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Grounding and Electromagnetic Compatibility of PLC Systems

1. oT k alala 3 88 888 88883838 33 AN RY R R RB R R 8 RRR RRA A Ala 01 102 103 101 100 TSX CDP Ooo mall 3 cable EE r a 0V VRef pee a 0V Supply L m Supply il 24 VDC 9 VDC m i 24V l 5V etae FU FU 5v GO 10 30 V G 4 VRef 1 to control encoder supply at 66 of voltage provided Connection only to be made if supply voltage 10 30 VDC 257 Electronic Cam Module Catalog of The table below gives the different references for the cables connecting the CDP 3 TELEFAST to the module and their respective lengths connector cables Cable references Cable lengths CDP 053 0 5 meters CDP 103 1 meter CDP 203 2 meters CDP 303 3 meters CDP 503 5 meters Diagram The diagram below shows the process for connecting the encoder supply showing the e At 24 VDC for an encoder with a 10 30 VDC supply format process for e and at 5 VDC for an encoder with a 5 VDC supply connecting the supply using a ci s wand TSX SCY 1128 ant A one Fu ae re wired stran rown I S
2. Power circuit ess Conventional reference potential point to point Common reference point Power supply 125 Cabinet Guidelines for Cabling in the Cabinet Guidelines for Cabling Guidelines for cable ducts in the cabinet Guidelines for installing cables Guidelines for filters The following guidelines apply when cabling the cabinet e As with external cabling the cabling guidelines also apply to cables inside the cabinet Cabling p 131 e Conductive coupling between the interference current dissipation of filters and cable shields with the reference conductor system must be avoided e For analog process signals shielded twisted outgoing and return conductors should be selected The following guidelines must be observed when running and combining cables in the cable ducts e 115 230 VAC mains and signal lines and 24 60 VDC signal lines must be laid in different cable ducts The distance between the ducts must be at least 100 mm Unavoidable crossing must be at right angles e Digital signal lines 24 50 VDC may be unshielded in a common cable channel e The following cables can be combined in a cable duct e Shielded bus cable e Shielded analog process signal cable e Unshielded 24 60 VDC signal lines The following guidelines should be observed when installing cables in cabinets e The selection of the housing lead through must be
3. Illustration rro 4 al ov mm 8 8 amp 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 33 5 5 4 amp RRIRRIR RR RR RR Um C olo ojo 8 RIRI RI RR RR RIRIR RR al LR 1 10 n 12 Qo 10 n 12 ao If If W If If i l 204 104 205 105 206 100 112 208 108 m O 0 0 Ms edel 32 t 314 RS 209 109 210 110 114 Connection via This kind of connection is the most guaranteed on the condition that the shared TELEFAST actuators are connected to the 200 to 215 shared points strip jumper wire in position 1 2 In this case there can be no outage of the shared module without an outage of the shared actuators 249 Stepper Motor Control Modules Connection using a CDP 301 501 pre wired strand This kind of connection must be carried out with the greatest care and attention It is recommended that you take special care in wiring this cable for example using the cable ferules on screw terminals It may be necessary to double the connections in order to ensure permanent contacts When the actuator supply is a long distance away from the modules and close to the shared actuators there may be an accidental break of the link between the latter and the 0 V terminal of the module s Illustration TSX CFY 11 21 Supplying actuators If there is a break of the supply section between A and B there is a risk that the RL actuators may not remain operational You must
4. Galvanic Inductive Capacitive Radiation Wave coupling coupling coupling coupling influences Grounding X Electrical isolation X Balancing circuits X X X Transposition of X X X outgoing and return lines Wiring X X X arrangements Device X X X arrangement Shielding X X X Filtering X X X X X Cable selection X X Wiring layout X X X X X 77 EMC Basics 78 Basic EMC Measures Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter Using knowledge about sources of interference and coupling mechanisms we have the following possibilities to reduce electromagnetic effects e Take measures against sources of interference that reduce the transmission of disturbance e Take measures to limit the spreading of disturbance This chapter provides detailed descriptions about basic measures to take against sources of interference and measures to lessen their expansion coupling You will need the information given in this chapter to understand EMC measures in a system and for EMC compatible design and also to understand installation procedures A prerequisite for this chapter is knowledge about the types of sources of interference the superposition of interference and useful signals and about coupling mechanisms This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page EMC Measures for Grounding Systems 80 EMC Compatible Wiring 83 Balancing Ci
5. Linking several PLCs supplied by a permissible direct current network not connected to ground The OV and physical ground are linked internally in the PLCs in the network cabling accessories and in some control consoles For specific applications which use a floating installation special measures should be taken with connections These depend on the method used for installation In this case itis mandatory to use insulated direct current power supplies Please contact us when you are defining the electrical installation 195 Basic elements Connecting alternating current power supply modules Connecting a single rack PLC station Illustration Alternating network 100 240 V L g T E g i Q PE Supply control Pre actuators Sensor Supply for sensors on the rack 2 1 Hi Q general section switch KM circuit contactor breaker 1 insulating connector bar for finding grounding faults 2 available current e 0 6 A with a PSY 2600 power supply module e 0 8 A with a PSY 5500 power supply module e 1 6 A with a PSY 8500 power supply module Note Protective fuses alternating current power supply modules PSY 2600 5500 8500 are fitted during manufacture with a protective fuse This fuse in series with the L input is located inside the module and cannot be accessed 196 Basic elements Connecting a PLC station made up of se
6. This section contains the following topics Topic Page Wiring electrical connections 318 Protection against intrusion 319 317 Ethernet Wiring electrical connections Principle Inter building links present two special features that can introduce risks for the installation e the poor equipotentiality between installation grounds e the large areas of loops between the data cables and the grounds Note Before installing and connecting a data cable between two buildings you must check that the two ground connections one at each building are interconnected All the exposed metal parts accessible at the same time must be connected to the same ground connector or at least to a set of interconnected ground connections This requirement is fundamental to ensure people s safety The second risk associated to inter building connections is the area of loop included between the data cables and the connections This loop is particularly critical when there is an indirect blasting of the site The overvoltage caused in these loops by an indirect blasting is approximately of 100 volts per m Note In order to reduce this risk all cable runs between two buildings must be doubled up with a large section equipotential line 35 mm 2 318 Ethernet Protection against intrusion Principle Common mode currents coming from outside must be discharged to the g
7. 186 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics Resistance to climatic variation Resistance to mechanical constraints Data table Test Designation Standards Levels Dry heat whilst inoperative IEC60068 2 2 Bb 70 C 96h Cold whilst inoperative IEC60068 2 1 Ab 25 C 96h Humid heat whilst inoperative IEC60068 2 30 dB 60 C 25 C 93 95 Hr 2 cycles 12 o clock 12h o clock Thermal shocks whilst inoperative IEC60068 2 14 Na 25 C 70 C 2 Cycles 3 o clock 3 o clock Data table Test Designation Standards Levels Flat free drop IEC60068 2 32 Ed 10 cm 2 drops Free drop from controlled position IEC60068 2 31 Ec 30 or 10 cm 2 drops Random free drop conditioned material IEC60068 2 32 Method 1 1m 5 drops 187 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics 188 Basic elements Backplane RKY power supply PSY 1 4 Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This section contains guidelines and information for the configuration and installation of the basic elements of the Premium hardware with regard to grounding and EMC This chapter contains the following topics network Topic Page Connection of the ground to a RKY rack 190 How to mount processor modules 191 Precautions to be taken when replacing a PCX 57 processo
8. S I Input channel n Input channel n am l Leer If the sensors are referenced in relation to the ground this can in certain cases return the potential of a remote ground to the terminal block or the Sub D connector s It is therefore essential to respect the following rules e this potential must be lower than the security voltage for example 48 V max for France e connecting a sensor point to a reference potential generates a leakage current It is therefore necessary to check that the total leakage currents generated do not disrupt the system Use of pre There are no particular technical constraints for referencing the pre actuators to the actuators ground For security reasons it is however preferable to avoid returning a remote referenced in ground potential to the terminal block as this can be very different from the local relation to the ground potential ground 264 Weighing Module ISPY100 101 23 Overview Introduction This section contains guidelines and information for the configuration and installation of the basic elements of the Premium hardware with regard to grounding and EMC What s in this This chapter contains the following topics 2 Chapter Topic Page Recommendations on how to install a measurement system 266 Cabling precautions on the weighing module 268 Connection of the weighing module discrete outputs 269 265
9. This part contains the following chapters Chapter Chapter Name Page 3 Grounding Basics 33 4 Electromagnetic Disturbance and EMC 45 5 Basic EMC Measures 79 31 Basics 32 Grounding Basics Overview Introduction This chapter explains the terminology connected with grounding that can be helpful and is sometimes required for understanding grounding procedures for a system or a machine What s in this This chapter contains the following topics Chapter Topic Page Definitions Earth ground reference conductor system 34 Ground Connections in TT TN and IT Alternating Current Systems 36 Personal Danger through Electrical Current 38 Electric Shock Causes and preventative measures 39 Classes of Protection for Electrical Equipment 41 Protective Earth 42 33 Grounding Definitions Earth ground reference conductor system Earth and ground Earth Ground In almost all devices or systems you should differentiate between the earth earth conductor and the common ground reference conductor system neutral connection Earth and common ground are normally connected to each other ina certain place However there is a difference Note Earth only conducts fault currents and common ground conducts operational current and is often used as the common conductor for several signal circuits Earth is the conductive
10. sf Green E INDC Yellow Fu 24 VDC G TUT QD i ANG yey 5 T ape Cable TSX CDP 01 6 NIS RR T 8 e TSX CDP 01 cable SEE PELE 1 to control encoder supply at 66 of voltage provided Connection only to be made if supply voltage 10 30 VDC Catalog of CDP The table below gives the different references for the cables connecting the 01 connector TELEFAST to the module and their respective lengths cables Cable references Cable lengths CDP 301 3 meters CDP 501 5 meters 258 Electronic Cam Module Recommen dations e Maximum length of wires between the supply outputs and the connection points on the TELEFAST must be less than 0 5 meters e Protection on the supply although the module has several built in protection systems to guard against wiring errors and accidental short circuits on the cables it is vital to install a 1A maximum non delay fuse Fu on the supply e Connection of the 0 V supply to the protective ground must be as close as possible to the supply output Wiring rules and precautions specific to the TELEFAST Connecting or disconnecting the TELEFAST Length of the connection cable between the module and the TELEFAST Cross section of the wire connecting the module and the TELEFAST You should always connect or disconnect the TELEFAST s connectors and various connection wires when the vol
11. 24 V COM PANEL GROUND POINT EQUIPMENT CHASSIS GROUND EARTH GROUND GROUND SCREWS FUSE 494 VDC 24 V COM Note It is recommended to earth ground the 24 VDC power supply 155 Quantum 24 VDC Powered The following figure shows a 3 A 24 VDC powered system for CE compliance System for CE Compliance See detailed figure below SS S ee detailed figure below O i O Shielded Cable and Bebe oper EY We I Ferrite Bead P 24 VDC 1U 1 Common na e ofi l 24 VDC e l le o i I j j uL GND Ji ew 4 i SHEL GROUND 77 o SCREWS EARTH GROUND O 2 s om T W BACKPLANE CAUTION European compliance To maintain CE compliance with the European Directive on EMC 89 336 EEC and the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC the 140 CPS 211 00 the 140 CRA 211 20 and the 140 CRA 212 20 must be installed in accordance with these instructions Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage 156 Quantum 24 VDC Detailed Figure system for CE compliance BACKPLANE GND SCREWS BROWN 24 VDC ER GREEN YELLOW EARTH GROUND LEAD The following figure shows the detailed installation of a 3 A 24 VDC powered QUANTUM BACKPLANE 140 XBP XX
12. Pre formedcable The 3 meter long CDP 301 or 5 meter long CDP 501 pre formed cables are made CDP 301 501 up of e a molded HE10 connector at one end with 20 protruding sheathed wires with a cross section of 0 34 mm e free wires at the other end differentiated by a color code complying with DIN 47100 Note A nylon thread built into the cable allows easy stripping of the sheath Note HE10 connectors must be engaged or disengaged with sensor and pre actuator voltage switched off 225 Discrete I O Modules The diagram below shows the connection of the pre formed cable to the module Module Pre formed cable Correspondence between the color of wires and the HE10 connector pin number white green brown gree white yellow yellow brow white gray gray brown pink brown TSX CDP 301 501 Bottom Note The maximum torque setting for tightening CDP cable connector screws is 0 5 N m 226 Discrete I O Modules Means of connecting Discrete I O modules connecting screw terminal block modules At a Glance Description of the screw terminal block Discrete I O module terminal blocks feature an automatic code transfer device activated on first use This allows fitting errors to be avoided when replacing a module This coding guarantees electrical compatibility by module type Every terminal block
13. IEC 61131 2 CSA 22 2 N 142 IEC 60950 IP 20 Impact Resistance CSA 22 2 N 142 IEC 60950 Drop 1 3 m 500 g Sphere Legend Tests required by EC directives Note The devices must be installed and wired according to the directions in the DG KBL manual 182 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics Resistance of devices to power supply L F turbulence Data table Test Designation Norms Levels Voltage and frequency EN 50082 1 Un 15 Nf 5 30 min x 2 Variation Un 20 Nf 10 5sx2 Continuous voltage EN 50082 1 0 85 Un 1 2 Un 30 30 min variation 5 ripple maximum Harmonic 3 IEC 61131 2 10 Un 0 5 min 180 5 min Momentary IEC 61131 2 AC 10 ms Interruptions DC 1ms Voltage peaks and IEC 61131 2 Un 0 Un Un 60s 3 cycles separated by 10s troughs Un 0 Un Un 5s 3 cycles separated by 1 to5s Un 0 9 Un Un 60s 3 cycles separated by 1 to5s Legend Un Nominal Voltage Nf Nominal Frequency Ud Power on detection level Tests required by EC directives Note The devices must be installed and wired according to the directions in the DG KBL manual 183 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics Resistance to H F turbulence Data table Test Designation Norms Levels Amortized oscillatory IEC 61131 2 AC DC 1kV SM wave IEC 61000 4
14. It is possible to wire the system so as to allow a greater distance between the ES PBs or PSs and the module Standard wiring O121 0122 131 0132 141 0142 151 0152 161 235 Safety Modules Optimized length wiring 0121 0122 131 0132 141 0142 151 0152 161 Length to be taken into account for calculation of the resistance 236 Counter Modules CTY 18 Overview Introduction This section contains guidelines and information for the configuration and installation of the Premium hardware counter modules with regard to grounding and EMC What s in this This chapter contains the following topics Chapter Topic Page Process for connecting encoder count sensors 238 General rules for implementation 239 Connecting the encoder supply 241 Wiring precautions 242 237 Counter Modules Process for connecting encoder count sensors Illustration Description of the different connection elements The CTY 4A module wiring is as follows For a CTY 2A or CTY 2C module only the elements related to channels 0 and 1 should be connected Encoders Encodes TSXCTY2C TSXCTY4A TSXCTY2A 1 Process for connecting the encoder to the standard 15 pin SUB D connector located on the CTY 2A 4A 2C module Given the various encoder types it is your responsibility to carry out this connection which consists of e aconnector for l
15. Weighing Module Recommendations on how to install a measurement system General Dividing up the loads Inhibiting interference on the load receiver Mechanical installation of the weighing sensors Protecting the sensors from interference currents The quality of the measurement provided by the module may be reduced considerably if the sensor set up and installation precautions have not been observed Thus in place of exhaustive information these few lines should make you aware of some of the precautions which need to be taken In a measurement system the weighing sensors support the following weights e the maximum weight to be weighed e the weight of the loading receiver and its structures or metrological tare This total weight is divided up between 1 2 3 4 6 even 8 sensors The design of the mechanical structures the shape of the loading receiver and the dividing of the load on or within the receiver means that the total weight is not always equally divided between all the sensors except of course in the case of a single sensor It is therefore a good idea to make sure that the dimensions of the weighing sensors are calculated in such a way as to be able to support the total weight maximum weight tare to which they will be subjected As a weighing sensor deflection is very weak a few tenths of a millimeter all interference on the load receiver or any friction on the permanent framework wi
16. s CPU in the form of 28 bit Discrete inputs Note The PLC has no effect on the safety modules and the safety system section is connected to an external power supply 232 Safety Modules Wiring precautions General The safety system must be wired in accordance with EN60204 1 This section gives a description of the rules for wiring and mechanically protecting cables The entire safety system the ES PBs or PSs TSX PAY 2 2 modules protection fuses and auxiliary relays are incorporated in housings with an IP54 minimum protection index as per EN954 1 Grounding The module has no grounding terminal on its front panel Depending on the TSX CPP 02 cable being used the 0 VDC can be grounded cf EN60204 1 directly via the TELEFAST ABE CPA13 Note The TSX CPP 301 cable has no ground connection Protection of Errors within the safety modules can be propagated to the outside of the module safety system particularly to the external supply in use short circuits within the module can cause a supply voltage avalanche or a supply malfunction if it is not protected This is why a 1 A gL quick blow fuse is placed in the control section of the relays given that maximum consumption is 200 mA Note This fuse called F1 is an active element of the safety system The module also contains a current limiting device set to 750 mA in order to detect inter channel short circuits on the
17. DEY 16A5 85 nF Legend 1 Max admissible coupling capacity with 240 VAC 50 Hz line 2 Filtering 0 1 ms 3 Filtering 3 5 ms 4 Filtering 7 5 ms 223 Discrete I O Modules Outputs Recommendations for use concerning Discrete I O module outputs are as follows e itis recommended to segment starts protecting each one with a quick blow fuse if currents are high e wires of a sufficient diameter should be used to avoid drops in voltage and overheating Cable routing Precautions for use to be taken concerning the wiring system are as follows e in order to reduce the number of alternating couplings power circuit cables power supplies power switches etc must be separated from input cables sensors and output cables pre actuators both inside and outside the equipment e outside the equipment cables leading to inputs outputs should be placed in covers that make them easily distinguishable from those containing wires relaying high energy levels They should also be placed preferably in separate grounded metal cableways These various cables must be routed at least 100 mm apart 224 Discrete I O Modules Means of connecting Discrete I O modules connecting HE10 connector modules At a Glance HE10 connector modules are connected to sensors pre actuators or terminal blocks using a pre formed cable designed to allow the smooth and direct transition of module inputs outputs from wire to wire
18. EMC domain management of power supplies Balancing Circuits Balancing Wiring possibilities Transposition Transposition The purpose of balancing circuits is to convert unsymmetrical coupled interferences into symmetrical ones Balanced interferences can therefore be suppressed by differential amplifiers See also Overlapping of Interference and Useful Signals on Wires p 57 The following wiring techniques can be used to balance circuits e Additional resistors e Four conductor bundle e Twisting wires e Twisted The transposition of outgoing and return conductors is done to suppress disturbance by creating an inductive coupling in a circuit Induced voltages in a successive conductor loops are 180 out of sync and neutralize each other ACOC XC OX OC OC OX Transposition becomes more effective with increasingly number of loops A good figure is 30 loops per meter 83 EMC Measures Room Arrangements Room arrangements from an EMC point of view Arranging components in a room with regard to EMC basically means that a specified minimum distance between components must be maintained to avoid capacitive inductive and radiation coupling This results in groupings of sources of interference and susceptible equipment in a complete system The field configuration is the decisive factor for the distances required Cabling Arrangements The role of cables in EMC Principle of c
19. Interference Coupling Overview of Interference Coupling Mechanisms 64 Interference current 56 Interference Current Dissipation of Cable Shields 126 Interference Current Dissipation of Filters 126 Interference Model 49 Interference Parameters 56 Interference voltage 56 Interfering pulse Frequency spectrum of an interference pulse 56 Internal lightning protection 106 Iron Beam as Functional Earth for a Cabinet 122 338 Index ISO 27 Isolating switch in energy supplies 51 IT System 36 L Leakage current of shields 86 Lighting Guidelines for Materials and Lighting in the Cabinet 127 Lightning Combination of Earthing Grounding and Lightning Protection 96 Lightning arrester Down lead from the lightning arrester to grounding system 105 Lightning Discharge 72 Lightning Discharge Current 69 Lightning Protection 106 Lightning protection zones 107 Line geometry Influence of line geometry on effective resistance with galvanic coupling 68 Line guided coupling 65 Line inductivity Influence of line inductivity with galvanic coupling 67 Local Grounding 100 Loop between exposed conductive parts Avoiding loops between exposed conductive parts by installing cables near the earth connection 139 Avoiding loops between exposed conductive parts by installing cables on grounding structures 139 Low Voltage Guidelines 18 M type Grid type grounding system 82 Machine Directives 22 Machine
20. Type of contact Definition Direct contact Contact with components that are supplied with a voltage in undisturbed operation Indirect contact Contact with components that are supplied with a voltage caused by a fault If components carry dangerous voltage people must be prevented from coming into direct contact and therefore risking injury The following measures considered e Secure separation between circuits Housing or cover Insulating active components Energy restrictions capacitor loads protective impedance Voltage restriction Additional fault current protective circuits A fault could also occur in which case preventing people from getting an electric shock by indirect contact is also necessary The following measures can be considered e Doubled reinforced insulation e Basic insulation and protective grounding e Additional fault current protective circuits 39 Grounding Respective Regulations for protective measures against electric shock are covered in the standards following standards e Safety regulation standard IEC 61140 Protection against electric shock Common requirements for systems and electrical equipment safety standards e Safety group standards IEC 60364 4 41 Electrical Installations of Buildings Part 4 Protection for Safety Chapter 41 Protection against electrical shock e For systems IEC 62103 and EN 50178 Electronic equipment for use in power instal
21. gt 600 V AC with a cross section of 1 5 mm for connection to the mains DANGER Safety of personnel To ensure the safety of personnel the ground terminal of the module must be connected to the protective earth using a green yellow wire Failure to follow this precaution will result in death serious injury or equipment damage The power supply terminal is protected by a flap which allows access to the wiring terminals The wires come vertically out of the power supply at its base These wires can be kept in place with a cable clip Secondary to comply with isolation requirements for a 24 V SELV isolated voltage the following wiring is used e an operating voltage 300 V AC with a cross section of 2 5 mm for the 24 V outputs and the ground 205 Power Supply Connection of SUP 1051 power supplies Illustration Connection diagram Normal connection 24V 24V EE 0V q 100 120 V Pe 200 240 V Fu External safety fuse on phase Fu 250V 4A time delay Parallelization Module 1 24V 0V Module 2 100 120 V v 200 240 V 206 Power Supply Connection rules Primary observe the rules concerning phase and neutral when wiring e an operating voltage gt 600 VAC with a cross section of 1 5 mm for connection to the mains DANGER Safety of personnel To ensure the safety of personnel the ground terminal of the module
22. 12 24 V Discrete I Os 1kV SM Fasttransients bursts EN 50082 1 AC DC Power Supply 2 kV WM CM s IEC 61000 4 4 48 V gt Discrete I Os 2kV CM other ports 1kV CM Hybrid shockwave IEC 61000 4 5 AC DC Power Supply 2 kV WM 1 kV SM AC Discrete I Os 2 kV WM 1 kV SM DC Discrete I Os 2 kV WM 0 5 kV SM Shielded Cable 1kV CM Electrostatic Discharge IEC 61131 2 6 kV contact x IEC 61000 4 2 8 kV air Electromagnetic Field EN 50082 2 10 V m 80MHz 2 GHz IEC 61000 4 3 Sinusoidal modulation amplitude 80 1kHz Conduit Turbulence EN 50082 2 10 V 0 15 MHz 80 MHz IEC 61000 4 6 Sinusoidal modulation amplitude 80 1kHz Legend SM Serial mode CM Common Mode WM Wire Mode Tests required by EC directives Note The devices must be installed and wired according to the directions in the DG KBL manual 184 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics Electromagnetic Emissions Data table Test Designation Norms Levels Conduction Limits EN55022 5501 1 Class A EN50081 2 150 kHz 500 kHz quasi peak 79 dB mV average 66 dB mV 500 kHz 30 kHz quasi peak 73 dB mV average 60 dB mV Emission Limits 1 EN55022 5501 1 Class A d 10m EN50081 2 30 kHz 230 kHz quasi peak 30 dB mV m 230 kHz 1 kHz quasi peak 37 dB mV m Legend 1 This test is carried out outside the casing with the devices secured to a metallic grill and wired as shown in the DG KBL
23. Coupling of different circuits to the same power supply e Coupling between operational circuits and grounding circuits earth circuit coupling e Coupling different circuits with a common reference conductor system The following circuit diagram shows two circuits with a common reference conductor a A Z Ui ILLA t St lt Ly RL Rsk a We Ust Character definitions Character Meaning U Voltage in circuit 1 Us Voltage in circuit 2 Ust Interference voltage Z Impedance of the common line from circuits 1 and 2 When a circuit is wired as seen in the upper diagram then switching the contact in circuit 1 causes a voltage drop on the common line impedance Z This voltage drop overrides the proper signal in circuit 2 as interference 66 EMC Basics Size of the interference Actual resistance RL Resistance with skin effect Rsk Line inductivity LL The intensity of the interference is determined by the impedance of the common conductor and the size of the change in current Note Especially highly frequent transient interference currents can cause extreme voltage drops Voltage drops on a common conductor with a change in current Us R X AL Rgg f X ALe Li x Character definitions Character Meaning l Current fluctuation Ust Interference voltage LL Self
24. Device A Device B VERY GOOD Cable Earth reference plane 139 Cabling Installing outgoing and return conductors next to each other Outgoing and return conductors must always be installed close to each other The smallest possible intervals are guaranteed across the total run length by using 2 wire twisted wire cables The illustration shows how out and return conductors are installed closely next to each other Parallel installation is only possible for signals of the same class Power supply Power supply Machine Machine Signal of the same class Signal of the same class 140 Cabling Guidelines for Cable Ducts Guidelines for arranging the cables in cable channels Guidelines for connecting cable ducts Non metallic cable ducts Sensitive cables classes 1 and 2 must be installed in the corners of the cable duct Connecting cable ducts must be carried out when necessary i e direct bonding by bolted fastening Note The earthing of cable ducts must be carried out when necessary see Direct bonding by bolted fastening for metallic parts p 112 Note Cable ducts that are not electrically conductive such as PVC tubes plastic skirting boards or similar are not recommended as they offer no shielding For example they can be used in
25. EMC 89 336 EEC and the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC Note In order to maintain CE compliance the Quantum system must be installed in accordance to these instructions A chassis ground wire is required for each backplane The wire is connected between one of four ground screws located on the backplane and the main ground point of the power system This wire should be green or green with a yellow stripe and the AWG rating must be at a minimum sized to meet the fuse rating of the supply circuit On each power supply connector there is a ground connection This connection must be made for safety reasons The preferred connection is between the power supply connector ground terminal and one of the backplane ground screws This wire should be green or green with a yellow stripe and at a minimum the same AWG rating as the power connections to the supply In backplanes with multiple power supplies each supply should have a ground connection between its input connector and the backplane ground screws Note It is recommended that the power supply feeding the I O modules is grounded at the main ground point 149 Quantum Other Equipment Grounding Systems with Multiple Power Feeds Other equipment in the installation should not share the grounding conductor of the system Each piece of equipment should have its own grounding conductor returning to the main grounding point from which the equ
26. EMC Directives in the EU EMC guidelines Requirements Harmonized Standards Validity What are the corresponding European standards The EMC directive for the EU passed in 1989 was used to achieve a harmonization of the regulations for electromagnetic compatibility for technical products in EU countries The EMC directive was adopted in each EU country as a national EMC regulation The EMC directive requires that the devices function properly in the electromagnetic environment without causing electromagnetic disturbances which would could disturb the functions of other devices in this environment The requirements for protection are met if the devices follow the corresponding harmonized European standards The EMC regulation is valid for devices which can cause electromagnetic disturbances or which can be influenced by such disturbances This includes all electrical and electronic devices and systems with electrical or electronic components It defines the conditions of such devices for e sales e distribution and e operation Harmonized standards are standards that use the information published by the European community as the source The term corresponding means that the standards provide information concerning the EMC requirements in general or specially for the product type being used 21 Regulations and Standards in the EU Machine Directives in the EU Machine directives Requi
27. ES PBs or PSs The external supply is protected in the event of this happening and an error is indicated on the safety system In order to guarantee the safety function it is compulsory to use the following e On input e double contact ES PBs or PSs e the NF contacts of the guided contact auxiliary relays in the feedback loop e On output e two or four guided contact auxiliary relays e a4A gL output protection fuse F2 e On the external module supply a 1 A gL protection fuse F1 233 Safety Modules Protection of safety outputs Output voltages can reach 230 VAC or 127 VDC Outputs are not protected inside the module though GMOV type for a continual load or RC cell type for an alternating load protection is applied directly to the terminals of the load in use These protective measures must be adapted to the load The use of guided contact auxiliary relays and the feedback loop wiring then make it possible to detect a safety output short circuit A 4 A gL quick blow fuse is located in the auxiliary supply circuit to protect the module s safety relay contacts and the connected loads this fuse is identical to that used in PREVENTA modules The fuse F2 located on the safety outputs provides protection against short circuits and overloads This protection avoids the melting of the safety relay contacts in TSX PAY 2 2 modules Cable dimensions and lengths General points Cross section of TELE
28. Guidelines 18 Machines According to the Machine Directive 22 Guidelines for Arranging the Device in the Cabinet or a Machine 120 Main Building Systems Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing for Systems between Buildings 108 Main grounding system 98 Mains lead Cable ducts in the cabinet 126 Mains Voltage 117 Maintenance 42 Materials Guidelines for Materials and Lighting in the Cabinet 127 Measuring Circuit Cable shield measuring circuit 136 Mechanisms Overview of Interference Coupling Mechanisms 64 Meshed earthing system 105 Metals Guidelines for Materials and Lighting in the Cabinet 127 Microwave device 50 Momentum Devices Grounding 172 Motor 51 52 Mounting processor modules 191 Mounting Rail 122 Multiplexer 52 Mutual impedance of cable shields 85 N Narrow band Examples of narrow band sources of interference 50 Neutral Earthing Guidelines for Earthing and Grounding in the Cabinet 122 Noise 51 Non periodic interference 54 Nuclear discharge 51 O Oscillation 59 339 Index Outgoing and return conductor Installing outgoing and return conductors close to each other to avoid unsymmetrical coupling 140 Overvoltage Protection 106 289 P Parallel Cabling Guidelines 135 Parasitic capacitance 59 Parasitic inductance 59 Partition panel Partitioning the EMC domains in the cabinet 121 PAY safety module 232 PE Protective Earth 41 Peak value 56 PEN Protective Ear
29. I O module label To install the ground screw follow the steps below Refer to the figure below for the screw locations Step Action 1 Install the standoff into the threaded fixed standoff ground nut assembly which is located on the I O module s printed circuit board Snap the communication adapter onto the I O module Follow the same procedure as all other Momentum products For more information on communication adapter assembly refer to Chapter 3 of Modicon Momentum I O Base User Guide 870 USE 002 00 3 Install the ground screw through the top of the communication adapter Ground screw installation Added standoff T 4 Standard screw M3 6 4 Communication adapter cover 4 Male female standoff 287 Interbus Backward Compatibility The above I O modules can also be used with any of the Momentum communication or processor adapters that do not include the ground screw CAUTION POSSIBLE EQUIPMENT FAILURE When using the new version of the above I O modules with any communication or processor adapter do not install the standoff into the fixed standoff ground nut assembly on the I O module s printed circuit board The standoff could touch some of the components on the adapter which may cause faulty operation or product failure Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage Cent
30. The device has a protective conductor connection for connecting to an external protective conductor All components of the device that a person can come into contact with e g frame housing mounts are connected electrically and are connected with the protective conductor connection so that no dangerous voltage can enter The protective conductor connection must remain intact when working on the device as long as the supply is connected Requirements for the construction of PLCs and their peripherals can be found in IEC 61131 2 Programmable Controllers Part 2 Equipment requirements and tests 43 Grounding 44 Electromagnetic Disturbance and EMC 4 Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This chapter contains the electronics basics on electromagnetic disturbance This is based on the following questions e What can electromagnetic disturbances in industrial applications actually result in e What are the sources of disturbance e How can disturbance signals interfere with useful signals e What types of coupling mechanisms are there and what measures should be used to avoid problems This knowledge is necessary in understanding possible disturbance phenomena and the preventative measures that you can take in the planning and installation of the electrical equipment in an industrial application This chapter contains the following sections Section Top
