Porosity or Total Porosity values amp Database from the left hand toolbar Type 1E 4 for Ss 1 m as shown in the figure below Ss 1 m Sy Tot Por O Active essere 1E 4 0 2 Jl i ray Mi M eamp Advanced gt OK Cancel OK to accept these values This concludes the section of the tutorial explaining how to assign constant value property zones For this example you have modified the Conductivity and Storage values for the model Visual MODFLOW also provides the same types of graphical tools for editing the Initial Heads estimates for the flow model and the model properties associated with flow and transport processes Section 5 Assigning Flow Boundary Conditions The following section of the tutorial describes the steps required to assign various model boundary conditions Assigning Aquifer Recharge to the Model In most situations aquifers are recharged by infiltrating surface water In order to assign recharge in Visual MODFLOW you must be viewing the top layer of the model Check the Navigator Cube in the lower le
15. b Source Line No 1 Help Next gt Cancel The Required Data frame lists the columns from the data file and the Match to column number frame is used to match the corresponding data to each data field as required by the wizard As shown in the above window Type the appropriate number in each field to match Column 1 to X coordinate Column 2 to Y coordinate and Column 3 to Elevation Once all columns are matched the Next button is activated Next to proceed to the Data Validation window shown below ad Data Validation View Edit Enors Station coordinate Y coordinate Elevation Station 1 0 17 0 _ Station 2 500 0 16 5 Station 3 1000 0 17 0 Station 4 1500 0 16 5 Station 5 2000 0 17 0 Station 6 0 500 19 5 Station 7 500 500 18 3 Station 8 1000 500 19 5 Station 9 1500 500 18 3 Station 10 2000 500 19 5 Station 11 0 1000 20 3 Station 12 500 1000 18 1 Station 13 1000 1000 20 3 Station 14 1500 1000 18 1 Station 15 2000 1000 20 3 Station 16 0 2000 21 2 Station 17 1000 2000 19 1 Station 18 2000 2000 21 0 Source Line No 1 Help lt lt Back Finish Cancel Since no invalid entries offending cells would be highlighted with a red color are detected it ensures that the data set contains valid data and that data points are located within the model domain as depicted in the Coordinate System and Units window shown below Finish to procee
16. dialog will appear prompting for the X2 and Y2 world coordinates of the selected Section 1 Generating a New Model 18 location for X2 type 1619 for Y2 type 1863 e Click OK A box will appear around the map region e Click OK to continue A confirmation message will appear displaying the filename of the georeferenced image e Click OK to continue If the map image was correctly georeferenced the river and runway locations should match up closely with those digitized in the AutoCAD Sitemap dxf file The display should now be similar to the one shown below Visual MODFLOW E YMODNT Tutorial Airport ymf E olx File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles 2Bud Tools Help a 1653 3 Y 1978 9 z 15 0 Row iI 1 500 1800 2000 Column Ji 25 Po om FE on FS vert E2 Quer a Laver fk 1 in out erag Grid edit module The site map properties can be defined in the overlay control F9 Overlay Control button from the bottom toolbar Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 19 Overlay Control E X Overlay Orde User Defined i Default Settings Overlay List Filter A Available Overlaps List only the visible overlays PT Particles z BC T Point Source z BCIT Evapotranspiration Cone BCIT Recharge Conc BCIF Stream Cells BCIF Drain BC F General Head BCIF River BCIF Constant Head FropiT Species Parameters BC T Constant Conc
17. layers you will need to vertically exaggerate the cross section F8 Vert Exag from the bottom of the screen A Vertical Exaggeration window appears prompting you fora vertical exaggeration value Type 40 OK The three layers of the model will then be displayed as shown below Section 2 Refining the Model Grid 22 isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport ymf d l Ioj x File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help View Column Click on the corners of an area to be zoomed in From the figure you can see that each layer has a uniform thickness across the entire cross section However nature rarely provides us with geology that conforms to flat horizontal layering with uniform layer thickness modifying layer surface elevations for the finite difference model grid From importing USGS DEM files to specifying a constant slope using Strike and Dip information no other graphical interface offers a more complete set of features for designing the model grid layer surfaces Visual MODFLOW supports importing of variable layer elevations from a variety of data files including e Points data XYZ ASCII files TXT ASC DAT e MS Access Database files MDB e MS Excel files XLS e ESRI Point files SHP e USGS DEM files DEM e Surfer grid files GRD e ESRI grid files GRD and e Mapinfo grid files GRD new Visual MODFLOW provides a dramatically imp
18. 1000 x im Type the following values over the numbers shown on the screen Display area X1 02 Yt 0 X2 2000 Y2 2000 Model Origin X 0 yY 0 gt Angle 0 Model Corners X1 0 Y1 0 gt X2 2000 Y2 2000 OK to accept the model dimensions A File attributes window will appear to indicate that the Sitemap dxf is being saved inside the Visual MODFLOW project with the name Airport Sitemap MAP OK The Input menu will open and a uniformly spaced 30 x 30 x 3 finite difference grid will automatically be generated within the model domain The Grid and site map will appear on the screen as shown in the following figure Section 1 Generating a New Model 16 visual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport vmf Ee Joj x File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles zBud Tools Help Previous FEE PEE PEELELEL LL LI PEG Hee EEE Rom fT Column 7 Layer kK Grid edit module By default the Grid screen is loaded when you first enter the Input module Add Air Photo At this time you may add an additional map for improved visualization you will add an airphoto of the site in bitmap format F4 Map button from the bottom toolbar A dialog will appear where you can specify the file to import Browse to vmodni Tutorial Airport At the bottom of the dialog under Files of Type Graphics File from the list Airport Airphoto bmp
19. Obviously a negative concentration value is not O Croa possible in a natural environment This negative wan M i E RA concentration value is a result of numerical dispersion ian encountered during the solution of the contaminant transport simulation s O Automatic contour levels to remove the automatic contour line Ss M Custom contour levels Type the following custom contour levels in the text boxes provided 10 100 500 1000 4000 Although this is not a strict logarithmic scale it does provide a much better representation of the concentration contours Next you will increase the drawing speed of the concentration contour lines by changing the Contouring resolution speed setting from Highest Slowest to High Slow Finally you will turn the color shading option on to display a color map of the concentrations Color Shading tab The Color Shading options will appear as shown in the meze figure to the right Contours Color Shading MV Use Color Shading Range of Values Cut off Levels eo Mi Use Color shad i ng Minimum E oo mg L M Lower Level os mg L Maximum hoo mg L I Upper Level ob mg L In the Cutoff Levels section Ranges to color Transparency 300 F e M Lower Level 10 The Lower Level setting will clip the color map at 10 mg L all concentration values below 10 mg L will not be shown on the color map The Lower level setting of 10 mg L is an action level If the co
20. Prop T Initial Cone Prop T Dispersion Prop T Bulk Density Gen one Budget Prop F Initial Head BC F Evapotranspiration BCIF Recharge Prop F Storage OOOO WE Sort Alphabetically a E 3 Delete Apply OF Cancel For the remainder of this tutorial the screenshots will not display the airphoto you may keep this visible if you wish Map Airport Airphoto Bitmap checkbox to turn off this map OK This concludes Section 1 Generating a new Model In the next section you will refine the model grid Section 2 Refining the Model Grid The Grid screen provides a complete assortment of graphical tools for refining the model erid delineating inactive grid zones importing layer surface elevations assigning elevations optimizing smoothing the grid spacing and contouring the layer surface elevations This section describes the steps necessary to refine the model grid in areas of interest such as around the water supply wells refueling area and area of discontinuous aquitard The reason for refining the grid is to get more detailed simulation results in areas of interest or in zones where you anticipate steep hydraulic gradients For example if drawdown is occurring around the well the water table will have a smoother surface if you use a finer grid spacing Also layer properties can be assigned more correctly on a finer grid To refine the grid in the X direction Edit Grid
21. Pump Wells input screen Notice that the left hand toolbar buttons now contain well specific options for importing adding deleting editing moving and copying pumping wells Before you begin adding the pumping wells for this model zoom in on the area surrounding the water Supply Wells text in the lower right hand section of the model domain F5 Zoom In Move the cursor to the upper right of the Supply Wells text and click on the left mouse button Then stretch a zoom window around the supply wells location markers and click again to view the selected area To add a pumping well to your model Add Well Move the pointer to the western pumping well location marker and click the left mouse button to add a pumping well at this location A New Well window will appear shown below prompting you for specific well information Type the following information Well Name Supply Well 1 zi D gt H Model coordinates World coordinates X 14145 wa s m Y 555 m2 9 71 m Screened Intervals b pK y 535 m Screen Bottom m Screen Top m PES OO i5 To add a Screened Interval Click in the column labelled Screen Bottom and Type the following values TRAS M A R E Start day End day Rate m 3 d pio 7300 Screen Bottom m 0 3 7 Screen Top m 5 0 Notice the well screen interval appears in the E e ea a well bore diagram on the right hand side of the Smells w
22. Users Manual In addition Visual MODFLOW now supports MT3DMS y 5 1 including support for zeroth order reactions Note The MT3DMS MT3D99 and RT3D PHT3D transport engines allow for multi species contaminant transport MT3D150 allows only a single species to be modeled Yes radio button to enable the Transport Simulation options In this example MT3DMS is selected by default and will be used for the simulation Under the Units section select the following information for each model input data type Length meters Time day Conductivity m sec Pumping Rate m43 day Recharge mm year Mass kilogram Concentration milligrams liter Next to accept these values Step 2 Flow Settings In Step 2 the following window will appear displaying the default parameter values for the Flow simulation Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 11 E MODNT Tutorial Airport EE x Flow Option Project Inf airport Saturated Constant Density uses MODFLOW 2000 from HI Time Optio Start Date 3 rr2005 Start Time 12 00 00 4M Run Type Steady Stake Flow Steady State Simulation Time 7300 Default Parameter PaameterName Yawe its O Eyapotranspiration Extinction Depth Next gt Cancel Help type 7300 for the Steady State Simulation time The Start Date and Start Time of the model are corresponding to the beginning of the simulation time period Currently this date is relevant
23. fi OK to accept these recharge concentration values amp F6 Zoom Out to return to the full screen view of the model domain Section 9 Adding Observation Wells In the final step before running the simulation you will add the three observation wells to the model to monitor the JP 4 jet fuel concentrations at selected locations down gradient of the Refueling Area The first observation well OW 1 was installed immediately down gradient of the Refuelling Area shortly after the refuelling operation started The other two observation wells OW2 and OW3 were installed two years later when elevated JP 4 concentrations were observed at the first well OW I You can add the Concentration Observation Wells individually using the toolbar options on the left hand menu or you may import well data from a variety of file formats including ASCII TXT Excel XLS ESRI SHP or MS Access MDB In this section we will import concentration observation wells data from an Excel spreadsheet as shown in the following figure E Concentration wells A 7 ell Name X coordinate Y coordinate Screen ID Screen Elevation Observation Time JP 4 Conc 7 o1 A OW 760 1640 A 16 5 730 60 760 1640 16 5 1460 280 16 5 2190 750 16 5 2920 16 5 3650 16 5 730 16 5 1460 16 5 2190 16 5 2920 16 5 3650 16 5 730 16 5 1460 16 5 2190 16 5 2920 16 5 3650 760 1640 760 1640 760 1640 610 1415 610 1415 610 1415 610 1415 810
24. file from the list Import DXF BMP file Look ir E Airport e a AirPhoto sa Airport 4irPhoto sa Airport AirPhoto sa Airports AirPhoto sa Airport4 AirPhoto Files of type Graphic file brop gif jpo prg tif Cancel e Open Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 17 A Select Model Region dialog will then appear as shown below a Select Model Region z E m File Options Help o ala e m E kii Georeference Paint m m m 2 m Model Origin k 0 m ki 0 m Angle s Model comers 1 0 1 me HAs 20 NH Colurans 30 Show Grid In order to map the pixels of the image to a coordinate system the image must have two georeference points with known coordinates These georeference points can be defined using the procedure described below For this image the two points have been marked with a red X and are located at opposite ends of the airport s main runway and are circled in the image above To set the georeference points e Click on the red X located on the left side of the map A Georeference point dialog will appear prompting for the X1 and Y1 world coordinates of the selected location Georeference point l 71 OF Cancel e Enter the X1 and Y1 coordinates for this point for X1 type 502 for Y1 type 1212 e Click OK e Click on the red X located on the right side of the map A Georeference point
25. gt Edit Columns A Columns window will appear showing the options you have for editing the grid columns By default the Add option is selected and new grid lines can be added by clicking the mouse on the desired location of a new grid line Move the mouse anywhere in the grid Notice that a highlighted vertical line follows the location of the mouse throughout the model grid This line may be used to add a column at Section 2 Refining the Model Grid 20 any location within the model domain In this exercise you will refine the model grid in the refueling area near the water supply wells and around the discontinuous aquitard border Refine by Leave the default value of 2 as the refining criterion C Add Click anywhere on the blue background to activate the model domain ee Move the mouse cursor over the model and click at following X coordinates do not worry if you cannot hit the exact values simply click on the column closest to this number Hint Use navigation cube for assistance Region 1 e X 670 e X 940 Region 2 e X 1070 e X 1140 Region 3 e X 1340 e X 1600 As you click on any pair of columns each interval between them is divided into two by an extra column amp Close to exit the Columns window Next you will refine the grid in the Y direction around the refuelling area the area of discontinuous aquitard and the supply wells Edit Grid gt Edit Rows Refine by Leave the defa
