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DEAP Manual Version 3.2.1 - the Sustainable Energy Authority of

1. DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Floor Type P A Ratio A B Cc D E F G H l J Basement Heated 0 1 0 36 0 36 0 36 0 36 0 36 0 29 0 29 0 22 0 22 0 2 0 2 0 54 0 54 0 54 0 54 0 54 0 42 0 42 0 31 0 31 0 27 0 3 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 49 0 49 0 35 0 35 0 3 0 4 0 73 0 73 0 73 0 73 0 73 0 54 0 54 0 38 0 38 0 32 0 5 0 78 0 78 0 78 0 78 0 78 0 57 0 57 0 4 0 4 0 33 0 6 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 59 0 59 0 41 0 41 0 34 0 7 0 84 0 84 0 84 0 84 0 84 0 6 0 6 0 42 0 42 0 35 0 8 0 86 0 86 0 86 0 86 0 86 0 62 0 62 0 42 0 42 0 35 0 9 0 87 0 87 0 87 0 87 0 87 0 63 0 63 0 43 0 43 0 36 1 or more 0 89 0 89 0 89 0 89 0 89 0 63 0 63 0 43 0 43 0 36 Partially Heated Below 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Exposed Semi Exposed 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 8 0 8 0 6 0 6 0 37 Other No Default Data 1 This U value applies to the heated basement walls and floor Insulation in walls and floor assumed to be of thickness and conductivity as per solid floors When determining default U values for heated basements in existing dwellings the following rules apply a A heated basement is considered as part of the dwelling volume in DEAP when the criteria in Section 1 dimensions are met The heated basement floor and walls are considered to be heat loss elements in DEAP The ground floor which is also the heated basement ceiling is an internal non heat
2. Figure C2 Group heating with heat supplied by a combination of boilers and CHP For group heating with CHP Schemes the CHP unit is the primary heat source and back up boilers of conventional design are used when the heat output of the CHP plant is insufficient to meet the instantaneous demand The proportion of heat from CHP and from boilers varies between installations The proportions of heat from the CHP and from conventional boilers and the heat and electrical efficiencies of the CHP for the calculation of CO emissions should be estimated either on the basis of operational records or in the case of a new scheme on the basis of its design specification Heat efficiency is defined as the annual useful heat supplied from a CHP scheme divided by the total annual fuel input based on Gross Calorific Value The electrical power efficiency is the total annual power output divided by the total annual fuel input based on Gross Calorific Value The heat efficiency of the CHP should be based on the useful heat supplied by the CHP to the group heating excluding any dumped heat see Figure C3 54 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 o Boiler Heat Supplied i CHP Heat Dumped m CHP Heat Supplied Average Monthly Heating Demand kW N gt N S amp vw es we s y we amp oe Ro amp Figure C3 An example of a heat profile chart The energy required for space and water
3. Gross seasonal Efficiency HARP x The value is used in the Irish Government s Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure DEAP for energy rating of dwellings The test data was certified by insert name and or identification of Notified Body Data for several products may be presented in tabulated form in which case the second paragraph of the declaration should be incorporated as a note to the table D4 HARP gross seasonal efficiency for LPG boilers tested with natural gas If the fuel for boiler type is LPG but the fuel used to obtain efficiency test results is natural gas then gross seasonal efficiency may be calculated subject to certain conditions using the procedure given below The value of gross seasonal efficiency will be lower than if the fuel used to obtain the test results had been LPG 1 Note the restrictions set out at the start of D2 still apply 2 Any differences between the boiler fuelled by natural gas used to obtain full load and 30 part load efficiency test results and the boiler fuelled by LPG seasonal gross efficiency required must be minor Examples of minor differences are a change of gas injector or adjustment by a single screw on the gas valve 3 Determine the net heat input on a net calorific value basis for both the natural gas boiler and the LPG boiler The LPG figure must lie within 5 of the natural gas figure 4 Determine by measurement the percentage dry CO by volume at the maximum heat
4. 41 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 10 8 Group heating A dwelling heated by a group heating scheme can have a number of energy sources as outlined in the following sections 10 8 1 Heating System 1 2 3 DEAP allows for three different heat sources to contribute to main space and water heating Each source requires that the following be specified by the BER Assessor e Fuel type of each heating system being used e Seasonal efficiency of each heating system being used Gross seasonal efficiencies are used for boilers e Proportion of group heating provided by each of the three heating systems being used This figure should be taken from plant design or from operational records 10 8 2 Group solar space and water heating DEAP allows for solar heating to contribute to the main space and water heating of the dwelling If this type of system is present the proportion of group heating provided by the solar space and water heating system should be specified This proportion is calculated using the method detailed on www seai ie ber 10 8 3 Secondary heating A dwelling where heating is available from a group heating scheme can also have its own secondary space heating system The proportion of heat from secondary heating is determined using Table 7 The secondary heating system efficiency is calculated using Table 4a Table 4b HARP or certified data 10 8 4 CHP and waste heat from power stations A dwelling where heating is available from a
5. Fuel Figure B2 Combined primary storage unit CPSU B3 Boilers with a thermal store All systems described in this section have hot water stores as a separate appliance from the boiler B3 1 Integrated thermal store An integrated thermal store is designed to store primary hot water directly for space heating and indirectly for domestic hot water The heated primary water is circulated to the space heating e g radiators The domestic hot water is heated instantaneously by transferring the heat from the stored primary water to the domestic hot water flowing through the heat exchanger A schematic illustration of an integrated thermal store is shown in Figure B3 For an appliance to qualify as an integrated thermal store at least 70 litres of the store volume must be available to act as a buffer to the space heating demand sale p a Det boiler pE y Space Hot heating aa water load a Thermal store Fuel Figure B3 Integrated thermal store B3 2 Hot water only thermal store A hot water only thermal store is designed to provide domestic hot water only and is heated by a boiler The domestic hot water is heated by transferring the heat from the primary stored water to the domestic hot 52 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 water flowing through the heat exchanger the space heating demand being met directly by the boiler A schematic ill
6. 3 3 4 Other large glazed areas Any structure attached to a dwelling that is not a thermally separated conservatory according to the definitions in Section 3 3 3 should be treated as an integral part of the dwelling The glazed parts of the structure should be input as if they were any other glazed component both in the heat loss calculation and in the solar gain calculation according to orientation 3 3 5 Room in roof For room in roof construction where the insulation follows the shape of the room the U value of the wall of the room in roof construction adjacent to the unheated space as shown in Figure 3 1 is calculated using the procedure described in paragraph 3 3 applying thermal resistance Ru from Table 3 1 The same applies to the ceiling of the room below U value calculated as for a normal roof Elements adjacent to an unheated space 25 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Figure 3 1 Room in roof Table 3 1 R for room in roof adjacent to unheated loft space Area Figure 3 1 Element between dwelling and R for elements unheated loft space Room in roof built into a pitched insulated wall of room in roof 0 50 roof insulated at ceiling level or insulated ceiling of room below 0 50 If the insulation follows the slope of the roof the U value should be calculated in the plane of the slope This method applies to new dwellings and existing dwellings An optional approximate procedure may be used for a room
7. If the overall DEAP gross seasonal efficiency is given in HARP that value is used for both space and water heating and the other data is disregarded If the overall efficiency is available from a test certificate that may also be used provided it is converted to gross efficiency as outlined above J2 DEAP gross seasonal efficiency is not given If the DEAP gross seasonal efficiency is not available the appropriate efficiency for use in the calculations is obtained as follows J2 1 Part load data is available The efficiency at full load is obtained from heat to water at full load heat to room at full load E fu 100x J1 su fuelinput at full load e and the efficiency at part load from heat to water at part load heat to room at part load U2 E part 100x part fuel input at part load If the boiler is outside the boundary of the dwelling as defined in Section 1 Dwelling dimensions the heat to room is omitted from J1 and J2 All efficiencies must be gross rather than net values Fuel inputs must be based on gross calorific values The gross seasonal efficiency is then Gross seasonal efficiency 0 5 Efun Epart J3 J2 2 Part load data is not available If the data for the part load test is blank part load efficiency is taken as 95 of full load efficiency so that Gross seasonal efficiency 0 975 Etun J4 J2 3 Rounding The seasonal efficiency should be rounded to one decimal place be
8. Table P6 Zoverhangs for normal overhangs Depth H Orientation of window N NE NW E W SE SW 0 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 0 2 0 84 0 4 90 oss f 79 0 72 0 6 0 62 0 8 oss 79 foe 0 55 1 0 52 1 2 or more 0 50 This table is to be used where the overhang is less than twice as wide as the window 90 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix Q Special features and specific data Q1 Special features This section provides a method to allow for the benefits of new energy saving technologies that are not included in the DEAP software This method may only be used for technologies whose characteristics have been recognised as part of DEAP and described on the web page http www seai ie ber or a web page linked to it In general a technology may use one form of energy to achieve savings in another form of energy In the DEAP software in the Energy Requirements tab go to the Renewable and energy saving technologies sub section and enter the delivered energy produced or saved and the delivered energy consumed by the technology to the appropriate input cells Then enter the primary and CO factors for the energy produced or saved and the energy consumed to the appropriate input cells The technologies likely to be included in this section of DEAP are o Wind energy using micro turbines see Appendix M2 o Space heating from solar thermal panels see www seai ie berfag o Flue gas heat recovery systems these ar
9. the house Situation Living Area Public area of kitchen gt Area of largest other separate public room Combined kitchen diner public room Public area of kitchen lt Area of largest other separate public room Other separate public room In b Public area of kitchen Area of Combined Room Area of Kitchen diner This is the public room area adjoining the kitchen diner Public room adjaining kitchen diner Kitchen or kitchen diner Kitchen or Kitchen Diner Other separate public room Other separate public roam Diagram for case a Diagram for case b In b it may not always be obvious where the kitchen dining area ends and the public room begins Often the boundary is marked by a change of floor surface from tiles or linoleum in the kitchen diner to carpet or wooden flooring in the public room Alternatively a change in room width or style may indicate the change in room function The Assessor should choose the most pessimistic option when measuring the public room section floor 14 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 area of a combined kitchen diner public room if the boundary between public room and kitchen diner is unclear or ambiguous 15 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 2 Ventilation rate Ventilation tab The ventilation air change rate is the rate that air enters or leaves a building expressed as air changes per hour ac h DEAP requires an estimate of the air change rate to calculate the ventila
10. 40 72 85 40 45 20 90 55 60 65 70 30 50 60 65 65 100 100 100 90 100 Version 3 2 1 N WwW ww DEAP Manual HOT WATER ONLY SYSTEMS lf water heating from main system use efficiency of main system Electric immersion on peak or off peak Direct acting electric heating specified where insufficient water heating present in dwelling Back boiler hot water only gas From a circulator built into a gas warm air system pre 1998 From a circulator built into a gas warm air system 1998 or later Single point gas water heater instantaneous at point of use Multi point gas water heater instantaneous serving several taps Electric instantaneous at point of use Oil boiler circulator for water heating only Solid fuel boiler circulator for water heating only Range cooker with boiler for water heating only Gas single burner with permanent pilot Gas single burner with automatic ignition Gas twin burner with permanent pilot pre 1998 Gas twin burner with automatic ignition pre 1998 Gas twin burner with permanent pilot 1998 or later Gas twin burner with automatic ignition 1998 or later Oil single burner Oil twin burner pre 1998 Oil twin burner 1998 or later Solid fuel integral oven and boiler Solid fuel independent oven and boiler From hot water only group scheme boilers From hot water only group scheme CHP 121 100 100 65 65 73 70 65 100 70 55 46 50 60 65 65 70 6
11. Annual delivered energy primary energy CO emissions comparison with reference dwelling compliance check with Building Regulations for energy CO emissions and renewables conformance requirements where appropriate for Building Regulations 2005 2011 TGD L 10 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 1 Dwelling dimensions Tabs Dimensions Building Elements The dwelling boundary or thermal envelope consists of all building elements separating the dwelling from the external environment adjacent buildings and unheated spaces Except where otherwise indicated linear measurements for the calculation of wall roof and floor areas and dwelling volume should be taken between the finished internal faces of the external building elements Space occupied by internal elements internal partition walls or intermediate floors is considered to be part of the total dwelling volume Measurements for the calculation of the areas of external door window and rooflight openings should be taken between internal faces of cills lintels and reveals Volume means the total volume enclosed by all enclosing elements and includes the volume of non usable spaces such as ducts stairwells and floor voids in intermediate floors Dimensions refer to the inner surfaces of the elements bounding the dwelling Thus floor dimensions are obtained by measuring between the inner surfaces of the external or party walls disregarding the presence of any interna
12. LowE Metal U value Solar Comment coating thermal W m K transmittance break based on based on assumed Table 6a Table 6b Wood PVC_ na l Wood PVC Wood PVC Metal glazing a a R a Single with secondary glazing Single with secondary a If the surveyor is unable to determine whether double glazing is Low E or not it can be assumed that double glazing installed before 2004 is not Low E and then refer to the associated value in Table S9 Any other U value and solar transmittance from Table 6a b may be chosen subject to the guidance under Table 6a 6b provided supporting evidence is available Adjustments for roof windows apply as per new dwellings Further detail on use of Table S9 If the Assessor chooses to use the default window U value and solar transmittance from Table S9 then the following defaults are assumed Installed before 2004 Glass is uncoated with 6mm air filled gap Metal framed window thermal break is 4mm for metal framed windows 105 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Installed during or after 2004 Glass is hard coated with en 0 15 12mm air filled gap Metal framed window thermal break is 4mm The following examples show use of DEAP Manual Table S9 to determine U value and solar transmittance defaults e Double glazed windows installed in 2002 with a PVC frame o When using Table S9 for a 2002 window i e pre 2004 always assume glass is uncoated with a 6mm air filled gap o U value
13. d If none of the above applies the calculation should assume that the dwelling has a cylinder of 110 litres and loss factor of 0 0152 kWh litre day Primary circuit loss for insulated pipework and cylinder thermostat should be included Table 3 4 6 Hot Water Backup The system specified as the primary water heater should be that intended to heat the bulk of the hot water during the course of the year For example supplementary electric water heating should be disregarded if provided only for backup where the principal water heating system is from a central heating boiler as should other devices intended for or capable of heating only limited amounts of hot water Supplementary electric water heating may be specified during the summer months where operation of the main water heating system results in provision of space heating The secondary water heating fuel type is set to electricity Section 10 3 3 provides further detail on electric water heating supplementing solid fuel boilers Where a dwelling has no water heating system present direct electric water heating is assumed to meet the hot water demand In this case supplementary electric water heating is not specified as the main water heating is an electrical heat source If there is no cylinder present then hot water storage losses are not specified 29 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Systems where the boiler can supply domestic hot water DHW independent of space heating should n
14. for summer period overheating calculation purposes For doors walls roofs and floors the following data is required e The area and U value of each externally exposed semi exposed heat losing element of the dwelling e A description of the element based on dropdown menus helps identify default U values for the element for existing dwellings This entry helps determine if the element meets Building Regulation U value requirements for new dwellings A thermal bridging factor is entered in the Heat Loss Results tab under Building Elements The default value of 0 15 W m K must be chosen unless contrary evidence is available as defined in Appendix K The Heat Loss Results tab calculates the overall heat loss rate or heat loss coefficient W K for the dwelling composed of fabric including glazing heat losses and ventilation heat losses from the Ventilation tab The ratio of heat loss coefficient to total floor area is calculated and termed the heat loss parameter W K m 3 1 U values of opaque elements The U values should be calculated for the floor walls and roof when construction details are known This requirement always applies for new dwellings assessed using information gathered on site and building plans and specifications Information on the use of default U values for existing dwellings is in Appendix S Alternatively use of non default values may be used for existing dwellings where sufficient
15. 0 5 0 73 0 73 0 73 0 73 0 73 0 6 0 6 0 45 0 45 0 38 0 6 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 64 0 64 0 47 0 47 0 4 0 7 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 68 0 68 0 49 0 49 0 41 0 8 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 71 0 71 0 50 0 50 0 42 0 9 0 94 0 94 0 94 0 94 0 94 0 73 0 73 0 52 0 52 0 43 1 or more 0 98 0 98 0 98 0 98 0 98 0 76 0 76 0 53 0 53 0 44 Ground Floor Above Unheated 0 1 0 56 0 56 0 56 0 56 0 56 0 47 0 47 0 36 0 36 0 31 Basement 0 2 0 75 0 75 0 75 0 75 0 75 060 060 043 043 0 36 0 3 0 88 0 88 0 88 0 88 0 88 0 68 0 68 0 47 0 47 0 39 0 4 0 98 0 98 0 98 0 98 0 98 0 73 0 73 0 50 0 50 0 41 0 5 1 06 1 06 1 06 1 06 1 06 0 78 0 78 0 51 0 51 0 42 0 6 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 12 0 81 0 81 0 53 0 53 0 43 0 7 1 17 1 17 1 17 1 17 1 17 0 84 0 84 0 54 0 54 0 44 0 8 1 21 1 21 1 21 1 21 1 21 0 86 0 86 0 55 0 55 0 44 0 9 1 26 1 26 1 26 1 26 1 26 0 88 0 88 0 56 0 56 0 45 1 or more 1 29 1 29 1 29 1 29 1 29 0 89 0 89 0 56 0 56 0 45 This U value is for the ground floor between the dwelling and unheated basement Underground open car parks would not be considered to be unheated basements The actual basement floor is assumed to be uninsulated Perimeter is the exposed perimeter of that ground floor and area is the area of that ground floor Insulation thickness as outlined Insulation thickness and conductivity as per solid floors for same age band 103
16. 0 7210 1508 5 8 Anderson BR BRE 443 Conventions for Calculating U values BRE Scotland 2006 Edition 45 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 List of relevant standards Reference Title Content IS EN ISO 6946 Building components and building elements Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation Calculation of U method values for walls and roofs IS EN ISO Thermal performance of windows doors and shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 1 General U values for windows and 10077 1 doors IS EN ISO Thermal performance of windows doors and shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 2 Numerical U values for method for frames window frames 10077 2 ISO EN 10456 Building materials and products Hygrothermal properties Tabulated design values and procedures for List of thermal determining declared design thermal values conductivity values IS EN ISO Thermal performance of windows and doors Determination of thermal transmittance by hot box method U value measurement for 12567 windows and doors IS EN ISO Thermal performance of buildings Heat transfer via the ground Calculation methods U values for 13370 floors IS EN 13786 Thermal performance of building components dynamic thermal characteristics Calculation methods Thermal admittances IS EN ISO Thermal performance of buildings transmission heat loss coefficient Calculation method Heat loss rate from whole 13789 building IS EN ISO 13790 T
17. and only where the efficiency is obtained from the HARP database or manufacturer s declared value Ocase is the heat emission from the case of the range cooker at full load in kW and Owater is the heat transferred to water at full load in kW Ocase and Dwater are obtained from the database record for the range cooker boiler or manufacturer s declared value Range cooker boiler gas or oil fired 1 Ocase water Notes a These are mutually exclusive and therefore do not accumulate if more than one applies the highest applicable efficiency adjustment is to be used These do not apply if there is passive flue gas heat recovery Weather compensators are located outside the dwelling Load compensators are located inside b Adjustment is applicable if the boiler supplies only the underfloor heating and not if it also feeds radiators or supplies hot water Radiator systems designed to operate at the same temperature as underfloor heating as outlined in note e below can also use these factors if the boiler does not supply hot water 123 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 c These do not accumulate as no thermostatic control or presence of a bypass means that there is no boiler interlock However if the system is such that interlock is achieved using an alternative to thermostatic control even if there is a bypass in the system then both No thermostatic control of room temperature and no boiler interlock should bot
18. flat rate charging If CHP and details cannot be ascertained they are defaulted to fraction of heat from CHP 0 30 CHP overall efficiency 75 heat to power ratio 2 0 S12 Improvement measures The BER Advisory report is generated by the National Administration System NAS on assessment upload 108 DEAP Manual S13 Dwelling Survey Version 3 2 1 A separate document detailing the survey methodology is available from SEAI This document explains how each of the following items are measured where necessary and is summarised as follows Table S12 Data to be collected Item Data Comment Built form and Classification according to dwelling type in survey methodology detachment Age band According to Section S5 Identify age band separately for main property any extension any rooms in roof Dimensions Total Floor area average room height for each floor incl Room in roof Measured separately for main Floor area next to ground including heated basement floors walls and associated exposed perimeters Floor area exposed to outside air or internal unheated air and associated exposed perimeters Floor area above partially heated space Exposed wall areas Semi exposed wall areas External door count Exposed window area orientation and detail on window construction as per Section 3 2 Roof area Living room area counted as per new dwellings Estimate of interna
19. trees 7 0 94 2 0 86 0 0 82 Use linear interpolation for intermediate values For hub height higher than the maximum given for the terrain type use the highest for that terrain type i e 0 56 0 67 or 1 00 including objects such as mature trees landmass building either neighbouring buildings or actual dwelling being assessed within a radius of 10 times the turbine hub height Other useful information can be found under SEAI s small scale wind energy FAQs http www seai ie Renewables Microgeneration Microgeneration FAQ 1 Factors in Table M2 derived from data in The Designer s Guide to Wind Loading of Structures N J Cook Butterworths 1986 83 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix N Micro cogeneration also known as micro CHP N1 Overview Micro cogeneration from Combined Heat and Power plant provides both heat and electricity It is assumed to be heat led meaning that it is allowed to operate only when there is a demand for space heating or hot water The domestic application of micro cogeneration is treated in conjunction with a conventional domestic heating system such as a boiler or heat pump It is also assumed that it is connected to the public electricity supply in such a way that surplus generated electricity is exported For both group heating systems and individual dwellings the fraction of heat from CHP Main Space Heating demand Main Water Heating demand from CHP needs to be d
20. 2008 and 2011 TGD L The MPCPC is defined in Section 1 1 2 of Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L e The new dwelling must use a minimum level of renewable technologies such as solar thermal systems heat pumps CHP wood fuels and other small scale renewable systems The amount of heat and or electricity to be generated by these systems is defined in Section 1 2 of Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L DEAP allows the renewables requirement to be met using either an individual or group heating system The energy contribution from renewables can also be specified using the Energy produced or Saved section of the Energy Requirements tab In this case the energy source must be specified as being a renewable technology electrical or thermal energy or a non renewable technology The energy produced or saved section should not contain renewable or energy saving technologies already accounted for elsewhere in DEAP such as heat pumps biomass solar water heating CHP and heat recovery e The exposed elements of the dwelling fabric are required to meet the constraints detailed in Section 1 3 of Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L An average U value must be met for each type of element DEAP also checks that no individual section of an element exceeds the maximum U value for that type of element As per Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD Section 1 3 1 2 the wall between a dwelling and an unheated unventilated space may
21. 7 Metal thermal break 4 mm 0 0 3 Metal thermal break 8 mm 0 1 0 2 Metal thermal break 12 mm 0 2 0 1 Metal thermal break 20 mm 0 3 0 Metal thermal break 32 mm 0 4 0 1 3 For half glazed doors approximately the U value of the door is the average of the appropriate window U value and that of the non glazed part of the door e g solid wooden door U value of 3 0 W m K half glazed with double glazing low E hard coat argon filled 6 mm gap U value of 2 5 W m k has a resultant U value of 0 5 3 0 2 5 2 75 W m Source SAP 2005 4 When the window U value is declared using certified data rather than from Table 6a then the Metal frame adjustment above is generally accounted for in the certified window U value Therefore when a non default window U value is applied DEAP assumes the Metal Frame adjustment to be zero However the roof window adjustment applies for all roof windows regardless of whether default or non default U values are used Table 6b Transmittance factors for glazing Total solar energy Type of glazing ID Ganom tance Light transmittance for calculation of for calculation of lighting solar gains requirement Single glazed 1 0 85 0 90 Double glazed air or argon filled 2 0 76 0 80 Double glazed Low E hard coat 3 0 72 0 80 Double glazed Low E soft coat 4 0 63 0 80 Window with secondary glazing 2 0 76 0 80 Triple glazed air or argon filled 5 0 68 0 70 Triple glazed Low E hard co
22. In a variable flow system the hot water pumped through the distribution pipe work varies according to the demand for heat Source SAP 2009 136 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 10a On peak fractions for systems using night rate tariff This table is applicable where electric space and water heating systems use electricity at both off peak and on peak rates Use an electricity price for the main heating system weighted between the on peak and off peak unit price using the fraction from the table Secondary heating with fraction according to Table 7 is applied as well Fuel costs should be taken from www seai ie statistics under fuel cost comparisons System Fraction at on peak rate Integrated storage direct acting systems 0 20 storage heaters and underfloor heating Direct acting electric boiler 0 90 Ground water source heat pump water heating with off peak 0 17 immersion water heating without immersion 0 70 heater space heating with on peak auxiliary 0 80 space heating without auxiliary 0 70 Immersion water heater Fraction from Table 10b Table 10b On peak fraction for electric water heating Instead of a table the following equations are used to calculate the fractions of electricity required at on peak rates for cylinders with single and with dual immersion heaters for night rate tariffs The equations are valid for V between 110 and 245 litres Dual immersion 6 8 0 024V N 14 0 07V 100
23. OR UNDERFLOOR HEATING No time or thermostatic control of room temperature 1 0 3 Programmer no room thermostat 1 0 3 Thermostat only 1 0 Programmer room thermostat 1 0 Programmer at least two room thermostats 2 0 Programmer room thermostat TRVs bypass 2 0 Time and temperature zone control 3 0 Adjustments for features of control systems Version 3 2 1 Table 4c Table 4c Table 4c Table 4c Table 4c Table 4c Table 4c Table 4c applicable to any control option above and in addition to the adjustments selected above one of the Load or weather compensation 0 above Temperature control of water heating cylinder stat n a n a Time control of water heating separate programming wa na GROUP 3 GROUP HEATING SCHEMES No thermostatic control of room temperature Programmer and roomstat Programmer and TRVs w N Time and temperature zone control Programmer in group heating scheme may be inside dwelling or part of the group heating system GROUP 4 ELECTRIC STORAGE SYSTEMS Manual charge control 3 0 3 Automatic charge control 3 0 Celect type controls 3 0 GROUP 5 WARM AIR SYSTEMS No thermostatic control of room temperature 0 3 Programmer no room thermostat 0 3 Room thermostat only Programmer room thermostat Programmer and at least two room thermostats wn oOo Oo Time and temperature zone control GROUP 6 ROOM HEATER SYSTEMS No thermostatic control Appliance thermostat
24. Table 4b in the DEAP Manual The original boiler age and the replacement burner fuel type should be used 9 2 8 Efficiency adjustment factor It may be necessary to apply an adjustment to the space and or water heating efficiency Provision for such adjustment is made in the Energy Requirements tab applying the data provided in Table 4c Examples of factors addressed by Table 4c include condensing boilers with under floor heating heating controls e g the absence of a boiler interlock and factors affecting the supply temperature of heat pumps 9 3 Heating controls The influence of the heating system controls is represented in the Distribution System Losses and Gains tab with reference to Table 4e The following are descriptions of the types of controls mentioned in Table 4e 9 3 1 Room thermostat A room thermostat senses the indoor air temperature and switches on or off the space heating A single target temperature may be set by the user 9 3 2 Time switch A switch operated by a clock to control either space heating or hot water but not both The user chooses one or more on periods usually in a daily or weekly cycle 36 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 9 3 3 Programmer Two switches operated by a clock to control both space heating and hot water The user chooses one or more on periods usually in a daily or weekly cycle A mini programmer allows space heating and hot water to be on together or hot water al
25. and British Board of Agrement BBA websites Certified data from other sources can also be used bearing the following text in mind taken from Building Regulations 2011 TGD L For thermally homogeneous materials declared and design values should be determined in accordance with I S EN ISO 10456 2007 Design values for masonry materials should be determined in accordance with I S EN 1745 2002 For insulation materials values determined in accordance with the appropriate harmonised European standard should be used U value calculations should only use certified data as described here Where insulation thickness varies across a building element the insulation thickness used should be the average insulation thickness weighted by area In the case of roofs where the attic hatch is part of the roof heat loss area the attic hatch insulation thickness is also accounted for in this calculation In some cases the attic hatch should be considered to be a heat loss door rather than part of the heat loss roof area particularly when it is used to access a floored attic acting as an unheated storage area U values for ground floors and basements should be calculated using the procedure described in IS EN ISO 13370 or in the CIBSE Guide Section A3 Further detail is available in BRE 443 and TGD L Appendix A Software packages to perform U value calculations for different building elements in accordance with the relevant standards above are read
26. any extension Where Building Regulations are available the associated U value from Table S2 is used Any other walls with insulation can have non default U values entered 6 1 U values of walls This section details default wall U values where there is insufficient information to enter non default U values Lookup of the defaults in Tables S3 and S3a are automatically referenced by DEAP software Values from Table S3b are entered into DEAP by the user Table S3 Exposed wall U values Age Band A B Cc D E F G H l J Wall type Stone 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 lA 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 225mm solid brick 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 325mm solid brick 1 64 1 64 1 64 1 64 1 64 1 1 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 300mm cavity 2 1 1 78 1 78 1 78 1 78 1 1 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 300mm filled cavity 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 solid mass concrete 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 concrete hollow block 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 1 1 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 timber frame 2 5 1 9 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 Unknown 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 425 mm Cavity Wall 1 73 1 51 1 51 1 51 1 51 1 1 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 425 mm filled cavity 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 55 0 55 0 37 If the dwelling is of age band F or G but the roof of the dwelling is shown to have no insulation then the wall must be assumed to be age band E no insulation 1 These U values may be
27. bed and combustion gases are sealed generally with a glass panel sealed to the front of the fire from the room where the gas fire is fitted Fuel effect gas fires can be live fuel effect LFE inset live fuel effect ILFE or decorative fuel effect DFE The products of combustion from a DFE pass unrestricted from the fire bed to the chimney or flue for the LFE ILFE the products of combustion are restricted before passing into the chimney or flue For further clarification of LFE ILFE DFE see clauses 3 1 2 3 1 3 and 3 1 4 and Figure 1 of BS 7977 1 2002 Room heaters with boilers Gas oil and solid fuel room heaters may have a boiler providing either domestic hot water only or both space heating and domestic hot water 35 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 For gas back boilers separate efficiencies apply to the boiler and to the associated room heater This means that if the back boiler provides space heating it should be defined as the main heating system and the gas fire should be indicated as the secondary heater subject to guidance under Appendix A if the back boiler provides domestic hot water only the boiler gross efficiency is used for water heating and the gas fire efficiency for space heating gas fire as main or as secondary heater For oil and solid fuel room heaters with boilers the gross efficiency is an overall value i e sum of heat to water and heat to room if the boiler provides spa
28. being assessed does not exceed that of a Reference dwelling for which the corresponding Maximum Permitted Carbon Dioxide Emission Rate MPCDER is also calculated both being expressed in units of kg CO2 per square metre per annum The Reference dwelling is specified in Appendix C of Building Regulations 2005 TGD L e The overall heat loss method or elemental heat loss method as defined in Section 1 2 of Building Regulations 2005 TGD L should be satisfied 13 2 Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L conformance demonstration DEAP performs the following checks for new dwellings where Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L apply e The calculated primary energy usage of the proposed dwelling is divided by that of a reference dwelling the result being called the Energy Performance Coefficient EPC DEAP compares the EPC 43 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 to the Maximum Permitted Energy Performance Coefficient MPEPC The reference dwelling for this calculation is detailed in Appendix C of Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L The MPEPC is defined in Section 1 1 2 of Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L e The calculated CO emission rate is divided by that of a reference dwelling the result being called the Carbon Performance Coefficient CPC DEAP compares the CPC to the Maximum Permitted Carbon Performance Coefficient MPCPC The reference dwelling for this calculation is detailed in Appendix C of Building Regulations
29. default U values where internal drylined insulation is retrofitted to one of the wall types in Table 3 This table assumes that the insulation added has thermal conductivity 0 038 W m K and the Assessor has insufficient detail on the actual thermal conductivity of the installed insulation Table S3b applies only where the insulation is an addition to that of the original wall Where the actual installed insulation thickness does not match one of the columns in the table below the next lowest insulation thickness should be assumed from this table For example if the installed drylining insulation is 63mm thick the column Plasterboard 60mm insulation should be referenced if using Table S3b Table S3b Exposed wall U Values with typical drylining insulation upgrades Original Plasterboard Plasterboard Plasterboard Plasterboard Plasterboard Plasterboard Plasterboard Wall U Value 0mm 20mm 30mm 40mm 50mm 60mm 70mm from Table 3 insulation insulation insulation insulation insulation insulation insulation Deriving wall U values summary Wall type and available data examples How to select the appropriate wall U value Enter actual wall U value based on U value calculation into DEAP Full detail on all wall layers available from documentary evidence rather than using default value Select wall type and age band in DEAP DEAP automatically selects No detail available on exposed wall other than w
30. dwelling type and purpose of rating fields in DEAP should not be based on defaults as they should be readily identifiable on site S4 Dimensions and Building Elements In general if one building element is thermally different from another within a dwelling then they are to be measured so that their respective areas can be calculated so the appropriate U values can be assigned and then values can be entered separately into the DEAP software That said building elements comprised of relatively small areas compared to the dwelling overall and very small differences in U values will have a very marginal effect on the final result and therefore can be ignored Many dwellings have one or more extensions of a different construction or insulation standard added to the main part of the dwelling e g a cavity wall construction with an extension constructed from hollow blocks or have parts of the original dwelling with different constructions or insulation standards although built at the same time e g the front of the dwelling is constructed from stone and part of the rear is constructed from brick In these cases dimensions and constructional details of the main part of the dwelling and the extension are recorded separately including year of construction to allow the assignment of different U values to the original and to the extension Occasionally there may be two or more extensions whose details need each to be recorded separately DEAP allow