31. cabinets and constructive components chaining Guidelines and recommen dations forisland grounding systems Grounding connection points Recommendations for creating a grounding cell An island may not be larger than 3 5 m Conductive false floors can be used to create an effective island grounding System For reasons of practicality only one of three supports needs to be connected This gives you a cell of 1 80 m The connections can be made using copper rod short fat bolts or with grounding strips Where possible a direct positive fit contact should be made for example for the connection of metal cable ducts When two chassis or cabinets are installed side by side they should be connected directly to each other at at least two points i e above and below Ensure that paint or any other coating does not affect the electrical contact The use of lock washers is recommended The grounding components strips bolts may not be longer than 50 cm 102 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Guidelines for the Earthing System and Grounding System Scope of the The grounding system for an electrical system creates the connection to earth and grounding must meet the following requirements system e Discharge the voltage from touchable metallic system parts chassis to protect people from electric shocks e Discharge over
32. calibered fast blow fuses The OV supply must be connected to the protective ground nearest to the supply module output e this must be used only for supplying the encoder e it must be independent enough to override micro power outages gt 10ms e it must be placed as close as possible to the CCY 1128 module to reduce circuit capacities to the maximum 254 Electronic Cam Module Choice of encoders for the CCY 1128 Introduction Encoder output interface Encoder supply The CCY 1128 module inputs are able to receive signals from the following encoders e incremental e absolute with SSI serial outputs e absolute with parallel outputs This last type requires the use of a specific interface TELEFAST ABE 7CPA11 The user can choose from these encoder types according to the requirements The table below summarizes the main characteristics of the output interface for the encoder types normally used Type Supply Output Types of interface of encoder voltage voltage Incremental 5 VDC 5 VDC differential Outputs with line transmitters to RS 422 standard with 2 outputs per signal A A B B Z Z 10 30 VDC 10 30 VDC Totem Pole outputs with one output per signal A B Z Absolute 10 30 VDC 5 VDC differential Output with line transmitters to RS with SSI 422 standard for the data signal outputs Data SSI RS 422 compatible input for the clock signal CLK SSI Abso
33. chassis ground by a capacitor i e if low frequency is a problem neutral Repeater is configured as a drop on the optical link shipped position 2 RIO cable shield is connected directly to chassis ground i e the same ground as the main RIO head 328 RIO Network 28 Grounding of RIO Networks Overview The Remote I O communication is based on single point grounding that is located at the head Coaxial cable and taps have no additional connection to the ground That eliminates the low frequency ground loops Missing A cable system must be grounded at all times to ensure safety and proper operation grounding of the nodes on the network The cable system is grounded by the RIO head processor But if the cable is removed the ground connection doesn t work anymore Ground Blocks Ground blocks ensure grounding even if the cable is removed Additional properties are as follows e Low insertion loss Only if five or more are used they have to be consider in the trunk attenuation with 0 2 dB each The impedance is 75 Ohms and the return loss gt 40 dB e Wide application frequency 329 RIO Network Ground Block structure The ground block 60 0545 000 consists of two female in line F connectors and a separate screw hole binding for attaching a ground wire The grounding block has two mounting holes allowing it to be mounted to a flat surface Two styles of the ground block 60 0545 000 are a
34. coils inverters with corresponding protection A C power supplies Main power supplies for high power devices Class 4 Interfering Signal disturbs other classes signals Welding machine Power circuits in general Electronic speed controller switching power supplies 132 Cabling Guidelines for Selecting Cables Guidelines for The following guidelines should be observed when selecting cables for use in an Selecting Cables industrial environment e Use cables with twisted outgoing and return conductors e Foranalog signals cables with shielded out and return conductors and braided shields should be used Use cables with double shielding for analog process signals outside of buildings e For high frequency radiated interference 5 30 Mhz use cables with braided shields e Use shielded cables for interfering signals class 4 additional shielding by installing cables through metal tubes or metal cable channels Example for Example for the implementation of cables for class 1 signals sensitive class 1 signals Shielded E Shielded cable twisted two wire cable with additional Shielding Example for Example for the implementation of cables for class 2 signals slightly sensitive class 2 signals Unifilar Conductor Unused Conductor 133 Cabling Example for Example for the implementation of cables for class 3 signals slightly interfering class 3
35. connector cables the other sensors and the pre actuators must be kept away from any source of radiation resulting from high power electric circuit switches and which could cause malfunctions Encoder signal The module encoder connector cables must adhere to the following rules connector cables e e They must be shielded using a high quality shielding they must only carry related signals to the encoder the cable shielding must be linked to the protective ground connection both at the module and the encoder the grounding must be continuous throughout the connection 253 Electronic Cam Module Selecting and protecting auxiliary power supplies Introduction Type of power supply Protecting power supplies Connection of the OV supply to the protective ground General rules for installing the encoder power supply module Encoders sensors and pre actuators associated with the module require auxiliary power supplies BVDC and or 24VDC Only use regulated power supplies to e ensure optimum reliable response time for sensors and pre actuators e increase the reliability of devices by minimum heating of module 1 O circuits These power supplies must be independent enough gt 10ms to override micro power outages and ensure the module continues to run effectively The power supplies for encoders other sensors and pre actuators MUST be protected from overloads and short circuits by appropriately
36. earth reference plane or rail must be installed on the floor of the Grounding in the cabinet for the conventional reference potential Cabinet e All metal parts of the cabinet are connected with each other e The metal housing of the cabinet must be integrated in the higher level earthing system e All protective grounding conductor must be earthed 122 Cabinet Constructing The following illustration shows how the earth and grounding system is constructed earth and ground in the cabinet in the cabinet MA EB Y FE PE EB Adjacent cabinet or jig FE The functional earth e g the iron beam of the hall water or heating supply pipes or neutral earthing for the hall HS Mounting rail for installing the module backplane or the installation accessories M Reference conductor system or reference conductor rail massive copper busbar or bridged terminal block MA Grounding earth reference plane or rail that is used as the functional earth PE Protective earth PE via protective earth choke 123 Cabinet Guidelines for installing a ground connection in the cabinet The following guidelines should be observed when installing a ground connection in a cabinet An unpainted earth reference plane or rail must be installed on the floor of the cabinet for the common reference potential The sheet or metal grid that acts as the earth reference plane or rail is connected to the cabinets meta
37. equipment damage Do not create any induction loops This can be caused by laying out the supply conductors L M in pairs As a remedy use twisted pair wiring The series connections often found in automatic circuit breakers should be avoided since they increase the inductive component in the output voltage leads The potential relationships of the bus adapters are designed so that the individual l O stations form potential isolated islands e g by isolating the incoming remote bus of InterBus To decide whether potential balancing is necessary refer to the installation guidelines of the used communication adapter 166 Momentum Selecting Power Supplies Introduction Using Three Phase Bridges Provide Reserve Capacity This section provides guidelines for selecting power supplies Unfiltered three phase bridges can be used in 24 VDC power supplies for the I O bases the sensors and the actuators In view of the maximum permissible ripple of 5 monitoring for phase failure is necessary For single phase rectification the 24 VDC must be buffered to ensure conformance to the specifications in System Specifications on page 595 20 30V max ripple 5 CAUTION POTENTIAL FOR DANGEROUS VOLTAGE LEVELS You must electrically isolate the AC to DC converter between the input primary and output secondary Otherwise dangerous voltage levels can be propagated to the output if
38. equipotential bonding for low and high frequency signals e Good chassis connection to decrease the contact resistance Two types of grounding systems are used e S Type Point to point e M Type Grid type Large plants use both grounding types in combination as they have varying effectiveness depending on the application The advantages and disadvantages of each system are described below 80 EMC Measures Stype grounding With point to point grounding of reference conductors every reference conductor to system be grounded in a circuit is only connected once to ground at a central point Point to point grounding system S Type ERP Advantages and Advantages of point to point grounding for reference conductors disadvantages of e Reference conductors cannot be coupled and disturbance caused by induced point to point voltages is not possible at low frequencies grounding e Atlow frequencies no or only slightly different potential differences between ground and reference conductor can occur Disadvantages of point to point grounding for reference conductors e A point to point grounding system can only be achieved at high cost due to additional isolation e High frequency coupling are possible e Different conventional reference potentials can occur at high frequencies e Isolated arrangement of device chassis is required against the reference co
39. inductivity on the common line frequency dependent RL Actual resistance of the common conductor Rsk Additional resistance on the common conductor caused by skin effect frequency dependent The Ohmic DC resistance R is effective for currents with frequencies into the Kilohertz range Utilizing a broad enough cross section wire generally cures the problem The resistance increase caused by the skin effect basically rises according to the following formula Ree R XK xu Character definitions Character Meaning K Geometry factor less with larger conductive surface f Interference frequency The self inductance L depends on the line geometry and the distance to the ground environment and can be reduced by a factor of 10 by a conductor with a broader surface area With standard signal lines and wiring it has approximately the value H L lux z 67 EMC Basics Influence of line The effects of line geometry on the frequency dependent effective resistance R are geometry shown in the following diagram The diagram on the left shows the dependence for a conductor with a round cross section and the one on the right shows the same for a conductor with a rectangular cross section 103 10 1 Ra 10 Ro 10 10 10 10 10 106 10 108H 109 102 103 104 10 10 10 108H 109 R Effective r
40. lines must have double shielded cables the inside shield must be grounded at one end and the outside shield at both ends e Signal lines must be wired with an over voltage protection element that is connected at the cable entrance to the building when possible or at the cabinet as a minimum Observe the following Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing for Systems between Buildings p 108 Fiber optic cables are recommended for data transfer between buildings This creates no problems with loops between exposed conductive parts in the event of a lightning strike 144 Quantum Family IV Overview Introduction What s in this Part This section contains product specific guidelines installation instructions and information about grounding and EMC for the components of the Quantum product family It contains the same information as the documentation provided with the products This part contains the following chapters Chapter Chapter Name Page 11 Quantum Family 147 145 Quantum Family 146 Quantum Family 11 Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This chapter contains product specific guidelines installation instructions and information abut grounding and EMC for the components of the Quantum product family It contains the same information as the documentation provided with the products This chapter contains
41. made very carefully as this ensures connection with the earthing system e Interfering cables must be filtered before entering the cabinet The following guidelines should be observed when using filters e The filter must have a good conductive ground connection e The filters input line may not be laid together with the filters output line or with other signal and supply lines e When mounting the filter near a cable entrance distance from floor or wall 100 mm the line to the filter is only twisted e When mounting a filter further than 100 mm away from the cable entrance the line through the cabinet must be twisted and shielded 126 Cabinet Guidelines for Materials and Lighting in the Cabinet Guidelines for Suitable metal combinations must be used to ensure a long term highly conductive materials connection between the metal parts that form the cabinet The metals to be connected should be selected according to the electro chemical series of metals to reduce the potential differences to a maximum of 0 5 V This also applies when selecting the connection components such as screws stay washers rivets etc Guidelines for Fluorescent tubes may not be used in series to light cabinets Lighting The following lights can be used e Light bulbs e Energy saving lamps e Fluorescent tubes with electronic starters 127 Cabinet Guidelines for Installing Filters in the Cabinet Installation guide
42. may be run in common cable ducts Dividers in metal cable ducts may be used as long as the minimum spacing of 20 cm is kept between wires PROFIBUS data lines must be run separately in metal cable ducts Generally the same rules apply for running lines outside of buildings as within However the following applies to bus cable Run in a suitable plastic tubing When burying cables only cable that is specifically designed for this purpose may be used Pay special attention to the permitted temperatures When running cables between buildings use Surge Protection for Bus Leads lightning protection p 278 For baud rates over 500 kBaud fiber optics cable is recommended 274 Profibus Grounding and Shielding for Systems with Equipotential Bonding Central Shielding Each cable shield should be galvanically grounded with the earth using FE PE grounding clamps immediately after the cable has been connected to the cabinet Measures This example indicates the shielding connection from the PROFIBUS cable to the FE PE rail PROFIBUS cable PE FE rail or clamp provides contact with the cable Note An equalization current can flow across a shield connected at both ends because of fluctuations in ground potential To prevent this it is imperative that there is potential equalization between all the attached installation components and devices This exampl
43. must be connected to the protective earth using a green yellow wire Failure to follow this precaution will result in death serious injury or equipment damage The power supply terminal is protected by a flap which allows access to the wiring terminals The wires come vertically out of the power supply at its base These wires can be kept in place with a cable clip Secondary to comply with isolation requirements for a 24 V SELV isolated voltage the following wiring is used e an operating voltage 300 V AC with a cross section of 2 5 mm for the 24 V outputs and the ground 207 Power Supply Connection of SUP 1101 power supplies Illustration 1 Normal connection diagram input terminal output terminal ES Sel Lsh 4 Sel 424V me i 24V 24V L 0v aisi v I EX 200 240 V 100 120 V OV N ov AC network AC network 24 VDC output connection connection connection 200 240V 100 120V 208 Power Supply Illustration 2 Parallel connection diagram parallelization input terminals Module 1 Module 2 200 240 V 1 Connection for a 100 120 VAC power supply output terminals 24V 0V 2 External safety fuse on phase Fu 250 V 6 3A time delay 209 Power Supply Connectionrules Primary Observe the rules concerning phase and neutral when wiring e an operating voltage gt 600 V A
44. of buildings The nominal discharge current should in this case be at least 5kA The lightning arrestors Type VT RS485 and Type CT B110 from Dehn und S hne GmbH amp Co KG can for example be used For the supplier address and order numbers for protection equipment and accessories see To protect an INTERBUS cable two protection device groups are required in each building The first group Type B110 is positioned where the cable enters the building and is used as the lightning conductor The second group Type RS485 close to the first node is the overvoltage protection device Before connection of the protection devices please observe the following rules e Install a functional ground equipotential bonding rail e Assemble the protection devices near the building ground so that the overload current is diverted along the shortest route The cable minimum 6mm to the building and functional ground should be as short as possible e A maximum of 10 protection devices connected in series with 4 open land sections for connecting buildings to each other are allowed in the INTERBUS cables e Perform a Shield grounding See Shield grounding with protection devices p 291 of the INTERBUS lead according to the lightning arrestor used type CT B110 or type VT RS485 289 Interbus Protection Protection device connection plan device Structure 1 Structure 2 connection plan Z ZA Bus node Bus node S
45. of connection are identical 199 Basic elements PSY 5520 isolated power supply module Connecting a single rack PLC station with a ground referenced network Alternating network 100 240 V L N Q PE Supply control bre actuators 1 Supply for sensors pre actuators Q General section switch KM Circuit contactor breaker 1 Insulating connector bar for finding grounding faults 2 Optional use of a process power supply Note Protective fuse the PSY 5520 power supply modules are fitted during manufacture with a protective fuse This fuse in series with the 24 48V input is located inside the module and cannot be accessed 200 Basic elements Connecting a multi rack PLC station with a ground referenced network Alternating network 100 240 V Supply control pre actuators 1 Supply for sensors pre actuators Supply control pre actuators Q General section switch KM Circuit contactor breaker 1 Insulating connector bar for finding grounding faults 2 Optional use of a process power supply Note Protective fuse the PSY 5520 power supply modules are fitted during manufacture with a protective fuse This fuse in series with the 24 48V input is located inside the module and cannot be accessed Note If there are several PLC stations supplied by the same network the principles of connection are id
46. oo max ground screw maybe mounting flange to secure clamp Remove outer used if wire space Customer electrical panel may jacket to expose and clearance allows need to be drilled and tapped the shield braid Note To maintain CE compliance with the European Directive on EMC 89 336 EEC the Modbus Plus drop cables must be installed in accordance with these instructions Preparing the This table shows the steps to prepare the cable for grounding cable for Step Action grounding 1 Determine the distance from the cable s end connector to the intended ground point on your backplane or panel 2 Stripping of the cable s outer jacket Note Keep in mind that the maximum allowable distance from the ground point to the cable s end connector is 11 8 in 30 cm 3 Remove 0 5 1 in 13 25 mm of the cable s outer jacket to expose the shield braid as shown in the figure above 4 If the panel has a suitable ground point for mounting the cable clamp install the clamp at that point 326 Modbus Plus Network Fiber Repeaters Grounding This table shows the steps for grounding a Modbus Plus Fiber Repeater Step Action 1 Connect the Repeater to the site ground Result The Repeater obtains it s ground through the chassis ground screw or DC wire 2 Use a continuity tester to verify that the repeater is grounded to the site ground Connecting AC This table shows the s
47. point is connected through an impedance with earth neutral Body is connected directly to the ground point of the system In alternating current networks the grounded point is normally the zero conductor or if none exists then the external conductor Separate A conductor is provided for a protective function and is separated from the neutral or the external conductor English combined Neutral and protective function combined in one conductor PEN conductor The identifying letters for the current distribution system are assigned as follows e Firstletter Indicates the ground connection to the energy source Transformer for example e Second letter Indicates the ground connection to the electrical equipment 37 Grounding Personal Danger through Electrical Current Dangerous Body Currents Electrical Shock Energy hazards Burns Miscellaneous indirect hazards An electrical shock is the result of current flowing through the human body Currents of 1 mA can cause reactions in a person of good health which can in turn cause shock to a dangerous degree Higher levels of current can result in more damage In dry conditions voltages to around 42 4 V peak value or 60 V constant voltage are not normally considered dangerous Components that must be touched or gripped should be connected with protective ground or should be sufficiently insulated Short circuits between n
48. purpose of this manual 322 Modbus Plus Network 27 Overview Introduction This chapter contains product specific guidelines installation instructions and information about grounding and EMC for Modbus Plus network components It contains the same information as the documentation provided with the products What s in this This chapter contains the following topics 5 Chapter Topic Page Modbus Plus Termination and Grounding 324 Fiber Repeaters 327 323 Modbus Plus Network Modbus Plus Termination and Grounding How taps have to be terminated A tap is required at each site on the trunk cable to provide connections for the trunk cable and drop cable Each tap contains an internal terminating resistor that can be connected by two jumpers Two jumper wires are included in the tap package but are not installed At the taps at the two ends of a cable section you must connect both of the jumpers to provide the proper terminating impedance for the network Taps at inline sites must have both jumpers removed The impedance is maintained regardless of whether a node device is connected to the drop cable Any connector can be disconnected from its device without affecting the network impedance The diagram shows a Modbus Plus Network connection with terminating resistors and grounding cable tie outer shield ground wire 324 Modbus Plus Network Grounding at the
49. s in this This chapter contains the following topics h r Chapte Topic Page Choice of direct current power supply for sensors and pre actuators 220 associated with Discrete I O modules Precautions and general rules for wiring with Discrete I O modules 221 Means of connecting Discrete I O modules connecting HE10 connector 225 modules Means of connecting Discrete I O modules connecting screw terminal block 227 modules Ways of connecting discrete I O modules connecting modules to TELEFAST 228 interfaces using an HE10 connector 219 Discrete I O Modules Choice of direct current power supply for sensors and pre actuators associated with Discrete I O modules At a Glance The following is a presentation of precautions for choosing sensors and pre actuators associated with Discrete I O modules External direct When using an external 24 VDC direct current power supply it is advised to use current power either supplies e regulated power supplies e non regulated power supplies but with the following filtering e 1000 microF A with full wave single phase rectification and 500 microF A with tri phase rectification e 5 maximum peak to peak ripple maximum voltage variation 20 to 25 of the nominal voltage including ripple Note Rectified power supplies with no filtering are prohibited Ni Cad battery This type of power supply can be used to power sensors and pre actuators and all p
50. static electricity Now connect the bus connector to the device Discharge the other PROFIBUS DP cable connectors as described in steps 2and 3 Notes Note During mounting the metal part of the PROFIBUS DP connector is connected internally to the cable shield When the bus cable connector is inserted into the module s PROFIBUS port a short connection between the shield and the FE PE is created automatically 281 Profibus Capacitive By Pass Terminal GND 001 Overview Connection Example Distributed grounding with capacitive by passing is used in systems without equipotential bonding Mount the Schneider by pass terminal GND 001 as shown in the following representations This example shows the connection from the PROFIBUS cable to the by pass terminal CXIII 09090099 bf m om m m l 4 5 606440 000000 GND 001 Shielding Connection to Rail PROFIBUS cable entering switching cabinet a fF O N PROFIBUS cable exiting switching cabinet 282 Profibus Making Shielding This example shows the shielding connection with the PROFIBUS cable Connections Copper shield foil included Note The by pass for the bus ends is to be prepared on one cable only 283 Profibus 284 Interbus 25 Overview Introduction This chapter contains pro
51. test lab e g for presses or woodworking systems Harmonized European standards are standards created by the European standard ization organizations CEN and CENELEC and are recognized by the EU as being harmonized standards These standards define how the conformity to the requirements of the EU guidelines can be achieved Each guideline has a group of harmonized standards If these standards are used it can be assumed that conformity is guaranteed However the standards do not have to be met according to law If the requirements of the guidelines or the corresponding national regulations are met in other ways this is also allowed Using the standards has the advantage that it is easier create a conformity statement and to confirm conformity in a court of law Note However using the standards is not enough The standards are only the minimum requirements They only represent the level of technology compared to the far reaching state of science and technology 19 Regulations and Standards in the EU Types of Standards Product Standards There are three types of European standard documents European standard EN A European standard is the basic goal An EN is a European technical regulation created by CEN or CENELEC in cooperation and with the consent of the parties concerned from the EU countries European standards must be added to the national standards without being changed National standa
52. the cover are 12 5 cm by 7 5 cm Wire entry exit shall be through strain relief bushings The following figure shows the wiring connections to the enclosed line filter Case tab Ground wire for metal box Not Protective Cover Green Yellow required for plastic box To ground screw on Quantum backplane 162 Momentum Family Overview Introduction What s in this Part This chapter contains product specific guidelines installation instructions and information about grounding and EMC for the components of the Momentum product family It contains the same information as the documentation provided with the products This part contains the following chapters Chapter Chapter Name Page 12 Momentum Family 165 163 Momentum Family 164 Momentum Family 12 Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This chapter contains product specific guidelines installation instructions and information about grounding and EMC for the components of the Momentum product family It contains the same information as the documentation provided with the products This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page Structuring Your Power Supply System 166 Selecting Power Supplies 167 Single Power Supply Configuration 168 Protective Circuits for DC Actuators 170 Protective Circuits for AC
53. the following circumstances e The drive cable must be shielded e The guidelines for cabling must be observed see Cabling p 131 Isolation by using partition panels is necessary for the part of the cabinet where sources of inductance are mounted The partition panel must have a good connection to the cabinet ground Examples of such sources of inductance are e Transformers e Valves e Contactors 120 Cabinet Example EMC Example for setting up small cabinets partitioning using partition panels that are domains connected to ground at several points reduces interference influences separated by partition panels High power Low power S550 55 nooo oo 000000 000 00 000000 000000 S s ooo ese oso oSo ooo sos ooo 599 umm umm umm umm um m uu m uu m uu m S mum lsss aoss essjsss asojoes sss aoo 555 Partition panel High performance Mains Actuator Transducer components Probes Detectors 121 Cabinet Solution EMC Example for setting up large cabinets A separate cabinet is provided for the power domains in two and control sections cable connections are made in a metal cable channel cabinets Metallic cable duct Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing in the Cabinet Guidelines for The following guidelines should be observed when grounding a cabinet Earthing and e Anunpainted
54. to them Note Where there are large power consumer actuators contactor solenoid coils etc the SUP A05 supply module can provide the auxiliary 24 VDC insulated from the AS i line 216 Power Supply General precautions Introduction Important Rule 1 While installing the yellow AS i cable it is essential to place it in a cable track which is separate from the power cables It is also advisable to place it flat and not twisted This will help make the two AS i cable wires as symmetrical as possible Installing the AS i cable on a surface connected to the electric potential of the machine for example the housing complies with the requirements of the EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility directive The end of the cable or the ends in the case of a bus with a star formation must be protected either e by connecting it them to a T derivation e by not allowing them to come out of their last connection point It is important to distribute power effectively on the AS i bus so that each device on the bus is supplied with sufficient voltage to enable it to operate properly To do this certain rules must be followed Select the caliber of the supply module adapted to the total consumption of the AS i segment Available calibers are 2 4A SUP A02 and 5A SUP A05 A caliber of 2 4A is generally sufficient based on an average consumption of 65mA per slave for a segment made up of a maximum of 31 sla
55. voltage surge lightning discharge Non periodical interference Iu 1 54 EMC Basics Non periodic interference to supply voltages Interfering voltages into the kV range can occur because of non periodical interference to supply and data lines Various forms of interference in industrial networks A A t t A A t t 1 Commutation drop 2 Phase controller 3 Transient processes 4 Burst EMC Basics Effective Parameters Interference parameter Causes of effective interference Frequency influence Frequency spectrum of an interference pulse Parameters for interference variables are e Rise time as a measurement of the duration of the interference e Rate of change du dt di dt as a measurement of the intensity of the interference e Peak value as a measurement of the energy of the interference Note Causes of effective interference are exclusively amplitude variations in electrical parameters per time unit The duration of the interference is identical to the duration of the change in the source of interference The frequency spectrum of a disturbance variable is important because the inductive resistance and the capacitive resistance on a conductor depend on the frequency The higher the frequency of the interference the higher the interfering signal Frequent interference signals cause a voltage drop on the indu
56. why only Internet sites are listed here Finding EU EU directives can be found in original text on the Internet on the European directives Commission site The site is available in all official European languages Step Procedure 1 Go to the EU Commission site http europa eu int eur lex 2 Go to the following path on the site Legislation in force Industrial policy and internal market 3 Select Electrical material Result You get a list of EU directives for electrical material as well as a direct link to the full text version of the directive Finding The current list of European harmonized standards for each EU directive can be harmonized found on the CENELEC site the European standards organization for electro standards technical products Step Procedure 1 Go to the CENELEC site http www cenelec org 2 On the site select Search Standardization activities Result A form appears with fields where you can enter your search criteria Select a topic from the list of Keywords for example EMC Select an EU directive from the list of Directive s for example 73 23 EEC Confirm your definitions with OK Result You now receive a list of standards according to your search criterion 24 International Standards Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This chapter provides information concerning international technical standards for systems an
57. 03823765 www relcominc com 331 RIO Network 332 Index Numerics 2 wire cable Using 2 wire cables for out and return conduction of signals 140 A AC Actuators Protective Circuits for 171 Actual resistance Influence of the actual resistance with galvanic coupling 67 Actuator cable Actuator cables outside islands 101 Alternating Current System TT TN IT Systems 36 Amateur radio transmitter 50 Analog I O Lines Grounding 175 Analog measuring circuit Cable shield measuring circuit 136 Analog Process Signals 126 Cable Selection 133 Antenna 75 Arcing 52 Arcing contact 52 Arrangements Room Arrangements from an EMC Point of View 84 Asymmetrically operated circuit with common mode interference 60 with differential mode interference 59 Asymmetrically operated circuits 58 Asymmetries Unwanted Asymmetries in circuit 62 Unwanted asymmetries in circuit 59 61 Atmospheric discharge 51 B Balancing 83 Bandwidth of the working frequency 83 Basic Security and Safety Requirements machine directive 22 Bistable latches 52 Body Currents Dangerous Body Currents Electrical Shock 38 Braided Shield Cable Selection 133 Building Guidelines for the Grounding System in Buildings 98 Buried cable 142 Burst 54 Bus cable Cable ducts in the cabinet 126 C Cabinet Guidelines for Arranging the Devices 120 Guidelines for Cabling in the Cabinet 333 Index 126 Gui
58. 1 Capacitive By Pass Terminal GND 001 282 273 Profibus Wiring Guidelines for Bus Segment Installation Wiring in Buildings Wiring outside of buildings The following guidelines apply for wiring bus segments e Type A bus cable which complies with PROFIBUS standards is to be used the bus e The bus cable may not be twisted pinched or stretched e A bus segment must be fitted with a termination resistor on both ends The corresponding slave must be live at all times so that the termination resistor is effective however e Bus nodes that do not terminate a segment can be separated from the bus without interrupting regular data traffic e Branch lines are not allowed In Cabinets Cable locations play a major role in the resistance to interference Therefore the following guidelines are applied Data lines must be separated from all AC and DC power lines gt 60 V A minimum spacing of 20 cm is to be kept between data lines and power lines AC and DC feed wires 60 V and 230 V must be run separately from AC and DC power feeds 230 V Separated means that the cables are in different cable bundles and ducts PG screws with integrated grounding are not allowed Cabinet lighting must be done with EMC safe lights and wiring Outside of Cabinets Cables must be run in metal cable ducting lines troughs ducts or tubing wherever possible Only wires of 60 V or shielded 230 V
59. 175 173 Momentum Grounding DIN Rail Terminals and Cabinets Overview This section shows how to ground DIN rail terminals and cabinets Illustration The following illustration shows how to ground DIN rail terminals and cabinets XY FE gt PE A 26 AWG or 16 mm m 1 DIN rail for connecting the Momentum device and its accessories 2 Reference conductor system or rail solid copper or connected terminals 3 Grounding bar in the cabinet 4 Next cabinet 5 Grounding screw PE FE in cabinet FE Functional earth PE Protective earth XY Protective earth choke Conductor cross section depends on the load of the system 174 Momentum Grounding Analog I O Lines Overview Principle Guidelines Using Cleats or Clamps Analog wires must be grounded directly when entering the cabinet You may use commercial cleats or clamps or an analog cable grounding rail This section describes both approaches High frequency interference can only be discharged via big surfaces and short cable lengths Follow these wiring guidelines e Use shielded twisted pair cabling e Expose the shielding on one side for instance at the console exit e Make sure the track is properly grounded see Grounding Momentum Devices p 172 Grounding of the bus cable is determined by the bus adapter used Look f