26. histograms time series graphs mass balance graphs and zone budget graphs Upon entering the Output section Visual MODFLOW will automatically load the available Output files for Head HDS and Drawdown DDN for all output times Once these data files are loaded the Output screen will appear The first time the Output section is opened Visual MODFLOW will display the site map and the head contours for the current layer row or column see figure below When the Output display settings are modified Visual MODFLOW will always recall the most recent Output display settings If the Airphoto map shows up in the output you may disable it using the Overlays dialogue Your Output window should now appear as follows Section 12 Running the Simulation 50 isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport vmf E Sifa xj Fie Maps Graphs Tools Help E Export Layer gt Row D s00 2000 Column 7 Layer K 1 Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 Section 13 Head Contours By default the contouring algorithm will automatically choose contour settings where the minimum maximum and interval values are attractive However if you do not like the default contour interval or line color you can customize the contour map settings To access the contouring options for Head Equipotentials Options from the left toolbar The C O Head Equipotentials window will appear C O
27. layer of the model as shown below Section 15 Pathlines 56 isual MODFLOW E YMODNT Tutorial Airport mf Oj x File Maps Graphs Tools Help Previous Next Projections x 2296 0 Yi Z Row I 300 Column 7 FY F5 2 FG 2 Fr F8 Vert E oqul E zoon EE ees Layer K 1 Pathline module To remove the velocity vectors from the Output display select the F9 Overlay button from the bottom menu bar and select the M Show only visible overlays option The Overlay List will now include only the overlays currently being displayed Scan down the listing towards the middle and deselect Vel Vectors OK to remove the velocity vectors from the Output display To show the pathlines in the current layer only select the Segments button from the left toolbar This will show only the pathlines that are in the active layer of the model Use the Next layer button from the left toolbar to advance through each layer of the model to see where the particle pathlines are located Projections to see all pathlines again Note that the pathlines have direction arrows on them indicating the flow direction These arrows also serve as time markers to determine the length of time before a particle reaches a certain destination To determine the time interval for each time marker select the Options button from the left toolbar and a Pathline Option window will appear as shown below V
28. map from view Site maps in the Model Tree er Airport AirPhoto BMP O Visible Now the model domain is clearly visible p Output in the Model Tree This will expand the Output branch and you will see a listing of the available Output data categories m Concentrations This will again expand the tree to include a listing of the S E Output available concentration species The Airport4 model only gt ea simulated a single contaminant species with no degradation ae on reactions so there will only be a single entry JP 4 under the sof Pathlir wall Concentrations branch of the Output tree Create contour Create color Field se JP 4 to highlight it amp Right Click on JP 4 to see a popup list of display elements as shown in the figure above G Create isosurface An Ilsosurfaces properties window will appear as shown in the following figure F J lsosurtace properties lsosurtace name lsosurface 0 5 mg L Minimum value 0 Maximum value 1 644 05 lsqsurface value 0 5 sosurace calor fo W Show borders W Color from palette W Colormap on cut away Cancel This window allows you to specify the concentration value and the visual attributes for the isosurface Type the following information Isosurface name Ilsosurface 0 5 mg L Isosurface value 0 5 lt M Show borders lt J Colormap on cut away lt M Color from palette O R
29. number of rows columns and layers for the finite difference grid Enter the following number of rows columns and layers to be used in the model Type the following into the Model Domain section Columns j 30 Rows i 30 Layers k 3 Zmin 0 Zmax 18 lt M importa site map Next you must specify the location and the file name of the DXF background map Browse Navigate to the vmodnt Tutorial Airport directory and select the following file Sitemap dxf e Open Finish to accept these settings Visual MODFLOW provides support for importing and displaying multiple site maps using the most common graphics image formats including JPG GIF TIF PNG and BMP files Additionally a transparency setting may be applied to the imported images in order to display multiple images simultaneously or to view other model attributes underneath the site map image overlay new A Select Model Region window will appear prompting you to define the extents of the model area Visual MODFLOW will read the minimum and maximum co ordinates from the site map Sitemap dxf and suggest a default location that is centred in the model domain Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 15 FA Select Model Region E 10 x File View Options Help a eale SHN R EF U ELLING AREA Y2 1989 954 Model Origin xo 5004163 im Yo M5537 im Angle Model comers NR ows 40 HColumns 40 l Show Grid
30. only for transient flow simulations where recorded field data may be imported for defining time schedules for selected boundary conditions Constant Head River General Head and Drain Next to accept these values Step 3 Transport Settings In Step 3 the following window will appear displaying the default parameter values for the Transport simulation Section 1 Generating a New Model 12 En MODNT gt Tutorial Airport yme En x Transport Option Project Info airport DoD MTSDMS v 4 5 Public Domain Default Dispersion Parameters P ParameterName O ae ts O O H Long Dispersivity 10 m Horiz Long Dispersivity Yert Long Dispersivity Diff Coeff mn 2fday Variant Parameters Variant Title Matii Description Sorption papa Total Number of species f Reaction Mo binele reachiohe Mumber of mobile species f Are the reaction parameters constant or spatially warable 7 Constant Species Model Params Species Params Desenation Canmore Deseiton Mobis SCONCI aA 0 ConcO01 Component 001 New Species Delete Species Back Next gt Cancel Help In order to support all of the available options for the multi species reactive transport programs Visual MODFLOW requires you to setup the initial conditions for the contaminant transport scenario e g number of chemical species names of each chemical species initial concentrations decay rates partitionin
31. the contamination from this location will travel once it is in the groundwater The first step is to once again zoom in on the Refuelling Area er F5 Zoom In from the bottom toolbar Click the left mouse button near the top left corner of the Refueling Area then drag a window over the area and click on the left mouse button again to close the zoom window s Add gt Add Line to add a line of particles in Layer 1 Move the cursor to the middle left side of the refuelling area and click the left mouse button Stretch a line to the right side of the refuelling area then click again A Line Particle window will appear as shown in the following figure Section 6 Particle Tracking 40 Forward H C Backward 8 ki 1 5 F3 F5 F Z B gt Vert 3 Quer n i e E out awole Flay He Particle edit module The default number of particles assigned is 10 Change the number of particles to 5 of Particles 5 J OK The line of green particles through the refuelling area indicates forward tracking particles Now return to the full screen display ofthe model domain F6 Zoom Out from the bottom toolbar At this point the first Module of this tutorial has been completed and you have now successfully built a three dimensional groundwater flow and particle tracking model The next Module of this tutorial deals with setting up the contaminant transport model and assigning the propertie
32. the west well pumps at a constant rate of 400 m day Over the past ten years airplane fuel has periodically been spilled in the refuelling area and natural infiltration has produced a plume of contamination in the upper aquifer This tutorial will guide you through the steps necessary to build a groundwater flow and contaminant transport model for this site Introduction 8 This model will demonstrate the potential impact of the fuel contamination on the municipal water supply wells When discussing the site in plan view the top of the site will be designated as north the bottom of the site as south and the left side and right side as west and east respectively Groundwater flow is from north to south top to bottom in a three layer system consisting of an upper unconfined aquifer an intervening middle aquitard and a lower confined aquifer as illustrated in the following figure The upper aquifer and lower aquifers have a hydraulic conductivity of 2e m sec and the aquitard has a hydraulic conductivity of 1le m sec Recharge 10 cm year Aquifer Aquitard Aquifer Module I Creating and Defining a Flow Model The project creation wizard was re designed for version 4 1 Most of the default options and parameter values for flow transport grid and project are now set during the initial set up to avoid having to enter them later in various parts of the program Section 1 Generating a New Mod
33. you will only define these two slices Select to close the Select create slices window Section 24 Creating a Cut Away View Next you will create a cut away view of the model amp Options Select cut away from the top menu bar Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 73 This will open the Cut away properties window prompting you to select the surface you would like to use to define the cut away region For this example you will select the cross section you defined earlier To select the cross section to open the Vertical cut away slice pull down menu and select Cross section no 1 as shown below Cut away Properties EI Horizontal cut away slice active Vertical cut away slice M active Cross sectionnol CubAway type C Cut away before slice IY Active cut away Cut away after slice se Close The model display should appear similar to the figure below Notice that the conductivity zones are removed from the cut away region while the concentration isosurface remains This is possible because each displayed object has it s own Remove from Cut away setting In the case of the concentration isosurface you de activated this option Therefore the concentration isosurface is NOT removed in the cut away region Section 24 Creating a Cut Away View 74 FAlymop 3D Explorer E MODNT Tutorial Airport a x File Edit view Options Settings Help
34. 10 1415 A 16 5 730 0 g OWe2 810 1415 4 16 5 1460 1 10 OW 810 1415 4 16 5 2190 5 lal OW 810 1415 4 16 5 2920 20 eae OWe2 810 1415 4 16 5 3650 60 fae OW3 910 1140 4 16 5 730 0 114 OW3 910 1140 4 16 5 1460 D mS OWs3 910 1140 A 16 5 2190 0 _ 16 OwWs3 910 1140 16 5 2920 0 A ows 910 1140 16 5 3650 0 5 l Source Line No 2 Help Next gt gt Cancel In this window Type 1 in the Use column names in line field Match the column numbers to the corresponding fields When you are finished Next and the following window will appear a Import Concentration Well Data Well Name owl Owe Owe Owe Owe Owe OWS OWS OWS OWS OWS rPrerPrrrrrrrer Source Line No 1 Validate lt lt Back Einish Cancel Finish to import the wells When you are finished assigning Concentration Observation wells click the F6 Zoom Out button in the bottom toolbar to refresh the screen Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 45 To prepare for the next Module select F10 Main Menu from the bottom toolbar and select Yes to save your data Module III Running Visual MODFLOW Module III guides you through the selection of some of the MODFLOW MODPATH and MT3D run options that are available with Visual MODFLOW If you have skipped Module I amp II then you may start at this point by opening the Airport3 vmf project located in the Tutorial folder of the Visual MODFLOW installation di
35. 1415 910 1140 910 1140 910 1140 910 1140 910 1140 l blh Concentration Wells XLS lal 1 Peel SS 4 ee 6 Dyess 8 3 a oO bbb Wells Conc Observation Wells from the top menu bar You will be prompted to save your data se Yes Import Obs from the left toolbar Section 9 Adding Observation Wells 44 The Open input window will appear as shown below Change the Files of type field to Excel files XLS and browse for the data file Concentration wells XLS Look in ja Tutorial c File name Concentration wells Files of type Excel files LS hed Cancel Open to open the following window gd Import Concentration Well Data m Line range Delimitets gt All Use column names in line iE I Space M Comma ines e en ite 1 Sieh Enter list of line numbers and line ranges separated by commas For example 1 3 5 12 23 END User defined none Co ordinate syste Existing data ____ J World Model a Merge Replace Required Data Match to column number well Name 1 x co ordinate m 2 Y co ordinate m 3 Screen ID 4 Screen Elevation m 5 Observation Time day 6 JP 4 ma L 7 Ea p2 Owl 760 1640 4 16 5 0 me Ow 760 1640 4 16 5 730 80 4 Owl 760 1640 16 5 1460 280 fea ow 760 1640 4 16 5 2190 750 6 Owl 760 1640 4 16 5 2920 1100 a re Owl 760 1640 4 16 5 3650 1250 ete OWe2 8
36. B Boundaries Your screen should now appear similar to the figure below E V100 30 Explorer E MODNT Tutorial Airport sla Be pk yev ppi puny Hep FSH ALKA EG A Dagpsneso 20 Sy on op Dema being BOGOR amp EHE VMDO Project Aipa eri D Sec eee eS Long chapertivity EHE iria ceanii aion E Gy Species pause O BE ouda Roe Shit Light Posion Time Tima cha Fe Synchronize ime stepa Opera pes 4 F Change the model ieee lon Sprchiornrt mits ond cenit bagheta yraa dabei Notice that the concentration isosurface is now hidden by the hydraulic conductivity regions However it is still possible to view the isosurface by changing the hydraulic conductivity from solid to semi transparent lt M Semitransparent in the Display Settings Panel The isosurface should now be visible through the hydraulic conductivity zones The semi transparent option is available for most input parameters slices and isosurfaces EvO 30 Explorer E VMOOST Tutorial Airport ziez FS HLA EG M agso ise 40 up on top e iF OOSEoR t Detsut Setting x EH VMOU Pratt Aupert G m SG Sie msi Sien ENEE Rese Shin Light Posion Time Tene dew F7 Synchronize tine step Opens EE 4 F Change the model erai lor G yraihiiraeri faidi ardd send besheenen Gyrains ancebere Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 71 Section 23
