SATA SOLID STATE DISKS - Diamond Systems Corporation
Contents
1. Command Code FR SG SN cy DH LBA Check Power Mode E5H p Execute Drive Diagnostic 90H S S a D S Flush Cache E7H D Identify Drive ECH S S D Idle E3H Y D Idle Ilmmediate E1H S D Initialize Drive Parameters 91H a Y E Y S Read DMA C8H or C9H Y Y Y Y Y Read Multiple C4H Y Y Y Y Y Read Sector s 20H or 21H Y Y Y Y Y Read Verify Sector s 40H or 41H Y Y Y Y Y Recalibrate 10H S D Security Disable Password F6H D Security Erase Prepare F3H D Security Erase Unit F4H D Security Freeze Lock F5H 3 D Security Set Password F1H D Security Unlock F2H D Seek 7XH Y Y Set Features EFH vi D Set Multiple Mode C6H Y S D Sleep E6H D SMART BOH Y Y Y Y D Standby E2H D Standby Immediate EOH a E D Write DMA CAH Y Y Y Y Y Write Multiple C5H Y Y Y Y Y Write Sector s 30H Y Y Y Y Y FR Features register SC Sector Count register SN Sector Number register CY Cylinder registers DH Drive Head register LBA Logical Block Address mode supported see command descriptions for use Y The register contains a valid parameter for this command For the Drive Head register Y means both the SAFD and Head parameters are used D means only the SAFD parameter is vali2. DIAMOND SYSTEMS CORPORATION SATA SOLID STATE DISKS Revision Date Comment A 11 5 10 Initial Release FOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT PLEASE CONTACT support diamondsystems com SATA SSD User Manual Rev A Copyright 2010 Diamond Systems Corporation 1255 Terra Bella Ave Mountain View CA 94043 USA Tel 1 650 810 2500 Fax 1 650 810 2525 www diamondsystems com DIAMOND SYSTEMS CONTENTS Important Safe Handling Information s sssesnseununnennneunnnunnnnnnnunnnunnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnne nnnn anneanne anneanne anneanne nna 3 L Miroduc Oe 4 Tel Specification Scenei aeeiio ies EENE LE ee ee ei Geis 5 2s FUNCTIONAL Ieren 6 21 Block DIAGF AM ses deeglech 6 22 RE e 7 29 Connector LOCATIONS sssini ikan naana aaan AE EAAS RARA Na SAA RAA AE AAAA RAR 8 24 Connector TEE 8 E We 9 Sic IFOATUPCS eege see EE 9 SA ATAMOde SUPPOMit sateecscssenccnts setenietesivedus sare Patan de aaia aaa aaa aa E aA aada aaa ect 9 3 2 Capdcity ee le re EE 9 3 3 Read Write PEMOrnManGe sisisi aana save aa aaia aaae aaa eatas badina d aa aaea iaa 9 BA S ltware internata sisanra naana aA NANNE RKN AAN RANAN RANNA AA RATANA RAAN AERA ARANNA 10 3 4 1 Command EE 10 34 2 SMART Technologyssa aana d eeii anaa aada raii a aii tae 11 4 Flash Manageme nt EENS a 11 4 1 Error Correction Error Detecton 11 4 2 Bad Block Management AA 11 AB Wear Leveling DEE 11 4 4 Power Failure Management 1
3. INTRODUCTION The Serial ATA Flash Drives SAFD is a solid state disk SSD drive that contains a controller embedded firmware and flash media along with a male connector Using NAND flash memory devices the SAFD drives interface with the host allowing data to be seamlessly transferred between the host and the flash devices The SATA SSD drive is designed with a single chip controller offering capacities of up to 128 gigabytes and providing full support for the SATA II high speed interface standard It can operate at sustained access rates of up to 100 megabytes per second which is much faster than any other solid state or traditional SATA drive currently available on the market In addition to buffer management through dynamical allocation the SSD drive adopts the specific static wear leveling scheme to allow uniform use of all storage blocks ensuring that the lifetime of a flash media can be significantly increased and the disk performance is optimized as well The drives provide the S M A R T feature that follows the SATA Rev 2 5 ATA ATAPI 7 specifications and uses the standard SMART command BOh to read data from the drive This feature protects the user from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and storing critical drive performance SSD Model Description SSD 32G XT 32GB SATA SSD flashdisk with cables SSD 64G XT 64GB SATA SSD flashdisk with cables SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 4 DIAMOND SYSTEM
