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PC Signal Manual - PDF File

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1. 3 Window application for spectral analysis 4 Overlap for block processing 5 Peak frequency lock in for mouse marker Row Column Specify the number of row and columns the current function window will Setup have See Figure 4 3c Frequency Sets up the frequency table for frequency matching Additional matching Matching parameters are also set here Setup Single When chosen frequency matching for single peak 1s turned on After this Matching Off option is turned on when left mouse button is clicked on a plot the peak within Mouse Marker Bandwidth is located and its frequency is matched using existing parameters Multiple When chosen frequency matching for all peaks 1s turned on After this option Matching is turned on when left mouse button is clicked on a plot the all peaks are located and peak frequencies are matched using existing parameters Show Statistics When chosen a new Function Window plot containing the statistics of the current plot pops up The plot is in the form of a Histogram Current or all plot statistics can be drawn depending on the selection Figure 4 22 shows the resulting statistics plot of figure 4 20 Peak Display the list of peak that matches the criteria specified by the user Figure 4 23 shows the resulting peak listing using 5 SNR and 10 Freq Window Harmonic Marks the harmonics of the specified frequency that is within the range Marker Figure 4 24 displays the markings of 500
2. F 41 250 41 250 zT SD I ne 13 750 13 T 0 COS 13007 2 SO 5 000 2 5f 70 000 1 9007 2 500 000 Y 400 1000 Time 52c Bn Figure 4 22 Resulting Statistics Plot of Figure 4 20 29 H0 Test dat Black Sea 1024 Mo nl Black 1 B 10 00 Time fg 0 1000 Mendes Types Fieclanguler U vexlap DA 2162009 3 27 32 PM anle sz GwH1 Aae PED AM Se 254353 1320 000 E 3200 000 4480 00 Figure 4 23 Sample Peak List Plot ISI Test dat Black 5gez 102 Mo of Black 1 Bh 10 00 Time 0 to 0 1000 Vnde Type Fieclangulsr Owerlap DA 2 16 2003 327 32 Pe unl znz wHI Aes PSD AMS 224 333 E40 000 1920 000 i 3200 000 4460 000 Figure 4 24 Harmonic Marking of 500 Hz 30 4 3 1 1 Processing Parameter in Option Button The Processing Parameter menu See Figure 4 21b allows the user to select set the following parameters Parameter Function FFT Data Block Size FFI Data Block size for processing Play Execution This sets time delay between each block calculation in msec minimum 1s Delay and maximum is 32768 Block Overlap This sets the percentage of overlap from one processing block to the next Analysis Window This sets the percentage of overlap from one analysis window to the next Overlap If analysis window is 0 5 sec and overlap is 50 then next analysis window 1s 2 5 5 sec Fixed Sliding This option applies to the Time Domain Waveform Reduction Window Fixed Total pro
3. Main menu item and select Generate PSEM Data a Generate PSEM Data menu page as shown in figure 6 5 will popup 2 Select input data file from Input File using Browse button Header information of the selected file can be view from the Header button 3 Select output data file from output File using Browse button Header information of output file will be automatically created and be viewed from the Header button 4 Selected channels of input file to be processed in the available Channels box by highlighting the desired channels from the input channel list and click Add To remove a channel from the output list highlight and click Remove The selected channels will then be shown on the Chosen Channels box 5 Select the star end time for PSEM analysis from the Start Time and End Time boxes 6 Select the key phasor channel in the Reference Key Phasor Channel 7 Click on Start to start the PSEM processing Click Stop to stop the process Description of Generate PSEM Data Menu Page Input File Name of input file for processing Output File Name of output file for processing Available Channels Name of channels available in the input file for processing Selected Channels Channels to be processed for output Start time to generate envelope data End time to generate envelope data Reference Channel The channel for computing the instantaneous phase from a reference spectral component at
4. b RMS Reduction Waveform zem z 251 m 1837 1542 1 185 LI amu Reduction Start Time a Reduction End Time 21 T Data Start Time 0 Data End Time 210 Reduction Size fi O24 point Equivalent Reduction Tine 0 1 Total af Reduction Blocks 2100 Channel Available Channel Selected sinl sing GNI Add gt gt 2 10 5bpr Delav sin sinz Gs 3 sinl 4 GWwNT ae Remove 5 sihnl snz c GwMI Bandpass Bb DWwWNI Bandpass Chart Stop Test Parameter C ves Mo Save For Recall Recall Figure 3 2 Menu Page for Reference Window 10 3 2 Reference Window Menu Figure 3 2 shows the menu page for the Reference Window It allows a user to choose the reduction type Mean RMS Skewness Kurtosis etc reduction start end time reduction size and measurement s to be processed Explanations for each menu item are as follows Table3 1 Menu Items of Reference Window s Menu Page Menu Item Name Menu Item Description Reduction type Defines reduction type to be applied to the raw data Six choices available are available Mean RMS Max Min Skewness Kurtosis and Crest Factor Can choose RPM profile option if the key phasor measurement is available Reduction Start This 1s the start time for data reduction within the Reference Window Time default 1s the start time of data file Reduction End This 1s the end time for data reduction within the Reference Window Time default 1s
5. 2 consecutive pulses of key phasor of point per key phasor sampling frequency key phasor frequency Specify the desired number of points between 2 consecutive pulses when performing OT resampling A recommended number is the next larger integer in the Original of points per key phasor period box OT provided a frequency normalization effect since the number of Phasor Frequency data point within each revolution will maintain absolute constant As a result its key phase RPM frequency also becomes constant New Key Phasor Frequency sampling frequency New of point per key phasor period Threshold Level Threshold level applied to the key phasor pulses for RPM counting Key Phasor Select the key phasor channel Channel Table 6 4 Description of Generate Order Tracking Data Menu Page m x Dreier T rae kimi Meu aa Input Filename l Erisa 1 Output Fiename Brea Cnginal Rey Fhaso Frequens n Digina E of Ports par Kepph or period Sta Hew amp of Points per E New Keyohssor Frequency anA Kepphesor period im In Dut Level n Stat Time n End Time Ir Den KepPhaso channel zi Black Size D 9m Awaileble Charnel Selected Charre Figure 6 4 Generate Order Tracking Data Menu Page 55 6 5 Generate PSEM Data Advanced Module only This option allows the users to generate PSEM signal of an input Procedure for Generate PSEM Data 1 Click Generate Data
6. From Input File 1 Channels From Input File 2 Start amp add remove gt gt Figure 7 1 Extract Merge Menu Page Parameter Name Parameter Function Input File 1 File name of input file 1 It 1s set by clicking the Browse button to the right Setup can be viewed and edited by clicking the Setup button Input File 2 File name of input file 2 It is set by clicking Browse button on the right Setup can be viewed and edited by clicking the Setup button Binary ASCII Table 7 1 Description Extract Merge Menu item 58 Extract File Procedure 7 8 Click on Utility Main Menu item and click on the Extract Merge option An Extract Merge Menu Page as shown in figure 7 1 will pop up Check the Extract from 1 file option Select input data file from Input File using Browse button Header information of the selected file can be view from the Header button Select output data file from output File using Browse button Header information of the output file will be automatically created which can be view from the Header button Select the star end time from the Start Time and End Time boxes Selected channels to be extracted in the Channels from Input File box by highlighting the desired channels from the input channel list and click Add gt gt To remove a channel from the output list highlight and click Remove The selected channels will t
7. Grab To Grab the selected time in the Reference Window Needs to use in conjunction with Reference Window First select the desired time period in the Reference Window by dragging the mouse pointer directly over the reduction waveform and then click the Grab button in the Function Window 1 Block To choose a time frame with block length First select the desired start time either using Apply or Grab then click the 1 Block button It value of block size is set by FFT Block Size in the Option Button see section 4 2 1 Start time will remain the same End time is obtained by adding the quotient of block size divided by sampling frequency to the start time To choose the time frame of the entire test data by click the Full button Table 4 8 Time Frame buttons Group Menu Item Description 4 3 5 Time Moving Button Group Start Plat Play Stop Forward Backward Rewind The time moving button group allows user to move processing time frame within the data file time as described in table 4 2 8 Start Plot Starts data processing and display the result without continuously advancing to the next time frame i e plot and freeze with not animation or update Play Start data processing and display the result one time frame at a time and continuously updates by advancing to the next time frame The next time frame will have the same duration but with its Start Time equals to the end 36 time o
8. M menu page there will only be one function displayed represented by one plot line within each sub plot The function displayed is defined by the selection in the signal filter function channel menu group a Function Window 9040253 dat 1 JB X Opio amp uck x 15 5 20 v0 00 30 7 5 41 Tine 213 Erd Trepi 2 pc Sab 1 Block Ful Ozen Setng 5avs ehnz a Ho al Fleks k Stew Pkt Pau Forvard Backward Rzwend 9040229 I ck Size 2048 Yo of Bock z Bw 5 IE Tirese0 8 bc 2 Wincow Tupe Hone Overlap E 2200 7 x 23 PH PFP SPS NFO Raw PSC RBMz 245753254712 Den FFPFaD 81320 Ran 25D AMS 20 73061 MAMMA Aum Het 1 e 003 Dep 1 e Dtr 1 e 0tr 1 22005 SANHI ier a 1 26007 1 26003 1 e 011 n ANAN AREN AN aman nii 31271 mnm 128m 3 5 TTI Sen AN Pes ee d LIS bode Saltire 2x Siga Liew Sake Foss boa Cy Aube Liew Giggle Franken 0 Wide Lian Huiles Fu neran Han Tae lar Tikes OL Yes Tie n am sh 8 Sao C Manual 2H hire o Hasr D Hanru n pa Gid Typa Gid 2 Lis C Ves s Lees Cen Cl Leg Hn C3 Lap m Hes Eck runi Coku Teer inca bimi m Ceda Frost ng Foancion Mo 1 Liras iR E gnal Fia Facts Funcion Thickrar P Syl 2 Ov po Tas Hii cg Channa 1 Kies Phal Cokes j p xe n mex Lipdaie Figure 4 28 M Menu Page of each sub plot Single Line Option 38 4 3 6 2 Mu
9. PC SIGNAL 1 1 Introduction PC SIGNAL M is a PC based dynamic signal analysis software package running under the PC Window Environment The package makes signal processing a simple task for analyzing vibration acoustic strain or other dynamic signal measurements Other than its general capability for spectral waveform analysis it includes a number of specialized signal analysis techniques The special techniques are useful for engine machinery diagnostic evaluation bearing gearbox and drive train signature analysis and vibration signature analysis The package saves enormous amounts of time by eliminating the programming effort that used to be required to perform sophisticated signal analysis PC SIGNAL simplifies every aspect of the signal processing operation by effective application of its graphical user interface It expedites all steps from importing raw signal data files through choice of processing algorithm to outputting the results PC SIGNAL offers e Latest technology for signal analysis e User friendly GUI control of program options e Powerful visualization e Audio playback to PC Speaker e Ease of report amp presentation generation provides various output format in a standard hard copy data plot or electronics copy in bitmap format e Automate large repeated data processing tasks with batch mode e No Programming required e Display large number of data channel plots simultaneously User can select the number of proce
10. Plots Ymax dB 2n Time History dE risa E ES End Channel Skewness deg 15 x Tracking Start Stop Sound T range of sub plot 20 a of PSD Page EJ Sound Menu Update Cancel Start Stop New One jo Open Menu Save Menu Print C Save Figure 5 3 Waterfall Menu Page 44 50 800 5 000 1027 500 Save Image 2050 000 Figure 5 4 PSD Waterfall Plot 45 amp h 33 423 w 27 4884 iie 4095 000 Tee i 5117 500 5 3 3D Bi Coherence Advanced Module Only This option allows a user of PC Signal to draw 3D br coherence function byxx f1 f2 the chosen channel as a function of 2 frequencies f4 fp reference to Technical Section The following table explains the remaining menu item that applied to bi coherence 3D Bi Coherence Menu Items Start Frequency f2 Start frequency of f2 y axis for Bi Coherence processing Note the x axis in the 3D bi coherence plot represent the 1 frequency argument f1 End Frequency 12 End frequency of f2 for Bi Coherence processing Color Table Sets graph color gray scale or color Table 5 4 3D Bi Coherence Menu Items 5 x Signal Filter Function Channel Haw Mo C Yes Bi_Coh 1 Key Phasor a Men No of Blocks is 200 Data Start Time 0 Data End Time 51 Max Peak Amplitude sais 8478477E 04 Start Time 20 End Time 40 E Auto Min Peak Amplitud