37. Defining Surfaces Cross Sections and Slices 3D Explorer allows you to plot Color Maps and Contour Maps for selected model parameters on any horizontal vertical or cross section surface through the model domain However first you must define the locations and orientations of the planar surfaces The following section describes the process of creating a cross section and a horizontal slice through the model domain Options Define slices from the top menu bar The Select create slices window will appear as shown in the F5lSelect create slices Pim Es figure on right This window contains a list of all the horizontal Aa vertical and or cross section slices defined within the model a domain Currently the list is blank because you have not yet defined any slices z Edit Delete First you will create a cross section through the model Mody Select Cancel Help Cross section button This will open the Cross section window as shown below The default location for the cross section is a horizontal straight line from the left side to the right side of model domain In this example you will modify the default cross section line such that it cuts along a path from the North Central region to the South Eastern region of the model F cross section Heads E MODNT Tutorial Airport HDS aa 10 x Fie view Options Legends Tools Help Miew Layet 1 2 Vi
38. ESS 48 Section 11 MT3DMS Run Options 0 0 0 cc eens 49 MT3DMS SOIN CE SCHNGS 626 6 05 5480566 6 05464bbadude ae aeie ea ea e aeaa a 49 Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc MITSDMS Output Times 2 4 11004 ns9204cestaenttuesesiewhiuseheteeiteccaksecatsedans 50 Section 12 Running the Simulation 0 0 0 0 0 ccc cee eens 51 MODULE IV Output Visualization 0 ccc cee cece cece eee 51 Section 13 Head Contours 0 0 ee een e teen eee 32 Displaying a Color Map of Heads 0 0 0 eee eee e eee ees 54 Section 14 Velocity Vectors 20 cc eee e tenn eens 56 Secon 15 PADES seapraad err sen Cod oeta Coe hee hh de eee aeee eee 57 Section 16 Concentration Contours sessss assess eee eee 59 Section 17 Concentration vs Time Graphs 0 0 cc ccc cee ee ene 64 Module V Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer 0 eeeeees 66 Section 18 Starting Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer 0 0 0 0 00 eee 66 Section 19 Changing the Default Settings 0 0 0 0 eee 67 Section 20 Using the Navigation Tools 0 0 0 ccc eee eens 67 Section 21 Creating a 3D Contaminant Plume 0 0 00 0 0c eee 68 Customizing the Color Legend GG RM cee ee 70 Selecting Output Times 0 ccc gee eR eee eee 71 Section 22 Visualizing Model Input Data d a sesanan aana eee 71 Section 23 Defining Surfaces Cross Sections and Slices 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 ee 72
39. ET EEEE EEEE EEEE 14 Add Air Photo 4 NJ P NM oeer 17 Section 2 Refining the Model Grid a an a eee eens 20 Section 3 Adding Pumping Wells lt cnet eens 29 Section 4 Assigning Flow Properties 0 0 0 0 ce eee eens 30 Section 5 Assigning Flow Boundary Conditions 0 0 cee eee eee 36 Assigning Aquifer Recharge to the Model 0 ccc eee eens 36 Assigning Constant Head Boundary Conditions 0 0 ccc eee eee ees 37 Assigning River Boundary Conditions 0 0 eee eee e ene 40 Section 0 Particle Tracking 22 WF 0 06 44 644044 40h eo tri EERS DEAE En 42 Module II The Contaminant Transport Model e006 43 Section 7 Setting Up the Transport Model 0 0 ccc ene 43 Contaminant Transport Properties 0 0 0 eens 43 Viewing Sorption Properes a 2 00 04e adi weed vee et eee db ee eS Ene So hae eee de eau 43 Assigning Dispersion Coefficients 2 0 0 eee cece cent eee nes 44 Section 8 Transport Boundary Conditions 0 0 eee ene 45 Section 9 Adding Observation Wells 0 0 ccc cc eee eens 45 Module III Running Visual MODFLOW cece ces cccees 47 Section 10 MODFLOW Run Options 0 eee eens 47 MODFLOW Solver Options 404 saceede dee se dee hwdes tadu te hrn Seb iw 84444 E Gee eee es 48 Dry Cell Wetting Options 22 642 24 4565555 422006 ns oS 8 oe 46 rOSOS 54508 HESSE re SEARS
40. VMOD 3D Explorer re opens the project automatically with the Default saved settings To examine the model view from different angles the sliders on the Navigation Panel can be used to rotate the view or you can move and rotate the view as follows Right Click anywhere in the model screen v Shift Rotate Screen and Y G Rotate Screen X and Y Rotate Model X and Y With the left mouse button click and drag anywhere in the model screen Try to achieve several different views of the model and cut away isosurface The Auto Rotate tools located on the right hand side of the Rotate tab may wh Bile be used to continuously rotate the model image around the X Y and Z axes I By checking off one or more axes then using the Play and Stop buttons zi _Uptions you can start and stop the rotation of the image The Options button allows you to change the speed of rotation When you have finished rotating the model return to the previously saved scene configuration Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 75 File Load scene configuration from the top menu bar This will produce the Load scene configuration window Cutaway with plume at 3650 days OK Your screen will now be returned to the previously saved view Section 25 Creating a Color Map of Head Values Next you will create a colormap of the calculated heads plotted on the previously defined horizontal surface s Output in the Model Tree S E Output i O
41. Visual MODFLOW Premium Demo Tutorial Includes New Features of Visual MODFLOW and a Step by Step Tutorial Airport4 Timetaay 300 oO Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc Table of Contents Introduction to Visual MODFLOW cc www ccc ccc ec cceees 1 What s New in Visual MODFLOW 0 0 eens l New Features in Visual MODFLOW V 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 ccc nn eee eee eee l New Features in Visual MODFLOW v 4 0 0 0 00 aaee 2 Starting Visual MODFLOW 2 2 0 6 eee cece eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 2 ADOUPING IMENICE 5 4 cn0 cco cation td cad anA aaa hete adeeb aadene decades 2 Getting Around In Visual MODFLOW 0 0 nnne 3 E O aere ee REEE EE EE EE E EEE REEERE EEEE 4 Conie ne WE eses seene e EEr OEE R EEE ERENER gt Visual MODFLOW Premium Tutorial ccc cece wee e eens 7 IMEFOGUCTION 624464440464 ene bde ake oe eae Ghat Re meek eee eee bates eee oe ee eee d Description of the Example Model 0 0 0 cc cee eens 7 How to Use this Tutorial 0 0 ccc Go Ghin ccc cc cnn ccccccnneaes 9 Terms and Notations 2 ccc ccc QIU Nm ccc eens 9 Module I Creating and Defining a Flow Model 0c000 9 Section 1 Generating a New Model 006 6 ou ce eee 9 Sc a E ea ere ee ee So See Om PERENE ee ee Sere 10 ce aa ee ae ee oe ee CEEE ee Gee rere eee ee ee ee 12 ECD a org arate apogee tein bea eg ai ge ane ee oe eee ee he Ge eee es i NICD EEE A PEE gt E
42. W Module IV Output Visualization Module V Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 7 Terms and Notations For the purposes of this tutorial the following terms and notations will be used Type type in the given word or value Select click the left mouse button where indicated press the lt Tab gt key 4 press the lt Enter gt key Click the left mouse button where indicated eS double click the left mouse button where indicated denotes a button to click on either in a window or in the side or bottom menu bars The bold faced type indicates menu or window items to click on or values to type in Some of the more significant upgrade features included in the latest versions of Visual MODFLOW are described in italic form Description of the Example Model The site is located near an airport just outside of Waterloo The surficial geology at the site consists of an upper sand and gravel aquifer a lower sand and gravel aquifer and a clay and silt aquitard separating the upper and lower aquifers The relevant site features consist of a plane refuelling area a municipal water supply well field and a discontinuous aquitard zone These features are illustrated in the following figure REFUEILLING AREA OME OF CONTINUOUS ATPPOR AUT TARO SUPPLY D g HELLS wate RIVER The municipal well field consists of two wells The east well pumps at a constant rate of 550 m day while
43. a detailed description of the image a company logo and a project name El image editor Xx File Edit View Help S46R0 BE ek Qo 4 2 B m a 2 B one Airport4 B 13 D verses Time day 3650 5 wt Once the image and Page setup are completed File Print from the top menu bar of the Image editor window Section 26 Printing to a Graphics File 78 Previous versions of Visual MODFLOW offered limited options for customizing the print layout and a limited amount of space for description of the image being printed Visual MODFLOW includes a more flexible page layout designer for adding image descriptions project descriptions and a company logo Alternately the image can be saved to a graphics file in bitmap BMP Windows Metafile WMEP Enhanced Windows Metafile EMF JPG TIF GIF or PNG file formats File Save as graphics file from the top menu bar of the Image editor window A Save to file window will appear where you can select the file type and specify the file name and location File gt Exit to close 3D Explorer This concludes the step by step Demo tutorial for Visual MODFLOW and Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 79 Section 26 Printing to a Graphics File 80
44. any Waterloo Hydrogeologic software product you not only get the best software in the industry you also gain the reputation of the company behind the product and professional technical support for the software from our team of qualified groundwater modeling professionals Waterloo Hydrogeologic has been developing groundwater software since 1989 and our software is recognized accepted and used by more than 10 000 groundwater professionals in over 90 countries around the world This type of recognition is invaluable in establishing the credibility of your modeling software to clients and regulatory agencies Visual MODFLOW is continuously being upgraded with new features to fulfill our clients needs What s New in Visual MODFLOW The main interface for Visual MODFLOW has much of the same user friendly look and feel as the previous versions of Visual MODFLOW but what s under the hood has been dramatically improved to give you more powerful tools for entering modifying analyzing and presenting your groundwater modeling data Some of the more significant upgrade features in the latest version of Visual MODFLOW are described below New Features in Visual MODFLOW v 4 2 MIKE 11 Integration DHI s MIKE 11 software package is a versatile and modular engineering tool for modeling conditions in rivers lakes reservoirs irrigation canals and other inland water systems MIKE 11 is now integrated into Visual MODFLOW with the use of OpenMI te
45. ay l Recharge mmr I 100 OF Cancel New to create a new Recharge zone The Zone will increment to a value of 2 and the zone color preview box will turn blue Type the following values Stop Time day 7300 Recharge mm y 250 OK to accept these values The grid cells in the Refuelling Area will be colored blue to indicate they contain values for Recharge Zone 2 Now return to the full view of Layer 1 F6 Zoom Out Assigning Constant Head Boundary Conditions The next step is to assign Constant Head boundary conditions to the confined and unconfined aquifers at the north and south boundaries of the model As an alternative to clicking Boundaries Constant Head from the top Const Head menu bar use the overlay picklist on the left hand toolbar to switch from the Recharge overlay to the Const Head overlay scroll up the list to find Const Head Yes to save your Recharge data The first Constant Head boundary condition to assign will be for the upper unconfined aquifer along the northern boundary of the model domain To do this you will use the Assign gt Line tool Assign gt Line from the left hand toolbar Move the mouse pointer to the north west corner of the grid top left grid cell and click on this location to anchor the starting point of the line Now move the mouse pointer to the north east corner of the grid top right grid cell and Right Click on thi
46. ch are capable of running most simulations The Output section allows the user to display all of the modeling and calibration results for MODFLOW MODFLOW SURFACT MODPATH ZoneBudget and MT3D RT3D The output menus allow you to select customize overlay the various display options and export images for presenting the modeling results Starting Visual MODFLOW Once Visual MODFLOW has been installed on your computer simply double click on the Visual MODFLOW shortcut icon or click on Start Programs WHI Software Visual MODFLOW Visual MODFLOW Getting Around In Visual MODFLOW The Main Menu screen contains the following options Fie Input Run Output Setup Help File Selecta file utility or exit Visual MODFLOW Input Design modify and visualize the model grid and input parameters Run Enter or modify the model run settings and run the numerical simulations in either project mode or batch mode Output Visualize the model output simulation results using contour maps color maps velocity vectors pathlines time series graphs scatter plots etc Setup Select the numeric engine for both the flow and transport simulation s Help Get general information on how to use Visual MODFLOW A Microsoft compatible mouse performs as follows Left button This is the regular click button By holding it down on top of an input box and dragging the mouse it will also highlight the characters that will be overwritten by the nex
47. chnology providing the tools for integrated surface water groundwater flow PHT3D Integration PHT3D is a multi component transport model for three dimensional reactive transport in saturated porous media MT3DMS 5 1 Integration Support for MT3DMS v 5 1 which includes an option to simulate zeroth order decay or production as documented in Zheng 2005 Zeroth order reactions may be useful for describing certain types of biogeochemical decay or production In addition zeroth order reactions can be used for direct simulation of groundwater ages or calculation of parameter sensitivities New Features in Visual MODFLOW v 4 1 e Integrated the USGS SEAWAT 2000 engine to solve variable density flow such as seawater intrusion modeling problems e Integrated the latest release of USGS MODFLOW 2000 version 1 15 00 August 6 2004 e Integrated the MT3DMS version 4 5 e Implemented VCONT calculation options that allow you to chose between VCONT values calculated from the Ground Surface top of layer 1 or Initial Heads e Improved project creation wizard help you to choose the right numeral engines to meet your objectives e Support the new Geometric Multigrid Solver GMG solver from USGS e Support the latest Algebraic Multigrid Methods for Systems SAMG solver optimized for MODFLOW About the Interface About the Interface The Visual MODFLOW interface has been specifically designed to increase modeling productivity and decrease the