4. D7 GND P7 5V Pre Charge P8 5V P9 5V P10 Ground P11 Reserved P12 Ground P13 Not used 12V Pre Charge P14 Not used 12V P15 Not used 12V SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 8 piamono SYSTEMS 2 5 Cables Two cables are provided with every SATA SSD product as shown in the table below Diamond P N Description Connects to 6981002 SATA Power cable 3 Power 6981007 SATA Data cable 3 Data 3 FEATURES 3 1 ATA Mode Support The SATA SSD provides ATA mode support as follows e Upto PIO mode 4 e Upto Multiword DMA mode 2 e Upto UDMA mode 5 3 2 Capacity Specification Capacity specification of the SATA SSD product family is shown in Table 3 1 It lists the specific capacity the total bytes available and the maximum LBA Only LBA addressing applied for these capacities Table 3 1 Capacity Specification Capacity Total Bytes Max LBA 32 GB 32 296 140 800 63 078 400 64 GB 64 609 058 816 126 189 568 3 3 Read Write Performance Performance of the SASA SSD is shown in Table 3 2 Table 3 2 Performance specification Capacity Performance 32 GB 64 GB Sustained Read MB s 159 159 Sustained Write MB s 136 136 SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 9 4 DIAMOND SYSTEMS 3 4 Software Interface 3 4 1 Command Set Table 3 3 summarizes the ATA commands supported by the SATA SSD Table 3 3 Command Set
5. component becomes defective Usually the failure can be identified and the chip can be replaced To prevent ESD damage always follow proper ESD prevention practices when handling computer boards Damage during handling or storage On some boards we have noticed physical damage from mishandling A common observation is that a screwdriver slipped while installing the board causing a gouge in the PCB surface and cutting signal traces or damaging components Another common observation is damaged board corners indicating the board was dropped This may or may not cause damage to the circuitry depending on what is near the corner Most of our boards are designed with at least 25 mils clearance between the board edge and any component pad and ground power planes are at least 20 mils from the edge to avoid possible shorting from this type of damage However these design rules are not sufficient to prevent damage in all situations A third cause of failure is when a metal screwdriver tip slips or a screw drops onto the board while it is powered on causing a short between a power pin and a signal pin on a component This can cause overvoltage power supply problems described below To avoid this type of failure only perform assembly operations when the system is powered off Sometimes boards are stored in racks with slots that grip the edge of the board This is a common practice for board manufacturers However our boards are generally very den
6. 1 45 Quick EE 12 5 Environmental amp Regulatory Specifications cccccccesccssseeeeeeeeeeeeeescesesneeeeseeeseaesesneeseseeeeeeeeeseesaseeneneeaes 12 51 Guten nn En DEE 12 5 2 Mean Time Between Failures MTBF AA 12 5 3 Certification and Complance ceeeeececeeeceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeaeeeeaaeeeeaeeseaeeecaaeeeeaaeseeeeeseaeeesaaesseaeeseneeescaeeesaeeeeneeee 12 SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 2 DIAMOND SYSTEMS IMPORTANT SAFE HANDLING INFORMATION WARNING ESD Sensitive Electronic Equipment Observe ESD safe handling procedures when working with this product Always use this product in a properly grounded work area and wear appropriate ESD preventive clothing and or accessories Always store this product in ESD protective packaging when not in use Safe Handling Precautions The SATA SSD drives contain I O connectors that connect to sensitive electronic components This creates many opportunities for accidental damage during handling installation and connection to other equipment The list here describes common causes of failure found on boards returned to Diamond Systems for repair This information is provided as a source of advice to help you prevent damaging your Diamond or any vendor s embedded computer boards ESD damage This type of damage is almost impossible to detect because there is no visual sign of failure or damage The symptom is that the board simply stops working because some