60. 18 European Preliminary Standard 20 European Standard 20 External lightning protection 106 F Failure Definition 48 Fault current protective circuit 39 Ferrite cores 87 Fiber optic cable Recommended for cables between buildings 144 Filter Filtering the Mains Voltage 117 Fundamental EMC Measures 86 Guidelines for Installing Filters in the Cabinet 128 Guidelines for installing filters in the cabinet 126 in the cabinet 124 Interference Current Dissipation of Filters 126 Floor covering 93 Floor maintenance 93 Fluorescent lamp 52 Fluorescent Lamps 75 336 Index Free Conductors Guidelines for Grounding Unused Conductors 139 Frequency Influence of the frequency of a disturbance variable 56 Function Degradation Definition 48 Function Failure Definition 48 Functional earth 42 Functional Earthing Guidelines for Earthing and Grounding in the Cabinet 122 FX receiver 50 G Galvanic Coupling Mechanism Example Size 66 General rules for wiring Discrete I Os 221 General Standard 20 Geometry Influence of line geometry on effective resistance with galvanic coupling 68 Grading zones for lightning protection 107 Grid type grounding system 82 Ground Definition 34 Guidelines for Grounding Unused Conductors 139 Ground Connection Current Distribution by Ground Connections 36 Guidelines for Creating the Ground Connection for Cable Shielding 136 Ground connection 105 Ho
61. 2 Basic elements Precautions to be taken when replacing a PCX 57 processor Important CAUTION Replacing a processor If the PCX 57 processor is being replaced by another processor which is not blank i e the processor has already been programmed and contains an application you must cut the power to all of the PLC station s control units Before restoring power to the control units check that the processor contains the required application Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage Rules for connecting PSY supply modules General points The PSY power supply modules on each rack are equipped with a non removable terminal block protected by a flap which is used to connect the power supply the alarm relay the protection ground and for alternating current supplies the supply of the 24 VDC sensors This screw terminal block is equipped with captive clamp screws which can connect a maximum of 2 wires with a cross sectional area of 1 5mm with wire end ferrules or one wire with a cross sectional area of 2 5mm maximum tightening torque on screw terminal 0 8N m The wires come out vertically towards the bottom These wires can be kept in place with a cable clip 193 Basic elements Illustration This diagram shows the screw terminal block Protection ground Alternating current supply Direct current supply TSX PSY 2600 5500 8
62. 33002439 01 Grounding and Electromagnetic Compatibility of PLC Systems Basic Principles and Measures User Manual September 2004 alee Schneid i d Telemecanique Document Set Document Set Presentation e Quantum Hardware Reference Manual UNY USE 10010 V20E e Premium Hardware Reference Manual UNY USE 20110 V20E Document Set Table of Contents Ky About the Book oscars te eis e ia tae ace eae tee I xx 13 Part Regulations and Standards 15 Overview iussi eben pee ci a Se a Se dr e E eat et 15 Chapter 1 Using Regulations and Standards in the EU 17 OV OIVIOW ERE 17 Harmonized Regulations and Standards in the EU 18 EMG Directives in the EU s xix LEER ahs Went axe aoe 21 Machine Directives in the EU 0 000 c eee 22 Low Voltage Directive 0 0 cee RII 23 How to find EU guidelines and harmonized standards 24 Chapter2 International Standards 000 cece eee eee eee eee 25 OVOIVIBW zs biam and Rap EE E opas dod eid eth coe a dd 25 Role of the Standards 0 000 eee 26 International Standards 00 000 ccc tee 27 Relevant Standards for PLC System Users 0 02000 00 eee eee 28 Part Il Grounding and Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC BaSiCS user es ied er eine eee ER ees 31 OVOIVIGW qc Sn Rath ire ner ione E Anon Go ate or dero dada Mo kon d ddan al
63. 5 supply modules 213 Connection of SUP 1011 1021 power supplies 204 Connection of SUP 1051 power supplies 206 Connection of SUP 1101 power supplies 208 Connection of SUP A02 power supply modules 211 Connector Guidelines for Combining Signals in Cables Conductor Bundles and Connectors 134 Contact Direct and indirect contact 39 Contactor Isolation of Inductances through Partition Panels in the Cabinet 120 Controller circuits with semi conductors 51 Corona 51 Coupling Capacitive Coupling 72 Galvanic Coupling 66 Inductive Coupling 69 Overview of Interference Coupling Mechanisms 64 Overview Influence Model 49 Radiating Coupling 75 Through space radiated 65 Coupling capacitance 74 Coupling inductivity 69 Cover 39 Crossing cables Guidelines 136 D Daisy chaining 100 Danger of Burning 38 Dangerous voltages 39 Data Connection 58 DC Actuators Protective Circuits for 170 DC power supply 52 DC Resistance Influence of the DC resistance with galvanic coupling 67 Device According to the EMC Guideline 21 Device Arrangements Guidelines for Arranging Devices 92 Differential amplifier 83 Differential mode disturbance Filter 87 Differential Mode Interference Definition 59 Differential mode interference 58 Digital signal line Cable ducts in the cabinet 126 Direct contact 39 Discharge as broad band interference sources 51 Discharge lamp 51 335 Index Disturbance Results of Dist
64. 500 TSX PSY 1610 3610 5520 1 24 48VAC for the PSY 5520 supply module CAUTION Positioning the voltage selector For the power supply modules PSY 5500 8500 position the voltage selector according to the voltage power used 110 or 220 VAC Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage Provide a protection device and switchgear upstream of the PLC station When selecting protection devices the user should take into account the signaling currents which are defined in the characteristics tables for each supply module 194 Basic elements Warning Note As direct current supply modules PSY 1610 2610 5520 have a strong signaling current it is not advisable to use them on direct current networks which protect flood back current limits When a power supply module is connected to a direct current network it is mandatory to limit the length of the supply cable in order to prevent transmission loss e PSY 1610 supply module e length limited to 30 meters 60 meters there and back with copper wires and a 2 5mm cross section e length limited to 20 meters 40 meters there and back with copper wires and a 1 5mm cross section e PSY 3610 and PSY 5520 supply modules e length limited to 15 meters 30 meters there and back with copper wires and a 2 5mm cross section e length limited to 10 meters 20 meters there and back with copper wires and a 1 5mm cross section
65. AS i 100 120 200 240 VCA 211 Power Supply Connectionrules Primary observe the rules concerning phase and neutral when wiring DANGER Safety of personnel To ensure the safety of personnel the ground terminal of the module must be connected to the protective earth using a green yellow wire Failure to follow this precaution will result in death serious injury or equipment damage The power supply terminal is protected by a flap which allows access to the wiring terminals The wires come vertically out of the power supply at its base These wires can be kept in place with a cable clip To comply with isolation requirements for a 24 V SELV isolated voltage the following wiring is used e an operating voltage 2 600 VAC with a cross section of 1 5 mm for connection to the mains e an operating voltage 2 300 VAC with a cross section of 2 5 mm for the 24 V outputs and the ground It is necessary to use a shielded cable for the AS i bus only in cases where the installation is subject to very high levels of disturbance in terms of EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility 212 Power Supply Connecting SUP A05 supply modules Illustration Connection diagram Input terminal Output terminal Sel Sel 3 1 Sel Sel 24 VDC 7 A PU Fu 2 200 240 V 100 120 V N N E E T st L 30 V AS i 5 A I Es Connection to C
66. Actuators 171 Suggested Component Values for AC and DC Actuators 172 Grounding Momentum Devices 172 Grounding DIN Rail Terminals and Cabinets 174 Grounding Analog I O Lines 175 165 Momentum Structuring Your Power Supply System Overview Use Separate Power Supply for Outputs Use Star Configuration Avoid Induction Loops Avoid Series Connections Potential Isolated Fieldbus Islands This section contains guidelines for planning and wiring your power supply system Operating voltage and input voltage can be derived from one power supply PS We recommend that the output voltage be drawn from a separate power supply e g 10 A or 25 A referred to as PS1 and PS2 A separate output voltage supply prevents interferences caused by switching processes from affecting the voltage supply to the electronics Where larger output currents are involved provide additional power supplies for the output voltage PS3 Each I O base should be fed by the power supply in star configuration i e separate leads from the power supply to each module CAUTION POTENTIAL FOR SHORT CIRCUITS AND OR POWER UP POWER DOWN SPIKES Provide external fuses on the operating voltage to protect the module Appropriate fuse values are shown in the wiring diagrams An unprotected module may be subject to short circuits and or power up power down spikes Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or
67. C with a cross section of 1 5mm or 2 5mm for connection to the mains DANGER Safety of personnel To ensure the safety of personnel the ground terminal of the module must be connected to the protective earth using a green yellow wire Failure to follow this precaution will result in death serious injury or equipment damage The power supply terminal is protected by a flap which allows access to the wiring terminals The wires come vertically out of the power supply at its base These wires can be kept in place with a cable clip Secondary To comply with isolation requirements for a 24 V SELV isolated voltage the following wiring is used e an operating voltage 2 300 V AC with a cross section of 2 5 mm for the 24 V outputs and the ground e Wire the two 24V terminals in parallel or distribute the load over the two 24V outputs when the total current to be supplied is greater than 5A 210 Power Supply Connection of SUP A02 power supply modules Illustration Connection diagram 1 Shielded AS i cable screen if environment is disturbed 80 VCC AS i 2 4 A Fu External safety fuse on 100 120 200 240 VCA phase Fu 250 V 4A time delay Connection The SUP A02 power supply module is designed to supply the AS i bus and the synoptic connected slaves 30 VDC 2 4A x2 57 IT TSX SAY 100 AS i Master iik ii TSX SUP A02 Bus
68. FAST cables The length of safety system wires can cause a drop in supply voltage related to the current circulating This voltage drop is due to sum of the currents circulating on the 0 VDC feedback path of the electrical circuit It is usual practice to double or triple the 0 VDC wires In order to ensure the correct operation of the safety system reactivation of relays and a correct reading of diagnostic information it is important that the voltage measured between terminals A1 and A2 be greater than 19 2 V Each TELEFAST ABE 7CPA13 terminal accepts bare wires or ones fitted with terminations or spade or eye terminals The capacity of each terminal is e minimum 1 x 0 28 mm wire without termination e maximum 2 x 1 mm wires or 1 x 1 5 mm wire with termination The maximum cross section dimensions for wires on the terminal block are 1x2 5 mm wire without termination 234 Safety Modules Calculation of cable length The resistance of each safety system channel and channel must not exceed 75 Ohms The maximum resistance of the channel between an ES PB or PS and the corresponding input of the module must be lt 6 Q Given the length and cross section of the cable its resistance can be calculated as follows S Equation parameter Parameter Meaning R Cable resistance in Ohms p Resistivity 1 78 x 10 O m for copper l Cable length in m S Cross section in m
69. FAST interfaces using an HE10 connector 228 Safety Modules PAY 2020 eee eee eee eee 231 OVEIVIOW cer booa d ovr sons bt ah out ack Ma Bete us Gt ar dod ahaa a 231 General description of safety modules 0 0 c ee eee eee 232 Wiring precautions 2 seni hee RC ERR P ADM ERR poe 233 Cable dimensions and lengths llle 234 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Counter Modules CTY ccc eee eee eee eee 237 OVGIVIOWi nges da eat aede tede itte lad EMI ET bead ROSE I ed 237 Process for connecting encoder count sensors 0 00e00 eee 238 General rules for implementation llle 239 Connecting the encoder supply 0 0 cee eee 241 Wiring precautions cc ix RR he ns Rogen Oe Be oes AG xD 242 Axis Control Modules CAY ssssssss 245 General precautions for wiring llle 245 Stepper Motor Control Modules CFY 247 Overview os Lp b Dae epe ibi ve ten lotes kino 247 General precautions for wiring llli 248 Wiring precautions uaaa esasan anaran RR RII IIR 248 Electronic Cam Module CCY 1128 251 Overview uve ERREUR I RPG EROR ERU Pa ee a na aad 251 Installation precautions for the CCY 1128 0 200 c eee eee 252 General wiring instructions 0 0 0 0 cee A 253 Selecting and protecting auxiliary power supplies 0 254 Choice o
70. IELDED CABLE ye ee Oe BROwN LNE LOAD RN c GROUND DDKOCOCOCGOCOXOXOXOXCOX BLUE LINE UR RR AP FILTER CASE GND CAUTION European compliance To maintain CE compliance with the European Directive on EMC 89 336 EEC the AC power supplies must be installed in accordance with these instructions Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage 151 Quantum CAUTION Requirements compliance For installations that must meet Closed System requirements as defined in EN 61131 2 without relying upon an external enclosure connector models 140 XTS 00100 and 140 XTS 00500 are required Also if an external Line Filter is used it must be protected by a separate enclosure which meets the finger safe requirements of IEC 529 Class IP20 Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage 152 Quantum Detailed AC The following figure shows the details for the AC powered system for CE Powered System compliance Figure Quantum Backplane 140 XBP XXX 00 BACKPLANE 0 2 3 GND SCREWS AC LINE 4 LEAD D BROWN BROWN BROWN eoe QGeodo Line Filter J GRN YEL N BLUE 5 S sump BLUE 5 Shield GND Lead GROUND CASE TAB EARTH GREEN YELLOW GROUND TO GROUND SCREW ON QUANTUM BACKPLANE Line Brown wire Neutral B
71. MC Basics Causes Common mode interferences have many different causes and are coupled either inductive or capacitive e Inductive coupling if electromagnetic fields are found in the area between the symmetrical wire pair and the ground e The transmitter of a system sends a common mode signal to a neighboring wire pair which is coupled with other pairs as direct axis voltage components e The switching transistor housing is either at operating voltage potential or at zero depending on the clock pulse these voltage jumps are coupled to the heat sink and therefore earth reference plane with capacitance Common mode Normally interference occurs in the form of linear or common mode voltage and only differential then causes an interfering differential mode signal because of insufficient symmetry mode When the impedance of the lines is uneven or if stray capacities are found a conversion common mode differential mode conversion occurs The asymmetrical ratios then create a differential voltage which is then carried with the useful signal As soon as anything asymmetric occurs a coupling of the interference source to the useful load occurs 61 EMC Basics Common Mode Differential Mode Conversion Common mode When the impedance of the lines is uneven or if stray capacitances are found a differential common mode differential mode conversion occurs The asymmetrical ratios then mode create a differential voltage which is
72. Manual Tests required by EC directives Note The devices must be installed and wired according to the directions in the DG KBL manual 185 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics Resistance to climatic variation Resistance to mechanical constraints Data table Test Designation Norms Levels Dry heat IEC60068 2 2 Bd 60 C 16h E O 40 C 16h E F Cold IEC60068 2 1 Ad 0 C 16h Continuous humid heat IEC60068 2 30 Ca 60 C 93 Hr 96h E O 40 C 93 Hr 96h E F Cyclical humid heat IEC60068 2 30 Db 55 C E O 40 C E F 25 C 93 95 Hr 2 cycles 12 o clock 12h o clock Cyclical temperature variations IEC60068 2 14 Nb 0 C 60 C 5 Cycles 6 o clock 6 o clock E O 0 C 40 C 5 Cycles 6 o clock 6 o clock E F Temperature Rise IEC61131 2 UL508 CSA22 2 N 142 Ambient temperature 60 C Legend E O Device open E F Device closed Hr Relative Humidity Data table Test Designation Standards Levels Sinusoidal vibrations IEC60068 2 6 Fc 3 Hz 100 Hz 1 mm amplitude 0 7 Gn Endurance rf 90 min axis Q limit 10 3 Hz 150 Hz 1 5 mm 2 Gn Endurance 10 cycles 1 octave min Half sinus shocks IEC60068 2 27 Ea 15 Gnx 11 ms 3 shocks direct axis Legend rf Resonance Frequency Q Amplification Coefficient
73. Supply 24 VDC max 25A V1 Overvoltage protection circuit OVP 001 OVP 002 The fuses shown in the illustrations below must be selected on the basis of the type and number of the sensors and actuators used 168 Momentum Potential Bundling Potential Isolation In this example the output voltage is drawn from a separate power supply 24 V for internal logic and sensors e 0v ADI 340 00 Input ADM 350 10 16 inputs 16 out ADO 340 00 Output DoOooopooooooooooME ooooosooooooooooee opfoosoooooooooooe npfunannunnnnnnugm ooopoooo0000000000H obooogoodpooooooRs nuumnngnnnunnmunnnwm n 24 V for actuators iT E nu rnmnuunnumnnnnnnwm OV In this example the output voltage is drawn from a separate power supply 24 Vy for internal logic and sensors 0 Vy ADM 390 30 10 inputs 8 out Bunnnannun F pere Ls U2 Voltage for relays 0 Vy 2 8 169 Momentum Protective Circuits for DC Actuators Overview Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Protective Circuit Types Example 1 This section discusses specific cases when inductive loads at output points require additional prote
74. This is illustrated in the following circuit diagram When the Principle diagram 24 VDC Input l E a Output Q The alternating current neutral connection is directly or indirectly linked to the ground input contact is open an alternating current exceeding the cable s interference capacities may generate a current in the input which might cause it to be set to 1 e the line capacity values that must not be exceeded for a 240 VCA 50 Hz line coupling are given in the summary table at the end of this paragraph For a coupling with a different voltage the following formula can be applied Acceptable capacity Capacity at 240 VAC x 240 line voltage e for 24 to 240 VAC inputs and line coupling 222 Discrete I O Modules Principle diagram e Inthis case when the line that controls the input is open the current passes according to the coupling capacity of the cable see circuit diagram below Module Input l e the line capacity values that must not be exceeded are given in the summary table at the end of this paragraph The summary table below shows the acceptable line capacity values Module Maximum coupling capacity 24 VDC inputs DEY 32 DEY 25nF 1 64D2K DEY 16D2 45 nF 1 DEY 16FK DMY 10 nF 1 2 28FK DMY 28RFK 30 nF 1 3 60 nF 1 4 24 to 240 VAC inputs DEY 16A2 50 nF DEY 16A3 60 nF DEY 16A4 70 nF
75. X 00 Wire to the power supply as follows 24 Vdc COM Blue wire 24 Vdc Brown wire GND Note For detailed wiring diagrams refer to the part Power Supply Modules Parts List Callout Vendor or Part Number Description Instruction equivalent 1 Offlex Series 35005 Line Cord Terminate the shield at the 100cy power supply ground terminal 157 Quantum Callout Vendor or Part Number Description Instruction equivalent 2 Sreward 28 BO686 200 Ferrite Bead Install next to the filter and Fairite 2643665702 secure with tie wraps at Both ends of the ferrite bead 125 VDC The following figure shows a 125 VDC powered system for CE compliance Powered System Figure See detailed figure below aes BACKPLANE O 1 SHIELDED CABLE AND H PS l FERRITE BEAD RED i 4125 VDC e NORUNT 125 VDC E ee i 4 COMMON I eo 9 1 i AU EARTH I O GROUND l RET o icc CD CN NGC rcc dna CL cM oe X io DONE ee ee ee ee ee Ep SHIELDED CABLE AND FERRITE BEAD CAUTION damage European compliance To maintain CE compliance with the European Directive on EMC 89 336 EEC and the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC the 140 CPS 511 00 and the 140 CPS 524 00 must be installed in accordance with these instructions Failure to follow this
76. able categories Shielding Use of shields Shield Cables are used to transfer useful signals At the same time they can also be an interference source or pass on disturbance they have received All forms of coupling play a role here Cables used in a system are categorized according to the type of signals they carry The signals EMC performance is the deciding criterion You can roughly allocate cables into three categories or classes in an industrial environment e Sensitive signal e Insensitive signal low interference potential e Signal is an active source of interference Categorization allows cables with different EMC performance can be laid separately from each other There are the following options e Maintain distances between different categories e Shield cables of different categories from each other Shielding is required if susceptible equipment and sources of interference cannot be sufficiently distanced through room rearrangements A shield is a metal component that is placed between the source of interference and the susceptible equipment It influences the distribution between source and the equipment The coupling is minimized this way 84 EMC Measures Shielding types Shielding effectiveness Mutual impedance of different cable shields There are several different types of shield that can be used Cable shield e Chassis as shield e Room shielding e Partition panel as
77. ables when they exist 299 Ethernet Wiring the ground connections and the neutral Linking the ground connections Wiring the neutral When the ground connections are not linked properly a cable bearing a common mode current disturbes all the others including the Transparent Factory electric cables Proper interlinking of ground connections reduces this Good methods for wiring the ground connections and therefore for interlinking them applicable for cabinets and also for machines and buildings are explained in the DG KBL E manual which can be ordered separately Note HF interference conducted in common mode cables is the main problem in EMC The TN C neutral diagram which confuses the neutral conductor marked N which is live with the shielding conductor marked PE allows strong currents to pass through the ground connections The TN C neutral diagram is therefore harmful to the magnetic environment The TN S neutral diagram with or without shielding from residual differential current is much better Note However local safety regulations must always be scrupulously observed 300 Ethernet Choice of Transparent Factory electric wiring Screened cables Ring cables The choice of screen quality depends on the type of connection SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC defines the cables for each field bus and each local network in order to ensure the installation s electromagnetic co
78. against equipotential bonding and overvoltage protection The following guidelines should be observed for lightning and overvoltage protection e The system should be divided into lightning protection zones with staggered protective measures see table below e All conductive parts that enter a zone should be connected to one another and with equipotential bonding strip at the edges of the individual zones e The shielding for the zones should also be connected to these strips e In addition a connection to equipotential bonding strips to higher and lower priority protection zones Note All lines going in and out of the system to be protected must be connected to the earthing system directly via spark gaps or protective devices lightning arrestors In the event of a lightning strike the potential of the system struck increases temporarily but no dangerous potential difference occurs within the system 106 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Dividing the system into lightning protection zones with staggered protective measures is done as follows Definition Measures All objects are exposed to a direct lightning strike External lightning protection via surge arresters and down leads to the earthing system The objects are not exposed to direct lightning strikes the magnetic field dampened depending on the shielding present Building shield steel reinforcement Lightning prot
79. age Presentation 296 Earth and ground connections 297 Differential Mode and Common Mode 299 Wiring the ground connections and the neutral 300 Choice of Transparent Factory electric wiring 301 Sensitivity of the different families of cables 302 295 Ethernet Presentation Description Principles You have to take some precautions before installing a Transparent Factory system The following explains which cabling to choose why and how to install it to obtain entire satisfaction e Equipment complying with industrial standards electromagnetic compatibility or EMC works well independently e Precautions must be taken when equipment is connected so that it works in its electromagnetic environment depending on its destination Exclusive use of Transparent Factory insulated optical fiber cables is the way to get over any EMC problems on these links Note EEC labeling must be used in Europe This labelling does not guarantee the actual performance of the systems with regard to CEM 296 Ethernet Earth and ground connections Introduction Description An earthing network carries leakage current and fault current from equipment common mode current from external cables electricity and telecoms mainly and direct lightning currents into the earth Physically weak resistance relative to a distant earth does not concern us as much as the local equipotentiality of the buil
80. al reference signal ground measurement ground 0 V reference conductor ground 34 Grounding Common ground examples Reference conductor reference conductor systems Common ground examples Metallic structural elements of a building framework piping etc Motor housing Metal cabinets unpainted floor plates on housings Metallic cable ducts Transformer housing machine bed plate Yellow green wire PE PEN for grounding The reference conductor for an electronic operation is the reference potential It is connected with the common ground The reference conductor system makes a galvanized connection of all 0 Volt wires that are required in the current loop of the electrical equipment No voltage differences may exist between the various points of the electronic reference plane otherwise unintended signal voltages can occur Normally several circuits are operated on a common reference conductor system for the exchange of necessary signals Terms used as synonyms for Reference Conductor systems Neutral system 35 Grounding Ground Connections in TT TN and IT Alternating Current Systems Distribution systems IEC 60364 Ground connections in our alternating current systems single phase three phase rotary current systems these systems can be put into three separate categories System name Type of ground connection to the energy source first character Type of ground connec
81. and Grounding in the Cabinet 122 Pulse Frequency spectrum of an interference pulse 56 R Radar 50 Radiated interference Sources of radiated interference 52 Radiating Coupling Mechanism Size 75 340 Index Radiation Radiation hazards 38 Radio Transmitter 75 Radio transmitter 50 Rate of change 56 Receiver 50 Reference Conductor System Galvanic Coupling via Common Reference Conductor System 66 Reflection 76 Regulations 15 Harmonized Regulations and Standards in the EU 18 RF surgery 52 Rise time 56 RS422 58 Rules for connecting to PSY supply modules 193 Rules for implementation 239 S S type Point to point grounding system 81 Safety Highest Safety Requirements 96 Safety Equipment According to the Machine Directive 22 Safety extra low voltage 41 Secure partition between circuits 39 Self inductance Influence of line inductivity with galvanic coupling 67 SELV Safety extra low voltage 41 Semiconductor multiplexer 52 Semi conductors Controller circuits with semi conductors as sources of interference 51 Sensor cable Sensor cable outside islands 101 Sensors Connection between sensors and electronics 58 Service 42 Shielded Cable Using Shielded Cables 135 Shielding All around contact for the ground connection 124 Basics 84 Cable shield ground connections 138 Double shielding 86 Driven shield 86 of sensors and actuator cables outside of islands 101 Shie
82. applied with a dangerous voltage as a result of a fault failure in the basic insulation for example Note The protective earth is clearly separate from the functional earth The functional earth is not for safety it is a functional component it is used as a reference voltage or for rerouting interference current for example The precision of the connection to the ground potential depends on the electrical equipment the components and the type of current distribution TT TN IT system Some important standard principles for protective earth are e The cross section of the protective ground wire must correspond with the maximum expected leakage current e Electrical connections must correspond with the loads that are possible in practical operation e The protective ground must also be guaranteed operational during service and maintenance work e The protective earth overrides the functional earth It may not e g be used to disabled to improve the electromagnetic compatibility Note IEC 60364 5 54 contains requirements for the earth system and protective grounding conductors 42 Grounding Protective earth for PLCs Programmable Logic Controllers and their peripherals that belong to protective class have a protective earth connection There are two ways of connecting to the earth system e The protective conductor is found in the power supply wire directly from the electric supply mains e
83. arallel d Distance of the lines from one another D Line diameter Realistic example values for coupling capacitance Cy with a line diameter of d 1 mm e Tightly packed cable Cy up to 100 pF m e Cable spacing 10 cm C approx 5 pF m Note Starting with a distance of D 20 cm Cy only decreases minimally 74 EMC Basics Radiating Coupling Mechanism Size of the interference When system components are excited by electromagnetic waves having wave lengths of the measurements of these components energy is radiated and is transferred across the electromagnetic field to the receivers Antennas which can be made of loops dipoles or single ground lines act as susceptible equipment Well known sources of interference are e Insufficiently shielded high frequency devices e Radio and television e Fluorescent lamps e walkie talkies cellular telephones The intensity of the excitement and radiation depends on the ratio between measurement and wave length The amount of received voltage can be estimated at Up Eo X hag Character definitions Character Meaning Uo Received voltage in the susceptible equipment Eg Electrical field strength at the receiver Nett Effective antenna height Note e The radiating coupling becomes interesting with interference signal frequencies of 30 MHz and higher e The interference is at its strongest if the length of the Antennas are a
84. cal and is used to optimize installation conditions and must be observed at the same time as the previous limit The theoretical EMC length is 400 meters for Transparent Factory 309 Ethernet Separating the cables according to their type Except when it is not possible two metal ducts will be used e one reserved for power relays and variators e the other for signal cables sensors data telecoms These two ducts can be in contact if they are shorter than 30 m From 30 to 100 m they shall be spaced 10 cm apart either side by side or one above the other Example of installation with 2 ducts Power cable Non shielded digital cables cables TF Ethernet cables Shielded analog cables All these particular limits come from the same EMC Theoretical Length or ETL To reach this ETL it is assumed that the following two optimum conditions have been fulfilled e asecond duct at least 30 cm away is reserved for power and relay cables e the ducts are not filled to more than 50 of their capacity 310 Ethernet Ki Coefficient Depending on the type of communication network this value can be different e Everytime one of both conditions is not fulfilled from end to end and in order to observe electromagnetic compatibility a coefficient must be assigned to the physical duct length These Ki coefficients defined in the table below measure the decrease of the protective effect The resultin
85. can receive bare wires or wires with terminations or spade terminals The capacity of each terminal is e minimum 1 x 0 2 mm wire AWG 24 without termination e maximum 1 x 2 mm wire without termination or 1 x 1 5 mm with termination Illustration of the termination and the spade terminal 5 5 mm i E I I 1 5 5 mm maximum The maximum capacity of the terminal block is 16 x 1 mm wires AWG 4 x 1 5 mm wires AWG Screw clamps come with slots for the following types of screwdriver e Pozidriv No 1 e 5 mm diameter flat head Screw connection terminal blocks feature captive screws On the supplied blocks these screws are not tightened Note The maximum torque setting for tightening connection terminal block screws is 0 8 N m Note Screw terminal blocks must be engaged or disengaged with sensor and pre actuator voltage switched off 227 Discrete I O Modules The diagram below shows the method for opening the screw terminal block door Ways of connecting discrete I O modules connecting modules to TELEFAST interfaces using an HE10 connector At a Glance Connecting discrete input output modules to TELEFAST interfaces for connecting and adapting fast wiring HE10 connectors is done with the aid of e a 28 gage multi stranded sheathed cable 0 08
86. connected to the power supply Proceed as follows to create the technical specifications for the power supply Step Action 1 Categorize the potential upstream circuit disturbance characteristics strength frequency 2 Catalog the different devices to be powered as well as the types of disturbance created by them that can affect the functioning of the system Assess the effects of the disturbance on the system Evaluate the effects are the consequences bearable The evaluation of the effects of disturbances is then used to create the technical specifications for the power supply This enables you to determine required properties of the electrical power supply to be installed 116 Power Supply Guidelines for the Power Supply General guidelines Example Solution for the power supply The following guidelines should be observed regarding the power supply e A surge limiter must be installed at the junction where the flex enters the building e Disturbances to the mains power are dampened by industrial line filters installed at the entrance to the system e Sensitive devices are protected by surge limiters and surge arresters at the input feed e Transformers can also be used as filters For high frequency disturbances the transformer must be equipped with single or preferably double shielding The following illustration shows an example of filtering the mains power by
87. ctive circuits directly on the actuator and provides two examples or protective circuitry When there are contacted circuit elements e g for safety interlocks in the output conductors When the leads are very long Where inductive actuators are operated via relay contacts of the I O base To extend contact life and for EMC considerations In all three cases the protective circuit may be a clamping diode a varistor or an RC combination An example of a protective circuit for inductive DC actuators is illustrated below E Load A O O O 0 O S v g A K1 Contact e g for safety interlocks V1 Clamping diode as the protective circuit 170 Momentum Example 2 Another example of a protective circuit for inductive DC actuators is illustrated below iH bis fee l 9 v2 v FA Pic Load V2 Clamping diode as the protective circuit See Suggested Component Values for AC and DC Actuators p 172 Protective Circuits for AC Actuators Overview To reduce noise potentials and for EMC considerations you may need to equip the inductive actuators with varistors or noise suppressors e g anti interference capacitors at the point of interference Example An example of a pr
88. ctive resistance of conductors which shows up as interference voltage This causes a carrier flow on the line capacity that shows up as interference current To simplify matters an interference pulse can be considered as a rectangular pulse form This can be calculated as a sum of sinus functions To recreate this pulse more precisely i e the more slope that is defined for a pulse edge the more frequent the required voltages must be 56 EMC Basics 4 2 Overlapping of Interference and Useful Signals on Wires Overview Introduction What s in this Section The structure of electrical circuits is important to the way that an interference signal disrupts the useful signals and how well that the interference signal can be separated from the useful signal This section explains the terms symmetric and asymmetric electrical circuits and the common mode interference and the differential mode interference as the principal types of overlaying of interference and useful signals in electrical circuits These basics are required in order to understand the EMC measures for balancing circuits This section contains the following topics Topic Page Symmetrically and Asymmetrically Operated Circuits 58 Differential Mode Interference 59 Common Mode Interference 60 Common Mode Differential Mode Conversion 62 57 EMC Basics Symmetrically and Asymmetrically Operated Circui
89. ctor System in the Cabinet 125 Guidelines for Cabling in the Cabinet llle 126 Guidelines for Materials and Lighting in the Cabinet 127 Guidelines for Installing Filters in the Cabinet 2 005 128 Chapter 10 Part IV Chapter 11 Part V Chapter 12 Cabling codici eU E Mod st doe aera iu iS 131 el E e Ay e e A a E A A E 131 Classification of Signals according to their EMC Performance 132 Guidelines for Selecting Cables 1 0 0 0 cece eee 133 Guidelines for Combining Signals in Cables Conductor Bundles and CONNECTOTS oi Sie Seas puc E aes Bs ee eet aes 2 134 Guidelines for Laying Cables in Parallel and Crossing Cables 135 Guidelines for Creating the Ground Connection for Cable Shielding 136 Guidelines for Grounding Unused Conductors saesae eee 139 Guidelines for Installing Cables 0 0 2 eee ee 139 Guidelines for Cable Ducts 0 0 cece tees 141 Guidelines for Cables between Buildings 0 0 00 eee eee eee 144 Quantum Family 00 200 e ee eee eee 145 OVGEIVIOW eode oboe ak dena een oU eR ER 145 Quantum Family 2 2 0 2 eee 147 Overview esce wal ed waar mne Peat ace Te UEM Ted p Te Pagal 147 Batteries as DC power supplies llle 148 General Information 0 0 0 0 ccc 149 AC Power and Grounding Considerations 0 00 e eee eee 150 DC Power and Grounding C