48. complexities typically associated with building three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport models In order to simplify the graphical interface Visual MODFLOW is divided into three separate modules e The Input section e The Run section e The Output section Each of these modules is accessed from the Main Menu when a Visual MODFLOW project is started or an existing project is opened The Main Menu serves as a link to seamlessly switch between each of these modules to define or modify the model input parameters run the simulations calibrate and optimize the model and display results The Input section allows the user to graphically assign all of the necessary input parameters for building a three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport model The input menus represent the basic model building blocks for assembling a data set using MODFLOW MODFLOW SURFACT MODPATH ZoneBudget and MT3D RT3D These menus are displayed in a logical order to guide the modeler through the steps necessary to design a groundwater flow and contaminant transport model The Run section allows the user to modify the various MODFLOW MODFLOW SURFACT MODPATH MT3D RT3D MGO and WinPEST parameters and options which are run specific These include selecting initial head estimates setting solver parameters activating the re wetting package specifying the output controls etc Each of these menu selections has default settings whi
49. ction 10 MODFLOW Run Options 46 Dry Cell Wetting Options During flow simulations it is common for cells to become dry when the water table drops below the bottom of the grid cell The dry cell thus becomes inactive and will NOT be able to re wet unless the cell wetting option is activated By default the cell wetting option is not active when a new model is created Therefore the cell wetting option must be manually activated as follows MODFLOW 2000 Rewetting The Dry Cell Wetting Options window will appear S M Activate cell wetting The remaining default settings for the Dry Cell Wetting Options as shown in the figure on the right are fine for this model Note the addition of two non standard options at the bottom of this window In instances where you are using a parameter estimation program like WinPEST the automated parameter adjustments that take place during the iterations may cause dry cells to occur where observations are encountered Typically this will confuse the parameter estimation program because MODFLOW assigns a calculated head value of le 30 for the dry cell However Visual MODFLOW gives you the option to assign the head value for dry cells as the cell bottom elevation Visual MODFLOW also gives you the option to prevent dry cells from occurring on the bottom layer of the model OK to accept the remaining Cell wetting options Dry Cell Wetting Options Cell wetting options Wet
50. d to the Coordinate System and Units window and then Select Model in the Coordinate System frame and Meters in the Elevation Units frame as shown below e Click Preview button Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 25 EA Coordinate System and Units Please select the coordinate system and measurement units of the file Airpt_gs asc Preview lt lt Co ordinate syste Plane unit C World gt Meters Model Geographic C User defined oF Wins C Feet OK and the following window will appear Create grid elevation Ground Surface i 2 D Previ ul i i E Ground Surface I Fred During Import review 3 D Preview Array Preview Options Import data be rm A N a MAS Ej R 0 xo E Ed Interpolation setting Data source ata T utorial Airpt_gs asc E Min Interpolator Natural Neighbours x Max Advanced gt gt Genera Minimum Layer Thickness m fi Data preview m m gt Station 1 0 0 7 Station 2 500 0 16 5 Station 3 1000 0 17 Station 4 1500 0 16 5 Station 5 2000 0 17 Station 6 0 500 19 5 Station 7 500 500 18 3 Station 8 1000 500 19 5 Station 9 1500 500 18 3 Station 10 2000 500 19 5 Station 11 0 1000 20 3 Station 12 500 1000 18 1 Station 13 1000 1000 20 3 Station 14 1500 1000 18 1 Station 15 2000 1000 20 3 Station 16 O 2000 eee Station 17 1000 2000 19 1 v kikikikikikikikikikikikikikikikika Undo Reset Prev
51. e concentration observation wells defined earlier in the model see following figure Concentration vs Time E YMODNT Tutorial Airport 7 7 3 iol x File Edit view Options Help H e AMAA RLAAaRD BE DA AAS Groups Points Species Concentration vs Time V Select highlight group ween a Ov JACObserved iJP 4 2000 ov2 A Calculated uP 4 amp OVWS A Observed UP 4 A OWS A Calculated UP 4 Concentration mg L 1000 0 2000 4000 6000 Time days Time days nja Concentration ma Li nfa This time series graph shows the calculated result using a line and point data series while the observation data is displayed only as data point symbols The observation data point symbols are the same color and shape as the calculated values but the observation data point symbols are slightly larger to make it easier to distinguish them This graph can also be presented using a log scale for the concentrations Right Click on the graph to see a popup menu Properties A Properties window will appear with a comprehensive selection of settings for customizing the appearance and settings for the graph Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 63 Under the Y axis section v Logarithm O Automin Minimum 1e 4 e Close EN Properties Axis Titles Series Legends General Info Minimum positive value to show for logarithmic scale f E 14
52. ed well Edit Well from the left toolbar and select the new pumping well currently named Supply Well 1 2 An Edit Well window will appear In this window Type Supply Well 2 in the Well Name field Type X 1463 Y 509 and Type 550 in the Rate m 3 day field OK to accept these changes e F6 Zoom Out Visual MODFLOW supports pumping well optimization using the Modular Groundwater NeW Optimizer MGO program This program is primarily used to determine the optimal well pumping and or injection rates at one or more wells in order to achieve a specific objective while maintaining reasonable system responses For more information refer to the Visual MODFLOW Users Manual Section 4 Assigning Flow Properties This section will guide you through the steps necessary to design a model with layers of highly contrasting hydraulic conductivities Properties Conductivity on the top menu bar Yes to save your data You will now be transferred to the Conductivity input screen where you will modify the default hydraulic conductivity values Kx Ky and Kz for each cell in the model Click on the Database button and Type the following values in the window Kx m s 2e 4 Ky m s 2e 4 gt Kz m s 2e 4 Ez m s 0 0002 Distribution Ama OK to accept these values Note that in this case the Kx Ky and Kz values are the Same indicating the Hydraulic conductivity i
53. ed by the green circle Press the mouse button down and drag it inside the area until the cells within the zone area are shaded white as shown in the following figure Section 4 Assigning Flow Properties 32 isual MODFLOW E YMODNT Tutorial Airport mf J i E Fie Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help 5 view Row fh Previous io 721 o Column 3 Fl F2 F3 FY FB 5 FE 5 Fr F8 vert E2 Queri Layer K fal save nap S in EA uth A Pan erag FAtay Benen Conductivity edit module If you accidentally re assign some grid cells that shouldn t be included Right Click on these cells to change them back to the original setting Once you are finished painting the cells click the OK button in the Conductivity Assign Single window F6 Zoom Out to return to the full screen display of the entire model domain To see the model in cross section e View Column Click on a column passing through the zone of discontinuous aquitard e g col 19 A cross section will be displayed as shown in the following figure isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport ymf i mje x Fie Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help EView Colum view Row o Previous 300 600 300 1200 1500 1800 2000 x 966 7 Y 1557 9 2 27 5 Row Ih Column 7 19 Layer K Return to the plan view by selecting the View Layer button
54. el The first module will take you through the steps necessary to generate a new model data set using the Visual MODFLOW modeling environment On your Windows desktop you will see an icon for Visual MODFLOW TrrHg eer K to start the Visual MODFLOW program To create your new model File from the top menu bar New A Create new model window will appear For your convenience we have already created a model following this step by step tutorial The model is located in the default directory C VMODNT Tutorial It is recommended that you create a new folder and save the new model in this folder To create a new folder gt B Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 9 Type in a new folder name ee on the new folder Type Airport in the File name field se Save NOTE If you choose the default directory C VMODNT Tutorial and type in the same Airport file name a warning message may appear if the Airport vmf file has already been created No to save your new model in a different folder or Yes to overwrite the existing model Visual MODFLOW automatically adds a VMF extension onto the end of the filename Next the Model Setup is described in four consecutive steps Step 1 Project Settings In Step 1 the following window is used to select e the desired Project Information e Units associated with various flow and transport parameters and e the desired Engines for the Flow and Transport simulati
55. emove in cut away Section 21 Creating a 3D Contaminant Plume 68 OK Your screen should now display an isosurface for a JP 4 concentration equal to 0 5 mg L at the first output time step of 730 days see figure below Elvymon 3D Explorer E YMODNT Tutorial Airport File Edit view Options Settings Help aw amp il Fad L FE ag EE io Exaggeration factor 40 ixj ORR i Re Stay on top V HEHE amp Default Settings YMOD Project Airport Axis Site maps Sitemap Airport AirPhoto BMP H Input 2 6 Output n H Heads a Drawdowns H 6 Concentrations 20 fo Pathlines w 18 x Auto reset palette EColor legend l Rotate Shift Light Position Time xD 2x0 pe Y Le E COM zd H zr _Options AutoRotate IV Live Update Apply Il Rotate model around the screen axes x up down Y left right Z rock side to side Notice that the concentration isosurface is clipped where the isosurface meets the water table 3D Explorer has built in logic that removes concentration isosurfaces above the water table Customizing the Color Legend To change the text color for the Color Legend JP 4 in the Model Tree to highlight it Color legend in the Display Settings panel The Concentration values on the Color Legend should now be visible b
56. enter the actual physical dimensions of the river at the Start point and End point of the line and then calculates the appropriate Conductance value for each grid cell according to the standard formula Type the following information for the River boundary condition Description Waterloo River s M Assign to appropriate layer s M Use default conductance formula S W Linear gradient Section 5 Assigning Flow Boundary Conditions 38 Note that when the checkbox beside the Linear gradient is checked two tabs Start Point and End Point appear in the window as shown in the following figure Start Point tab and Type the following information Stop time day 7300 River Stage Elevation m 16 0 River Bottom Elevation m 15 5 Riverbed Thickness m 0 1 Riverbed Kz m sec 1e 4 River Width m 25 River Assign Line File Help Description Waterloo River M Se I Assign to appropriate layer IY Use default conductance formula i Linear gradient Start point End point Edit selected rows or column l Start Time day Stop Time day a m Tagi Riverbed Bottom m End Point tab and Type the following information Stop time day 7300 River Stage Elevation m 15 5 River Bottom Elevation m 15 0 Riverbed Thickness m 0 1 Riverbed Kz m sec 1e 4 River Width m 25 OK to accept these values After the River boundary condition has been def
57. entials Gen Oy Col 4 aes Tabb in Cross Section Click on the left most column where the black triangle 3 20 tead Equpotentiats appears in the figure to the right next to C O Head Be Wee a Equipotentials to highlight this row completely in black p r v Grid Model Domain then click the Up Arrow button until it is moved above the C O JP 4 Overlay make sure the C O Head eee A p E y 4 Equipotentials Overlay is still selected to be displayed ci eas Me ae Finally you will remove the Pathlines Overlay from the Output display LJ PT Pathlines to disable the Pathlines Overlay OK The Output display should look similar to the following figure isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport mf E malizi Fie Maps Graphs Tools Help Column 7 Layer K MT3D RT3D Overlay C O JP 4 Time 730 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 Section 16 Concentration Contours 60 Place the cursor on the display results you will see the currently selected Time 730 days is reported in the Status Bar at the bottom of the window To see the Concentration Color Map and Contour Map for other Output times e Time from the left toolbar A Select Output Time window will appear with a list of the available Output times 1460 OK A plot of concentration contours will appear displaying the results from an Output time of 1460 days You can advance to the next time ste
58. er of inner iterations 50 Preconditioners erromensnrnmronn tt Jacobi Relaxation factor fi C SSOR C Modified Incomplete Cholesky M Dispersion tensor cross terms Lump all dispersion cross terms to the right hand side Include full dispersion tensor memory intensive Relative convergence criterion 0 0001 Concentration change printing interval co Time Step Control when Implicit Solver used Initial step size DTO fo day Multiplier ft Maximum transport step size 200 day Next you will define the output times at which you would like to see the contaminant transport modeling results MT3DMS Output Time steps from the top menu bar Section 11 MT3DMS Run Options 48 An Output amp Time Step Control window will appear The default setting for MT3D output control is to save only one set of concentration data values at the End of simulation only For this tutorial you will define Specified times at which you would like to see the simulation results Fill in and check off the following Simulation time 7300 days Max of transport steps 10000 Specified times days s Output amp Time Step Control Simulation time 7300 day s Max transport Steps fi 0000 Specify max stepsize f day s m Save simulation results at C End of simulation only C Every Nth time step N fio Specified times day s T Save CBM file
59. ew Column C ViewRow fi ziz Time 1 xim 0 2000 1000 1000 x m nfa v m nfa In some 3D visualization packages cross sections are required to be straight lines through the model domain With 3D Explorer cross sections can be defined along any polyline through the model domain These polylines are defined by a series of vertices By default the cross section starts with just two vertices a straight line but new vertices can be easily added by Right Clicking on the cross section line at the desired location of the new vertex To modify the existing cross section amp Drag the left vertex to a point just North of the Refueling Area Drag the right vertex to the southeast corner of the model domain amp Right click on the cross section line and select Add vertex A new vertex will appear on the line This vertex can be dragged to any location on the map Section 23 Defining Surfaces Cross Sections and Slices 12 Drag the new vertex to a location just southwest of the region where the aquitard pinches out as shown on the figure below Right click on the cross section line again and select Add vertex amp Drag the new vertex to a location between the second vertex and the southeast corner of the model as shown on the figure below F cross section Heads E MODNT Tutorial Airport HDS a E m oj x File view Opti