11. TRANS k Non dimension Transmissibility 3 9 Xy Linear Cross Coherence Linear Cross Coherence a normalized cross spectrum measures the degree of linear dependence between the two input measurements and 1s displayed as a function of frequency This is another analysis tool that a user can apply to determine the valid range of the available data On display plots this relationship 1s frequently labeled COH COH k 5005 00 non dim Linear Cross Coherence 3 10 id Sa KS y k Impulsive Response Function IRF The IRF is the inverse Fourier Transform of the Transfer Function h t FFT H k Non dimension Impulsive Response Function IRF 3 11 Cross Correlation The Cross Correlation is the average of the product of a signal x t at time t and another signal y t at time delayed t R 0 E x t y t 2 FFT S K EU2 Cross Correlation 3 12 Phase Tracking A processing technique to track and display the Transfer Function phase changes of a selected frequency component whose frequency may be drifting This technique is very effective for analyzing data from rotary machines where the components are related to the shaft speed The user sets up this process to display how the phase of a selected spectral component shifts value as the machine speeds up or slows down Usually the phase 1s between a vibration measurement and a speed measurement 10 4 Shock Response Spectrum A Shock Response
12. caw Pen aea uber diea tots 14 4 2 Processing Example in Function Window ccccccccccccessseeeeececeeeeeaeesseseceeeeeeeaas 16 4 3 Function Window Button Group cccccessesseccccccceeeeeesseeeeeeeeeaeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeees 26 ASE OU decent ese E magica sane tua dtemu edna eseansann ed 21 A OEK oT set real E TE 35 Bond OPENS Ne CES a a a a oft 35 Ae Processimg Dane Pran voi insetasirsactarntenieasetneensarainvelavarnactaratenedueteeeusaainadoents 36 AS Time MOvine Group cet re eaeresotec ia es cu edet bi eu ease eani bu ges uw EP pu onu 36 4 3 0 M Menu in Function Window esses nennen 38 SDPIOU VEO NS 4 5 1 SPO CUE OST ANN METER 43 3 2 Weatettall cR 44 5 3 SDBECOlN nisse an aa pui de ar 46 CTCL AUS SIM EEC H TEICHR 48 6 1 Generate Filter Dado seco dait nci Ee Moab te abt tudo NET eate itadiqu 48 6 2 Generate Decimation Data cx oid T E E 50 6 3 Generate Envelop Data soosse edens eut pe e a E A feisuedictus 52 6 4 Generate Order Trackin Dali eii terea ee n aenactuctneeneerruniaes eel 54 6 5 Generate PSE MUD ala aenea E poen UU NOME p RE QU DU NAME o ies 56 Bills 58 7 1 Extacy Mere i Toe tener rE ee ee UDR ae en me ee ee Ree MOR nr rene n ne ay 58 12 OHer Dutt Conversio inyned ara TITRE 60 PASS Sep aapa A O 6l rid 62 Tec hmiel s o EPOR S ccce eae E A d he Ud cote er eee dU EE 64 Introduction to
13. easy recognition during recall This step of adding to basket can be repeated many times to add more plots into the basket during analysis 2 To view all plots been saved in the basket clicking on Option or right mouse button and select View basket A Basket menu page as shown in Figure 4 26 will be displayed Clicking Remove will remove highlighted data from basket Using Save to save the current basket to a basket file name 3 To recall plot files stored in a basket file at a later time clicking on Option or right mouse button and select View Basket and then use Open to open the desired basket file 4 To plot the recalled plots in the basket file first click on the desired sub plot box user might need to clear this sub plot box Then choose the desired plot name in the basket file list by highlighting it and then click Add to Plot button The recalled plot will now be displayed in the selected sub plot box More than one plot can be placed in the one sub lot box Each data in the basket can further be manipulated by using Add button A combination of data in the basket can be obtained by highlighting data setting Factor and clicking Add This is similar to Multiple Lines Multiple Functions in M Menu of Function Window Click Remove to remove a particular line from the plot in Block Manipulation Reset removes all data Add to Plot draws graph of man
14. size e g 4096 for filtering processing from the Block Size box To save current settings for future use choose appropriate number from drop down Menu list and click Save Selecting a menu number and clicking Open will retrieve previously saved filter settings Click on Start to start the OT processing Click Stop to stop the process Menu Item Description of Generate Order Tracking Data Menu Page Input File Name of input file for processing Available Channels Name of channels available in the input file for processing Selected Channels Channels to be processed for output Start time to generate envelope data Output File Name of output file for processing End time to generate envelope data FET size Allows user to open previous settings or save current settings Start the envelope process Terminates the envelope process Order Tracking Signal Menu Item Description Original Key Enter an approximate key phase frequency not Sync frequency 54 Phasor Frequency Original of points per key phasor period New of point per key phasor period New Key within the processing time frame For example if RPM is about 6000 100 Hz and the key phase has 4 pulses revolution then key phase frequency 4 100 400 Hz For information only User cannot enter in this box From the original Key Phasor Frequency the program automatically computes the approximate Number of sampled point between
15. table 4 1 1 OK Confirms the current settings To cancel click x at top right hand corner of window Table 4 7 Quick Button Menu Item Description The channel arrangement is governed by the Row Column Arrangement selection in the Processing Parameters 4 3 3 Open save setting pen Setting Save Setting 0 After user set up the various plot formats within a Function Window such as a 3row by 3 column plot with 1 column showing time histories 2 column showing PSDs 3 column showing Histograms the setting can be save to a Function Window Setting 35 Menu which is recorded as a menu number Such saved page setting can then be recalled for future usage without having to repeat the setup process again 4 3 4 Processing Time Frame PTF buttons Group Start Time TN End Tme si Apply Grab 1 Black F ull The Processing Time Frame Buttons Group allows the user to select the processing time frame as described in table 4 8 Note Since the Function Window will perform either block by block processing or multiple block averaging the user selected Processing Time Frame will be automatically truncated to the smaller block time near the PTF Block size is set in the Processing Parameters window discussed in section 4 3 1 Description of Menu Item in Quick Button Apply To manually select a time frame Enter the desired times in the start end time box and then click the Apply button
16. using Browse button Header information of the selected file can be view from the Header button 3 Select output data file from output File using Browse button Header information of the output file will be automatically created which can be view from the Header button 4 Selected channels of input file to be filtered in the Available Channels box by highlighting the desired channels from the input channel list and click Add To remove a channel from the output list highlight and click Remove The selected channels will then be shown on the Chosen Channels box 5 Select the filter characteristics either by directly entering the 3 boxes for Filter Order Low cutoff and High cutoff or from the menu page of Show Filter as discussed in Section 4 1 6 Select the star end time for filtering from the Start Time and End Time boxes Select the block size e g 4096 for filtering processing from the Block Size box To save current settings for future use choose appropriate number from drop down Menu list and click Save Selecting a menu number and clicking Open will retrieve previously saved filter settings 9 Click on Start to start the filtering process Click Stop to stop the process 9o x 48 Filter Data Menu Output file Browse Selected Channel Available Channel HFFF SPD NFE HFFP RAD 84 ACC HFFF RAD 96 ACC HFFF RAD 180 ACC HFFP RAD
17. value of a spectral component S 4S ly ee en LLR 2 EU auto spectrum 3 3 yp 21 OP V2 4522 X00 p 3 3 Auto Correlation The Auto Correlation is the average of the product of a signal at time t and its time delayed counterpart value at t t R T E x t x t 72 FFT S k EU2 Auto Correlation 3 4 Cepstrum The Cepstrum is the FFT of the Power Auto Spectrum CEPS q FFT S k EU Cepstrum 3 5 The mean square value of a spectral component 1s computed from the following relationship 1 N 1 N I T N 2 1 N 2 1 N 2 1 o Y x n P XP 22 Y xa09f 2 YS A Y PSDQ 3 6 N k 0 k 0 k 0 k 0 k 0 Ifthe FFT size in generating PAS is NFFT then the FFT size used for Cepstrum generation will be NFFT 2 The resulting Cepstrum will have NFFT 4 points of data in Quefrency pseudo time domain corresponding to 0 to Qmax where Qmax 0 5 Block Time 0 5 NFFT Fs Fs sampling frequency If there exists a sequence of peaks in PSD with frequency 66 separation of Fsep Hz it will exhibit a peak in Cepstrum domain at fundamental Quefrency of Fsep Spectral Component Tracking This is a processing technique to track and display the change in frequency and amplitude with time of a spectral component In rotary equipment a tracking display is particularly helpful by showing how a frequency component shifts value as shaft speed varies with time Spectrogram and Waterfall Display A 3 dime
18. 30 ACC HPFT RAD 30 ACC HPFT RAD 180 ACC FASLDIS HPFP 20 Add Remove COO CD CT ee toh Check if Applicable Filter Start Filter Order 512 Low Cut 2 High Cut 500 Show Filter Stop start Time fo Menu fo End Time 48 Black Size 16384 Open save Figure 6 1 Generate Filter Data Menu Page Table 6 1 Description of Generate Filter Data Menu items 49 6 2 Generate Decimation Data This option allows the users to down sample an input data using low pass filter decimation processing as shown below x t LOW PASS FILTER DECIMATION Procedure for Generate Decimation Data l 2 Click Generate Data Main menu item and select Generate Decimation data a menu page as shown in figure 6 2 will popup Select input data file to be decimated from Input File using Browse button Header information of the selected file can be view from the Header button Select output data file from Output File using Browse button Header information of the output file will be automatically created which can be view from the Header button Selected channels of input file to be processed in the Available Channels box by highlighting the desired channels from the input channel list and click Add To remove a channel from the output list highlight and click Remove The selected channels will then be shown on the Chosen Channels box Select the Pre Decimation filter ch
19. 6 1i 1 50 2 Deo 500 T0 Dn n ELONI Tna mmo 150 DOC flo mo non Ton non 170 aon Tires 3c Titres 22 Figure 4 8 Resulting Plot of Six Wave Form Reduction Functions Function Window Histogram For this purpose change the row and column setup to 2x1 and Start Time and End Time to 0 and 50 respectively From Quick menu in Function Window select Histogram as the processing function Click Menu button to set Histogram parameters Figure 4 9 shows a sample setting and figure 4 10 shows the resulting plot w Histogram Menu X Histogram Menu Minimum Masini jo Bo OF Cancel Figure 4 9 Sample Histogram Setting 20 I5 TAA dal Block Siegel 024 Mog Elgck S00 B OD Tine D S000 Wide Typs Fadtangubx D erap CE SSeS 4 272 DES PH unl Aam Heig 400 GWA Ban Hebegiam JAA Figure 4 10 Resulting Histogram Plot Function Window PSD Using 2x2 setup and FFI Block Size of 4096 figure 4 11 shows the setup and figures 4 12 1 block and 13 amp 14 multiple blocks average resulting plots Quick Menu start Channel End Channel 4 Signal Menu Filter Factor Function Menu gt Menu 1 0 pa 1 0e0D2 108 000 1 0002 7 Dec 4E 1 De D Lists isih LIe 1 Dele 1 D DS 1 Ded Dis 1 011 Tides Figure 4 11 Setup to Perform Four PSD Plots lad Tesi Adal Block Sica 36 Ha 9l Block 1 Bw 92 50 Time no QOL 4000 Winds
20. 80 000 ANB mn oon DOO jpm 000 Fie pa rea H2 FreaLire Hz Figure 4 14 Resulting PSD Plot 50 Blocks T 50 to 0 sec Following two figures shows the setup and resulting filtered PSD plot To setup Filter parameters click on Menu x Quick Menu start Channel 4 End Channel 4 Signal Menu Filter Factor Function Menu Raw O No Ove PSD gt Menu Figure 4 15 Quick Menu Setup to Perform Filtered PSD 22 ISO Testi dat Black Size 4096 No of Block 125 Bw z2 5 Time 50 re 100 0000 Window Type Mone Overlap 0 10 1 2002 9 07 1 0e 003 GWAT Raw F PSO AMS 0 4755912 1 0e 004 1 0e 006 1 0e 007 1 0e 008 1 0e 005 731 423 1452 85 2194 286 2925 714 3657 143 4388 571 5120 000 Frequency Hz Figure 4 16 Resulting Filtered PSD Plot Function Window Frequency Matching Frequency Matching function is implemented in PC Signal to enable users easily identify peaks Frequency Matching requires a Frequency Table To setup a Frequency Table click right mouse button and select Frequency Matching Setup Frequency Matching Marking Setup window figure 4 17 appears Next click New to setup a new table Enter ISO_TestlA as the name Next another window figure 4 18 pops up This is where all the peak information is entered To enter peak information enter peak Symbol peak Description and its frequency fixed or relative to reference frequen