31. efficiency 80 piping installed before 1990 pre insulated flat rate charging If CHP and details cannot be ascertained they are defaulted to fraction of heat from CHP 0 30 CHP overall efficiency 75 heat to power ratio 2 0 111 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix U Submission of BER assessments DEAP allows registered BER Assessors to save assessments in a single database in the DEAP software as individual files on a computer network or as submitted assessments to SEAI s National Administration System NAS for BER assessments under http ber seai ie The assessment may be saved within an internal database while entering data in the DEAP software The assessment can also be exported to a file on the user s computer network or uploaded directly to NAS from within DEAP DEAP highlights any incomplete mandatory fields when a file export is attempted Incomplete assessments cannot be submitted to the NAS www seai ie ber details how to access submit files to and use the NAS Assessments submitted to the NAS are put through validation checks to highlight any unexpected data Assessors should correct and resubmit any assessment that contains unexpected data resulting from human error before publishing that assessment on the BER register If the unexpected data reflects the actual dwelling being assessed the Assessor can choose to ignore the validation notices and publish the assessment on the BER register A
32. electrical efficiency 84 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 N3 CHP calculating energy savings DEAP calculates the energy savings attributable to the Part L 2008 and 2011 renewables requirement following the formula in TGD L 2011 The kWh yr contributing towards the renewables compliance requirement as follows 1 CHPEn 0 9 CHPHnx0 4 CHP Hn Rth CHP Hx e Rth is the energy saving contribution from the CHP system e CHP His the useful heat output from the CHP system e CHP H nis the heat efficiency of the CHP production defined as annual useful heat output divided by the gross calorific fuel input e CHP E n is the electrical efficiency of the CHP production defined as annual electricity from cogeneration divided by the fuel input N4 CHP installation in a group heating system Appendix C of the DEAP manual details how the DEAP software caters for CHP installations in a group heating system DEAP uses equation N1 in calculating the energy saved by the CHP installation in a group heating scheme considered renewable for the purposes of the Building Regulations Part L renewables requirement The useful heat output from the CHP plant is the heat generated by the CHP plant over the year in the group heating scheme and is based on the dwelling s heat requirement from the group heating scheme main space and water heating and the user specified fraction of this heat derived from the CHP installation 85 DEAP Manual Versio
33. evidence is available as outlined in Appendix S and the DEAP survey guide 21 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 U values for walls and roofs containing repeating thermal bridges such as timber joists between insulation etc should be calculated using methods based on the upper and lower resistance of elements given in IS EN ISO 6946 IS EN ISO 6946 gives the calculation for components and elements consisting of thermally homogenous layers including air layers and is based on the design thermal conductivity or design thermal resistances of materials and products used The standard also gives an approximate method for inhomogeneous layers except cases where an insulating layer is bridged by metal Thermal conductivity values for common building materials can be obtained from Table 12a of the DEAP manual Building Regulations 2011 TGD L Table A1 ISO EN 10456 or the CIBSE Guide Section A3 For specific insulation products data should be obtained from accredited test data Note that Table 12b may be used for insulation products conductivity for design purposes such as provisional ratings and for existing dwelling assessments where no further information is available Insulation thermal conductivities from Table 12b may not be used for final BER assessments for new dwellings When using certified data to determine thermal properties of building elements acceptable data is available on Agrement Certificates from the Irish Agrement Board IAB
34. external temperature T from Table P2 Alternatively the mean for the months June August for the dwelling location may be used if available Table P2 Summer mean external temperature Ta omer used for estimating Region Mean external temperature mean internal temperature in summer C lreland 15 7 Obtain the threshold internal temperature to estimate likelihood of high internal temperature This is the mean internal temperature during the summer period plus an increment related to the thermal mass G T threshold TOARE H AT mass P7 where ATmass 2 0 7 x HCP if HCP lt 0 28 87 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 AT mass 0 if HCP gt 0 28 HCP heat capacity parameter is the internal heat capacity of the dwelling divided by the total floor area as entered to the DEAP calculation software 8 Use Table P3 to estimate tendency to high internal temperature in hot weather Table P3 Levels of threshold temperature corresponding to likelihood of high internal temperature during hot weather Tihreshold Likelihood of high internal temperature during hot weather lt 20 5 C Not significant gt 20 5 C and lt 22 0 C Slight gt 22 0 C and lt 23 5 C Medium gt 23 5 C High P2 Reporting of results Results should include details of the house design including its heat capacity parameter and specification of any overhangs together with its orient
35. fan driven ventilation system providing fresh air to the rooms and extracting exhaust air from the dwelling The system may or may not be fitted with a heat recovery unit The DEAP calculation in such cases is based on a minimum dwelling ventilation rate of 0 5 air changes per hour or larger depending on the infiltration rate and the mechanical system For dwellings with heat recovery from exhaust to inlet air the heat loss by mechanical ventilation is reduced by the factor ny where ny 0 66 is the default efficiency assumed for the heat recovery system The default Specific Fan Power SFP is assumed to be 2W L s Alternatively values based on tests may be used subject to conditions for acceptance of test data The mechanical ventilation test values are listed on http www sap appendixq org uk The testing methodology for inclusion of MVHR devices on SAP Appendix Q invokes BS EN 13141 6 definition of duct configurations and BS EN 13141 7 testing of heat recovery devices and therefore is an approved and suitable method for Irish use The methodology determines the unit performance both in terms of SFP and heat recovery efficiency for a number of predefined configurations specifically the number of wet areas in the dwelling where humid air is extracted The BER Assessor should detail the ducting type and general configuration of the ventilation system when a non default value is entered for SFP and or ventilation system efficiency The type
36. figures and some product data may only be available to lesser precision In some cases there are a limited number of data entry options available Unless otherwise stated in SEAI guidance the most prevalent option should be chosen As an example where a dwelling has 100m solid ground floor and 75m suspended ground floor No is selected under the entry is there a suspended wooden ground floor Input data on dwelling or component characteristics BER Assessors are required to adhere to the BER Assessor s Code of Practice as published on www seai ie ber when publishing BER assessments on the National Administration System NAS Reference data tables are provided for use when specific product or system performance information is not available Specific performance information as outlined below should be used in preference to data from the tables particularly for new dwellings BER Assessors are encouraged to choose non default values provided adequate evidence for these values is available as defaults are generally conservative While there are a number of readily available sources for performance data entered into DEAP such as HARP Irish Agrement Board IAB British Board of Agrement BBA Assessors may occasionally need to use other sources to substantiate DEAP data entries Accredited or certified data The following should be borne in mind regarding use of product test data e Test certificates must clearly relate to the actu
37. filled 2 4 2 1 2 0 2 9 2 6 2 5 triple glazed air filled low E en 0 2 hard coat 2 1 1 7 1 6 2 6 2 1 2 0 triple glazed air filled low E en 0 15 hard coat 2 1 1 7 1 6 2 5 2 1 2 0 triple glazed air filled low E en 0 1 soft coat 2 0 1 6 1 5 2 5 2 0 1 9 triple glazed air filled low E en 0 05 soft coat 1 9 1 5 1 4 2 4 1 9 1 8 triple glazed argon filled 2 2 2 0 1 9 2 8 2 5 2 4 triple glazed argon filled low E en 0 2 hard 19 16 15 23 20 19 coat triple glazed argon filled low E en 0 15 hard 18 15 14 23 19 18 coat triple glazed argon filled low E en 0 1 soft 18 15 14 22 19 18 coat triple glazed argon filled low E en 0 05 soft 17 14 13 22 18 17 coat Windows and doors single glazed 4 8 5 7 Window with secondary glazing 2 4 Solid door exposed 3 0 Solid door between house and an unheated space semi exposed 1 71 Solid door between apartment and an unheated space semi exposed 1 36 Metal uninsulated garage door 5 9 130 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Notes 1 For roof windows with wooden or PVC U frames apply the following adjustments to U values Wood or PVC U frame U value adjustment for roof window W m K Single glazed 0 3 Double glazed 0 2 Triple glazed 0 2 2 For windows or roof windows with metal frames apply the following adjustments to U values Metal frames Adjustment to U value W m K Window Roof window Metal no thermal break 0 3 0
38. floor masonry external walls cavity fill or external insulation with dense plaster masonry separating walls with dense light heavy heavy heavy plaster masonry internal walls with dense plaster Medium high solid floor masonry external walls cavity fill or external insulation with dense plaster masonry separating walls with dense plaster masonry medium heavy heavy heavy internal walls with dense plaster High 107 DEAP Manual S11 Space and water heating Version 3 2 1 Space and water heating systems and their controls are those defined in Table 4 and should be determined by survey In any case where the survey is unable to determine heating system properties pessimistic values must be used For example if the boiler and controls cannot be accessed during survey then a non condensing pre 1998 boiler is assumed with no thermostats timers or zoning unless otherwise indicated by age band in Table 11 11 1 Hot water details and defaults If the hot water cylinder is accessible the storage volume should be measured using height and diameter measurements as per Table 2a If not accessible then the following defaults apply e Where electric immersion with night rate electricity assume 210L cylinder for houses and 135L for apartments e If heated by solid fuel boiler default at 145L e Otherwise default at 110L Table 11 Heating and hot water default parameters Parameter Value Hot
39. flues air vents extract fans and flueless combustion roomheaters the presence of a draught lobby number of storeys basic construction of the walls and the floor the draughtproofing on the windows and doors the presence of a mechanical ventilation system and any heat recovery component and results of a pressurisation test are to be identified during on site survey Building Elements The construction of the floors roofs walls doors and windows of a dwelling and any insulation are to be identified where practical during the site survey e The areas of each building element entered are the internal areas Appropriate default U values are set out in tables in this appendix Other U values may be used where substantiating evidence is available and retained on file along with detail of the U value calculations used 92 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 e Single doors can be assumed to have an area of 1 85m with double doors being twice that Appropriate default U values and a method for calculating a door U value are available in Table 6a DEAP multiplies the number of doors entered by 1 85m when using the default door area in existing dwellings e Window areas are measured on site Other window characteristics i e the orientation overshading type of glazing gap and frame material to be identified during site survey Window U values and solar transmittance are determined using the method outlined in Section 3 2 e Thermal bridg
40. for owner occupation e Sale e Private letting e Social housing letting e Grant Support e Other a brief description of Purpose of Rating should be entered in this case DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Calculation Procedures and Conventions DEAP consists of a series of tabs or modules with equations or algorithms representing the relationships between the factors contributing to the dwelling s energy performance Reference data tables accompany the DEAP software The BER Assessor should proceed sequentially through the individual tabs as follows leading ultimately to the display of results in the Results tab Tab Main user entry actions Visible calculated outcome Start Administrative details of the dwelling and As entered BER assessment including electricity Meter Point Reference Number MPRN new existing dwelling TGD L version construction date and dwelling type Property and Details of property client and Assessor As entered assessor details Dimensions Principal dimensions room in roof details Total floor area dwelling volume and living for existing dwellings area of living room area fraction The total energy usage is and number of storeys divided by the dwelling floor area to determine the Building Energy Rating Ventilation Structural and other ventilation Ventilation heat loss components and total characteristics electricity for fans heat gain from fans Air permeability compliance check w
41. glazed and some double glazed masonry main wall and timber framed wall in an extension main roof pitched and extension roof flat DEAP allows for the selection and entry of default U values for all heat loss element types for existing dwellings This is detailed in Appendix S On the Windows tab under Building Elements the following data is required for each window e The orientation selected from several orientation options North North East North West East West South East South West South and Horizontal e The area of glazing including the window glazing and frame e For heat loss purposes The relevant U value including glazing and frame and frame factors These can be defaulted for new or existing dwellings based on window description and frame type e For solar heat gain purposes The relevant shading frame window type and transmission characteristics e When non default U values are chosen for the windows glazing plus frame combined then non default solar transmittance must also be used _Non default data must be supported by acceptable certified documentation e For summertime overheating calculation purposes optional The relevant shading factors for blinds curtains and overhangs DEAP calculates the overall heat loss rate for glazing W K the effective collecting area on each orientation for solar gain purposes m7 a glazing ratio to floor area for daylighting purposes and a solar gain rate W m
42. gross area can be established reliably multiply it by ratio in Table H1 Zero loss collector efficiency no from test certificate or Table H1 H2 Collector heat loss coefficient a from test certificate or Table H1 H3 Collector performance ratio a1 No H3 H2 H4 Annual solar radiation per m from Table H2 H5 Overshading factor from Table H3 H6 Solar energy available H1 x H2 x H5 x H6 H7 Solar to load ratio H7 EnerUsage DistLoss H8 Utilisation factor if H8 gt 0 1 exp 1 H8 otherwise enter 0 in box H9 H9 if the cylinder is heated by a boiler and there is no cylinderstat reduce the utilisation factor by 10 Collector performance factor If H4 lt 20 0 87 0 034 x H4 0 0006 x H4 H10 else 0 604 0087 x H4 Dedicated solar storage volume Vs litres H11 volume of pre heat store or dedicated solar volume of a combined cylinder If combined cylinder total volume of cylinder litres H12 Effective solar volume Ver H13 if separate pre heat solar storage or a thermal store H13 H11 if combined cylinder H13 H11 0 3 x H12 H11 Daily hot water demand Va litres H14 Volume ratio Ver Va H13 H14 H15 Solar storage volume factor f Vet Va 1 0 2 x In H15 H16 Solar DHW input Q H7 x H9 x H10 x H16 H17 Note HwRegqt and Distloss are values in the main Water Heating tab HwReqt is the Hot water energy requi
43. heaters see section at end of table 3 Boiler efficiencies are all gross seasonal efficiencies 4 Inall cases refer to the HARP database rather than this table where HARP data is available Efficiency Responsiveness Heating System category CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS WITH RADIATORS OR UNDERFLOOR HEATING Gas boilers and oil boilers For efficiency use HARP database www seai ie harp if possible otherwise use efficiency from Table 4b Use Table 4c for efficiency adjustments Use Table 4d for responsiveness category Refer to Group 1 in Table 4e for control options and temperature adjustments due to control Micro cogeneration micro CHP See Appendix N Performance data to be obtained from HARP database www seai ie harp Use Table 4c for efficiency adjustments Refer to Group 1 in Table 4e for control options and temperature adjustments due to control Solid fuel boilers For efficiency use HARP database if possible otherwise use efficiency from this table For open fires with back boilers and closed roomheaters with boilers the efficiencies are the sum of heat to water and heat to room Refer to Group 1 in Table 4e for control options Manual feed independent boiler in heated space mineral or wood 60 2 Manual feed independent boiler in unheated space mineral or wood 55 2 Auto gravity feed independent boiler in heated space 65 2 Auto gravity feed independent boiler in unheated space 60 2 Open fire wit
44. heating is calculated using the Energy Requirements Group tab designed for calculating energy usage when space and water heating is provided by group heating with or without CHP The CO emission and primary energy factors for group heating are taken from Table 8 These relate to delivered heat e g the emission factor is given in units of kilograms of CO emitted at the generating plant per kWh of heat delivered to the dwelling For group boilers a default figure for the gross seasonal efficiency is given in Table 4a but if known the actual gross seasonal efficiency of the boilers should be used instead For CHP plant the efficiency is specified as the heat efficiency and the electrical efficiency these may be determined from the overall efficiency and the heat to power ratio if these are the figures available Default CHP efficiencies are provided in Appendix N where test data is not available DEAP assumes that dwellings with main space heating based on group heating schemes obtain their entire hot water requirement from the group heating scheme The entry for supplementary water heating used in summer in DEAP should be set to No where the dwelling s main heating system is a group heating scheme Note In the case of group heating with CHP both heat and electricity are produced and the CO emissions associated with the fuel burnt have to be apportioned to the two forms of energy In the DEAP calculation the emissions sav
45. in summer is set to no and the secondary water heating fuel type is set to none The efficiency of the main water heater is determined using equation G1 in Appendix G 5 Lighting and internal heat gains Lighting and Internal Gains tab Internal gains from appliances cooking and from the dwelling occupants metabolic gains are calculated based on the total floor area Water heating gains as outlined in the previous section are also calculated Lighting electricity consumption is calculated on the Lighting and Internal Gains tab as described in Appendix L Savings due to low energy lights defined in Appendix L are calculated Heat gains from lighting are calculated and added to the other gains Heat loss to the cold water network is calculated based on total floor area and subtracted from the above gains Gains from ventilation system fans are also included No useful gains are assumed from individual extractor fans Gains from heating system fans and pumps are accounted for later in the heating system part of the procedure Distribution System Losses and Gains tab 6 Solar heat gains Building Elements Windows tab and Net Space Heat Demand tab 6 1 Solar gains for glazed openings Solar gains and heat use are calculated on a monthly basis The average daily heat gain through windows and glazed doors is calculated for each month from Goolar 0 9 x Ay x S xg x FFxZ e Goolar is the averag
46. internal temperature and dwelling thermal mass Net Space Heat Demand tab 7 1 Heating schedule The heating hours and required internal temperatures in DEAP are based on the requirements of a typical household The schedule is as follows Weekdays 07 00 to 09 00 and 17 00 to 23 00 Weekends 07 00 to 09 00 and 17 00 to 23 00 This standardised schedule represents a total heating period of 56 hours per week The required set point internal temperatures during heating periods are Living area 21 C Rest of dwelling 18 C During heating hours the required mean internal temperature of the dwelling is calculated as the average of the set point temperatures in the living area and in the rest of the dwelling weighted by floor area 31 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 7 2 Living area fraction The living area fraction is the floor area of the living area divided by the total floor area of the dwelling and is defined in Section 1 7 3 Internal heat capacity DEAP includes a calculation based on IS EN 13790 2004 to assess a dwelling s capacity to store heat within its structure represented by internal heat capacity Internal heat capacity will tend to have two opposing effects in relation to space heat demand on the Net Space Heat Demand tab e Disadvantageous Under normal intermittent heating conditions a higher internal heat capacity heavier structure will tend in heating up and cooling down to respond more slowly
47. may be rounded to 0 1m e Small bay windows small porches small door entrances or recesses small chimney breasts where they affect the total floor area by less than 10 overall can all be ignored for the purposes of total floor area measurement Bay windows chimney breasts and other small areas within the living room area must be included in the living room area measurement e Where a specific floor wall or roof area within a dwelling represents less than 10 of the respective total floor wall or roof area of the dwelling then the differences in construction or U value can be ignored and the smaller area subsumed within the larger area e Where the differences in U values are less than 05 W m K then the elements can be combined and the U value of the larger area adopted e g the difference between 0 29 and 0 25 is 0 04 and therefore whichever represents the larger area is used whereas difference between 0 30 and 0 25 is not less than 0 05 so the areas should be entered separately with their respective values All heat loss areas and all floor areas are based on internal measurements On site measurements may be internal or external provided they are converted to internal measurements when the respective heat loss areas are calculated for entry in the DEAP software Storey heights are entered into the DEAP software in accordance with the DEAP methodology that is for a one storey dwelling the storey height is the height from the top
48. modifies the temperature of the living area during heating hours and is entered into the appropriate cell of the Distribution System Losses and Gains tab Temperature Reference to adjustment other possible C adjustments Control Type of control category GROUP 1 BOILER SYSTEMS WITH RADIATORS OR UNDERFLOOR HEATING No time or thermostatic control of room temperature 1 0 6 Table 4c Programmer no room thermostat 1 0 6 Table 4c Room thermostat only 1 0 Table 4c Programmer room thermostat 1 0 Table 4c Programmer at least two room thermostats 2 0 Table 4c Programmer room thermostat TRVs 2 0 Table 4c Programmer TRVs likely to include bypass 2 0 Table 4c Programmer TRVs flow switch 2 0 Table 4c Programmer TRVs boiler energy manager 2 0 Table 4c Time and temperature zone control 3 0 Table 4c Adjustments for features of control systems applicable to any control option above and in addition to the adjustments selected above Delayed start thermostat one of the above 0 15 n a Load or weather compensation one of the above 0 Table 4c Temperature control of water heating cylinder stat n a n a Tables 2 and 3 Time control of water heating separate ija n a Table 2 programming Adjustments for features other than controls Temperature adjustment for CPSU n a 0 1 n a 125 DEAP Manual or integrated thermal stores Underfloor heating n a n a GROUP 2 HEAT PUMPS WITH RADIATORS
49. of North and the value under Horizontal for all other orientations If the pitch is 70 degrees or greater treat it as if it is a vertical window Source Calculated from Met Eireann data Table 1c Solar flux for summer period W m North 78 NE NW 93 E W 111 SE SW 115 South 110 Horizontal 185 Notes 1 These values are averages for Jun Aug 2 This table is not required for a DEAP rating calculation it is for use in the optional assessment of internal temperature in summer see Appendix P 113 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 2 Factors to be applied to losses for cylinders thermal stores and CPSUs Source SAP 2005 Type of water storage Temperature Factor for manufacturer s declared loss for calculated loss Cylinder immersion main water heater 0 60 0 60 Cylinder indirect 0 60 2 0 60 2 Store volume 115 litres 0 82 Storage combi boiler primary store n a Store volume lt 115 litres 0 82 0 0022 x 115 V Store volume 115 litres 0 60 Storage combi boiler secondary store n a Store volume lt 115 litres 0 60 0 0016 x 115 V Hot water only thermal store 0 8999 1 0899 Integrated thermal store and gas fired CPSU 0 8999 1 0899 Electric CPSU winter operating temp 85 C 1 09 1 90 C 1 15 1 95 C 1 21 1 1 Plate heat exchanger in a group heating system Notes a Multiply Temperature Factor by 1 3 if a cylinder thermostat is absent b
50. of ducting may be flexible ducting rigid ducting or both The configuration should include the number of rooms where the ventilation system is extracting air for example kitchen 3 wet rooms Positive input ventilation is a fan driven ventilation system providing ventilation to the dwelling typically from the loft space The DEAP calculation procedure for systems using the loft to pre heat the ventilation includes 20 m h ventilation rate The energy used by the fan counterbalances the effect of using slightly warmer air from the loft space compared with outside air Some positive input ventilation systems supply the air directly from the outside and the procedure for these systems is the same as for mechanical extract ventilation 19 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Mechanical extract ventilation MEV refers to a fan driven ventilation system extracting air from the dwelling The mechanical ventilation system fans do not provide fresh air The DEAP calculation is based on a throughput of 0 5 air changes per hour through the mechanical system plus infiltration Mechanical extract ventilation is available in continuously running centralised systems or in continuously running decentralised systems The calculation requires information on specific fan power SFP of mechanical ventilation fans Default data are provided in Table 4g Alternatively values based on tests may be used subject to conditions for acceptance of test data for specific fan powe
51. of each openable section when determining the percentage draught stripping The Assessor may identify the number of openings with draught stripping and divide this by the total number of openings in the dwelling Openings include openable windows doors and attic hatches between the dwelling and unheated spaces or open air 18 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 the width of the obstacle or the combined width of several obstacles subtends an angle of at least 60 within the central 90 when viewed from the middle of the wall of the dwelling that faces the obstacle see Figure 2 1 Where the obstacle is very close to or adjoining the dwelling side for example an adjoining unheated outhouse the object should be the same height as the dwelling and at least half the width of that dwelling side Where there is more than one obstacle providing shelter on a single side their width can be combined to subtend the aforementioned 60 angle Only this angle counts Obstacle It must be at least 60 within the central 90 at the wall centre Dwelling Figure 2 1 Shelter angle Two partially sheltered sides should be counted as one sheltered side Architectural planting does not count as shelter unless it actually exists even though shown as mature trees on drawings Any party wall should be counted as a sheltered side once it meets the criteria above 2 6 Mechanical ventilation Balanced whole house mechanical ventilation is a
52. or very little lt 20 1 0 Notes Overshading must be assessed separately for solar panels taking account of the tilt of the collector Usually there is less overshading of a solar collector compared to overshading of windows for solar gain Table 6d The overshading factor for the installed solar collectors must be chosen from this table 74 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 H2 Group Solar DHW Where solar panels are used in a group heating system the total collector area and the total dedicated solar store volume should be divided between the dwellings in proportion to the total floor area of the dwellings these can be rounded to the nearest 0 01 m and 1 litre Example A block of 24 flats eight with floor area of 50 m and 16 with floor area of 60 m Total aperture area of solar panels is 40 m and the total solar storage volume is 1000 litres The small flats are each assigned 1 47 m and 37 litres and the larger flats 1 76 m and 44 litres The Assessor should keep a record of the relevant group heating system details used in carrying out this calculation total floor area number of dwellings etc The calculation is done as described in H1 for single systems with the above parameters and the orientation pitch and overshading of the panels set at values representative of the whole installation Usually the solar store is separate and the arrangement is equivalent to that of diagram a in Figure H2 The sol
53. provided by the supplementary electric water heating Supplementary electric water heating should be specified where the main water heater is incapable of providing water heating without space heating as detailed in Section 4 6 Smoke control areas also called coal restricted areas can be identified using the facility under http maps epa ie or following guidance on the Department of Environment Community and Local Government website Individual Local Authorities may have further details Outside Smoke Control Areas 40 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 any fuel can be used subject to the manufacturer s instructions for the appliance concerned Within Smoke Control Areas guidance under http www irishstatutebook ie 2000 en si 0278 html should be followed The fuel chosen based on the above guidance will not always be the same as the fuel specified in accredited test data or the HARP listing for the appliance The following guidance applies when using test data e Ifthe appliance fuel type in DEAP matches the test data fuel type then the gross efficiency is used if it is shown on the test certificate or on HARP HARP always lists gross seasonal efficiencies e Ifthe appliance fuel type in DEAP matches the test certificate fuel type but the test certificate only shows the net efficiency then the net gross conversion described in Appendix E must be applied see Table E4 e Ifthe appliance fuel type in DEAP is solid multifuel then the Ass
54. pumps with electrically driven compressors Heating mode Testing and requirements for marking for space heating units withdrawn 1997 Air Conditioners Liquid Chilling Packages and Heat Pumps with Electrically Driven Compressors Heating Mode Testing and Requirements for Marking for Sanitary Hot Water Units Terrestrial Photovoltaic PV modules with Crystalline Solar Cells Design Qualification and Type Approval Thin film terrestrial photovoltaic PV modules Design Qualification and Type Approval Glass in Building Determination of Luminous and Solar Characteristics of Glazing Cylinder losses Solid fuel room heater testing Solid fuel room heater testing Wood pellet appliance testing Solid fuel boiler testing Heat pump testing Heat pump testing Heat pump testing water heating Photovoltaic testing Photovoltaic testing Glazing solar transmittance Note that some of the standards listed above may not necessarily be shown on test certificates but are cross referenced by other standards shown on the test certificates For example a test cert for window thermal performance may list EN 14351 1 rather than EN10077 2 As EN14351 1 references the relevant standards for window U value and solar transmittance such as EN410 and EN10077 2 it may be used for the purposes of BER assessments provided the test certificate is produced by a body with the required accreditation as outlined in the General Principles
55. relate to heat transferred to water and are calculated with the cooker burner turned off When undertaking the efficiency test record input power net at full load conditions Dinputnet in kW heat transfer to the water under full load conditions Dwater in KW flue loss net under full load conditions Opuene in KW according to the method given in I S EN 304 or other method assured by the independent test laboratory as providing comparable results for the product under test Note Independent test laboratory is qualified in D6 b 2 Calculate the gross seasonal efficiency according to D2 using the appropriate equation for a regular boiler 3 Calculate the case heat emission at full load from Daease Dinputnet water Ouenet where water is the heat transferred to water under full load conditions Mruenet is the flue gas loss measured according to I S EN 304 4 If Oase exceeds either of 0 05 x Dwater or 1 KW reduce Dease to 0 05 X Dwater or 1 KW whichever is the smaller 5 Provide the values of Ocase and Dwater in KW as part of the test report D6 Declaring gross seasonal efficiency and heat emission from the case for twin burner range cooker boilers Manufacturers wishing to declare their products gross seasonal efficiencies and case emission values for the specific purposes of calculating DEAP ratings can do so provided that a They use the calculation procedure given in D5 above and b The necessary
56. sized for the space where it is installed taking into consideration the flow and return temperatures of the heating system and the mean water to air temperature of the emitter The resulting system operating temperature should be clear in the design specification if being used as evidence for DEAP assessments The temperatures assumed in this guidance are based on Heating and Domestic Hot Water Systems for dwellings Achieving compliance with Part L 2008 available on www environ ie 124 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 4d Heating responsiveness category for wet systems with heat supplied to radiators or underfloor heating Responsiveness Heat emitter p category Systems with radiators standard or fan coil or low temperature 1 Underfloor heating wet system pipes in insulated timber floor 1 pipes in screed above insulation 2 pipes in concrete slab 4 Where underfloor heating in concrete slab and radiators are both in use then responsiveness category is defined as follows a responsiveness category is 2 if the room defined as the living area is heated using radiators b otherwise responsiveness category is 3 See Table 4a for electric underfloor heating responsiveness Table 4e Heating system controls 1 Use Table 4a to select appropriate Group in this table 2 Control category is entered into the appropriate cell of the Distribution System Losses and Gains tab 3 The Temperature adjustment
57. storage vessels for the purposes of DEAP assessments The storage vessel diameter may be determined based on vessel circumference dividing the circumference by n 3 14 before following step a above Diameter should not include insulation thickness Alternatively the hot water storage vessel volume may be determined from a label on the vessel provided the label also references a European or national standard such as BS1566 or IS161 Where the hot water storage vessel is inaccessible documentary evidence from the installer developer architect or engineer identifying the volume of the installed vessel may be used Where none of the above options are available the vessel volume may be assumed from the defaults in DEAP Appendix S section 11 1 Where multiple hot water cylinders are present in a dwelling the average insulation thickness is determined using the weighted volume of each cylinder Table 3 Primary circuit losses System type kWh year Electric immersion heater 0 Boiler with uninsulated primary pipework and no cylinder thermostat 1220 Boiler with insulated primary pipework and no cylinder thermostat 610 Boiler with uninsulated primary pipework and with cylinder thermostat 610 Boiler with insulated primary pipework and with cylinder thermostat 360 Combi boiler 0 CPSU including electric CPSU 0 Boiler and thermal store within a single casing cylinder thermostat present 0 Separate boiler and thermal store connec
58. than a lighter structure and hence will maintain a higher internal temperature during heating off periods This will result in a higher daily mean internal temperature in the dwelling and since gross daily demand for heat is reflected in the difference temperature lift between internal and external temperature will increase the gross demand for space heating e Advantageous A higher internal heat capacity offers a higher potential to store heat from free heat sources internal gains and solar gains Such free heat is irregular in its pattern of availability and thus not necessarily useful in contributing to the scheduled heating requirements of the dwelling By storing a higher proportion of such irregularly received heat a higher internal heat capacity structure allows that heat to be retained and released at times when it can make a useful contribution to the scheduled heating needs This is reflected in the DEAP procedure in the form of a higher utilisation factor being applied to the free heat gains Whether or not the net effect of internal heat capacity is beneficial thus depends on the relative extent of these two effects see Section 8 The position of insulation affects the internal heat capacity of a construction If a masonry component is insulated internally the masonry will not contribute internal heat capacity but if insulated externally it will The internal heat capacity of a building element wall roof fl
59. the Water Heating tab 33 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 These calculations are completed on the Energy Requirements tab Individual in the case of dwellings served by individual heating systems or on the Energy Requirements tab Group in the case of dwellings served by group or group heating schemes All heat sources using combustion must have the gross seasonal efficiency specified The conversion from net efficiency to gross efficiency is specified in the relevant appendices The calorific value of a fuel is the heat released when one kilogram of the fuel is burnt completely in excess air under specified conditions and the combustion products cooled back down to the initial room temperature If the water vapour in the combustion products remains as vapour the heat released is the net calorific value but if it is condensed to liquid water releasing its latent heat of vaporisation the total heat released is the gross calorific value 9 1 Heating systems It is assumed that the dwelling has heating systems capable of heating the entire dwelling Calculations are on the basis of a main heating system and secondary heaters as described in Appendix A this Appendix also covers whether secondary heating is to be specified or not The apportionment of heat supplied from the main and secondary systems is given in Table 7 Appendices A F and N Direct acting electric heaters should be selected for
60. the distribution network then the total heat supplied to the network from the energy source s divided by the sum of the heat delivered from all the network connections either to whole buildings or individual apartments measured over a one year period the same period for both or b by the formula 1 linear loss x total length of pipework total heat supplied x 114 where e linear loss is the average heat loss per metre run of pipework in W m calculated in accordance with ISO 12241 equations 8 and 9 e total length of pipework is the length of the distribution system pipes for the whole scheme in metres e total heat supplied is the heat supplied from the energy centre s to the distribution network over a whole year in MWh year e 114 converts MWh year to W If the distribution loss factor cannot be calculated from scheme data using the methods above a value of 1 5 should be used Electrical Energy for pumping Energy associated with the electricity used for pumping water through the distribution system is allowed for by the DEAP software DEAP adds electrical energy equal to 1 of the thermal energy required for space and water heating C2 Group heating schemes that recover waste heat from power stations This includes waste heat from power stations rated at more than 10 MW electrical output and with a power efficiency greater than 35 Otherwise the system should be considered as CHP For group schem
61. the most likely non wood fuel type should be selected based on a the appliance design and b the dwelling location taking account of smoke control areas and fuels common in the area 4 Ifthe fuel type is still unresolved multi fuel should be selected The following table summarises the information above Scenario Wood logs Manufactured One of house coal sod Solid multi pellets smokeless fuel peat peat briquettes or fuel chips anthracite Appliance can only burn wood fuels X x x x Appliance can only burn a particular xX X fuel X i fuel xX coal or peat based product select ue type as select ue type as appropriate appropriate Appliance can burn multiple solid PP P xX X Select manufactured X Select one of these fuels X fuels but a particular non wood fuel is the most commonly available or smokeless fuel when dwelling when dwelling is in non smoke applicable fuel in the area is in smoke control area and control area and that fuel is the appliance can burn clearly the most commonly multiple fuels available fuel in the area All other scenarios X X X X Independent boilers that provide domestic hot water usually do so throughout the year With open fire back boilers or closed roomheaters with boilers an alternative system such as an electric immersion may be provided for heating water in the summer DEAP assumes that a fraction 0 33 of the annual water heating is