60. ft hand side of the screen to see which layer you are currently in The first boundary condition to assign is the recharge flux to the aquifer Boundaries Recharge from the top menu bar If you are working on a new model a Recharge Assign Default Boundary window will prompt you to enter the Stop Time Note that when the model was created a zero recharge rate was assigned to the model as default value Visual MODFLOW automatically assigns this recharge value to the entire top layer of the model Enter the following information in the Recharge window Stop Time day 7300 Recharge mm yr 100 OK to accept these values F5 Zoom In Move the cursor to the upper left of the refuelling area and click on the left mouse button Then stretch a box around the refuelling area and click again to close the zoom window Now you will assign a higher recharge value at the Refuelling Area where jet fuel has been spilled on a daily basis Section 5 Assigning Flow Boundary Conditions 34 Assign gt Window Move the cursor to the top left corner of the Refuelling Area and click the left mouse button drag a window across the refuelling area and click the left mouse button again The Recharge Assign Window window will appear Recharge Assign Window File Help Zone H Zone Mame Laver fi m _ Fecharge zone 1 alk Mew A E Edit selected row s or column Start Time day Stop Time d
61. g L column The species information is now set up properly and should appear similar to the figure shown below D YMOD 40 Tutoriali testing airport2 ymif Enoe a Transport Option Project Info airport DoD MT3DMS v 4 5 Public Domain Default Dispersion Parameters EE E ele ee ee eee Long Dispersivity m 1F Horiz Long Dispersivity Vert Long Dispersivity Diff Coeff mn 2fday Variant Parameters waiant Tile os Mar Description sorption Linear isotherm equilibriumn controlled Total Number of species Poo Reaction Mo kinetic reactions Number of mobile species i Are the reaction parameters constant or spatially yvanable Constant Species Model Params Species Params Besenatin Component Descrston Mebie SCONGImo SP1 Ano 0 JP 4 spilled jet fuel New Species Delete Species Back Next gt Cancel Help This completes the setup for the Transport Engine You are now ready to exit the Transport Engine Options window Next to continue Step 4 Model Domain Step 4 is Creating the Model Grid see figure below Section 1 Generating a New Model 14 Model Domain Background Map Import a site map Grid Columns 20 0O Rows i 20 min 0 m wmn D mw xmax 1000 m o Layers k La zmn Om Zma ooo m Cancel Help In this step you can Import a site map specify the dimensions of the Model Domain and define the
62. g coefficients etc Each scenario is referred to as a Transport Variant and you can have more than one variant for a given flow model By default Visual MODFLOW creates a variant named VAROO01 We will now edit this variant to setup the model for transport processes The default transport variant will use MT3DMS as the numeric engine with no sorption or reaction terms For this tutorial you will add a linear sorption process to the transport variant er in the Sorption combo box e Select Linear Isotherm equilibrium controlled For this tutorial you will not be simulating any decay or degradation of the contaminant so the default Reactions settings of No kinetic reactions will be fine Below the Sorption and Reaction settings are three tabs labelled e Species e Model Params e Species Params In the Species tab you will see a spreadsheet view with labelled column headings The last two columns are labelled with MT3D variable names The chemical species being simulated in this model is JP 4 Visual MODFLOW allows you to use the real names of the simulated chemicals in order to easily identify them in contour maps and graphs Type the following information for the chemical species Type JP 4 in the Designation column Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 13 Type Spilled Jet Fuel in the Component Description column e in the Mobile column and select Yes Type 0 in the SCONC mg L column Type 1e 7 in SP1 1 m
63. ght OK The Heads Colormap legend should appear similar to that shown in the following figure Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial T1 File Edit View Options Settings Help SSE ALAA EO A Evaggeraiontacto FO xj e OHM a Siyon m oms Airport4 a 13 HEH amp on 4 825079 416 425 29271 DES E Default Settings H 6 YMOD Project Airport4 E Axis Site maps Input Output 5 6 Heads i Dry Cells amp Water table Color map 1 Drawdowns Concentrations Pathlines BE S828 Bee ANSEF a Auto reset palette EColor legend so gt l Rotate Shit Light Position Time B mg Sets the color of the legend text OC E Safe Ba O V Live Update Apply Rotate model around the screen axes X up down Y left right Z rock side to side Section 26 Printing to a Graphics File At this point it may be desirable to generate a hardcopy print of the 3D model image to include in a report File Print from the top menu bar A high resolution bitmap image will be created of the on screen image and displayed in an Image editor window as shown in the following figure The Image editor window is used to preview the image that will be printed and to add text lines shapes and titles to the image The Image editor window can also be used to customize the Page setup to include
64. gns a set of default values for each of the dispersivity variables The following table summarizes these values Longitudinal Dispersivity Horizontal to Longitudinal Ratio Vertical to Longitudinal Ratio Molecular Diffusion Coefficient It is possible to assign alternate values for the longitudinal dispersivity by using the Assign gt option buttons from the left toolbar Assign gt gt Single The Dispersivity Assign Single window with default dispersivity value will be displayed If you have spatially variable dispersion at your site you can create Dispersivity Assign Single Zone il B Hew O Name Vae Ums Description PDI 10 m Longitudinal dispersryvity different zones of grid cells containing ok Cancel unique dispersion values However for this example you will use a uniform dispersion value for the entire model domain OK to accept the default value In order to modify the horizontal or vertical dispersivity ratios and or the molecular diffusion values you can use the Layer Options button from the left toolbar MT3D only allows the dispersivity ratios to be defined on a layer by layer basis they cannot be defined on a cell by cell basis For this example you will not need to modify the default dispersivity ratios OK to accept the default value Section 8 Transport Boundary Conditions In this section you will define the location and concentratio
65. iew lt lt Apply OK Cancel OK Before proceeding further and assigning the interpolated layer elevations to the selected model grid layer a Warning message appears to confirm that the model elevations are going to be changed AN The parameter s of layer changed Would you like to apply this parameter s se Yes Section 2 Refining the Model Grid 26 If the proposed changes to your model surface elevations would conflict with the head values of previously assigned boundary conditions a warning message would appear providing you with the opportunity to address the issue In this case no potential problems are detected Next you will import the surface elevations for the bottom of Layer 1 Import Elevation er associated with the Layer surface field and select Bottom of Layer 1 from the pull down menu E associated with the Options field and select Import data from the pull down menu s to select the Inverse Distance interpolation method 1 n er associated with the Data source field and select the Airpt_b1 asc from the vmodni Tutorial Airport folder to select the elevation data for the bottom of Layer 1 in the Open window es Open Match Column 1 to the X coordinate Column 2 to the Y coordinate and Column 8 to the Elevation Next to view the Data Validation window Finish to proceed to the Coordinate System and Units window Select Model in the Coordinate System frame a
66. indow The well screen interval can be modified by clicking and dragging the edge of the well screen to a new top or bottom elevation To enter the well Pumping Schedule click the left mouse button once inside the text box under the column labelled End day and Type the following information End day 7300 Rate m3 day 400 OK to accept this well information An end time of 7300 days was used because this simulation will be run for twenty years However since this will be a steady state flow simulation you can use any time value you like and the results for the flow simulation will not change A Steady State run means that the model is run using the first input value for each parameter until equilibrium is achieved irrespective of relative time The rate is entered as a negative number because this well is an extraction well If you have failed to enter any required data Visual MODFLOW will prompt you to complete the table at this time Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 29 The next step is to assign the well parameters for the second pumping well by using a shortcut This will allow you to copy the characteristics from one well to another location Copy Well from the left toolbar Move the pointer on top of the western well Supply Well 1 and click on it Then move the cursor to the location of the eastern well and click again to copy the well Next you will edit the well information from the new copi
67. ined the River grid cells will be colored dark blue as shown in the following figure Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 39 isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport vmf iol xj Fie Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help ares AMI LL H HH fort ft EE SS es ee a N T lT aR o o u ee a SS SS ee Column 3 Layer K 1 River edit module Visual MODFLOW has now integrated DHI s software package MIKE 11 allowing you to run a coupled MIKE 11 MODFLOW simulation The MIKE II model acts as a river boundary and provides surface water leakage data to the Visual MODFLOW simulation For a sample application of MIKE 11 and Visual MODFLOW please refer to the MIKE 11 Tutorial for more details please consult your Users Manual new Section 6 Particle Tracking Particle tracking is used to determine the preferred flow pathways for a groundwater particle starting from a known location In this section you will be guided through the steps necessary to assign forward tracking particles to determine the preferred contaminant exposure pathways Particles from the top menu bar You will be asked to save the Boundary data e Yes The Particle input screen will appear with the various options for assigning particles displayed along the left hand toolbar For this model you will assign a line of particles in the vicinity of the Refueling Area to determine where
68. isual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 57 Pathline option Tracking time Steady state amp Travel time to 7300 day Start in current layer Pathline al widhi Visible ime marker size zj Regular every F30 day Color scheme Custom Direction highlight Segments highlight Inward HM Marcon gt Outward HE Navy ki In FI G n Plane Ml Green Add X Delete rE Insert Reset OF Cancel In some instances you may want to see how far a contaminant might travel in a given amount of time For instance to see how far the particles would travel in 7 300 days Travel Time and Type a value of 7300 The Time markers should already be selected as M Visible Regular Every and Type a value of 730 in the day field OK to view the time related pathlines up to a time of 7 300 days Notice that none of the particles reach the water supply wells after 20 years Now view the pathlines in cross section to see a projection view of the pathlines as they travel through the different layers of the model View Column from the left toolbar Move the cursor across the screen until the highlight bar is in the vicinity of the zone of discontinuous aquitard and click on it The cross sectional view clearly shows all of the pathlines travelling horizontally in the upper aquifer and then vertically downwards to the lower aquifer through the hole in the aquitard
69. l domain View Layer button from the left toolbar Move the mouse into the cross section and select Layer 1 Assigning River Boundary Conditions If you look closely at the sitemap you will see the Waterloo River flowing along the southern portion of the model domain drawn ina light blue color The following instructions describe how to assign a River boundary condition in the top layer of the model amp _ Boundaries River from the top menu bar to enter the River input screen Assign gt Line from the left toolbar Beginning on the south west side of the grid and using the sitemap as a guide digitize a line of grid cells along the river by clicking along its path with the left mouse button When you have reached the south east boundary Right Click the mouse button at the end point of the line The grid cells along the Waterloo River will be highlighted in pink and River Assign Line window as shown in the following figure will prompt you for information about the river Traditionally the River boundary condition has required a value for the Conductance of the riverbed However the Conductance value for each grid cell depends on the length and width of the river as it passes through each grid cell Therefore in a model such as this with different sizes of grid cells the Conductance value will change depending on the size of the grid cell In order to accommodate this type of scenario Visual MODFLOW allows you to
70. l then appear with a variable layer surface Visual MODFLOW incorporates graphical selection and assignment of grid cell elevations NeW You can easily digitize the desired cell area using a polygon or rectangle selection or simply paint a group of cells and then assign a constant elevation to the top or bottom of the layer surface Built in data validation checks prevent layer surfaces from intersecting adjacent layers and provides suggested remedies in situations where this would occur The model cross section should appear similar to the following figure when viewing column 19 isual MODFLOW E modnt_data Tutorial Airport2 ymf a Oj x File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help F1 F2 F3 F4 OF F6 fF Fs ES 2 se Vert Over g Layer K Help MO out Atay Be Grid edit module Next you will return to the layer view of the model domain View Layer from the left toolbar Then highlight the top layer of the model and click left mouse button This will create a plan view of the Airport site Section 3 Adding Pumping Wells The purpose of this section is to guide you through the steps necessary to assign pumping wells to the model Wells from the top menu bar Pumping Wells from the drop down menu You will be asked to save your data Yes to continue Section 3 Adding Pumping Wells 28 Once your model has been saved you will be transferred to the