7. S 1 1 Specifications e Standard Serial ATA 2 5 Gen 2 Serial ATA 2 5 Gen 2 SATA II 3 0Gbps ATA compatible command set e Capacities 82GB and 64GB e Performance Burst read write 300MB sec Sustained read up to 160MB sec Sustained write up to 1385MB sec e Intelligent endurance design Built in hardware ECC enabling up to 8 15 bit correction per 512 bytes Global wear leveling scheme together with dynamical block allocation to significantly increase the lifetime of a flash device and optimize the disk performance Flash bad block management SMART technology Power Failure Management Quick Erase NAND Flash Type SLC e Zero power data retention No battery required for data storage e Temperature ranges Operating Temperature 40 C to 85 C 40 F to 185 F Storage 40 C to 100 C 40 F to 212 F e Supply voltage 5 0V 410 4 5 5 5V Low power consumption Active mode 355mA 5 0V Idle mode 143mA 5 0V Form factor 2 5 inch e Connector 7 pin SATA male connector 15 pin SATA power connector RoHS compliant SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 5 piamono SYSTEMS 2 FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW 2 1 Block Diagram The SATA SSD SAFD 254 drive includes a single chip SATA II Controller and the flash media as well as the SATA standard interface The controller integrates the flash management unit with the c
8. ccumulated over time during operation The controller maintains a table that lists those normal blocks with disk data the free blocks for wear leveling and bad blocks with errors When a normal block is detected broken it is replaced with a free block and listed as a bad block When a free block is detected broken it is then removed from the free block list and marked as a bad block During device operation this ensures that newly accumulated bad blocks are transparent to the host The device will stop file write service once there are only two free blocks left such that the read function is still available for copying the files from the disk into another 4 3 Wear Leveling The NAND flash devices are limited by a certain number of write cycles When using a FAT based file system frequent FAT table updates are required If some area on the flash wears out faster than others it would significantly reduce the lifetime of the whole SSD even if the erase counts of others are far from the write cycle limit Thus if the write cycles can be distributed evenly across the media the lifetime of the media can be prolonged significantly This scheme is called wear leveling Wear leveling scheme is achieved both via buffer management and specific static wear leveling They both ensure that the lifetime of the flash media can be increased and the disk access performance is optimized as well 4 4 Power Failure Management The Low Power Detection on th
9. d and not the Head parameter ONOORWON SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 10 DIAMOND SYSTEMS 3 4 2 S M A R T Technology S M A R T is an acronym for Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology an open standard allowing disk drives to automatically monitor their own health and report potential problems It protects the user from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and storing critical drive performance and calibration parameters Ideally this should allow taking proactive actions to prevent impending drive failure The SATA SSDs use the standard SMART command BOh to read data from the drive for SMART feature as the SATA Rev 2 6 ATA ATAPI 7 specifications Based on the SFF 8035i Rev 2 0 specifications SMART defines 3 vendor specified SMART Attribute IDs E5h EAh EBh and E8h in the SAFD254 They represent Flash ID maximum erase count average erase count good block count free list block count and firmware version information When the SMART Utility running on the host it analyzes and reports the disk status to the host before the SAFD254 is in critical condition 4 FLASH MANAGEMENT 4 1 Error Correction Error Detection The SATA SSD implements a hardware ECC scheme based on the BCH algorithm It can detect and correct up to 8 bits or 15 bits error in 512 bytes 4 2 Bad Block Management Although bad blocks on the flash media are already identified by the flash manufacturer they can also be a