62. underfloor heating Efficiency data for central heating pump power can be obtained from pump energy labels as detailed in DEAP Table 4f e boiler with fan assisted flue in individual heating systems fuel and flue pump for oil boilers e warm air heating system fans warm air ducted to rooms rather than via a wet heating system Note that the presence of fan coil radiators where an electric fan draws heat from the radiator to the room should be recorded as a warm air heating system in the DEAP distribution system losses and gains tab e whole house mechanical ventilation e keep hot facility electric for gas combi boilers e Solar water heating pump e Group heating electrical pump energy as detailed in Section C1 1 The standard tariff is the on peak rate unless the heating and or hot water uses an off peak tariff Note that the allowance in this section for fan assisted flues only applies for boilers fan assisted flues for gas fires should not be counted Data are given in Table 4f 10 7 Electricity for lighting The electricity used for lighting is calculated in the Lighting and Internal Gains tab according to the procedure in Appendix L The calculation allows for low energy lighting provided by fixed outlets both dedicated fittings and compact fluorescent lamps on the basis of the proportion of the fixed outlets that have low energy fittings as defined in Appendix L The tariff applicable to lighting is the on peak rate
63. used as a starting point for calculating U values of similar walls with insulation provided evidence is available to substantiate the insulation levels used in any U value calculations As a simple example take a stone wall from age band B and add 50mm dins of insulation with thermal conductivity 0 035W m lt K Ains This example does not account for any extra cladding or plaster The resistance of the original stone wall is the inverse of the U value of 2 1W m7 K Retonewall 0 4762m7K W The resistance of the extra insulation is Rins dins Ans 0 05 0 035 1 429m K W Total wall resistance Rwat Rins R stonewall 0 4762 1 429 1 9052m K W Insulated wall U value Uwar 1 Rwatt 0 525W m K In cases where an existing cavity wall has been filled with insulation this method may be applied and requires the following information e the original default U value of the wall from Table 3 e the type and thickness of the newly added insulation preferably as identified on site and documented by the BER Assessor Alternatively using receipts or invoices as detailed in the survey guide e the thermal conductivity of the new insulation material used to fill the cavity taken from a certified data source as explained in Section 3 1 or from Table 12b Alternatively the U value may be calculated in full using the thermal conductivities and thicknesses of the different layers in the wall If the information above is unavailable then
64. values to different building elements as outlined in the following table Version 3 2 1 Age band Years of construction before 1900 1900 1929 1930 1949 1950 1966 1967 1977 1978 1982 1983 1993 TPO TI S OLA a gt 1994 1999 2000 2004 u 2005 onwards without BER certificate already This table is for reference only Default U values must be taken from Tables S3 4 S5 S7 S8 and S9 Table 2 Building Regulations summary Year of Applicable age band U values W mK regulations Roof Wall Floor 1976 Draft F 0 4 1 1 0 6 1981 Draft G 0 4 0 6 0 6 1991 H3 0 35 0 55 0 45 0 6 1997 0 35 0 55 0 45 0 6 2002 J 0 25 0 37 0 37 U values for overall heat loss method used where available At all times non default U values are used where sufficient evidence is available Where it is clearly evident for age band F or G that the roof is uninsulated the walls and floors are to be treated as if they were in age band E and are also uninsulated unless contrary evidence is available For age bands H and I 45 ground floor 6 exposed semi exposed floor 95 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 S6 Constructional types and U values U values of construction elements are determined from the constructional type and date of construction U values are assessed separately for the main part of the dwelling and for
65. water cylinder insulation if not accessible Age bands A to G none Age band H 25 mm foam factory applied insulation or equivalent Age bands or J 35 mm foam factory applied insulation or equivalent Insulation of primary pipework No Space heating circulation pump for wet systems Within heated space Hot water separately timed separate temperature control Age bands A to no Age band J yes Boiler interlock Assumed present if there is a room thermostat and for stored hot water systems a cylinder thermostat Otherwise not present Solar collector If solar collectors are present the following data can be used for any unavailable parameters total aperture area of all collectors 3 m no and or ai from Table H1 facing South pitch 30 modest overshading combined cylinder dedicated solar part one third of total or if a combi boiler the cylinder identified is a dedicated solar cylinder pump is not solar powered Photovoltaics If PV collectors are present the data for unavailable parameters are PV area is roof area for heat loss times percent of roof area covered by PVs and if pitched roof divided by cos 35 kWp is 0 06 x PV area facing South pitch 30 modest overshading Group heating scheme If details cannot be ascertained they are defaulted to system based on mains gas fired boiler efficiency 80 piping installed before 1990 pre insulated
66. 0 70 75 45 55 75 75 Version 3 2 1 n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 4b Gross seasonal efficiency for gas and oil boilers 1 This table is intended only for gas and oil boilers where the HARP efficiency is not available 2 The table shows seasonal efficiencies for space heating The same seasonal efficiencies should be assumed for water heating when hot water is supplied from a boiler system 3 See Appendix B for guidance on boiler classification 4 Apply efficiency adjustments in Table 4c if appropriate 5 See Table 4d for responsiveness category Boiler Efficiency Gas boilers including LPG 1998 or later Non condensing including combis with automatic ignition 73 Condensing including combis with automatic ignition 83 Non condensing including combis with permanent pilot light 69 Condensing including combis with permanent pilot light 79 Back boiler to radiators gas fire as secondary heating 65 Gas boilers including LPG pre 1998 with fan assisted flue Low thermal capacity 72 High or unknown thermal capacity 68 Combi 70 Condensing combi 83 Condensing 83 Gas boilers including LPG pre 1998 with balanced or open flue Wall mounted 65 Floor mounted pre 1979 55 Floor mounted 1979 to 1997 65 Combi 65 Back boiler to radiators gas fire as secondary heating 65 Combined Primary S
67. 0 Wall ties stainless steel 7900 17 000 Wall ties galvanised steel 7800 50 000 Mortar protected 1750 0 880 Mortar exposed 1750 0 940 External rendering cement sand 1800 1 000 Plaster gypsum lightweight 600 0 180 Plaster gypsum 1200 0 430 Plasterboard 900 0 250 Natural Slate 2500 2 200 Concrete tiles 2100 1 500 Clay tiles 2000 1 000 Fibre cement slates 1800 0 450 Ceramic tiles 2300 1 300 Plastic tiles 1000 0 200 Asphalt 2100 0 700 Felt bitumen layers 1100 0 230 Timber softwood 500 0 130 Timber hardwood 700 0 180 Wood wool slab 500 0 100 Wood based panels plywood chipboard etc 500 0 130 Basalt 2850 3 500 Granite 2600 2 800 Limestone soft 1800 1 100 Limestone hard 2200 1 700 Marble 2800 3 500 Sandstone 2600 2 300 139 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 12b Thermal conductivity of some common insulation materials Thermal conductivity values for common insulation materials from this table may be used in existing and new provisional BER assessments where certified data is not available Thermal Density conductivity A Item kg M3 W mK Expanded polystyrene EPS slab HD 25 0 035 Expanded polystyrene EPS slab SD 15 0 038 Extruded polystyrene 30 0 029 Mineral fibre wool quilt 12 0 044 Mineral fibre wool batt 25 0 037 Phenolic foam rigid 30 0 025 Polyurethane board unfaced 32 0 023 Polyurethane foam 30 0 028 Polyisocyanate 45 0 030 Polyisocy
68. 3 1 W m2K o Solar Transmittance 0 76 e Double glazed windows installed in 2004 with a PVC frame o When using Table S9 for a 2004 window always assume glass is hard coated with en 0 15 12mm air filled gap o U value 2 2 W m2kK o Solar Transmittance 0 72 When an Assessor encounters retrofitted upgraded glass in an existing window frame they will most likely need to resort to the default window U values in DEAP Non default values are used where there is sufficiently evidenced information to carry out a calculation to EN10077 1 It is unlikely that EN10077 2 detailed calculation or EN12567 measurement would be feasible in this case S9 Living room area Living room is identified as per new dwellings and is recorded during survey 106 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 S10 Thermal mass category Thermal mass category may be based on the following defaults If the heat capacity is significantly different from the defaults the category must be determined using Table 11 or Section 7 3 It is based on internal partitions which must be identified during site survey as well as external elements Table S10 Thermal Mass Category Defaults Mass of construction elements Ground External Separating Internal Thermal Mass floor Walls walls Partitions Illustrative construction Category suspended timber floor timber steel frame walls plasterboard on light light Light light timber steel stud internal partitions Low susp
69. 5 litres or more the boiler is a storage combination boiler storage combi boilers are defined in Appendix D Section D1 10 Notes In the case of keep hot 1 If the keep hot facility is maintained hot solely by burning fuel use an appropriate loss for combi boiler from Table 3a and proceed with the calculation as normal 2 If the keep hot facility is maintained by electricity use the following approach a enter the appropriate combi loss from Table 3a to the appropriate cell in the Water Heating tab b enter appropriate electricity consumption from Table 4f to appropriate cell in Water Heating tab 3 In the case of an untimed electrically powered keep hot facility where the power rating of the keep hot heater is obtained from the HARP database the loss should be taken as Loss 8 76 x P kWh year where P is the power rating of the heater in Watts 4 The DEAP software will add the fuel use i e the ad ditional combi loss minus any associated electricity consumption to the fuel required for water heating and account for the electricity consumption in the electricity for pumps fans etc category on the Energy Requirements tab Source SAP 2005 116 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 4a Heating system seasonal efficiency space and water 1 The table shows space heating efficiency The same efficiency applies for water heating when hot water is supplied from a boiler system 2 For independent water
70. 8766 x 0 001 M3 Niurbines is the number of wind turbines e 1 9is a parameter representing the wind speed variation function e 8766 is the average number of hours per year e 0 001 converts from Wh to kWh If there is more than one turbine of differing hub height or blade diameter apply equation M3 to each and sum the annual electricity generation 3 The product of CP G and IE is 0 24 4 The area A is 0 25 x pi x rotor diameter 5 Average annual wind speed s should be taken from a calibrated anemometer located at the same height and position as the wind turbine Where this wind power data is not available then a default wind speed of 5m s may be used and adjusted as per Table M2 provided that e no part of the turbine blade dips below the level of the ridge of the roof if the turbine is roof mounted e there are no obstructions as tall or taller than the turbine hub within a radius of 10 times the hub height 1 From SAP Appendix M2 z www greenspec co uk html energy windturbines html accessed 15 September 2011 s Microgeneration Installation Standard MIS 3003 Requirements for contractors undertaking the supply design installation set to work commissioning and handover of micro and small wind turbine systems BRE Certification Ltd 2007 Equation M2 differs from that on the GreenSpec website by including IE This is included so as to provide the system output rather than the turbine output 5 I
71. Appliance thermostat programmer Programmer room thermostat Wwwwn O O O O O Room thermostat only GROUP 7 OTHER SYSTEMS 126 Table 4c Tables 2 and 3 Table 2 Table 4c Table 4c Table 4c Table 4c n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 No thermostatic control of room temperature 1 0 3 n a Programmer no room thermostat 1 0 3 n a Room thermostat only 1 0 n a Programmer room thermostat 1 0 n a Temperature zone control 2 0 n a Time and temperature zone control 3 0 n a Table 4f Electricity for fans and pumps and electric keep hot facility Equipment kWh year Heating system Central heating pump supplying hot water to radiators or underfloor system 130 Oil boiler pump supplying oil to boiler and flue fan 100 Gas boiler or gas fired heat pump flue fan if fan assisted flue 45 Warm air heating system fans 0 6 x V Keep hot facility of a combi boiler Electricity for maintaining keep hot facility keep hot facility controlled by time clock 600 keep hot facility not controlled by time clock 900 Ventilation system Mechanical extract ventilation SFP x 1 22 x V Balanced whole house mechanical ventilation fans SFP x 1 22 x V Positive input ventilation from loft space 0 Positive input ventilation from outside SFP x 1 22 x V Solar water heating pump Solar water heating pu
72. BER submission is placed in the Repair Queue on the NAS when the BER and or MPRN number submitted is incompatible with a record already held on the NAS Repairs can be found by clicking on the Repairable tab within the NAS account If the Assessor can identify the error they can discard the rating in repair and resubmit the rating after correcting it in DEAP and resubmitting the assessment to NAS If the Assessor is unable to identify an error and the numbers are correct they can await final determination of the status of the rating by the BER Administrator SEAI reviews the Repair Queue on a regular basis and resolves Repairable assessments as part of this review This may involve contacting the Assessor directly to help resolve the issue The DEAP software provides a number of lookups and webservices for the user such as e Address search based on MPRN Number requires registered Assessor login e Validation of BER number against NAS register requires registered Assessor login BER assessment upload and download to and from NAS requires registered Assessor login DEAP manual and technical bulletin access Table 2 hot water storage loss factor lookup Table 4 heating system controls lookup HARP database gas oil LPG lookup all other products listed on HARP are available under www seai ie harp Queries related to any aspect of the DEAP methodology may be addressed under the DEAP Frequently Asked Questions FAQ or BER Technical Bullet
73. CHEMES Efficiency 100 100 100 85 100 85 320 300 300 250 120 110 If known use manufacturer s declared certified efficiency instead of the value in this table Refer to Group 3 in Table 4e for control options Check Table 4c for efficiency adjustment due to controls Distribution loss allowed for separately see Table 9 Group heating boilers Also see Table 11 for existing buildings ELECTRIC STORAGE SYSTEMS Refer to Group 4 in Table 4e for control options Off peak tariffs Old large volume storage heaters Modern slimline storage heaters Convector storage heaters Fan storage heaters Modern slimline storage heaters with Celect type control Convector storage heaters with Celect type control Fan storage heaters with Celect type control Integrated storage direct acting heater ELECTRIC UNDERFLOOR HEATING Refer to Group 7 in Table 4e for control options Off peak tariffs In concrete slab off peak only 118 75 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Responsiveness category NNN NN From Table 4d From Table 4d From Table 4d From Table 4d From Table 4d From Table 4d NN WwWwWER RW DEAP Manual Integrated storage direct acting Integrated storage direct acting with low off peak tariff control Standard or off peak tariff In thin screed 45 60 mm above insulation In timber floor or immediately below floor covering WARM AIR SYSTEMS Refer to Group 5 i
74. D1 11 On off storage combination E 0 5 Efu Epart 2 8 0 209 x b x L x Ves 4p D1 12 Modulating storage SORA Ration E 0 5 Efu Epart 1 7 0 209 x b x L x Ves 4p D1 13 On off combined primary storage unit condensing and non conderising E 0 5 Eun Epa 0 539 X L X Va 4p D1 14 Modulating combined primary storage unit condensing and non condensing Table D2 5 Gross seasonal efficiency E for oil boilers Oil boiler type Equation D1 3 Regular E 0 5 Eru D1 7 Instantaneous combination E 0 5 Eu D1 10 Storage combination E 0 5 Erun Epart 2 8 0 209 x b x L Xx Vis 62 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 D3 Declaring values of gross seasonal efficiency Manufacturers wishing to declare their products seasonal efficiencies for the specific purposes of calculating DEAP ratings can do so provided that a they use the HARP calculation procedure given in D2 above and b the necessary boiler test data and the calculations are certified by a Notified Body accredited for the testing of boilers by an EU national accreditation service The Notified Body must certify that the full load and part load efficiency test results detailed in insert reference to report on the efficiency tests have been obtained by methods deemed to satisfy the Boiler Efficiency Directive Where a manufacturer declares the HARP gross seasonal efficiency it shall be expressed as
75. Figure H1 Examples of arrangements are given in Figure H2 These do not show all possible arrangements and the procedures in this appendix are applicable to any arrangements that follow the same principles Heat from Heat from boiler solar or immersion collector heater Cold store or Dedicated Domestic direct pre heat hot water cold storage storage _ These two storage types can be combined together into one store dual fuel or left as two separate stores Figure H1 Working principle of solar water heating V indicated by the dashed line is the dedicated solar storage volume See text below concerning the effective solar volume Vais the daily hot water demand c Combi boiler d Direct system Figure H2 Schematic examples of arrangements for solar pre heating 70 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Water from the cold supply is either fed directly or via a cold feed cistern to the preheat zone where it is heated by solar energy Then the water passes to the domestic hot storage separate hot water cylinder or upper part of combined cylinder which is heated to the required temperature by a boiler or an electric immersion There are three main types of solar collector unglazed the overall performance of unglazed collectors is limited by high thermal losses glazed flat plate a flat plate absorber which often has a selective coating is fixed in a frame between a single or double layer of glass and an insulation
76. Multiply Temperature Factor by 0 9 if there is separate time control of domestic hot water boiler systems only includes heat pumps c Multiply Temperature Factor by 0 81 if the thermal store or CPSU has separate timer for heating the store d Multiply Temperature Factor by 1 1 if the thermal store or CPSU is not in an airing cupboard e Where it is unclear if a storage combi boiler has a primary or secondary store assume primary store present Where none of the Table 2 notes apply the temperature factor and associated multiplier default to 1 Table 2a Calculation of hot water storage vessel volume Diameter mm Height mm Storage volume 300 1600 96 350 900 72 400 900 96 400 1050 114 450 675 84 450 750 95 450 825 106 450 900 117 450 1050 140 450 1200 162 450 1500 206 500 1200 190 500 1500 245 600 1200 280 600 1500 360 600 1800 440 114 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Notes Determine the hot water storage vessel volume using one of the following steps a Measure the height and diameter of the hot water storage vessel and choose the nearest height and diameter options from Table 2a to determine the volume in litres Insulation thickness should not be included in the height or diameter measurement when using the table above Table 2a is based on BS1566 and applies to copper cylinders however these figures may also be used for other types of
77. Section of the DEAP manual 47 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix A Primary and secondary heating systems A1 General principles The primary or main heating system heats the largest proportion of the dwelling This proportion is calculated using a count of the habitable rooms see A3 2 It is not usually based on individual room heaters although it can be and often provides hot water as well as space heating Main heating systems are categorised on the basis of generic types in Tables 4a and 4b Occasionally there may be two central heating systems for example two separate boilers used to heat different parts of the property In this case the calculation should be undertaken using the system that heats the largest part of the property In DEAP a main space heating and main water heating system and associated fuel for each must be specified at all times For example it may not be assumed that solar water heating is the main water heater in DEAP The secondary heating system is based upon a room heater Secondary heating system efficiencies are taken from the HARP database certified test data to the relevant standards or room heaters section of Table 4a A secondary heating system is to be specified if a the main system is not sufficient in itself to heat the dwelling to the temperatures used in DEAP or b fixed secondary heaters are present e g a gas fire a chimney and hearth capable of supporting an open fire or a solid fu
78. Single immersion 14530 762N V 80 10N 100 where V is the cylinder volume and N is the standardized number of occupants If these formulae give a value less than zero set the on peak fraction to zero Notes 1 Do not use this table to obtain the on peak fraction for an electric CPSU Use on peak fraction given in Table 7 2 Do not use this table for the on peak fraction for domestic hot water heated by a heat pump Use on peak fraction given in Table 7 Source SAP 2005 137 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 11 Thermal mass categories for the dwelling Category AmAf ranges Heat capacity per unit floor area Low High MJ m K UF IH Low lt 0 25 0 25 0 07 0 07 Medium low 0 26 0 75 0 14 0 09 Medium 0 76 1 50 0 20 0 11 Medium high 1 51 2 75 0 32 0 15 High 2 76 gt 2 76 0 50 0 20 AmAf Area of thermally massive elements divided by total floor area see Section 7 3 for further detail As an example any AmAf value between 0 26 and 0 75 is considered Medium low UF for calculation of utilisation factor IH for calculation of effect of intermittent heating Table 11a Thermally massive and thermally light constructions The layers given below are those nearest the internal surface of the construction Thermally massive constructions Dense plaster on clay brickwork or solid concrete blockwork Plasterboard on dabs on clay brickwork or solid concrete blockwork Plaster or plasterboard on dabs on hollow concrete
79. abitable rooms Habitable rooms are defined in Appendix A The floor and walls of heated basements are counted as heat loss surfaces as per IS EN ISO 13370 The floor above unheated basements is counted as a heat loss element The unheated basement itself is not counted as part of the dwelling Garages e should be included if heating is provided within the garage from the main central heating system e should not be included where the garage is thermally separated from the dwelling and is not heated by the central heating system Thermal separation of the unheated garage is detailed as follows e If the wall between the dwelling and the unheated garage is well insulated or the external garage wall is poorly insulated then the garage is unlikely to reach similar temperatures to the dwelling and is therefore thermally separated This garage is not included as part of the dwelling e f the unheated garage is likely to reach the same or similar temperatures as the dwelling then the garage should be included as it is not thermally separated This occurs when there is little or no insulation between the dwelling and garage and the garage external wall is insulated and has similar U values to the other external walls of the dwelling Attics e should be included if they are habitable rooms accessed by a fixed staircase e roof spaces even if within the insulated envelope i e where the roof insulation is provided at rafter level should not be inclu
80. above as above electricity generated by CHP 8 8 Notes 1 Current domestic fuel costs per kWh are available on http www seai ie statistics Cost calculation is not part of the BER assessment but may be done using the delivered energy values on the results tab determined during the assessment with data from Table 8 Table 10a and Table 10b where appropriate 2 Select the fuel for a solid fuel appliance as described in Section 10 3 3 A wood fuel should be chosen only if the appliance is designed to burn only wood i e if its design is such as to prohibit the use of any other fuel type 3 With electric off peak tariffs some of the consumption is at the off peak rate and some at the on peak rate The on peak percentages to be used are given in Table 10a the remainder being provided at the off peak rate 134 Version 3 2 1 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Deducted from emissions and primary energy Take factor from further up the table according to fuel burnt Bulk wood pellets should be specified as fuel for a main heating system only if there is adequate provision at least 1 5 m for storage of the fuel Biodiesel or bioethanol verified as being from renewable sources only Fuel type of biodiesel or bioethanol should not be selected if the appliance can burn any other fuel for example kerosene mixed with biodiesel or pure kerosene Fuel factors for biodiesel and bioethanol sourced from SAP 2009 The primary ene
81. above and divided by 65 For example where the boiler or heat pump is not controlled by a room thermostat a 40W pump with an A Energy Label Category from the European Association of Pump Manufacturers has an annual electricity consumption calculated as follows 67 6 40 65 41 6kWh yr Where multiple central heating pumps are installed then the BER Assessor enters the total electricity consumption for these pumps along with the number of central heating pumps installed When not using the default pump electricity consumption the BER Assessor must manually account for the presence or lack of the room thermostat as indicated in the sample calculation shown above Table 4g Specific fan power for mechanical ventilation systems SFP Type of mechanical ventilation system hes yp y W litre sec Balanced whole house mechanical ventilation with or without heat recovery 2 0 Mechanical extract ventilation or positive input ventilation from outside 0 8 The Energy Label Category refers to the value calculated for the pump under the Energy Labelling Scheme controlled by the European Association of Pump Manufacturers as outlined at http www europump org 128 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 5 Gains from fans and pumps Function Gains W Central heating pump in heated space 10 Oil boiler pump inside dwelling 10 Warm air or fan coil heating system fans 0 06 x V Balanced whole house mechanical ventil
82. ace heating is to be multiplied by the appropriate factor given in Table 4c this also applies to air source heat pumps A heat pump supplying heat to fan coil radiators or radiators specifically designed to run at a lower temperature than standard radiators has a higher efficiency adjustment factor than standard radiators Note that towel rails are ignored for the purposes of DEAP assessments G2 2 Direct acting air source heat pump A heat pump using ambient air as the source is subject to frost build up on the external coil and is very likely to have an integral electric heater to provide space heating while the external coil is being defrosted The use of this heater is allowed for in the SPF Air source heat pumps use standard electricity tariff Air conditioning heat pumps can be also used to heat air rather than wet heating systems These systems typically source their heat from external air and do not provide DHW Treatment of exhaust air heat pumps in DEAP is outlined on www seai ie ber G2 3 Heating controls Control options for heat pumps are given in Group 2 of Table 4e Note that a bypass arrangement is usually necessary with TRVs to ensure sufficient circulating thermal mass while the heat pump is operating Zoning arrangements or TRVs may not be appropriate for small domestic installations for this reason 69 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix H Solar water heating The working principle of solar hot water systems is shown in
83. actions Note that energy cost calculation is not part of the DEAP methodology 12 Building energy rating Results tab The procedure and software may be used to generate Building Energy Rating BER labels and BER Advisory Reports as required under the EPBD This provision applies to new dwellings from 1 January 2007 and to existing dwellings from 1 January 2009 The format and content of the BER label is detailed on www seai ie ber The energy rating ranges from G largest primary energy usage to an A1 rating lowest primary energy usage It is critical to note that multiple factors including dwelling dimensions orientation ventilation dwelling fabric water heating lighting space heating heating controls and fuel type influence the building energy rating and must all be considered when determining the actual rating and where potential improvements could be made 13 Building regulations Results tab DEAP allows the BER Assessor to demonstrate a new dwelling s conformance to certain sections of Building Regulations 2005 2011 TGD L This Part L conformance checking does not apply to existing dwellings 13 1 Building Regulations 2005 TGD L conformance demonstration DEAP performs the following checks for new dwellings where Building Regulations 2005 TGD L applies e Building Regulations 2005 TGD L specifies that the DEAP methodology is used to show that the Carbon Dioxide Emission Rating CDER of the dwelling
84. al product in question e Installation instructions in the test certificate on which the stated performance depends must be adhered to e Test certificates must be in English or be accompanied by a certified English translation The translation can be from the accredited test house or from a professional translator listed by the Irish Translators and Interpreters Association or international equivalent e The relevant test performance standard must be stated on the test certificate e The test laboratory must be accredited This may be demonstrated as follows o The governing accreditation body for the test laboratory can be found under http www european accreditation org This governing body may list the test laboratory as accredited o The accredited laboratory may be found under http ec europa eu enterprise newapproach nando e Performance data on CE marked literature is acceptable provided that the literature refers to the relevant test performance standard In cases where there is any doubt the test certificate should be sent to the BER helpdesk for clarification The BER Assessor s Code of Practice details the type of data which must be collected and retained for BER assessments U values walls floors roofs U values should be calculated on the basis of the actual construction for new and existing dwellings Thermal bridging linear thermal transmittance values There are three options for determining the ef
85. all type and age band U value from Table 3 Select wall type and age band in DEAP and tick wall is semi No detail available on semi exposed stone wall other than wall type exposed in DEAP DEAP selects U value from Table 3 and and age band automatically applies an Ru value Semi exposed uninsulated 100mm block wall between apartment and Select wall type in DEAP DEAP automatically selects U value from corridor Table S3a Original dwelling stone wall age band B retrofitted with drylining Identify U value from Table 3 2 1W m K and identify retrofitted plasterboard with 20mm insulation U value from Table 3b User enters resulting U value 1 05W m K 97 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 6 2 U values of roofs The U value assumed for a pitched roof with an insulated ceiling should where possible be based on the observed thickness of the loft insulation mineral wool according to Table 4 Table S4 Roof U values when loft insulation thickness is known applies to ceiling insulation between joists only Insulation thickness mm Assumed roof U value W m7K None 2 3 12 1 5 25 1 1 50 0 68 75 0 5 100 0 4 150 0 26 200 0 2 250 0 16 gt 300 0 13 If the insulation thickness is not known the U value should be taken from Table S5 Where there are loft areas with different insulation thicknesses enter each of these areas as separate roofs in DEAP or base t
86. anurate board lt 32 0 025 Polystyrene beads 16 0 036 Cellulosic insulation 43 0 042 Sources for Table 12a and Table 12b TGD L 2008 and 2011 CIBSE Guide A EN 10456 CE71 EST 140
87. ar storage in this case is not entered as a heat loss cylinder under Storage Losses on the Water Heating tab The Storage Losses entry is only for cylinders heated by heat sources other than solar heating A separate procedure for solar space and water heating is detailed in Appendix Q 75 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix J Gross seasonal efficiency for solid fuel boilers from test data This Appendix specifies how to obtain a gross seasonal efficiency from test data on a solid fuel boiler that is provided in the Home Heating Appliance Register of Performance HARP A HARP database record for a solid fuel boiler includes DEAP gross seasonal efficiency Fuel input heat to water and heat to room from test at full load kW based on gross calorific values Fuel input heat to water and heat to room from test at part load kW based on gross calorific values In the case where HARP data is not available then accredited certified boiler data to IS EN 303 5 can be used All efficiencies must be based on gross rather than net values To convert from net to gross efficiency multiply the net efficiency by the appropriate factor in Table E4 HARP data does not require this conversion as all efficiencies and values on HARP are based on gross calorific values Where test data or HARP data is not available for solid fuel appliances then default data may be taken from Table 4a J1 DEAP gross seasonal efficiency is given
88. art load efficiencies found in step 4 and p b V and L found in step 5 Round the result to one decimal place ie to nearest 0 1 Note the result as x for the purpose of the declaration in D3 Table D2 3 Boiler category table non condensing see D7 2 g condensing see D1 2 Za Eos 2a GasorLPG Oil amp Gas or LPG Oil HARP Equation numbers for different boiler types a F a S ai lt a Bill cos st N a x a aj G a a a ray ray go AK oe Ds oe AY oe Ag C Co me Go Cc al sa al sa Qqa sa al sa ev S43 ye 84 ils yl ta 6a 36 65 36 64 34 64 34 ee Oe ee eg Oe el a CON ov EL ov Ee ov ES ov Ew regular boiler see D1 4 D1 5 101 102 201 X X 101 102 201 X instantaneous combi boiler see D1 7 D1 8 D1 9 103 104 202 X X 103 104 202 X storage combi boiler 105 106 203 x X 105 106 203 x see D1 10 D1 11 D1 12 combined primary storage unit see D1 13 D1 14 107 107 X X X 107 107 X X 61 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table D2 4 Gross seasonal efficiency E for natural gas and LPG boilers Gas or LPG boiler type Equation D1 4 On off regular E 0 5 Erun Epart 2 5 4p D1 5 Modulating regular E 0 5 Efu Epart 2 0 4p D1 8 On off instantaneous combination Eq No 101 102 D1 9 Modulating instantaneous combination E 0 5 Eru Epan 2 1 4p E 0 5 Erun Epart 2 8 4p
89. at 0 64 0 70 Triple glazed Low E soft coat 0 57 0 70 Notes 1 The values are for normal incidence of solar radiation The transmittance values are multiplied by 0 9 both solar and light transmittance by DEAP 131 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 2 When the window U value is declared using certified data rather than from defaults the solar transmittance must also be obtained from certified data Ensure that such solar transmittance values relate to the glazing not the whole window In cases such as NSAI Window Energy Performance certificates or BFRC certificates where the solar factor for the entire window is given including frame as Qwindow and the solar transmittance g is unavailable then solar transmittance to be entered in DEAP 91 Jwindow Frame Factor 0 9 3 Solar transmittance is calculated by accredited sources using IS EN 410 If g is directly available from certified data to IS EN 410 such as on some NSAI Window Energy Performance or BFRC Certificates this is entered in DEAP instead of Qwindow Frame Factor 0 9 provided the certified U value is also available Light transmittance should always be taken from Table 6b irrespective of the source of the U value and solar transmittance Table 6c Frame factors for windows and glazed doors Frame type Proportion of opening that is glazed FF Wood 0 7 Metal 0 8 Metal thermal break 0 8 PVC U 0 7 Note If known the actual frame factor can be
90. athroom shaving mirrors should not be included in the count of lighting in the dwelling for either low energy lighting or conventional lighting In partially lit dwellings where fixed lighting is not present in every room an adjustment must be made to calculate the electricity demand for lighting correctly To calculate the lighting demand in a partially lit dwelling e the percentage of low energy fixed lighting outlets is calculated based on the actual lights installed e the result is multiplied by a correction factor Correction Factor Number of rooms with fixed lighting outlets Total number of rooms As an example take a dwelling with 10 rooms 6 rooms have fixed lighting 4 rooms have no fixed lighting In the 6 rooms that have fixed lighting there are a total of 12 fixed outlets 7 of these contain low energy bulbs Percentage of low energy fixed lighting outlets in the 6 rooms with fixed lighting 7 12 x 100 58 3 This must be adjusted to account for the fact that only 6 of the 10 rooms have fixed lighting Percentage of low energy fixed lighting outlets 58 3 x 6 10 35 80 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix M Photovoltaic PV technology and on site wind turbines M1 Energy from photovoltaic PV technology Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity It works during daylight hours but more electricity is produced when the sunshine is more intense a sunny day and is striking the PV module
91. ating system secondary space heating domestic hot water heating supplementary electric water heating electricity for pumps and fans including mechanical ventilation if present electricity for lighting e energy produced or saved from renewable and energy saving technologies 10 2 Fuel factors Primary energy factors and CO emission factors associated with different fuels are calculated using the data given in Table 8 Other primary energy or CO factors must not be used for the purpose of this calculation Since fuels have to relate to realistic heating systems it is important that practical combinations of fuel types are used The primary energy and CO emission factors in Table 8 account for energy used and emissions released at the dwelling and also take some account of energy used and emissions released in bringing the fuel or other energy carrier to the dwelling For example in the case of electricity they account for energy losses and emissions at power stations The primary energy and CO emissions factors for electricity are updated in DEAP as new National Energy Balance Figures are published 10 3 Main heating system fuel types The choice of fuel type from Table 8 should be appropriate for the particular heating system whether main or secondary Specifying the main heating fuel is usually straightforward but the following points should be borne in mind 10 3 1 Gas systems The choices are mains gas bulk LPG and bott
92. ation and the climatic region assumed for one or more scenarios the category from Table P3 for stated assumptions on occupant determined factors usage of blinds curtains and window opening If the orientation of the dwelling is not known the assessment should be for the orientation giving the greatest tendency to high internal temperature P3 Solar shading Zsummer iS given by Zsummer Zblinds Z Zoverhangs EE 1 P8 subject to Zsummer 20 1 Zolinds P9 where Zplinds is a Shading factor for blinds or curtains Z is the solar access factor from Table 6d Zoverhangs is a Shading factor for overhangs Table P4 gives values for Zotinas and Tables P5 and P6 give values for Zoverhangs If there are no overhangs Zoverhangs 1 P3 1 Curtains and blinds Unless specifically included in the design specification a default of dark coloured curtains should be assumed closed during daylight hours f 1 Shutters with window closed is compatible with windows open half the time in Table P1 as the latter refers to night time and Table P4 refers to daytime Table P4 Shading factors for blinds curtains or external shutters Blind or curtain type Zolind Net curtain covering whole window 0 80 Net curtain covering half window 0 90 Dark coloured curtain or roller blind note 1 0 85 88 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Light coloured curtain or roller blind note 1 0 60 Dark colour
93. ation fans SFP x 0 06 x V Notes a Does not apply to group heating b c Only for boiler providing main heating In addition to central heating pump but not if oil pump is outside dwelling If the heating system is a warm air unit and there is whole house ventilation the gains for warm air circulation should not be included in addition to the gains for mechanical ventilation V is the volume of the dwelling Source SAP 2005 The electric fan on fan coil radiators is recorded in the DEAP distribution system losses and gains tab 129 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 6a Default U values W mK for windows doors and roof windows The values apply to the entire area of the window opening including both frame and glass and take account of the proportion of the area occupied by the frame and the heat conducted through it Unless known otherwise double and triple glazing should be taken as air filled without low E coating If the U value of the components of the window glazed unit and frame are known window U values may alternatively be taken from the tables in Annex F of I S EN ISO 10077 1 using the tables for 20 frame for metal framed windows and those for 30 frame for wood or PVC U framed windows When available the manufacturer s certified U values for windows or doors should be used in preference to the data in this table Adjustments for roof windows should be applied to manufacturer s window U values unless the manufactu