21. Colors gt Cancel OK Ca Eel Apply J Time History Mean Freq Amp Tracking AMS E S i Skewness Averaged PSD Kurse Peak Hold PSD d Maz Min Wave Form Heductian k a e Auto Spectrum i Auto Spectrum Averaged Cross Spectrum Power Auto Spectrum k Peak Hold CPLE Auto Correlation MonLinear Coherence Bta Transfer Function Transfer Func Phase PPS4 PSD Linear Coherence Cepstrum Power Cross Spectrum Shock Spectrum Analysis Histogram Octave Transmitability Cross Correlation Impulse Response Func Figure 4 1 Selection of Signal Processing amp Function Display in Function Window a Signal Flow Diagram b Corresponding Signal Function Menu group c Pull down menu for Signal Selection d Pull down Menu for Filter Selection e Pull down Menu for Function Selection f Line Color Selection 15 4 2 Processing Example in the Function Window In PC Signal almost all of signal processing are performed in Function Window To open Function Window select Signal Processing gt Function Window gt Default Custony Default results in same setting as the previous window setup and custom allows the user to specify number of rows and columns There are also several predefined settings that a user can choose from A sample Function Window is shown in figure 4 2 idan training data tio Testradat ni xl Onion Bud Stat Time 50 E
22. D Tesili da Block pel 024 Ho el Block 1 Bv z 10 00 Time 100 bo 100 1000 Windes Typs Mone Desilep US 10712 2002 20035 PM 120 000 anl and GWH Aas Time Hislow 40 000 40 000 320 000 700 000 100 12 Toner 300 CO NE ims Time 5m 1200000 UW 5pi Dieks sirnid sinz 43w aw Time Hislory ain nm ADU UU 1200 000 i00 100 050 Time Sec 100 000 ad Aam Time Histon 33 313 3 333 00 000 Ton 01010 100 060 Tire 5e YH Bas Time Hilmy 100 060 Tire 5a Figure 4 4 Time History Plot Note To set Block Size click Options button in the Function Window and set change FFI Data Block Size Figure 4 5 shows the Processing Parameters window Processing Parameters window can also be invoked by clicking right mouse button and selecting Processing Parameters option Start Time and End Time can be entered manually In this case Apply button has to be pressed to confirm In Function Window you can zoom into any time or frequency range by press drag and release left mouse button Figure 4 6 shows a sample in zooming in to particular time range 17 L Processing Parameters E gt FFT Dara Block Size 1 O24 Flay Execution Delay 1 msec Overlap 7 o Time Domain Vavetorm Reduction Parameters Cs Fired Sliding indos O Fixed Total Reduction Paint Sliding Vfindaw Size point 1 024 Equivalent A eduction Times 0 1 sec Frequency Domain Spectra
23. E bia Ten Fc ae TA Dell d 3irz2 on qns ED HI STIF Sap Frequency Ha Finpay Haj Figure 5 2 PSD Spectrogram Plot 43 5 2 Waterfall This option allows a user of PC Signal to draw PSD waterfall plot which display PSD of the chosen channel as a function of time and frequency The following table explains the remaining menu item that applied to waterfall Waterfall Menu Items Manual Ymax Ymin User enters the PSD amplitude range by specifying the maximum y value in dB and minimum y value as dB down from Ymax All PSD beyond this Ymax Ymin range will be truncated in the waterfall display Auto Ymax Ymin Let PC Signal sets maximum and minimum y values automatically for thelst PSD Skewness of y axis in degrees Y range of Sub Plot Percentage of each individual PSD plot over the entire waterfall page of PSD Page Total number of PSDs to be displayed in one waterfall page Table 5 3 Waterfall Menu Items O x Signal Filter Function Channel Haw No O Yes PSD 2 Accel 84 E Mem Mo of Blocks is 127 k Amplitud Data Start Time 0 Data End Time 51 Max Peak Amplitude 3 x axis 70 41018 Start Time fg End Time 51 Auto Min Peak Amplitude a Block Size 4096 3 Manual Mean Peak Amplitude Window Type None Overlap o Paer E 5 499871 hd asinine T Ma of PSD Avg f Hoof PSO Blacks 126 Batch Menu Start Channet 3D waterfall Active
24. FMi Tracking Urit 2k Hz O AFH Tracking Index Qe Ho Hecurkian Sos nes ipari Equreler Raisio Timez 01 Total amp af Reduction Blocks 2100 Channel esalabie Channel 5elocted 1 ard SERE Add 23 2 1F5iDas pn sncdew I sind 4 GI ri Renawe i mle a GH amass E GAT Emri 7 see ii lau HT Siop Test Parameter i ver C Hn Save For Recall Reduction blocks processed 2190 i Rect Figure 3 3 Reference Window Menu Page with RPM Tracking Menu RPM Tracking Menu Item Description No Of pulses Number of pulses per revolution of the shaft that was recorded in the per Revolution key phasor measurement Threshold Level Threshold level applied to the key phasor pulses for RPM counting Key Phasor Select the key phasor channel Channel To enable this function first click on the Yes button Then specifies the number of pulses that was recorded per revolution of the shaft by entering this number in the No of Pulses Revolution box To obtain expedient and reliable RPM Tracking the user is advised to apply an appropriate Threshold Level to the speed signal waveform This eliminates anomalous low amplitude waveform blips that the program will erroneously process as valid pulses With RPM Tracking option selected PC SIGNAL will automatically process this channel along with the other selected channels At the conclusion of the data processing PC SIGNAL adds the plot to the bott
25. Hz Zoom Out After Zoom In use this option to return to the original plot of overall x range Zoom in is accomplished by click drag and release left mouse button Sync Zoom When chosen synchronized zoom option will be turned on This enables the user to zoom in to same range of frequency or time of all plots in the Function Window It is equivalent to changing the maximum and minimum x axis values of all plots to some value Prints all plots in Function window Print with Peak Prints all plots with peak frequency values Label Print with Prints all plots with peak frequency values matched to existing parameters Frequency Like Multiple Matching then Print Synchronized When chosen synchronized marker option will be turned on This enables the Marker user to compare plots from different graph boxes using same marker position This option will redraw the plots with updated configurations Clear the Function window Show Basket Allows user to see what plot data are stored to be saved into file or further Content processing Figure xx See section yy for detail information on Basket Add to Basket To add and store a single plot data within the Function Window into a basket Single Plot file to be recalled later for further processing Add to Basket To add and store all plots data within the Function Window into a basket file 28 AII Plot to be recalled later for further processing Automat
26. Lit Inpuk wl ge Coriri T He aml mz GUHIT E THE 1 T wv 5 2 Ho pben Hi O5 Pe 1 j v S Fidah fa T eti rini 3 Ho sini lug 1 g 5 Ho ENT 1 18241 1 g w E 5 Ha ani ani GWH Bar 25 THB 1 i 5 Fin He hb Ho DAMM aries 1181 i gw amp Ose Tei hoi du l a Right Click inside above control area for Menu selection ASAI icre Drescher Chon D e 0BWwH o mae ree O venae B m Ex Gem 1 E ex Figure 2 2 Channel Information Window User can change the header information by directly typing in each entry box To change the information in the channel information box first select the desired channel by clicking on the line that channel The user can then make any changes by typing in the channel information box Click Update to confirm changes for each channel After entering new channel information and clicking Add will add a new channel into current header file To save the updated information back into the file click OK and a file selection sub window as shown in figure 2 3 will pop Click Save to save the header file User can also specify a different header file name Save jn a vess j les Ex Template mai menu L3 Tsal startmenu menu Wizards test menu azimuth menu test menu db men last data menu Save as type Menu menu Cancel Open as read only v Figure 2 3 Save Header File 2 3 Print Setup Selecting Default Pri
27. PC SIGNAL Basic Module User Manual AI Signal Research Inc 3411 Triana Blvd SW Huntsville AL 35805 256 551 0008 ASR al signal research inc http www aisignal com February 2003 ASRI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Now Available PC SIGNAL A Transfer of NASA s Space Shuttle Main Engine Health Monitoring and viis e Diagnostics Software Technology PE SIGNAT visit our website aisignal com pcsignal E e TE i n iua PC SIGMAL software scrutinizes complex dynamic signatures and offers spacialized signal analysis techniques lor rotating machinery diagnostics in conjunction with comprehensive capabilities for spectral waveform analysis With the same tools experts use in the examination of high 5 speed rocket engine turbopumps PC SIGIM AL simplifies f every aspect of the signal processing operation by efective application of its graphical user interface It expedites all stops from importing diverse row signal files through processing and display of engineering results PC SHSNAL offers The latest technology for diagnostic evaluation e Robust signal enhancement and anamaly identification User friendly GUI contral of program options Powertul visualization Parallel audio playback of raw or processed signal to speaker or sound card Complete sal of output formats for report preparation Automated batch processing of extensive data anal
28. Spectrum SRS is the response of a structure or mechanical system to the application of a very short transient force The SRS is an algorithm that calculates the relative significance of all the frequency components that are associated with the shock The SRS is further defined as the spectral distribution of the maximum relative displacement responses of a 68 series of single degree of freedom systems This process is preset to calculate and display the equivalent acceleration responses of the single degree of freedom systems Because of its very specific characteristics a user will find a Shock Response Spectrum to be useful in comparing the behavior of a system to two or more transient inputs The mathematical formulation 1s based on the equation of motion for system with a single degree of freedom d z Z d x mM Te qn n 4 1 dt dt dt x t Input acceleration time history y t Absolute displacement of m z t Relative displacement of m to base motion The following absolute acceleration of m is obtained t y t 2 o x f e cosa t T dt 2 1 2 t 4 2 0 I e where z t x t sino t T dt 4 3 O d 0 Damping ratio ELM 24km C Natural frequency o B m The SRS is calculated by determining the maximum value of y t for all time The peak values found during the transient is called the Primary Spectrum and the peak values found after the transient 1s called the Res
29. Tee Rectangular Deak 05 3 3 2008 424 27 PN anlan GAHI Aes Poo Rer 0n 3 e DE 10 Soloed sinc eI Rear POO BS n LIH De Dou D DC 1 Dex Dod 1 i 1 0 0H 1 De Dos 1260 DOC ZBL DOG ot DOO 1220 00 2950 000 JBAD UD Frequency Hz Frequency Hz umi Aes PSD Aid Ser BEA Gwht Aw PO Ab Sef F950 AB mn 2340 nor 0 i 256 DO jpPm 000 sre 000 Fragaancy H2 Frege Hz Figure 4 12 Resulting PSD Plot 1 Block T 50 to 50 4 sec 2 Ia Tesi T5 dal Black See Ha ol Block 12 EP 2 50 Tie bo 100 0000 e ndo Tepe Bectangubr Oven 03 JaV 23 01 Pe anlan GWA Aes FSD RWSerL Dx TIE Sob Pasian en S Bees POO AHS 422 HRESTIUES ec 006 1 Us 1 De 04 1 nen De Doc 1 B02 1 De DOO Os m 1 otc 1280 000 25 BO 000 3B Don SA DC 120 000 eerie JEAD OD Frequency Hz Frequency H umi Aes PSD Aid Ser EBIGE Gwht Bow Poo S MM ANB 1 256 DOO JHD 000 5120 000 Fi pa ret H2 Frega FH 2 Figure 4 13 Resulting PSD Plot 50 Blocks T 50 to 100 sec lad Tesi Adal Block Sica HI36 Ho gl Block 122 Pao 290 Tice 0 po OOD Window Tine Rectangular Deran CS Dal 202 4 7 35 PM anlan GAHI Aes Poo AAS 20 33h 10 ois nsn d sane Ry Rese PO FS 432 10753 1 esr Der CO ies Des Id 1 0g nnc Dez Dic 1 Ded rd Deni 7 02002 10e DOG 1 De003 1 De DET Lisom 1 Deore J 1260 000 Jp4D onn ipei H z E z umi Aas PSD Aid Sel 38 745 BwHi Aaa PSO AhSei 000727 i Oes0ne 1 0e0 iD 1 6003 e006 12
30. a Conversion This option allows the user to convert data files from PC to UNIX format or vice versa see figure Explanations for each parameter are in the following table Parameter Function Input File Name of input file Browse button is used to set the file name Output File Name of output file Click Browse to set the name Unix to PC PC to Unix Original and destination file format to convert data from and to Table 7 2 Data Conversion Window Parameters Data Conyvertion Input File dat Ce Browse Output file dat Browse te From Unix to PC 3 From PC to Unix Start Figure 7 2 Data Conversion Window 60 8 0 Page Setup Page Setup allows a user to configure the plot format setup x y scale labels color etc for all sub plots displayed either on screen or printed out Even though such plot format setup can also be achieved by setting each individual sub plot from its M Menu but this Page Setup provides a more convenient way to so By clicking Page Setup main menu item a Page Setup menu page as shown in Figure 8 1 will popup Table 8 1 lists the description of the Page Setup menu items w Default Color Setting x Fage Label e BackGround Color Line Color pm biimu fa Minimum fg EN hd aximum 127 864 Maximum 56 BEEBE Marker Color Type Grid Type Grid Ge Linear 2 Yes 3 Linear 3 Yes Cancel 3 Lag e No 1 Log 2 No Symbol Left Margin