90. ctron torches Guidelines for Arranging Devices Arrange devices in zones of differing disturbance climates PLC system Process Zones of differing disturbances climates must be defined within the plant in which devices are arranged according to their sensitivity or potential for interference These include fundamentally different zones e Process e Control system e Data processing with computer work stations Separation of the PLC system is enabled by being installed in cabinets or on machine chassis The guidelines for cabinet setups can be found in Guidelines for Arranging the Device in the Cabinet or a Machine p 120 The processing plant with interfering components forms its own zone Sensitive cables and devices for process data acquisition and control that are always in this zone must be shielded Strong interference affects high current equipment above all through their magnetic fields such as e High current equipment in energy supply company systems Melting in chemical plants Transformers Energy distribution from manufacturing plants 92 Measures for the Entire System Computer work stations Computer work stations should be placed in separate shielded rooms that are equipped with close mesh equipotential bonding in the floor see Guidelines for the Grounding System in Buildings p 98 In reality it is often necessary to install computer work stations near the production line Mon
91. currents from direct lightning strikes to earth e Discharge induced currents from atmospheric discharges between two points of a power transmission line to earth EMC Peiner te System EMC performance Guidelines for use grounding TT Conditionally suitable ELCB for personnel safety is system Between the ground connection of the required primary distribution network and the e Surge arresters should be installed leakage current from the electrical distributed over power System that are caused by ground transmission lines faults within the system As with This type of network requires transient currents potential difference corresponding measures for occurs due to the leakage current from devices with high leakage current devices These transient currents can potential that are located behind the lead to faulty couplings or even faults ELCB in the outgoing direction within the system A corrective measure here is a equipotential bonding conductor between the devices connected directly to earth These measures basically convert the TT system into a TN S system TN C Bad Ensure an unobstructed path for TN C S Because the functions and protective the PEN conductor when earth conductor are combined in TN C expanding the system and TN C S systems current Because of the high current in the feedback occurs on the PEN PEN conductor this system is not conductors during normal operation permitted in areas of
92. d machines in which PLC systems are used It explains the purpose for the standards and their role in relation to the regulations You will also find concrete references to relevant standards This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page Role of the Standards 26 International Standards 27 Relevant Standards for PLC System Users 28 25 Standards Role of the Standards Importance of the standards Standards and the law What is standardization The components of a PLC system are produced and tested as well as certified or authorized according to the respective regulations and standards for the country where they are being used Not only the manufacturer but also the user of PLC systems must be aware of the regulations and standards The automated system in which the components of the PLC system are installed is also subject to regulations To meet the regulations the use of standards is helpful and essential as they reflect the current state of technology Note Standards can often provide security concerning product liability but they are not legal standards Standardization organizations are not liable for the suitability of the standards This is tested by the responsible designer through hazard analysis according to machine directives Standardization guarantees uniformity of materials and immaterial things for public use and is carried out according to a p
93. delines for Grounding Unused Conductors 139 Guidelines for Installing Filters in the Cabinet 128 Guidelines for Materials and Lighting in the Cabinet 127 Guidelines for the Reference Conductor System in the Cabinet 125 Partitioning in two cabinets of different interference levels 122 Cable Arranging cables in cable ducts 141 Guidelines for Cables between Buildings 144 Guidelines for Combining Signals in Cables Conductor Bundles and Connectors 134 Guidelines for Laying Cables in Parallel and Crossing Cables 135 Guidelines for Selecting Cables 133 Installing cables 139 Principle of cable categories 84 Using Shielded Cables 135 Working clearance between cables 135 Cable Duct 69 Cable duct Cable ducts in the cabinet 126 Cable Ducts Guidelines for Cable Ducts 141 Cable entrance Guidelines for installing cables in the cabinet 126 Cable Shield Interference Current Dissipation of Cable Shields 126 Cable shield Cable shield ground connections 138 How to create a ground connection for cable shields 113 Cable shields Mutual impedance of cable shields 85 Cable spacing Influence of the distance between cables on the induced voltage 71 Cable tray 142 Cables between Buildings Guidelines for Cables between Buildings 144 Cabling Cabling Arrangements 84 Guidelines for Cabling in the Cabinet 126 Capacitive Coupling Mechanism Size 72 Capacitive coupling Coupling a common mode interference 61 Capacitive resi
94. dic interference consists of sinus formed signals External sinus formed interference interference sources are radio and television transmitters and radiotelephony In industrial applications periodic interference is caused by alternating and rotating current components power converters fluorescent lamps combinational circuit components and PCs They create continuous distortion in supply voltage voltage fluctuation voltage drops and dissymmetry in rotary current supplies Periodical interference A A 53 EMC Basics Non periodic interferences transients Non periodic interferences are short interfering pulses Transients The characteristics of these transients are the rate of change voltage dU dt and current di dt fluctuations In industrial networks shut off overvoltage can reach as high as 10 kV with rise time in the nsec to sec range and frequencies up to 100 MHz The voltage increase speeds of these feared bursts lie between 2 and 5 kV nsec with a pulse duration of 100 nsec to 1 msec Transient pulses are noticed especially in digital systems since they can disrupt functionality by setting or clearing memory locations flags and registers Transients and bursts are normally caused by arc charges or switching functions in the following procedures e Normal switching and commutation events with high and low voltage switching devices mainly through mechanical contacts e Short circuits
95. ding In fact the most sensitive lines are those that connect equipments together In order to restrict the circulation of common mode currents on cables which do not leave the building it is necessary to restrict the voltage between interconnected equipments within the site A mechanical ground is any hardware conducting part which is exposed which is not normally live but which could be in case of a failure CAUTION Simultaneous accessibility of 2 mechanical grounds Two mechanical connections which are simultaneously accessible must have a lower contact voltage U than the conventional limit contact voltage 25 or 50 V depending on the case Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage 297 Ethernet Principle Basically nothing else has any effect on people s safety in particular the earthing resistance or the method of connecting the mechanical grounds to the earth E AN E Equipments and electronic systems are interconnected The best way to ensure that everything works properly is to maintain good equipotentiality between equipments Besides the safety of the personnel which is a LF Low Frequency constraint equipotentiality between equipments must be satisfactory especially for digital equipments even at very high frequencies CAUTION Safety regulations In case of dispute safety regulations take precedence over EMC constraints If t
96. duct specific guidelines installation instructions and information about grounding and EMC for Interbus components It contains the same information as the documentation provided with the products What s in this This chapter contains the following topics 5 Chapter Topic Page Momentum Communication Adapter Ground Screw Installation 286 Central Shielding Measures for the INTERBUS 288 Overvoltage Protection for Remote Bus Lines Lightning protection 289 285 Interbus Momentum Communication Adapter Ground Screw Installation Overview Momentum I O Modules Recently revised to meet new Interbus standards for electrical noise immunity select Momentum products have been updated with an additional ground screw This second ground screw is being added to all new and upgraded Momentum products Currently three communication adapters have been updated They are e Momentum Interbus Communication Adapter 170 INT 110 03 which supports the diagnostic functions of a Generation 4 Interbus Master and is compliant with Interbus certification version 2 e Momentum Ethernet Communication Adapter 170 ENT 110 01 version 2 e Momentum FIP IO Communication Adapter 170 FNT 110 01 version 5 These communication adapters contain a new grounding system which was originally required to meet the revised Interbus electrical noise immunity standard ability to pass a 2 2kv electrical fast transient burst test This grounding sys
97. dule inputs Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage 24 VDC encoder Encoders with a supply voltage of 24 VDC are recommended for the following supply reasons e the supply source does not need to be completely accurate As a general rule these encoders use a supply format of 10 30 V e anon line voltage fall is of little significance due to a substantial distance between the module and the encoder Ground In order to ensure correct operation during interference it is vital connection e to choose an encoder with a metal casing that is referenced to the protective continuity ground of the connected device e that the ground connection is continuous between e the encoder e the shielding of the connector cable e the module 256 Electronic Cam Module Connecting the encoder supply to the CCY 1128 Introduction The encoder supply can be connected e either by using a TELEFAST ABE 7H16R20 cable interface which is then connected to the module using a CDP 3 cable e or directly using a CDP 01 pre wired strand Process diagram The diagram below shows the process for connecting the encoder supply for connecting e At 24 VDC for an encoder with a 10 30 VDC supply format the encoder e andat 5 VDC for an encoder with a 5 VDC supply supply to the TELEFAST interface TSX CCY 1128 TSX CDP 3 cable
98. e indicates the system components and devices in a system with equipotential bonding Main switching cabinet Quantum Substation 1 Substation n with DP master FE PE rail Q PROFIBUS DP cable Rer sect Oe ru LL L 275 Profibus Grounding and Shielding for Systems without Equipotential Bonding Principle Note Basically grounding and shielding is to be carried out the same as for systems with equipotential bonding If this is not possible because of system or construction specific reasons however distributed ground with a capacitive coupling of high frequency interference signals Procedures Overview This representation shows distributed grounding with capacitive coupling Main switching cabinet Quantum Substation 1 with DP master Oo FE PE rail PROFIBUS DP cable Capacitive by pass terminal GND 001 Substation n 276 Profibus Distributed Grounding with Capacitive Coupling This table shows you the steps in setting up distributed grounding with capacitive coupling Step Action Comments 1 Galvanically ground the shielding only to the end of the bus cable and with as much surface area as possible to the central cabinet Run the bus cable from there to the last bus node without any other ground connections S
99. e kept in place with a cable clip Secondary to comply with isolation requirements for a 24 V SELV isolated voltage the following wiring is used e an operating voltage 300 V AC with a cross section of 2 5mm for the 24 V outputs and the ground e connect the two 24V terminals in parallel or distribute the load over the two 24V outputs when the total current to be provided is greater than 5A Using a shielded cable for the AS i bus is only necessary if the installation is overly disrupted in terms of EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility Given the large current that this supply module provides its position on the bus is very important If the supply module is placed at one of the ends of the bus it will provide a nominal current e g 5A for the whole bus The fall in voltage at the end of the bus is therefore proportional to the 5A If itis positioned in the middle of the bus the voltage drop at the ends is proportional to only 2 5A assuming that the consumption for both sections of the bus is the same 215 Power Supply Supply AS i 2 5A 25A lt If there is no slave which consumes large amounts of power it would be better to place the supply module in the middle of the installation Conversely if the installation has one or several large power consumers it would be wise to place the supply module close
100. e of coupling mechanisms the influential parameters and the proper basic solutions is necessary for understanding and selecting the proper EMC measures in an industrial application This section contains the following topics Topic Page Interference Coupling Mechanisms 64 Galvanic Coupling 66 Inductive Coupling 69 Capacitive Coupling 72 Radiating Coupling 75 Wave Influence 76 Which measures for which type of coupling 77 63 EMC Basics Interference Coupling Mechanisms Overview Methods of transfer Size Wave lengths Small Wave lengths To put the proper EMC measures to use during planning and in service you need to know types effects and methods of transfer of the coupled interference This is the only way to effectively combat the problems Generally the physical laws of energy transfer in electromagnetic fields apply for the coupling The interference can be transferred along a conductive wire guided or through space unguided radiated Interferences are normally found together as line guided and radiated interference and are coupled to inputs outputs the power supply and data lines If the wave lengths of the interference variables are greater that the characteristic measurements of the source and receiver the transfer mechanisms for electrical and magnetic fields are monitored separately e Galvanic coupling with common impedances on the in
101. e safety requirements priority over EMC if the requirements are conflicting 96 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Configuration The illustration shows an overview of how earthing grounding and lightning example protection systems can be implemented in a building while taking EMC into consideration Lightning conductor Vertical Earthing Metal straps Grounding strip buried 2 Crows foot Principle of an earthing network 97 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Guidelines for the Grounding System in Buildings Grounding systems for expanded systems Guidelines for a building grounding system We differentiate between a main grounding system that incorporates the entire plant and the local equipotential bonding for expanded systems e Main system grounding system Grounding system that incorporates the entire building e Local grounding system Grounding system on the local level device machine cabinet EMC guidelines must be followed for the main grounding system in an expanded system within a building e Each floor must have an earth plane as well as a surrounding grounding strip This includes the following welded steel mats in the concrete bed hollow floors with copper wire grids etc e The distance between earth conductors must be greater than the following values e P
102. e system must not be impaired e High contact resistance with the ground connection must be avoided by taking the following measures e Galvanized mounting plates and fixing components must be used e Remove painted or coatings from contact points and protect from corrosion with electrically conductive special grease e Bolt on metal pieces directly without additional electrical conductors e g cable ducts e Daisy chaining of earth busbars and welded or bolted on grounding strips instead of flexible grounding cables Install earth Daisy chaining of earth busbars and welded or bolted on grounding strips instead busbars of flexible grounding cables grounding strips NS Earth busbar Better SS L lt i m strip d EN PE PEN 9 L Yellow green equipment T grounding conductor l C 109 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Example Use grounding strips instead of a flexible earth cable for the connection between the Cabinet door cabinet door and the cabinet housing Flexible earth cable USS NN d NYI Grounding strip EN tT 110 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Remove all Remove painted or coatings from contact points and protect from corrosion with coatings electrically conductive special grease Create metallic contact Painting Painting 111 Ground
103. ection zones Zone 0 1 2 and additional zones The objects are not exposed to direct lightning strikes the magnetic field is better dampened dissipated currents are reduced further Room shield using steel mash mat Device shield metal housing Lightning conductor 1 If necessary additional zones with further reduced currents and electromagnetic fields must be installed The following illustration shows an example of the division of a building into lightning protection zones Exterior Ligh Building shield stee Room shield stee ning protection reinforcement reinforcement Lightning protection zone 0 outside Lightning protection zone 2 Ligh Device tning protection zone Device shield metal housing Surge deflector Cable Foundation ground Lightning conductor 107 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing for Systems between Buildings Problems that arise with systems that encompass more than one building Guidelines for grounding and earthing between buildings A system is not always accommodated within one building but can stretch across two or more buildings This means there are power and or signal cables going from one building to another If both buildings have independent grou
104. eighboring poles of power supply devices of higher current levels or circuits with high capacity can cause arcing or sparking of hot metal particles and result in burns Even low voltage circuits can be dangerous in this way Protection is achieved by separation or safety devices A burn can be caused by temperatures that are the result of overloads component failures insulation damage or loose connections or those with high transition resistance The protective measures concern prevention of burns the selection of materials regarding inflammability measures for limiting the spreading of burns etc Other indirect dangers e Dangers of heat Danger of injury caused by touching hot components e Dangers of radiation Hazardous radiation e g noise high frequency radiation infrared radiation visible and coherent light of high intensity ultraviolet and ionizing radiation etc e Chemical hazards Danger of contact with dangerous chemical materials 38 Grounding Electric Shock Dangerous voltages Causes Preventative measures against direct contact Preventative measures for indirect contact Causes and preventative measures The following voltages can be dangerous e A C voltage with a peak value of 42 4 V and higher e D C voltage of 60 V and higher If a person touches a component that is under dangerous voltage it can cause electric shock This contact is divided into two categories
105. ence voltage caused by the inductive coupling depends on the coupling inductivity Mk between the two conductors and the current change time di dt on the power line di Us Mk X t 69 EMC Basics Coupling Coupling inductivity My is determined by the circuit arrangement The coupling is at inductivity Mx its largest if the circuits lie tight together as with a standard transformer d 2 5 1 h 2 m Me 7 1 0 01 1 10 100 hd 1 Circuit 1 2 Circuit 2 h Distance between the outgoing and return lines of the circuit loop or between signal lines and the ground plate d Distance between the circuit loops cable spacing Distance that the lines run in parallel Realistic example values for the coupling inductivity e Tightly packed cable h 2 mm d 4 mm My 80 nH m e Cable spacing 10 cm h 2 mm d 100 mm My 1 5 nH m 70 EMC Basics Example Cable spacing influence The following calculation example for inductive coupling of two electric circuits shows the influence that cable spacing has on the amount of induced interference voltage Increasing the space between cables from 4 mm tightly packed cable to 10 cm reduces the induced voltage in the disturbed circuit by 98 percent e Parallel cable length 1 100m e Switching current in power cable I 100A e Duration of the current surge t 10pus The induced voltage i
106. ences double sided cable shielding ground connection e Ifthe signal line is long in addition to double ground connections along the cable length further ground connections at intervals from 10 15 m 136 Cabling Long lines For long shielded lines several ground connections at intervals of 10 15 m along the length of the cable are recommended Earth re plane L 10 in d Earth busbar A with link to chassis 137 Cabling Characteristics of the connection methods The shielding ground connection is very important for the shielding effectiveness The following ground connection options have differing effectiveness Cable shield ground connection Effectiveness and advantages Restrictions Ground connection on both ends of the cable Extremely effective e Very effective against external disturbances high and low frequency Very good shielding effectiveness also against resonance frequency on the cable No potential difference between cable and ground Enables common laying of cables that feed different class signals Very good suppression of high frequency disturbances Ground fault current can be induced in high frequency signals with high interference field strength for long cables 250 m Ground connection on only one end of the cable Average shielding effectiveness Enables protection of isolated lines instrument transf
107. entical 201 Basic elements 202 Power Supply for the Process and AS i SUP 19 Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This section contains guidelines and information for the configuration and installation of the power supply for the Process and AS i Bus with regard to grounding and EMC This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page Connection of SUP 1011 1021 power supplies 204 Connection of SUP 1051 power supplies 206 Connection of SUP 1101 power supplies 208 Connection of SUP A02 power supply modules 211 Connecting SUP A05 supply modules 213 General precautions 217 203 Power Supply Connection of SUP 1011 1021 power supplies Illustration Connection diagram Normal connection Parallelization Module 1 E 24V ov Fu 1 J Module 2 24V 24 V 24V 1A 0V IF z re Fu External safety fuse on phase Fu 250 V 4A time delay 1 100 240VAC on TSX SUP 1011 100 120 200 240VAC on TSX SUP 1021 2 125 VDC only on TSX SUP 1011 204 Power Supply Connection rules Primary if the module is supplied with a 100 240V AC power supply it is necessary to observe wiring requirements for the phase and neutral when connecting the module However if the module is powered by a 125 VDC supply it is not necessary to respect the polarities e an operating voltage
108. erating temperature hygrometry altitude Data table Ambient temperature when operative 0 C to 60 C IEC 1131 2 5 C to 455 C Relative humidity 10 to 95 without condensation Altitude 0 to 2000 meters Power supply Data table voltages Voltage nominal 24 VDC 48 VDC 100 to 240VAC 100 120 200 240 VAC limit 19 to 30 VDC 19 60VDC 1 90to 264 VAC 90 to 140 190 to 264VAC Frequency nominal 3 50 60 Hz 50 60 Hz limit E 47 63 Hz 47 63 Hz Brown outs duration lt us 1us lt 1 2 period lt 1 2 period repetition 21s 21s 21s 21s Harmonic rate 7 7 10 10 Residual ripple 5 5 included 1 Possible up to 34 VDC limited to 1 hour every 24 hours For PSY 1610 and PSY 3610 power supplies and when using relay output modules this scope is reduced to 21 6V 26 4V 181 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics Human and material safety Data table Test Designation Norms Levels Dielectric rigidity and IEC 61131 2 24 48 V Power supply 1500 Vrms Isolation resistance UL 508 100 220 V Power supply 2000 Vrms CSA 22 2 N 42 lt 48V Discrete I Os 500 Vrms IEC 60950 gt 48V Discrete I Os 2000 Vrms gt 10MQ Maintaining ground IEC 61131 2 0 10 30A 2 min connections UL 508 CSA 22 2 N 142 Leakage Current CSA 22 2 N 142 IEC 60950 lt 3 5 mA fixed device Enclosures for protection
109. es fitted with Sub D connectors TSX AEY 16 8 420 and TSX ASY 800 As the number of channels is important a minimum of a 13 twisted pair cable with a general shield external diameter 15 mm maximum will be used fitted with a 25 pin Sub D male connector for the direct link to the module Connect the cable shield to the cover of the Sub D male connector The connection to the PLC ground is therefore done using the tightening screws of the Sub D connector For this reason the Sub D male connector must be screwed onto its female base Grouping into multi pair cables is possible for signals of the same type and which have the same reference in relation to the ground Keep the measurement wires as far as possible from the discrete input output cables particularly relay outputs and the cables which transmit power signals 263 Analog Modules Reference for To ensure correct operation of the acquisition device the following precautions are sensors in recommended relation to the e the sensors must be close to each other a few meters ground e all the sensors are referenced to the same point which is linked to the module ground Use of sensors The sensors are connected according to the following diagram referenced in Input channel 0 D relation to the res Input channel O j ground 4 I Shielding restart Ls E Input channel 1 Input channel 1 j
110. es of Interference 00 c eee eee 92 Guidelines for Arranging Devices 0 cee en 92 Protection against Electrostatic Discharge 0 cee eee eee 93 Grounding Earthing and Lightning Protection System 95 OI fe i Sor choles OF ht near eee tg Ge PTR a aye bea bya TRON bose one anes 95 Combination of Earthing Grounding and Lightning Protection and Highest Safety Requirements 000020 cece eee eee 96 Guidelines for the Grounding System in Buildings 04 98 Guidelines for Local Grounding for Devices and Machines 100 Guidelines for Installing an Island Grounding System 101 Guidelines for the Earthing System and Grounding System 103 Guidelines for Lightning and Overvoltage Protection 106 Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing for Systems between Buildings 108 Guidelines for Creating Ground Connections lille 109 Power SUDDply zs usce ctaint eet ees RID RR ECL REOR 115 OVetVIOW c aie Ve E RT RU Ea eae HUE WERTE E ote 115 How to Plan the Power Supply Plant 0 0 00 e eee eee ee eee 116 Guidelines for the Power Supply sasssa isses 117 Cabinets and Machines 2 0 e eee eee eee 119 CU MEER 119 Guidelines for Arranging the Device in the Cabinet or a Machine 120 Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing in the Cabinet 122 Guidelines for the Reference Condu
111. esistance RO D C resistance Note The effective resistance and therefore the influence of high frequency interference currents can be reduced by using broader conductor surface area 68 EMC Basics Inductive Coupling Mechanism Size of the interference Inductive coupling or sometimes known as transformer coupling is a coupling via the magnetic field This occurs between lines running parallel to one another Current changes in a wire cause a fluctuation in the magnetic field The resulting magnetic field lines affect parallel running wires and induce an interference voltage there A current now flows which overrides the useful signal as an interference signal Inductive coupling is caused in parallel running lines in cables wire harnesses and cable ducts Well known sources of interference are e Conductors and electrical equipment with high and fluctuating operational and interfering currents short circuit currents e Lightning discharge currents e Capacity switching e Welding current generators The following circuit diagram shows the construction of inductive coupling Current changes in circuit 1 which are caused by switching large loads or those that are caused by a short circuit are producing a fluctuation in the magnetic field Circuit 1 Mk Round A4 vy EN f 4 vy Jor dada ad Ts d ATA o o Circuit 2 L4 The interfer
112. existing systems but only with a maximum run length of 3m 141 Cabling Recommended cable ducts The following cable ducts are recommended Steel conduit Steel cable duct a Trunking 142 Cabling Underground channel closed Zo oe LL mom cable channel LSS closed form e Underground channel open or ventilated LEES ES nderground cable channel CER x 5 or ventilated gt 143 Cabling Guidelines for Cables between Buildings Problems that can arise with outside cables Guidelines for outside cables Recommended for data transfer between buildings If signal cables are laid outside of buildings the following points should be noted e A potential difference can exist between buildings that can created an error during transfer e Cables between buildings can carry a higher current in the event of a sudden increase in the potential of a building due to a lightning strike For cables that are laid outside of buildings the following guidelines should be observed e Shielded cables must be used e The shield must be capable of carrying the current and must be grounded at both ends If the shield cannot carry the current a relieving line can be installed directly next to the signal cable for current dissipation The relieving line should have a cross section of approximately 35 mm e Analog signal
113. f encoders for the CCY 1128 0 eee eee 255 Connecting the encoder supply to the CCY 1128 257 Wiring rules and precautions specific to the TELEFAST 259 Analog Modules AEY ASY 0 0c e ee eee eee eee 263 Cabling precautions on analog modules 02 0000 cece eee 263 Weighing Module ISPY100 101 265 OVOI VIG WA Soria aean ett ia ede dme Uh dani hrec Td E edna tue 265 Recommendations on how to install a measurement system 266 Cabling precautions on the weighing module lees 268 Connection of the weighing module discrete outputs 269 10 Part VII Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 26 1 26 2 26 3 26 4 NeIWOFKS c ds date o enon lox le xe et wee eae Vale 271 OVerVieW uius Puy ae VT RA P ue Pr b ROTER 271 pnr EE 273 Overviews i eines hee ee eh eg od e od aot eto nd 273 Witness Pee x adv ets LIEU eoe DP De peer iae bane aan 274 Grounding and Shielding for Systems with Equipotential Bonding 275 Grounding and Shielding for Systems without Equipotential Bonding 276 Surge Protection for Bus Leads lightning protection 278 Static Discharge in Long PROFIBUS DP Cables 281 Capacitive By Pass Terminal GND 001 20022000 0 282 Interbus reece See ere a an E e AE See eae OPS Soe cadets 285 COVEIVICW iin ts book sec pots s
114. fluential electrical circuits source and receiver e Inductive coupling with the common magnetic field of source and receiver low pass field coupling e Capacitive coupling with the electrical field between the source and receiver low pass field coupling If the wave lengths of the interference are the same or are less than the characteristic measurements of the source and receiver a coupling over the electromagnetic field must be monitored The following influential mechanisms play a part e Wave influence with wave activity on lines e Radiated coupling through space 64 EMC Basics Coupling mechanisms Interference coupling occurs via the following mechanisms Wave length greater than he characteristic measurement Magnitude of the wave length is equal to or smaller than the characteristic measurements Galvanic coupling Wave influences Inductive coupling Radiation coupling Capacitive coupling connected Radiated 65 EMC Basics Galvanic Coupling Mechanism Example Galvanic coupling is a line guided coupling This phenomenon occurs if shared line sections belong to different circuits With every change in current in one of the circuits a voltage change is made on the common line so that the circuits influence each other Galvanic coupling typically occurs on the following circuits e
115. g Signals in Cables Conductor Bundles and 134 Connectors Guidelines for Laying Cables in Parallel and Crossing Cables 135 Guidelines for Creating the Ground Connection for Cable Shielding 136 Guidelines for Grounding Unused Conductors 139 Guidelines for Installing Cables 139 Guidelines for Cable Ducts 141 Guidelines for Cables between Buildings 144 131 Cabling Classification of Signals according to their EMC Performance Reasons for the classification rules In an industrial environment signals are classified in four categories according to their EMC performance This classification is required for the application of cabling Classification of The following table shows the classification of signals according to their EMC signals performance Classification EMC Example of a circuit or device with cables in performance this class Class 1 Signal is very Low level circuits with analog output Sensitive sensitive instrument transformer Measuring circuit probes instrument transformer Class 2 Signal is Low level digital circuits bus Slightly sensitive sensitive e Low level circuits with digital output Can disturb class 1 cables instrument transformer Control circuit for resistive load Low level d c power supplies Class 3 Slightly interfering Signal disturbs class 1 and 2 cables Control circuit for inductive loads relay contactor
116. g and unplugging the connectors on the front panel of the module and when adjusting its fixing screws and the SUB D 15 pin connector The module can be installed or removed without cutting the supply to the rack The design of the module allows this action to be carried out with the power on in order to ensure the availability of the device It is not recommended that you plug in or unplug the connectors located at the front panel of the module when the sensor pre sensor supply is switched on Reasons e the encoders will not tolerate a simultaneous start up or outage of the signals and supplies e The track outputs can become damaged if they are in state 1 and connected to an inductive supply In order to ensure good electrical contact between the devices and by doing so create effective resistance to electrostatic and electromagnetic interference e the fixing screws on the module and the SUB D 15 pin connector must be correctly screwed in e tightening on the module s fixing screw 2 0 N m e tightening on the SUB D 15 pin connector s fixing screw 0 5 N m e The HE10 connectors must be correctly locked 252 Electronic Cam Module General wiring instructions Introduction In order to guarantee that the automatism operates correctly it is necessary to respect some basic rules Section of wires Must be of sufficient size to avoid on line voltage falls and overheating used Cable path The encoder
117. g authorized length will then be less than the ETL e Similarly in the case of a single duct for power and signal cables the coefficient will take into account the lack of a metal separation or metal covering on the signal half duct Summary table Symbol Condition Illustration Coefficient Total length 1 Ki ETL x 1 Ki K50 Single duct filled to 50 2 200 m or more K10 Ducts 10 cm apart 2 200 m instead of 30 cm A a K6 Single duct or 2 4 100 m contiguous ducts with separation and cover on Ee the signal half duct K8 Single duct or 2 6 60m contiguous ducts without cover on the signal half a duct KO Single duct or 2 12 30m contiguous ducts without separation CI eX 1 Maximum total length if it s the unique condition against with ETL 400m 311 Ethernet Verification modes of the length of a homogeneous cable Introduction There are two ways of using the Ki coefficients e To obtain the authorized physical length you take the ETL and divide it by Ki examples 1 and 2 below e On the contrary when particular physical lengths are imposed necessary multiply them by Ki and compare the result with the ETL to check that you are compliant with the EMC requirements examples 3 4 and 5 Example 1 Wiring can then be done in a single metal run for ETL 400 m or more Transparent If the duct is not filled to more than 50 bear in mind future developments
118. gnal pairs can be tight together in one bundle The relay variator supply and power circuits shall be separated from the pairs above Take special care when setting up the variable speed controllers to separate the power connections from the data connections Everytime it is possible a duct should be reserved for power connections even in the cabinets Third wiring rule Principle The power cables do not need to be shielded if they are filtered Thus the power outputs of the variable speed controllers must be either shielded or filtered 305 Ethernet 26 3 Using the cable runs Basics Introduction What s in this Section This chapter describes the basics about cable runs installation This section contains the following topics Topic Page Basics on how to use cable runs 307 Verification modes of the length of a homogeneous cable 312 Verification mode of a the length of a heterogeneous cable 314 Other protective effects 315 306 Ethernet Basics on how to use cable runs Metal cable runs Outside the cabinets beyond a distance of 3 m the ducts must be metal These cable runs must have electrical continuity from end to end via fish plates or foils It is very important to set up connections using fish plates or foils rather than using a braid or even a round conductor These cable runs must be connected in the same way to the cabinet and machine c
119. harge Observe the following guidelines to avoid damage to operating equipment e Use conductive flooring with a contact resistance between 10 and 109 Ohm e Do not treat smooth surfaces with wax use anti static cleaning products instead e Spray carpets with anti static conditioners e Increase the relative humidity using a humidifier or air conditioning to a value above 50 93 Measures for the Entire System 94 Grounding Earthing and Lightning Protection System Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This sections contains guidelines for the configuration of grounding earthing and lightning protection systems in a plant in which PLC systems are used This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page Combination of Earthing Grounding and Lightning Protection and Highest 96 Safety Requirements Guidelines for the Grounding System in Buildings 98 Guidelines for Local Grounding for Devices and Machines 100 Guidelines for Installing an Island Grounding System 101 Guidelines for the Earthing System and Grounding System 103 Guidelines for Lightning and Overvoltage Protection 106 Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing for Systems between Buildings 108 Guidelines for Creating Ground Connections 109 95 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Combination of Earthing Grounding and Lightning Protection and Highest Safety Requireme