94. be significantly greater than one Heat pump systems operate most efficiently when the source temperature is as high as possible and the heat distribution temperature is as low as possible Heat pump systems are categorised by the low temperature heat source used e g air water ground and the seasonal performance factors SPF given in Table 4a under Efficiency are the default values for systems using that source This is a simplified approach especially for ground source heat pumps where energy may be collected from the ground in a variety of ways e g using surface water from lakes or ponds using ground water from wells using fluid either refrigerant or a water antifreeze mixture circulated in closed pipe loops buried horizontally in shallow trenches or vertically in boreholes Values from the HARP database should be used where available If there is no SPF for the dwelling s heat pump listed on HARP then certified data from an accredited laboratory can be used to calculate the SPF The calculation method requires test certificates from IS EN14511 2 IS EN 255 2 or EN 15879 Full details of this calculation method as applicable to several types of heat pump are available in the HARP_Heat Pump Database Submission Notes Section 1 2 For Air to Water Brine to Water and Water to Water heat pumps where test data to IS EN 14511 2 is available then COPs measured at the test points detailed in the following table are averaged to obtain
95. blockwork Concrete or screed floor either bare laminated tiled carpeted or with wood laid directly on concrete screed Dense plaster on aerated concrete blockwork or aerated concrete slab Thermally light constructions Plasterboard ceiling below joists or rafters with insulation or air space between the joists Plasterboard wall with insulation behind timber frame walls and masonry walls with internal insulation fall in this category Plasterboard on dabs on aerated concrete blockwork or aerated concrete slab Suspended timber floor Windows and doors 138 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 12a Thermal conductivity of some common building materials Thermal conductivity values for common building materials can be obtained from Table 12a of the DEAP manual where certified data is not available Thermal Density conductivity A Item kg M3 W mK Clay Brickwork outer leaf 1700 0 770 Clay Brickwork inner leaf 1700 0 560 Concrete block heavyweight 2000 1 330 Concrete block medium weight 1400 0 570 Concrete block autoclaved aerated 700 0 200 Concrete block autoclaved aerated 500 0 150 Cast concrete high density 2400 2 000 Cast concrete medium density 1800 1 150 Aerated concrete slab 500 0 160 Concrete screed 1200 0 410 Reinforced concrete 1 steel 2300 2 300 Reinforced concrete 2 steel 2400 2 50
96. boiler test data and calculations are certified by an independent Test Laboratory notified under the Council Directive 92 42 EEC on efficiency requirements for new hot water boilers fired with liquid or gaseous fuels known as a Notified Body Where a manufacturer declares the seasonal efficiency and the case emission value it shall be expressed as Gross Seasonal Efficiency HARP x Case heat emission at full load y kW Heat transfer to water at full load z kW The values are used in the Irish Government s Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure DEAP for the energy rating of dwellings The test data was certified by insert name and or identification of Notified Body Data for several products may be presented in tabulated form where the last paragraph of the declaration should be incorporated as a note to the table 64 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix E Gross seasonal efficiency for gas oil or solid fuel room heaters This Appendix sets out the method to be used to determine the gross seasonal efficiency for gas oil or solid fuel room heaters Declared seasonal efficiencies acceptable for UK SAP calculations are also acceptable for DEAP calculations provided suitable substantiating evidence such as a test certificate is supplied BER Assessors are encouraged to source efficiency data for these room heaters from the HARP database E1 Efficiency determination Only test results obtained by one of the recognised meth
97. by room thermostat 130kWh year Boiler not controlled by room thermostat 169kWh year To calculate the annual energy consumption for standalone central heating pumps pump separate from boiler the following method is used Energy Label Category Annual Electricity Consumption kWh Boiler controlled by room Boiler not controlled by room thermostat thermostat A 52 67 6 B 78 101 4 C 104 135 2 Other Don t know 130 169 The default electricity consumption value in the DEAP software for each central heating pump is 130kWh yr where a room thermostat is installed Where the boiler is not controlled by a room thermostat the default electricity consumption per central heating pump is 169kWh yr When using the default value the BER Assessor must specify whether or not the boiler is controlled by a room thermostat The user has the option of entering a non default central heating pump electricity consumption figure in the following scenarios e Where there is an Energy Label for the installed pump from the European Association of Pump Manufacturers with a Label Category of A B or C the values from the table above are chosen For example a central heating pump with Energy Label Category of C has an annual electricity consumption of 104kWh yr where the boiler or heat pump is controlled by a room thermostat e Where the pump power is known the pump power is multiplied by the value selected from the table
98. calculations this will be reviewed in future if relevant data becomes available All normal fuel costs should be taken from www seai ie statistics The fuel price is calculated as pB x normal electricity price 1 B x exported electricity price 5 Where the PV array is mounted on the building concerned or wholly within its curtilage and its output is directly connected to the building s electricity supply the output calculated by M1 is included in DEAP under energy produced or saved In the case of a building containing more than one dwelling e g a block of flats then a if the PV output goes to particular individual flats the annual output is credited to the flats concerned b otherwise the total electricity generated is divided amongst all the flats in the block in proportion to their floor area In case a an inverter is needed for each flat with a PV electricity supply In case b there will usually be a single inverter for the total PV array and the electricity generated fed to the landlord supply or to the distribution system for the flats with provision for export of electricity generated in excess of instantaneous demand 81 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Note that electricity supplied to common areas in a development is not considered in DEAP assessments M2 Micro wind turbines on the dwelling or within its curtilage The procedure given below applies to small horizontal axis wind turbines directly connect
99. carried out by multiplying the efficiency by the appropriate conversion factor given in Table E4 if test results are not based on the Gross Calorific Values of the relevant fuel Table E4 Efficiency conversion factors Fuel Net to gross conversion factor Natural gas 0 901 LPG propane or butane 0 921 Oil kerosene or gas oil or other biofuels 0 937 Wood fuels 0 91 Solid multi fuel 0 94 65 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 E2 Declaring the efficiency of gas oil room and solid fuel room heaters Manufacturers declarations so calculated should be accompanied by the following form of words and should be accompanied by the associated test certificates from an accredited laboratory The gross seasonal efficiency of this appliance has been measured as specified in insert appropriate entry from Table E1 or Table E2 or Table E3 and the result is xJ The gross calorific value of the fuel has been used for this efficiency calculation The test data was certified by insert name and or identification of Notified Body The efficiency value may be used in the Irish Government s Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure DEAP for energy rating of dwellings Where net efficiencies are identified from test data they must be converted to gross efficiencies before use in DEAP assessments Appendix F Electric CPSUs An electric CPSU is a central heating system providing space and domestic water heating A thermal
100. ce heating the combination of boiler and room heater should be defined as the main heating system where the criteria in Appendix A are met it could also be the secondary heater if the boiler provides domestic hot water with or without space heating the overall efficiency should be used as the efficiency both for water heating and for the room heater room heater as main or as secondary heater 9 2 5 Direct Acting Electric Boilers A direct acting electric boiler also known as an electric flow boiler heats water for space heating radiators as it circulates Heat control options are identical to other radiator systems Water heating is usually by an electric immersion The cylinder can be within the boiler casing or it may be a separate cylinder The treatment in DEAP is the same for both of these cases 9 2 6 Heat Pumps Heat pump efficiency may be obtained from a The HARP database b Certified data from an accredited laboratory c Table 4a Calculation of heat pump Coefficient of Performance when certified data is used is detailed on www seai ie ber and Appendix G 9 2 7 Other heating systems For other systems the seasonal efficiency is taken from Table 4a For systems not covered by the table guidance should be sought from SEAI In cases where the burner unit is replaced a non default efficiency value from HARP SEDBUK 2005 or certified test data is not to be used Default efficiency should be selected from Table 4a or
101. cluded when determining the ground floor U value e The perimeter on a side adjoining the heated space of a neighbouring house would not be included in the total exposed perimeter when determining the ground floor U value e The perimeter on a side adjoining an unheated space e g garage of a neighbouring house would be included in the total exposed perimeter when determining the ground floor U value 6 4 U values of exposed and semi exposed upper floors To simplify data collection no distinction is made in terms of U value between an exposed floor to outside air below and a semi exposed floor to an enclosed but unheated space below and the U values in Table S7 are used based on Building Regulations Table S2 If the dwelling is of age band F or G but the roof of the dwelling is shown to have no insulation then all floors types must be assumed to be age band E no insulation where contrary evidence is not available 101 DEAP Manual Table S7 Exposed Semi exposed floor U values Age band U value W m K AtoE 1 20 F G 0 8 H 0 6 J 0 37 6 5 U value of floor above a partially heated space The U value of a floor above partially heated premises is taken as 1 0 W m K This applies typically for a flat Version 3 2 1 above non domestic premises that are not heated to the same extent or duration as the flat Where an existing dwelling is above a space heated to a different pattern than t
102. cluding primary circulation pumps and an auxiliary heater if present In the case of a ground or water source heat pump the fraction of electricity at the on peak rate is given in Table 10a with the remainder charged at the off peak rate Test results produced according to IS EN 255 3 IS EN 255 3 tests heat pumps for water heating to 50 C and an immersion heater may be used to raise the water temperature to the required delivery temperature For the purpose of the DEAP calculation it is assumed that 75 of domestic hot water heating is by the heat pump and 25 by the immersion heater in this scenario The average efficiency for water heating to be entered to the Efficiency of main water heater input cell of the Energy Requirements Individual tab when test results to IS EN 255 3 are available is 100 75 SPF 0 25 G1 b where SPF is the seasonal performance factor for the heat pump taken from the IS EN 255 3 test stated as a percentage Where the heat pump and immersion are providing hot water the option Is supplementary electric water heating used in summer is set to No as the immersion is incorporated in the average main water heating efficiency from equation G1a and G1b G1 2 DHW heated by heat pump without immersion heater Where the heat pump does not have an integral immersion and is designed to heat water to appropriate DHW temperatures the SPF of the heat pump for water heating is to be multipli
103. ctangular duct of equivalent size Vertical ducts with diameter less than 200 mm should be counted as flues The following are also counted as flues e achimney for solid fuel appliances with controlled flow of the air supply e a chimney with open fireplace and an air supply ducted from outside to a point adjacent to the fireplace a flexible flue liner sealed into a chimney a chimney fitted with a damper a chimney fitted with an open flue gas fire where the flue products outlet is sealed to the chimney a blocked up fireplace fitted with ventilators if ventilator area does not exceed 30 000 mm Open fireplace fitted with an enclosure or door to control air flow from the room to the fireplace with minimum open area below the equivalent of a circle of diameter 200mm Efficiency for this appliance is that of an open fireplace from Table 4a Ventilation rates should be entered only for open flues and should not be included for room sealed e g balanced flue boilers or room heaters A room heater is considered to be room sealed if it does not have any air exchange with the room 2 2 Intermittent Fans and passive vents Extract fans typically exhaust air from the kitchen bathroom via cooker hoods and other independent extractor fans Extract fans should be included in the number of intermittent fans category Those that form part of a whole dwelling mechanical ventilation system are treated separately see Section 2 6 and are not include
104. d still applies Rooms without heaters are assumed to be heated by electric room heaters The choice between primary and secondary heating is decided as follows 1 Count the number of habitable rooms including any living room sitting room dining room bedroom study and similar and also a non separated conservatory A kitchen diner having a discrete seating area also counts as a habitable room Excluded from the room count are rooms used solely as a kitchen utility room bathroom cloakroom en suite accommodation and similar any hallway stairs or landing and also any room not having a window For open plan dwellings count all spaces thermally connected to the main living area e g a living dining room as one room 2 If 25 or less of the habitable rooms are actually heated and are heated by a fuel other than electricity the assumed electric system is the primary and the other fuel is the secondary A heated room means one with a heat emitter in the room 3 If the number of habitable rooms actually heated is more than 25 but not exceeding 50 and there is one type of heater installed this heating system is the primary and the assumed electric heaters are the secondary Where there is more than one type of heater installed in this case Sections A1 and A2 apply when identifying the primary and secondary space heating systems 4 If more than 50 of the habitable rooms are heated the rules from Section A1 and A2 apply in identi
105. d here Passive stack ventilators an alternative to extract fans are included under intermittent fans and passive vents in the ventilation tab Such systems typically comprise extract grilles connected to ridge terminals by ducts and should be supplied with air bricks or trickle vents for balancing air ingress The number of extract grilles in the dwelling should be entered in DEAP Trickle vents or air bricks alone do not count as passive or background vents and should not be included provided the cumulative minimum open area per room is less than 3500 mm If the controllable vents in a room can be closed to less than 3500mm total they should not be included as passive or permanent vents These controllable vents may be manually or automatically controlled Permanent vents including non controllable trickle vents or background ventilation of cumulative open area in a room of 3500 mm or greater should be counted as passive vents Permanent vents of smaller cumulative area in a room should not be included in the calculation For permanent vents associated with chimneys flues see Section 2 1 above Permanently blocked vents should be ignored Examples e One vent ina room of minimum open area 3400mm is not included e Two vents in the same room with combined minimum open area of 5000mm are counted as a single vent in DEAP 2 3 Air leakage pressurisation test A pressurisation test also called a permeability test is completed by ins
106. d on the ACDs or must be certified as per TGD L 2011 Section 1 3 3 Certification of the detail by a member of the NSAI Thermal Modellers Certification Scheme is a means of meeting the requirements in TGD L and DEAP for calculation of Y values 77 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix L Energy for lighting The calculation of lighting use is based on the proportion of fixed low energy lighting outlets installed and on the contribution of daylight Allowing for fixed low energy outlets In Irish dwellings the average annual energy consumption for lighting per unit floor area Eg is taken as follows if no low energy lighting is used Es 9 3 kWh m year L1 DEAP includes a correction factor C for fixed lighting outlets with low energy lamps C 1 0 5 x Nie N L2 where Nie is the number of fixed low energy lighting outlets including sockets or complete luminaires capable of taking only low energy lamps and also low energy lamps fitted into ordinary lighting sockets and N is the total number of fixed lighting outlets Note In Equation L2 only fixed lighting outlets are included in Nig and N Movable lamps which plug into a mains socket are disregarded The equation is based on two thirds of the lighting energy consumption being via fixed lighting points and each fixed low energy lighting point achieving a saving of 75 over a point with a non low energy lamp 2 3 x 3 4 0 5 Daylighting Analysis of typical house typ
107. dary heating systems 48 Appendix B Gas and oil boiler systems boilers with a thermal store and range cooker boilers 51 Appendix C Group heating schemes 54 Appendix D Method of determining gross seasonal efficiency values for gas and oil boilers 58 Appendix E Gross seasonal efficiency for gas oil or solid fuel room heaters 65 Appendix F Electric CPSUs 66 Appendix G Heat pumps 67 Appendix H Solar water heating 70 Appendix J Gross seasonal efficiency for solid fuel boilers from test data 76 Appendix K Thermal bridging 77 Appendix L Energy for lighting 78 Appendix M Photovoltaic PV technology and on site wind turbines 81 Appendix N Micro cogeneration also known as micro CHP 84 Appendix P Assessment of internal temperature in summer 86 Appendix Q Special features and specific data 91 Appendix S DEAP for existing dwellings survey methodology and default data 92 Appendix U Submission of BER assessments 112 TABLES 113 Acknowledgements DEAP is the outcome of a development study completed for SEAI by a project team from the UCD Energy Research Group National Energy Services Ltd Rickaby Thompson Associates Ltd and Emerald Energy Much of the calculation procedure in DEAP the accompanying tabulated data and the documentation in this manual is drawn or adapted from the UK Standard Assessment Procedure SAP for Energy Rating of Dwellings 2005 2009 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Summary The Dwelling Energy Assessment Proce
108. ded unless they are habitable rooms accessed by a fixed staircase A habitable attic generally meets the following criteria e Part of the attic should be at least 2 m in height e The room should be finished A finished room typically has finished internal surfaces walls and ceiling are papered and or plastered and flooring rather than having exposed joists and rafters e Attic Room has lighting and possibly a window rooflight e Structural timbers not preventing free movement e Water cistern not present in the attic room In cases where an attic meets most of these criteria and is clearly and effectively employed as a habitable area by the occupants then it may be considered as habitable for the purposes of DEAP assessments For example a 1 95m high attic with bedrooms finished surfaces lighting windows no water cistern and no obstructive structural timbers is considered habitable Habitable attics accessed by a fixed staircase are included as a separate storey under dimensions in DEAP Where an attic s floor area is not included as part of the dwelling floor area e The attic floor space is not included in the floor area if the attic is open to the storey below i e with no door or partition wall around the attic stairs landing In this case the attic height is regarded as open to the storey below Therefore the storey below is treated as having a vaulted ceiling and it is considered to extend into the attic roof This resul
109. ding occupancy levels and durations of heating usage of domestic electrical appliances etc It is thus independent of the individual characteristics of the household occupying the dwelling when the rating is calculated for example e Household size and composition e Individual heating patterns and temperatures e Ownership and efficiency of particular domestic electrical appliances The procedure calculates and aggregates the monthly space heating energy balance for the October to May inclusive heating season DEAP then calculates the hot water energy demand based on dwelling size and accounts for heating system control responsiveness and efficiency characteristics fuel type and calculated lighting energy electricity requirement to determine the overall results A given dwelling specification will yield the same result in all parts of Ireland in respect of Building Regulations compliance and BER i e independent of dwelling location DEAP is based on the European Standard IS EN 13790 2004 and draws heavily on the UK s Standard Assessment Procedure SAP 2005 2009 Guidance in the DEAP manual must be followed by BER Assessors when completing assessments All BER Assessors must be fully familiar with the DEAP manual and the DEAP survey guide as published under www seai ie DEAP Frequently asked questions are covered under the BER FAQ www seai ie berfag along with regular updates and examples provided in Domestic BER Technical Bulletins under
110. dure DEAP is the Irish official procedure for calculating and assessing the energy required for space heating ventilation water heating and lighting less savings from energy generation technologies DEAP calculates the annual delivered energy consumption primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission for standardised occupancy The DEAP software contains equations or algorithms representing the relationships between the factors contributing to the annual energy performance of the dwelling The software is accompanied by a series of reference data tables The DEAP calculation is also available as a Microsoft Excel workbook on www seai ie ber DEAP is compliant with the methodology framework in the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive EPBD The DEAP calculation framework is based on IS EN 13790 and draws heavily on the calculation procedures and tabulated data of the Standard Assessment Procedure SAP for energy rating of dwellings in the UK DEAP is used to demonstrate compliance with the EPBD in Ireland including elements of the Irish Building Regulations Part L 2005 2008 and 2011 for new dwellings For Building Regulations 2005 TGD L the DEAP software calculates the Carbon Dioxide Emission Rate CDER of the dwelling and the corresponding Maximum Permitted Carbon Dioxide Emission Rate MPCDER expressed in units of kg CO2 per square metre per annum This provision applies to new dwellings built between 1 July 2006 and 1 J
111. e SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AUTHORITY OF IRELAND Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure DEAP VERSION 3 2 1 Irish official method for calculating and rating the energy performance of dwellings This document describes DEAP 2012 Version 3 2 1 dated June 2012 This version is applicable to new and existing dwellings Building designers energy rating Assessors and other users should ensure that they are using the latest version of this document and accompanying software Updates will be published on the SEAI website www seai ie ber Published by The Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Wilton Park House Wilton Place Dublin 2 Contacts t 1890 734237 e info ber seai ie w www seai ie ber DEAP Manual Contents Summary Introduction Scope of the Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure DEAP General Principles Calculation Procedures and Conventions 1 Dwelling dimensions 2 Ventilation rate 2 1 Chimneys and flues 2 2 Intermittent Fans and passive vents 2 3 Air leakage pressurisation test 2 4 Draught lobby 2 5 Sheltered Sides 2 6 Mechanical ventilation 3 Heat losses 3 1 U values of opaque elements 3 2 Window U values 3 3 U values of elements adjacent to an unheated space 3 4 Thermal bridging 3 5 Dwellings that are part of larger premises 3 6 Curtain Walling 3 7 Including glass block walls in DEAP 4 Domestic hot water 4 1 Hot Water Distribution Losses 4 2 Hot Water Storage Losses 4 3 Primary Circuit Los
112. e characteristics o and a related to aperture area are obtained from the test certificate c Table H1 The effective solar volume is in the case of a separate pre heat tank such as arrangements a or c in Figure H2 the volume of the pre heat tank in the case of a combined cylinder such as arrangement b in Figure H2 the volume of the dedicated solar storage plus 0 3 times the volume of the remainder of the cylinder Source CIBSE Solar Heating Design and Installation Guide inthe case of a thermal store hot water only or integrated as defined in Appendix B where the solar coil is within the thermal store the volume of the dedicated thermal storage inthe case of a direct system such as arrangement d in Figure H2 0 3 times the volume of the cylinder Arrangement d is entered as a combined cylinder in DEAP with no dedicated solar storage DEAP requires the dedicated solar storage value which may be calculated by the following means i Derived from indication of heating coil locations on a cylinder datasheet The datasheet may contain a diagram of the cylinder showing the location of the internal cylinder coils or location of upper and lower coil connections to the cylinder The dedicated solar storage applies to the volume of storage 71 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 ii iii iv below the coil lying directly above the solar heated coil If for example the combined cylinder is 300L and the connection
113. e is a central system that provides both space and water heating and it is capable of heating at least 30 of the dwelling select that system as the main heating system If there is no system that provides both space and water heating then select the system that has the capability of heating the greatest number of habitable rooms 2 Select the system that is cheapest to run if there is still doubt about the main system This can be determined by entering each system in DEAP and multiply the resulting delivered energy by the cost per kWh for the fuel type of that heating system The up to date fuel cost per kWh can be based on domestic fuel costs from www seai ie statistics or from fuel bills for the dwelling A3 Dwellings with inadequate heating systems A3 1 New dwellings The DEAP methodology assumes that a good standard of heating will be achieved throughout the dwelling For dwellings in which the heating system is not capable of providing the standard it should be assumed that the additional heating is provided by electric heaters using the fraction given in Table 7 but see also A3 3 For new dwellings that have no heating system specified it should be assumed that all heat will be provided by electric heaters using electricity at the standard domestic tariff A3 2 Existing dwellings Some existing dwellings have heaters only in a limited number of rooms In these cases the usual basis of calculation that the dwelling is fully heate
114. e not the same as ventilation heat recovery systems with efficiency data from SAP Appendix Q o Photovoltaics See Appendix M1 This section does not include technologies already specifically dealt with in the DEAP methodology such as ventilation heat recovery solar thermal for hot water CHP heat pumps wood fuel boilers 91 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix S DEAP for existing dwellings survey methodology and default data 1 Introduction The methodology in this appendix applies to existing dwellings and is not appropriate for new dwellings unless there are exceptional circumstances where dwelling plans and specifications are not available to supplement the dwelling survey The methodology consists of a system of data collection through an on site survey of the actual dwelling together with defaults and inference procedures as defined by the rules given in this Appendix to generate a complete set of input data for the DEAP calculation Some reductions in data requirements are specified for aspects having little effect on the rating or recommended improvement measures in order to simplify the survey process When conducting a dwelling survey Assessors should comply with all applicable health and safety legislation and should exercise due caution All site surveys are expected to be non intrusive wherever possible for example the Assessor is not expected to drill walls to confirm construction or to lift carpets and floor board
115. e solar gain in kWh m day for the orientation of a glazed opening e 0 9 is a factor representing the ratio of typical average transmittance to that at normal incidence e Awis the area of an opening a window or a glazed door m e Sis the solar radiation on a surface of relevant orientation from Table 1b kWh m day e gis the total solar energy transmittance factor of the glazing at normal incidence as entered in the DEAP software see Table 6b e FF is the frame factor for windows and doors fraction of opening that is glazed see Table 6c e Zis the solar access factor from Table 6d 30 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 This algorithm incorporates solar incidence data on differently oriented surfaces based on Met Eireann long term average records for Dublin Airport In the case of arrow slit windows where the width of opening at the external side of the wall is substantially less than the width of the window this should be taken into account by multiplying the frame factor by the ratio of the opening width at the external surface of the wall to the width of the window Solar gains should be calculated separately for each orientation and for rooflights and then totalled for use in the calculation East West orientation of windows may be assumed if the actual orientation is not known The solar access factor describes the extent that radiation is prevented from entering the building by nearby obstacles The over shading categories are de
116. east 7 of the 8 hours per day coincident with the dwelling s heating schedule outlined in Section 7 1 The adjoining premises should maintain this pattern for at least the 8 months of the heating season seven days a week outlined in Section 8 Otherwise option c below would be considered or b as heat loss elements to an unheated space if the spaces are unheated heated only infrequently or heated only to a low level or c as if they were external elements but with their U value halved if the spaces are heated to a different pattern to that dwelling e g commercial premises Section S6 5 of the DEAP manual applies a default U value of 1 0W m K for existing dwellings in the absence of supporting information for a non default U value 26 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Where the BER Assessor is unable to determine the nature of the neighbouring premises then conservative assumptions should be made For example if it is unclear whether a neighbouring heated premises is commercial or residential it should be assumed to be commercial 3 6 Curtain Walling Curtain walling is used sometimes for apartments and requires a special procedure to get the heat loss and the solar gains correct simultaneously The U value of curtain walling is that for the whole fa ade i e an average value including mullions transoms glazing and spandrel panels Calculations should be done by a entering the fa ade U value for the wall U value applied t
117. ed by one of the factors given in Table 4c depending on the standard used to test the heat pump and derive the SPF Where the heat pump has an integral immersion or the heat pump is not designed to reach appropriate temperatures for water heating G1 1 is followed G1 3 DHW heated by immersion only Where an immersion heater is used for heating all hot water then the main water heater is specified as an immersion as per Table 4a G2 Space heating requirement G2 1 Space heating from ground or water source heat pump A ground source heat pump system when the main heating system may consist of either a ground source heat pump sized to meet all space heating requirements or a combination of a ground source heat pump and a direct acting electric heater auxiliary heater A ground source heat pump system with an auxiliary heater to help meet the maximum demands has a lower SPF than one without an auxiliary heater Use the appropriate SPF given in Table 4a under Efficiency where data from HARP or certified data from an accredited laboratory is unavailable For ground and water source heat pumps using an off peak tariff the fraction of the electricity used for space heating at the on peak rate is given in Table 10a with the remainder charged at off peak rate 68 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 If the heat pump supplies heat to standard radiators regardless of whether there is underfloor heating present or not the heat pump efficiency for sp
118. ed by the CHP in displacing electricity from the national grid are subtracted from the total emissions associated with the group heating plant and the remaining emissions are assigned fully to the heat produced 55 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 C1 1 Heat distribution Source SAP 2009 Distribution loss Heat loss in the distribution network is allowed for by increasing the heat to be supplied by the group heating scheme by a distribution loss factor The distribution loss factor is taken from Table 9 if any of the following conditions are met 1 The only dwellings connected to any part of the heat network are apartments or 2 The total trench length of the network is no longer than 100 metres or 3 The linear heat density is not less than 2 MWh year per metre of network If conditions 1 or 2 are not satisfied then the linear heat density of the network should be sought from the scheme manager or designer in the case of a new scheme to determine whether condition 3 is satisfied Linear heat density is defined as the total heat delivered to all premises connected to the distribution network in MWh year divided by the total length of the whole distribution network trench length in metres Where the linear heat density is less than 2 MWh m year or is unknown methods that may be employed by the scheme manager or designer to determine the distribution loss factor are a if the scheme has full heat metering at all connections to
119. ed to the dwelling s power supply and within the curtilage of a dwelling The performance of wind turbines is very sensitive to the local wind conditions The procedure is based on typical conditions using a formula given by GreenSpec and the wind speed correction factors given in MIS 30033 At times of higher wind speeds the wind turbine may generate more electricity than the instantaneous electricity demand within the dwelling Arrangements must be made for the surplus electricity to be exported to the grid via an ESB Networks provided import export meter Monitored power output over a 12 month period from the installed wind turbine should be used if it is available This data may be in the form of printouts from or photographs of onsite metering equipment In keeping with the Code of Practice and DEAP Survey Guide the Assessor must keep a record of all such data Otherwise the calculation method is detailed in the following steps 1 The output power Pwing of one turbine in watts at a wind speed of s m s is Pwing CP x G x IE x A x PA M2 e CP is the aerodynamic power coefficient efficiency of the rotor to convert energy Ais the swept area of the blade PA is the power density of the wind 0 6125 s Gis the efficiency of the generator IE is efficiency of the inverter allowing for power drawn by the inverter 2 The annual energy in kWh year is related to the output at average wind speed by Ewing Neurbines X Pwina X 1 9 x
120. ed venetian blind note 2 0 88 Light coloured venetian blind note 2 0 70 Dark coloured external shutter window closed note 3 0 24 White external shutter window closed note 3 0 27 Dark coloured external shutter window fully open note 3 0 85 White external shutter window fully open note 3 0 65 Notes to Table P4 1 Factor applies when fully closed If closed only for a fraction f of the daylight hours use f x Zpling 1 f 2 Factor applies for venetian blind with slats at 45 against the sun The same factor can be used if the blind is fully closed If closed only for a fraction f of the daylight hours use f x Zorina 1 f 3 External shutters are not applicable to roof windows P3 2 Overhangs Window height Aan ins lt Where the overhang is at least twice as wide as the window e g balconies on blocks of flats use Table P5 In other cases use Table P6 Interpolation may be used between rows of these tables Usually the same value of Zoverhangs CaN be applied to all the windows on a given facade on the basis of an average depth to height ratio Table P5 Zoverhangs for wide overhangs Depth H Orientation of window NE NW S 0 0 1 00 1 00 0 2 0 89 0 77 0 4 0 80 0 55 0 6 0 72 il 0 38 0 8 0 65 F 0 32 1 0 59 F 0 30 1 2 or more 0 55 k 0 29 This table is to be used where the overhang is at least twice as wide as the window 89 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1
121. efficiency can be from the Home Heating Appliance Register of Performance HARP database preferably or from certified data given in the terms stated in paragraph D3 of Appendix D The Seasonal Efficiency of Domestic Boilers UK SEDBUK Database 2005 version may also be used Default values from Table 4b must be used if data is not available from these sources The HARP database can be found under www seai ie harp or accessed via the Energy Requirements tab in DEAP Boiler efficiency solid fuel Boiler efficiency should be taken from the HARP database preferably or certified data Default values from Table 4a may also be used as specified in Appendix D and Appendix J Heat pump efficiency Heat pump efficiency should be taken from the HARP database preferably or from a certified data Default values from Table 4a may also be used Appendix G provides further detail on specification of heat pumps Efficiency of gas oil solid fuel fires and room heaters Efficiency should be taken from the HARP database or accredited data as specified in Appendix E gas oil and solid fuel Default values from Table 4a may also be used Standing loss cylinders thermal stores and CPSUs includes both gas and electric CPSUs The manufacturer s declared loss obtained in accordance with an applicable Irish or British Standard expressed in kWh day can be used instead of the calculated storage loss factor Air leakage pressure test also called permeab
122. el stove storage or fixed direct acting electric heaters In case a assume direct acting electric heaters if no actual secondary heaters are present A secondary system is always specified when the main system is electric storage heaters or off peak electric underfloor heating If none of the above conditions apply secondary heating or backup heating system is not specified i e in the software the secondary fraction is set to zero Portable heaters are not counted in DEAP assessments These are characterised as completely free standing and self supporting on feet legs or base on the floor i e not wall mounted or specifically designed for a fireplace and in the case of gas or oil heaters containing a built in fuel store and readily and easily transferred and relocated from one room to another in the case of an electric heater having a lead and a plug Fixed electric bathroom heaters are not to be counted as secondary heaters for the purposes of DEAP assessments Also towel rails both electric or from a wet heating system should be ignored for the purposes of DEAP assessments Occasionally there may be a chimney present as defined in Section 2 but the open fire is not counted as a heat source in DEAP for example there is another secondary heat source which takes precedence In this case the chimney must still be counted in the DEAP ventilation section DEAP is based on the characteristics of the dwelling and the systems
123. elling BER assessment floor area e New or existing dwelling constructed to any edition of the Building Regulations TGD L prior to 2008 including conservatory in original construction the conservatory may or may not be included in the new dwelling BER assessment floor area subject to the rules on thermal separation above e Existing dwelling built to Building Regulations 2008 TGD L with a conservatory at time of original construction this conservatory is always included on the basis that it was part of the original dwelling constructed to Building Regulations TGD L 2008 e Existing dwelling built to Building Regulations 2008 TGD L without a conservatory A conservatory was added after original construction the conservatory may or may not be included in the dwelling BER assessment floor area subject to it being thermally separated as described above The U value and solar transmittance of windows between the dwelling and an excluded thermally separated conservatory should be treated as if the conservatory is not present However other opaque elements such as walls between the dwelling and excluded conservatory should have an Ru value applied as outlined above Windows between the dwelling and excluded unheated spaces other than conservatories e g window between the dwelling and a thermally separated excluded garage should be entered under walls rather than windows as the light and solar transmittance is low through these windows