31. aracteristics either by directly entering the 3 boxes for Filter Order Low cutoff and High cutoff or from the menu page of Show Filter Select the star end tme for filtering decimation from the Start Time and End Time boxes Select the block size e g 4096 for filtering processing from the Block Size box Enter the desired down sampling factor must be an integer in the Decimation factor box To save current settings for future use choose appropriate number from drop down Menu list and click Save Selecting a menu number and clicking Open will retrieve previously saved filter settings 10 Click on Start to start the filtering process Click Stop to stop the process Note The higher cutoff frequency in filter must be smaller than sampling frequency 2 decimation factor 50 Decimation Menu Inpul lis SS Brees Output He rrr ama Selected Chama Erxl B Femove Check i pplicabls Filtre Fiter Greer fa Lew Cut n HichCut fegn beri Stop Skal Tire E End T mz 53 hen fo Gown Sanplng NH Black Sea nm mw Open Save Figure 6 2 Generate Decimation Data Menu Page Description of Generate Decimation Data Menu Page Input File Name of input file for processing Output File Name of output file for processing Available Channels Name of channels available in the input file for processing Selected Channels C
32. cessing only Fixed Sliding Window reduces the time data into 1 Reduction point for the reduction set Fixed Total Reduction reduces the time data to the fixed total number of points regardless of the size of input Window Type Type of window None Flat Top Hamming Hanning Kaiser Bessel and Rectangular Applied to all spectral analysis No of Application For Multiple window application Applied to all spectral analysis Peak Fr equency The range where the highest peak 1s to be searched from current mouse Locking Mouse position This 1s only used in finding peak Applied to frequency Marker Window domain function display Spectral Type This option sets the spectral types as Power Spectrum Density Power Auto Spectrum and Auto Spectrum Row Col This option applies to setting plots using Quick menu only This option Arrangement sets the row column major plot channel assignment Histogram Plot Para This option is for use in Statistics display Table 4 4 Processing Parameters in Option Button 4 3 1 2 Sound Option in Option Button The user can enable this option Spectrogram Waterfall Topo and listen to the sound of raw data being processed It can be selected in the Right Mouse Button option When that option is switched on figure 4 25 a sound menu appears Once this menu is set the user can listen to sound of data as the file is being processed Parameters and their explanations f
33. ctrogram Waterfall or 3D Bi Coherence graphs Click on Signal Processing and choose 3D Window a 3D Window menu page as shown in Figure 5 1 will pop up By entering on appropriate menu items and clicking Start PC Signal will start the 3D processing and display Explanation of common menu items for 3D plot is delineated in the following table Parameter Function Parameter Name Plot Format Allows user to choose format of 3D plot by checking on desired plot type Spectrogram Waterfall or Bi Coherence Signal Filter Type of signal to be used in processing data Same as table 4 1 Filter parameters to be used in data processing Same as table 4 1 Factor Scalar multiplier of signal Same as table 4 1 Function Channel Start Time End Time Block Size Type of function to be used in data processing Same as table 4 1 Sets the channel to be processed Same as table 4 1 1 Start time for processing data End time for processing data FFT size After FFT size is set PC Signal will automatically display total number of blocks available for the current file for reference Window Type Type of window for PSD None Flat Top Hamming Hanning Kaiser Bessel and Rectangular No of PSD Avg axis Active Plots Number of FFT blocks to be averaged over for each PSD line Selects automatic or manual x axis values It allows user to view Time History PSD or Tracking when each line function of the 3D plot 1s be
34. cy Next check Active and click Add When a peak is not active its frequency will not be matched with any peak found Click OK when done For this example 1x1 Function Window with a PSD plot for channel 1 block size of 4096 from O to 210 second is used To use whole data file click Full Click Start to begin processing When resulting plot is shown make sure correct Frequency Table is selected Then select Multiple Matching gt One Plot to perform frequency matching Resulting plot is shown in figure 4 19 23 IB Frequency Matching Marking Setup E xj Frequency Matching Parameters Frequency T able Frequency Matching Error Allowed Hz ir For harmonic Matching Maxinum Number of Harmonics to be Matched For CamenSideband Matching b asimum Number of Carrier Harmonics fi T Maximum Number of Sideband Harmonics fi 0 For Multiple Peak Matching Matching Frequency Window Freg Bin SNA Threshold for Peak Selection dE For Frequency Pattern Marking Frequency Pattern Marker Window Ho of Points fi OF Figure 4 17 Frequency Matching Marking Setup Frequency Table Setup 150O_Testia E X Frequency T able Setup 9 Mo Modulation Sideband Use Freq Table Far Sideband Calculation Use Special Modulation Sideband T able Reference Frequency g Fixed fioo Paste Fregt Symbol Description Absolute Ratio to Referenced Active Press Chri to paste data fr
35. e Block Size CO Manual TEM i 1024 Mean Peak Amplitude Window Type None Overlap 5 o Minimum n 2 318896E 04 hd asimum No of PSD Blacks 199 Batch Menu Color T able 3 Gray Color 20 Bi COH Menu Start Frequency 0 End Frequency 2560 Active Plots Time History Start Channel End Channel PSD Tracking Start Stop Mas Freg is 2560 C Sound Print C Save Sound Menu Update Cancel Start _ Stop New Dne a Oper Menu Save Menu Figure 5 5 3D Bi coherence Menu Page 46 a0 Specinagram Ini x w vM Ei Smee seam set 089 258 039 Full Page EAPC SIGNAL Ex amp MPLE Data Fiai sampe data dal Koy Phas Block sies TODA No of PSD Average i Fr g eney Hz Figure 5 6 3D Bi coherence function 47 6 0 Generate Data Generate Data allows user to perform various signal processing of an opened data file and store the results in an output data file 6 1 Generate Filter Data This option allows the users to filter an input data and generate an output filtered data file Description of Generate Filter Data Menu items is listed in table 6 1 BAND PASS t x t FILTER yt Procedure for Generate Filter Data 1 Click Generate Data Main menu item and select Generate Filtered Data a menu page as shown in figure 6 1 will popup 2 Select input data file to be filtered from Input File
36. e correction factor for adjusting the PSD amplitude is gt Sxx f Syy f COR Table 10 1 Window Correction Factors Window Type Effective Duration COR 1 N w 1 Noise Bandwidth Af 0 375 T 1 500 1 500 Af 0 291 T 1 798 1 798 Af Flat Top NEN 0 234 3 770 Af 10 6 Raw Data Utilities PC SIGNAL includes a group of functions that provides a user significant capabilities to work with raw data files These utility functions allow a user to convert decimate extract and merge raw data files The specific application of each process 1s as follows Convert changes the format of the file from its current format to another selected format For example from binary to octal 70 Decimate reduces the number of samples in a data file by deleting every nth sample For example by decimating a file by 2 every second sample is deleted thus a 100 000 sample file 1s reduced to a 50 000 sample file Extract withdraws a selected subset of samples from file for use For example the utility extracts all the samples from a file between the 10 and 20 seconds Merge takes two files and interleaves the samples thus producing a new file with all the samples from the other two 7
37. e output function fx will be displayed in x y plot format The x axis can be time e g time history reduction tracking etc time lag correlation function frequency PSD Transfer function coherence shock spectra etc or other parameter such as bi frequency for bi coherence function Function parameters can be set whenever necessary by clicking menu button appeared to the right of menu number being used Channel Line To specify the thickness of plotting line for function display Thickness Color To specify the color of plotting line for function display Figure 4 11 Table 4 1 Description of Signal Function Menu group in Function Window 14 Raw Signal t fx X Y Plot of a ofselected 3J the Resulting channel Function Processing Function YA Lie E Signal Filter Factor Function Thickness b m No C Yes m Time History Ts Channel 1 Kistler amp olor o Menu o Manu Ipdate C rder Tracking WED w FHR Windowed Filter Design mem zjx E zx 10 sun Impulse Response Function mr r 57 7 5i a i tere i quency IH Fll Transfer Function d Filter size mu ii nai lini lisi x L J Frequency Phase Transfer Function mI NI s ae a i z HE EH NN gao wi idor Type Hamming E Ted E m z 120 0 Frequency Hz Tgp is faa fa fi Low cutoff 4 d ow Cutoff Frequency Es ei High cutatf 3 d igh Cutolf Frequency 3090 Define Custom
38. e previously saved filter settings Click on Start to start the envelop process Click Stop to stop the process Note The higher cutoff frequency in post envelops filter must be smaller than sampling frequency 2 decimation factor 52 Channels to be processed for output Pre Envelop Check box to the left must be selected 1n order to pre envelop filtering Filter User enters appropriate numbers for Filter Order Low Cut and High Cut User can click Show Filter to see filter s transfer function Filter parameters can also be set during the process as displayed in figure Post Envelop Filter Same as setting pre envelop filter parameters Start time to generate envelope data End time to generate envelope data Decimation Factor Decimation number for down sampling must be an integer number The new sampling frequency of the output file will be reduced by Decimation Factor Decimation number while processing data Table 6 3 Description of Generate Envelop Data Menu Page im extract Envelop Menu Output file Browse Selected Channel Avallabel Channel Add Kistler 4 2 Flow meter 3 Kistler Disch F 4 Inlet pressure Benove 5 Kistler Inlet 6 delta pressure 7T speed H aces Check if Appilcable Pre Envelop Filter Filter Order 512 Low Cut jo High Cut 279664 a eae ot ES Post Envelop Filter Filter Order 512 Low Lut jo High Cut 1279 864 fa Sioa Stop Start Time FRE Decimat
39. ect input data file to be decimated from Input File using Browse button Header information of the selected file can be view from the Header button Select output data file from output File using Browse button Header information of the output file will be automatically created which can be view from the Header button Selected channels of input file to be processed in the available Channels box by highlighting the desired channels from the input channel list and click Add To remove a channel from the output list highlight and click Remove The selected channels will then be shown on the Chosen Channels box Select the Pre Envelope filter band pass characteristics either by directly entering the 3 boxes for Filter Order Low cutoff and High cutoff or from the menu page of Show Filter The frequency band selected here will be utilized to compute the envelop signal Select the Post Envelope filter low pass characteristics for Decimation Select the star end time for envelope analysis from the Start Time and End Time boxes Select the block size e g 4096 for filtering processing from the Block Size box Enter the desired down sampling factor must be an integer in the Decimation factor box To save current settings for future use choose appropriate number from drop down Menu list and click Save Selecting a menu number and clicking Open will retriev
40. f current time frame Animation display is shown with old graphs being overwritten when new data 1s processed and ready to be graphed Stop data processing and advancing Advance one time frame and process display without further advancing Move back one time frame and process display without further action Goes processing time frame back to the start of data file Table 4 9 Time Moving Button Group Menu Item Description The horizontal bar appeared in the middle of window indicates where the current block located with respect to the whole data file When Reference Window is activated the current processing time frame will also show as a moving bar on Reference Window s reduction waveform The feature allows the user to correlate the timing of information displayed in Function Widow to the overall test profile 37 4 3 6 M Menu in Function Window As discussed in section 4 3 2 the Quick option allows users to setup page settings quickly by specifying the same processing function for multiple channels If user needs to set up different processing function for multiple channels it can be achieved using the M Menu of each sub plot By clicking M at the top right corner of each sub plot box an M menu page appears Figure 4 28 Settings for individual sub plot are done here The descriptions of each menu item in the M menu Page are listed in table 4 9 4 3 6 1 Single Line Option When Single Line Option is selected in the