71. lar to the following figure isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport ymf File Maps Graphs Tools Help view Row x 587 7 Yi 46 5 2 31 Row I 0 Column 1 Fl F2 FY FES Ee oF FB yertl 3 overl E10 mai Layer K ave rtap Ain A out A Pan fiera Alay Bune MT3D RT3D Overlay C O JP 4 Time 7300 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 Section 16 Concentration Contours 62 The exporting capabilities of Visual MODFLOW have been greatly expanded providing a full suite of common graphical image and GIS formats including Tecplot DAT ESRI SHP AutoCAD DXF GIF JPG TIF PNG and BMP with options for increasing image resolution and controlling image quality of graphics image files These high resolution images can either be exported to a separate graphics file for manipulation with third party editing software or inserted directly into a report document Section 17 Concentration vs Time Graphs In this section you will learn how to compare the observed concentration data to the concentration values calculated by the model Graphs Time Series Concentration from the left toolbar You will then be presented with the graph for Concentration vs Time enabling you to view the breakthrough curves at each of your concentration observation wells A All from the Groups box on the left side of the window Apply You should now be viewing the breakthrough curves for each of the thre
72. le amp Output from the top menu bar of the Main Menu Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 65 F2 i The 3D Explorer can now be launched by clicking the F2 3D icon located on the bottom toolbar When 3D Explorer is launched directly from Visual MODFLOW it will automatically open the active Visual MODFLOW project data files with the associated sitemap overlays and the vertical exaggeration setting The first view of the model is a full domain view with the Visual MODFLOW project name at the top of the 3D Display window When the 3D Explorer window is first opened it will appear as shown in the following figure The Model Tree Panel contains a structured listing of the data classes available for the selected Visual MODFLOW project The Display Settings Panel controls the visual attributes for each display element The Navigation Panel controls the on screen orientation and rotation of the 3D graphical images and the position of the light source These will be referred to frequently throughout the remainder of this tutorial fie pH Yew Option Gethin Hele eG LAaeIEO a Sumy on op he HORE amp i Dasi Setting SHE YMDU Propect Aipa METI Model Tree Panel Display Settings El Rotate shat Light Postion Time wu YEI ZI Za Depp the Guten Gomer on Ard ofl imi mj quash or F Live Update Arey Flotete model around the rosen amen HW a updos kefthight Z a r
73. lly much faster than the explicit solution method Click the button in the Advection term frame and select Upstream Finite Difference To select the GCG Solver M Implicit GCG Solver se GCG Options Solution Method xj MSolution Options V Implicit GCG solver Advection Upstream Finite Difference Dispersion Reaction and Source Sink Solve Implicitly U sing lalla so C SolyeE yplicity Time Steps and GCG options Initial step size DTO Maximum Step Size 0 Multiplier Min sat thickness bon fraction of cell thickness Courant number fo OK Cancel The Implicit GCG Solver Settings window will appear as shown in the following figure Though the Upstream Finite Difference method and the Implicit GCG Solver are computationally efficient the tutorial simulation tracks contaminant transport over a20 year period In order to speed up the modeling process you will use a non linear time step Type the following information in the fields at the bottom of the window Multiplier 1 1 Maximum transport step size 200 OK This will return you to the Solution Method window Type the following values for the Minimum Saturated Thickness and Courant Number Min sat thickness 1E 2 Cournat number 7 5E 1 OK MT3DMS Output Times Implicit GCG Solver Settings IV Translate Implicit GCG Solver Package Maximum number of outer iterations fi Maximum numb
74. n direction Value 0 0002 assigned property values are assumed horizontally and vertically isotropic ae ee However anisotropic property values can be assigned to a model by modifying the Conductivity Database Bean Wp Visual MODFLOW now imports additional model properties including Initial Heads Initial NeW Concentrations and Dispersivities Visual MODFLOW v 3 0 originally introduced the Section 4 Assigning Flow Properties 30 capability to import and interpolate Conductivity and Storage zone distributions from external data sources including XYZ ASCII TXT files MS Access MDB files MS Excel XLS files and ESRI Point and line SHP files The ability to map property zones and recharge zones from ESRI Polygon SHP files is also included with Visual MODFLOW In this three layer model layer 1 represents the upper aquifer and layer 3 represents the lower aquifer Layer 2 represents the aquitard separating the upper and lower aquifers For this example we will use the previously assigned hydraulic conductivity values Zone 1 for model layers and 3 representing the aquifers and assign different Conductivity values i e anew Zone for model layer 2 representing the aquitard Note that layer 1s the top model layer Goto from the left toolbar The Go To Layer window will appear Type 2 OK You are now viewing the second model layer representing the aquitard The next step in this tutorial is to assign a lo
75. n of the contaminant source The source of contamination will be designated at the refuelling area as a Recharge Concentration that serves as a source of contamination to infiltrating precipitation Boundaries Recharge Concentration from the top menu bar You will be prompted to save your data se Yes Check to ensure that you are viewing Layer 1 Notice the dark blue grid cells near the Refuelling Area These grid cells indicate where Recharge Zone 2 is located The Recharge Concentration input screen automatically displays the different aquifer Recharge zones to help you assign the Recharge Concentration values in the appropriate areas Once again zoom in on the area of interest at the Refuelling Area F5 Zoom In and stretch a zoom window over the refuelling area Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 43 Next assign the concentration to the natural recharge entering the model at the refuelling area Assign gt Polygon from the left toolbar Move the mouse around the perimeter of the Refuelling Area clicking on the corners of the area with the left mouse button then Right Click to close the polygon The area will become shaded in a pink color and the Assign Recharge Start Time day Stop Time dey JP 4 mg L Concentration window will appear prompting you to Type the following Code 1 Import OK Cancel Stop Time day 7300 JP 4 mg L 5000 Assign Recharge Concentration Code
76. n to anchor the starting point of the line Now move the mouse pointer to the north east corner of the grid top right grid cell and Right Click on this location to indicate the end point of the line A horizontal line of cells will be highlighted and a Constant Head Assign Line window will appear Type the following values Description CH Lower Aquifer North Stop Time day 7300 Start Time Head m 18 Section 5 Assigning Flow Boundary Conditions 36 Stop Time Head m 18 OK to accept these values The pink line of grid cells will now turn to a dark red color indicating that a Constant Head boundary condition has been assigned to these cells Next assign the Constant Head boundary condition to the lower confined aquifer along the southern boundary of the model domain Assign gt Line Move the mouse pointer to the south west corner of the grid bottom left grid cell and click on this location to anchor the starting point of the line Now move the mouse pointer to the south east corner of the grid bottom right grid cell and Right Click on this location to indicate the end point of the line A horizontal line of cells will be highlighted and a Constant Head Assign Line window will appear Type the following values Code description CH Lower Aquifer South Stop time day 7300 amp Start Time Head m 16 5 Stop Time Head m 16 5 OK to accept these values The
77. nd Meters in the Elevation Units frame OK to import the elevation data Apply in the Create grid elevation window Next you will import the surface elevations for the bottom of Layer 2 and Layer 3 er associated with the Layer surface field and select Bottom of Layer 2 from the pull down menu E associated with the Options field and select Import data from the pull down menu eo to selectthe Inverse Distance interpolation method f associated with the Data source field and select the Airpt_b2 asc from the vmodnt Tutorial Airport folder to select the elevation data for the bottom of Layer 2 in the Open window e Open Match Column 1 to the X coordinate Column 2 to the Y coordinate and Column 8 to the Elevation Next to view the Data Validation window Finish to proceed to the Coordinate System and Units window and then select Model in the Coordinate System frame and Meters in the Elevation Units frame OK to import the elevation data Apply in the Create grid elevation window Yes to confirm the changes in the model elevations Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 27 The bottom of layer 2 will then appear with a variable layer surface Next you will import the surface elevations for the bottom of Layer 3 Follow the previously described process noting that for the Bottom of Layer 3 you will select Airpt_b3 asc from the pull down menu The bottom of Layer 3 wil
78. nt to maintain the same maximum minimum and interval values for all views Deleting Custom Contours To remove the custom contours Right Click on the model domain Delete all custom Displaying a Color Map of Heads Return to the layer view display of the model View Layer button from the left toolbar Click on Layer 1 in the model cross section A contour map of the heads in Layer 1 will be displayed To display a color map of the head values in Layer 1 amp Options button from the left hand tool bar A C O Head Equipotentials contour options window will appear C O Head Equipotentials Contours Color Shading Range of Value Cut off Level Minimum 15 5 m T Lower Level E m Maximum E m l Upper Level E m Ranges to color Transparency 20 a kA Min m 15 5 ood 18 87255 Max M 19 5 Heset Apply OF Cancel Color Shading tab The contour options window should appear as shown below lt M Use Color Shading OK to accept these settings A colormap of the head equipotentials for the top layer of the model will be plotted according to the default color scale selected In the figure below note that the color map is semi transparent in order to show the underlying model features Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 53 isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport mf lol x Fie Maps Graphs Tools Help Previous Time Exp
79. ntamination will be present in the lower aquifer at a value equal to or greater than 10 mg L then some action must be performed to remediate the situation The Ranges to color section lists the range of concentration values for the current Output times In the Ranges to Color section Type the following Min 0 0 Max 4000 Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 59 OK A maximum concentration value of 4000 was used because this represents the upper limit of the calculated concentrations for the entire simulation time not just the first Output time of 730 days Note that the Concentration Contour Map and Color Map appear transparent in order to show the underlying model features and to display multiple images simultaneously The reason is that in Visual MODFLOW the drawing tools and algorithms used to render the color shaded contour maps of distribution data have been upgraded to include rich RGB color schemes However you may want to modify the default Overlay priority F9 Overlay from the bottom menu bar The List only the visible overlays option is still Overlay Control selected so the Overlay List will include only the ape EN an Overlays currently being displayed ARRORA all Available Overlays 7 IV List only the visible overlays ee O User Defined Selected Overlay Name ee Scan down the listing towards the middle and find C O fs Map Aiport Sitemap Head Equipot
80. ock side bo x Navigation Panel Section 19 Changing the Default Settings The Default Settings are used to define your preferences for how selected objects are initially displayed when a project is opened If the Default Settings of the selected objects are modified the new settings may be saved and applied to all VMOD 3D Explorer projects For instance the Default Setting for background color is black To change these default settings Default Settings in the Model Tree panel Background in the Display Settings panel lt W Save configuration on close to save these settings for future 3D Explorer projects Apply Section 19 Changing the Default Settings 66 Section 20 Using the Navigation Tools The Navigation Panel allows you to Rotate the model around the X Y and Z axes Shift the display along the X Y and Z axes and move the position of the Light source For this example you will rotate the model around the X axis in order to gain a 3D perspective view of the model amp Drag the X Slider to the left to rotate the top of the model towards you as shown in the following figure amp Drag the Y Slider to the left to rotate the right hand side of the model towards you as shown in the following figure e Drag the Z Slider to the left to level the model as shown in the following figure Y Slider a AutoRotate Tools X Slider Rotate Shift
81. on E MODNT Tutorial Airport ymf ae x Project Outline Project Information Froject Title Airport Details Length meters Description Time day r Conductiwiky m sec bd Numeric Engine Pumping Rate mi 3 day f Saturated Constant Density usas MODELOw 2000 fror HI Recharge ron Year z Saturated Variable Density Simulation Type Variably Saturated ap Mass kilogram x Groundwater flow i Vapor Concentration miligrams iter Transport Simulation Transpor Numeric Engine i No NONE i Yes Description o 4 Back Next gt Cancel For the Flow model the following Numeric Engines are available e USGS MODFLOW 96 from WHI saturated constant density e USGS MODFLOW 2000 from WHI saturated constant density e USGS SEAWAT 2000 saturated variable density e MODFLOW SURFACT from HGL variably saturated In this example MODFLOW 2000 is selected Section 1 Generating a New Model 10 Visual MODFLOW supports all of the latest versions of the public domain and proprietary programs for contaminant transport modeling including e MT3DMS e MT3Dv150 e MT3D99 e RT3Dv1 0 e RT3Dv2 5 e PHT3Dv 1 45 Visual MODFLOW now supports PHT3D v 1 45 a multi component transport model for three dimensional reactive transport in saturated porous media For a sample application of PHT3D please refer to the PHT3D Tutorial for more details please consult your