124. elling space heat loss dwelling DHW requirement Total Heat Loss 22 1 1 4000 1 1 50 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix B Gas and oil boiler systems boilers with a thermal store and range cooker boilers B1 Boilers in the database The Home Heating Appliance Register of Performance HARP database see Section 9 2 1 contains in addition to efficiency all the boiler parameters relevant to DEAP calculations B2 Gas and oil boiler systems in Table 4b General definitions of the various modern boiler types are given in Appendix D Table 4b gives gross seasonal efficiency values for use when the HARP value is not available The following provides guidance for the categories in Table 2 and Table 4a 4b B2 1 Combination boilers Table 4b does not distinguish between the sub types of combination boiler and the values given for combi apply to all sub types on off or modulating instantaneous or storage For definitions of storage combination boilers see D1 10 to D1 12 in Appendix D A combination boiler with an internal hot water store may be either e primary a primary water store contains mainly water common with the space heating circuit e secondary a secondary water store contains mainly water directly usable as domestic hot water Primary storage combi boiler Secondary storage combi boiler Figure B1 Primary and secondary storage combi boilers The main difference between a combined primary storage un
125. ellings which have not previously been sold or occupied are specified as new dwellings in DEAP The DEAP methodology and software are used to generate Building Energy Rating BER labels and BER Advisory Reports as required under the EPBD This provision applies to new dwellings from 1 January 2007 and to existing dwellings for sale or rent from 1 January 2009 The format and content of such BER labels and Advisory Reports are detailed on www seai ie ber DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Introduction The Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure DEAP is the Irish official method for calculating the energy performance of dwellings The factors that contribute to annual energy usage and associated CO emissions for the provision of space heating water heating ventilation and lighting in DEAP include Size geometry and exposure Construction materials Thermal insulation properties of the building fabric elements Dwelling ventilation characteristics and ventilation equipment Heating system s efficiency responsiveness and control characteristics Solar gains through glazed openings Thermal storage mass capacity of the dwelling e Fuels used to provide space and water heating ventilation and lighting e Renewable and alternative energy generation technologies The BER Assessor should consider all aspects of the dwelling fabric and systems to reduce energy consumption and improve the BER result The calculation uses standard assumptions regar
126. en directly from the store treat as a CPSU D1 13 or D1 14 D1 11 On off storage combination boiler A storage combination boiler that only has a single fuel burning rate for space heating This includes appliances with alternative burning rates set once only at time of installation referred to as range rating D1 12 Modulating storage combination boiler A storage combination boiler with the capability to vary the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing D1 13 On off combined primary storage unit CPSU A single appliance designed to provide both space heating and domestic hot water with a burner that heats a thermal store containing mainly primary water which is common with the space heating circuit The store must have a capacity of at least 70 litres and the feed to the space heating circuit must be taken directly from the store The appliance does not have the capability to vary the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing This includes units with alternative burning rates set once only at time of installation referred to as range rating D1 14 Modulating combined primary storage unit CPSU A single appliance designed to provide both space heating and domestic hot water where a burner heats a thermal store containing mainly primary water which is in common with the space heating circuit The store must have a capacity of at least 70 litres and the space heating circuit supply mus
127. ended timber floor timber steel frame walls masonry internal light light Light medium partitions with plasterboard on dabs Low solid floor timber steel frame walls plasterboard on timber steel stud medium light light light internal partitions Low suspended timber floor timber steel frame walls masonry separating walls with plasterboard on dabs plasterboard on timber steel stud light light medium light internal partitions Low suspended timber floor masonry external and separating walls cavity fill or external insulation on external walls with plasterboard on dabs light medium medium light plasterboard on timber steel stud internal partitions Medium Low solid floor masonry external walls internal insulation masonry separating walls with plasterboard on dabs plasterboard on medium light medium light timber steel stud internal partitions Medium Low solid floor masonry external walls cavity fill or external insulation with plasterboard on dabs masonry separating walls with plasterboard on medium medium medium light dabs plasterboard on timber steel stud internal partitions Medium Low solid floor masonry external walls cavity fill or external insulation with plasterboard on dabs masonry separating walls dense plaster medium medium heavy light plasterboard on timber steel stud internal partitions Medium solid floor masonry external walls cavity fill or external insulation with dense plaster masonry
128. ently dealt with on the Distribution System Losses and Gains tab as described in Section 9 8 Space heat use Net Space Heat Demand tab The space heat use is defined in IS EN 13790 as the heat delivered to the heated space by an ideal heating system to maintain the set point temperature during a given period of time The DEAP calculation of space heat use is done on a monthly basis based on the procedure described in IS EN 13790 A single zone calculation is used using a single average value of mean internal temperature as described in Section 7 For each month e The average rate of heat loss W is calculated by multiplying the dwelling s heat loss coefficient W K by the mean internal external temperature difference e The average continuous level of useful heat gains W is determined as follows The solar gains are added to the internal gains to give total heat gains A utilisation factor is then applied to the gains in order to include only the proportion of gains that contribute to meeting required internal temperatures The utilisation factor calculation allows for the dwelling s internal heat capacity e Useful gains are then subtracted from heat loss to give the average net rate of heat use W for the month required to be supplied from the dwelling s designated heating system This is converted to quantity of heat use kWh for the month The utilisation factor calculation does not reflect the responsiveness
129. er is likely to have an oil fuel pump Where an Assessor encounters a gas boiler without a flue fan or an oil boiler without a fuel pump they should retain detail on how these items were determined to be absent from the heating system Wet central heating systems are likely to have one or more central heating pumps Main heating controls Describe in as much detail as possible zoning timers thermostats interlock TRVs weather and load compensation etc Secondary heating system Fuel for secondary heating and system from room heater section of Table 4a Use of none defined in Appendix A Water heating Either from main heating system or from secondary system or item from hot water only section of Table 4a If insufficient water heating is available in the dwelling assume direct acting electric heating as the main water heater 110 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Item Data Comment Storage losses Cylinder details as per Section 11 Cylinder thermostat and timer present Details on immersion supplementary electric water heating Distribution losses Mains gas available yes no Solar water heating Solar panel yes no Photovoltaic array yes no and if yes the of external roof area with PVs Group heating scheme If details cannot be ascertained they are defaulted to system based on mains gas fired boiler
130. es gives the following approximate correction factor C2 for lighting energy use depending on the ratio of glass area to floor area glass transmittance and light access factor C 52 2 G 9 94 G 1 433 if Gi lt 0 095 L3 C2 0 96 if G_ gt 0 095 L4 0 9x Ay xg x FFxZ GL _ w L L L5 TFA where FF is the frame factor from Table 6c Aw is the area of a window m TFA is the total floor area m g is the light transmittance factor from Table 6b Z is the light access factor from Table 6d The summation allows for different window and rooflight types the light access factor is different for windows and rooflights The annual energy used for lighting in the house E is then E Eg x TFA x C x C2 kWh year L6 where C and C are defined above and TFA is the total floor area Gains from lighting To calculate the heat gains due to lighting it is assumed that 85 of the annual lighting electricity consumption occurs during the heating season Oct May Of this it is assumed that 90 contributes to internal gains the remainder being accounted for by e g external lighting or lighting of unheated spaces The average rate of heat gain from lighting is thus G E x 0 85 x 0 9 x 1000 24 x HsDays W L7 where HsDays is the duration of the heating season in days 243 days 78 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Identifying low energy lights A low energy lamp must use at least 75 less energy than a conventional
131. es that recover heat from power stations the waste heat is the primary heat source and secondary boilers of conventional design are used when the available waste heat is insufficient to meet the instantaneous demand The proportions of heat from the power station and from the conventional boilers should be estimated either on the basis of operational records or in the case of a new scheme on the basis of its design specification The emission and primary energy factors are taken from Table 8 Note 0 018 kg CO2 kWh in Table 8 reflects emissions associated with the electricity used for pumping the water from the power station to the dwelling 56 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 C3 Permutations of heat generators Possible systems for group heating schemes include 1 A single boiler or set of boilers all using the same fuel Multiple boilers are specified using Heating system 1 2 3 in the DEAP software 2 Up to three boilers or three sets of boilers using three different fuels such as mains gas and biomass Multiple boilers are specified using Heating system 1 2 3 in the DEAP software 3 CHP plant and boiler s calculations according to Section C1 4 Utilisation of waste heat from a power station topped up by boilers calculations according to Section C2 5 Geothermal heat topped up by boilers The calculation is the same as that described in C2 for waste heat from power stations This type of heat is from deep within the Ear
132. ess to the dwelling but no separating door whether heated or not e should not be included if unheated and there is a separating door to the dwelling In this context porch means an addition protruding entirely from the line of the external wall of the dwelling an entrance lobby that is within such line should be included Entrance lobby protrudes Entrance lobby Entrance lobby separated Include entrance from the line of external wall heated by a fixed from the dwelling by a door lobby in dwelling of dwelling heating device floor area NO n a n a YES YES YES n a YES YES n a NO YES YES NO YES NO 1 Chimney breasts should also be included when measuring floor area as stated by the Department of Environment Community and Local Government in the Floor Area Compliance Certificate Explanatory Memorandum 11 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Conservatories e should not be included if separated from the dwelling according to the definition in Section 3 3 3 e should be included as part of the dwelling if they are not separated Store rooms and utility rooms e should be included if directly accessible from the occupied area of the dwelling whether heated or not e should not be included if unheated and accessible only via a separate external door Stores accessible by a separate external door should be included if heated by fixed heaters Basements e should be included only if consisting of heated and h
133. essor should consider the average efficiency from available solid fuel test data This may be a single efficiency for a single available test fuel type or multiple efficiencies for multiple fuel types The data could be from HARP or from other accredited sources If the test data specifies gross efficiencies such as on HARP then the average of these can be used in DEAP If the test data efficiencies are net then these are averaged and the solid fuel net gross conversion of 0 94 described in Appendix E must be applied 10 4 Secondary heating system fuel types Secondary heating systems are taken from the room heaters section of the HARP database or Table 4a and the fuel options will in practice be determined by the fuel used for the main heating system For solid fuel heaters the fuel type should be selected in the manner described in Section 10 3 3 above for main fuel types 10 5 Water heating fuel types Water heating may be provided by the main heating system or may be supplied using an independent water heating system 10 6 Electricity for pumps and fans In relation to heating and ventilation equipment fired on oil gas solid fuel or renewable energy an allowance is made for energy consumption in the form of electricity used This applies to any of the following items e central heating pump for individual heating systems This is the pump from the heat source such as a boiler or heat pump to the space heat emitters such as radiators or
134. etermined for entry into DEAP The performance characteristics of CHP are derived from laboratory tests in the form of thermal efficiency and electrical efficiency Test data should be based on appropriate national or international standards and or the CHP directive on promotion of cogeneration Efficiency figures are based on Gross Calorific Values GCV of the input fuel Where test results are not based on the GCV conversion to gross efficiency must be carried out by multiplying the efficiency by the appropriate conversion factor given in Table E4 The heat produced by the CHP installation and the electrical energy consumed generated are determined by the heating system designer and are based on design for operation and heat demand during an average year This design should reflect the appliance output rating and the expected dwelling heat demand DEAP calculates the electrical energy co generated with this heat based on the thermal and electrical efficiency of the unit after the quantity of heat generated by the CHP plant is calculated DEAP also calculates the energy savings from use of CHP for the purposes of renewables compliance checking against Building Regulations TGD L 2008 and TGD L 2011 The electricity consumed will normally be a negative quantity and then represents the net electricity provided by the CHP package that is available to offset electricity that would otherwise be taken from the public electricity supply grid or to the exte
135. fault values may be used to calculate Equation L2a where the label is not available Bulb Type Assumed Energy Label Compact Fluorescent Fluorescent Light emitting Diodes Other Mm gt gt gt Example During a BER assessment of an existing dwelling an Assessor records the following lighting data e 4CFL bulbs no energy label available e 2Fluorescent bulbs no energy label available e 8 bulbs with B energy label available e 6 Incandescent bulbs e 2 Standard fixed lighting outlets with no bulb installed 22 fixed lighting outlets in total CFL and Fluorescents are both A rated so e N 4 2 6 e Ne 8 Substituting these values into Equation L2a the percentage of low energy lighting is 6 1 8 OF 2 100 45 22 Official Journal of the European Communities Commission Directive 98 11 EC 27 January 1998 Energy labelling of household lamps Lamp Guide 2009 Lighting Industry Federation U K http www lif co uk lamp quide 79 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 This value is entered into the DEAP software Where several bulbs are controlled by a single switch each bulb must be counted when calculating the percentage of low energy lights Light bulbs and light fittings outside of the dwelling should not be counted but should be counted if they are in unheated spaces of the dwelling such as porches or garages Portable not fixed lights lights on cooker hoods and b
136. fect of thermal bridging a A global factor is multiplied by the total exposed surface area as described in Appendix K b On the basis of the length of each junction and the default Y values referenced in TGD L 2011 Appendix D and P values from Acceptable Construction Details Introduction Document Appendices c On the basis of the length of each junction and user supplied values as described in Appendix K It is not necessary to supply value for each junction type values referenced in TGD L 2011 Appendix D and from Acceptable Construction Details Introduction Document Appendices can be mixed with user supplied values DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Window data Window U values and g values total solar energy transmittance should be obtained from certified data or calculated to standards outlined in Section 3 Both U values and g values are needed when supplying non default data For light transmittance only the values in Table 6b are to be used Normally the frame factors representing the glazed fraction of the window in Table 6c are used However manufacturer s values are permitted provided they are representative of the actual windows Internal heat capacity Internal heat capacity of the dwelling is estimated on the basis of the extent of thermally massive construction relative to total floor area Thermal mass categories should be determined in accordance with Table 11 Boiler efficiency gas and oil Boiler
137. ff peak electric underfloor heating 10 3 3 Solid fuel systems Solid fuel appliances can be fuelled by coal anthracite manufactured solid fuel peat or wood Some models referred to as multi fuel are capable of using more than one fuel type The flue ventilation loss see Section 2 does not apply to room sealed pellet boilers and stoves For solid fuel boilers and heaters representing the main heating system the fuel type should be chosen as follows proceeding from points 1 towards 4 until a choice is made 1 If the heating appliance is designed to burn only a wood fuel i e its design is such as to prohibit the use of any other fuel type then the appropriate wood fuel type should be selected Otherwise a wood fuel should not be selected This can be demonstrated by one of the following e Documentation showing that the product warranty is void if the product is used with any fuel type other than wood fuels e Listing of the product under http www hetas co uk showing that the appliance burns wood fuels only Where there is any doubt about fuel type selection wood fuels should not be selected as the fuel type for the purposes of demonstrating TGD L compliance 2 Ifthe appliance is designed to burn a particular coal based or peat based fuel type then that should be chosen as the fuel 3 Ifthe appliance can burn more than one fuel type open fires and many closed roomheaters and range cooker boilers are in this category
138. fore using it in calculations J3 Heating type and responsiveness The heating type and responsiveness is that for the applicable type of appliance given in Table 4a 76 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix K Thermal bridging Thermal bridges that occur at junctions between building elements are included in the calculation of transmission heat losses Building Regulations 2011 TGD L Appendix D should be read for further information The linear thermal transmittance Y describes the heat loss associated with a thermal bridge This is the rate of heat flow per degree per unit length of bridge that is not accounted for in the U values of the plane building elements containing the thermal bridge The transmission heat loss coefficient associated with non repeating thermal bridges is calculated as Hre gt Lx where L is the length of the thermal bridge where Y applies If details of the thermal bridges are not known use Hrg y gt A exp where Aexp is the total area of exposed elements m A default value of y 0 15 W m K applies for all dwellings except the following 1 y 0 08 W m K for new dwellings whose details conform with Limiting Thermal Bridging and Air Infiltration Acceptable Construction Details www environ ie as referenced in Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L This requires that the relevant drawings be signed off by the developer builder site engineer or architect The BER Assessor must retai
139. fying the primary and secondary space heating systems In this case the dwelling is considered to be adequately heated Examples A house with 6 habitable rooms with one gas fire would be treated as being electrically heated with a gas secondary heater 1 room out of 6 If there were two gas fires 2 rooms out of 6 the gas fires are the primary heating and electricity the secondary If there were 4 habitable rooms and one gas fire 1 out of 4 the primary heating would be electric and the gas fire the secondary 49 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 A3 3 Highly insulated inadequately heated small dwellings In the case of highly insulated small dwellings item 2 in A3 2 may not be realistic for example a 3 kW gas fire could suffice to provide most of the heating needs Accordingly if the design heat loss DHL is less than 3 kW the heating in the main room is the primary system in this case Dwelling heat loss is defined in Section A3 5 A3 4 Broken heating systems DEAP assumes that the installed heating systems are operational and takes no account of whether they are working or not However in the case where the main heating unit e g boiler is missing and thus the dwelling has no installed primary heating system the rules in A3 2 should be followed The DEAP methodology assumes that the installed heating systems are properly installed and serviced When designing and installing heating systems the following documents should be read bot
140. g losses 59 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 In this Appendix efficiencies are expressed in percent Intermediate calculations should be done to at least four places of decimals of a percentage and the final result rounded to one decimal place The procedure to be adopted in calculating the gross seasonal efficiency is as follows 1 Determine fuel for boiler type The fuel for boiler type must be one of natural gas LPG butane or propane or oil kerosene or gas oil or biodiesel The HARP gross seasonal efficiency cannot be calculated for other fuels for these appliances 2 Obtain test data Retrieve the full load net efficiency and 30 part load net efficiency test results Tests must have been carried out using the same fuel as the fuel for boiler type except as provided in D4 3 Reduce to maximum net efficiency values Table D2 1 gives the maximum values of net efficiency for each fuel that may be used for the purposes of DEAP Reduce any greater test value to the appropriate value given in Table D2 1 Table D2 1 Maximum net efficiency values in Condensing boilers Non condensing boilers Full load 30 Fullload 30 part load part load 101 0 107 0 92 0 91 0 4 Convert the full and 30 part load efficiencies from net values to gross Use the following equation with the appropriate factor from Table D2 2 Egross fx Enet Table D2 2 Efficiency conversion factors Fuel Net to gross conversio
141. g of components products for residential ventilation Performance testing of a mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation units including heat recovery for mechanical ventilation systems intended for single family dwellings 2004 Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes Open vented copper cylinders Requirements and test methods 46 parameter testing Definition of mechanical ventilation duct configuration Mechanical ventilation heat recovery testing Cylinder losses DEAP Manual IS EN 12897 IS EN 13240 2001 IS EN 13229 2001 IS EN 14785 2006 IS EN 303 5 1999 IS EN 14511 2 200 IS EN 255 2 1997 IS EN 255 3 1997 IS EN 61215 BS EN 61646 IS EN 410 1998 Version 3 2 1 Water Supply Specification for Indirectly Heater Unvented Closed Storage Water Heaters Roomheaters fired by solid fuel Requirements and test methods Inset appliances including open fires fired by solid fuels Requirements and test methods Residential space heating appliances fired by wood pellets Requirements and test methods Heating boilers Heating boilers with forced draught burners Heating boilers for solid fuels hand and automatically fired nominal heat output of up to 300 kW Terminology requirements testing and marking Air conditioners liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling Test conditions Air conditioners liquid chilling packages and heat
142. group heating scheme can take some main space heating and main water heating from a CHP plant or from heat recovered from power stations The proportion of heat supplied in this case should be taken from plant design figures or from operational records Further detail is available under Appendix C and Appendix N Note that DEAP also caters for CHP plant installed as part of an individual heating system although this type of system is uncommon In such cases the relevant method is detailed under Appendix N 10 8 5 Solar water heating If a dwelling where water heating is available from a group heating scheme obtains some of its hot water from a solar heating system then this is entered in the Water Heating tab as detailed in Section 4 This also applies to solar water heating systems shared amongst a number of dwellings 10 9 Renewable and energy saving technologies The energy produced or saved section allows for the benefits of newer energy saving technologies that are not included in the published DEAP software including photovoltaics wind energy solar space heating amongst others Heat pumps biomass heat recovery ventilation and solar water heating are all accounted for elsewhere in DEAP and are not to be included in this section The energy produced and consumed by the technology is entered as delivered energy The associated primary energy factor and CO emissions are taken from Table 8 Further guidance is taken in Append
143. h back boiler to radiators 55 3 Closed roomheater with back boiler to radiators 65 3 Wood chip pellet independent boiler 65 2 Stove pellet fired with back boiler to radiators 65 2 Range cooker boiler integral oven and boiler 45 3 Range cooker boiler independent oven and boiler 55 3 Note Heated space means within the boundary of the dwelling as defined in Section 1 Dwelling dimensions 1 For wet heating systems in Table 4a supplying heat to underfloor heating with pipes in concrete slab the responsiveness category of 4 from Table 4d is specified 117 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Heating System Electric boilers Refer to Group 1 in Table 4e for control options Direct acting electric boiler Electric CPSU in heated space Dry core storage boiler in heated space Dry core storage boiler in unheated space Water storage boiler in heated space Water storage boiler in unheated space d Heated space means within the boundary of the dwelling as defined in Section 1 Dwelling dimensions Store within boiler capable of meeting all space heating needs Heat pumps see also warm air systems Refer to Group 2 in Table 4e for control options Ground to water heat pump electric Ground to water heat pump with auxiliary heater electric Water to water heat pump electric Air to water heat pump electric Gas fired ground or water source Gas fired air source GROUP HEATING S
144. h be set to NO so that DEAP will account for the presence of the interlock mechanism The Assessor should keep a record of how the interlock s presence was determined in this scenario d Flat rate charging means that households pay for the heat according to a fixed monthly or annual amount not depending on the amount of heat actually used If the charges vary within a scheme for other reasons for example according to dwelling size it is still classified as flat rate e The following provides further guidance on selection of the space heating efficiency adjustment factor for heat pumps heating radiators or underfloor heating Underfloor Number of Number Assumed operating Is there load or Space heating heating fan coilrads of rads temperature weather efficiency adjustment present present present compensation factor for heat pumps present in DEAP Yes 0 0 Low temperature Yes or no 1 35 C Yes or no One or more 0 Medium temperature Yes or no 0 85 40 C Yes or no Yes or no One or High temperature Yes 0 75 more gt 50 C Yes or no Yes or no One or High temperature No 0 7 more gt 50 C For example where there is at least one standard radiator present with weather compensation then regardless of the presence of underfloor heating or fan coil heating the system is assumed to operate at a higher temperature efficiency adjustment factor chosen in DEAP is 0 75 Where desig
145. h to be published by NSAI SR 50 2010 e Code of practice for building services Part 1 Domestic plumbing and heating e Code of practice for building services Part 2 Solar Panels A3 5 Estimating the required boiler size DEAP should not to be used to size the heating system this is usually up to the system designer or heating system supplier installer The following method can be used to estimate the required heat system power output Note that sizing the heating system is not the responsibility of SEAI and is entirely a matter for the client and the Assessor or system designer Maximum recommended dwelling heating load Expressed in kW For dwelling heat load the maximum space heat demand is calculated by multiplying the heat loss coefficient by the desired maximum temperature differential AT usually 1 to 21 C The heat loss coefficient is the heat loss in W K of the dwelling when accounting for fabric and ventilation losses The heat loss coefficient is called the Total Heat Loss in the DEAP software building elements tab and includes heat lost through the dwelling fabric and ventilation heat loss 2 to 4 kW should be added to the space heating demand for water heating depending on occupancy or floor area The total space and water heating requirement should be multiplied by 1 1 to allow for distribution losses giving the following maximum recommended dwelling heating load Dwelling space and water heat requirement W dw
146. hat of a dwelling then the default U value of 1 0W m K from Section 6 5 of the DEAP manual applies This is half of a typical value for an uninsulated exposed element However if there is enough information available and proof thereof to calculate the actual floor U value then this should be done and the result halved as per DEAP Section 3 5 c to attain the floor U value 102 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table S8 Summary of floor U value defaults Floor Type P A Ratio A B C D E F G H l J Ground Floor Solid 0 1 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 23 0 23 0 19 0 19 0 17 0 2 0 46 0 46 0 46 0 46 0 46 0 38 0 38 0 29 0 29 0 26 0 3 0 61 0 61 0 61 0 61 0 61 0 48 0 48 0 36 0 36 0 31 0 4 0 73 0 73 0 73 0 73 0 73 0 57 0 57 0 41 0 41 0 34 0 5 0 84 0 84 0 84 0 84 0 84 0 64 0 64 0 44 0 44 0 37 0 6 0 94 0 94 0 94 0 94 0 94 0 7 0 7 0 47 0 47 0 39 0 7 1 02 1 02 1 02 1 02 1 02 0 74 0 74 0 49 0 49 0 4 0 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 79 0 79 0 51 0 51 0 42 0 9 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 0 82 0 82 0 52 0 52 0 43 1 or more 1 23 1 23 1 23 1 23 1 23 0 85 0 85 0 54 0 54 0 44 Ground Floor Suspended 0 1 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 25 0 25 0 22 0 22 0 2 0 2 0 44 0 44 0 44 0 44 0 44 0 39 0 39 0 32 0 32 0 28 0 3 0 56 0 56 0 56 0 56 0 56 0 48 0 48 0 37 0 37 0 33 0 4 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 55 0 55 0 42 0 42 0 36
147. have windows on opposite sides and there is a route for the ventilation air Normally bungalows and two storey houses can be cross ventilated because internal doors can be left open Three storey houses or other situations with two connected storeys where one is more than 4 5 m above ground level often have floors with fire doors leading onto stairs thus preventing cross ventilation Slightly open refers to windows that can be securely locked with a gap of about 50 mm Often this option will not give sufficient ventilation Windows on ground floors cannot be left open all night because of security issues Windows on other floors can Fully open refers to dwellings where security is not an issue e g an upper floor flat or secure night time ventilation is available e g by means of grilles shutters with vents or purpose made ventilators In most cases where there are ground and upper floor windows windows open half the time is applicable which refers principally to night time ventilation ground floor evening only upper floors open all night If there is a mechanical ventilation system providing a specified air change rate that rate can be used instead Calculate the ventilation heat loss HS Heemmer L 0 33xn x V P1 using the formula 86 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 where n air change rate during hot weather ach V volume of the heated space of the dwelling m 3 Calculate the heat loss coefficient under summe
148. he U values on area weighted thickness of insulation Table S5 Assumed U values when the roof insulation thickness is unknown Age band Assumed Roof U value W m K applies to all roof types A B C D E 2 3 F G 0 49 H 0 40 0 36 J 0 25 Some of the U values in Table S5 differ from those for roofs in Table S2 Table S5 U values are based on insulation thicknesses stated in the regulations applicable to each age band and current U value calculation methods Room in Roof If there is a room in roof within an existing dwelling with a total floor area of Frr measured internally then the heat loss area and U value may be calculated as follows 1 Area Frr is deducted from the roof area 2 A separate heat loss roof area Arr is defined where Arr Frr Ww Frr 1 5 1 These U values take account of joists The insulation is taken as being between joists only up to 100 mm and between and over joists for 100 mm or more Uninsulated sheet metal roofs should be set to a U value of 7 0 W m K unless another U value can be substantiated 98 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Arr has a default U value for the appropriate age band for the construction of the roof rooms see Table S5 and is automatically calculated by the DEAP software in the building elements tab The formula is based on a rectangular room in roof area of average height 2 2 m and Arr includes the walls of the roof rooms as well as their r
149. he default window U value should be taken from Table 6a and the solar transmittance from Table 6b when data based on the standards is not available for both U value and solar transmittance For new dwellings specifications or plans detailing the relevant parameters for lookup in Table 6a and 6b are usually available However in exceptional circumstances such as plans specifications not available for the new dwelling the Assessor can use Table S9 as an alternative to Table 6a 6b for new dwellings Existing Dwellings The Assessor has two options for existing dwellings when selecting windows defaults e U value is taken from Table 6a and the solar transmittance taken from Table 6b or e U value and solar transmittance taken from Table S9 Within the DEAP software the entered U value is adjusted to account for the assumed use of curtains using the formula 1 Uw effective nica a 0 04 U W where Uw is window U value calculated or measured without curtains Rooflights are treated as roof windows Table 1b and Table 6 give further detail on the treatment of roof windows If the standard sized window 1 48 high 1 23 wide is used to establish the U value using one of the standards above by testing or calculation as appropriate then that U value can be used for a window of the same type with different dimensions If calculation or test outputs from the above standards are not based on the standard sized windows 1 48 high 1 23 wide t
150. he fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing D1 6 Combination boiler A boiler with the capability to provide domestic hot water directly in some cases containing an internal hot water store D1 7 Instantaneous combination boiler A combination boiler without an internal hot water store or with an internal hot water store of capacity less than 15 litres D1 8 On off instantaneous combination boiler An instantaneous combination boiler that only has a single fuel burning rate for space heating This includes appliances with alternative burning rates set once only at time of installation referred to as range rating Council Directive 92 42 EEC on efficiency requirements for new hot water boilers fired with liquid or gaseous fuels Official Journal of the European Communities No L 167 17 21 May 1992 p 92 58 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 D1 9 Modulating instantaneous combination boiler An instantaneous combination boiler with the capability to vary the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing D1 10 Storage combination boiler A combination boiler with an internal hot water store of capacity at least 15 litres but less than 70 litres OR a combination boiler with an internal hot water store of capacity at least 70 litres where the space heating circuit supply is not taken directly from the store If the store is at least 70 litres and the space heating circuit supply is tak
151. hed The cylinder thermostat itself may not switch off the boiler this is only done if the pump and boiler are interlocked and so the presence of a cylinder thermostat does not in itself signify the presence of an interlock for water heating If there is no cylinder thermostat however there can be no interlock since the system does not know when the demand temperature is reached A boiler system with no cylinder thermostat must therefore be considered as having no interlock 37 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 A boiler system with no connected room thermostat or a device equivalent in this context such as a flow switch or boiler energy manager even if there is a cylinder thermostat is generally considered as having no interlock For solid fuel boilers and dry core electric boilers the boiler interlock question is not relevant and the efficiency values in Table 4a allow for normal operation of these appliances For such systems there is no efficiency reduction for the absence of interlock Note TRVs alone do not perform the boiler interlock function and require the addition of a separate room thermostat in one room 9 3 10 Bypass A fixed bypass is a piping arrangement that maintains minimum flow rate through the boiler by ensuring that one radiator stays open or by adding a short pipe with a valve between the flow and return pipe A radiator without a TRV or hand valve is a common form of fixed bypass Alternatively a short pipe with a f
152. hen the windows in the tests or calculations must match the size of those in the actual dwelling This is stated in Section 11 of BRE 443 3 3 U values of elements adjacent to an unheated space The procedure for treatment of U values of elements adjacent to unheated space is described in IS EN ISO 6946 and IS EN ISO 13789 The following procedure may be used for typical structures no measurements are needed of the construction providing an unheated space just select the appropriate Ru from Tables A3 A4 and A5 of Building Regulations 2011 TGD L 1 U i R U where U resultant U value of the element adjacent to unheated space W m K U U value of the element between heated and unheated spaces calculated as if there were no unheated space adjacent to the element W m K Ru effective thermal resistance of unheated space Ru for typical unheated structures including garages access corridors to flats and rooms in roof having elements in a new dwelling with typical U values are given in Building Regulations 2011 TGD L Appendix A These can be used when the precise details on the structure providing an unheated space are not available or not crucial The effect of unheated spaces however need not be included if the area of the element covered by the unheated space is small i e less than 10 of the total exposed area of all external walls if the unheated space abuts a wall or 10 of the total area of all heat los
153. hermal performance of buildings Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling Annual heating and cooling energy use fora building IS EN 13829 Thermal performance of buildings Determination of air permeability of buildings Fan pressurization method Permeability testing method IS EN Independent gas fired convection heaters Gas fired room 613 2001 heater testing l S EN Open fronted gas fired independent space heaters Gas fired room 13278 2003 heater testing IS EN Independent gas fired convection heaters incorporating a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and or Gas fired room 1266 2002 flue gases heater testing BS 7977 Specification for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances Radiant convectors Gas fired room 1 2002 heater testing BS 7977 Specification for safety and rational use of energy of gas domestic appliances Part 2 Combined appliances Gas Gas fired room 2 2003 fire back boiler heater testing OFS Oil fired room heaters with atomising or vaporising burners with or without boilers heat output up to 25 kW Oil fired room A102 1999 heater testing IS EN 12975 2 Thermal solar systems and components Solar collectors Part 2 Test methods Solar panel BS EN 13141 6 BS EN 13141 7 BS 1566 Ventilation for buildings Performance testing of components products for residential ventilation Exhaust ventilation system packages used in a single dwelling Ventilation for buildings Performance testin