41. format color x y axis range linear log etc to be discussed in section 4 3 Table 4 2 Description of Function Window Button Group ce dats rst Test line 1 Em OI x Option Qus Thats all tanc Sear Tne T NET Dame ues IBkck Ful gy Operiseting aesa o v noc Bleck i EE pe soe Biel Fed Bend Th 50_ Test del Block Sko 104 Hool Block 1 B T0 DD Times D bo 01000 Vnde Type Fiecherguler Drele Ux 22718252003 30215 Pe anle GW Bee Tine Hislop 146 000 10 5o Del alee eri ew Raya Tima Histor Ui MM Z2 5 0 E Ce D DEZ 2 5e X T2 1 0e 00 1 zz Ee DD 2 6 02002 Fe I 0 001 Tima bac Tima Sex znl Asn Tine Hrtory BuwMI Ree Time Heiny LM l D j z E02 5 aon 7 Betiz 1 Ce 001 Time Sei Time Sex Figure 4 20 Function Window Display 26 4 3 1 Option Button This button is the same as a right mouse click on any part of the Function Window When the Option button or the right mouse button is clicked from the Function Window it opens a pop up option menu figure 4 21 The Option button allows user to select processing parameter number of row column for plotting zoom marker basket save print etc The description of each menu item 1s shown in Table 4 3 Breacesung Doro Ere F Dats Block Size mme Flank O2calap LE o Fla Esacutcn Dalay i rr 2a y sis Widnes 0 scrap 7 o Time Dornan waveform B aduta EPAarzmietars ER Firad Eli lriga e ride S
42. g amp diagnosis e FedEx conveyor belt bearing fault detection 1 2 Program Overview PC SIGNAL program execution is performed through the main menu items 1 File To select and open a data file for processing and analysis view edit the header information of the opened data file and select default printer to print output to TI PEC SIGNAL File Signal Processing Generate Data Lkitities Page Setup Batch Window Help Project Open Datafile Cro View Header Info Ctrl 1 PrinE Setup Ckrla 5 Exit Ckrld Q Figure 1 1 File Menu Options 2 Signal Processing To perform signal processing of the opened data file and display the results in various function format TI PC SIGNAL File Signal Processing Generate Data Lkitities Page Setup Batch Window Help d Reference Window Ctri R Function Window k 3D window Chro Figure 1 2 Signal Processing Menu Options 3 Generate Data To perform various signal processing of the selected data file and store the result in an output file TI PC SIGNAL File Signal Processing Generate Data Utitities Page Setup Batch Window Help AdataMSU Testl dat Generate Filter Data File Generate Decimation Data File Generate Integration Data File Generate Envelop Data File Generate Order Tracking Data File Generate PSEM Data File Generate New File with New KeyPhasor channels Generate Pseudo KeyPhasor From PSEM Generate Time Dela
43. hannels to be processed for output Pre Decimation Check box to the left must be selected in order to perform pre Filter Decimation filtering User enters appropriate numbers for Filter Order Low Cut and High Cut User can click Show Filter to see what a eraph of filter in use Filter parameters can also be set during the process as displayed in figure Start time to generate decimation data End time to generate decimation data Decimation Factor Decimation number for down sampling must be an integer number The new sampling frequency of the output file will be reduced by Decimation Factor Block Size Block size for block processing also equals to the FFT size used internally for filtering Allows user to open previous settings or save current settings Start the decimation process Terminates the decimation process Table 6 2 Description of Generate Decimation Data Menu Page 51 6 3 Generate Envelope Data This option allows the users to generate the envelop signal of an input data over any user selected frequency band using the algorithm shown below If desired the resulting envelop signal can also be down sampled BAND PASS FILTER HILTER LOW PASS TRANSFORM FILTER Procedure for Generate Envelop Data l 2 vm 10 11 Click Generate Data Main menu item and select Generate Envelop Data a Generate Envelop Data menu page as shown in figure 6 3 will popup Sel
44. hen be shown on the Chosen Channels box Select the desired binary ASCII option Binary format data file can be read by PCSIGNAL Click on Start to start the extract process Merge Files Procedure l Eu e 10 Click on Utility Main Menu item and click on the Extract Merge option to bring up ExtracU Merge Menu Page Check the Merge 2 files option Select input data file 1 from Input File 1 using Browse button Select input data file 2 from Input File 2 using Browse button Select output data file from output File using Browse button Header information of the output file will be automatically created which can be view from the Header button Select the star end time from the Start Time and End Time boxes Selected channels of input file 1 to be merged in the Channels from Input File 1 box by clicking on the desired channels and click on Add gt gt button Selected channels of input file 2 to be merged in the Channels from Input File 2 box by clicking on the desired channels and click on Add gt gt button All the selected channels will then be shown on the Chosen Channels box Select the desired binary ASCII option Binary format data file can be read by PCSIGNAL Click Start to start the merge process Click OK to exit from this option An explanation of each parameter is provided in table 7 1 50 7 2 Other Dat
45. ic Add When switched on this option enables the user of PC Signal to add processed to Basket data in the Function Window be added into the Basket automatically Check Data When switched on this option adds processed data of the Function Window Existence into the Basket without checking the existence of the same result in the Basket Sound Off When chosen sound option is turned on and the signal of selected plot will be played through PC s speaker allowing user to listen to the signal See section 4 3 1 2 for more details Save the resulting plot into a bitmap file Save ASCII Save a particular plot data into file in ASCII format Coordinate Allows the user to transform coordinate from Time to RPM Tau etc Transformation and back Peak Tracking Used in conjunction with the Play button When switched on this option tracks the peak amplitude of the desired frequency and display the result in a separate window Table 4 3 Option Right Mouse Button Menu Item Description SQ Test dak Bock Sizez 1024 No el Black 1 Ew 10 00 Time bo C1000 YWirdor lype Rectengder veria Of 27 182 X313 3 252 D PM FF Ono Hicingram pml cn VI Fas Time Hizio 1 5 Db Hitagrsm xml Fae Time Heiny 41 250 41 m 27 500 T 27 i ft 13 Th iaBiBr D 90 002 13 007 2 500 5 000 7 5n 10 000 1952007 7 500 F000 7 400 10000 Bn Be ant Pian Tine History 55 000 Histogian FaH Raw Time Hato m
46. idi vince ie print Ini L Qquivalent IH ecuckion me U1 ec CR Fic 7 ula Felucklgr Fosrt Fr owners Dora speci Ange Pu eth s V ndon Tps Retours Processing Parameters Sak 70315 ne arking Hause Marker Ss indoss 20 Rarchsidts SoofAppication 1 Ro Column Setup k Special ype Furi Spertu Derka PSL zl Frequency Matching Setup Single Matching OFF E Row wise rmangment Multiple Matching C Taluma weise Prrmnigrnenr Show Statistics TE Pict E Peak k H ic Marke C Autsl singe fay Bienal rain o armonic Marker iss pa zoom Cul D Syncronized zoom k Print With Peak Label Rows Go Print With Freg Match Result eee b ixi Svncranized Marker l1xz Replot 1x3 Hu of Fam E Clear F 1x4 lt Ho of Cokan Show Basket Content ius Add to Basket single Plot 2e Add to basket AI Plots T Automatic Add Ea Basket OFF 3 Check data existence in Basket on 2x4 Sound Is OFF e Save Bitmap oat Save ASCII zum 3x3 d Coordinate Transformation k 3x4 Peak Tracking 3x5 a 4x1 4x2 4x3 4x4 4x5 5x1 ae ax3 ox4 5x5 Figure 4 21 a Option Right Mouse Button Menu b Processing Parameter Menu c Row Column Setup d Custom row column for page layout 24 Description of Menu Item in Option Button Processing The Processing Parameter menu allow user to select 1 FFT Data Block Parameters size for spectral analysis 2 Reduction Time for Waveform Reduction
47. idual Spectrum 10 5 Use of a Window Function for Spectral Analysis to Minimize Leakage An error is introduced into FFT processing that appears to leak energy from one frequency into adjacent frequencies The error occurs when a sampled waveform does not contain an integral number of cycles over the time period during which it is analyzed Windowing is practiced to reduce leakage by multiplying the time waveform by a Window Function to reduce discontinuities at the ends of the waveform Effective choice of analysis time duration and window function by a knowledgeable user can eliminate this error PC SIGNAL provides the following Window Functions for spectral analysis 69 1 Rectangular w t Z1 ford0 lt t lt T 2 Hanning w t 1 cos 2zt T for0 lt t lt T 3 Hamming w f 1 08 0 92cos 2zt T for0 lt t lt T 4 Kaiser Bessel w t 21 1 24cos 2zt T 0 244 cos Azt T 0 0035 cos 6zt T for0 lt t lt T w t 0 2810639 0 5208972 cos 2zut T 5 Flat Top for0 lt t lt T 0 1980399 cos 4zt T When a Window Function is applied an amplitude correction factor as shown in Table 10 1 must be used so that the composite RMS amplitude will maintain the same value When x t is the raw data and y t w t x t is a windowed version of x t Then S UO 9 S C W P dv S f COR Where COR fi W v dv Mean Square of w t To maintain the correct overall RMS value for both discrete or wide band spectra th
48. ing e Histogram amp Statistics Mean RMS Skewness Kurtosis Max Min Crest Factor etc e Shock Spectrum Unique Function Window design for displaying multiple process results for a given measurement simultaneously or multiple measurement with a selected processing method PC SIGNAL provides the user with a batch processing capability where many measurements can be processed with a common sequence of algorithm processing parameters and display format Under batch the program processes each selected measurement and prints the result unattended PC SIGNAL offers multiple user friendly methods to manipulate data The user can inspect the data stream simultaneously in the time domain in any or all moment format the spectral domain and the cross correlation format in either or both time and spectral based display configurations Display smoothing options allow the choice of a large number of parameters while maintaining the integrity of the original data stream PC SIGNAL provides easy visual interpretation of a user s signal analysis results The program automatically plots peaks contours and surfaces to enhance the significance of results The users can clearly present results with control over titles fonts colors scaling labels grid and plot types The results can be saved as bitmap files for future easy recall The Advanced Module includes a number of specialized diagnostic signature analysis techniques for rotary machinery diag
49. ing displayed It also allows user to listen to sound of the data being processed see next row To activate those options check the box es of these options Sound Menu Update Cancel Start Stop New One Open Menu Sets sound menu parameters Update current settings Quit Time Frequency window Start processing selected plots Stop the process Open a new window for processing Open previously saved settings save Menu Batch Menu Start Channel Save current settings Allows user to process different channels using same settings Starting channel to batch process Spectrogram Waterfall Topo or 2D Br Coherence ENS p lt End Channel Ending channel for batch processing Start batch processing Stop batch processing If checked PC Signal will print the plot If checked graph will be saved Table 5 1 Description of common Menu Items for 3D plot ioj x Plot Format Spectragram O Waterfall C3 Topo C3 30 Bi COH Signal Filter Function Channel Raw a SNo Oves Psp v 2 Acce 84 oe Mer No of Blacks is 127 Max Peak Amplitude Data Start Time 0 Data End Time 51 i SMS 7041018 Start Time o End Time 5i E Auto Min Peak Amplitude 3 81 435E 13 Q aa Mean Feak Amplitude MID Tm 5 439871 bl animum 0 Batch Menu Start Channel End Channel Black Size 4096 window Type None Overlap 5 fo Ma af PSD Avg 4 Ma of PSD Blocks 125 Color T ab
50. ion 32 Menu a End Time 40 79893 Block Size 4096 Open save Figure 6 3 Generate Envelop Data Menu Page 53 6 4 Generate Order Tracking Data Advanced Module only This option allows the users to generate the Order Tracking OT signal of an input data The Order Tracking OT method is based on a referenced key phasor signal to achieve time domain frequency normalization with respect to RPM so that the number of data point within each revolution will maintain absolute constant Procedure for Generate Envelop Data l 2 Click Generate Data Main menu item and select Generate Order Tracking Data a Generate Order Tracking Data menu page as shown in figure 6 4 will popup Select input data file from Input File using Browse button Header information of the selected file can be view from the Header button Select output data file from output File using Browse button Header information of the output file will be automatically created which can be view from the Header button Selected channels of input file to be processed in the Available Channels box by highlighting the desired channels from the input channel list and click Add To remove a channel from the output list highlight and click Remove The selected channels will then be shown on the Chosen Channels box Select the star end time for OT analysis from the Start Time and End Time boxes Select the block