120. he Grounding System in Buildings 98 Guidelines for the Reference Conductor System in the Cabinet 125 H Harmonic wave 59 Harmonized European Standards 19 Harmonizing Document 20 Hazards of Electrical Current 38 HD 384 4 41 28 HD Harmonizing Document 20 Heat Heat hazards 38 Heating Line Guidelines for Earthing and Grounding in the Cabinet 122 HF generator 50 High current equipment 92 High Frequency Device 75 Highly Frequent Signals 76 Housing 39 Untreated housing cover as source of interference 52 IEC 27 IEC 60204 28 40 IEC 60364 36 IEC 60364 4 41 28 40 IEC 60364 5 54 42 IEC 60439 28 IEC 61131 28 IEC 61131 2 41 43 IEC 61140 40 41 IEC 62103 28 40 IEC 950 28 Indirect contact 39 Inductances Isolation of Inductances through Partition Panels in the Cabinet 120 Inductive Coupling Mechanism Example Size 69 Inductive coupling Coupling common mode interferences 61 Solution for transposition 83 Inductive resistance Influence on the inductive resistance 56 Inductivity Inductivities 72 Influence of line inductivity with galvanic coupling 67 Influence of Interference Principles 49 Influential Mechanisms Overview of Interference Coupling Mechanisms 64 Input impedance 83 Installation Guidelines for installing a ground connection in the cabinet 124 Installing cables 139 Insulation 39 42 Doubled reinforced insulation 39 Interference Types of Interference 53
121. he following rules e Install a functional ground equipotential bonding rail e Install the protection equipment near the functional ground to keep surge current path as short as possible Keep the lead to the functional ground as short as possible min 6 mm e The maximum lead length depends on the transfer rate e Attransfer rates up to 500 kBaud you can configure a maximum of 4 outdoor segments with 8 pairs of protection devices CT B110 and CT MD HF5 e Attransfer rates of 1 MBaud or higher you may only configure one outdoor segment with 2 pairs of protection devices e Do not confuse the IN and OUT ends of the lightning arrestor IN outdoor end e Make certain that you Shield grounding with protection devices p 280 according to the type of lightning arrestor CT B110 or CT MD HF5 that is used 278 Profibus Protection Protection device connection plan device Structure 1 Structure 2 connection plan Z ZA Bus node Bus node Cpe Switching cabinet 2 EX Y Outdoor Switching cabinet Type and number of lightning conductors made by the firm Dehn und S hne GmbH amp Co KG suitable for a PROFIBUS DP cable No Model Number per group 1 CTMD HF5 2 2 CT B110 2 Note Information about assembly and connection of the cables can be found in the relevant installation instructi
122. he same direction on both branches of the circuit and is returned on the earth reference plane When the reference ground wire is not connected well the interfering current caused by the common mode interference can be transmitted to other signal lines that are connected on the same device 58 EMC Basics Differential Mode Interference Differential mode interference Causes A differential mode interference is caused if an interfering voltage is coupled into one branch of a circuit only A potential difference is then caused between the outgoing and return wires Causes are currents in the outward and return conductors to the earth reference plane in opposite directions The interfering circuit closes exclusively with a galvanic connection Circuit diagrams for a symmetrically and an asymmetrically operated electrical circuit with differential mode interference Differential mode interference in a symmetrically operated electrical circuit Differential mode interference in an TO Uy Us e Uy Us asymmetrically operated electrical circuit IN Character definitions Character Meaning Un Wanted Voltage Us Interference voltage Z Impedance e g in measurement device Common mode interferences have many different causes and are coupled either inductive or capacitive e Switching frequency and the re
123. hen power is switched on Introduction Note when extracting inserting modules with the power on the terminal block or HE10 connector must be disconnected You must also take care to shut off the sensor preactuator supply if this is over 48V Installing a Carry out the following steps r r processo Step Action Illustration module onto a rack 1 Place the pins at the back of the module into the centering holes on the lower part of the rack number 1 see diagram 1 2 Swivel the module to bring it into contact with the rack number 2 it 1 id WS ly CEN 3 Fix the processor module to the rack by tightening the screw on the upper part of the module number 3 Note the mounting of processor modules is identical to the mounting of other modules Note Maximum tightening torque 2 0N m 191 Basic elements CAUTION Install with power off A processor module must always be mounted with the rack power supply switched off Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage Grounding Processor modules are grounded using metal plates at the rear of the module When modules the module is in place these metal plates are in contact with the metal of the rack This ensures the link with the ground connection Illustration Ground connection contacts 19
124. here is a difference between the recommendations of this manual and the instructions of a particular piece of equipment the equipment instructions take precedence Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage 298 Ethernet Differential Mode and Common Mode Differential Mode Differential mode is the normal way of transmitting electric and electronic signals The Transparent Factory data in electric form are transmitted in differential mode The current is propagated on one conductor and returned on the other conductor The differential voltage is measured between the conductors When the one way and return conductors are side by side as in Transparent Factory cables and far away from disturbing currents the differential mode disturbance is usually not significant Differential Mode IDM IDM UDM 97777377777777777777777777777777777777777 Common Mode Common mode is an interference mode where the current is propagated in the same direction on all the conductors and returns via the mechanical ground Common Mode ICM ICM UCM A mechanical ground a conducting frame for instance serves as a potential reference for the electronics and as a return for common mode currents Any current even a strong one coming in one cable in common mode into a unit which is insulated from the ground connections comes out through the other cables including Transparent Factory c
125. hielding for all bus nodes should be ground capacitive only This is done with e g the GND 001 terminal connection This is achieve at least one discharge route for high frequency interference Note A transient current cannot flow without a galvanic connection Refer to the Connection Example p 282 and the Making Shielding Connections p 283 in the instructions for the corresponding device 277 Profibus Surge Protection for Bus Leads lightning protection Surge Protection for Bus Leads up to 12 Mbps Signals Connection rules for protection devices To protect transmission systems from extraneous surges lightning the PROFIBUS DP lead should be equipped with suitable surge protection equipment once it extends outside a building The nominal discharge current should in this case be at least 5 kA The following lightning arrestors e g type CT MD HF5 and type CT B110 from Dehn und S hne GmbH amp Co KG may be used Addresses and order numbers for these devices can be found in the appendix under For adequate protection of a PROFIBUS DP cable two sets of protection equipment are required for each building The first set of protection devices type B110 located where the cable enters the building works as a lightning conductor the second type MD HF5 located near the first device works as a surge protection device Before connection of the protection devices please observe t
126. hine 50 Wire cross section 42 Wire Harness 69 Wiring Single wire 58 Wiring techniques for balancing circuits 83 Wiring arrangement 83 Wiring precautions 242 248 Working clearance Recommended working clearance between cables 135 343 Index 344
127. ic Page 4 1 Results Causes and Types of Disturbance 47 4 2 Overlapping of Interference and Useful Signals on Wires 57 4 3 Interference Coupling 63 45 EMC Basics 46 EMC Basics 4 1 Results Causes and Types of Disturbance Overview Introduction What s in this Section Electromagnetic disturbance in industrial applications can affect operation to various degrees From acceptable operational influences right up to damaged system components The causes of these disturbances lie either within the system or outside of it and can be classified according to various criteria The disturbances themselves can vary and are also classified according to different criteria This section is concerned with the results causes and types of disturbance It can mainly be used for understanding the terminology and for classification and is therefore required for a complete understanding of the other sections of the document This section contains the following topics Topic Page Results of Disturbance to an Industrial Application 48 Principles of Interference Influence Influence Model 49 Sources of Interference 50 Interference Variables and Interference Signals 53 Effective Parameters 56 47 EMC Basics Results of Disturbance to an Industrial Application Degree of effect Other examples The effects of undesired voltage and current in industrial application
128. ical fibers Choosing the optical cables Schneider Electric supplies Transparent Factory equipments with optical ports modules hubs and switches What all those equipments have in common is that it is used to connect silica multimode fibers Each optical connection needs two fibers From one end to the other these fibers must be 62 5 125 type and specified to allow communication on wavelengths 850 nm and 1300 nm The cable must include a minimal amount and maximal quality of fibers as described in the previous paragraph Furthermore it can contain other fibers or electrical conductors Its protection must be compatible with the installation conditions Fitting the optical patches Definition The optical strings necessary to connect the Control Intranet modules hubs and switches are supplied in 5 meter lengths with the options of suitable optical connectors MT RJ SC duplex optical patch 490NOC00005 MT RJ ST duplex optical patch 490NOT00005 321 Ethernet MT RJ MT RJ optical patch 490NOR00005 Two important precautions must be taken by the installer and the user e 1 Do not bend these stringss the minimum radius is 10 cm e 2 Pull or twist the cable and its connectors as less as possible On the other hand there is no minimum distance to be observed between an optical cable and any cable or equipment which could interfere with it Special cases of strong ionizing rays is not the
129. if possible double connections of 0 V supply to the modules Connection using a CDP 301 501 pre wired strand TSX CFY 11 21 on white pink 7 white gray white green 3 24 V white yellow 15 RL nd RL ray brown ovog z Wi 18 gray pink brown 0VDC user connection terminal block 250 Electronic Cam Module CCY 1128 21 Overview Introduction This section contains guidelines and information for the configuration and installation of the Premium hardware electronic cam module CCY 1128 with regard to grounding and EMC What s in this This chapter contains the following topics Chapter Topic Page Installation precautions for the CCY 1128 252 General wiring instructions 253 Selecting and protecting auxiliary power supplies 254 Choice of encoders for the CCY 1128 255 Connecting the encoder supply to the CCY 1128 257 Wiring rules and precautions specific to the TELEFAST 259 251 Electronic Cam Module Installation precautions for the CCY 1128 Installation Installing and removing the module Plugging and unplugging the connectors on the front panel of the module Adjusting the screws and locking the HE10 connectors in place In order to guarantee good working order it is necessary to take certain precautions during its installation and removal when pluggin
130. ille 59 Common Mode Interference llle 60 Common Mode Differential Mode Conversion 0 0 0c eee eee eee 62 Interference Coupling lisse 63 OVGIVIOW 7 ve iot exce E ep Veebrenx PREVEDE 63 Interference Coupling Mechanisms l l eene 64 Galvanic GoUplitig cn netto ae tette acte oe aec a rp ace d ahs 66 Inductive Coupling keisri ori E RII 69 Capacitive Coupling ee ieee be ee ee ee E ee ae 72 Radiating Coupling 2 0 llle III 75 Wave Influence s eisi eue pta ee te C a wha oh pede 76 Which measures for which type of coupling llle 77 Basic EMC Measures 0 0c cece eee ee eee 79 O Chu ERE I 79 EMC Measures for Grounding Systems 000 e eee eee een 80 EMC Compatible Wiring 0 00 cee tees 83 Balancing Circuits occorre Ee eek EY ans oaths hae pudet eor pce anak 83 Transposition i sise unera ees eed Aw eb Oya b ce YR Ea dae Pada 83 Room Arrangements 060 eee ee eee ee 84 Cabling Arrangements n 84 ohielding teme xe hv E eee Re S ax ed 84 Filtering ur etr rRehie etur Rr PERPE 86 Part Ill Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Earth and EMC Measures in Automation Systems System GuidelineS 000 cece eee 89 OVOlVIe WW cft uda eta thie o bie eer erred ea ard 89 Measures for the Entire System Lss 91 OVOIVIOW puteo QUU E O Duel IP RU Sos AA IRE ORE TRA ACE fend S 91 Measures to take at Sourc
131. ilt into the TELEFAST is 10 30VDC size 1A type fast blow fusion The encoder supply voltage is SVDC Provide a series fuse Fu for the positive supply calibre to be determined by the user dependent upon the TELEFAST and encoder consumption type fast blow fusion 5 VDC encodel l TELEFAST If the encoder supply voltage decreases by more than 15 the default EPSR signal is sent back to the module If the encoder does not have a return supply do the following If Then No return encoder Connect the positive and negative EPSR of the TELEFAST supply the positive EPSR terminal of the TELEFAST to the positive terminal of the encoder supply the negative EPSR terminal of the TELEFAST to the negative terminal of the encoder supply 262 Analog Modules AEY ASY 22 Cabling precautions on analog modules At a Glance Kind of conductors Cable shielding Association of connectors in cables Cable routing To protect the signal from external noises induced in serial mode and from noises in common mode you are advised to take the following precautions Use shielded twisted pairs of a minimum section of 0 28 mm AWG24 gage e For modules fitted with a screw terminal block TSX AEY 414 and TSX ASY 410 Link the cable shields at each end to the shield recovery terminals grounding terminals e For modul
132. ing Earthing Lightning Protection Direct bonding by bolted fastening for metallic parts Bolt on metal pieces directly without additional electrical conductors e g cable ducts 112 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Ground The following illustration shows how to create a ground connection for cable shields connection for cable shields Acceptable Good Excellent Earth plane plate in the cabinet Cabinet LILLE Note The ground connection for cable shields must always run through the entire cable 113 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection 114 Power Supply Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This sections contains guidelines for the configuration and layout of the power supply for a system in which PLC systems are used This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page How to Plan the Power Supply Plant 116 Guidelines for the Power Supply 117 115 Power Supply How to Plan the Power Supply Plant Potential disturbances in the power supply network Procedure for meeting technical specifications The power supply network can itself be the source of continuous and intermittent interference Disturbances in the power supply can already be present in open networks at the entry to the system Further disturbances can be introduced by devices in the system that are
133. inking to the encoder determined by the connector on the encoder in use normally a female 12 pin DIN connector e astandard male 15 pin SUB D connector to connect to the female 15 pin SUB D connector on the CTY 2A 4A 2C module This connector is available under reference CAP S15 e acable e with twisted pairs gauge 26 and shielding for an incremental encoder with standard RS 422 line transmitter outputs or an absolute encoder e multi conductor gauge 24 with shielding for an incremental encoder with Totem Pole outputs The type of cable shielding should be braid and foil The cables should be completely supported to ensure the braid and foil is connected to the ground connection of each connector Connection of the cable to the two connectors can vary according to the type of encoder supply 5 VDC or 10 30 VDC and the type of outputs RS 422 Totem Pole By way of an example certain types of connection are described in the following pages 238 Counter Modules General rules for implementation Installation General wiring instructions Connecting or disconnecting the standard 15 pin SUB D connectors of the CTY 2A 4A 2C modules to from the encoder and sensor supplies present is not recommended as this may damage the encoder Some encoders cannot withstand sudden and simultaneous signal and supply power ups or outages Wire sections Use wires of a satisfactory section to avoid drops in voltage mai
134. ion CISPR publications mainly contain definitions for test procedures and limit values for radio disturbances for electrical and electronic products 27 Standards Relevant Standards for PLC System Users Introduction The following standards are a selection of the most important European and international standards which are relevant for PLC system users Product Standards Note Standards can often provide security concerning product liability but they are not legal standards Standardization organizations are not liable for the suitability of the standards Only the regulations in each individual country are binding The following European and international standards define safety and EMC requirements for PLC system users The selection has been purposefully kept small and mainly contains product standards Within each individual standard you will find a list of other standards which refer to certain products and may be valid for your application EN No Corresponding IEC No Title EN 61131 4 IEC 61131 4 Programmable logic controllers part 4 Guidelines for users EN 50178 IEC 62103 Electronic equipment for use in power installations EN 60439 1 IEC 60439 1 Low voltage switching device combinations EN 60950 IEC 950 Safety of IT equipment 28 Standards General standards The following European and international standards define safety and EMC requ
135. ion scheme Lightning arrester down lead B Underground meshed earthing system with reinforcement at foot of the down lead System ground connection connected to the equipotential bonding strip to which the PE conductor or PEN conductor are connected in turn D Earthing system for a system section with integral metallic structures or additional ground connections E E Interconnection between the lightning arrester down lead and the earthing system as well as other metal structures in the vicinity Note A single specifically laid ground connection is required for every electrical System and is in itself sufficient 105 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Guidelines for Lightning and Overvoltage Protection Definition External and internal lightning protection Guidelines for lightning protection We can make a differentiation between external and internal lightning protection for a building containing an electrical system e External lightning protection External lightning protection is the installation of air terminations that discharge the lightning current to the earth via a suitable earthing system e Internal lightning protection overvoltage protection Internal lightning protection comprises measures taken against the effects of the lightning strike and its electrical and magnetic fields on metal installations and electrical systems This means primarily the measures taken
136. ion eA mE Ee tet ati dee kno m rando coe e dra ant 285 Momentum Communication Adapter Ground Screw Installation 286 Central Shielding Measures for the INTERBUS 288 Overvoltage Protection for Remote Bus Lines Lightning protection 289 Ethernet v ell DI IIo 293 Qverview ecs erres r eko yea UR bI Res UR re dr e RR dea 293 B asic TuleS oen R SURE EE ERR e n oe Rete ER RO RA P 295 Rules and precautions 0 0 0 0 cee eee eee 295 Presentation os eo Salen eka LEE NES EEG E nk 296 Earth and ground connections ssassn aaea 297 Differential Mode and Common Mode cece eee eee 299 Wiring the ground connections and the neutral else 300 Choice of Transparent Factory electric wiring llle 301 Sensitivity of the different families of cables 02020005 302 Wiring regulations iux I eee Ve REM eee e 303 Rules to follow by the fitter 0 BR 303 Fifst wiring rule vested Ak pet aya nd Rea Oa he ee b Ea eren 304 Second wiring rule 2 2 0 0 eee teenies 305 Thitd witing rule ence ee ee ee a ae ee a ee T a 305 Using the cable runs seg eR eT meet ox DR ose aC Ede 306 CHI IM EK c e ET 306 Basics on how to use cable runs llle 307 Verification modes of the length of a homogeneous cable 312 Verification mode of a the length of a heterogeneous cable 314 Other protective effects llle eee 315 Inter building lI
137. ipment power originates In systems with multiple power feeds the grounding should proceed in the same manner as single feed systems However a zero volt potential difference must be maintained between the equipment grounding conductors of the separate systems to prevent current flow on communication cables AC Power and Grounding Considerations AC Powered Systems Figure FUSE ACL The following figure shows the AC powered systems e AX AC POWER SOURCE ACN e 9 o o 4 a Ue ACL SOND AC POWER GROU BACKPLANES SCREWS SOURCE AC N FUSE e w EQUIPMENT l CHASSIS GROUND A EQUIPMENT oF CHASSIS GROUND E ACL GROUND SCREWS AC POWER SOURCE ACN Note AC N should be earth grounded If itis not earth grounded it must be fused refer to local codes 150 Quantum AC Powered The following figure shows a AC powered systems for CE compliance System for CE Compliance REDUNDANT SUMMABLE Detailed illustration will follow POWER SUPPLY BACKPLANE SHIELDED CABLE SHIELDED O O psg ANE FERRITE BEAR CABLE PS lc TO VO vo VO j PS LINE LOAD or or or or RED AC ACL po Pik c c c c i an al V BLUE OJ O 0O O POWER gAC N Li ile LINE MIM MIMI eN SOURCE E 7 FILTER MIMIMIM L GROUND j GREEN YELLOW e Saeed d X555 rX O Ug HY eee MM SHIELDED lt k X CABLE al SH
138. irements which do not refer to certain products and may be valid for your application EN No Corresponding IEC No Title HD 384 4 41 IEC 60364 4 41 Electrical Installations of Buildings Part 4 Safety measures Chapter 41 Protection against electrical shock EN 61140 IEC 61140 Protection against electric shock Common requirements for systems and equipment EN 60204 1 IEC 60204 1 Safety of machines electrical equipment of machines EN 50310 Use of measures for equipotential bonding and grounding in buildings with IT equipment EN 50174 1 IT installation of communication cabling part 1 Specifications and quality assurance DIN EN 50174 2 IT installation of communication cabling part 2 Installation planning and practices in buildings 29 Standards 30 Grounding and Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC Basics l Overview Introduction What s in this Part This section contains basic knowledge concerning the subject area of this manual Grounding and Electromagnetic Compatibility This section consists of terms definitions and explanations of physical combinations that will be required in understanding some of the measures that will be introduced in subsequent sections Planning regulations can be found in Earth and EMC Measures in Automation Systems System Guidelines p 89 and Product Specific Grounding and EMC Measures Guidelines
139. itors near high current equipment can have such large problems with interference that work is no longer possible with them If the magnetic fields present exceed the values recommended for monitor use counter measures must be taken such as e Increase the distance from the source of the interference e Shielding of the source of interference e Use of plasma monitors e Shielding of monitor screens Protection against Electrostatic Discharge How electrostatic charge and discharge works Guidelines for protection against electrostatic discharges Computers central control and operating devices are often installed in rooms with insulated flooring Dry weather and low relative humidity lead to high electrostatic charge on the operating personnel that can lead to damaging discharges on devices e f you wear rubber soled shoes when walking across an insulated carpet of another material synthetics an overcharge occurs on the soles of the shoes because two different insulated materials separate from each other e Since the human body can be considered as conductive an influence charge accumulates on the human body through the charged shoe soles i e positive and negative charge carriers are separated This charge accumulates with every step e f metal objects or devices are now contacted a discharge spark with a powerful current pulse is created whereby the discharged energy is proportional to the square of the electrostatic c
140. l housing at several points that is integrated with the systems ground connection All electrical components filters etc are bolted directly to this earth reference plane or rail All cables are fixed straight through this earth reference plane rail The all around contact of the cable shield is created using locknuts that are bolted straight through the earth reference plane rail All these electrical connections should be made with utmost care to achieve a low resistance connection 124 Cabinet Guidelines for the Reference Conductor System in the Cabinet Reference conductor system Example Reference conductor system The cabinet contains different reference conductor systems that are connected to one another e An unpainted earth reference plane must be installed on the floor of the cabinet as the common reference potential e The reference conductor system for the following areas must be separated from one another e Analog part with point to point arranged reference conductors e Digital part with meshed reference conductors e Power circuit usually with point to point arranged reference conductors e The galvanic coupling for the reference conductor system must be minimized Example of partitioning the reference conductor system and its galvanic isolation Analog part l 1 Conventional reference potential point to point Digital part Meshed conventional reference potential Back up capacitor
141. l installation up to 30 m The longer the distance for the parallel cabling the greater the working distance to be selected g 25cm gt f K gt 10 20 cm gt FIN 210 20 cm gt i E 3 I N amp amp 1 1 1 1 o o o a o Earth reference K gt 50 cm gt plane K gt 50 cm gt K 1m gt 135 Cabling Guidelines for Cables that carry different class signals must cross at right angles crossing cables Guidelines for Creating the Ground Connection for Cable Shielding Guidelines for selecting the method of connection Note Always avoid cable shielding without a ground connection This type of connection is practically useless from an EMC point of view and cannot be permitted for safety reasons if contact protection is not provided The table shows how the cable shield should be connected to ground depending on the application Application Cable shield ground connection Shielded analog measuring circuit in the e Ground connections are usually found on cabinet one side of the cabinet outlet Both ends of the cable shielding ground for extreme levels of disturbance Shielded analog measuring circuits outside e If only capacitive electrical interference is of cabinets in closed buildings to be reckoned with single cable shielding ground connection e Ifthe signal line is setup with high frequency influ
142. l short circuits on the cable e polarity inversions of the supplies e inversion of 5 V supplies lt gt 10 30 V e 10 30 V short circuit on the CLOCK signal of the serial link The module cannot tolerate them for very long time it should therefore have very fast blow fuses The fuses should therefore be rapid and of 1A caliber maximum Supplies should have a limitation current such that the blow of the fuse can be correctly executed Wiring precautions General The 10 I1 and I3 inputs are rapid inputs which should be connected to the sensor using either a twisted wire if it is a dry contact or using shielded cables if it is a 2 or 3 wire proximity sensor The module integrates basic protection against short circuits or voltage inversions However the module cannot remain operational for long with an error You must therefore ensure that the fuses in series with the supply carry out their protective function These are 1A maximum non delay fuses the supply energy must be sufficient to ensure their fusion 242 Counter Modules Important note The actuator connected to the QO output has its shared point at 0 V of the supply If wiring of QO for any reason poor contact or accidental unplugging there is a 0 V outage of the static outputs output amplifier supply when the 0 V of the actuators remains connected to the 0 V supply there may be enough mA output current from the amplifier to keep low power actuat
143. lan by interested parties in the community In addition to company standards national and international standards are also created Standardization serves the following purposes e Promotes rationalization and quality assurance for trade technology and management e Improves safety of personnel and material e Improves quality in all areas of life 26 Standards International Standards International standards ISO IEC CISPR In many areas especially electro technical engineering there are standards which are valid all over the world The result of these worldwide efforts are 10 000 international standards which are used directly or can be added to the individual national standards These international standards are defined by international standardization organizations 90 countries work together through their national standardization institute in the International Standards Organization ISO A well known example of ISO s work are the international standards for quality assurance systems ISO 9000 to 9004 The International Electro technical Commission IEC is responsible for electro technical standards In this area there is nearly 100 agreement with the European harmonized standards which is also evident in the fact that the numbering also matches CISPR is the International Special Committee on Radio Interference The goal of CISPR publications and recommendations is to protect radio transmiss
144. lations e For machines IEC 60204 Safety of machines electrical equipment of machines 40 Grounding Classes of Protection for Electrical Equipment Classes of Protection Protective Class 0 Protective Class Protective Class Il Protective Class Ill SELV Electrical equipment is divided in protection classes 0 I and IIl These classes of protection are defined by the method in which the protection against electric shock is achieved IEC 61140 Programmable Logic Controllers and their peripherals must correspond with protective classes Il or IIl according to IEC 61131 2 Electrical equipment for which the protection against dangerous body currents only contacts the basic insulation belongs to protective class 0 This means that no medium for connecting conductive components to the protective conductor ground conductor is provided in the permanent wiring of the system If the basic insulation fails then the surrounding environment is trusted Electrical equipment for which the protection against dangerous body currents does not only contact the basic insulation belongs to protective class An additional contact for connecting conductive components to the protective conductor ground conductor is provided in the permanent wiring of the system Components that can be touched are voltage free if the basic insulation fails in this case Electrical equipment for which the protection agains
145. lay outputs and the cables which transmit power signals Avoid e parallel routing maintain a distance of at least 20 cm between the cables e and cross them at right angles Note The measurement input is grounded via the module 268 Weighing Module Connection of the weighing module discrete outputs General Characteristics of the discrete outputs Weighing module discrete outputs are used to trigger actions on threshold crossing This functionality is used in the filling machine application Discrete outputs are connected using a screw terminal block S0 Discrete Out0 j Charge S1 Discrete Out 3 Charge Common Common Fu The common 2 and 3 are linked by the card The following table shows the characteristics of the discrete outputs of the module TSX ISP Y100 101 Discrete output Characteristics Number of channels 2 Type A transistors Response time 1 ms discrimination The point where the threshold between two measurements is crossed is calculated by millisecond interpolation Nominal supply voltage 24 V Insulation voltage 1500 Veff Maximum current 500 mA Protection Polarity and short circuit inversion Provide a fuse on the pre actuators 24 V 269 Weighing Module Protection The outputs are galvanically protected by
146. lds How to create a ground connection for cable shields 113 Interference Current Dissipation of Cable Shields 126 Short Circuit 69 Signal line Cable ducts in the cabinet 126 Signals Classification of Signals according to their EMC Performance 132 Single Power Supply Configuration 168 Single wire 58 Skin effect Influence of the skin effect with galvanic coupling 67 Sound receiver 50 Source of interference Natural and technical sources of interference 50 Sources of radiated interference 52 Sources of Interference Classification 50 Definition 49 Sources of interference Broad band interference sources examples 51 Examples of narrow band sources of interference 50 Sources of conducted disturbance 51 Standardization Definition 26 Standards 15 Harmonized European Standards 19 Harmonized Regulations and Standards 341 Index in the EU 18 International Standards 27 Role of the Standards 26 Selection of the Relevant Standards for PLC System Users 28 Static Electricity 93 Steel cable duct 142 Steel conduit Cable duct 142 Steel trays Cable ducts 142 Structuring Power Supply System 166 Suggested Component Values for AC and DC Actuators 172 Supply Network Galvanic Coupling via the Power Supply 66 Supply voltage Supply voltage interference 55 Surgery Radio frequency surgery as a source of radiated interference 52 Susceptible Equipment Definition 49 Switching inductivities 72 Switchi
147. led with a Communications Adapter or a Processor Adapter and possibly an Option Adapter The PE of the adapters is electrically connected with the PE of the I O base you do not have to provide any further grounding of the adapter Follow these guidelines e Be sure you establish good ground contacts e Connect the grounding screw to protective earth PE for AC and DC modules When you are using ground cable up to 10 cm 4 in long its diameter should be at least 12 AWG or 2 5 mm When longer cables are used larger cable diameters are required as shown in the following illustration 172 Momentum Grounding The illustration below illustrates properly grounding modules and tracks Scheme gt 12 AWG or2 5 mm a emeret f td gt 8 AWG or6 mm 10 cm Length 100 cm Length short cable length gt 8 AWG or 6 mm Om to M of the power supply N1 N2 o 2j eo 1 Grounding clamp such as EDS 000 2 Cable Grounding Rail CER 001 an optional component for grounding lines close to PE FE rail 3 PE FE rail in the cabinet or PE FE screw in terminal cabinet Note The lower DIN rail shows a Cable Grounding Rail CER 001 an optional component for grounding analog lines For a procedure for grounding analog I O lines see Grounding Analog I O Lines p
148. lines for filters Example Excellent Installation Locations The following guidelines should be observed when installing filters in a cabinet Filter should be installed directly to the cable input in the cabinet if possible Filters are screwed directly to the unpainted wall or to the earth reference plane on the base of the cabinet The filters input and output leads may not be installed in parallel The filters cable must be wired directly across the cabinet wall or floor Note Pay attention to leakage current from the filter Special safety measures must be taken for leakage currents above AC 3 5 mA DC 10 mA Refer to the standards that apply in your country The following illustration shows two good solutions for installing a filter in a cabinet 128 Cabinet Example The following illustration shows an excellent filter installation Excellent Lily Power Installation aes an ae xs Output to the actuator to the machine 129 Cabinet 130 Cabling 10 Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This sections contains guidelines for cabling systems in which PLC systems are used This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page Classification of Signals according to their EMC Performance 132 Guidelines for Selecting Cables 133 Guidelines for Combinin
149. ll cause an invalid weight measurement and make correct adjustment of the module impossible The sensors in traction or compression must be used vertically respecting their action direction traction or compression The maximum admissible tolerance on the installation s verticality is in the region of the degree according to the installation and the required precision It is recommended that each sensor be provided with a mass flex which plays the role of the electric shunt with the aim of protecting sensors from currents capable of circulating in the metallic framework ground currents from the terminal to be connected and electrostatic discharges This flex will be of a sufficient length to not result in mechanical constraints and it will be placed directly next to the sensors between the permanent framework and the load receiver 266 Weighing Module Contact with water and corrosive products Preventive maintenance of the installation and accessories Weighing sensors are manufactured as waterproof It is recommended however that they be prevented from coming into contact with water corrosive products and direct sunlight The weighing module requires no special maintenance The weighing sensors however should be cleaned periodically if used in a difficult environment It is advisable to periodically test and service the mechanical state of the load receiver e Cleaning the receiver and it