154. ht If from the guidance given in Table 11a an element appears borderline between thermally light and thermally massive it may be assumed that half its area is light and half massive As an alternative way of determining whether an element is thermally light or massive the internal heat capacity of the element may be calculated as described in EN ISO 13786 1999 using a time period of 24 hours 32 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 and with surface resistances included A result of 38 kJ m K or greater is considered thermally massive and 1n a lower result thermally light 7 4 Mean internal temperature with ideal heating system The mean internal temperature of the dwelling during periods when heating is required is calculated as a floor area weighted average of set point temperatures in the living area and the rest of the dwelling The effect of intermittent heating on the mean internal temperature is calculated using the dwelling s internal heat capacity In the Net Space Heat Demand tab a notional ideal heating system is first assumed i e provides just enough heat to precisely maintain required temperatures during heating hours An ideal heating system has perfect control and responsiveness and infinite heat output capacity The mean internal temperature is calculated for each month taking account of monthly mean external temperatures The effects of imperfect control and heating system responsiveness are subsequ
155. http www seai ie Your Building BER Technical Bulletins The Building Regulations Part L current or previous can be found under http www environ ie en TGD DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Scope of the Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure DEAP The procedure is applicable to self contained dwellings For dwellings in the form of flats apartments maisonettes etc DEAP applies to the individual dwelling unit and does not include common areas such as access corridors Where a dwelling contains or has attached a room or space that is intended or used for commercial purposes e g as an office shop consulting room surgery workshop such a room or space should be treated as part of the dwelling if the commercial part could revert to domestic use on a change of ownership or occupancy This applies where there is direct access between the commercial space and the living accommodation both are contained within the same thermal envelope and the living accommodation occupies a substantial proportion of the whole dwelling unit If a self contained dwelling is part of a building and the remainder of the building is not expected to revert to domestic use the dwelling is assessed by DEAP and the remainder by the Non domestic Energy Assessment Procedure NEAP DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 General Principles Input precision and rounding Data should be entered as accurately as possible although it is unnecessary to go beyond 3 significant
156. il radiators 1 Efficiency adjustment due to lower temperature of distribution system Mains gas Oil or LPG Condensing boiler with load compensator 1 02 1 01 Condensing boiler with weather compensator 1 02 1 01 Condensing boiler with under floor heating 1 03 1 02 Condensing boiler with thermal store 1 1 2 Efficiency adjustment due to control system No thermostatic control of room temperature 0 95 No boiler interlock 0 95 Group heating systems 3 Efficiency adjustment due to charging method Flat rate charging 0 90 Heat pumps 4 Efficiency adjustment due to temperature of heat supplied Space DHW Heat pump with underfloor heating or warm air heat pump 1 0 Heat pump with standard radiators without load or weather compensation regardless of presence of underfloor heating fan coil or 0 7 low temperature radiators Heat pump with standard radiators and load or weather compensation regardless of presence of underfloor heating fan coil or 0 75 low temperature radiators Heat pump with fan coil or low temperature radiators regardless of presence of underfloor heating 089 Heat pump supplying all DHW tested to IS EN 14511 2 0 7 Heat pump supplying all DHW tested to IS EN 255 3 0 75 Heat pump supplying 50 or 75 DHW see Appendix G 1 0 Range cooker boilers gas or oil fired The following adjustment is to be applied only to the space heating gross seasonal efficiency i e not waterheating efficiency
157. ility test result Air leakage pressure test results can be used instead of the default air infiltration calculation An air permeability design value may be used for dwellings not yet built Provisional Building Energy Rating subject to verification when the dwelling is built Further guidance is available on www seai ie ber Solar collector performance The zero loss collector efficiency and the collector s linear heat loss coefficient can be used if obtained from the HARP database or test results as outlined in Appendix H Defaults are also available in Appendix H Specific fan power Specific fan power for the following mechanical ventilation systems positive input ventilation from outside not loft mechanical extract balanced may be used in place of the default values in Table 4g subject to the guidance in Section 2 6 Existing dwellings Default values may be used when assessing existing dwellings subject to the guidance in Appendix S Non default values should be used when sufficient substantiating evidence is available DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Dwelling surveys BER Assessors are required to complete a site survey in accordance with the DEAP survey guide for Existing and New Final BERs A BER Assessor is required to visit the dwelling to collect the data for the assessment and may also review plans and specifications for new or existing buildings Plans and specifications are particularly useful in providing su
158. ily available Details such as element thicknesses thermal conductivities and resistances used in carrying out U value calculations must be retained in the BER assessment records by the BER Assessor 3 2 Window U values The U value for a window should be for the whole window opening including the window frame Measurements of thermal transmittance for doors and windows should be made according to IS EN ISO 12567 1 Alternatively U values of windows and doors may be calculated using IS EN ISO 10077 1 or IS EN ISO 10077 2 A BER Assessor may perform these calculations bearing in mind that standards must be adhered to and that all non default data used in calculations must be obtained from accredited sources such as the NSAI Window Energy Performance certification scheme BRE 443 also provides guidance on evaluation of opaque door U values using IS EN ISO 6946 Appendix S8 details use of defaults for windows for new and existing dwellings in the absence of data based on the standards outlined above Tables 6a and S9 provide values that can be used in the absence of test data or calculated values A value should be selected from these tables corresponding most closely to the description of the actual window interpolation should not be used in these tables 22 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Where certified window data is not available then defaults can be selected depending on the dwelling type New Dwelling Provisional or New Dwelling Final T
159. in roof in existing dwellings and outlined in Appendix S 3 3 6 Other cases In other cases R can be disregarded or may be calculated using the following formula as detailed in BRE 443 A R i Si Ae x Ue 0 33nV A Ae respective areas of internal and external elements m excluding any ground floor Ue U values of external elements W m7kK V volume of unheated space m n air change rate of unheated space ach 3 4 Thermal bridging The DEAP calculation includes thermal bridging at junctions between elements and around openings If linear thermal transmittance Y values are available for these junctions they can be multiplied by the length of the junction concerned and the total added to the transmission heat transfer coefficient The calculation includes an allowance based on the total exposed surface area if specific Y values for thermal bridges are not known Further details are in Appendix K 3 5 Dwellings that are part of larger premises In the case of a dwelling that is part of a larger building where the remainder of the building is used for non domestic purposes the elements between the dwelling and the remainder of the building are considered a to have zero heat loss if the spaces adjacent to the dwelling are normally heated to similar levels to the dwelling i e heated to a similar pattern and to similar temperatures In this context adjoining premises should be heated to 18 C or more for at l
160. incandescent lamp Where low energy bulbs are actually fitted into ordinary lighting sockets they may be included in the low energy lighting calculation If it is not explicit from the survey drawings or specifications that low energy bulbs will be fitted in to ordinary lighting sockets they should not be included in the low energy calculation Light bulbs are labelled according to their energy efficiency through an EU scheme Bulbs are rated from A to G with A being the most efficient and G the least efficient The energy label is displayed or attached to the packaging of an individual bulb In DEAP bulbs with an A rating are considered to be low energy and are assumed to use 75 less energy than the equivalent incandescent bulb Bulbs with a B rating are considered to be reduced energy and are assumed to use 37 5 less energy than the equivalent incandescent bulb All other categories C to G are assumed to be equivalent to standard or incandescent bulbs The percentage of low energy lighting used in equation L2 is calculated as follows N 4N A 2 B 100 L2a N where N is the number of A rated bulbs Ng is the number of B rated bulbs and N is the total number of fixed lighting outlets or installed bulbs The percentage of low energy lighting from L2a is entered into the DEAP software which carries out the correction described in L2 The energy label of the bulb should be used where available The following de
161. ing factor will be a default value given in this appendix Water Heating The storage and distribution loss characteristics of the primary water heating system the characteristics of any hot water cylinder and the presence of controls are to be identified during site survey The appropriate temperature adjustment factors are selected from Table 2 Lighting and Internal gains The percentage of low energy lights within a dwelling is calculated from information collected through the site survey Net Space Demand The living area percentage is based on internal measurements taken within the dwelling The Thermal Mass Category of the dwelling is identified from default table in this appendix Distribution Losses and Gains The presence of any space heating controls and the nature and responsiveness of the heat emitters and the presence of any pumps and fans are identified during site survey The responsiveness category heating system control category and temperature adjustment are selected from DEAP Tables 4a f Energy Requirements The primary and secondary heating system and or appliances and their system efficiencies and any efficiency adjustment factors are identified from DEAP Tables 4a f The primary and the secondary heating fuel where there is one the primary water heating fuel and supplementary electric water heating fuel when appropriate are identified through the site survey 3 Dwelling Type and Purpose of Rating The
162. input for both the natural gas boiler and the LPG boiler From the results calculate the excess air fractions for both boilers The calculated excess air fraction for the LPG boiler must not exceed that for the natural gas boiler by more than 5 of the natural gas excess air fraction 5 Retrieve the full load net efficiency and 30 part load net efficiency test results If the boiler is a condensing boiler then deduct 2 2 percentage points from the 30 part load net efficiency test result 6 Follow the calculation procedure in D2 from step 3 onwards taking the fuel for boiler type as LPG D5 Gross Seasonal Efficiency and Case Emission value of non condensing twin burner range cooker boiler 1 The method of calculation of the Seasonal Efficiency is applicable only to cooker boilers where the full load and the 30 part load efficiency values for the boiler function obtained by the methods deemed to satisfy Council Directive 92 42 EEC are available Note A non condensing range cooker boiler without the capability to provide domestic hot water directly i e is not a combination boiler may nevertheless provide domestic hot water indirectly via a separate hot water storage cylinder exactly matches the definition D1 3 for a Regular Boiler Consequently the methods deemed to 63 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 satisfy 92 42 EEC for a Regular Boiler will equally satisfy this requirement for the equivalent type of range cooker boiler Efficiencies
163. ins under www seai ie ber Any further queries should be directed to the contacts under http www seai ie Your_Building BER BER Contact Info 112 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 TABLES Most of the following tables are sourced from the UK Standard Assessment Procedure SAP table numbers are retained where appropriate Not all SAP tables are used Some of these tables have been incorporated into the DEAP software to facilitate user input Table 1a Mean external temperature C Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5 3 5 5 7 0 8 3 11 0 13 5 15 5 15 2 13 3 10 4 75 6 0 Annual mean 9 9 Heating season mean Oct May 7 6 Source Met Eireann data Table 1b Monthly means of daily solar radiation on unshaded vertical and horizontal surfaces kWh m day Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec North 0 27 0 51 0 91 1 36 1 89 2 12 1 94 1 57 1 06 0 61 0 33 0 20 NE NW 0 27 0 53 1 02 1 68 2 34 249 2 28 1 92 1 29 0 69 0 33 0 20 E W 0 44 0 88 1 51 2 24 288 2 90 268 244 1 87 1 18 056 0 37 SE SW 0 94 1 53 205 260 3 02 288 2 74 269 2 35 1 84 1 19 0 87 South 1 22 1 93 237 266 286 2 67 259 266 2 56 2 23 1 55 1 15 Horizontal 0 64 1 31 2 31 3 58 4 77 486 452 3 96 2 81 1 64 084 0 50 Notes regarding window orientation 1 Use E W orientation when the orientation is not known 2 Fora roof window in a pitched roof with a pitch of less than 70 degrees use the value under North for orientation within 30 degrees
164. installed and not on the heating practices of the occupying household That does not preclude further estimates of energy consumption being made to take account of actual usage Such estimates are not part of DEAP but could form the basis of advice given to the occupying household on how to make best use of the systems at their disposal Table 7 gives the fraction of the heating that is assumed to be supplied by the secondary system The treatment of secondary systems is not affected by any control options for the secondary system If two systems are present and it is not clear which is the main or secondary system the system which is cheapest to use see A2 should be taken as the primary and if there is still doubt i e if they are both equally cheap to use select the system that heats the living room The other system can still be input as a secondary system but should be entered as a room heater so that its efficiency closely reflects but does not exceed that of the actual system as defined by Table 4a where using Table 4a defaults 48 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 If two types of secondary heater are present that which heats the greater number of rooms should be specified as the secondary system and the other secondary heaters ignored If that condition does not resolve the choice the system which is the cheapest to run should be specified A2 Procedure for determining the heating systems 1 Identify the main heating system If ther
165. it CPSU see Section B2 5 and a storage combination boiler with a larger primary store is that in a CPSU the feed to the space heating circuit is taken from the store while in a storage combi with a larger primary store the store does not feed the space heating circuit B2 2 Boilers 1998 or later If the ignition type is not known a boiler with a fan assisted flue may be assumed to have automatic ignition and one with an open flue to have a permanent pilot light B2 3 Boilers with fan assisted flue Low thermal capacity means a boiler either having a copper heat exchanger or having an internal water content not exceeding 5 litres If the position is uncertain the category of high thermal capacity should be used 51 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 B2 4 Boiler selected by date The date refers to the year of manufacture of the boiler If this is uncertain the older category should be used B2 5 Combined Primary Storage Unit CPSU A CPSU is defined in D 1 13 The store must be at least 70 litres if the store is less than 70 litres the appliance should be treated as a storage combination boiler A schematic illustration of a CPSU is shown in Figure B2 Note If the store is a different appliance from the boiler ie contained within a separate overall casing the system should be treated as a boiler with a thermal store as described in B3 aa jag y Space Hot heating load water Li
166. ith Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGDL requirements Building elements Floors Walls Roofs Doors Heat loss building element dimensions and U values Default U values may be used for existing dwellings When calculating a U value for a new or existing dwelling roof wall or floor in DEAP Assessors should use the Description entry for that element in DEAP to briefly describe how the U value was obtained The components of the building elements should be listed in the description insulation type and thickness plasterboard blocks etc Total Area U value for each element type Building elements Windows Window and glazed door dimensions orientations U values and shading characteristics Defaults may be used for new or existing dwellings Glazed area heat loss effective area for solar gain glazing ratio for daylight gain summer heat gain Building elements Heat loss results Thermal bridging factor Fabric heat loss total heat loss coefficient and heat loss parameter for dwelling Compliance check with Building Regulations fabric insulation requirements for Building Regulations 2005 2011 TGD Las appropriate for the dwelling Water heating Water heating system characteristics including supplementary electrical water heating and solar water heating Hot water heating demand solar hot water pump consumption primary circuit loss internal heat gains from hot water Lighting a
167. ix M and Appendix Q Section 13 2 provides details on use of the energy produced or saved section to contribute towards the renewable energy requirement of Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L 11 Energy emissions and costs Energy Requirements and Results tab DEAP enables users to calculate the following results both total and per m of total floor area All of these relate to the assumed standard occupancy the energy consumption patterns of real occupants vary widely 42 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Delivered energy in kWh year This corresponds to the energy consumption that normally appears on the energy bills for the assumed standardised occupancy and end uses considered Primary energy in kWh year This includes delivered energy plus an allowance for the energy overhead incurred in extracting processing and transporting a fuel or other energy carrier to the dwelling The generation efficiency of power stations is included Carbon dioxide emissions in kg CO per year Emissions are calculated on the basis of primary energy consumption e g emissions at power stations associated with the dwelling s electricity use are included Costs Current fuel costs may be calculated using the delivered energy for each fuel type in the energy requirements tab along with up to date domestic fuel cost under www seai ie statistics Table 10a and Table10b may be used in calculating on peak and off peak electricity fr
168. ixed position valve between the flow and return pipe can be used An automatic bypass valve controls the water flow in response to the water pressure difference typically by spring loading so that the bypass operates only to the extent needed to maintain a minimum flow rate through the system The control type TRVs programmer is a non interlocked system in the absence of other arrangements to provide the interlock function 9 3 11 Boiler energy manager Typically a device intended to improve boiler control using features such as weather compensation load compensation start control night setback frost protection anti cycling control and hot water over ride It is equivalent to a hard wired interlock weather compensation or load compensation 9 3 12 Time and temperature zone controls In order to specify time and temperature zone control it must be possible to program the heating times of at least two space heating zones independently in addition to independent temperature controls It is not necessary for these zones to correspond exactly with the zone division that defines the living area fraction Section 7 2 In the case of wet systems separate plumbing circuits are required either with its own programmer or separate channels in the same programmer By contrast TRVs provide only independent temperature control Time and temperature zone control can be specified for electric systems including under floor heating by providing
169. l walls Storey height is the total height between the ceiling surface of a given storey and the ceiling surface of the storey below For a single storey dwelling including single storey apartments or the lowest floor of a dwelling with more than one storey the measurement should be from floor surface up to ceiling surface In cases where the storey height varies in a single floor the area weighted average storey height should be used Floor area should be measured as the actual floor area i e if the height of a room extends to two storeys or more only the actual accessible floor area should be entered However as an exception to this rule in the case of stairs the floor area should be measured as if there were no stairs but a floor in their place at each level In general rooms and other spaces such as built in cupboards should be included in the calculation of the floor area where these are directly accessible from the occupied area of the dwelling However unheated spaces clearly divided from the dwelling should not be included The floor area of mezzanines or balconies in the dwelling should be counted under the dimensions section in DEAP The storey height of the floor below the mezzanine has height to the ceiling surface below the mezzanine Further guidance on floor area and unheated space identification as follows Porches e should be included if heated by fixed heating devices e should be included if there is direct acc
170. l walls thermal mass categories mostly light mostly massive mixed property and any extension For rooms in roof measure floor area only inside the dwelling Wall construction One of types from Table S3 also used for wall ventilation infiltration category Recorded separately for main dwelling and any extension Wall insulation for each wall One of types from Table 3 Recorded separately for main dwelling and any extension External cavity or internal insulation to be indicated only if added subsequent to original construction If it has only the insulation that was part of the original construction it is as built Roof construction One of types from Table S5 Recorded separately for main dwelling and any extension Roof insulation if not another dwelling above One of types from Table S5 Recorded separately for main dwelling and any extension Roof insulation thickness joists One of values from Table 4 For roof insulation at joist level and where can be accessed Recorded separately for main dwelling and any extension 109 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Item Data Comment Windows External window area orientation and detail on window construction as per Section 3 2 Percentage of opening areas that have draught stripping based on a count of openable windows doors and attic crawlspace hatches between the dwelling and the exterior
171. led gas Bottled gas is normally used only with gas room heaters In dwellings where the main heating system uses mains gas or bulk LPG any gas fired secondary system should use the same fuel as the main system 10 3 2 Electric systems A single electricity fuel type specified in Table 8 is used for all electricity fuelled heating systems See Table 10a for proportions of electricity used at the on peak and off peak rates This may be used in conjunction with latest fuel costs available on www seai ie statistics to determine expected dwelling heating system running costs but is not required when producing a BER assessment Integrated storage direct systems comprise a electric storage heaters with reduced storage capacity but incorporating a direct acting radiant heater designed to provide about 80 of the heat output from storage and about 20 from direct acting b underfloor heating designed to meet about 80 of the heating needs at off peak times and about 20 at on peak times This heating can be controlled by a low off peak tariff control which optimises the timing and extent of the off peak charge according to outside temperature and the quantity of stored 39 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 heat Low tariff control optimises the storage of heat in the floor during the off peak period and is modelled by a higher system responsiveness A secondary system is always to be specified when the main system is electric storage heating or o
172. les Room fully within the roof Therefore the approximation formula may be used Insulated at ceiling level Crr Frr Crr area of downstairs ceiling Frr floor area of room in roof entered under dimensions Heat loss area of downstairs ceiling Crr Frr entered in DEAP under roofs Arr Heat loss area of room in roof aute calculated by DEAP entered under roofs Room fully within the roof Therefore the approximation formula may be used Insulated at rafter level Crr area of downstairs ceiling Frr floor area of room in roof entered under dimensions Heat loss area of downstairs ceiling Crr Frr Q in this case Arr Heat loss area of room in roof aute calculated by DEAP entered under roofs Lo Upper storey included in the total floor area has walls other than gable S walls which are exposed Room in roof approximation not applicable The Fa walls and roofs of this upper storey are entered separately in DEAP An if l example of such a scenario would be a storey and a half dwelling 100 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 6 3 U values of floors next to the ground The floor U value is calculated according to I S EN ISO 13370 using its area and exposed perimeter and rounded to two decimal places The ratio of floor perimeter to area is the P A ratio The following parameters are used For solid ground f
173. lf are draught sealed using membranes or adhesives In the case of a carpet on a suspended ground floor while the carpet itself is unlikely to be airtight a carpet underlay may or may not be airtight depending on whether it is proven to extend to the edges of the floor and the material in the underlay is airtight When in doubt it should be assumed that the suspended ground floor is unsealed Air vents under the level of the suspended ground floor should not be included in intermittent fans and passive vents in the Ventilation tab The effect of these vents is already accounted for as part of the structural air tightness section The suspended wooden ground floor entry does not apply to dwellings such as mid floor or top floor apartments as these do not have a ground floor 2 4 Draught lobby A draught lobby is an arrangement of two doors that forms an airlock on the main entrance to the dwelling sized such that a person with a push chair or similar is able to close the outer door before opening the inner door To be specified as a draught lobby in a house in DEAP the enclosed space must satisfy all of the following criteria e Itis located at the main entrance of the dwelling i e the front door It is at least 2 m in floor area It has a minimum depth of 1 2m and a minimum width of 1 2m It opens via a single door into a circulation area such as a hall corridor or staircase The space is separated from the remainder of the dwel
174. ling by a single inner door although it may also have access to a cloakroom along with the single door to the circulation space e It may be heated or unheated An unheated draught lobby in the form of an external porch should not be counted as part of the floor area of the dwelling as described in Section 1 although it may still be counted as a draught lobby in the ventilation section However the door between the dwelling and the porch is an element adjacent to an unheated space and its U value should be calculated accordingly see Section 3 3 Apartments with access via an enclosed stairwell or corridor should be classified as having a draught lobby 2 5 Sheltered Sides A side of a building is sheltered if there are adjacent buildings or hedges trees obstructing the wind on that side of the building This applies at the time of the assessment or the expected time of dwelling completion for provisional assessments A side should be considered sheltered if all the following apply the obstacle providing the shelter is at least as high as the ceiling of the uppermost storey of the dwelling the distance between the obstacle and the dwelling is less than five times the height of the obstacle The Percentage of windows and doors draughtstripped is used to estimate air infiltration through gaps between the openable part of a door or window and the surrounding frame In practice it is unnecessary to measure the perimeter or area
175. loors wall thickness assumed at 300mm for U value calculations soil type default thermal conductivity 2 0 W m K Ry 0 17 m K W Ree 0 04 m K W floor type with 50mm screed all over floor insulation of thickness as per Table S6 with thermal conductivity 0 035 W m K For suspended floors height above external ground level 0 3 m average wind speed at 10 m height 5 m s wind shielding factor 0 05 ventilation openings per m exposed perimeter 0 003 m m U value of walls to underfloor space 1 5 W m K all over floor insulation of thickness as per Table S6 with thermal conductivity 0 04 W m K Note that non separated conservatory floors are to be treated as normal floors within the dwelling Table S6 Basis for floor U value calculation Age band All over floor insulation for solid or suspended floors A B C D E None ForG 12mm Horl 35mm J 50 mm This table also applies to heated basements or ground floors above unheated basements The exposed perimeter of a ground floor is the total length of the external wall dividing the dwelling ground floor from the external environment or from an unheated adjoining space The part of the dwelling perimeter that adjoins e g by a party wall other heated properties residential or commercial is not included For example e Ifa dwelling adjoins an unheated garage or unheated stairwell on one side the perimeter on that side is in
176. loss element For P A ratio of the basement for default U value calculation o Perimeter is the basement floor perimeter o Area for P A ratio calculation is the basement floor area b Basement heat loss area in the floors section of DEAP is the sum of basement floor area and basement walls exposed to ground In a semi detached or terraced house with a basement it is likely that the adjoining house has a basement Unless proven otherwise the adjoining basement should be assumed to be unheated c Basement walls above ground are to be entered separately as walls in DEAP using the default wall U values d The heated basement U value defaults apply to any basement with average depth below ground gt 1 2m e If average basement depth below ground lt 1 2m then o the basement floor is considered to be a solid ground floor for the purposes of determining its default U value o all basement walls are entered as walls in DEAP using the default wall U values 104 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 6 6 Allowance for thermal bridging The thermal bridging factor y is defaulted at 0 15 W m K S7 Solar gains Solar gains are calculated as for new dwellings S8 Window U values and g values Section 3 2 outlines when values in Table S9 should be used for U value and solar transmittance derivation The survey process provides information on window area glazing type age frame type and orientation Table S9 Window default characteristics
177. me form of words in order to ascertain that the efficiency value referred to is appropriate for DEAP calculations The SEDBUK 2005 efficiency for SAP calculations in the UK is equally acceptable Range cooker boilers with twin burners are covered by D5 and D6 D1 Definitions D1 1 Boiler A gas or liquid fuelled appliance designed to provide hot water for space heating It may be designed to provide domestic hot water as well D1 2 Condensing boiler A boiler designed to make use of the latent heat released by the condensation of water vapour in the combustion flue products The boiler must allow the condensate to leave the heat exchanger in liquid form by way of a condensate drain Condensing may only be applied to the definitions D1 3 to D1 14 inclusive Boilers not so designed or without the means to remove the condensate in liquid form are called non condensing D1 3 Regular boiler A boiler providing domestic hot water indirectly via a separate hot water storage cylinder which does not have the capability to provide domestic hot water directly i e not a combination boiler D1 4 On off regular boiler A regular boiler without the capability to vary the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing This includes those with alternative burning rates set once only at time of installation referred to as range rating D1 5 Modulating regular boiler A regular boiler with the capability to vary t
178. ments and a main water and space heating fuel type must be specified at all times The DEAP software displays a figure for Solar Fraction indicating the proportion of the solar hot water yield relative to the total dwelling hot water demand If this figure is greater than 60 for a solar water heating system it is likely that the system is oversized and the system design may need to be reconsidered In the case of solar space and water heating systems solar fraction may exceed 60 System designers should refer to the document SR 50 2 2010 Code of practice for building services Part 2 Solar Panels to be published by NSAI 45 Group Heating also called community or district heating Where hot water is provided from a group heating scheme a If there is a hot water cylinder within the dwelling its size and the appropriate loss factor should be used b Ifthe DHW is provided from the group scheme via a plate heat exchanger use the volume and insulation of the heat exchanger rounded upwards to the nearest litre if there are plate heat exchangers for both space and water heating use the volume of both added together c Section H2 outlines treatment of group DHW solar heating schemes Where solar water heating is provided from a larger shared solar water heating system the total area of the solar panels is divided amongst the dwellings served by the solar water heating system proportionate to the total floor area of each dwelling
179. mes provide DHW only with the space heating provided by heaters in each dwelling In this case the specification and calculation of space heating is the same as for a dwelling not connected to a group scheme This includes a main heating system and secondary heaters A DHW only group scheme can be from group boilers from a group heat pump from a group CHP solar water heating in a group scheme is detailed in Section H2 Data required are fuel used by group scheme efficiency of group boilers heat pump or CHP entered as the individual system water heating efficiency if CHP the heat to power ratio heat distribution characteristics for the distribution loss factor Table 9 as the water heating efficiency adjustment factor hot water storage following guidance from Section 4 5 The efficiency adjustment factor Table 4c 3 is not applicable 57 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix D Method of determining gross seasonal efficiency values for gas and oil boilers This Appendix sets out the method to be used to determine the gross seasonal efficiency of domestic boilers in Ireland for inclusion in the HARP database for particular gas and oil boilers when test data have been obtained to establish conformity with Council Directive 92 42 EEC Manufacturers declarations of gross seasonal efficiency values so calculated should be accompanied by the form of words in D3 and DEAP Assessors should look for the sa
180. mostat A cylinder thermostat measures the temperature of the hot water cylinder and switch on and off the water heating A single target temperature may be set by the user A TRV on the cylinder or a thermostat on the cylinder pipework will not achieve this level of control and are not considered to act as a cylinder thermostat 9 3 8 Flow switch A flow switch detects when there is no water flow because the TRVs on all radiators are closed 9 3 9 Boiler interlock This is not a physical device but an arrangement of the system controls ensuring that the boiler does not fire when there is no demand for heat Boiler interlock can be achieved by correct wiring interconnections between the room thermostat cylinder thermostat and motorised valve s It may also be achieved by a suitable boiler energy manager Boiler interlock can be achieved for combi boilers by fitting a room thermostat In systems without an interlock the oil or gas boiler cycles even though no water circulates through the main radiators or to the hot water cylinder Boiler cycling reduces operating efficiency and Table 4c specifies that a gross seasonal efficiency reduction of 5 should be made for such oil or gas fuelled systems Interlocked systems are systems where both the space and water heating are interlocked and a reduction is not applied to system efficiency A cylinder thermostat normally shuts down the primary circuit pump when the hot water temperature set point is reac
181. mp electrically powered 75 Solar water heating pump PV powered 0 Notes a Default values applied by DEAP Multiply by a factor of 1 3 if room thermostat is absent b Applies to all oil boilers that provide main heating but not if boiler provides hot water only c The same motor operates both the pump and the flue fan This is usually inside the oil boiler d If the heating system is a warm air unit and there is whole house ventilation the electricity for warm air circulation should not be included in addition to the electricity for mechanical ventilation V is the volume of the dwelling The electric fan on fan coil radiators is recorded in the DEAP distribution system losses and gains tab under this entry e See notes to Table 3a for the definition of keep hot facility f In the case of an untimed electrically powered keep hot facility where the power rating of the keep hot heater is obtained from the Boiler Efficiency database the electricity consumed for maintaining the keep hot facility should be taken as electricity consumed 8 76 x P kWh year where P is the power rating in watts g SFP is specific fan power in W litre sec see paragraph 2 6 and Table 4g V is volume of the dwelling in m 127 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Note on use of non default central heating pump electricity consumption For integrated central heating pumps pump not separate from boiler defaults are taken from Table 4f Boiler controlled
182. n 3 2 1 Appendix P Assessment of internal temperature in summer This Appendix provides a method for assessing the propensity of a dwelling to have high internal temperature in hot weather It does not provide an estimate of cooling needs The procedure is not integral to DEAP and does not affect the BER result The calculation is related to the factors that contribute to internal temperature solar gain taking account of orientation shading and glazing transmission ventilation taking account of window opening in hot weather thermal capacity and mean summer temperature for the location of the dwelling P1 1 Assessment procedure Obtain a value for the effective air change rate during hot weather Indicative values are given in Table P1 Table P1 Effective air change rate Window opening Effective air change rate in ach Trickle Windows slightly Windows open Windows vents only open 50 mm half the time fully open Single storey dwelling 0 1 0 8 3 6 bungalow flat Cross ventilation possible Single storey dwelling 0 1 0 5 2 4 bungalow flat Cross ventilation not possible Dwelling of two or more storeys 0 2 1 4 8 windows open upstairs and downstairs Cross ventilation possible Dwelling of two or more storeys 0 1 0 6 2 5 5 windows open upstairs and downstairs Cross ventilation not possible 2 Cross ventilation can be assumed only if the at least half of the storeys in the dwelling
183. n Table 4e for control options Gas fired warm air with fan assisted flue Ducted on off control pre 1998 Ducted on off control 1998 or later Ducted modulating control pre 1998 Ducted modulating control 1998 or later Roomheater with in floor ducts Gas fired warm air with balanced or open flue Ducted or stub ducted On off control pre 1998 Ducted or stub ducted On off control 1998 or later Ducted or stub ducted modulating control pre 1998 Ducted or stub ducted modulating control 1998 or later Ducted or stub ducted with flue heat recovery Condensing Oil fired warm air Ducted output on off control Ducted output modulating control Stub duct system Electric warm air Electricaire system Heat pumps Refer to Group 2 in Table 4e for control options Ground to air heat pump electric Ground to air heat pump with auxiliary heater electric Water to air heat pump electric Air to air heat pump electric Gas fired ground or water source Gas fired air source ROOM HEATERS Refer to Group 6 in Table 4e for control options If declared efficiency is available see Appendix E use instead of value from table Gas including LPG room heaters Gas fire open flue pre 1980 open front 119 100 100 100 100 70 76 72 78 69 70 76 72 78 85 81 70 72 70 100 320 300 300 250 120 110 50 Version 3 2 1 a A E oe oY wao a a a a E E S A E ET DEAP Manual Gas fire o
184. n accordance with MEASNET standards or similar http www measnet com While the default average is 5m s actual wind speeds will clearly vary 82 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 6 The electricity produced is entered as energy produced saved in DEAP with associated primary energy factor and carbon dioxide emissions factor for electricity from Table 8 This electricity produced value is entered under Delivered Energy and Part L contribution with type set to Renewable Electrical 7 For calculation of the cost savings the factor B is taken from Section M1 Ewind taken from monitored annual kWh figure year Monitored windspoed Svailsdie Sel wind speed to Sms x correction factor Table M2 o depending on obstacles Sei CP xGxlEw024 Pwind CP x G x IE x A x PA Ewind Niurbines x Pwind x 1 9 x 8766 x 0 001 Use resulting Ewind in energy produced or saved in DEAP Figure M2 Calculation method summary for micro wind turbines Table M2 Wind speed correction factors Terrain type Height of Turbine hub above tallest nearby Correction objects m Factor Dense urban city centres with mostly closely 10 0 56 spaced buildings of four storeys or higher 5 0 51 2 0 40 0 0 28 Low rise urban suburban town or village 6 0 67 situations with other buildings well spaced 4 0 61 2 0 53 0 0 39 Rural open country with occasional houses and 12 1 00