51. ions in the value of the statistical measure and external events or phenomenon that he is aware of Let x n n 0 1 N 1 represent an N point sequence of real numbers Then the following statistical measures are defined for the sequence Mean x Ys 1 1 1 2 Skewness tC po xpPV RMS 1 3 Kurtosis 253 x i x RMS 1 4 Max min Max of x i Min of x i 1 5 Crest Factor Peak RMS where Peak 0 5 Max of x i Min of x i 1 6 Let and u M1 and Ck I N 2 x i m C2 VN E x i p J2 VN E x26 29x i2 M2 2u p p C32 I N x u J 1 N E x2 3ux2 0 32 x i u3 M3 3u M2 343 u3 C4 1 N x u 4 UN X x4 i 4ux3 i 6u2 x2 i 4 u3 x i u M4 4u M3 602 M2 4 u3 u u4 2 MA Au M3 6u2 M2 3 u4 s Skewness C 0 3 k Kurtosis C o 64 10 2 Discrete Fourier Transform The FFT module in PC SIGNAL produces a Discrete Fourier Transform DFT and an Imaginary Discrete Fourier Transform IDFT from a time waveform The DFT and IDFT N point sequences of complex numbers x n n 0 1 N 1 are defined as N 1 DFT XQ 7 3 xo k 0 1 N 1 2 1 i 0 N 1 IDFT x n gt X K W n 0 1 N 1 2 2 k 0 Where Wy e 07 PC SIGNAL displays the transform results in various ways as described below 10 3 Linear Spectral Analysis The mathematical basis for each spectral display uses one or more of the following s
52. ipulated block Parameter Description of Basket Menu Items Name Removes all data from the Basket Stores data the basket into a selected basket file Allows user to retrieve previous baskets Add to Plot This option will plot selected data in the last mouse clicked graph box Add All This option will plot selected data in the Function Window one line in each sub plot box ASCII File Saves the data in the Basket into an ASCII file 33 Excel File Saves the data in the Basket into an Microsoft Excel file Table 4 6 Description of Basket Menu Items Figure 4 26 Basket Window 34 4 3 2 Quick This option allows users to setup page settings quickly by setting the same processing function for multiple channels When Quick button is clicked the following window figure 4 27 appears Quick Menu Start Channel 1 End Channel 4 Signal Menu Filter Factor Function Menu Raw Mo O ves D No O ves No Ove PSD fo Menu Figure 4 27 Quick Menu Explanation of each Quick menu item is as follows Description of Menu Item in Quick Button Start Channel Starting channel number for use in Function Window setting End Channel Ending channel number for use in Function Window setting Type of signal to be used in processing data same as table 4 1 1 Filter parameters to be used in data processing same as table 4 1 1 Type of function to be used in data processing same as
53. l Analysis Parameters done T pype Hone Ho of amp pplicatian 1 Peak Frequency Locking 5 Bandwidth Moose Marker Window Spectral Type Power Spectrum Density PSD CR Flows Wise srrangment gt Column fice Arangment Histogram Plot Parameters Cz Auto A ange Manual mi E ma n M bir n 1a 03 100 017 i 0n nan Tine Sec O S3pi Dalanirni enrncHo us Fee Times Hoi 1u ud 1 Time Sec seb Ama Tine Hiig Tiina 101017 Tina B20 BR Aan Tira Hran Figure 4 6 Time History Plot when Zoomed In Another way to set processing is via Processing Menu It can be called up by clicking on the M on top right corner of a plot Figure 4 7 shows the Processing Menu Setting functions to process is similar to that of Quick Menu For this example the Function Window with four rows and two columns is used Figure 4 8 shows the 18 resulting plot of Wave Form Reduction functions One will have to click on M for each function This way multiple functions can be plot on same window Mode Setting amp Single Line Single Function C Multiple Lines Single Function Main Title Axis Title Tr Axis Title rA WIE Time History Auto Orbit EE O Manual Freg AmpjPhase Tracking immun 0 Minimum I asimum p arai E Average PSD 7 Peak Hold PSD Grid Grid pandiPeak List PSD O Yes OO envelop PSD Wave Form Reduction FFT Auto Spectrum BackGround C
54. l plot To expedite this process using PC SIGNAL the user first inputs a list of the desired frequency values with identification labels through the keyboard With this list the user can apply the Frequency Matching algorithm to every spectral analysis result and get a display of the frequencies that are present in the file being analyzed 10 3 2 Cross Spectral Analysis Power Cross Spectrum In cross spectral analysis the FFT algorithm is applied to two measurements The amplitude of Power Cross Spectrum is the product of the component complex i e real and imaginary amplitudes of the two measurements A Power Cross Spectrum is employed to evaluate the significance of components that are common correlated to both waveforms S b 5 2X OY k EU2 Power Cross Spectrum 3 7 67 Transfer Function The Transfer Function is a ratio of two spectral functions one the denominator is on the input of a device or process and the other the numerator is the output spectrum This is also called the generalized frequency response It is very useful for assessing the performance or characteristics of a device Provides clear indication of the part of an output spectrum that is directly related to the input This display is also called the Frequency Response Function FRF H k Sy k Non dimension Transfer Function or FRF 3 8 xx k Transmissibility Transmissibility is simply the inverse of the Transfer Function
55. le C3 Gray Spectrogram C3 Auto masi min Active Plots Time History Manual e Color PSD Ymas dB ag Tracking Start Stop dB Down 99 Sound Print Save Sound Menu Update Cancel Start _ Stop New One c Open Menu Save Menu Figure 5 1 Spectrogram Menu Page 42 5 1 Spectrogram This option allows a user of PC Signal to draw Spectrogram which display PSD of the chosen channel as a function of time and frequency The amplitude range of the PSD to be displayed is specified by the Ymax Ymin and is indicated by the amplitude scale color bar on the right of the page Table 5 2 explains the remaining menu item that applied to Spectrogram Figure 5 2 shows an example of Spectrogram plot Spectrogram Menu Items Either manually set the minimum and maximum values for y amplitude or automatically determined using the Auto mode Manually set the minimum and maximum values for y amplitude by specifying the Ymax in dB and Ymin dB down from Ymax af 5pectragrxm Ev B Rex Open Darei Full Page Manu Shat Sop Paus E FL SIBMAL EXAMPLE Das Figizemple dalal da Acel A Block adia Ho el Poll raag 1 z m TEON CA a MULA I We E26 70 ved 1 3B 20000 E 2000 16 000 HOO ai EAPC SIGNAL EXAMPLE Data File BSISTES xehD 74248 0 v 44 000350 THESSA Black Sized TSE Ha of Bind D B Timi Meter hpc E ER id d IT zone PA
56. lti Line Option The Function Window is capable of drawing multiple lines within sub plot s In Multiple Line Single Function mode figure 4 29 more than one type of signal will be drawn in a single sub plot box Settings are the same as in Single Line Single Function mode The user will have to determine how many lines are to be dawn in a particular sub plot box and what they will be by entering No of Lines Choosing Line 1 Line 2 etc allows the user to set each line s plot format through the same signal filter function channel menu group To confirm each line of the graph the user needs to press Update If it s not pressed the settings for that particular graph will not be updated Sets scaling for X and Y axes manually Sets linear or Logio scale graph Draws grid of graph in background if chosen Update Confirms each line setup In Single Line Single Function this option can be skipped OK Closes Menu Page In Single Line Single Function it also means confirms current line setup Discards changes Prints Menu Page image Sets background text and marker colors Type of signal to be used in processing data same as table 4 1 1 Filter parameters to be used in data processing same as table 4 1 1 Save current menu setting to a menu Open an exiting menu of the selected menu Table 4 9 M Menu Item Description of each sub plot 39 zl Function Window 9040259 dal 1 JB XJ O
57. n 25 Fight Margir n 25 kin 4 symbol Size jo nches Symbol Size 0 for Ho Symbol Plat Centermeter Top Margin Bottom Mar e p Marain n s ajos C Pixels Line Link On Off Page Margin 3 On i Off Figure 8 1 Page Setup Menu Page Description of Menu Item in Page Setup Menu Page Page Label This sets page label for each print out Color This sets background line and text colors for screen and prints plots It also sets marker on screen Same as X Axis and Y Axis setup in Function Windows Page Margin This sets page margin for print plots Symbol Size This sets symbol styles of plots Apply Click Apply to update the current page setting Click Cancel to discard any modifications Table 8 1 Description of Page Setup Menu Page 6l 9 0 Batch 9 1 Batch Menu Page Batch allows user to automate a sequence of processing tasks as a batch job Figure 9 1 shows the Menu page for setting up the batch processing Description of the batch menu items 1s listed below Menu Items Description of Batch Menu Page Batch File Name Displays the name of batch file the user is using Click Open to use a optional saved batch file Choose Save to save current settings into a file Files to be Names of files to be used in batch processing They can be added by processed clicking Add button Highlight file name and click Remove will erase the file from the batch job Save Data Y N Allow
58. ndTmegn Amir Grab lBhbck Eul Aleck Open Seting asesewa 0 noo Blocks iS Ste Pot Pig Stop Bachoed Foward Rewind TF IS0_ TestlA dal Block 5ize 585 Mo of Block 525 BW 2 50 Time 5 to TO 0000 Window Type Mone Oval OF 107172002 1 55 55 PM 7 000 ga nze Figure 4 2 Sample Function Window with 4 Rows and 1 Column In PC Signal data processing is performed in the order Signal gt Filter gt Function When setting data for processing the user will have to select Signal first Only Raw signal processing is available in the Basic Module Next set the Filter parameters by selecting Yes or No under Filter Click Menu to set the filter parameters Next select the desired function In PC Signal one can set processing functions several way One of them is via the Quick button in the Function Window Quick menu allows a user to apply the same processing function to different channels When clicked Quick Menu window appears Set parameters as shown in figure 4 3 Click OK when done Next enter 100 in Start Time box click 1 Block Click Start Plot to begin processing and plotting Resulting plot is shown in figure 4 4 16 Quick Menu start Channel li End Channel 4 Signal Menu Filter Factor Function Menu Raw 0 Mo Yes i Time History fo Menu Figure 4 3 Quick Menu with Sample Settings for Time History Plot IS
59. nostics and bearing gearbox diagnostics These analysis tools are also useful for signal enhancement fault detection and anomaly identification for diagnostic evaluation e PSEM a phase synchronized technique for RPM related Signal Transformation and Identification e CPLE M a signal enhancement technique for RPM related vibration signal e RPM Coherence a spectral type of coherence function representing the phase correlation of any vibration components w r t RPM e Nonlinear Bi amp Tri spectral coherence analysis nonlinear correlation detection and Identification e Envelop Analysis high frequency envelop analysis for amplitude demodulation e CPWBD coherent phase demodulation technique for pump cavitation detection e Order Tracking order analysis e STA SPA synchronized time phase average for gearbox vibration signal analysis A customized version of PC SIGNAL can be built for any special requirement from the PC SIGNAL module such as e Automating integrating special analysis procedures e Monitoring database amp trend analysis PC SIGNAL has been applied to e Space Shuttle Main Engine SSME post test flight diagnosis amp anomaly identification e Weapon system vibration measurement data analysis amp specification development e Helicopter drive train gearbox amp bearing diagnostics e Dynamic characterization of turbopump wind tunnel water flow test e Radar antenna servo drive train health monitorin