150. lue wire GND Green Yellow wire Note Only one ground wire per backplane is required In redundant and summable systems this lead is not connected for the additional line filter oower supply Note For detailed wiring diagrams refer to the part Power Supply Modules 153 Quantum Part list Table of the parts Callout Vendor or Part Number Description Instruction equivilant 1 Oflex 35005 Line Cord Terminate the Series 100 shield at panel cy ground the filter end of the shield is not terminated 2 Stewart 28 B 0686 200 Ferrite Bead Install next to the Fairite 2643665702 filter and secure with tie wraps at both ends of the ferrite bead 3 Schaffner FN670 3 06 Line Filter fast on Install next to the terminals power supply Dimensions Length 3 4 85 mm Width 2 2 55 mm Height 1 6 40 mm Mounting Holes 0 2 in 5 3 mm dia 3 in 75 MM centerline mounted Fast on terminals 0 25 in 6 4 mm 4 NA NA Ground Braid NA Flat braid 0 5 in 134 mm with a maximum length of 4 100 mm 5 Oflex Series 35005 Shield Cable Third lead green 100cy The maximum length is yellow is not used 8 5 215 mm terminate the shield at the power supply ground terminal 154 Quantum DC Power and Grounding Considerations 24 VDC Powered The following figure shows a 24 VDC powered system System Figure pen 24 VDC
151. lute 5 VDC or 5 VDC or 10 30 Parallel outputs Require the use with parallel 10 30 VDC VDC of the Telefast ABE 7CPA11 outputs interface to transform parallel output signals into serial signals The design of the module allows an encoder supply of e 5VDC e 24VDC standardized voltage in the 10 30 VDC format The choice of supply voltage is dependent on the encoder supply voltage 255 Electronic Cam Module 5 VDC encoder For encoders with a 5 VDC supply voltage falls must be taken into account These supply are dependent upon e the length of the cable between the module and the encoder double length e the section of wire e the encoder consumption The acceptable voltage fall for the encoder is generally 10 of the nominal voltage The table below gives the on line voltage fall according to the section of the wire for a 100 meter length of wire with a given encoder consumption Section of wire Voltage fall for a 100 meter length of wire with an encoder consumption of 50mA 100 mA 150 mA 200 mA 0 22 mm gauge 24 0 4V 0 34 mm gauge 22 0 25 V 0 5 V 0 5 mm 0 17 V 0 34 V 0 51 V E 1mm 0 09 V 0 17 V 0 24 V 0 34 V CAUTION Recommendation for a 5 VDC encoder supply voltage Itis dangerous to raise the supply voltage of the encoder to compensate for an on line voltage fall After a break in the supply there is a risk of an overvoltage at the mo
152. ly work as antennas as well the interference can also be converted into a radiated disturbance or vise versa Examples Frequency spectrum of conducted disturbances Source Predominant frequency spectrum in MHz Fluorescent tube 0 153 Mercury arc lamps 0 1 1 Data processing systems 0 05 20 Commutators 2 4 Circuit breaker contacts 10 20 Protection Relay 0 05 20 Power switch 0 5 25 DC power supply clocked 0 1 25 Corona 0 1 10 Vacuum cleaner 0 1 1 Many of the previously mentioned interference sources are connected to the main supply The respective disturbance variable is sent out onto the supply network and passed on from there Therefore the power supply network can itself be the source of continuous and intermittent interference 51 EMC Basics Radiated sources Interference Regular and unintended leakage sources Continuous or intermittent Sources If the dimensions of the components are small compared to the wave length of the disturbance then the radiated influence can be monitored separately over the electrical and magnetic fields With higher frequencies the electromagnetic field must be monitored as a whole This means that all devices in which higher frequencies are generated and on which components deliberately or accidentally work as antennas are to be considered as potential sources of interference Example Frequenc
153. ment may be reproduced in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying without express written permission of Schneider Electric All pertinent state regional and local safety regulations must be observed when installing and using this product For reasons of safety and to ensure compliance with documented system data only the manufacturer should perform repairs to components When controllers are used for applications with technical safety requirements please follow the relevant instructions Failure to use Schneider Electric software or approved software with our hardware products may result in injury harm or improper operating results Failure to observe this product related warning can result in injury or equipment damage We welcome your comments about this document You can reach us by e mail at TECHCOMM modicon com 14 Regulations and Standards Overview Introduction What s in this Part This section contains information concerning regulations for EMC and grounding of systems and machines where PLC systems are used This part contains the following chapters Chapter Chapter Name Page 1 Using Regulations and Standards in the EU 17 2 International Standards 25 15 Regulations and Standards 16 Using Regulations and Standards in the EU 1 Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This chapter provide
154. mm e a 22 gage connection cable 0 34 mm CDP 102 202 302 The 28 gage connection cable 0 08 mm comes in three different lengths connection cable 3 ft 3 4 in length CDP 102 e 6 ft 6 8 in length CDP 202 e 9ft 10 2 in length CDP 302 This cable is made up of 2 HE10 connectors and a multi stranded sheathed ribbon cable where each wire has a cross section area of 0 08 mm Given the small area of each of the wires you are advised to only use it for low current inputs or outputs 100 mA per input or output 228 Discrete I O Modules CDP 053 103 203 The 22 gage connection cable 0 34 mm comes in five different lengths 303 503 e 1 ft 7 7 in length CDP 053 connection cable 3 ft 3 4 in length CDP 103 e 6 ft 6 8 in length CDP 203 e 9 ft 10 2 in length CDP 303 e 16 ft5in length CDP 503 This cable is made up of 2 sheathed HE10 connectors and a cable with a cross section of 0 34 mm 2 which can take higher currents gt 500 mA Illustration The illustration below shows the two types of connection to the TELEFAST interface TSX CDP cable 02 TSX CDP cable 3 TELEFAST 2 ABE 7Heeees Note Check the consistency between the rating of the fuse on board the TELEFAST 2 and the fuse which is to be used on the inputs outputs see Connecting modules 229 Discrete I O Modules 230 Safety Modules PAY 17 Overview Introduc
155. mpatibility A screened cable provides excellent protection against electromagnetic disturbance especially at high frequencies The efficiency of a screened cable depends on the choice of the screen and to a greater extent on how it is implemented Note Transparent Factory cables have a ring and a braid The problem with ring cables is that they are fragile The HF protective effect of a ring cable is damaged through the general handling of the cable Always reduce any pulling or twisting of Transparent Factory cables to a minimum especially on installation The protective effect can reach several hundreds with a simple braid from a few MHz upwards when the screen connections are acceptable Note Bilateral connection of the screen to the exposed conductive parts protects against the most severe disturbance This is why it is essential to properly equip each end of the Transparent Factory screened cables with RJ45 screened connectors Twisted pair screened and ring cables 301 Ethernet Sensitivity of the different families of cables Description Descriptive table Family Cables Composition EMC behavior 1 analog supply and reading circuits for These signals are sensitive analog sensors 2 digital and digital and data bus circuits These signals are sensitive telecomm including Transparent Factory They are disturbing for family 1 if they are not enough shielded 3
156. multiple of the wave length 75 EMC Basics Wave Influence Mechanism Size of the interference Wave influence is the combination of capacitive and inductive coupling of parallel lines if the wave lengths of the signals are within their measurements i e with highly frequent signals A progressive wave which creates an electric field and a magnetic field is now the source of interference Current and voltage distribution on the line depend among other things on the following values e Wave resistance of the line e Termination resistance of the line Reflection of the signal occurs on the line or at the end if the wave resistance at the join is changed or if the wave resistance and the termination resistance are not the same size The reflections override the incoming wave Lines within the range of the wandering fields are susceptible equipment The coupling between the individual lines is done via the respective partial wave resistances The amount of coupled interference voltage depends on the impedances of the disturbed lines References for ratio calculations have been developed in conductor theory 76 EMC Basics Which measures for which type of coupling Measures Depending on the type of spreading coupling of the interference various measures can be taken to decrease or neutralize it Explanations for the individual measures can be found in the next chapter
157. n the disturbed circuit depends on Cable spacing d Coupling inductivity Mx Induced voltage in the disturbed circuit Us 4mm 80 nH m 80V cable tightly packed 10 cm 1 5 nH m 1 5V 71 EMC Basics Capacitive Coupling Mechanism Capacitive coupling is a coupling via the electric field It occurs between neighboring circuits such as between high power current and signal lines A fluctuating potential difference between the two circuits allows electrical current to flow through the insulation medium air for example that lies between them The two lines that are lying next to one another can be considered as electrodes of a capacitor which is indicated by coupling capacity Cy Well known sources of interference are e Switching off power lines e Inductivity switching e Lightning discharges e Electrostatic discharge The following circuit diagram shows the construction of capacitive coupling Circuit 1 indicates a high power line for example and circuit 2 an analog measurement line When the high power line is switched off the potential difference between the two neighboring lines is changed Interference current ix flows through the coupling capacity bd Character definitions Character Meaning 1 Circuit 1 Interference source high power cable for example 2 Circuit 2 Susceptible equipment wi
158. nKs EI ern CRT DRUSI VPE Y Be 317 INtFOGUCHION oo reto ose o SES on eo EE ES EU Ro aC egt odas 317 Wiring electrical connections ssl II 318 Protection against intrusion lien 319 11 26 5 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Using optical fiber irissen oppe epre eee eee Ii 320 Choosing and Fitting Optical Fiber 0 0 eee eee 320 Choosing the optical connection type 0 cee eee 321 Fitting the optical patches 0 0 0c ees 321 Modbus Plus Network 0c e eee eee eee eee 323 OVENI EW i ce oe ee le ee ee ra eT euis 323 Modbus Plus Termination and Grounding 0 0 eee ee eee eee 324 Fiber Repeaters yi eeo ni bee rie RR kee in abode a e aias 327 RIO Network zu tie vee repu REEMREN E NR EEG 329 Grounding of RIO Networks 329 Lupa Bua pad vd was dm a ca ere ee a da eet a V a d d 333 About the Book At a Glance Document Scope This manual is intended for users of Schneider Electric PLC systems during configuration and installation and provides information regarding grounding and measures for electromagnetic compatibility EMC This manual serves the following purposes e Provides an overview of general problems regarding grounding and EMC e Eases the selection of grounding and EMC measures in the entire system machine or system e Provides guidelines for configuration and installation of Schneider Electric components regarding grounding and EMC Secti
159. nd connections and grounding systems it can lead to an interfering potential difference between the end points of a line running between buildings In the event of a lightning strike on one of the buildings this potential difference can become so high that destructive transient currents can be sent down the line People and animals can also be endangered if parts of the buildings can be touched simultaneously When a system is installed across more than one building the following guidelines for grounding and earthing must be observed e Earthed parts that can be touched simultaneously must be connected to the same earth connection e A suitable potential compensation lead must be installed between the buildings grounding systems that is capable of dissipating transient currents caused by lightning strikes Note All lines going in and out of the system to be protected must be connected to the earthing system directly via spark gaps or protective devices lightning arrestors In the event of a lightning strike the potential of the system struck increases temporarily but no dangerous potential difference occurs within the system 108 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Guidelines for Creating Ground Connections Guidelines for a The following guidelines should be followed when creating ground connections good ground e Ground connections must be made with great care and the operating demands connection of th
160. nductor 81 EMC Measures Grounding system type M Advantages and disadvantages of meshed grounding With grid type grounding the reference conductors are connected multiple times to the chassis connection This creates a perfectly meshed system The connections are arranged between the devices ground cable runs existing or under construction metal structures etc Shielding filtering devices return conductors etc are directly connected to this cable Grid type grounding system hd Interconnecting S ystem Advantages of meshed grounding for reference conductors e Lower potential difference for high frequency disturbance within the grounding system e No isolated arrangement of device chassis is required against the reference conductor Disadvantages of meshed grounding for reference conductors e Galvanic couplings between different circuits via common impedance and currents is possible as a consequence of the induced voltage in the conductor loop 82 EMC Measures EMC Compatible Wiring Wiring rules Electronic wiring must be done according to EMC compatibility EMC measures include e Balanced construction and balancing of unbalanced coupled interferences Low input impedances Limited working frequency bandwidth Careful wiring arrangement Correct chassis connections Avoidance of internal couplings
161. nector is present in the PLC the sensor pre actuator voltage must be connected to the module otherwise an external supply error is signaled and the I O LED comes on In the event that the 24 VDC installation is not carried out according to SELV safety extra low voltage standards the 24 VDC power supplies must have the OV linked to mechanical ground which is in turn linked to the ground as close as possible to the power supply This restriction is necessary for personnel safety in the event of a power phase coming into contact with the 24 VDC supply 221 Discrete I O Modules Inputs Recommendations for use concerning Discrete I O module inputs are as follows e for fast input modules DEY 16 FK DMY 28FK DMY 28RFK e inthe event that 24 VDC direct current inputs are used it is recommended to adapt the filtering time to the required function e in order for bounces not to be taken into account upon closure of contacts it is not advisable to use sensors with mechanical contact outputs if the filtering time is reduced to under 3 ms e for faster operation the use of direct current inputs and sensors is recommended as alternating current inputs have a much higher response time e for 24 VDC inputs and line coupling with an alternating current network e Operation can be disturbed if the coupling between cables relaying an alternating current and cables relaying signals intended for direct current inputs is too large
162. ng frequency 59 Switching transistors 61 Symmetrically operated circuit with common mode interference 60 with differential mode interference 59 Symmetrically operated circuits 58 System Validity of the Machine Directive 22 T Telephone connection 58 Television Transmitter 75 Termination Resistance 76 Thermostat contacts arcing 52 TN System 36 TN C System 36 TN C S System 36 TN S System 36 Transformer Filtering the Mains Voltage 117 Installing Transformers 117 Isolation of Inductances through Partition Panels in the Cabinet 120 Transformer Coupling Inductive Coupling 69 Transient 54 Transmitter 50 Radio and Television Transmitters 75 Transmitter receiver 50 Transmitter Receiver 75 Transposition 83 Trunking Cable duct 142 TT System 36 Tubular Fluorescent Lamps 127 U Ultrasonic device 50 Unused Conductors Guidelines for Grounding Unused Conductors 139 Useful Signals 58 V V 11 58 Values for AC and DC Actuators 172 Valve Isolation of Inductances through Partition Panels in the Cabinet 120 Voltage grading Driven shield 86 Voltage restriction 39 W Water Supply Line Guidelines for Earthing and Grounding in the Cabinet 122 Wave Influence Mechanism Size 76 342 Index Wave lengths Wave lengths of interference compared with characteristic source and receiver measurements 64 Wave Resistance 76 Weather 52 Welding Current Generator 69 Welding mac
163. nly with 5 V and overheating Example of falls in voltage for encoders supplied with 5 V with a cable length of 100 meters Section of the wire Encoder consumption 50 mA 100 mA 150 mA 200 mA 0 08 mm gauge 28 1 1V 22V 3 3V 44V 0 12 mm gauge 26 14V 3 x 0 22 mm gauge 24 0 8 V f 0 34 mm gauge 22 0 25 V 0 5 V 0 75 V 1V 0 5 mm 0 17 V 0 34 V 0 51 V 0 68 V 1mm 0 09 V 0 17 V 0 24 V 0 34 V Connection cable All cables carrying the sensor supply encoders proximity sensor etc and the counting signals must e beata distance from high voltage cables e beshielded with the shielding which is linked to the protective ground connection on both the PLC and encoder side e never carry signals other than counting signals and supplies relating to counting sensors The connection cable between the module and encoder should be as short as possible to avoid creating loops as the circuit capacities can interfere with operation Note If necessary direct the flow of the signal in the same cable as the supplies Cables with twisted pairs should preferably be used for this 239 Counter Modules Encoder and auxiliary sensor supply Software implementation Encoder supply This must e be reserved exclusively for supplying the encoder to avoid parasitic pulses which could interfere with the encoders whose electronics are sensitive e be placed as close t
164. nnection OUT2 Connect the shield of the incoming remote bus cable at connection IN1 and the remote bus cable shield at connection OUT1 The gas conductor is installed in the device Note Connect the grounding terminals of the lightning arrestor to the PE Note Further information about grounding and shield grounding can be found in the relevant installation instructions that come with the lightning arrestor 291 Interbus 292 Ethernet 26 Overview Introduction What s in this Chapter This chapter contains product specific guidelines installation instructions and information about grounding and EMC for Ethernet components It contains the same information as the Transparent Factory product documentation but is included here as a general information source for Ethernet This chapter contains the following sections Section Topic Page 26 1 Basic rules 295 26 2 Wiring regulations 303 26 3 Using the cable runs 306 26 4 Inter building links 317 26 5 Using optical fiber 320 293 Ethernet 294 Ethernet 26 1 Basic rules Rules and precautions Introduction What s in this Section The following chapter describes the rules and precautions to be taken to install ethernet cabling under the optimum conditions This section contains the following topics Topic P
165. nts Overview Highest safety regulations Safety before EMC The earthing grounding and lightning protection systems in a building must be designed together as they are always combined with each other The tasks of the three systems are as follows e Grounding system The grounding system is responsible for ensuring an equipotential surface for the plant The connection of the grounding points with the earthing system means the grounding system has an important safety aspect e Earthing system The earthing system creates the electrical connection to earth that serves both as the equipotential bonding for the system and also for safety Different safety and EMC requirements are required for the different system types TT TN and IT systems e Lightning protection system The lightning protection system protects the plant and personnel against lightning strikes The two following safety regulations must be observed when configuring the system e Personal injury must be avoided during normal operation and in the event of an error This means it must be avoided that people can come into contact with components that carry dangerous voltages Dangerous voltages are e A C voltage with a peak value of 42 4 V and higher e D C voltage of 60 V and higher e Inthe event of differing safety and EMC requirements the safety requirements must always have priority Note When configuring the earthing and grounding systems always giv
166. o and also includes EMC standards It also includes exact information about the products disturbance immunity and emitted disturbance This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page Standards and Certification 180 Operating conditions and environmental conditions to be avoided 181 179 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics Standards and Certification General Premium TSX PMX PCX PLCs have been developed to conform to the principal national and international standards for industrial electronic PLC equipment Programmable PLCs specific requirements functional characteristics resistance safety etc IEC 61131 2 CSA 22 2 N 142 UL 508 Merchant navy requirements of the major international organisations ABS BV DNV GL LROS RINA RRS CCS etc Adhering to European Directives Low Voltage 73 23 EEC amendment 93 68 EEC Electromagnetic Compatibility 89 336 EEC amendments 92 31 EEC and 93 68 EEC Electric qualities and self extinguishability of insulating materials UL 746C UL 94 Danger Zones Cl1 Div2 CSA 22 2 N 213 THIS EQUIPMENT IS SUITABLE FOR USE IN CLASS I DIVISION 2 GROUPS A B C AND D OR NON HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS ONLY WARNING EXPLOSION HAZARD DO NOT DISCONNECT WHILE CIRCUIT IS LIVE UNLESS AREA IS KNOWN TO BE NON HAZARDOUS 180 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics Operating conditions and environmental conditions to be avoided Op
167. o susceptible equipment can happen in various ways e Galvanic Coupling through a common circuit e Capacitive Coupling through the electric field e Inductive Coupling through the magnetic field e Wave or radiation influence Coupling through the electromagnetic field Susceptible equipment is any device or component for which the functionality is disturbed by the disturbance variable A disturbance variable interference can be electrical voltage currents electrical and magnetic fields They are caused by electromagnetic proceedings have a broad amplitude and frequency range over varying amounts of time and result in a reduction of functionality in susceptible equipment of varying intensity 49 EMC Basics Sources of Interference Classification of sources of interference Natural and technical sources of interference Narrow band interference source The following classification for sources of interference can be helpful Natural and technical sources Sources having narrow band and broad band frequency spectrums Sources for conductor and radiated disturbance variables Power supply as source of interference Regular and unintended leakage sources Continuous and intermittent sources We differentiate between natural and technical sources of interference Natural sources of interference Technical sources of interference e Lightning Atmospheric and cosmic noise Electro
168. o the TELEFAST 2 base as possible to reduce drops in voltage and coupling with other cables e be protected against short circuits and overloads by fast blow fuses e work well independently to avoid micro power outages Auxiliary sensor supply Refer to the general regulations for implementing discrete modules Note The 0 VDC polarity of the auxiliary encoder and sensor supplies should be grounded as near to the supplies as possible The shielding of the cables carrying the voltages should be grounded Software implementation and the language objects assigned to the different counting functions are described in the counting application manual 240 Counter Modules Connecting the encoder supply Diagram of the principle This diagram illustrates the connection of the encoder supply l i 24 VDC supply connection auxiliary input NEA an sensors TELEFAST 2 ABE 7H16R20 TSX CDP053 503 cable poen Cable length Cable Length CDP 053 0 5m CDP 103 1m CDP 203 2m CDP 303 3m CDP 503 5m Note The maximum length of the wire between the supply outputs and the connection points on the TELEFAST should be less than 0 5 m Only one supply is required if the encoders on the two channels are of the same type 241 Counter Modules Fuses This module integrates several basic protection systems against wiring errors and accidenta
169. on 1 contains information concerning regulations in the European Union EU and in North America This section also contains references to relevant international standards Section 2 contains basic information concerning grounding and electromagnetic disturbances You will also find information concerning standard EMC measures listed according to the type of measure Section 3 contains guidelines for EMC and grounding measures in an automated system listed according to system area Sections 4 6 contains special configuration and installation information for the following three Schneider PLC families e Quantum e Premium e Momentum Section 7 contains special configuration and installation information for the following network components e Modbus Plus Remote I O PROFIBUS INTERBUS e e e Ethernet 13 About the Book Validity Note Product Related Warnings User Comments The data and illustrations found in this document are not binding We reserve the right to modify our products in line with our policy of continuous product development The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Schneider Electric Schneider Electric assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document If you have any suggestions for improvements or amendments or have found errors in this publication please notify us No part of this docu
170. only the Factory links Ko coefficient must then be taken into account which gives a maximum length of less than 30m 400 m 12 2 30 m The power cables and shielded digital connections shall be fixed in the corners of the duct as shown in the illustration below Relay cable TF Eth met cables 312 Ethernet Example 2 If length calculated in an installation condition is insufficient 30 m in the first Transparent example it will be necessary to improve the EMC aspect of the configuration Factory links up Vertical separation in the duct avoids mixing incompatible cables A metal cover on to less than 100m the half duct of the signal cables restricts signal interference That s why the coefficient value then goes from 12 KO to only 4 K6 which with ETL 400 gives the maximum length ETL 4 100 m The EMC conditions to be observed are then e each half duct is filled to 5096 max e the separation is metallic and in contact with the duct along the whole length e the cover is in contact with the separation along the whole length Note Bear in mind future developments Illustration Power cables Shielded numeric cables Relay cables Example 3 Plan Itis planned to lay the cable in a single duct filled to 70 without separation together for laying 30m of with a power cable and an analog cable Transparent This installation condition according to the Ki symbols table is linked to two Facto
171. onnection to an Direct output connection 24V alternating network alternating network and 30 V AS i 200 240 V 100 120 V 1 Connection if supply is from 100120V alternating current network 2 External protection fuse on phase Fu 6 3A time delay 250 V 3 Shielded AS i cable screen in case of disrupted surroundings 213 Power Supply Connection overview The SUP A05 supply module is designed to supply the AS i bus including the slaves which are connected to it 30V 5A output It also has an auxiliary supply 24 VDC 7A for sensors actuators which consume large amounts of current For this a black AS i ribbon cable is used Principle diagram TSX SUP A05 Ti Bus AS i 100 120 200 240 VCA 214 Power Supply Rules of Primary observe the rules concerning phase and neutral when wiring connection e an operating voltage gt 600 V AC with a cross section of 1 5mm or 2 5mm for connection to the mains DANGER Safety of personnel For personnel safety the module ground terminal must be connected to the protective ground with a green yellow wire Failure to follow this precaution will result in death serious injury or equipment damage The AC power supply network and 24V and 30 V DC output AS i terminals are protected by a flap allowing access to the wiring terminals The wires come vertically out of the power supply at its base These wires can b
172. onnections if necessary after scraping away the paint in order to ensure contact An accompanying cable will only be used when there is no other solution Example Use of a metallic duct There must be electrical contact with all connections SCRAPE OFF the paint 307 Ethernet Non shielded cables must be fixed in the corners of the ducts as shown in the illustration below Power or variator Non shielded analog cables Relay cables Transparent Factory cables Non shielded numeric cables Shielded analog cables 308 Ethernet Future developments Transparent Factory Bear in mind future developments Vertical separation in the duct avoids mixing incompatible cables A metal cover on the signals half duct is desirable You must be aware that a complete metal cover on the duct does not improve the EMC Efficiency of the various types of ducts Effeciency equivalent to C Mose 2 E For Transparent Factory as for each communication network an initial maximum limit for segment length without repeater must be observed This limit of 100 metres can only be achieved if installation conditions are satisfactory with regard to the EMC especially cables placed in metal ducts with end to end electrical continuity connected to frame ground mesh and to earth system It is therefore necessary to define a maximum theoretical length for electromagnetic compatibility This second limit is theoreti
173. ons that come with lightning arrestor 279 Profibus Shieldgrounding Direct or indirect shield grounding are offered by the protection devices An indirect with protection grounding occurs using gas conductors devices In both cases EMC spring terminals grasp the input and output sides of the cable shield Note When the system permits it we recommend you use direct shield grounding Types of shield grounding assignment Type of grounding Technique Direct shield grounding Connect the shield of the incoming cable to the IN terminal and that of the outgoing cable to the OUT terminal The shields are now galvanically connected with PE Indirect shield grounding Connection of the shield as described for direct shield using gas conductors grounding Insert the gas type surge protector in the rack beneath the cabinet connection terminals on the input side Note Further information about grounding and shield grounding can be found in the relevant installation instructions that come with the lightning arrestor 280 Profibus Static Discharge in Long PROFIBUS DP Cables Static Discharge Very long bus cables which have been laid but not yet connected are discharged as follows Step Action 1 Select the PROFIBUS DP connector closest to the FE PE grounding clamp 2 Touch the metal of the connector housing to the cabinet s FE PE grounding clamp to discharge any
174. onsiderations 0002000e eee 155 Closed System Installation llli 160 Momentum Family 0000 cece eee eee eee 163 Overview nee ead epe da de ee RE Y YE ed ea 163 Momentum Family 2000 eee 165 OVGEVIOWP s canine dritto ce tua eto Roads emu aan ues xa ea Leche fuel ako 165 Structuring Your Power Supply System 000 ele 166 Selecting Power Supplies n sasaaa auauna aaaea 167 Single Power Supply Configuration o a sssaaa aeaa 168 Protective Circuits for DC Actuators 00 eee eee 170 Protective Circuits for AC Actuators 0 0 0 cece eee 171 Suggested Component Values for AC and DC Actuators 172 Grounding Momentum Devices 0 00 e eee e 172 Grounding DIN Rail Terminals and Cabinets 200 0055 174 Grounding Analog I O LineS 0 llle 175 Part VI Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Premium Family is icc icc ieee rr e 177 Overview face ee PE ry REIR E REPRE eee 177 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics 179 IntrodUCtiOri cin sce ceret ced et LEE LA 179 Standards and Certification liene 180 Operating conditions and environmental conditions to be avoided 181 Basic elements Backplane RKY power supply PSY 189 OVetVIeW coo on eod Chore E ASA een eee hal A eee SE eg 189 Connection of the ground to a RKY rack 190 How to mount process
175. or details in your bus adapter manual Cleats or clamps can be mounted directly on the ground rail PE FE rail in the cabinet as shown in the illustration below Be sure the cleats or clamps make proper contact C e 175 Momentum 176 Premium Family VI Overview Introduction What s in this Part This chapter contains product specific guidelines installation instructions and information about grounding and EMC for the components of the Premium product family It contains the same information as the documentation provided with the products This part contains the following chapters Chapter Chapter Name Page 13 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics 179 14 Basic elements Backplane RKY power supply PSY 189 15 Power Supply for the Process and AS i SUP 203 16 Discrete I O Modules DEY DSY 219 17 Safety Modules PAY 231 18 Counter Modules CTY 237 19 Axis Control Modules CAY 245 20 Stepper Motor Control Modules CFY 247 21 Electronic Cam Module CCY 1128 251 22 Analog Modules AEY ASY 263 23 Weighing Module ISPY100 101 265 177 Premium Family 178 Standards Conformity and EMC Characteristics 13 Introduction Introduction What s in this Chapter This section provides an overview of the standards that Premium Hardware Products conform t
176. or finding grounding faults In this case it is necessary to switch off the supply in order to disconnect the network from the ground 3 Optional use of a process power supply module 4 Protective fuse 4 A with time delay only necessary with the PSY 3610 power supply module The PSY 1610 power supply module is fitted during manufacture with a protective fuse located under the module and in series on the 24V input 3 5 A 5x20 time delay fuse 198 Basic elements Connecting a multi rack PLC station with a ground referenced network Alternating network 100 240 V L N Q PE Supply control pre actuators 2 Supply sensors pre actuators Ss upply contro pre actuators Fui 4 Q General section switch KM Circuit contactor breaker 1 External shunt provided with the power supply module 2 Insulating connector bar for finding grounding faults In this case itis necessary to switch off the supply in order to disconnect the network from the ground 3 Optional use of a process power supply module 4 Protective fuse 4 A with time delay only necessary with the PSY 3610 power supply module The PSY 1610 power supply module is fitted during manufacture with a protective fuse located under the module and in series on the 24V input 3 5 A 5x20 time delay fuse Note If there are several PLC stations supplied by the same network the principles
177. or modules ree 191 Precautions to be taken when replacing a PCX 57 processor 193 Rules for connecting PSY supply modules 020 eee eee 193 Connecting alternating current power supply modules 196 Connecting direct current power supply modules from an alternating current network llle ne 198 Power Supply for the Process and AS i SUP 203 Overview cie ce lc zz re ER ERA S oe Re ET e RITE ES 203 Connection of SUP 1011 1021 power supplies llle 204 Connection of SUP 1051 power supplies 00 0 206 Connection of SUP 1101 power supplies llle eere 208 Connection of SUP A02 power supply modules l l 211 Connecting SUP A05 supply modules 0 cee eee eee 213 General precautions iiseeleeeeeeee rene 217 Discrete I O Modules DEY DSY lleese 219 Overview ee ee aba i det he be ed be ieee edi en dane 219 Choice of direct current power supply for sensors and pre actuators associated with Discrete I O modules 220 Precautions and general rules for wiring with Discrete I O modules 221 Means of connecting Discrete I O modules connecting HE10 connector modules 0000 0c eee eee 225 Means of connecting Discrete I O modules connecting screw terminal block modules 000002 ee aee 227 Ways of connecting discrete I O modules connecting modules to TELE
178. ormer against low frequency electric fields Enables buzz to be avoided low frequency disturbance e Ineffective against external disturbances caused by high frequency electric fields The shielding can cause resonance due to the antenna effect This means the disturbance is greater than when shielding is present Potential difference between the shielding and the ground connection at the unearthed end danger in the event of contact Shielding without ground connection Not recommended e Limits the capacitive coupling e Ineffective against external disturbances all frequencies e Ineffective against magnetic fields Potential difference between the shielding and the ground connection Danger in the event of contact 138 Cabling Guidelines for Grounding Unused Conductors Guidelines for Free or unused cable conductors must be connected to ground at both ends unused The following illustration shows how unused conductors can be connected to conductors ground Guidelines for Installing Cables Avoiding loops To avoid loop between exposed conductive parts all cables must be installed near between ground connections or ground cables exposed The illustration shows an example of how cables are installed near ground conductive parts connections Device A Device B Earth reference plane Cable Ground connection