82. ons Legends Tools Help Miew Layel 1 2 n pa C View Column C ViewRow fi Time fI j 2000 6 77966 Column 39 Row 37 Layer 1 1000 2000 x m X msn a_Y m n a_ Layer No 1 15 52641 m Once you have defined the cross section line similar to the figure shown above File Close from the top toolbar The cross section Cross section no 1 you just defined now appears in the Select create slices window Next you will create a horizontal slice through the model domain Horizontal Thi S will di splay the H O r i ZO n tal S l i ce p ro pe rt i es Horizontal slice properties window as shown in the figure to the right ee Proportional to grid slices Z value 0 0 index 4 33 C Fixed on grid slices i Z index The slider button can be used to move the horizontal slice to any vertical locationin the model domain es Horizontal useable for cut away Close to accept the default values This Horizontal Slice Horizontal slice no 1 will also now appear in the List of slices You can define as many different cross sections and horizontal and vertical slices as you like throughout the model domain These slices can be used to define cut away regions or to plot Color Maps and Contour Maps of selected model properties and simulation results e g Conductivity values heads concentrations For this example
83. ort Layer gt Fe oom Layer K out Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 Before you proceed with this exercise you should turn off the color shading option to avoid the long screen refresh times required to redraw the colormap Options from the left toolbar Reset to re establish the default contour line settings Click on the Color Shading tab Remove the checkmark Y from the checkbox O beside Use Color Shading OK contour maps of distributed data have been upgraded to include rich RGB color schemes and to allow for color map transparency in order to see underlying model features The color schemes remain the same however the colors themselves are much more vibrant and the transition between colors is much smoother new In Visual MODFLOW the drawing tools and algorithms used to render the color shaded Section 14 Velocity Vectors Velocity vectors are an excellent way to visualize the speed and direction of a water particle as it moves through the flow field To use this tool _Maps Velocities from the top menu bar to view the velocity vectors The velocity vectors will be plotted according to the default settings that plot the vectors in relative sizes according to the magnitude of the flow velocity Section 14 Velocity Vectors 54 isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport ymf J iol x Fie Maps Graphs Tools Help view Column View Row Vie
84. p by clicking the Next button beside the Time button in the left hand toolbar By 3650 and 7300 days the concentrations in the first layer of the model should look similar to the following figures isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport ymf a O x File Maps Graphs Tools Help x 2203 0 Yo 3 2 J Row I Column 7 Layer K Zii Row I Column 3 Layer K 1 View previous layer column row After 3650 days 10 years of simulation time it is clear that the plume has migrated to the hole in the aquitard Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 61 To see how the plume looks in cross section es View Column Move the mouse pointer into the model domain and then click on a column passing through the plume The cross section view of the plume should look similar to the following figure isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport ymf File Maps Graphs Tools Help 4 783 3 Y 1884 1 2 26 8 Row Th Column 3 Fal F2 FY lees lace par F8 vert E2 Queri E Layer kK ave rap on in a out H Pan 1G erag Ptay EN Me This figure shown the plume has migrated into the lower aquifer at a concentration above the action level and will eventually threaten the pumping wells To see the plume in the lower aquifer View Layer Move the mouse pointer into the cross section view and click on Layer 3 The display should now look simi
85. pink line of grid cells will now turn to a dark red color indicating that a Constant Head boundary condition has been assigned to these cells Now view the model in cross section along a column to see where the Constant Head boundary conditions have been assigned View Column from the left toolbar Move the mouse into the model domain and select the column passing through the zone of discontinuous aquitard A cross section similar to that shown in the following figure should be displayed viewing column 19 Visual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport vmf E Oj x File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help 900 Fl F2 F3 FY F5 FE F F8 F9 z 2 2 Vert Over z Constant head edit module a cY N 1 0 300 600 Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 37 The hydraulic conductivity property zones can also be displayed at the same time e F9 Overlay The Overlay Control window will appear providing a list of available overlays that may be turned on and off Use the Overlay List Filter to display only the Properties overlays by clicking the button and selecting Properties lt M Prop F Conductivities OK to display the Conductivity overlay The grid cells in the middle layer of the model Layer 2 should be colored dark blue except in the region of the Discontinuous Aquitard to indicate they belong to Conductivity Zone 2 Now return to the layer view of the mode
86. processes for the transport model are assigned using the same types of graphical tools as you used for assigning the flow model properties Viewing Sorption Properties For this tutorial you will not need to modify the Distribution Coefficient value you defined during the transport model setup but you may examine the sorption parameter values as follows Properties Species Parameters from the top menu bar You will be prompted to save changes e Yes Database from the left toolbar The JP 4 Parameters Database window will appear as shown below L OF Cancel The default distribution coefficient Kd 1 0e 7 L mg was specified during the setup of the transport numeric engine If this is not so e g if you did not enter this value when creating the project enter them now Note that three separate zones were created one for each layer of the model The Kd values for each zone can be modified to accommodate heterogeneous soil properties and reactions throughout the model domain However for this example you will keep it simple and use a uniform Distribution Coefficient for each layer of the model se OK to accept the current settings Assigning Dispersion Coefficients The next step is to define the dispersion properties for the model Properties Dispersion from the top menu bar You will be asked to save your data Section 7 Setting Up the Transport Model 42 se Yes Visual MODFLOW automatically assi
87. r Create isosurface Heads in the Model Tree to highlight it EMM Greate color mop Create contour map Create color Field Right Click on Heads and select Create color map from the popup menu The Select create slices window will appear prompting you to select one of the available slices where the color map will be plotted Horizontal slice no 1 to highlight it Select A Color Map of the Heads distribution on the selected horizontal slice should now be visible However it is not displayed in the cut away region of the model To plot the Heads Colormap in the cut away region of the model or Heads to expand the Heads branch Color map 1 under the Heads branch O Clip in cut away in the Display Settings Panel The Heads Colormap should now appear in the cut away region of the model as shown in the following figure Section 25 Creating a Color Map of Head Values 76 P YMOD 3D Explorer E MODNT Tutorial Airport 18 x File Edit View Options Settings Help amp Fad Lb FE ag f hia Exaggeration factor po ixj a Stay on top Iv oana Anl amp TN Default Settings Ef Y MOD Project Airport Axis Site maps Sitemap Airport AirPhoto BMP Input Output Heads Dry Cells Water table Color map 1 Drawdowns Concentrations A Pathlines
88. rectory To continue with the run options Run from the Main Menu options Section 10 MODFLOW Run Options Prior to running the simulation you may customize the default run time settings for MODFLOW MODPATH and MT3D The Run section also allows you to setup the parameter estimation PEST simulation The MODFLOW Run Time options allow you to customize the default settings for various MODFLOW settings including e Time steps in each Stress Period activated only when transient flow is simulated e Initial Heads estimate e Solver selection and settings e Recharge settings e Layers types e Dry cell Rewetting settings e Anisotropy settings e Output Control setting MODFLOW Solver Options First you will examine the Solver options for MODFLOW e MODFLOW 2000 Solver from the top menu bar The default solver is the WHS Solver a proprietary solver developed by Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc To select a different solver simply click the radio button next to the acronym of the desired solver and the associated solver parameters will be displayed Visual MODFLOW now supports the new GMG and SAMG solvers These solvers have been New demonstrated to be from 3 to II time faster than the traditional PCG solver for medium size models and much faster still for large models containing I million or more grid cells For this example the WHS Solver will be used to calculate the flow solution OK to accept the WHS Solver Se
89. results e 3D cutaway views e Multiple horizontal slices vertical slices and irregular cross sections for plotting contour line maps and color maps of modeling results and model properties heads concentrations water table conductivity values etc e Concentration plumes automatically clipped above the water table surface e Line elements for representing groundwater flow pathlines e Light source position control e Transparent objects e Animation sequence pausing looping and recording to an AVI file e Auto rotate tools to continuously rotate the model image around the X Y Z axes e and much more The following section will guide you through the process of using Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer to display and animate a groundwater flow and mass transport model NOTE 3D Explorer is only available in the Pro and Premium versions Section 18 Starting Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer can be launched directly from Visual MODFLOW environment or as a stand alone application In this tutorial you will launch the 3D Explorer from Visual MODFLOW and visualize the model Input and Output data from the Airport4 vmf model The Visual MODFLOW project files for the Airport4 model are included in the Visual MODFLOW working directory in the Tutorial folder The 3D Explorer can be launched from either the Input or Output section of Visual MODFLOW For this example you will launch the 3D Explorer from the Output modu
90. roved set of tools for importing creating and In this example we will import text files containing elevation data for selected X and Y coordinates within the model domain er Import Elevation from the left hand toolbar The following Create grid elevation wizard will appear Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 23 Create grid elevation E o x 2 D Preview 3 D Preview Array Preview Layer surface JET gl Reet v J Fixed During Import Optionsfasis mak AQVVBE O x OF General Minimum Layer Thickness m fi Data preview Station X coordinate r Y coordinate r Elevation m Undo Reset Preview lt lt Apply OK Cancel This wizard allows you to import and interpolate a data set to the model grid for each of the selected model layers By default in the Layer surface field the Ground Surface is the selected layer Previews of the 2 D and 3 D interpolated modified layer surface elevations and a cell by cell spreadsheet data Array are displayed in tabs on the right side of the window s in the Options field and select Import data from the pull down menu Upon selecting this option the Interpolation f i d th th O ti Layer surface Ground Surface Fixed after creating settings rame will appear un eles e Options Options import dta 7 field It is used to selecta data file and an e taniskanaenikG interpolation method Nat
91. s and boundary conditions for the transport model Note You can skip Module II The Contaminant Transport Model on page 41 and proceed to Module II Running Visual MODFLOW on page 46 if you want to work only with the Flow model Module II The Contaminant Transport Model Module II provides instructions on setting up the Transport Model and assigning the required properties and boundary conditions for the contaminant transport model If you have skipped MODULE I then you may start at this point by opening the Airport2 vmf project located in the Tutorial folder of the Visual MODFLOW installation directory Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 4 Section 7 Setting Up the Transport Model The following section outlines the steps necessary to complete a simplified transport model For the purposes of this tutorial the focus will be on the basic setup using MT3DMS the public domain contaminant transport program Contaminant Transport Properties In this example the only reaction that will be simulated is linear equilibrium adsorption of a single dissolved species the diesel fuel compound JP 4 However depending on the complexity of the problem you are dealing with your model may be required to have several different zones with different sorptive and reactive properties distribution coefficients decay coefficients and yield coefficients for each dissolved species in the model In Visual MODFLOW the properties and
92. s location to indicate the end point of the line Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 35 The horizontal line of cells will be highlighted and a Constant Head Assign Line window will appear as shown in the following figure Constant Head Assign Line File Help Description CH Upper Aquifer Morth M fe al Assign to appropriate layer Linear gradient Edit selected row s or column Type the following values Description CH Upper Aquifer North Stop Time day 7300 Start Time Head m 19 Stop Time Head m 19 OK to accept these values The pink line of grid cells will now turn to a dark red color indicating that a Constant Head boundary condition has been assigned to these cells Next you will assign a Constant Head boundary condition along the northern boundary for the lower confined aquifer Goto on the left toolbar The Go To Layer window will appear In the Layer you wish to go to field the number 1 will be highlighted as the default setting Type 3 OK to advance to layer 3 Check the Navigation Cube to ensure that you are viewing Layer 3 The current layer number is displayed next the field labelled Layer K Now assign the Constant Head boundary condition to the line of grid cells along the northern boundary of Layer 3 Assign gt Line Move the mouse pointer to the north west corner of the grid top left grid cell and click on this locatio