60. nsional plot displaying the amplitude of spectral components as a function of both time and frequency The frequency spectrum is displayed as a curve for each specified time interval where the amplitude variations are indicated by different colors Multiple such curves for different times are displayed simultaneously This display quickly shows the user key aspects of the variations in spectral relationships for both time and frequency For rotary machine data the frequencies that are closely correlated with shaft speed are very easy to see Filtering A processing technique to reduce the range of frequency components to be extracted from a time waveform with the FFT process Low pass filtering eliminates all components below the selected value High pass filtering eliminates all the components above the selected value Band pass filtering combines these two to eliminate components above and below the selected frequency band to be passed through the filter The user can filter a data set to restrict the processed data to a specific range of interest or the user can employ the output of a band pass filter to generate envelope spectra for evaluation Frequency Matching Frequency matching allows a user to evaluate a spectral component by matching its frequency to a list of characteristic frequency values that are stored in a frequency table In this technique the user has knowledge of certain frequency values that he desires to find in a given spectra
61. nter This option allows a user to select or set the default printer set the number of copies to be printed Other options such as Page Range or Layout are set automatically by PC Signal and will not have an effect on the printed copies General Layout Paper Quality Select Printer i Add Printer Canon iR C2020 2050 gf Acrobat Distiller UN ge Acrobat PDP Writer P LaserJet O00 Series Status Ready Print to file Location ammuent Number of copies 1 C Selection Pages HEELE Curent Page rea Figure 2 4 Print Setup 3 0 Signal Processing Reference Window Signal Processing allows a user to perform various signal processing of the selected data file and display the results in a number of function format Signal processing can be performed in the following 3 different Windows 1 Reference Window This option provides a time reference of the overall data file by displaying its reduced or compressed waveform or statistics so that the user can conveniently locate and select any desired time segment for detailed analysis in the Function Window 2 Function Window This processing window enables a user to process data using any of the available processing functions and display the processing result in 2D X Y format within multiple sub windows Most of the signal processing of PC SIGNAL is performed in this option 3 3D Plot Window This window allows the use
62. olor E Text Color in 1 Auto Correlation Marker Color Cross Spectrum Hammer Test PLE OT CPLE Wave POT CPLE Wave Signal Filter Factor Bo C i a Menu MonLinear Coherence PPS4 PSD Cepstrum Shack Response Spectrum Histogram Octave STA Pseudo STA TDA Special Function OK Cancel Apply Save Menu it EEE Open Menu z RMS Skewness Kurtosis MaxiMin Max Min Crest Factor Line 1 Thickness Y Color Update 1 snl sing Gw NH Figure 4 7 Processing Menu with Wave Form Reduction Function Selection 19 BU Terris dat ook Tres Hun alb zm LIBRI Eu a E HE d ayl anr Wl Age Mesa Hof Aedini Pre ZEIT Qu aon O20 i De fz S s nmi a no 50 000 5 OC 10 000 150 00g Time cec zmnle an DT Fam AMS H ol Adie Pe 230 mee ip OLU indo Type Hersi Duedec CE kU cto PH ded ie Eus ME Pares Rabe dH od Flesh Ps 2 i Bn c8 1 358 5z2 52g 1 513 5 on 50 O00 100 000 150 000 Tire tr mmi nnd Gwth Aen ban alfaduzinnFPres mi Ba n mo 120 000 ES 400 Tz 000 5 800 24 000 e 3a zD 234 DO 21 600 Tz DO 000 12000 E 0 In 5n ra 2 1D nna 150 000 BD cmo 5 nop 100 nom Trma cmc inle iKi EMI Aah Skanner Bool Redaction Pie 2000 Tara rac gd a ar a GU Ra Cra Factor H of A edicion Pie 2000 3 De D Bo 1 Been SF E De 0n 2H E ra 1
63. om Excel Frequency Hz Frequency RF Symbol Update to List E A R Start Freg H Symbol Description Absolute Frequency amp Ratio to RF RF Activate Color N2 Syne 2s Add Update Delete Figure 4 18 Frequency Table Setup 24 50 T etA dal Beck vice Hn cf Bock 625 Bef 2 5L Timerz 5D bo TBO Pind mer ppa None meg C 107122002 308 35M anit rd GWA1 Ras PSO BMSsE 37683 T137 778 17S Eb 2B244 435 34137123 Figure 4 19 Resulting Frequency Matching Plot 25 4 3 Function Window Button Group Figure 4 20 shows a typical display of the Function Window The lower portion of the Function Window displays the resulting functions of signal processing The top portion of the Window consists of a number of operation buttons which are grouped into the following 6 categories Function Window Description of Function Window Button Group aa ne emite ne To select processing parameter number of row column for plotting zoom marker basket save print etc Quick A quick way to select the same processing function format for all EE LN Open save Setting To save recall Function Window plot setting Processing Time To select the processing time frame Frame buttons group Time Moving To move processing time frame within the data file time button group M Menu Menu of each sub plot To select signal processing amp display for each individual sub plot along with its plot
64. om of the data window display CAUTION The RPM Tracking plot will not appear if the tracking fails due to an inappropriate Threshold Level value If this occurs view the time history waveform of the key phasor channel in the Function Window and then enter another Threshold Level value and repeat the processing 12 3 4 Processing Example In Reference Window Setup the RPM Tracking parameters as shown in Figure 3 3 Data file used is ISO Testl dat Click Start to begin processing Figure 3 4 shows the resulting Max Min Reduction along with the RPM profile TUNI ra gus WO eslit o o Uu z Li Pit Samasoni Renw Sara tobaka x TBAZJ OU pco 44 TD End Tire En G anita nie Go Hesi Hin Slat Time O 120 000 r 0 cz 46 657 zu mi 2 713 116667 14000 183313 iB Br zio Du Tiree jet Figure 3 4 Example of Reference Window Display 13 4 0 Signal Processing Function Window Function Window enables a user to process data using any of the available processing algorithms functions and displays the result in 2D X Y Format over multiple sub windows Most of the processing and analysis capabilities of PC SIGNAL are performed in this Function Window The software is very flexible because it is programmed to allow a user to process a measurement with one or more functions simultaneously or the user can process two or more measurements simultaneously using one or more functions for each selec
65. or this menu are listed in the following table When using the sound option in the Function Window turn the sound option on When clicking on the sub plot whose signal to be played the menu symbol M of that sub plot will turn into S to indicate the sound channel selection To switch the sound to other channel smply click on the next desired sub plot 3l Sound On Off Switches sound on or off Sound Speed Determines how fast sound will be played Apply Save Menu Save current settings Table 4 5 Description of Sound menu items O74 Gate Gain xma o Engr Unit min Jug Engr Unit Sound Speed Option fe Auto Fast 5low 3 Auto Fast Rieal time C3 Manual Speed z fi 3n Menu File a0 Selection Open Menu OF Cancel Apply save Menu Figure 4 25 Sound Setting Menu 32 4 3 13 Basket in Option Button The Basket option allows user to save processed data arrays in a basket file which can be recalled later for further processing Typical operation procedure is described below 1 To save all the plots currently being displayed in the Function Window into the Basket click Option or right mouse button and select Add to basket multiple plots All data plots shown in the Function Window will then be added and stored into a basket file unnamed yet A name for each plot line will be assigned based on its test ID Channel ID Signal Function Info for
66. pie Quick xegPTEETTUDC s 0 030268 Eter Tine 2 8 EndTime z37 App Gab 13lock Ful pea Set ing Save Eeltng a Hc x Bkckz iz 2 Slat Pict Pla i ticp Eac ward Rawie 904659 dal Bock See 204 Hc Bleck 2 Bw 5 00 Tine 22 3 lo 22 2 Window Tupa Nore Overlep 02 2 2947 X 721 36 P4 gegn PSU HPP SP NFZ Raw PSU RSA 7erstcE C2 HPFPRADBAECE pep HOP RAD 13 ACC Faw PED AMC 1a6f168 1 Derc i F 1CeLor H CA C 1 0E eA 0 Oe tl ee 3840 DEC 120 DD J Cy 23EDLELTI 334C TO a 2 000 TUBE Tro OE AARE Made Setting gt Single Line Single Function t Multiple Lines Single Function 3 Multiple Lines Multiple Function Main Tile HPFP SPD NFO Raw PSO RMS24 767315E 02 m H Y is Title gs VALE Cancel Ma of Lines 2 Line 1 Line 2 AIS Ge Auto C3 Manual Minimum fr Maximum fg Minimum fo ponam I asimum ho 1 Type Grid C3 Linear C Yes Save Menu Log No Open Menu Type Gr Linear a C2 Log C id Yes Mo Backfround Color Text Color E Marker Color d Processing Function Mo 1 m a signal Filter Factor Function Thickness Raw No C2 Yes Psp E Channel 1 HFFF SPD NFD Color o Menu Update Figure 4 29 M Menu Page of each sub plot Multi Line Option 40 5 0 3D Plot Window Parameters The 3D window under Signal Processing Main menu allows the user to display 3D Spe
67. r to display 3D Spectrogram Waterfall Topo or 3D Bi Coherence graphs 3 1 Reduction Sliding Window in Reference Window This Reference Window provides a time reference of the data file by displaying an overall picture of the entire test profile characteristic in the form of reduced statistics so that the user can conveniently locate and select any desired time segment for detailed analysis in the Function Window In this Reference Window raw data waveform 1s reduced into a readily comprehensible plot as a function of time in the form of reduced statistics Mean RMS Skewness Kurtosis or compressed waveform Max Min or RPM if a key phasor measurement is available for the selected channels Such waveform reduction is performed through a sliding Reduction Sliding Window as depicted in figure 3 1 Within each sliding Reduction Sliding Window a single reduction value two for Max Min reduction will be generated and plotted As a result an overall reduced waveform or statistics will be displayed in the Reference Window plot This option provides a convenient mean to select time for further processing in the Function Window by dragging mouse over the reduced waveform a Snapshot Time History of Original Waveform Reduction Window b Reduction Waveform RMS over the Entire ime Period of Datafile 20 xm 40 644 E 3B7 81i 253 107 671 121 555 142258 782 578 182 3x Time Bo Figure 3 1 a Reduction Sliding Window
68. raph The coordinates are displayed on top portion of the page If there exists more than one eraph the coordinates corresponds only to the current graph the mouse pointer 1s active denoted by red color M on upper right hand corner 1 3 2 Left Mouse Single Click While the mouse pointer is on a graph user can click once to find a peak nearest to the current mouse position The peak found is governed by the Peak Frequency Locking Mouse Marker Window set in the Processing Parameters 1 3 3 Left Mouse Double Click If left mouse button is double clicked when it is within a graph box a zoom window containing that graph will appear In the Zoom Window user can perform any kind of graph manipulation as if it were still in the Function Window 1 3 4 Left Mouse Pressed Drag and Release This implies to the case when left mouse button is pressed down dragged and released This action results in zooming the graph the mouse pointer is currently on If Sync Zoom is on all graphs in the Plot Window will be zoomed in To return to normal view select Zoom Out in Right Mouse Click 1 3 5 Right Mouse Button The right mouse button when used in the Function Window invokes a set of options such as printing the plots save the plot in either ASCII or bitmap file format perform frequency matching etc 2 0 File Input File Selection View Header Information and Printer Selection File Menu item allows a user
69. s user to save processed data into files with extensions basket and draw for each page Using Basket function of PC Signal can later retrieve saved data No of Pages Total number of pages of graphs to be processed Update To confirm changes to page settings click Update Previous Page To modify the previous page click Previous Page button Go to Page To jump to a particular page enter the page number to the right of the button Go to Page and click it Open Setting To retrieve saved settings click on the appropriate setting number in the drop down box and then click Open Setting Save page To save current page setting for future use choose an appropriate setting Setting number and click Save Setting Start Using the first page setting apply to the rest of the pages with identical Channel Apply setting but different channel The channel starts from the Start Channel setting with increment of 1 until reach the last page Preview Check this box to preview the pages A dialog box will appear after each page Only after user click ok will then the next page be processed Print Check this box to print Save Picture Check this box to save bitmap files of processed plots Save Data Processed data will be saved into Basket files 1f selected Save Database Processed data will be saved into the database specified in the Database Name box Table 9 1 Description of Menu Items in Ba