185. n documentation within the dwelling specification is obtained by the BER Assessor detailing that the entire space heating emitter system is intended to run at a lower temperature than that specified above then a higher space heating efficiency adjustment factor may be used for the heat pump up to a maximum value of 1 0 For example if system design documentation details that a system containing fan coil radiators and underfloor heating is designed to run at the same temperature as underfloor heating 35 C then the efficiency adjustment factor is assumed to be 1 0 in DEAP Likewise if system design specification shows that a system containing standard radiators and underfloor heating is designed to run at a medium temperature 40 C an efficiency adjustment factor of 0 85 may be used The guidance above is based on the premise that systems with radiators standard or fan coil operate at temperatures above the temperatures encountered using underfloor heating only Lower temperatures than those specified in the table above and therefore improved efficiency adjustment factors may be assumed only where design specifications for the actual dwelling clearly demonstrate that the system is designed to operate at lower temperatures In the design specifications a heat loss calculation should be performed as detailed in SR 50 1 2010 Code of practice for building services Part 1 Domestic plumbing amp heating Section 7 The heat emitter should be
186. n factor f Natural gas 0 901 LPG propane or butane Oil kerosene or gas oil or other biofuel 5 Categorise the boiler a Select the appropriate category for the boiler according to the definitions given in D1 b Ifa gas or LPG boiler determine whether it has a permanent pilot light if it has a permanent pilot light set p 1 if not set p 0 c Inthe case of a storage combination boiler either on off or modulating determine from the test report whether the losses from the store were included in the values reported this depends on whether the store was connected to the boiler during the tests if the store loss is included set b 1 if not set b 0 d In the case of a storage combination boiler or a CPSU obtain the store volume Ves in litres from the specification of the device and the standby loss factor L using the following equation ift lt 10 mm L 0 0945 0 0055t 60 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 ift gt 10mm L 0 394 t where t is the thickness of the insulation of the store in mm 6 Calculate gross seasonal efficiency a Use the boiler category and other characteristics as defined in D1 non condensing or condensing gas or LPG or oil on off or modulating to look up the appropriate HARP equation number in Table D2 3 If no equation number is given the calculation cannot proceed Otherwise select the appropriate equation from Table D2 4 or Table D2 5 b Substitute the gross full and p
187. n the relevant drawings such as those from the Acceptable Construction Details and associated sign off in support of thermal bridging factor entered 2 y 0 11 W mK Only applies to new dwellings where Building Regulations 2005 TGD L applies This value may be used when sign off by the developer builder site engineer or architect indicates that all details in the dwelling have been constructed in accordance with both i Diagrams 3 and 4 and Sections 1 2 4 and 1 2 5 of Building Regulations 2005 TGD L ii The details set out in the Homebond publication Right on Site Issue No 28 or the 5 or later editions of the Homebond Manual 3 Alternatively values of Y can be determined from the results of numerical modelling or they can be derived from measurement If the junction detail is as recommended in Acceptable Construction Details ACDs the value associated with that junction can be taken from TGD L 2011 Appendix D or from Introduction Document for Acceptable Construction Details or other certified Y values Again the drawing details used must be signed by the relevant personnel mentioned above and kept on file by the BER Assessor Once the Y values adhere to these requirements then junction lengths with valid Y values are used to determine the thermal bridging y factor for use in DEAP SEAI have developed a tool to carry out this calculation as discussed on the BER FAQ Y values must be based on the tables in TGD L Appendix D base
188. nd all secondary systems 0 10 group heating systems Micro cogeneration all secondary systems see Appendix N Electric storage heaters not integrated all secondary systems not fan assisted 0 15 fan assisted 0 10 Integrated storage direct acting electric 0 10 systems i Electric CPSU 0 10 Electric room heaters 0 20 Other electric systems 0 10 Notes 1 See also Appendix A 2 Ifan off peak tariff is present an electric secondary heater uses the on peak tariff Main source SAP 2005 133 DEAP Manual Table 8 Fuel data Primary Emissions Fuel energy kg CO factor per kWh Gas mains gas 1 1 0 203 bulk LPG propane or butane 1 1 0 232 bottled LPG 1 1 0 232 Oil heating oil 1 1 0 272 Biodiesel from renewable sources only 1 3 0 047 Bioethanol from renewable sources only 1 34 0 064 Solid fuel house coal 1 1 0 361 Anthracite 1 1 0 361 manufactured smokeless fuel 1 2 0 392 peat briquettes 1 1 0 377 sod peat 1 1 0 375 wood logs 1 1 0 025 E in bags for secondary 1 1 0 025 Se bulk supply for main 1 1 0 025 wood chips 1 1 0 025 solid multi fuel 1 1 0 369 electricity 8 8 electricity displaced from grid 8 8 Group heating schemes heat from boilers gas oil solid fuel as above as above heat from heat pump as above as above heat from boilers waste combustion 1 1 0 057 heat from boilers biomass or biogas 1 1 0 025 waste heat from power stations 1 05 0 018 heat from CHP as
189. nd internal gains Proportion of fixed lighting outlets that are low energy Annual energy use for lighting internal seasonal heat gains from lighting and heat gains Net space heat demand Thermal mass category Mean internal temperature annual useful space heat demand from monthly calculations allowing for intermittency solar DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Tab Main user entry actions Visible calculated outcome and internal heat gain utilisation Distribution system losses and gains Heating system control category responsiveness category heat emission characteristics pumps and fans Annual space heat demand allowing for control responsiveness heat emission and equipment heat gain characteristics Energy requirements Individual heating system Individual heating systems Space and water heating appliance efficiency and fuel characteristics Combined heat and power plant characteristics Annual fuel consumption for space and water heating CO2 emissions Energy requirements Group heating Community group heating schemes Space and water heating appliance efficiency and fuel characteristics Combined heat and power plant characteristics Annual fuel consumption for space and water heating CO2 emissions Summer internal temperature optional Effective air change rate of dwelling Threshold internal temperature Results None
190. new dwellings with no heating system specified For group community heating schemes and combined heat and power see Appendix C A heating system supplying more than one dwelling should be regarded as a group scheme This includes schemes for blocks of flats in addition to extended district schemes For an electric combined primary storage unit CPSU see Appendix F For heat pumps see Appendix G 9 2 Heating system efficiency 9 2 1 Heating systems based on a gas or oil boiler Boiler efficiency may be obtained from a The HARP database b Certified data from an accredited laboratory c Table 4b The preferred source of boiler efficiency is the Home Heating Appliance Register of Performance HARP database If a new boiler is not included in the HARP database data certified as explained in paragraph D3 of Appendix D should be used If there is no entry in the database and certified data is not available an indicative gross seasonal efficiency should be taken from Table 4b The HARP database is updated monthly and may be viewed on the website www seai ie harp Where it is not clear if the installed boiler is the same as the boiler listed on HARP for example the full name is not visible on the boiler on site then a HARP entry can be used if one of the following is available and clearly equates the boiler in the dwelling to a HARP entry e Boiler installation manuals or instruction manuals for the dwelling s boiler e Statemen
191. ng the staircase is open to the dwelling This is counted as an extra storey Pitched roofs There are three main types of pitched roof construction 1 pitched roof with insulation at ceiling level insulated between and perhaps also above joists shown in a below The flat ceiling area and ceiling U value are entered in calculating the heat loss for the roof in the DEAP Building Elements section in this case 2 pitched roof insulated at rafter level no insulation at ceiling level insulated between and or above rafters warm roof with a non ventilated loft space but with a ventilated space between the insulation and the roof covering shown in b below The flat ceiling area and ceiling U value are entered in the DEAP Building Elements section as the heat loss roof accounting for the insulation at rafter level as per BRE 443 3 pitched roof insulated either at ceiling level or at rafter level with roof space converted into habitable space shown respectively in c and d below Section 3 3 5 provides guidance on derivation of the heat loss area and U values of the room in roof Cold roof Warm roof space l lt 2 space a a Insulation at ceiling level Insulation at rafter level In the cases of a and b the roof space should not be entered as a separate storey 3 Ventilated Room in roof c Room in roof built into a Room in roof built into a pitched roof insulated at rafter level aes roof insulated at ceiling le
192. ng equipment e hot water cylinders e the store volume of storage combination boilers where boiler efficiency is derived from test data e thermal stores e combined primary storage units CPSUs e group heating schemes Water storage losses are set to zero for instantaneous combi boilers and instantaneous water heaters Heat gains are allocated to the dwelling from the hot water storage in cases where the cylinder is within the heated dwelling space For cylinders the preferred way of establishing cylinder losses is from measured data according to BS 1566 or IS EN 12897 Cylinder standing losses may also be stated on an Irish Agrement Certificate or equivalent For thermal stores and CPSUs including electric CPSUs the preferred way of establishing heat losses is from measured data on the thermal store or CPSU concerned If measured data is not available a default value is used this is calculated on the Water Heating tab based on insulation type and thickness and cylinder volume In all cases the loss rate is to be multiplied by a temperature factor from Table 2 This factor accounts for the average temperature of the cylinder or thermal store under typical operating conditions compared to its temperature under test Hot water storage volume is determined using the guidance in Table 2a For combi boilers the storage loss factor is zero if the efficiency is taken from Table 4b The loss is included for a storage combination b
193. not need to meet the U value requirement for external walls Please refer to the TGD L 2008 and 2011 for further guidance DEAP allows the BER Assessor to exclude these walls from fabric U value compliance checking under these circumstances These walls are still considered to be heat loss walls and as per Section 3 3 an Ry value should be applied to this semi exposed heat loss wall by the BER Assessor If an Assessor is asked by a client to carry out a BER on a new dwelling where TGD L 2002 or earlier applies the Assessor should notify the client that DEAP is not designed to carry out compliance checking to these earlier regulations However DEAP TGD L 2005 fabric insulation compliance checking can be used for Elemental Heat Loss and Overall Heat Loss method for TGD L 2002 TGD L 2002 and TGD L 2005 fabric insulation requirements are the same Compliance checking using the Heat Energy Rating method should be calculated as per Section 1 4 of TGD L 2002 although the Assessor does not have a role in carrying out the Heat Energy Rating The BER Assessor should also ensure that the client is made aware of the applicable TGD L detail on e Thermal bridging e Air Infiltration e Heating Controls e Insulation of Hot Water Storage Vessels Pipes and Ducts 44 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 References Main references IS EN ISO 13790 2004 Thermal performance of buildings calculation of energy use for space heating UK Standard Assessment Pr
194. nt that instantaneous generation exceeds instantaneous electricity demand is exported to the grid If CHP details cannot be ascertained they are defaulted to the following the percentages below are entered as a fraction in the DEAP software e fraction of heat from CHP 0 30 e CHP overall efficiency 75 heat to electrical power ratio 2 0 CHP electrical efficiency 25 CHP thermal efficiency 50 N2 CHP installation in an individual heating system The DEAP user enters the fraction of the total main space and water heat derived from CHP thermal output under the Energy Requirements tab Space Heating section DEAP calculates the total main space heating demand as the value Annual Space Heating Demand shown on the Distribution System Losses and Gains tab minus the Fraction of Heat from Secondary Supplementary System The total main water heating demand is the value Output from Main Water Heater shown on the DEAP Water Heating tab The Fuel Data section of the Energy Requirements tab allows the user enter the thermal efficiency CHP Hn and electrical efficiency CHP En for the installed CHP unit as well as the fuel used in the CHP unit DEAP calculates the total energy delivered to the CHP unit based on the CHP thermal output and the CHP thermal efficiency DEAP calculates the total electrical energy generated by the CHP unit based on energy delivered to the CHP unit and the CHP
195. o the opaque area b entering the fa ade U value for the window U value applied to the glazed area c assigning a frame factor of 1 0 to the windows The fa ade U value includes all effects of thermal bridging within the facade It is therefore permissible to calculate the thermal bridging heat loss with the lengths of window surrounds set to zero All other junctions are included as normal as described in Appendix K Guidance in relation to rainscreen cladding and their effect on U values is given in BRE 443 Section 4 3 7 Including glass block walls in DEAP A wall consisting of glass blocks can sometimes be used in a dwelling in place of a normal wall or window The thermal conductivity of glass 1 05W mK taken from CIBSE Guide A may be used in place of certified thermal conductivity for the glass in a glass block wall After the glass thickness is measured the U value can then be determined The glass block wall may be entered as a window or a wall in DEAP If there is a certified solar transmittance value and U value available for the glass blocks then it may be entered as a window in DEAP In the case where there is no certified U value and solar transmittance data the glass block wall should be entered as a wall thick glass will absorb more light than thin glass so the values in Table 6b of the DEAP manual should not be used In the absence of other information the thermal bridging effect of the adhesive between the glas
196. ocedure SAP published on behalf of DEFRA by BRE http www bre co uk 2005 2011 Building Regulations Technical Guidance Document L Conservation of Fuel and Energy http www environ ie en TGD Action Plan for Implementation of the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in Ireland www epbd ie Key documents Limiting Thermal Bridging and Air Infiltration Acceptable Construction Details http www environ ie en TGD Other references 1 Anderson BR Clark AJ Baldwin R and Milbank NO BREDEM The BRE Domestic Energy Model background philosophy and description BRE Report BR 66 BRE Garston 1985 2 Henderson G and Shorrock LD BREDEM BRE Domestic Energy Model testing the predictions of a two zone model Building Services Engineering Research amp Technology 7 2 1986 pp 87 91 3 Shorrock LD and Anderson BR A guide to the development of BREDEM BRE Information Paper IP 4 95 BRE Garston 1995 4 Anderson BR Chapman PF Cutland NG Dickson CM Henderson G Henderson JH Iles PJ Kosmina L and Shorrock LD BREDEM 12 Model description 2001 update BRE Garston 2001 5 Anderson BR Energy assessment for dwellings using BREDEM worksheets BRE Information Paper IP 13 88 BRE Garston 1988 6 CIBSE Guide A3 The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers CIBSE London 1999 7 Basements for dwellings Approved Document British Cement Association BCA Crowthorne 1997 ISBN
197. ods given in Table E1 Table E2 and Table E3 may be used to establish a seasonal efficiency for DEAP calculations The methods give comparable results Table E1 Recognised efficiency test methods for gas heaters IS EN 613 2001 Independent gas fired convection heaters IS EN 13278 2003 Open fronted gas fired independent space heaters IS EN 1266 2002 Independent gas fired convection heaters incorporating a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and or flue gases BS 7977 1 2002 Specification for safety and rational use of energy of gas domestic appliances Part 1 Radiant Convectors BS 7977 2 2003 Specification for safety and rational use of energy of gas domestic appliances Part 2 Combined appliances Gas fire back boiler Table E2 Recognised efficiency test method for oil heaters OFS A102 1999 Oil fired room heaters with atomising or vaporising burners with or without boilers heat output up to 25 kW Table E3 Recognised efficiency test method for solid fuel room heaters IS EN 13240 2001 Roomheaters fired by solid fuel Requirements and test methods IS EN 13229 2001 Inset appliances including open fires fired by solid fuels Requirements and test methods IS EN 14785 2006 Inset appliances Residential space heating appliances fired by wood pellets Requirements and test methods Efficiency test results are normally calculated using the net calorific value of fuel Before a declaration can be made conversion to gross must be
198. of the heating system A slow response heating system can significantly reduce the usefulness of fluctuating heat gains In DEAP the heating season is defined as running from October to May inclusive The annual space heat use is the sum of monthly values for these eight months 9 Space heating requirements Distribution System Losses and Gains and Energy Requirements tabs The annual energy required from the actual as distinct from notional ideal heating system for space heating purposes is calculated taking account not only of annual space heat use as described in Section 8 but also imperfect control and responsiveness of the heating system and additional heat loss associated with under floor heating where applicable This is termed the annual space heating requirement in the Distribution System Losses and Gains tab The benefit of heat gains associated with electricity consumption by heating system pumps and fans is also included applying an average utilisation factor as determined from the Net Space Heat Demand tab The quantity of fuel or electric energy required to meet the annual space heating requirement is calculated using the seasonal efficiency of the space heating system s in the dwelling obtained from the Home Heating Appliance Register of Performance HARP database or from Table 4a or 4b A similar calculation is carried out in respect of hot water heating applying results carried forward from
199. oiler if its heating efficiency is based on certified data or is obtained from the Home Heating Appliance Register of Performance the HARP database using the calculated hot water storage loss factor and volume on the Water Heating tab and the temperature factor from Table 2 The insulation thickness and volume should be provided by the manufacturer or obtained from HARP 4 3 Primary Circuit Losses For boiler or heat pump systems with separate hot water storage primary losses are incurred in transferring heat from the boiler to the storage values for primary losses are obtained from Table 3 For combi boilers the additional losses in Table 3a are included to allow for the draw off of water until an adequate temperature at 28 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 the taps is attained The data in Table 3a are provisional pending the availability of test results based on relevant EN standards currently under development on the basis of EU Commission Mandate 324 to CEN The efficiency for both space and water heating is reduced by 5 if a gas or oil boiler is not interlocked for both space and water heating see Section 9 3 9 44 Solar Water Heating A solar water collector coupled with solar water storage reduces the fuel needed for DHW see Appendix H The solar water storage can heat the lower part of a multi heat source cylinder or as a separate solar cylinder Solar water heating cannot provide all of the hot water or space heating require
200. one but not heating alone A standard programmer uses the same time settings for space heating and hot water A full programmer allows the time settings for space heating and hot water to be fully independent A programmer may be specified in the following cases e Where the main space heating system also heats water such as a boiler heating radiators and hot water cylinder coil and there is time control of main space and water heating This can be combined time control of space and water heating or separate time control thereof e Where the main space heating system does not heat water such as a boiler heating radiators only and there is time control of main space heating 9 3 4 Programmable room thermostat A combined time switch and room thermostat allowing user defined occupancy periods with different target temperatures for space heating usually in a daily or weekly cycle 9 3 5 Delayed start thermostat A device or feature within a device to delay the chosen starting time for space heating according to the temperature measured inside or outside the building 9 3 6 Thermostatic radiator valve TRV A radiator valve with an air temperature sensor used to control the heat output from the radiator by adjusting water flow As shown in Table 4e a programmer and TRVs are generally required to affect the calculated energy use At least 50 of the dwelling s radiators should have TRVs to select this option in DEAP 9 3 7 Cylinder ther
201. oof The storey height for the room in roof is 2 2 0 25 2 45 m The residual roof area area of roof less the floor area of room s in roof has a default U value according to its insulation thickness or Table S5 The default room in roof U value is taken from Table S5 Further detail on the room in roof approximation It is acceptable to use the equation for all room in roof shapes for existing dwellings The room in roof approximation should not be used for single storey apartments entirely within the roof To account for a room in roof for an existing dwelling 1 Take a room in roof with floor area Frr where Frr is part of a ceiling of the storey below of area Crr 2 Determine the exposed ceiling heat loss area of the storey below not including the room in roof area This is entered under roofs in building elements with area Crr Frr 3 Frr is entered under the dimensions tab in DEAP as a room in roof floor area along with average height of the actual room in roof 4 Under building elements roofs select room in roof insulated on side a Use the default U value listed on this tab without using an Ru adjustment or if another U value can be used for the entire room in roof using supporting evidence use this non default U value b The automatically calculated area Arr includes all walls and roof sections in the room in roof Openings should not be subtracted from Arr as it is an approximation Windows in the
202. oor internal partition etc is determined primarily by the properties of the layers adjacent to the living space Thermal capacity deep within an element e g 10 cm or more contributes little to heat storage under a typical daily internal temperature cycle The index of internal heat capacity required is the thermal mass category of the dwelling The five options are low medium low medium medium high or high The category is determined using the following procedure 1 First each opaque element type of the dwelling walls ceilings floors both external exposed and internal should be classed as either thermally light or thermally massive by selecting the class of the construction in Table 11a most closely matching the construction in question 2 The ratio of total area of thermally massive elements to total floor area AmAf is then determined for example if a bungalow has a concrete floor with insulation below the slab and all other elements are thermally light the ratio is 1 Where internal elements e g intermediate floors or internal partitions are thermally massive on both sides both sides should be included 3 The thermal mass category of the dwelling is then obtained by locating the AmAf ratio in Table 11 that is closest to the calculated one Further notes on the procedure Thermally massive wall or roof areas should not include window and door areas as these are thermally lig
203. or unheated spaces as described in Section 2 3 Ventilation Openings Count of chimneys open flues flueless combustion roomheaters intermittent fans and passive vents to be done in survey Identify any whole house mechanical ventilation system present as one of positive input ventilation from loft positive input ventilation from outside whole house extract ventilation balanced whole house ventilation without heat recovery balanced whole house ventilation with heat recovery Identify presence of a draught lobby Identify presence of sealed or unsealed suspended timber ground floor Number of storeys in dwelling Count of sheltered sides to be defaulted to 0 if the number of sheltered sides cannot be determined and supported Low energy lights Low energy lighting counted as per new dwellings Main heating system Fuel for main heating Boiler identification if possible otherwise system according to Table 4a 4b If boiler can be identified its characteristics are obtained via the HARP database Heat emitter type one of radiators underfloor fan coil radiators low temperature radiators other If underfloor is the floor a heat loss element Heating system pumps and fans oil fuel pump flue fans central heating pumps The gas boiler flue fan may be at the air intake or exhaust gas outlet of the gas boiler A gas boiler is likely to have a flue fan and an oil boil
204. ot have supplementary electric water heating during summer specified These systems include the following note that any switches or valves must be accessible by the home owner and may or may not be located on the boiler control panel 1 Full time and temperature control for DHW separate from space heating 2 Separate zoned time control DHW separate from space heating with no temperature control 3 A summer winter switch that either controls a motorized valve or a separate pump for the hot water only to be separated from the space heating 4 Boiler with a time clock and a switch to turn off the heating of the space and not of the DHW 5 Boiler with just a time clock and a manual pipe valve to turn off the heating to the space 6 Room thermostats capable of turning off all space heating without affecting water heating The following systems should have supplementary electric water heating during summer specified as the water heating and space heating functions are not independent 1 Individual radiator shut off valves as the only means of switching off space heating 2 Solid fuel stove with back boiler or other solid fuel back boiler appliance located in the heated dwelling providing space heating and main hot water source from the back boiler 3 Boiler with just a single time clock and none of the switches or valves outlined above Where there is a heat pump with an immersion then supplementary electric water heating
205. panel at the back evacuated tube an absorber with a selective coating is enclosed in a sealed glass vacuum tube The performance of a solar collector is represented by its zero loss efficiency proportion of incident solar radiation absorbed in the absence of thermal loss and its heat loss coefficient heat loss from collector to the environment per unit area and unit temperature difference The solar contribution to domestic hot water is given by Q Sx Zpanel x Aap x No X UF x f a no x F Ver Va H1 where Q solar input kWh year S total solar radiation on collector kWh m year Zpanel Overshading factor for the solar panel Aap aperture area of collector m no zero loss collector efficiency UF utilisation factor a linear heat loss coefficient of collector W mK f a no collector performance factor see H10 below Ver effective solar volume litres Va daily hot water demand litres f Ver Va solar storage volume factor 1 0 0 2 IN Ver Va The collector s gross area is the projected area of complete collector excluding any integral means of mounting and pipework The aperture area is the opening that admits solar radiation Solar panel performance can be taken from one of three sources a The HARP database b Certified data for the collector concerned according to IS EN 12975 2 Thermal solar systems and components Solar collectors Part 2 Test methods The aperture area and the performanc
206. pen flue 1980 or later open fronted sitting proud of and sealed to fireplace opening Gas fire or wall heater balanced flue Gas fire open flue open fronted sitting proud of and sealed to fireplace opening with back boiler unit Flush fitting Live Fuel Effect gas fire open fronted sealed to fireplace opening with back boiler unit Gas fire closed front fan assisted Condensing gas fire Flush fitting Live Fuel Effect gas fire open fronted sealed to fireplace opening Flush fitting Live Fuel Effect gas fire open fronted fan assisted sealed to fireplace opening Decorative Fuel Effect gas fire open to chimney Gas fire flueless add additional ventilation requirements under Ventilation Oil room heaters Room heater pre 2000 Room heater 2000 or later Room heater with boiler no radiators pre 2000 Room heater with boiler no radiators 2000 or later Solid fuel room heaters Open fire in grate Open fire with back boiler no radiators Closed room heater Closed room heater with boiler no radiators Stove pellet fired with or without back boiler Electric direct acting room heaters Panel convector or radiant heaters Fan heaters Portable electric heaters includes water or oil filled electric radiators Other roomheaters Bioethanol fires flueless OTHER SPACE HEATING SYSTEMS Refer to Group 7 in Table 4e for control options Electric ceiling heating 120 63 58 63
207. pendent on how much the view of the sky through the glazing is blocked The categories are defined in Table 6d as a percentage of sky obscured by obstacles the average category applies in many cases and can be used for DEAP calculations if the over shading is not known 6 2 Openings for which solar gain is included Openings should be classified as windows glazed doors or solid doors according to the percentage of glazed area the percentage of total area of opening that is glass i e excluding framing mullions transoms solid panels etc For DEAP calculations the following definitions apply Category Description Glazing area Solar gain included 1 Solid door lt 30 No entered under Doors in DEAP 2 Glazed door 30 60 No entered under Doors in DEAP 3 Window gt 60 Yes entered under Windows in DEAP 4 Roof Window All Cases Yes entered under Windows in DEAP Doors with large glazed areas generally more than 60 as per the table above should be treated as windows No allowance should be made for solar gain via doors in categories 1 and 2 even though they have some glazing French windows often have a high percentage of frame relative to glazing around 50 and are classified as glazed doors 6 3 More than one glazing type Where a dwelling has more than one type of glazing e g some double glazing and some single glazing the gains should be calculated separately for each glazing type 7 Mean
208. pplementary information not available from the site survey Asset rating The energy performance of buildings is typically expressed as an asset rating based on calculated energy use under standardised occupancy conditions or an operational rating based on metered energy DEAP uses the building fabric and heating system details to calculate the dwelling energy use and is therefore an asset rating DEAP assumes the dwelling is used by standard notional or typical occupants and is not affected by the current occupants e g the heating system operating hours and temperature set points are fixed Dwelling type The dwelling forms or types identified in DEAP are Ground floor apartment Mid floor apartment Top floor apartment End of Terrace house Mid terrace house Semi detached house Detached house Maisonette Basement apartment The classification of a house as detached semi detached or terraced depends on how it adjoins the neighbouring buildings A side is considered attached if more than half of its area adjoins a heated space Otherwise it is not attached for the purposes of identifying dwelling type A maisonette is an apartment with its own external main entrance at ground level It may or may not have more than one storey Purpose of rating DEAP allows the BER Assessor with guidance from the client to record the reason why the BER assessment is carried out The options under this Purpose of Rating category are e New dwelling
209. r SFP should account for any transformers The test values used in DEAP are obtained for a list of MEV on http www sap appendixq org uk The Assessor must specify the number of wet rooms where the unit extracts exhaust air Two systems are used in the same dwelling a If the two systems are identical use the data for the system corresponding to half the actual number of wet rooms If there is an odd number of actual wet rooms round upwards e g for Kitchen 6 wet rooms use data for Kitchen 3 wet rooms b If the systems are different use an average for the two systems weighted according to the number of wet rooms served by each system c If either of the systems are not listed on the SAP Appendix Q website the default data applies 20 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 3 Heat losses Building Elements tab As indicated in Section 1 the areas of building elements are based on the internal dimensions of surfaces bounding the dwelling Window and door area refers to the total area of the openings windows doors rooflights including frames Wall area is the net area of walls after subtracting the area of windows and doors Roof area is also net of any rooflights or windows set in the roof Losses or gains through party walls and floors to spaces in other dwellings or premises that are normally expected to be heated are assumed to be zero The BER Assessor should allow for elements of differing U value e g some windows single
210. r conditions H total fabric heat loss HS P2 The total fabric heat loss is the same as for the heating season Building Elements tab summer 4 Calculate the total solar gains for the summer period G Solar using the solar flux for the summer period from Table 1c Grau 5 0 9x Ay xSxg x FFX Zoummer P3 where 0 9 is a factor representing the ratio of typical average transmittance to that at normal incidence Aw is the area of an opening a window or a glazed door m S is the solar flux on a surface during the summer period from Table 1c W m g is the total solar energy transmittance factor of the glazing at normal incidence from Table 6b as entered in the DEAP software FF is the frame factor for windows and doors fraction of opening that is glazed from Table 6c Zsummer is the summer solar access factor Solar gains should be calculated separately for each orientation and for rooflights and totalled according to equation P3 For data to calculate Z ummer see Section P3 Assume that the summer internal gains Gi are equal to the winter net internal gains these are calculated in the Internal gains section of the DEAP software so that the total gains are G e G Summer G P5 solar 5 Calculate the temperature increment due to gains in summer from the following where H is the heat loss coefficient of the dwelling G Temperature increment a P6 6 Obtain the summer mean
211. ranges provide a cooking function and some or all domestic hot water without providing space heating Such a range can only be specified as a water heater if the water heating function can be provided independently from the cooking function The efficiency is taken from Table 4a If it is unclear whether cooking and water heating are independent the range should not be included B4 3 Single burner dry heat range cooker This type is an appliance with a single burner that provides a cooking function It is not included in DEAP calculations 53 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix C Group heating schemes C1 Group heating where heat is produced by centralised unit by dedicated plant In group schemes also known as community or district schemes heat produced centrally serves a number of dwellings or communal areas CHP Combined heat and Power is defined as the simultaneous generation of heat and electrical power in a single process There are a number of ways of producing heat for group heating by a dedicated plant heat produced by boilers only Figure C1 heat produced by a combination of boilers and CHP units Figure C2 other permutations of heating systems outlined in Sections C3 and C4 Fuel gt Boilers only Losses Distribution Losses Figure C1 Group heating with heat supplied by boilers only Losses Electricity LT co Boilers Boilers zz Losses Distribution Losses
212. rement and DistLoss is the Distribution loss If separate figures for solar input are required for the heating season 8 months and summer 4 months take 50 of Q as applying during the heating season and 50 during the summer 73 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table H1 Default collector parameters Collector type No a Ratio of aperture area W m K to gross area Evacuated tube 0 6 3 0 72 Flat plate glazed 0 75 6 0 90 Unglazed 0 9 20 1 00 Table H2 Annual solar radiation kWh m Tilt of Orientation of collector collector South SE SW E W NE NW North Horizontal 963 159 1036 1005 929 848 813 30 1074 1021 886 736 676 45 1072 1005 837 644 556 60 1027 956 778 574 463 75 942 879 708 515 416 Vertical 822 773 628 461 380 Where solar collectors have multiple tilts and orientations the annual solar radiation should be calculated from Table H2 based on an area weighted average of solar collector area If the collectors are all of the same orientation and tilt then an annual solar radiation figure from Table H2 must be selected without interpolation The values in Table H2 are not specific to the installed solar collector type Table H2 is based on solar radiation figures from national climate data Table H3 Overshading factor Overshading e Heavy gt 80 0 5 Significant gt 60 80 0 65 Modest 20 60 0 8 None
213. rer provides a certified U value specifically for a roof window Where there is insufficient detail to determine the gas filling gap between panes thermal break thickness and glass coating defaults may be assumed so that a value from Table 6a may be chosen as outlined under www seai ie berfaq Table S9 outlines use of defaults for windows in existing dwellings as an alternative to use of Table 6a Type of frame Window with wood or PVC U Window with metalframe k with 4mm thermal break frame use adjustment in Note 1 z use adjustments in Note 2 Emmi 12mm 16 or more 6mmaan i2 wings 16 or more gap gap mm gap gap gap mm gap double glazed air filled 3 1 2 8 2 7 3 7 3 4 3 3 double glazed air filled low E en 0 2 hard coat 2 7 2 3 2 1 3 3 2 8 2 6 double glazed air filled low E en 0 15 hard 27 22 20 33 27 25 coat double glazed air filled low E en 0 1 soft coat 2 6 2 1 1 9 3 2 2 6 2 4 double glazed air filled low E en 0 05 soft coat 2 6 2 0 1 8 3 2 2 5 2 3 double glazed argon filled 2 9 2 7 2 6 3 5 3 3 3 2 ldouble glazed argon filled low E en 0 2 hard 25 21 20 30 26 25 coat double glazed argon filled low E en 0 15 hard 24 20 19 30 25 24 coat double glazed argon filled low E en 0 1 soft 23 19 18 29 24 23 coat double glazed argon filled low E en 0 05 soft 23 18 17 28 22 21 coat triple glazed air
214. rgy factors and CO factors are published on www seai ie ber These figures are updated as new annual National Energy Balance figures become available The DEAP methodology cannot take account of the homeowner s choice of electricity supplier as the calculation is based on an asset rating Changing electricity supplier does not involve any physical change to the dwelling asset 135 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 9 Distribution loss factor for group and group heating schemes The following factors are used when one of the conditions stated in Section C1 1 in Appendix C apply Otherwise the factor is calculated as described in section C1 1 Heat distribution system Factor Mains piping system installed in 1990 or earlier not pre insulated medium or high 1 20 temperature distribution 120 140 C full flow system j Pre insulated mains piping system installed in 1990 or earlier low temperature 1 10 distribution 100 C or below full flow system Modern higher temperature system up to 120 C using pre insulated mains installed in 1 10 1991 or later variable flow system Modern pre insulated piping system operating at 100 C or below full control system 1 05 installed in 1991 or later variable flow system Note In a full flow system the hot water is pumped through the distribution pipe work at a fixed rate irrespective of the heat demand usually there is a bypass arrangement to control the heat delivered to heat emitters
215. room in roof must still be entered in the windows tab under the building elements section of the software 5 Alternatively it is acceptable to use the same method as for new dwellings measuring the room in roof in full including the walls and roofs separately It is more accurate but will probably take more time This may need to be done in an existing dwelling BER when it can be shown that only some facades of the room in roof attain a non default U value and the other facades are not accessible A default U value applies to the inaccessible facades In this case the U values of the room in roof heat loss walls and roofs differ As the approximation only allows a single U value for all heat loss walls and roofs of the room in roof the DEAP room in roof approximation cannot be used in this case 6 As mentioned above it is acceptable to use a non default U value However bear in mind that some of the non default U values can have an Ru value applied and some cannot as it is directly on the rafter and the external roof Rooms not fully within the roof Where the upper storey included in the total floor area has walls other than gable walls which are exposed this would not be a room in roof and would not use the room in roof approximation The walls and roofs of this upper storey are entered separately in DEAP An example of such a scenario would be a storey and a half dwelling 99 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Room in roof examp