179. ors locked Illustration pc ESTES E 4 54498383858888333333 RRRRRERRNRRIRRR AR Oo ol ol oo RR Rl RR 8 RR NR al Ral al a 1 10 n 12 ao io Hn 12 ao 204 104 205 105 206 106 112 312 208 108 209 109 210 110 114 314 BEEN 00 Connection via This kind of connection provides the most guarantees on condition that the shared TELEFAST actuators are connected to the bar for shared points 200 to 215 jumper wire in position 1 2 In this case there can be no outage of the shared module without an outage of the shared actuators 243 Counter Modules Connection using strips This kind of connection must be carried out with the highest care and attention It is recommended that you take special care in wiring this cable for example using cable markers on screw terminals It may be necessary to double the connections in order to ensure permanent contacts When the actuator supply is a long distance away from the modules and close to the shared actuators there may be an accidental break in the link between the latter and the 0 V or modules terminal Illustration TSX CAY 21 41 If there is a break of the supply section between A and B there is a risk that the RL actuators may not remain operational You must if pos
180. otective circuit for inductive AC actuators is illustrated below N A L m Y R C yc uE aS Out gt Load RL L N Phase L1 L2 L3 and Reference Conductor RC RC Combination as the Protective Circuit rated per manufacturer s specifications RL Inductance Load See Suggested Component Values for AC and DC Actuators p 172 171 Momentum Suggested Component Values for AC and DC Actuators Suggested Values Only The clamping diode forward current rating must be equal to or greater than load current Diode PIV rating must be three or four times greater than supply voltage at 24 VDC and 8 10 times greater than supply voltage at 110 VAC The unpolarized AC snubb Values may be Load Inductance Capacitance 25 70 mH 0 50 microF 70 180 mH 25 microF 180 mH 10 microF Snubber resistors may be 1 3 Ohms 2 W Resistor values should be increased up to 47 Ohms 5 W for R exceeding 100 Ohms Grounding Momentum Devices Overview Grounding Momentum Devices Grounding Guidelines Cable Specifications This section describes how to provide two types of grounding for assembled Momentum devices e Functional earth FE used to discharge high frequency disturbances guaranteeing proper EMC behavior e Protective earth PE used for protection against personal injuries according to IEC and VDE Momentum devices consist of an I O base assemb
181. otential local grounding bonding e Anunbroken link daisy chaining should be made between all metal device and machine structures Switching cabinet Earth plane plate on cabinet floor Cable duct Pipe and sheathed cable lines Supporting components and metal chassis from machines motors etc e Special earth conductors may be required to complete the ground connection Example Both ends of a cable conductor which is not used are connected to ground e The local ground connection must be connected to the main system network whereby a maximum number of distributed ground connections should be made 100 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Guidelines for Installing an Island Grounding System Definition Island A grounding system does not necessarily have to cover the entire building In an grounding industrial environment the electrical equipment is usually grouped into specific areas system or islands A grounding cell is created by daisy chaining the grounding points This can be cabinets machine chassis and metallic cable ducts Horizontal cable duct Vertical cable duct Note Sensor and actuator cables outside of these islands must shielded with great care 101 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Example ofdaisy Example Two of more cabinets or machine chassis can be connected to an island by daisy chaining their grounding points Ground connections for
182. ower supplies associated l Os that have a normal operating voltage of 30 VDC maximum While being charged this type of battery can reach for a duration of one hour a voltage of 34 VDC For this reason all I O modules with an operating voltage of 24 VDC can withstand this voltage 34 VDC for up to one hour every 24 hours This type of operation entails the following restrictions e at 34 VDC the maximum current withstood by the outputs must under no circumstances exceed the maximum current defined for a voltage of 30 VDC e temperature downgrading imposing the following restrictions e 80 of I Os at 1 at up to 30 C e 50 of I Os at 1 to 60 C 220 Discrete I O Modules Precautions and general rules for wiring with Discrete I O modules At a Glance External power supplies for sensors and pre actuators The Discrete I Os feature protective measures which ensure a high resistance to industrial environmental conditions Certain rules shown below must nevertheless be respected External sensor and pre actuator power supplies associated with Discrete I O modules must be protected against this short circuits and overloads by quick blow fuses For HE10 connector Discrete I O modules the sensor pre actuator power supply must be linked to each connector except in the event where the corresponding channels are not in use and are not assigned to any task Note if an I O module with screw block terminals or HE10 con
183. particularly Current feedback from devices via the dangerous sources PEN conductors can lead to faulty e f devices with high total harmonic couplings distortion are operated in a system this type of system is not recommended 103 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection System EMC performance Guidelines for use TN S Very good Ensure an unobstructed path for The TN S system is the best solution the PE conductor when expanding from an EMC point of view The PE the system conductors have no power in normal A500 mA ELCB must be installed operation for protection against fire Corresponding measures are required for devices with high leakage current potential that are located behind the ELCB in the outgoing direction IT Bad Ensure an unobstructed path for Note The IT system is recommended as intrinsically safe for safety matters since no electric arcs can occur the PE conductor when expanding the system e Filters for asymmetric interference currents cannot be installed Good EMC is only provided within systems buildings where all devices are connected to the same grounding device e If circumstances dictate that the System must be divided to limit the cable lengths and leakage currents 104 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Recommended The following illustration shows a typical connection scheme for a grounding system grounding system connect
184. potential of our earth The electrical potential of the earth is considered to be zero Inside a system earth is understood as being the protective conductor used for protecting people animals and goods Terms used as synonyms for Earth Equipment grounding conductor earth protective earth chassis or frame ground station ground This is the common base for all connected conductive inactive components of electrical equipment and is not a route for operational voltage even when a fault occurs The common ground is the equipotential offset for a system and is used as a common ground plane for electronic circuits The common earth plane is normally connected with the earth grounded in a stationary system Common ground does not necessarily have to be connected with earth ground however in airplanes for example Common ground is found performing the following functions e Equipotential plane for the reference conductor system of the electronics e Equipotential bonding and over voltage protection for all installations of metal electrical systems lightning protection system and grounding system e Protective function for people Common potential is kept low in relation to earth potential so that a human would not be harmed by coming into contact with parts of the system e Rerouting over voltages caused by faults in the system lightning Terms used as synonyms for Common Ground Equipotential bonding neutral switching ground sign
185. precaution can result in injury or equipment 158 Quantum 125 VDC Detailed The following figure shows the detailed installation for the 125 VDC powered system Figure for CE compliance QUANTUM BACKPLANE 140 XBP XXX 00 QUANTUM BACKPLANE GND SCREWS GND BROWN LEAD GREEN YELLOW GREEN YELLOW SHIELD EARTH GROUND GND LEAD Wire to the power supply as follows 125 VDC Brown wire 125 VDC COM Blue wire GND Note For detailed wiring diagrams of all power supply modules refer to the part 159 Quantum Parts List Callout Vendor or Part Number Description Instruction equivalent 1 Offlex Series 35005 Line Cord Terminate the shield at the 100cy power supply ground terminal 2 Sreward 28 BO686 200 Ferrite Bead Install next to the filter and Fairite 2643665702 secure with tie wraps at Both ends of the ferrite bead CAUTION damage European compliance To maintain CE compliance with the European Directive on EMC 89 336 EEC and the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC the 140 CPS 511 00 and the 140 CPS 524 00 must be installed in accordance with these instructions Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment Closed System Installation Overview For installations that must meet Closed System requirements as defined in EN 61131 2
186. r 193 Rules for connecting PSY supply modules 193 Connecting alternating current power supply modules 196 Connecting direct current power supply modules from an alternating current 198 189 Basic elements Connection of the ground to a RKY rack Grounding racks Functional grounding of the racks is guaranteed by the back which is made of metal This means that the PLCs can be guaranteed to conform to environmental norms assuming however that the racks are fixed to a metal support that is correctly connected to ground The different racks which can make up a P57 PLC station must be mounted either on the same support or on different supports as long as the latter are correctly interlinked For people s safety in every case each rack s grounding terminal must be linked to the protective ground For this use a green yellow wire of with a minimum section of 2 5 mm and of the shortest length possible Illustration support connected to the ground OU UO fal yellow green wire linked to the ground Note The PLC s internal OV is linked to the ground connection The ground connection itself being linked to ground Maximum lightning moment on the ground connection screw 2 0 N m 190 Basic elements How to mount processor modules Mounting and removing processor modules is identical to mounting and removing other modules apart from the fact that it must not be done w
187. r supply recommend that you wire the OV as follows Encoder 0 VDC Connection depending on the encoder power 260 Electronic Cam Module Wiring the encoder outputs on the TELEFAST If the encoder outputs have positive or negative logic with a number lower than 24 use the following connection procedure If And Then the encoder outputs have their number is lower than 24 wire the encoder outputs to the TELEFAST inputs working from the least significant to the most significant positive logic wire the unused TELEFAST inputs to the OV terminal e 1o o e ce o lt N e x 2 pectin Ev Eb wk wmEsot gt BOV EOEDEOEONOENENENDEC EC EOE o 2 D NAS Foe SN AD OS DE VC TEC ER a Example 14 bit encoder the encoder theirnumberis wire the encoder outputs to the TELEFAST inputs outputs have lower than 24 working from the least significant to the most significant negative do not wire leave free the unused TELEFAST inputs Logic e 1o I eo ON EE AE OS DES ZO EOE BOEQNENEQEO EX EOS e ia Example 14 bit encoder 261 Electronic Cam Module Protecting the encoder supply Monitoring the encoder supply According to the encoder supply voltage the supply should be protected as follows If Then The encoder supply voltage The protective fuse is bu
188. ral Shielding Measures for the INTERBUS Central shielding measures Static discharge Notes for connection the cable shield with earth For the commissioning phase a large surface area connection should be made between each cable shield and ground FE PE rail directly after the cable enters the switch cabinet Very long bus cables which have been laid but not yet connected are discharged as follows Step Action 1 Begin with the static discharge with the INTERBUS plug nearest to the FE PE rail Touch the FE PE rail of the switch cabinet with the metal of the plug case 3 Then plug the bus plug into the device but only after this has been statically discharged 4 Discharge the cable s other INTERBUS plugs in the same way and then plug these into the device Note The metal guide of the INTERBUS plug is internally connected with the cable shield during the construction of the cable If the bus cable plug is plugged into the module s INTERBUS interface a short connection is automatically established between the shield and PE 288 Interbus Overvoltage Protection for Remote Bus Lines Lightning protection Overvoltage protection Connection rules for protection devices To protect the transmission equipment from coupled voltage spikes lightning strike overvoltage protection equipment should be used in the remote bus cables as soon as it is laid outside
189. rcuits 83 Transposition 83 Room Arrangements 84 Cabling Arrangements 84 Shielding 84 Filtering 86 79 EMC Measures EMC Measures for Grounding Systems EMC functions of the grounding system Effect of grounding EMC measures for grounding systems Types of grounding systems The grounding system has the following tasks with regard to EMC e Interference current dissipation e Prevent couplings e Maintaining shielding at specific potentials The grounding system must fulfill these requirements without interfereing with the device and wiring Note Green yellow equipment grounding conductors are not usually suitable for these tasks Grounding conductors can only dissipate low frequency signals 50 60 Hz and do not guarantee equipotential bonding for high frequency signals as their impedance is too high The galvanic coupling is affected by the ground connection Disturbances can spread via the grounding system across the entire plant if the grounding system is poorly configured or bad connections are made The following EMC arrangements are available for grounding systems e Optimal selection and combination of grounding systems point to point or meshed if necessary e Meshed grounding sufficiently small surface area of the loop between exposed conductive parts e Sufficient cross section of the earth conductors low resistance and low inductance lines and therefore an effective
190. rds which do not match are to be withdrawn Harmonizing document HD Harmonizing documents can be created in place of European standards if integration identical national standards is unnecessary or if the only way to achieve agreement is by permitting national differences European preliminary standard ENV The European preliminary standard ENV was created by CEN and CENELEC to allow definitions to be made quickly which can be used immediately especially in areas with a high degree of innovation e g IT The standards are classified in the following types according to the area of application Type A general standards They contain technical regulations which are not product specific Type B group standards Type C product standards They contain technical regulations for certain products or product families Product standards may only complement and not override general standards Product standards are valid for certain product groups A product standard also contains references to the general standards which are valid to the product Grouping requirements of various types in a document for a certain product group reduces the overhead for the manufacturer Note Requirements from product standards take precedence over requirements from general standards Example The product standard for programmable controllers and peripheral devices is EN 61131 20 Regulations and Standards in the EU
191. relaying dry contact circuits with refiring These signals interfere with risks families 1 and 2 4 supply supply and power circuits These signals cause disturbance 302 Ethernet 26 2 Wiring regulations Rules to follow by the fitter Introduction The fitter must except if it s not possible follow the following rules What s in this This section contains the following topics ion Section Topic Page First wiring rule 304 Second wiring rule 305 Third wiring rule 305 303 Ethernet First wiring rule Principle It is desirable to flatten any connection against equipotential exposed conducting structures in order to take advantage of the HF protection effects Using conductor cable runs leads to a satisfactory level of protection in most cases As a minimum requirement you should ensure that connecting cables between or inside buildings also have a ground connection earthing cable or cable run For internal connections to cabinets and to machines the cables shall be systemat ically flattened against the metal supports To maintain the correct protective effect it is advisable to observe a distance between cables of more than 5 times the radius R of the largest one d gt 5R Positioning the cables Interference cable Signal cable 304 Ethernet Second wiring rule Principle Only analog digital and telecommunication si
192. rements Validity Exceptions The machine directive for the EU passed in 1989 and updated in 1998 was used to achieve harmonizing of the regulations for safety of machines in EU countries The machine directive has been implemented since the 1st of June 1995 in the national laws of every EU country and EU pre accession country The machine directive defines basic security and safety requirements for machines and safety equipment which are required for use These basic security and safety requirements are supplemented by a group of detailed requirements for certain machine types The machine directive is valid for machines and safety equipment The term machine is a general term and includes a wide range of machines and systems e A unit consisting of a group of components or equipment mostly with at least one moving part as well as operating machines control loops etc which is used for acertain purpose such as processing handling moving and preparing a material e A unit consisting of machines which work together in such a manner that they are considered to function as a whole e Exchangeable equipment used to change the function of machine which can be obtained and added to a machine or a group of machines or a by service personnel as long as this equipment is not a replacement part or tool Safety equipment which is not exchangeable equipment a component which the manufacturer or authorized personnel places on the ma
193. rket with the intent of guaranteeing safety and the failure of this component can danger the security or safety of persons in the work area A group of products are excluded from this People moving equipment boilers atomic systems weapons etc 22 Regulations and Standards in the EU Low Voltage Directive Full title The full title of the low voltage directive is EU Directive 73 23 EEC concerning the safety of electrical equipment Goal of the low The goal of the low voltage directive 1973 is to harmonize technical safety voltage directive requirements for low voltage electrical equipment in the EU in order to do away with business restraints Validity The low voltage directive is valid for electrical equipment that uses a rated voltage of 50 1000 V AC or 75 1500 V DC Exceptions are Electrical equipment for use in an explosive atmosphere Electro radiological and electro medical equipment Electrical parts of elevators for people and loads Electricity counter 23 Regulations and Standards in the EU How to find EU guidelines and harmonized standards Why only Many manuals standard catalogs and other printed materials are available in all Internet countries However they have the disadvantage of the fact that you never know if sources they are out of date The Internet has developed to the point that it is the best research media for looking up information That is
194. roduction hall 3 5 m e Areas with computers and sensitive measuring devices lt 2 m e All metallic structures within a building should be connected to the network e Metallic framework Concrete reinforcements welded together Metal piping Cable ducts Conveyor belts Metal door frames Grids Note Earth cables may not be longer than 10 frequency in MHz Earth cables that are too long cause undefined potentials in the system unavoidably lead to potential differences between devices and allow undesired currents 98 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Example Earth plane ina building The following illustration shows an example of EMC compatible installation of a grounding system in an industrial building Cabinet for high power Cabinet for low power qe a i xX m e iA Channel for I ye power cables Channel for Zt Channel for low power cable Ground connection 99 Grounding Earthing Lightning Protection Guidelines for Local Grounding for Devices and Machines Local grounding In addition to the grounding system for the entire system expanded systems in a plant must also be equipped with local grounding for devices and machines to ensure a good equipotential bonding The local grounding systems are connected to the plant grounding system Guidelines for The following guidelines should be observed to achieve a good local equip
195. round network at the entrance to the site in order to limit voltages between equipments Note Any conducting lines conducting cable conducting pipework or insulating pipework carrying a conducting fluid entering in a building must be connected to a ground at the entrance of the building and at the shortest possible distance Surge absorbers must be placed on electricity telecommunications and signal cable for data alarms access checks video supervision at the entrance to the buildings The effeciency of such devices is largely influenced by the way they are installed The surge absorbers varistors discharge gaps etc must be connected directly to the ground connection on the electrical panel or to equipments they are protecting Simply connecting surge absorbers to earth instead of the mechanical ground is not effecient As far as possible the panels where the electrical telecommunications and signal protectors are installed must be placed close to a grounding strip 319 Ethernet 26 5 Using optical fiber Choosing and Fitting Optical Fiber Introduction This chapter gives the necessary recommendations for choosing optical fibers What s in this This section contains the following topics ion Section Topic Page Choosing the optical connection type 321 Fitting the optical patches 321 320 Ethernet Choosing the optical connection type Choosing the opt
196. ry cable coefficients KO 212 et K50 22 you must therefore multiply the physical length by 2 and by 12 As the result 720m 30m x12 is greater than ETL 400m the 30m installed length will not comply with EMC requirements Example 4 next S explains a possible solution 313 Ethernet Verification mode of a the length of a heterogeneous cable Introduction Example 4 New laying plan for 30m of Transparent Factory cable Example 5 Laying plan fora 1000m FIP cable When there are multiple installation conditions along the length of a cable run each physical length of the same laying type must be multiplied by the relevant coefficients following the same rules as above The sum of the various results must be less than ETL Transparent Factory The signal cable in example 3 is laid along 10m according to the laying type above the remaining 20m are laid 10 cm away from the first one in a separate duct from the power cable but placed Calculation table Length Ki coefficients Calculations Results 10m KO 12 et K50 2 10mx 24 240 m 20m K10 2 et K50 2 20mX4 80m Total 30 m 240m 80m 320 m As the resulting 320m is now less than ETL 400m the 30 m installed length will comply with EMC requirements The documentation for the system shows that the first limit is observed provided only if main cable 150 ohms single pair large gage is used The ETL value for thi
197. s information concerning the use of regulations and standards in the EU for systems and machines where PLC systems are used This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page Harmonized Regulations and Standards in the EU 18 EMC Directives in the EU 21 Machine Directives in the EU 22 Low Voltage Directive 23 How to find EU guidelines and harmonized standards 24 17 Regulations and Standards in the EU Harmonized Regulations and Standards in the EU Harmonizing in the EU EU Guidelines Local regulations must be observed Relevant Guidelines for PLC Users Harmonizing in the EU means adjusting the regulations for the individual EU countries so that they match For technical products the requirements of the products are standardized to prevent problems with trade To harmonize the technical requirements EU guidelines are created to adjust the regulations so that they match These guidelines define basic requirements that products must meet if they are going to be traded within the EU The EU guidelines are not regulations because regulations cannot be made at EU level But this is only a formality because the EU country is required to add the contents of the EU guidelines to the national regulations Therefore the requirements defined in the EU guidelines sooner or later will be regulations throughout the EU Examples of EU guidelines are Machine guidelines low vol
198. s range from acceptable functional degradation to unacceptable functionality failures right up to total function failures of individual components or a complete application These effects are categorized according to degrees Degree of effect Description Example Function degradation A non significant influence in the functionality that is accepted as being permissible Minor measurement imprecision is caused by disturbances that occur on a signal wire These lie within the defined tolerance Function fault The function is influenced to an impermissible degree which ends with a dying out of the amount of disturbance An incremental encoder for path measurement is connected with a PLC counter module A short circuit in a motor supply wire running in parallel is causing a inductive coupling disturbance and is interfering with the useful signals on the wires for the incremental encoder which is in turn being interpreted as counter pulses by the following circuit This causes certain machine functions to be executed at the wrong times Function failure An impermissible influence on the function that can only be resolved by technical measures e g repair exchange During a service call an electro statically charged technician comes into contact with a module An electrostatic discharge occurs which damages or destroys components More examples for the effects of disturbance in a s
199. s structures because of a product deposit or various material deposits may result in a noticeable variation of the tare e Checking the verticality of the weighing sensors e Checking the sensor and actuator states according to their period of use e Etc Note Statistics show that 9096 of breakdowns occurring on a weighing dosing installation are not attributable to the electric command device but to the installation itself defective limit switches mechanical faults 267 Weighing Module Cabling precautions on the weighing module At a Glance Kind of conductors Cable shielding Cable routing To protect the signal from external noises induced in serial mode and from noises in common mode you are advised to take the following precautions Use shielded twisted pairs of a minimum section of 0 28 mm AWG24 gage The measurement cable shielding should only be connected to the ground on the module side If problems arise if the grounds on either side of the connection are of good quality then both ends of the shield can be connected to the ground On the Sub D connectors connect the cable shield to the cover of the connector the PLC ground being connected by the tightening screws of the Sub D connector For this reason the male Sub D connector must be screwed onto its female connection base Keep the measurement wires as far as possible from the discrete input output cables particularly re
200. s technology is 2000 m Let us assume that the 2 optimum conditions are observed for 700m and that for the rest of the length the power duct is e filled to more than 50 e and only 10cm away from the signal duct Calculation table Length Ki coefficients Calculations Results 700m no 700m 300 m K50 22 et K10 2 300 m X4 1 200 m Total 1 000 m 700m 1 200m 1 900m As the result 1900m is less than ETL 2000m the installed length will comply with EMC requirements and only the previous contingency remains no small gage pair 314 Ethernet Other protective effects Introduction The protective effect of a cable run is about 50 between 1 MHz and 100 MHz If you cannot use this type of hardware other protective effects are possible Soldered wire cable runs cablofils are less effective and often more expensive than metal ducts Cablofil Protective effect 10 Protective effect 5 315 Ethernet Grounding cable Protective effect 5 ground cable 316 Ethernet 26 4 Inter building links Introduction Presentation What s in this Section This chapter gives the precautions and recommendations for inter building wiring Note It is strongly recommended to use optical fiber cable for data links and therefore for Transparent Factory between buildings This type of link is used to eliminate loop problems between buildings
201. shield The effectiveness of the shield depends on its mutual impedance The mutual impedance must be as small as possible in order to achieve good shielding effectiveness The smaller the mutual impedance is the greater the leakage current can be The following diagram shows the mutual impedance of different cable shields depending on the frequency Aluminium foil coiled R with plastic coating m 1000 m 100 4 Single ply Ze 10 4 Bes Double ply 013 Double ply with magnetic foil 0 01 4 Metal tube 340 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M f Hz 85 EMC Measures Shield grounding Double shielding Driven shield Filtering Filter How filters work The shield is connected to ground to dissipate the currents Sufficiently large cross sections are required for current dissipation since the current discharge can be very large with expanded plant systems Shielding can be improved by using double shielding The additional shield is connected to ground at a suitable point Shielding can be improved by using a driven shield This maintains the shield at the potential of the signal voltage You can achieve this for example by back coupling a repeater output This also means capacitive interference currents between the conductor and the internal shield are avoided A filter comprises components such as capacitors chokes or ferrite cores and are integrated in a circuit Filters should onl
202. sible double connections of 0 V supply to the modules Using CDP 301 501 strips TSX CDP 301 501 strip white pink white green white yellow gray brown li Q ron f OG terminal block connection 244 Axis Control Modules CAY 19 General precautions for wiring General The supplies to sensors and actuators must be protected against overloading or excess voltage by non delay fuses When wiring use wires of a satisfactory size to avoid on line drops in voltage and overheating Keep sensor and actuator cables away from any source of radiation resulting from high power electric circuit switches All cables which link the incremental or absolute encoders must be shielded The shielding should be good quality and linked to the protective ground connection on the side of the module and the side of the encoder Continuity must be ensured throughout connections Do not introduce any other signals than those of the encoders in the cable For reasons of performance the auxiliary inputs of the module have a short response time You must therefore make sure that the supply autonomy of these inputs is sufficient to ensure the module continues to operate correctly in the event of short power breaks It is recommended that you use regulated supplies to ensure more reliable response times from the actuators and sensors The 0 V supply must be linked to the protective ground connection as near to the supply ou
203. signals Example for Example for the implementation of cables for class 4 signals interfering class 4 signals Metallic cable duct Metal tube Guidelines for Combining Signals in Cables Conductor Bundles and Connectors Combination of Only signals of the same class may be combined in a cable or conductor bundle signals in cables and conductor bundles Combination of The same connector may not be used for signals from different classes signals in Analog and digital signals can be combined in a connector if a row of pins with 0 V connectors connections is present between them 134 Cabling Guidelines for Laying Cables in Parallel and Crossing Cables Guidelines for Parallel Cabling Recommended working clearances The following guidelines should be observed for parallel cabling with signals of different classes e Unshielded cables with signals from different classes should only be installed over the shortest distance possible e Parallel cabling of unshielded cables with signals from different classes should be installed with the largest possible working clearance e Shielded cables should be used if cables with different signal classes are to be installed in parallel over distances of more than 30 m or if the working clearance can not be guaranteed The following illustration shows the recommended working distances between shielded cables with signals from different classes for paralle
204. spective harmonic waves e Oscillations that can be caused by capacitance or inductance of components or wiring arrangements parasitic e Common mode differential mode conversions in unwanted asymmetries on the circuit 59 EMC Basics Separation of useful and interfering signals Note Useful signals and interference signals cannot be separated from one another in symmetrical or asymmetrical operations Therefore differential mode interference should be avoided Common Mode Interference Definition of common mode interference Common mode interference is caused if an interfering voltage is coupled into both branches of a circuit This increases the potential in the outgoing and return lines Common mode interference current flows in the same direction as everything else on these lines The circuit closes with the earth reference plane or with unwanted capacities Circuit diagrams for a symmetrically and an asymmetrically operated electrical circuit with common mode interference Common mode interference ina Common mode interference in an symmetrically operated electrical circuit asymmetrically operated electrical circuit C u Zn 2 VU D Character definitions Character Meaning Us Interference voltage Un Wanted Voltage Z Impedance e g in measurement device 60 E
205. stance Influence of the frequency on the capacitive resistance 56 Carpet 93 CAY general precautions for wiring 245 CE Compliance 160 CE Mark 19 Cell Phone 75 Cellular Telephone 75 Central Shielding Measures 288 CFY general precautions for wiring 248 Chemical hazards 38 Circuit 52 Circuit breakers 51 CISPR 27 Class 1 Using cables for class 1 signals 133 Class 2 Using cables for class 2 signals 133 Class 3 Using cables for class 3 signals 134 Class 4 Using cables for class 4 signals 134 Closed system installation 160 Coax cable 58 Common Mode Interference Definition 60 Common mode interference 58 Common mode differential mode conversion 61 62 Common mode interference Filter 87 334 Index Commutation drop 55 Component Values for AC and DC Actuators 172 Computer work stations 93 Conducted interference Sources of conducted interference 51 Conductor Guidelines for Grounding Unused Conductors 139 Conductor Bundles Guidelines for Combining Signals in Cables Conductor Bundles and Connectors 134 Conformity Statement 19 Connecting cable ducts 141 encoder count sensor 238 encoder supply 241 Connecting HE10 connector modules Discrete I O 225 Connecting modules to TELEFAST interfaces using an HE10 connector Discrete I O 228 Connecting modules with screw terminal blocks Discrete I O 227 Connecting PSY supply modules 196 198 Connecting racks to the ground 190 Connecting SUP A0
206. static discharge For example Thyristor controllers that interfere by steep current slopes Switching high powered applications on and off HF Producer Transmitter Oven Local oscillators Narrow band sources of interference are sources having signals with discrete frequencies such as Radio and amateur radio transmitters Transmitter receiver devices Radar stations Industrial HF generators Microwave devices Energy currents Welding machines Sound or FX receivers Ultrasonic devices Power converter circuits These can generate substantial electromagnetic fields primarily in the immediate vicinity 50 EMC Basics Broad band interference sources Sources of conducted interference power supply mains Broad band sources of interference of conducted and radiated disturbance variables are feared disruptors in electronic automation systems since they have very high frequencies in addition to a wide frequency spectrum The following belong to the broad band sources of interference e Motors Discharge lamps Circuit breakers power switches Isolating switches in energy supplies Noise Controller circuits with semi conductors Switching devices relay contact Electrostatic discharge Atmospheric discharge Corona Nuclear discharge Conducted influences run through metal conductors wires or conductive structures transformers coils and capacitors Since conductors effective
207. t dangerous body currents does not only contact the basic insulation belongs to protective class Il An additional safety feature such as doubled insulation or reinforced insulation is provided but no protective ground Electrical equipment for which the protection against dangerous body currents is achieved by safety extra low voltage SELV supply belongs to protective class II In this type of electrical equipment no voltage that is higher than the SELV is produced SELV Safety extra low voltage is defined as a voltage that measured between conductors or between a conductor and ground does not exceed 42 4 V peak or constant voltage The circuits in which these are used must be separated from the power supply by a safety transformer or a similar device 41 Grounding Protective Earth Alternatives Insulation or protective earth Protective earth Definition Grounding arrangements and protective conductors All components of a system or machine that can be applied with a dangerous voltage if a fault occurs must be taken into account To guarantee safety these components can either be double insulated or reinforced or they can be equipped with a protective earth Protective earth is the earth that is mainly for guaranteeing the safety of human beings The protective earth is a preventative measure for avoiding an electric shock caused by indirect contact i e contact with a component that has been