93. t typed character Right button This button has different functions depending on the context For example it closes polygons or ends a line during the assignment of properties boundaries etc During grid design it also locates grid rows or columns on precise co ordinates Using the right button brings up a sub menu to copy paste delete etc The lt Alt gt shortcut keys can be used to access toolbar items and to select many buttons and can be used anytime an item or button text has an underlined letter Simply press the lt Alt gt key and the letter key at the same time to access the item or select the button The number and letter keys are active only when numerical or text input is required all other keys are ignored by Visual MODFLOW Screen Layout After opening a Visual MODFLOW project and selecting the Input module a screen layout similar to the figure below will appear Project Name Transport Variant Top Menu Bar i SS 1 Peegr to crt to tortirpeste a te ee ee EE ee eee ee ee ee ee a a E DEE ee ee ee eee AEBEREEEEEHEBHZGanEES ee EE HH Side Menu Bar phia Navigation Cube Co ordinates area p Status Bar Function Buttons Top Menu Bar Contains specific data category menus for each section of the interface Input Run and Output Previous Side Menu Bar Contains the View Control buttons plus tool buttons specific for each data category The
94. ting interval ME TIT Wetting threshold i iterations Wetting methi ie From below VETDORY lt 0 i From sides and below WETDR Y gt 0 AU eTUM i dnd Uacmacanonnnonnanunmanaronmeanammmanannannrel f Calculated from neighbours IHDWET 0 Calculated from threshold IHD ET gt 0 Wetting Factor WE TFET i Head value in diy cels le 1230 Cell bottom Keep minimum saturated thickness for the bottom layer m OF Cancel There are several other MODFLOW run options available for flow simulations Feel free to investigate the options that were not mentioned in this tutorial Section 11 MT3DMS Run Options This section will guide you through the selection of the advection method solver settings and output times that you will use to obtain the solution and results for the contaminant transport model MT3DMS Solver Settings amp MT3DMS Solution Method from the top menu bar A Solution Method window will appear as shown in the following figure Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 47 In the Solution Method dialogue Advection term frame you will be using the Upstream Finite Difference solution method with the Generalized Conjugate Gradient GCG solver The Upstream Finite Difference method provides a stable solution to the contaminant transport model in a relatively short period of time The GCG solver uses an implicit approach to solving the finite difference equations and is usua
95. u Returns to the Main Menu screen Contacting WHI The purpose of this tutorial is to demonstrate the ease of building calibrating and running a three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport model Unfortunately this tutorial can only cover a few of the many analytical capabilities and graphical features that make Visual MODFLOW the leading software package for groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling If this tutorial has not covered some aspects of the software that you are interested in we encourage you to continue to consult the on line help files and the carefully read the Visual MODFLOW User s Manual If you would like to speak with a technical representative about how Visual MODFLOW could be applied to solve your particular needs please contact at Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc 460 Phillip Street Suite 101 Waterloo Ontario N2L 5J2 Tel 519 746 1798 Fax 519 885 5262 E mail techsupport flowpath com Web www waterloohydrogeologic com About the Interface Visual MODFLOW Premium Tutorial Introduction This chapter contains a step by step tutorial to guide you through the process of using Waterloo Hydrogeologic s Visual MODFLOW Premium Demo version This tutorial will guide you through the steps required to e Design the model grid and assign properties and boundary conditions e Configure Visual MODFLOW to run the groundwater flow particle tracking and mass transport simulations
96. uction and Tutorial 49 In the Engines to Run window select the following options er es e e M MODFLOW 2000 M MODPATH M MT3DMS Translate amp Run Visual MODFLOW will then Translate the Visual MODFLOW data set into the standard data input files required for the selected numeric engines and then Run the simulations in a separate window labelled VM Engines When the engines are finished running click Close to close the VM Engines window MODULE IV Output Visualization Engine Aun MODPATH oneBudget MT3DM5 PEST Translate amp Aun Translate Cancel Advanced gt gt J Auto start engines In this module you will be visualizing results from your model If you did not run the Numeric Engines open the Airport4 vmf project located in the Tutorial folder of the Visual MODFLOW installation directory ee Output from the top menu bar of the Main Menu You will be transferred to the Visual MODFLOW Output section where you can visualize print and export the simulation results This Module provides instructions on displaying interpreting customizing and printing the groundwater flow pathline and contaminant transport modeling results using a variety of mapping and graphing presentation formats including e Maps Contour lines color maps pathlines velocity vectors calibration bubble plots e Graphs Calibration scatter graphs calibration frequency
97. ult value of 2 as the refining criterion Click anywhere on the blue background to activate the model domain Move the mouse cursor over the model and click at following Y coordinates do not worry if you cannot hit the exact values simply click on the column closest to this number Region 1 e Y 400 e Y 730 Region 2 e Y 860 e Y 930 Region 3 e Y 1060 e Y 1130 Region 4 e Y 1660 e Y 1860 Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 21 Close to exit the Rows window The refined grid should appear as shown in the following figure isual MODFLOW E MODNT Tutorial Airport ymf mije x File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help 1800 2000 E E 1492 6 ee ie Yi 1923 9 GRR Z 15 0 Row I Column 3 30 Layer K 1 Grid edit module The following steps will show you how to view the model in cross section View Column from the left toolbar Move the mouse cursor anywhere in the grid As you move the cursor across the screen a red bar highlights the column corresponding to the cursor location To select a column to view Left mouse button on the desired column Visual MODFLOW transfers the screen display from plan view to a cross sectional view of the model grid At this point the model has no vertical exaggeration and the cross section will appear as a thick line with the three layers barely discernible To properly display the three
98. ural Neighbors Kriging Data souce D TutoraNtint_os asc Mi f or Inverse Distance By default in the Interpolator interpolator Inverse Distance Max field Natural Neighbors is selected However for Advanced this example use the button to select Inverse Distance a 3 associated with the Data source field and the following Open window will appear Look in a Tutorial z c File name Files of type Paints ESRI Shape file SHP Points Excel Spreadsheet file To select the ground surface topography data file browse to vmodnt Tutorial Airport and amp Airpt_gs asc accept the default file format e Open Section 2 Refining the Model Grid 24 The following Match fields window will appear Ad Match fields Line range Delimiters All Use column names in line fo M Space V Comma 2 Lines M Tab T Slash Enter list of line numbers and line ranges separated ENT by commas For example 1 3 5 12 23 END m ER Required Data Match to column number Station n a x coordinate 1 Y coordinate 2 Elevation 3 he No Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 a E 0 0 17 0 2 500 D 16 5 3 1000 0 17 0 4 1500 D 16 5 5 2000 D 17 0 6 0 500 19 5 z 500 500 18 3 8 1000 500 19 5 g 1500 500 18 3 TORE 2000 500 19 5 11 0 1000 20 3 eee 500 1000 18 1 13 1000 1000 20 3 14 1500 1000 18 1 15 2000 1000 20 3 TESE 0 2000 21 2 17 1000 2000 19 1 18 2000 2000 21 0
99. ut the default color scale should also be modified to improve the appearance of the Color Legend To customize the values associated with each F Palette E color 05 Value 1644 05 Cl E e JP 4 in the Model Tree to highlight it E R a Palette Reset Change calor A Palette window will appear as shown in the figure on right By default the color palette for each data type is set to a seven color rainbow with equal value intervals between each color This palette may be customized to any number of colors and any value associated with each color Type the color values shown in the above figure Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 69 OK to accept the new color palette Selecting Output Times To examine the same isosurface value at a time of 3650 days JP 4 in the Model Tree to highlight it In the Navigation Tool Panel click on the Time tab The available output times for the JP 4 concentrations can be displayed by using the slider button These output times correspond to the output times specified in the Visual MODFLOW model To select a different output time Click in the Time value field and Type 3650 The screen will now display the results of the 0 5 mg L concentration isosurface at 3650 days and should appear similar to the figure shown below PAlymop 3D Explorer E MODNT Tutorial Airport File Edit View Options Settings Help 2 8a Fa be fedl ag f 2 amp
100. view options are as follows View Column View a cross section along a column View Row View a cross section along a row View Layer Switch from cross section to plan view Goto View a specified column row or layer Previous View previous column row or layer Next View next column row or layer Navigator Cube Provides a simplified 3D representation of the model domain highlighting the current layer column and row being viewed Co ordinates Area Shows the current location of the mouse pointer in model co ordinates X Y Z and cell indices I J K About the Interface 4 Status Bar Describes the functionality and use of the feature currently highlighted by the cursor Function Buttons F1 Help Opens the general help window F2 3D Opens the Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer F3 Save Saves the current data for the model 7 F4 Map Import and display DXF SHP or graphics image files BMP JPG TIF GIF PNG F5 Zoom in Enlarge the display of a selected rectangular area F6 Zoom out Resets the display area to show the entire model domain F7 Pan Drag the current view of the model in any direction to display a different model region F8 Vert exag Set the vertical exaggeration value for viewing cross sections along a row or column F9 Overlay Opens the Overlay Control window to make selected overlays visible and to customize the priority order in which they appear F10 Main Men
101. w Layer REFURLLING aaa ee AREA cone i we ke ET a bee Previous Next fo OF ob gt a OF ot N a eS Oe ee RS oo ae Te Ce a a J re i ey O EC E hh ve va ee OE OO a ee a ee ee OM OP amp oe 8 eS Se Se ee em Oe a o S ar Re E ch oh PR A ae ee a i i i ie Cone a Yi 545 5 Z 15 4 Row I 30 500 1800 2000 Column 7 15 Layer K 1 Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 By default the color scheme for the velocity vectors is red is outward 1 e up when viewing by layer blue is inward i e down when viewing by layer and green is parallel to the plane i e horizontal when viewing by layer The velocity vectors can also be displayed as directional arrows independent of velocity magnitude lt Direction from the left toolbar All of the arrows will then be plotted as the same size and simply act as flow direction arrows Options from the left menu Now increase the number of vectors displayed Type Vectors 40 this specifies the number of velocity vectors along a single row M Autoscale automatically adjusts the size of the velocity vectors Variable Scale prevents overlapping of velocity vectors OK to accept the new velocity vector settings To see the site in cross section select the View Column button from the left tool bar and then move the mouse into the model domain and click once to select any column
102. wer hydraulic conductivity value to the aquitard layer 2 We can graphically assign the property values to the model grid cells The Assign gt Window button in the left hand toolbar allows you to assign a different hydraulic conductivity inside a rectangular window lt e Assign Window Move the mouse to the north west corner of the grid and click on the centre of the cell Then move the mouse to the south east corner and click on the centre of the cell This creates a white window covering the entire layer A Conductivity Assign Window dialog will appear e New The entire grid will turn blue and the Zone will increment to a value of 2 To enter aquitard conductivity values for the new Zone 2 click in the Kx Value field and Type the following values Kx m s 1e 10 Ky m s 1e 10 Kz m s 1e 11 Conductivity Assign Window one E B eS Hew D escription ms Hydraulic conductivity in s directiorn 1e 10 ms Hydraulic conductivity in direction q1e 11 rns Hydraulic conductivity in direction OF Cancel OK to accept these values Now view the model in cross section to see the three hydrogeological units Visual MODFLOW Introduction and Tutorial 31 View Column and click on a Column through the Zone of Discontinuous Aquitard isual MODFLOW E YMODNT Tutorial Airport mf J E Ioj x File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help o az
103. y any model property values and simulation results to a variety of ASCII and binary data formats including ASCII TXT consisting of four or more columns containing X Y and Z co ordinates for each cell NR x NC array of values or SURFER Grid ASCII or Binary GRD with a user defined grid density for one or more selected model parameters Cell co ordinates can be in either world co Section 17 Concentration vs Time Graphs 64 ordinates model co ordinates or IJK cell indexes Data can be exported with multiple layers in a single file or as separate files for each selected layer Some averaging of parameter values occurs where the model grid differs from the Surfer grid and inactive or dry cell values can be excluded from the exported data if desired Module V Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer is an advanced 3D visualization system for displaying and animating Visual MODFLOW models Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer uses state of the art 3D graphics technology to display your model data and simulation results using a complete selection of graphical formats including e 2D and 3D views of the model grid e Colored shapes for each grid cell e Bitmap overlays draped over surfaces e Enhanced contour label positioning and controls e 3D volumetric shapes for representing model property zones boundary conditions and contamination plumes e Output times synchronized to animate the combined transient flow and transport

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