216. s 0 80 x kWp x S x Zpy M1 where S is the annual solar radiation from Table H2 depending on orientation and pitch and Zpy is the overshading factor from Table H3 If there are two PV modules e g at different tilt or orientation apply equation M1 to each and sum the annual electricity generation In the DEAP software enter the calculated energy produced by PV in the Energy produced or saved input cell in the Fuel Data section of the Energy Requirements tab The delivered energy is acceptable as renewable electrical energy for TGD L conformance 3 For calculation of CO emissions and primary energy savings the factors for electricity from Table 8 are used The same factor is used for all electricity generated whether used within the dwelling or exported 4 The cost saving depends on whether the electricity is used directly within the dwelling or exported Electricity used in the dwelling is valued at the unit cost for purchased electricity usually the standard tariff or the day rate in the case of an off peak tariff Electricity exported is valued at the price for electricity sold to the grid currently Oc The effective price depends on a factor B in the range 0 0 to 1 0 and is the proportion of the generated electricity used directly within the dwelling The value of B depends on the coincidence of electricity generation and electricity demand At present the value of p 0 30 should be used if performing fuel cost
217. s directly Unlike solar systems for heating water PV technology does not produce heat Instead PV produces electricity as a result of interaction of sunlight with semi conductor materials in the PV cells The energy produced per year depends on the installed peak power kWp of the PV module the peak power corresponds to the rate of electricity generation in bright sunlight formally defined as the output of the module under radiation of 1 kW m at 25 C PV modules are available in a range of types and some produce more electricity per square metre than others the range for currently available types is from about 30 to 120 watts peak per m and the peak power depends on the type of module as well as its effective area In the Irish climate an installation with 1 kWp produces about 800 kWh of electricity per year at favourable orientation and no overshading The procedure for PV is as follows 1 Establish the installed peak power of the PV unit kWp This should be taken from certificates from accredited laboratories testing to one of a ISEN61215 IEC 61215 Terrestrial Photovoltaic PV modules with Crystalline Solar Cells Design Qualification and Type Approval b BS EN 61646 IEC 61646 Thin film terrestrial photovoltaic PV modules Design Qualification and Type Approval If certified PV performance data is not available assume a kWp of 0 06kWp per m of PV collector 2 The electricity produced by the PV module in kWh year i
218. s open between more than one storey such as a stairwell or lift shaft 3 3 3 A conservatory is defined as an extension attached to a dwelling where not less than three quarters of the roof area and one half of the external wall area are made of materials that allow light transmission An attached conservatory should generally be treated as an integral part of the dwelling In particular for new dwellings where Building Regulations 2008 or 2011 TGD L apply an attached conservatory is always considered as an integral part of the habitable area of the dwelling In all other cases i e existing dwellings or dwellings where Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L do not apply an attached conservatory may be treated as an unheated space if it is thermally separated from the main dwelling To be considered thermally separated it must fulfill both of the following Conservatories i The walls floors windows and doors between it and the main dwelling must have U values not more than 10 greater than corresponding exposed elements For example the U value for a window between the heated and unheated space must not be more than 10 greater than exposed glazing elsewhere in the dwelling ii It must be unheated or if provided with a heating facility must have provision for automatic temperature and on off control independent of the heating provision in the main dwelling Guidance on Ru value of elements between thermally separated conservatory and
219. s blocks may be ignored as the adhesive can be assumed to have a similar thermal conductivity to that of the glass blocks 27 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 4 Domestic hot water Water Heating tab The demand for domestic hot water DHW derived from the dwelling floor area is calculated taking account of heating storage and distribution losses Consequent heat gains from storage cylinders within the heated space and distribution pipe work is estimated and used in the calculation of space heating requirements A distinction is made between instantaneous water heating and water heating that relies on hot water storage in a cylinder tank or thermal store Primary and cylinder losses are not used for instantaneous heaters 4 1 Hot Water Distribution Losses Single point heaters located at the point of use and serving only one outlet do not have distribution losses Gas multipoint water heaters and instantaneous combi boilers are also instantaneous types but as they normally serve several outlets they are assumed to have distribution losses 4 2 Hot Water Storage Losses Stored hot water systems can be served by supplementary electric water heating or obtain heat from a boiler room heater solar heater or heat pump through a primary circuit In either case water storage losses are incurred to an extent that depends on how well the water storage is insulated These losses apply for the following categories of heati
220. s determined from test data If there is no entry in the HARP database and certified data is not available an indicative gross seasonal efficiency should be taken from Table 4a Solid fuel boiler efficiencies for open fires and closed room heaters with boilers are the sum of the heat to water and heat directly to the room It is the user s designer s Assessor s responsibility to ensure that the ratio of these figures is appropriate to the dwelling These systems are assigned a lower responsiveness to allow for limitations on the controllability of heat output to the room 9 2 4 Room heaters Where available data from the HARP database or certified data values should be used for the gross efficiency of gas oil or solid fuel room heaters certified as explained in Appendix E If not using certified data or data from HARP room heater gross efficiency should be taken from Table 4a Gas fires The following notes provide guidance for identifying the appropriate entry from the room heater section of Table 4a for gas fires already installed in a dwelling They are not intended to classify gas fires for testing purposes Gas fires can be open or closed fronted Open fronted means the fuel bed and combustion gases are not sealed from the room where the gas fire is fitted Such a fire may or may not have a glass panel in front of the fuel bed but the glass panel is not sealed to the front of the fire Closed fronted means the fuel
221. s floors if the unheated space is below a floor Consequently a door in an element abutting an unheated space would not need to have its U value changed 23 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 unless it is part of a very small flat where the U value of the door might make a significant contribution to the result Alternatively the U values for semi exposed doors in Table 6a may be used Appendix S details specification of Ru for existing dwellings where default U values are being used 3 3 1 The U value of elements between the dwelling and a garage should be adjusted using Ru from Table A3 of Building Regulations TGD L 2011 Garages 3 3 2 Stairwells and access corridors regardless of whether they are heated or unheated are not included in the DEAP calculation To calculate the heat loss to unheated stairwells and access corridors the U value of walls between the dwelling and the unheated space should be modified using the data for Ru as shown in Table A4 in Building Regulations 2011 TGD L Stairwells and access corridors in flats Table A4 of Building Regulations 2011 TGD L refers to corridors and stairwells The Ru values specified for access corridors apply to unheated spaces in which each dwelling is approached via a common horizontal internal access or circulation space which may include a common entrance hall The corridor does not form an open space between more than one storey The Ru values for stairwells apply to common enclosed area
222. s of the upper coil are halfway down the cylinder side then the dedicated solar storage can be assumed to be 150L It may also be possible to determine the location of the coil connections on site The dedicated solar storage is the cylinder volume lying below the coil directly above the solar coil The cylinder documentation datasheet may state the volume dedicated to solar storage along with relevant standards for storage volume specification This is acceptable but the Assessor should cross check that the stated dedicated solar storage volume does not include sections of the cylinder heated by coils above the solar heated coil Where the dedicated solar volume is not known then as per DEAP Table 11 the dedicated solar volume can be assumed to be one third of the total cylinder volume Note The overall performance of solar water systems depends on how the hot water system is used e g daily draw off patterns and the use of other water heating devices such as a boiler or an immersion The procedure described here is not suitable for detailed design in a particular case It is intended to give a representative value of the solar contribution to domestic water heating over a range of users 72 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 H1 Calculation of solar input for solar water heating SAP 2005 2008 Aperture area of solar collector m H1 If only the
223. s the user to record the presence of an extension for existing dwelling BERS In addition dwellings may comprise a different construction for some parts of the walls for example a timber framed bay window or panel in an otherwise masonry construction These are recorded as separate constructional elements 93 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Regardless of whether a dwelling s floor or floors loses heat the floor area for each level of the dwelling is needed to calculate both the total floor area and the dwelling volume The floor area includes the habitable dwelling and parts of the habitable dwelling accessed from within the dwelling at each level Floor areas do not include unheated garages coal sheds external unheated store rooms thermally separated conservatories or thermally separated porches please see the Dimensions Section for fuller guidance on each of these items and their respective definitions The assessment of an existing dwelling is also concerned with assessing and measuring the building elements that lose heat from the habitable dwelling Non heat loss areas e g party walls a floor or a ceiling wholly above or below another apartment or walls backing onto a heated circulation space are ignored altogether as heat loss elements To simplify the measurement process e Individual dimensional measurements may be rounded to nearest 0 1m e Opaque heat loss areas may be rounded to nearest 0 5m Glazed areas and doors
224. s to confirm floor insulation All default data should be overridden when relevant substantiating evidence is available as outlined in the DEAP Survey Guide This rule applies even when non defaults result in higher calculated energy usage for the dwelling than would be achieved when using the available defaults listed in this Appendix The defaults listed in this appendix are facilitated by the DEAP software for existing dwellings The defaults are generally not applicable to new dwellings unless otherwise stated elsewhere in the DEAP manual and guidance outside of Appendix S for example plans and specifications for the new dwelling are unavailable S2 Overview of the Methodology for DEAP for Existing Homes Following the format of the DEAP software program the methodology can be summarised accordingly Dimensions All dimensional data that is needed is to be measured on site Definitions follow Section 1 e The floor areas entered into the DEAP software are the internal floor areas for each level of the dwelling These areas are calculated either from internal dimensions or alternatively calculated and converted from external dimensions e Storey heights are measured on site with any upper floors adjusted for presence of any intermediate floors e Living area percentage is based on internal measurements taken within the dwelling Ventilation The factors effecting the ventilation losses within a dwelling i e the number of chimneys
225. separate temperature and time controls for different rooms 9 3 13 Weather compensator A device or feature which adjusts the temperature of the water circulating through the heating system according to the temperature measured outside the building 9 3 14 Load compensator A device or feature which adjusts the temperature of the water circulating through the heating system according to the temperature measured inside the building 9 3 15 Controls for electric storage heaters There are three types of control that can be used with electric storage heaters manual charge control automatic charge control and CELECT type control Automatic charge control uses internal thermostat s or an external temperature sensor to control the charging of the heaters Availability of electricity to the heaters may be controlled by the electricity supplier on the basis of daily weather predictions A CELECT type controller has electronic sensors throughout the dwelling linked to a central control device monitoring the 38 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 individual room sensors and optimising the charging of all the storage heaters individually and may select direct acting heaters in preference to storage heaters 10 Total energy use Energy Requirements and Results tab 10 1 Energy use The annual fuel or electricity consumption under the standard patterns of occupancy and usage is calculated for the following items or functions main space he
226. separating walls with plasterboard on dabs medium heavy medium light plasterboard on timber steel stud internal partitions Medium solid floor masonry external walls internal insulation masonry separating walls with plasterboard on dabs masonry internal partitions medium light medium medium with plasterboard on dabs Medium Solid floor masonry external walls internal insulation masonry separating walls dense plaster plasterboard on timber steel stud medium light heavy light internal partitions Medium solid floor masonry external walls cavity fill or external insulation with dense plaster masonry separating walls with dense plaster medium heavy heavy light plasterboard on timber steel stud internal partitions Medium Suspended timber floor masonry external walls cavity fill or external insulation with dense plaster masonry separating walls with dense light heavy heavy light plaster plasterboard on timber steel stud internal partitions Medium solid floor masonry external walls cavity fill or external insulation with plasterboard on dabs masonry separating walls plasterboard on dabs medium medium medium medium masonry internal partitions with plasterboard on dabs Medium solid floor masonry external walls cavity fill or external insulation with plasterboard on dabs masonry separating walls dense plaster medium medium heavy heavy masonry internal walls with dense plaster Medium High Suspended timber
227. ses 44 Solar Water Heating 4 5 Group Heating also called community or district heating 4 6 Hot Water Backup 5 Lighting and internal heat gains 6 Solar heat gains 6 1 Solar gains for glazed openings 6 2 Openings for which solar gain is included 6 3 More than one glazing type 7 Mean internal temperature and dwelling thermal mass 7 1 Heating schedule 7 2 Living area fraction 7 3 Internal heat capacity 7 4 Mean internal temperature with ideal heating system 8 Space heat use 9 Space heating requirements 9 1 Heating systems 9 2 Heating system efficiency 9 3 Heating controls 10 Total energy use 10 1 Energy use 10 2 Fuel factors 10 3 Main heating system fuel types Version 3 2 1 o aA uu Fb WwW 11 16 17 17 18 18 19 21 21 22 23 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 36 39 39 39 39 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 10 4 Secondary heating system fuel types 41 10 5 Water heating fuel types 41 10 6 Electricity for pumps and fans 41 10 7 Electricity for lighting 41 10 8 Group heating 42 10 9 Renewable and energy saving technologies 42 11 Energy emissions and costs 42 12 Building energy rating 43 13 Building regulations 43 13 1 Building Regulations 2005 TGD L conformance demonstration 43 13 2 Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L conformance demonstration 43 References 45 List of relevant standards 46 Appendix A Primary and secon
228. side of the floor to the underside of the ceiling For dwellings comprised of more than one floor the lowest floor is calculated in the same way that is the lowest floor height is from the topside of the floor to the underside of the ceiling with subsequent floor heights calculated from the underside of the ceiling below to underside of the ceiling on that level that is the upper floor includes the allowance for the intermediate floor It may not be possible in an existing dwelling to measure the thickness of the intermediate floor therefore measure the topside of the floor to underside of the ceiling height on each level and add 0 25m to each upper floor level to calculate the storey height to enter into the DEAP software Note Do not forget to use these adjusted storey heights when calculating exposed wall areas 94 DEAP Manual S5 Age bands A set of age bands is defined according to Table S1 for the purposes of assigning U values and other data Table S1 Age bands From the mid 1970s constructional changes caused primarily by amendments to draft or actual Building Regulations for the conservation of fuel and power have resulted in increased levels of thermal insulation The dates in Table S1 are generally two or three years after a change in regulations based on indicative figures of likely transition periods This allows for the dwellings to be completed after the regulations came into force The Building Regulations assign U
229. store containing primary water is heated mainly during off peak times to approximately 75 C in summer and between 85 and 95 C in winter The space heating circuit operates in the same way as a wet central heating system with controls appropriate for wet systems For domestic hot water secondary water flows directly from the cold mains into a heat exchanger where it is heated by the hot water in the store before being delivered to the taps Determining fuel costs external to DEAP The CPSU volume should be sufficiently large to meet most of the space and water heating demand during on peak times from heat stored during off peak times otherwise the on peak fraction will be high For a 10 hour off peak tariff providing 3 off peak periods per day available in some other countries a volume of at least about 270 litres may be appropriate For the night rate tariff available in Ireland providing one off peak period each night a larger volume would be appropriate The heat losses from the CPSU are calculated as for other hot water storage vessels on the Water heating tab using data from Table 2 66 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Appendix G Heat pumps A heat pump transfers heat energy from a low temperature source and upgrades it to a higher temperature where it can be usefully employed for heating There are a number of heat pump techniques by which this can be achieved The ratio of heat energy released to the energy consumed can
230. t be taken directly from the store The appliance has the capability to vary the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing D1 15 Low temperature boiler A non condensing boiler designed as a low temperature boiler and tested as a low temperature boiler as prescribed by the Boiler Efficiency Directive ie the part load test was carried out at average boiler temperature of 40 C D1 16 Keep hot facility A facility within an instantaneous combination boiler whereby water within the boiler may be kept hot while there is no demand The water is kept hot either i solely by burning fuel or ii by electricity or iii both by burning fuel and by electricity though not necessarily simultaneously D2 Method for calculating the gross seasonal efficiency of domestic boilers in Ireland The method of calculation is applicable only to boilers where the full load and the 30 part load efficiency values obtained by the methods deemed to satisfy Council Directive 92 42 EEC are available These are net efficiency values It is essential that both test results are available and that the tests are appropriate to the type of boiler as defined in Council Directive otherwise the calculation cannot proceed In the calculation method the data are first converted to gross efficiency under test conditions and then converted to a seasonal efficiency value that applies under typical conditions of use in a dwelling allowing for standin
231. t on printed letterhead in softcopy or hardcopy from one of o boiler manufacturer o boiler supplier o boiler service engineer or maintenance firm This approach can also be applied to other appliance types 34 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 9 2 2 Heating systems based on a gas or oil range cooker boiler For definitions see paragraph B4 of Appendix B Boiler efficiency may be obtained from a The HARP database b Certified data from an accredited laboratory c Table 4b For twin burner models the preferred source of boiler gross seasonal efficiency and case heat emission is the HARP database If a new range cooker boiler is not included in the HARP database certified data as explained in paragraph D6 of Appendix D may be used If there is no entry in the database or certified data is not available or the model is not of the twin burner type an indicative gross seasonal efficiency should be taken from Table 4b 9 2 3 Heating systems based on a solid fuel boiler This guidance applies to independent solid fuel boilers open fires with a back boiler and room heaters with a boiler Boiler efficiency may be obtained from a The HARP database b Certified data from an accredited laboratory c Table 4a The preferred source of boiler efficiency is the HARP database If a new boiler is not included in the database certified data should be used if available Appendix J defines how the gross seasonal efficiency for calculations i
232. talling a fan in the principal entrance doorway sealing all fans flues chimneys vents etc and determining the air flow rate required to maintain an excess pressure of 50 Pascals Pa above outdoor air pressure The pressurisation test should be completed in accordance with IS EN 13829 by an individual or organisation competent to do so NSAI or INAB accreditation for example The air permeability measured in this way qso expressed in cubic metres per hour per square metre of envelope area is divided by 20 for use in the DEAP software to give an estimate of the air change rate per hour ac h at typical pressure differences under real operating conditions In this case the structural infiltration cells of the ventilation tab structure type suspended wooden ground floor draught stripping of 17 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 windows doors and attic hatches are not used Section 1 5 4 of Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L and www seai ie ber provide further detail on air permeability pressure testing The result of a pressurisation test remains valid provided dwelling envelope changes such as area changes or replacement of exposed elements have not occurred since the test was performed Where the pressurisation test is not carried out the ground floor must be specified as solid suspended unsealed or suspended sealed A suspended wooden ground floor is considered sealed if all joints in the floor at the edges and the floor itse
233. ted by no more than 1 5 m of insulated pipework 0 Separate boiler and thermal store connected by uninsulated primary pipe work 470 more than 1 5 m of insulated primary pipe work 280 Group heating 360 References to boiler in this table also imply other wet heating systems such as heat pumps Primary pipework means the pipes between a primary water heater and a hot water tank When specifying that the primary pipework is insulated bear in mind that this refers to all of the pipework between the primary water heater and the water storage Where some of the pipework is not visible if for example it runs through walls or floors then it must be assumed to be uninsulated unless it can be proven to be insulated Table 3a Additional losses for combi boilers Combi type kWh year Instantaneous without keep hot facility 600 Instantaneous with keep hot facility controlled by time clock 600 Instantaneous with keep hot facility not controlled by time clock 900 115 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Storage combi boiler store volume 55 litres 0 Storage combi boiler store volume V lt 55 litres 600 V 15 x 15 a If the hot water usage is less than 100 litres day multiply by daily hot water usage 100 keep hot facility is defined in Appendix D Section D1 16 The facility to keep water hot may have an on off switch for the user or it may be controlled by a time switch If the store is 1
234. th and is not to be confused with ground source heat as used by standard heat pumps 6 Heat pumps providing space and water heating in a group heating scheme should have the efficiency adjustment factor for high temperature heat pump applications from Table 4c applied to the heat pump efficiency before entry to the group heating section in DEAP Separate efficiency adjustment factors may be applied in cases where the space and water heating circuits are clearly separate and the space heating circuit only uses low temperature emitters The percentage of heat for space heating and that for water heating can be determined based on space and water heat delivered to the dwelling The water heating efficiency and associated percentage of heat for water heating from the heat pump can then be entered separately from the space heating efficiency and percentage of heat for space heating In the group heating section the percentage of heat entry for heating systems 1 2 3 is the percentage of heat the dwelling receives from the group heating scheme boilers and is not reduced when CHP or secondary individual heating are present This percentage of heat column only represents group heating appliances providing heat only and not electricity Therefore it does not include the portion of heat from CHP plant which also generates electricity or secondary heating which is not part of the group heating scheme C4 Group scheme providing DHW only Some group sche
235. the SPF for the purposes of DEAP For example an Air to Water unit will use COPs averaged from A7 W45 A7 W35 A2 W35 type Range exchanger exchanger temp C C C aro 7 5 gt 6 0 ss waer zs 7 o ee ee a ee Water to 10 45 7 40 45 Water Brine to 0 45 0 40 45 Water 0 35 0 30 35 5 35 5 35 Heat pumps can also be used in group schemes as detailed in Appendix C G1 Domestic hot water DHW G1 1 DHW heated by heat pump with immersion heater Test results produced according to IS EN 14511 2 or using Table 4a heat pump efficiencies The heat pump is expected to raise the water temperature to a maximum of about 40 C when tested to IS EN 14511 2 or IS EN 255 2 and an immersion heater may be used to raise the water temperature to the required delivery temperature For the purpose of the DEAP calculation it is assumed that 50 of domestic hot water heating is by the heat pump and 50 by the immersion heater in this scenario 67 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 The average efficiency for water heating to be entered to the Efficiency of main water heater input cell of the Energy Requirements Individual tab is 100 G1 a 50 SPF 0 50 where SPF is the seasonal performance factor for the heat pump stated as a percentage and determined from one of the methods outlined above The SPF is an overall figure taking account of all the energy required to operate the heat pump in
236. the heated dwelling is given in Building Regulations 2011 TGD L Table A5 The following table summarises how condition ii for thermal separation of a conservatory from the dwelling can be met Situation Automatic Automatic Meets Condition independent independent 3 3 3 ii Thermal temperature control on off control Separation Conservatory no fixed heating n a n a Yes Conservatory with fixed heating from main No No No heating system No radiator valve Conservatory with fixed heating from main No No No heating system Radiator valve only Conservatory with fixed heating from main No No No heating system TRV only Conservatory with fixed heating from main Yes No No heating system 24 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Room thermostat only Conservatory with fixed heating from main heating system Own zone time and temperature control using time control and room thermostat Yes Yes Yes Conservatory with fixed standalone heating system without time switch and room thermostat No No No Conservatory with fixed standalone heating system with time switch and room thermostat Yes Yes Yes The following examples relate to inclusion of conservatories in dwelling floor area e New dwelling constructed to Building Regulations 2008 TGD L including conservatory in original construction the conservatory is included in new dw
237. the wall U value should be taken from Table S3 96 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 For semi exposed walls the U value for the applicable wall area is taken as that of the external walls of the dwelling adjusted as described in Section 3 using the following default values for the effective thermal resistance Ru e 0 25 m K W if the dwelling is a house e 0 4m K W if the dwelling is an apartment or maisonette When using default U values from Table 3 for semi exposed walls between an existing dwelling and an unheated space the Wall is semi exposed option in DEAP can be selected DEAP then automatically applies the above Ru values to the default U value Alternatively the Assessor may apply the relevant default Ru value from TGD L 2011 Appendix A Often the wall between an apartment and unheated spaces corridor stairwell or commercial unit for example will be uninsulated Where this is the case the U values in Table S3a may be used In these cases the Wall is semi exposed option is not selected in DEAP as the Ru value is already built into the defaults for these uninsulated walls Table S3a U values of semi exposed uninsulated walls between apartment and unheated corridor stairwell or commercial unit Semi exposed wall description U value Semi exposed 100mm block wall adjacent unheated circulation space 1 46 Semi exposed 215mm block wall adjacent unheated circulation space 1 13 Table S3b indicates
238. tion air change rate is adjusted to reflect the type of ventilation provision e Natural ventilation e Positive input ventilation from loft e Positive input ventilation from outside e Whole house extract ventilation Balanced whole house mechanical ventilation no heat recovery Balanced whole house mechanical ventilation with heat recovery Part F of the Irish Building Regulations details the ventilation requirements for dwelling design and construction 2 1 Chimneys and flues Ventilation rates for chimneys and flues should be entered only when they are unrestricted and suitable for use A restricted chimney is treated as permanently blocked Permanent restrictions include brickwork plasterwork or timber panelling fixed in place Temporary restrictions are ignored The specified ventilation rate for chimneys flues and flueless appliances includes an allowance for the associated permanent vent for air supply so this vent should not be entered separately Note that for flueless combustion devices such as flueless gas fires for health and safety reasons it is required that both a high level and low level permanent vent are installed to ensure the supply of oxygen for combustion and to dispose of the resultant fumes and water vapour The 40m hr in Table 2 1 includes an allowance for these permanent vents 16 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 A chimney is defined as a vertical duct for combustion gases of diameter 200 mm or more or a re
239. tion heat loss rate expressed in W K and its effect on the overall heating requirement The ventilation rate depends on factors including permeability of materials and inadvertent gaps and openings in the structure These factors contribute to background air infiltration or leakage characteristics and ventilation features intentionally specified and provided in the dwelling The air infiltration rate can be assessed either from a permeability test also called an air leakage pressure test Section 2 3 or in the absence of a pressure test using the structural air tightness section of DEAP Pressurisation tests are completed with all designed ventilation openings flues fans etc sealed up and inoperative This component of overall air change rate represents only background dwelling air leakage DEAP uses the numbers of chimneys extract fans open flues passive vents and flueless combustion room heaters to determine the contribution to overall air change rate from individual ventilation features openings including fans intentionally provided in the dwelling The contribution of designed ventilation features is given in Table 2 1 below Table 2 1 Ventilation rates Item Ventilation rate m hour Chimney 40 Open flue 20 Fan intermittent 10 Passive vent 10 Flueless fixed combustion room heaters 40 The effect of sheltered sides on ventilation rates is addressed in Section 2 5 The overall ventila
240. torage Units CPSU mains gas and LPG With permanent pilot non condensing 70 With automatic ignition non condensing 74 With permanent pilot condensing 79 With automatic ignition condensing 83 Oil boilers Standard oil boiler pre 1985 65 Standard oil boiler 1985 to 1997 70 Standard oil boiler 1998 or later 79 Condensing 83 Combi pre 1998 70 Combi 1998 or later 76 Condensing combi 81 Oil room heater boiler pre 2000 65 Oil room heater boiler 2000 or later 70 Range cooker boilers mains gas and LPG Single burner with permanent pilot 46 Single burner with automatic ignition 50 Twin burner with permanent pilot non condensing pre 1998 60 Twin burner with automatic ignition non condensing pre 1998 65 Twin burner with permanent pilot non condensing 1998 or later 65 Twin burner with automatic ignition non condensing 1998 or later 70 Range cooker boilers oil Single burner 60 Twin burner non condensing pre 1998 70 Twin burner non condensing 1998 or later 75 122 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 4c Efficiency adjustment factors Heating system Multiply efficiency by Gas or oil boiler systems with radiators or underfloor heating The adjustments are to be applied to the space and water heating gross seasonal efficiency for both the HARP value and for efficiency values from Table 4b The term radiators when connected to a boiler refers to standard radiators along with lower temperature and fan co
241. ts in a higher average storey height e The storey height of the storey below is not considered to extend into the attic where the attic is clearly separate from the storey below e g by a partition ceiling and closable attic hatch 12 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 When porches or garages are not included in floor area the door and part of the wall between the dwelling and these structures are adjacent to an unheated space and their U values should be calculated accordingly see Section 3 3 In buildings incorporating flats where corridors and stairwells are heated walls between the flat and heated corridors stairwells should be treated as non heat loss walls i e assuming the same temperature on either side of the walls Otherwise these walls are treated as elements adjacent to an unheated space and their U values should be calculated accordingly see Section 3 3 No special treatment is required where a central heating boiler is located in an unheated garage i e the floor area should be the same as if the boiler were in the kitchen or a utility room Staircase leading to a single dwelling Where there is a staircase between a single dwelling such as an apartment and an external door e The staircase is excluded and is treated as a heated or unheated space adjoining the dwelling where there is an internal door between the staircase and the dwelling e The staircase is included where there is no door between the staircase and the dwelli
242. uly 2008 subject to transitional arrangements cited in Building Regulations 2005 TGD L DEAP compares the dwelling s Energy Performance Coefficient EPC and Carbon Performance Coefficient CPC to the Maximum Permitted Energy Performance Coefficient MPEPC and Maximum Permitted Carbon Performance Coefficient MPCPC for Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L DEAP also determines if the Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L renewables requirement is satisfied Building Regulations 2008 TGD L applies to new dwellings from 1 July 2008 and Building Regulations 2011 TGD L applies to new dwellings from 1 December 2011 DEAP confirms that the fabric heat loss is limited as defined in the 2005 2008 and 2011 Building Regulations TGD L DEAP checks that the building air permeability is limited as defined in the Building Regulations 2008 and 2011 TGD L documents DEAP flags the lack of an air permeability test as a non compliance where a test result is not specified The permeability test result specified in DEAP should follow the guidance and sampling regimes outlined in the applicable TGD L documents The Building Regulations TGD L documents provide guidance on the applicability of each TGD L edition to dwellings based on dwelling age date of planning permission and construction An existing dwelling is a dwelling which was previously sold and or occupied DEAP does not perform conformance checking for Building Regulations for existing dwellings Dw
243. used instead of the data in Table 6c provided that it is obtained either for the standard window configuration defined in BRE 443 or it is an area weighted average of all windows in the dwelling Frame factors from certified test data for windows should be used where available Table 6d Solar and light access factors Summer solar Winter solar access factor Light of sky access factor for calculation access factor Overshading blocked by ID f for calculation of summer for calculation obstacles S of solar gains temperatures of lighting reqt Appendix P Heavy gt 80 4 0 3 0 5 0 5 More than average gt 60 80 3 0 54 0 7 0 67 Average or unknown 20 60 2 0 77 0 9 0 83 Very little lt 20 1 1 1 1 Notes A solar access factor of 1 0 and a light access factor of 1 0 should be used for roof windows Source SAP 2005 Overshading of a window is an estimate of the sky which is blocked when viewed outwards from the centre point of the window in question Objects obscuring the skyline below or behind the window centre point should be ignored Objects obscuring the skyline may be close to the window such as balconies and window reveals or far away from the window such as landmasses and other buildings 132 DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Table 7 Fraction of heat supplied by secondary heating systems Fraction from Main heating system Secondary system secondary All gas oil solid fuel heat pump a
244. ustration of a hot water only thermal store is shown in Figure B4 Separate Bi ees boiler seer bet i y Space oS TAs i Hot heating i b 1 water load gt 4 A Thermal store Fuel Figure B4 Hot water only thermal store B4 Range cookers oil gas LPG and solid fuel Range cookers are flued cooking appliances predominantly constructed of cast iron designed to provide some heat from their case into the space where they are located There are three types B4 1 Range cooker with boiler for space heating This type provides an independent water heating function for space heating in addition to the cooking function There are two design variations i Twin burner range cooker boiler an appliance with two independently controlled burners one for the cooking function one for the water heating function for space heating using radiators for example ii Single burner range cooker boiler an appliance with a single burner that provides a cooking function and a water heating function for space heating using radiators for example For the twin burner type the gross seasonal efficiency can be can be from the HARP database certified data or Table 4a 4b as explained in Section 9 2 2 and 9 2 3 For the single burner type the gross seasonal efficiency should be obtained from Table 4a 4b B4 2 Single burner range cooker water heater Some
245. vel In the cases of c and d the floor area of the roof space that is converted into habitable space should be entered as a separate storey DEAP Manual Version 3 2 1 Living Area The living area is the largest public room irrespective of usage by occupants added to all rooms not separated from that room and including cupboards directly accessed from that room Living area does not extend over more than one storey even when stairs enter the living area directly Kitchens including rooms like kitchen diners are not considered public rooms on their own The kitchen should be included when calculating the living room area if there is no door separating between the room identified as the largest public room and the kitchen Doors or partitions between rooms should be solid and easily closable i e curtains are not considered as a partition Partitions should be clearly identifiable when dwelling plans are being used The following tables summarise the method used to determine the living area a Where the kitchen or kitchen diner is not open to another public room Dwelling contains a Kitchen or Kitchen Diner Dwelling contains other Public Room s Living Area specified in DEAP V V Other separate public room with largest floor area V X Kitchen as there is no public room b Where the kitchen or kitchen diner is open to a public room and there is a separate public room in

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