208. t s in this Part This section contains guidelines for EMC and earth measures in automated systems The measures are not product specific but generally apply to all modern systems and machines in which PLC systems are used This part contains the following chapters Chapter Chapter Name Page 6 Measures for the Entire System 91 7 Grounding Earthing and Lightning Protection System 95 8 Power Supply 115 9 Cabinets and Machines 119 10 Cabling 131 89 Guidelines for the Entire System 90 Measures for the Entire System Overview Introduction This sections contains guidelines for EMC measures that apply to the entire system in which PLCs are used What s in this This chapter contains the following topics 5 Chapter Topic Page Measures to take at Sources of Interference 92 Guidelines for Arranging Devices 92 Protection against Electrostatic Discharge 93 91 Measures for the Entire System Measures to take at Sources of Interference Measures to take at Sources of Interference Measures can be taken against sources of interference to suppress or reduce the interference at its origin Measures can include the following e Suppressing switched inductive loads Reducing the influence of electrostatic discharges Avoiding influence of walkie talkies Avoiding influence of low frequency magnetic fields Avoiding influence of ele
209. tage guidelines EMC guidelines guidelines for toys etc Note Inform yourself about local regulations and valid standards in addition to the information provided in this manual This manual only provides an overview The following guidelines are valid for EMC and the safety of electrical equipment e Low voltage directive Guideline 73 23 EEC from the directive of February 19th 1973 to adjust the regulations of the EU countries concerning electrical equipment for use within certain voltage limits e Machine directives Guideline 98 37 EC from the European Parliament and the directive on June 22nd 1998 to adjust the regulations and administrative directives of the EU countries concerning machines e EMC guidelines Guideline 89 336 EEC from the directive on May 3rd 1989 to adjust the regulations of the EU countries concerning electromagnetic compatibility 18 Regulations and Standards in the EU Conformity Statement and CE Mark Harmonized Standards Role of harmonized standards The manufacturer or whoever trades the product in the EU must confirm that the requirements of the respective guideline are met in a conformity statement A CE mark is also required for the products Note The conformity is normally tested and confirmed by the manufacturer The CE mark is applied to the product by the manufacturer For certain products with a high potential for danger the tests must be carried out by an external
210. tage is SWITCHED OFF e connecting or disconnecting the cable connectors linking the module and the TELEFAST connector e connecting or disconnecting the wires linking the TELEFAST connector to the encoder The table below gives the clock frequency of the transmission series according to the distance If then cable length lt to 10 meters frequency of the transmission series clock 1 MHz cable length lt to 20 meters frequency of the transmission series clock 750 kHz cable length lt to 50 meters frequency of the transmission series clock 500 kHz cable length lt to 100 meters frequency of the transmission series clock 375 kHz cable length lt to 150 meters frequency of the transmission series clock 200 kHz cable length lt to 200 meters frequency of the transmission series clock 150 kHz In order to reduce the on line voltage falls as much as possible please respect the following points If And Then The encoder is using a The distance from the Use a wire with minimum cross 5VDC supply module to the TELEFAST is lt 100m section 0 08 mm gage 28 The distance from the module to the TELEFAST is gt 100m Use a wire with minimum cross section 0 34 mm gage 22 259 Electronic Cam Module Connecting the In order to limit voltage falls with a OV caused by the encoder supply current we encode
211. tap Each tap has a grounding screw for connection to the site panel ground Modicon drop cables have a grounding lug in the cable package This must be tightly solded or crimped on the cable and connected to the grounding screw on the tap The diagram shows a drop cable connected and grounded with a tap end site inline site end site lap tap tap trunk 2 cable tap ground CPAT XL Cod Dp drop cable drop cable connector panel 312 ground 312 panel ground 312 panel ground The node device end of the drop cable has a lug which must be connected to the node device s panel ground The network cable must be grounded through this connection at each node site even when the node device is not present The ground point must not be left open No other grounding method can be used 325 Modbus Plus Network Grounding atthe Modbus Plus network drop cables require a ground connection to the backplane device panel The connection is made by means of a metal loop clamp that grounds the cable shield to the ground point The following figure shows the Modbus Plus grounding at the device panel Ol Loop Clamp Modbus Plus supplied with Drop Cable Modbus Plus Tap p D 5in 11 8 in Hi mm ac ee cm En an Existing backplane Use holes along backplane
212. tem includes a ground screw in the communication adapter which is connected to a fixed standoff ground nut on the printed circuit board and to a standoff on selected Momentum I O modules Note This electrical noise immunity requirement only applies to systems that require Interbus certification version 2 and not to any other communication network that Momentum I O currently uses The Momentum I O modules which include the fixed standoff ground nut assembly and the male female standoff and accept ground screws are Name Description 170 ADM 350 10 PV 05 24 VDC 16 Input 16 Output Module 170 ADM 350 11 PV 05 24 VDC 16 Input 16 Output Fast Response Module 170 ADI 340 00 PV 04 24 VDC 16 Input Point Module 170 ADI 350 00 PV 05 24 VDC 32 Input Point Module 170 ADO 340 00 PV 04 24 VDC 16 Point Output Module 170 ADO 350 00 PV 04 24 VDC 32 Point Output Module 170 ADM 370 10 PV 04 24 VDC 16 Input 8 Output 2 amps Module 170 AAI 030 00 PV 05 Analog 8 Channel Differential Input Module 286 Interbus Required Tools The only tool required to install the ground screw is a PZ 1 Phillips head screwdriver The recommended torque on the ground screw is 0 7Nm 51 ft lb Installation These communication adapters will be shipped with the ground screw attached in a separate plastic bag The above I O modules will be shipped with a standoff in a separate plastic bag along with an
213. teps to supply AC power to the repeater power Step Action 1 Remove the power at it s source 2 If necessary install a different plug on the cable for the power source at your site Note The AC power cable supplied with the repeater is keyed for North American 110 120 VAC outlets Remove the AC power cable from the repeater Set the power selector plug to the 110 120 VAC or 220 240 VAC position for the power source at your site To do this 1 Remove the power selector plug by prying under it s tab using a small screw driver 2 Set the plug to the proper voltage position as shown on the plug body 3 Reinsert the plug Insert the AC power cable in the rear panel connector Insert the AC power cable into the power source Connecting DC This table shows the steps to supply DC power to the repeater wer 7 po Step Action 1 Remove the power at it s source 2 Connect the source to the DC power terminals observing the proper polarity 327 Modbus Plus Network RIO shield to chassis switch RIO cable shield to chassis switch on the rear of the repeater is used to specify the repeater s relationship to chassis ground This diagram shows the shield to chassis switch JP1 i 1 neutral 2 This table shows the function depending on the switch position Switch position Function 1 RIO cable shield is isolated from
214. th Neutral 41 Periodic interference 53 Phase controller 55 Point to point grounding system 81 Power circuits 50 Power connection 43 Power converter 50 Power Line Switching off power lines 72 Power Supplies Selecting 167 Power Supply 117 Galvanic Coupling via the Power Supply 66 Planning the Power Supply 116 Single Configuration 168 Power supply as a source of conducted disturbance 51 Power Supply System Structuring 166 Precautions 217 Precautions for use Discrete I Os 221 Precautions for wiring PAY safety modules 233 Process Process as zone with interfering components 92 Process Signal Analog Process Signal Cable 126 Process signal Cable ducts in the cabinet 126 Product liability 26 Product Standard 20 PROFIBUS DP Capacitive By Pass Terminal GND 001 282 Grounding and Shielding for Systems with Equipotential Bonding 275 Grounding and Shielding for Systems without Equipotential Bonding 276 Installation Wiring 274 Static Discharge in Long Cables 281 Surge Protection for Bus Leads lightning protection 278 Protection Classes 41 Protective Circuits for AC Actuators 171 for DC Actuators 170 Protective Class 0 41 Protective Class 41 Protective Class ll 41 Protective Class Ill 41 Protective conductor 43 Protective conductor connector 43 Protective Earth 42 Protective earth for PLCs 43 Protective earth connection 43 Protective Grounding Guidelines for Earthing
215. th impedance Z Ck Coupling capacity ik Interference current flowing through the coupling capacity 72 EMC Basics Size of the interference The amount of interference current lg caused by capacitive coupling depends on coupling capacitance Cy between the two conductors and the duration of the change in voltage du dt on the power cable du Ist Ck x at The interference voltage created in the susceptible equipment circuit 2 depends on du Us E XLIX T Note The interference voltage created in the susceptible equipment is proportional to the value of impedance in the susceptible equipment And the impedance increases with the frequency of the interference signal This results in the interrelationships e High impedance measurement transfer lines are more susceptible to interference than low impedance circuits e The interference current increases with the frequency of the voltage that exists in the interference capacity of the connecting clamps e High coupling capacitances create a short circuit between the circuits that influence one another for HF interferences 73 EMC Basics Coupling Coupling capacitance Cy increases linearly with the distance that the two lines run capacitance Cx in parallel and decreases according to a algorithm with the increased cable spacing D 100 ls m d Ce 1 10 10 10 103 d D Distance that the lines run in p
216. the AC to DC converter fails Failure to follow this precaution can result in injury or equipment damage Startup transients extra long cables and low cross sectional efficiency can lead to voltage supply breakdowns You should therefore select power supplies with enough reserve capacity and select the proper cable lengths and cross sections 167 Momentum Single Power Supply Configuration Introduction Fusing in Circuit Layout Illustration Fusing in Wiring Illustrations This section contains illustrations of a sample circuit layout potential bundling and potential isolation for a single power supply configuration Each of the following circuit branches must be fuse protected F in the figure below In the case of long lines the circuit branch must be provided with a suppressor circuit OVP 001 OVP 248 This protection selectively shuts off a circuit branch through the associated fuse even if the diode is short circuited The following illustration shows a sample circuit layout for a single power supply configuration F I O Base F I O Base F 24V O Base 2 5 mm Cu PS 14 AWG avpc OV e 2 5 mm Cu 14 AWG A F Automatic circuit breaker or fuse see appropriate field wiring illustration in I O base description F10 Optional circuit breaker with over voltage protection PS Power
217. the following topics Topic Page Batteries as DC power supplies 148 General Information 149 AC Power and Grounding Considerations 150 DC Power and Grounding Considerations 155 Closed System Installation 160 147 Quantum Batteries as DC power supplies Overview Power Supplies usually provide the adequate protection from high and low frequency RF noise because of filtered outputs Batteries provide only good filtering abilities against low frequency noise To protect battery powered networks additional RFI filters are required such as e CURTIS F2800 RFI filters e TRI MAG Inc FL Series Filters or equivalent 148 Quantum General Information Overview CE Compliance Chassis Grounding Power Supply Grounding The required power and grounding configurations for AC powered and DC powered systems are shown in the following illustrations Also shown are power and grounding configurations of AC and DC systems required for CE compliance Note Each backplane shown has its own ground connection that is a separate wire returning to the main grounding point rather than daisy chaining the grounds between power supplies or mounting plates The main grounding point is the local common connection of the panel ground equipment ground and earth grounding electrode The CE mark indicates compliance with the European Directive on Electromagnetic Compatibility
218. the ground Each of the two output channels is protected against e short circuits and overloads e polarity inversions Note In order to best protect against polarity inversions it is essential to place a fast acting fuse on the supply upstream of the load shown as Fu in the diagram above 270 Networks VII Overview Introduction This section contains product specific guidelines installation instructions and information about grounding and EMC for networks It contains the same information as the documentation provided with the products What s in this This part contains the following chapters Part Chapter Chapter Name Page 24 Profibus 273 25 Interbus 285 26 Ethernet 293 27 Modbus Plus Network 323 28 RIO Network 329 271 Networks 272 Profibus 24 Overview Introduction This chapter contains product specific guidelines installation instructions and information about grounding and EMC for Profibus components It contains the same information as the documentation provided with the products What s in this This chapter contains the following topics Chapter Topic Page Wiring 274 Grounding and Shielding for Systems with Equipotential Bonding 275 Grounding and Shielding for Systems without Equipotential Bonding 276 Surge Protection for Bus Leads lightning protection 278 Static Discharge in Long PROFIBUS DP Cables 28
219. then carried with the useful signal conversion Circuit diagram of common mode differential mode conversion with stray impedances Za between the circuit and reference ground as well as with different line impedances Z Zi ki sth 9 Usi Usu Uno Uy t U s Za U Usg e gt b Z l2 Zso Yis G2 a ls elite 42 m Character definitions Character Meaning Un Useful voltage Us Interference voltage at the source interference Us The signal voltage is overridden by the interference voltage this part is brought about by the common mode differential mode conversion Z Impedance e g in measurement device Zi 1 2 Different line impedance in lines 1 and 2 Zst 1 2 Stray impedances ls Interference current le12 Partial current in both branches of the electrical circuit 62 EMC Basics 4 3 Interference Coupling Overview Introduction What s in this Section Interference has various methods of coupling into the electrical equipment and spreading The different coupling methods or coupling mechanisms are described in this section You will also read about which parameters determine the size of the coupled interference signals At the end of the section you will find a table overview indicating the measures to take for each type of coupling A sound knowledg
220. tion This section contains guidelines and information for the configuration and installation of the Premium hardware safety modules with regard to grounding and EMC What s in this This chapter contains the following topics 5 Chapter Topic Page General description of safety modules 232 Wiring precautions 233 Cable dimensions and lengths 234 231 Safety Modules General description of safety modules General The TSX PAY 2 2 safety modules and their accessories TSX CPP 301 02 and TELEFAST 2 ABE 7CPA13 are used to interrupt one or several category 0 safety or emergency stop control circuits safety components in complete safety The entire safety system is compliant with European standards EN 418 for emergency stops and EN 60204 1 for safety circuits These modules also comply with safety requirements regarding the electrical monitoring of position switches activated by protection devices The TSX PAY 2 2 safety modules provide e A safety system designed to control the emergency stop circuits of machines in complete safety The modules are equipped with a wired logic safety block for monitoring emergency stops e Full diagnostics of the safety system readable from the status of the position switches and push buttons of the emergency stop input sequence the reactivation input the feedback loop the control of both output circuits and the safety system power supply status All this information is sent to the PLC
221. tion to the electric operation second character TN system Variations TN S system TN C system TN C S system A certain point on the neutral conductor normally close to the feeding current source is grounded directly The body of the electrical equipment is connected with the ground point using a ground conductor Depending on the application of the N conductor TN systems are split into three different types S Separated neutral and equipment grounding conductors C Combined neutral and equipment grounding conductors PEN C S System with TN C section s and TN S section s TT system A certain point on the neutral conductor normally close to the feeding current source is connected with a ground connection The body of the electrical equipment is connected with other grounding elements independent of the neutral ground IT system No point in the system is grounded directly The body of the electrical equipment is grounded Note Security stipulations for these various systems cut off conditions for example are found in IEC 60364 4 41 36 Grounding Character definitions First and second letter assignment The letters have the following meanings Letter Origin Meaning T French terre Earth Direct connection of a point to earth isolated Either all active parts are separated from earth or one
222. tput as possible 245 Axis Control Modules 246 Stepper Motor Control Modules CFY 20 Overview Introduction This section contains guidelines and information for the configuration and installation of the Premium hardware stepper motor control modules with regard to grounding and EMC What s in this This chapter contains the following topics Chapter Topic Page General precautions for wiring 248 Wiring precautions 248 247 Stepper Motor Control Modules General precautions for wiring General The power supply to sensors and actuators must be protected against overload or overvoltage by fast blow fuses e when wiring use wires of sufficient size to avoid on line voltage falls and overheating e keep sensor and actuator cables away from any source of radiation resulting from high power electric circuit switching e all cables connecting the translators must be shielded the shielding must be good quality and connected to the protective ground both for the module and the translator Continuity must be ensured throughout connections Do not transmit any other signals in the cable than those for the translators For reasons of performance the auxiliary inputs of the module have a short response time You must therefore make sure that there is enough self sufficient supply to these inputs to ensure the module continues to operate correctly in the event of a short po
223. ts Symmetrical circuits Asymmetrical circuits Differential mode and common mode interference The outgoing and return wires of the reference ground are separated in symmetrically operated circuits The electrical circuit is connected with the reference ground with a third wire so that a symmetrical circuit makes up a three wire system The useful signal flows to the device through the outgoing wire and back down the return Many interferences can be reduced with a symmetrical connection which is also quite often the reason that they are used Typical symmetrical circuit e Connections in measurement systems between sensors and electronics e Connections for symmetrical data connections RS422 V 11 e Telephone connections between participants and the central exchange In an asymmetrically operated circuit the circuit is closed with the connection to the earth reference plane The wanted signal flows to the device through a single wire and back down the earth reference plane Note All connections run through coax cable are asymmetrical connections The useful signal is fed into the circuit in differential mode i e the useful current flows in on the feed wire and out on the return wire or the earth reference plane Interference can also be fed in as a differential mode signal Interference can however also be fed in as a common mode signal Common mode interference means that the interfering current flows in t
224. urbance to an Industrial Application 48 Disturbance Variable Definition 49 Double shielding 86 Drive Arranging NC Controllers PLCs and Drives in a Machine Housing 120 Drum sequencer contact 52 E Earth Circuit Coupling 66 Earth plane 98 Earth Reference Plane Guidelines for Earthing and Grounding in the Cabinet 122 Earth reference plane 125 Earthing Combination of Earthing Grounding and Lightning Protection 96 Earthing for Systems Including all Buildings 108 Earthing System Guidelines for Earthing and Grounding in the Cabinet 122 Effective resistance Influence of line geometry on effective resistance with galvanic coupling 68 Electric Shock Causes and Preventative Measures 39 Electrical Circuits Symmetrically and Asymmetrically Operated Circuits 58 Electrical connections 42 Electrical Shock 38 Electromagnetic field 75 Electrostatic Charging 93 Electrostatic Discharge 72 EMC Compatibility EMC Compatible Wiring 83 EMC Directives 21 EMC Domain 120 EMC Guidelines 18 EMC Performance Classification of Signals according to their EMC Performance 132 EN 50178 28 40 EN 60204 28 EN 60439 28 EN 60950 28 EN 61131 28 EN European Standard 20 Energy hazards 38 Energy restriction 39 ENV European Preliminary Standard 20 Equipotential bonding strip 105 EU EMC Directives 21 Harmonized the Regulations and Standards in the EU 18 Machine Directives 22 EU Guidelines
225. using a double isolated transformer Mains Shielding es N OF r8 i NN AC ly cabl N N power supply cable i CN i YY 03 3 T 2 Earthing point for HAL AA surge arrestor Transformers e e F Earthing at infeed point T N Earthing j Central conductor Note A good ground connection is vital when installing transformers The transformer housing must be bolted to a conductive earth plane 117 Power Supply Guidelines for partitioning in the system The power supplies for the individual devices should be wired as point to point from the line entry Mains V Disturbing station LE A Separate power supplies must be provided if extremely sensitive and high interference devices are used concurrently in the same power supply system Mains Disturbing station Sensitive Device gt S Devices with high inference capabilities must be connected as close as possible to the line entry and sensitive devices connected at a distance from the line entry Distinctive disturbance station High power Negligible disturbance station Medium power Sensitive device gt Low power z gt 118 Cabinets and Machines Overvie
226. vailable and may be used interchangeable This diagram shows the dimensions of the two available 60 0545 000 grounding aA D 196 Diameter Typical l 232 gt Type A i 360 38 32 x The Locking Screw E 4 182 Diameter Ground Wire 1 4 Hex P hilips 1 03 Type B Locking Screw le 35 Note Local building codes may require the cable shield tied to ground whenever the cable system exits and or enters a new building NEC Article 820 33 330 RIO Network Surge protection Surge protection is available for coaxial network trunks that span between buildings and are exposed to lightning The recommended product has internal gas discharge surge protectors that absorb very high currents induced into the cable system by near lightning strikes The device indicated has insertion loss of less than 0 3 dB at the network operating frequency The unused drop ports must be terminated with a Modicon 52 0402 000 Port Terminator If desired shrink tubing may be used to seal the F connections The device should be accessible for maintenance and be protected from the elements if installed outside The threaded stud should be connected to building ground The recommended product is Relcom Inc p n CBT 22300G Contact information is Relcom Inc 2221 Yew Street Forest Grove Oregon 97116 Tel 80
227. veral racks Illustration Alternating network 100 240 V PE NA m gt Supply control pre actuators Sensor supply for sensors on the rack 2 Supply control Dre BCIUALOIS Sensor supply for sensors on the rack 2 TSX PSY 100 E Note If there are several PLC stations supplied by the same network the principles of connection are identical Q general section switch KM circuit contactor breaker 1 insulating connector bar for finding grounding faults 2 available current e 0 6 A with a PSY 2600 power supply module e 0 8 A with a PSY 5500 power supply module e 1 6 A with a PSY 8500 power supply module Note Protective fuses alternating current power supply modules PSY 2600 5500 8500 are fitted during manufacture with a protective fuse This fuse in series with the L input is located inside the module and cannot be accessed 197 Basic elements Connecting direct current power supply modules from an alternating current network Non insulated power supply modules PSY 1610 3610 Connecting a single rack PLC station with a ground referenced network Alternating network 100 240 V Supply control pre actuators 2 Supply for sensors pre actuators Q General section switch KM Circuit contactor breaker 1 External shunt provided with the power supply module 2 Insulating connector bar f
228. ves 217 Power Supply Rule 2 To minimize the effect of voltage falls and reduce the cost of the cable you must determine the best position of the supply module on the bus as well as the minimum size of cable appropriate for distributing power The voltage fall between the master and the last slave on the bus must not exceed 3V For that purpose the table below gives the essential points for selecting the cross sectional measurement of the AS i cable Table of characteristics Cross section 0 75 mm 1 5 mm 2 5 mm measurement of AS i cable Linear resistance 52 milli Onms meter 27 milli Ohms 16 milli Ohms meter meter Voltage fall for 1A over 100 5 2V 2 7V 1 6V meters The cable which can be used for most applications is the cable with a cross section of 1 5 mm This is the standard AS i bus model the cable is offered in the SCHNEIDER catalog Smaller cables can be used when sensors consume very little power Note The maximum length of all the segments making up the AS i bus without a relay is 100 meters The lengths of cables which link a slave to a passive distribution box must be taken into account 218 Discrete I O Modules DEY DSY 16 Overview Introduction This section contains guidelines and information for the configuration and installation of the Premium hardware discrete I O modules with regard to grounding and EMC What
229. w Introduction What s in this Chapter This section contains guidelines for the setup of cabinets from an EMC point of view and for the installation of specific components Some of the guidelines are also applicable for machines that are equipped with PLC controllers whereby the machine housing can be equated with cabinet housing This chapter contains the following topics Topic Page Guidelines for Arranging the Device in the Cabinet or a Machine 120 Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing in the Cabinet 122 Guidelines for the Reference Conductor System in the Cabinet 125 Guidelines for Cabling in the Cabinet 126 Guidelines for Materials and Lighting in the Cabinet 127 Guidelines for Installing Filters in the Cabinet 128 119 Cabinet Guidelines for Arranging the Device in the Cabinet or a Machine EMC Domain Isolation of Inductances Sensitive and interfering electrical components and cables must be kept separate This is possible by housing them in separate cabinets or by using shielded partition panels The cabinet must be divided into EMC domains e Areas of different interference levels EMC domains must be made in the cabinet This means that sources of interference and susceptible equipment must be kept separate e The EMC domains must be decoupled Note For machines NC controllers PLCs and drives can be installed in a cabinet or machine housing under
230. w to create a ground connection for cable shields 113 Ground Connections Guidelines for Creating Ground Connections 109 Grounding Analog I O Lines 175 Cabinets 174 Combination of Earthing Grounding and Lightning Protection 96 Definition 34 DIN Rail Terminals 174 Grounding for Systems Including all Buildings 108 Momentum Devices 172 Grounding connection 98 Grounding System 98 122 Definition 34 Guidelines for the Grounding System 103 Island Grounding System 101 Recommended Grounding System Connection Scheme 103 Grounding system 80 EMC functions of the grounding system 80 EMC measures for grounding systems 80 Recommended grounding system connection scheme 105 Scope of the grounding system 103 Grounding System Rail 122 Guideline Guidelines for Materials and Lighting in the Cabinet 127 Guidelines Guidelines for Arranging Devices 92 Guidelines for Arranging the Devices 120 Guidelines for Creating Ground Connections 109 Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing for Systems between Buildings 108 Guidelines for Grounding and Earthing in the Cabinet 122 Guidelines for Laying Cables in Parallel and Crossing Cables 135 Guidelines for Lightning and Overvoltage Protection 106 Guidelines for Local Grounding for 337 Index Devices and Machines 100 Guidelines for Power Supply 117 Guidelines for Protection against Electrostatic Discharge 93 Guidelines for Selecting Cables 133 Guidelines for t
231. wer break It is recommended that you use a regulated supply to ensure more reliable response times from the actuators and sensors The 0 V supply must be connected to the protective ground nearest to the supply module output Wiring precautions General To ensure the best performance inputs IO to I5 are rapid inputs If the actuator is a dry contact the inputs must be connected by a twisted pair or by a shielded cable if the sensor is a two or three wire proximity detector The module includes as standard basic protection against short circuits or voltage inversions However the module cannot remain operational for long with an error You must therefore ensure that the fuses in series with the supply carry out their protective function These are 1A maximum fast blow fuses the supply energy must be sufficient to ensure their fusion 248 Stepper Motor Control Modules Important note The actuator connected to the QO brake output has its shared pin connected to wiring of QO supply 0 V If for any reason there is a 0 V outage of the output amplifier supply e g static outputs poor contact or accidental unplugging when the 0 V of the actuators remains connected to the 0 V supply there may be enough mA output current from the amplifier to keep low power actuators triggered
232. witch cabinet Switch cabinet oc 22 Outdoor Type and number of the lightning arrestors from Dehn und S hne GmbH amp Co KG for a remote bus cable LiYCY INTERBUS No Type Number per group 1 VT RS485 1 2 CT B110 3 Note Information about assembly and connection of the cables can be found in the relevant installation instructions that come with lightning arrestor 290 Interbus Shield grounding with protection devices Direct or indirect shield grounding are offered by the protection devices An indirect grounding occurs using gas conductors The construction of the shield grounding depends on the type of lightning arrestor Lightning arrestor type Direct shield grounding Indirect shield grounding using gas conductors CT B110 Connect the shield of the incoming remote bus cable at connection IN and that of the remote bus cable at connection OUT The shields are now galvanically connected with PE Connection of the shield as described for direct shield grounding Put the gas conductor in the unit underneath the shield connection terminal on the input side EMC cage clamp terminals fasten the remote bus cable shield on the input and output sides VT RS485 Connect the shield of the incoming remote bus cable at connection IN2 and that of the remote bus cable at co
233. without relying upon an external enclosure in which an external Line Filter is used it must be protected by a separate enclosure which meets the finger safe requirements of IEC 529 Class IP20 160 Quantum AC DC The following figure shows the detailed installation for the AC and DC powered Installation systems for CE closed system compliance Figure D QUANTUM BACKPLANE 140 XBP XXX 00 BACKPLANE GND SCREWS GND es GUN STRAIN CO Leap STRAIN RELIEF BUSHING ES Q WIRING DETAILS y amp FOR LINE FILTER GA GND SHOWN ON NEXT J SS GRN PAGE P Se Y SHIELD SHIELD GND LEAD GREEN YELLOW T TO GROUND SCREWON 140 XTS 60 500 EARTH ANTUM BACKPLANE T ERU PROTEC WE DOVER QUANTU C CONNECTOR REQUIRED FOR LINE FILTER Wire to the power supply as follows Line Brown wire Neutral Blue wire GND Green Yellow wire Note Only one ground wire per backplane is required In redundant and summable systems this lead is not connected for the additional line filter power supply Connectors 140 XTS 005 00 for all power supplies and 140 XTS 001 00 for all I O modules must be ordered separately 161 Quantum Protective Cover Line Filter Connections Figure Note For detailed wiring diagrams refer to the part Power Supply Modules The protective cover must completely enclose the line filter Approximate dimensions for
234. y 31 Chapter3 Grounding Basics elles 33 OVGIVIOW 324 20 astare tatg eir Dee tene e Ue e PR RIDE EC 33 Definitions Earth ground reference conductor system 4 34 Ground Connections in TT TN and IT Alternating Current Systems 36 Personal Danger through Electrical Current 2 00220000055 38 Electric Shock Causes and preventative measureS 2 255 39 Classes of Protection for Electrical Equipment sasssa asaan aaran 41 Protective Eartlizc cuis urine UR Re a durs eec e a shat eda Ph oe dua 42 Chapter 4 4 1 4 2 4 3 Chapter 5 Electromagnetic Disturbance and EMC 45 OVGRVIOW Ls cose rebibecbe aee be bal qeu eee ee NU DRM 45 Results Causes and Types of Disturbance 00200000 ee eee 47 OV6GIVIOW i le bh be Leeda dade eph e Event e pe Debet armies gd 47 Results of Disturbance to an Industrial Application 004 48 Principles of Interference Influence Influence Model llus 49 Sources of Interference 0 eee eee 50 Interference Variables and Interference Signals illie 53 Effective Parameters lllllleelseseeeee eens 56 Overlapping of Interference and Useful Signals on Wires 57 Overview luos xev XE TIR VERE RR DG UY PR P b Re da Res 57 Symmetrically and Asymmetrically Operated Circuits 58 Differential Mode Interference l
235. y let useful signals through and suppress undesired parts of the transferred signal as much as possible Filters are used for different purposes e To protect the power supply network against interference through the devices e Protect devices from interference from the power supply network e Protect circuits against interferences from devices within the circuit Useful signals and undesired signals are superposed at the filters input only the useful signal is transferred to the output The filtered out undesired signal is dissipated via the ground connection _ i U input Y Filter U Output Transferred signal Transferred signal Useful signal interference Useful signal 86 EMC Measures Filter types There are the following filter types e Filter for common mode interference e Filter for differential mode disturbance e Combined filter for differential and common mode interferences Ferrite cores Ferrite cores are filters for high frequency common mode interferences The are made from materials with high magnetic permeability Ferrite cores work on two principles e Inductivity against common interference currents e Absorption of the induced high frequency interference current using simultaneous energy release warming up 87 EMC Measures 88 Earth and EMC Measures in Automation Systems System Guidelines Overview Introduction Wha
236. y spectrum of radiated disturbances Source Predominant frequency spectrum in MHz RF surgery 0 4 5 Bistable latches 0 015 400 Thermostat contacts Arc 30 1000 Motor 0 01 0 4 Arcing circuits 30 200 DC power supply 0 1 30 Untreated device housing 0 01 10 Fluorescent tube arcing 0 1 3 Semiconductor multiplexer 0 3 05 Cam contacts 10 200 Circuits 0 1 300 The differences between regular and unintended sources can be helpful in EMC work when monitoring frequency ranges for devices in taking the appropriate measures for decreasing interference or in searching for unknown interference sources The emission values of regular sources must be taken into account as part of the planning procedure Differentiating between continuous or intermittent interference is required if for example a certain influence should be shut off for timed operations of interference Sources and receivers Example Switching off receivers for weather 52 EMC Basics Interference Variables and Interference Signals Overview The disturbance variables and the interfering signals that result from them cover a wide frequency and amplitude range They can occur in many curve forms and be put into many different classifications When referring to time the occurrences are classified as periodical and non periodic interference variables Periodic Perio
237. ystem e Individual impulse i e pulse formed over voltage caused e g by switching an inductive consumer such as a motor or valve These interfere with the functionality of digital systems by setting or clearing registers if the interference threshold of the device is exceeded e Abuilding only has one external lightning rod and no protection against lightning inside When lightning strikes some of the discharge flows into the building and damages electronic circuits 48 EMC Basics Principles of Interference Influence Influence Model Influence model Source of interference Coupling Susceptible equipment Disturbance disturbance variable The electromagnetic influence of applications happens when a disturbance variable is transferred from an interference source through couplings to susceptible equipment The description of the electromagnetic influence follows an influence model consisting of interference source coupling and susceptible equipment Disturbance Disturbance Source of Interference m Coupling Susceptible equipmen Interference sources are the origin of disturbance variables Potential sources of interference are all applications in which electromagnetic energy is transferred Interference sources can lie within system internal or outside of system external the system in question The coupling of disturbance variables t

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