10. e controller initiates crucial data saving before the power supplied to the device is too low This feature prevents the device from crash and ensures data integrity during an unexpected power off SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 11 oan SYSTEMS 4 5 Quick Erase Accomplished by the Secure Erase SE command which added to the open ANSI standards that control disk drives Quick Erase is built into the disk drive itself and thus far less susceptible to malicious software attacks than external software utilities It is a positive easy to use data destroy command amounting to electronic data shredding Executing the command causes a drive to internally completely erase all possible user data This command is carried out within disk drives so no additional software is required Once executed neither data nor the erase counter on the device would be recoverable which blurs the accuracy of device lifespan The process to erase will not be stopped until finished while encountering power failure and will be continued when power is back on 5 ENVIRONMENTAL amp REGULATORY SPECIFICATIONS 5 1 Environmental The SATA SSD environmental specifications follow the US Military Standard MIL STD 810F as shown in Table 5 1 Table 5 1 Environmental Specifications Environment Specification Operating 40 C to 85 C 40 F to 185 F Non operating 40 C to 100 C 40 F to 212 F Humidity 5 to 95 RH Non condensi
11. ng Sine wave 5 55 5Hz X Y Z Random 10 2000Hz 16 3G X Y Z Acceleration 1 500G 0 5ms Peak acceleration 50G 11ms Altitude 80 000 feet Temperature Vibration Shock Operating 5 2 Mean Time Between Failures MTBF Mean Time Between Failures MTBF is predicted based on reliability data for the individual components in the SSD drive Although many component MTBFs are given in databases and often these values are not really accurate the prediction result for the SATA SSD is more than 2 000 000 hours 5 3 Certification and Compliance The SATA SSD drive complies with the following standards CE EN55022 55024 FCC 47CFR Part15 Class B RoHS MIL STD 810F SATA II SATA Rev 2 5 Up to ATA ATAPI 7 including S M A R T SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 12
12. ontroller itself to support multi channel multi bank flash arrays Figure 1 shows the functional block diagram SATA Interface SATA ll to ia Controller Flash Flash IF Figure 1 SATA SSD Block Diagram SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 6 2 2 Dimensions piamono SYSTEMS Figure 2 shows the overall dimensions of the SATA SSD SAFD drive as listed in the table below Dimension Millimeters mm Height 5 88 0 10 Width 65 02 0 15 Length 96 35 0 15 97 60 5 88 Figure 2 SATA SSD Dimensions SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 7 oan SYSTEMS 2 3 Connector Locations The diagram in Figure 3 illustrates the position of the connectors located on the SATA SSD Ce coe oe pesar wee r eme l i Bn LR eeeretrrntereseneeteiieerentneeeeeteenany anban lt lt Power ete see te WW mmm mmm E Data Figure 3 Connector Locations 2 4 Connector Details Table 2 1 describes the SATA SSD data connector pin out and Table 2 2 the power connector pin out Table 2 1 Data connector Table 2 2 Power connector Name Type Description Pin Signal Description D1 GND P1 Not used 3 3V D2 RxP P2 Not used 3 3V Serial Data Receiver D3 RxN P3 Not used 3 3V D4 GND P4 Reserved D5 TxN i P5 Ground D a Serial Data Transmitter ge Grou
13. se and if the board has components very close to the board edge they can be damaged or even knocked off the board when the board tilts back in the rack Diamond recommends that all our boards be stored only in individual ESD safe packaging If multiple boards are stored together they should be contained in bins with dividers between boards Do not pile boards on top of each other or cram too many boards into a small location This can cause damage to connector pins or fragile components Power supply wired backwards Our power supplies and boards are not designed to withstand a reverse power supply connection This will destroy each IC that is connected to the power supply In this case the board will most likely will be unrepairable and must be replaced A chip destroyed by reverse power or by excessive power will often have a visible hole on the top or show some deformation on the top surface due to vaporization inside the package Check twice before applying power Bent connector pins This type of problem is often only a cosmetic issue and is easily fixed by bending the pins back to their proper shape one at a time with needle nose pliers This situation can occur when pulling a ribbon cable off of a pin header Note If the pins are bent too severely bending them back can cause them to weaken unacceptably or even break and the connector must be replaced SATA SSD User Manual Rev A www diamondsystems com Page 3 DIAMOND SYSTEMS 1
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