70. ssed data plots to be displayed and printed simultaneously with easy selection of the colors and labels for each plots from a menu e More than 50 analysis techniques available User can change analysis option on the fly through the user interface and see results instantly e Easy selection of the processing time blocks from a Reference Window display e Move the processing time block through the duration of the entire measurement e Cost effective system PC Based The user gets immediate visual feed back with graphical data plots in either two dimensional or three dimensional graphs PC SIGNAL lets a user quickly locate signal components The program provides tools to enhance the presence of components to demonstrate their presence in the data plots more prominently Several mathematical routines and filtering processes to reduce unwanted noise and other signal contamination are built in The package provides an array of spectral analysis procedures that help a user to make intelligent conclusions for many applications PC SIGNAL procedures include e Waveform Statistical Metrics e Auto and cross Spectral Analysis with Multiple window selection to minimize data leakage e Linear Correlation Coherence analysis e Transfer Function amp Phase tracking e 3D Time Frequency Waterfall amp Spectrogram e Filtering High Pass Low Pass Band Pass with easy selection of filter type and parameters graphically e Spectral Components Track
71. tch Menu Page 62 SEPC SIGNAL Rab I E x Batch Filename Open IL Seve Fie Select 3 PL LLLLHH uHaOr SST LTTE Fies bo be proces ec ICAO d Xr a Pingiam Files 2d Micrasnli Visual Studie BUE Page ilp Special Meru Using First Page setting and apply to ihe ciha pages vaih channel Rerement ni d stai hom the Start Channel Start Channel H Mo ol Pagas 1 Processing Page 1 Newt Page Pievicur Page Geto Page Im Update Page Seting iw Sena Picture under faldarcitteqgpc signal 1 with db dermp Seve Procassed Dats Into bssket undarfokdarcrtegpc signal 1th dbllemp Seve to DataBase D Using Channel Mo for assignment D Using Chane ID for ceaigrimerd DataBase Home Bicis a Hew Figure 9 1 Batch Window 9 2 Batch Processing Procedure Typical procedure for Batch processing is as follows 1 Click the Batch button a batch menu page Figure 9 1 will be shown 2 Usethe Add button to select all the data files need to batch processed Use Delete button to remove an unwanted data file from the File to be processed list 3 Specify number of pages to be batch processed in the No Of Pages box 4 To set page settings for each page go to the Function Window that pops up Set up the processing functions as if it were a regular Function Window Click Update to confirm the changes made in
72. ted measurement 4 1 Signal Function Menu group Selection of Signal Processing amp Display Format in Function Window Figure 4 1 shows the selection of signal processing along with its display function formats in the Function Window All signal processing in Function Window is based on the signal flow diagram in figure 4 1 a with its corresponding menu selection in the Signal Function Menu group in figure 4 1 b This Signal Function menu group defines the signal flow and its output display format for each sub plot Table 4 1 lists the description of the menu items in the Signal Filter Function Channel Menu group Menu Item Description of Signal Function Menu group Signal To select the type of signal processing on of the input raw signal x t Raw indicates no processing Select by using drop down box Figure 4 1c Click menu whenever it appears to set the parameters of signal menu menu number used appears to the left Filter To select the filtering and its parameters on the post processed signal y t if Yes is chosen By click menu Figure 4 1d the filter type bandpass lowpass highpass and parameters filter order and cutoff frequencies etc along with its menu number can be selected Factor To apply a scaling factor multiplier to the post filtered signal z t Function To select the type of signal function Figure 4 1e to be generated from the post amplified signal w t Th
73. the Function Window 5 To set page settings for next page click Next Page Repeat this setup until all batch processed pages is completed 6 Check Print if want to print all batch processed pages to printer 7 Check Preview if want to display all batch processed pages on screen for user preview 8 Check Save Picture to save processed data into the bitmap files 9 Check Save Data to save into the Basket files 10 Check Save to Database to save into the specified Database Filename 11 Click Start to start the batch processing Click Stop to terminate the process 63 Section 10 PC Signal Features Glossary 10 1 Time Domain Waveform Analysis Histogram A histogram 1s a means of displaying the time domain statistics of the waveform A user can examine a histogram to determine readily whether the waveform is pure noise or a mixture of sine waves 1 e periodic signals and noise and the degree of randomness of the noise Furthermore the histogram can be analyzed to obtain specific measures of randomness for a given histogram Statistics The software calculates a number of statistical measures include Mean RMS Skewness Kurtosis Max Min and Crest Factor as defined below PC SIGNAL calculates the measure that the user selects from this list and displays how it varies over the time span that the user has selected By inspecting the resulting data plot the user can frequently find a relationship between variat
74. the end time of data file Reduction Size Reduction sliding window in terms of number of data points in setting plot density Channel Available Name of each measurement channel available in the data file Channel Selected This display box shows the measurement channel s that have been selected for processing The user can select a channel for reduction by highlighting the channel name in the Channel Available list and clicking Add Highlighting and then clicking Remove will deselect the channels The Start button when clicked will commence the data reduction As a result a Reference Window plot will appear that contains graphs of reduced data of selected the selected channels The RPM Tracking window of the speed channel will also appear if selected Clicking Stop will stop the processing 3 3 RPM Tracking in Reference Window This RPM Tracking option in the Reference Window provides the user a way to display an overview RPM profile of the speed key phasor channel in a data file Figure 3 3 shows the Reference Window menu page when the RPM Tracking option is selected 11 lincoencs Window Men O xj RPM Tracking her Fiaduction Type past z Key Phasor Channel Salario Hecuckan Siak Time n Fieduchon Erd Time 270 3 snl Dats Stat Times Daa Erd Times 210 APH Tiacking From Tre O FeqDomsn Fion Becket RPh4 Tracking Tel Mo ol Pues Fievnlulnn Threshold Level F R
75. the user selected center frequency Pass Band of band The Pass Band of the band pass filter used at the center frequency pass filter Center Frequency The center frequency of the reference spectral component Start the envelope process Terminates the envelope process Table 6 5 Description of Generate PSEM Data Menu Page 56 i Data File Inl x PSEM Menu Input Filename Browse Output Filename Browse Retence Channel T Start Shop Filter Order a Frequency cut Center Frequency o Data black size Start Time MAZ End Time Doo Available Channel Selected Channel Remove Figure 6 5 Generate PSEM Data Menu Page 57 7 0 Utility Utility provide a number of utility tools to extract or merge data from ASCII or binary files or to convert data file in other format into standard PC SIGNAL Format 7 1 Extract Merge File This option allows user to extract or merge data from PC Signal data file s User can 1 Extract a sub group of channels from one data file over a portion of total time period and generate a new data file for it 2 Merge a sub group of channels from two data files over a portion of total time period and generate to a new data file for it im Extract Data Extract Input File 1 Browse Setup Input File 2 Browse Setup Output file Browse Setup Start Time C Binary EROE E Es End Time Cao ASCII Cancel Chosen Channels Channels
76. to select a data file for processing view edit the header information of the selected data file and select the default printer to print outputs 2 1 Open DataFile Input Data File Selection a PC SIGNAL File Signal Processing Generate Data Lltitities Page Setup Batch window Help Project Open Datafile Chrl 0 View Header Info Ctrl I Print Setup CEri4 5 Exit Ctrl g Figure 2 1 Input Data File Selection The first action by a user is to select the Data File to be processed Click File gt Open Datafile to select the desired data file for processing Clicking on the drop down button will display the previous selected data files The file names are sorted in the most recently used order Select on one of these file names will result in opening that data file for processing Each data file is represented by 2 different parts 2 different files in disk 1 XXXX dat Contains data points in binary format 2 XXXX menu Contains header information e g Sampling Frequency Time number of channel Channel Information etc 2 2 View Header Information Once a data file is selected the user can view the data file s header information by selecting File gt View Header Info Figure 2 2 shows an example of the Channel Information sub window that pops up after the selection ETMEEEEENTT EE xj sT I lad Ties Fire Channel Agree Chard ID Seuls nn
77. y Data File Generate Statictics File Figure 1 3 Generate Data Menu Options 4 Utility Provide a number of utility tools to extract or merge data from ASCII or binary files or to convert data file in other format into PC SIGNAL format Ti PC SIGNAL File Signal Frocessing Generate Data Ltitities Page Setup Batch Window Help C datalSO_ Test dat Extract Merge File Copy Menu Files Arrange Last File List File Conversion OISPS File Conversion T5500 File Conversion 55C Conversion CADDMAS Conversion P amp W Time Data Conversion Ctrl B ED27 Data Translation Figure 1 4 Utilities Menu Options 5 Page Setup To configure the overall page setup x y scale labels color etc for all plots displayed either on screen or in print out Also used to set line colors for the selected plot a PC SIGNAL File Signal Processing Generate Data Ulitities Page Setup Batch Window Help CAdataslSO Testl da Page Setup Color Table Figure 1 5 Page Setup Menu Options 6 Batch To automate a sequence of processing tasks as a batch job 7 Window To Rearrange multiple windows displayed on screen 8 Help To provide on line help 1 3 Mouse Button Operation in PC SIGNAL 1 3 1 Left Mouse Button In PC Signal mouse has several uses Whenever mouse moves over a graph a marker appears The crossing point of the marker can be used to determine exact coordinates of points on the g
78. ymbols in its formula For brevity symbol is defined here The symbol xj n n 0 1 N 1 i 1 2 NBj represents the i th block of an N point sequence of real numbers with a sampling frequency F s And N Data Block Size FFT Size NB total of data blocks for averaging A F N Frequency Resolution 65 10 3 1 Auto Spectral Analysis In PC SIGNAL Auto Spectral Analysis produces the following display variations of the FFT output Power Auto Spectrum The software applies the Fast Fourier Transform FFT algorithm to process time waveforms to obtain frequency component amplitudes and phases When spectral analysis is applied to a single measurement the mean square value at each frequency component is the amplitude of the resulting Power Auto Spectrum The related mathematical formula is follows S k 5 2 X k EU2 Power Auto Spectrum 3 1 Power Spectral Density PSD The PSD is a power auto spectrum that 1s normalized by its frequency resolution A PSD k L5 2 X 00 EU2 Hz Power Spectral Density PSD 3 2 NB A The PSD is the basic tool for evaluating dynamic measurements After inspecting this display a user will frequently deduce the appropriate inferences to use the information effectively Also the display is employed to verify that the raw data meets criteria for validity Auto Spectrum The Auto Spectrum is the square root of power auto spectrum Its amplitude represents the RMS Root Mean Square
79. ysis tasks No programming required to save fime Display of many data formats plots simullaneously e Health Monitoring Module provides easy and flexible database creation of processed signatures effortless recall fer trend and statistical analysis Simple interfacing to real time monitoring and acquisition on various PC DAG plalforms NI DT etc Tt l slaps riam rci bro Al Signal Research Inc Tel 256 551 0008 Fax 256 551 0090 LAN et I Leh COrTE E mail inte pesipmall aisignal com per g NASA Photo 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 10 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Modu HOM UU UU UT l Input data file selection and Header Information eeessseeeeeeeneeeeneee 6 2 1 Input Data File Selection niee E a E Dunn es Da Cans 6 ZZ View Hedder al Ul cee ene Rana a ae ES on ae MEI DA 6 2 9 Chotsc Header TE sone yen cid nnb mda Mv re CUu ba decia Dasssta on Ast uS 8 IRCIerence WV AGO Wes crete qu deus mede tata eus im s te utero de O uta 9 3 Reduction Siting Window s uscu ao Ud rece bos duree E eae tapa ium AV Dome qu QUIA 9 3 2 Iseteretice Window MN siaesocc iato toe eid etuer bot oa eode ane afe pst Eu duet 11 3 3 RPM Tracking in Reference Window eese nnne eene 11 3 4 Processing Example in Reference WmmdoW ei ertet pent In ERE edid 13 FUNCTION WV OW eases pp 14 4 1 sienal Function Menu Group acuit ioo op nba cou dae es eb

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