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S1 MK2 User`s Manual (Guide/Handbook)

1. 440 00 CVWECIMAN 10 0 5 0 20 0 Pto 30 0 2 40 0 0 0 E gt A 28 50 0 24 O 2 5 60 0 70 0 5 0 80 0 7 5 90 0 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 Time milliseconds 7 00 8 00 1 0k 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Frequency Hz For example if the pulse with 33 pulse width is modified by the Multi Mode Filter Highpass mode Q peak 7 in series with the Lowpass Filter Q peak 7 the result can be as shown in the illustration below with dominant 4th and 5th overtones The basic tone is heavily suppressed and the modified pulse signal sounds completely different than the original signal 15 5 0 OUTPUT Volts N o ps E 7 5 OSCILLATOR OUTPUT FILTERED PULSE 33 A440 0 0 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 Time milliseconds Triangle Pulse Waveform This is a waveform created by combining a triangle waveform and pulse waveform in the ratio 3 to 1 Even the waveform has a unique character theflute pipe sound of the triangle wave combines with the overtone rich pulse wave See the illustration below OSCILLATOR OUTPUT 440 75 5 0 OUTPUT Volts N N e 7 5 5 00 6 00 Time milliseconds 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15
2. 2 3 Mode 4 Omni Off Mono 33 INSIDE THE SYNTHESIZER The 51 synthesizer is an analog instrument not including the MIDI Converter of course Most parameters such as frequency amplitude resonance Q PEAK attack time decay time etc are adjustable via potentiometers on the front panel and can also be voltage controlled via respective CV inputs The main voltage regulator is equipped with a highly stable reference circuit with a stability of 20ppm deg to guarantee long term stability In addition great attention has been taken to design of the oscillators to achieve the highest possible frequency stability a carefully chosen compensation circuits has been designed by simulation tool and practically verified to achieve high stability throughout the entire temperature range In addition to the application of know how from the analogue field modern simulation tools have been used to optimize and verify the characteristics and performance of all circuits inside the 1 Since the filters are among the most dominant sound processors in an analog synthesizer great effort have been taken in their design both in regard to the form of simulation and practical listening tests with the object of being able to offer two completely different types of acoustical characteristics in the LPF and MMF Via countless testing and listening it was determined that the filte
3. 34 Triangle Wavell 35 SAWLOOLT 11 01 16 RE ER o eux cu Ye eR ERA FA Eds 35 Pulse 112 RN 36 Pulse Waveform 37 Sync Frequency Amplitude 37 mr 39 RING mcm 39 POW GSS 40 MON MOGO 44 45 Envelope 46 X 47 CERTIFICATION Cwejman certifies that this instrument was thoroughly tested and inspected and found to meet its published specifications when it was shipped from the factory WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE All Cwejman products are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship This warranty applies for 1 years from the date of delivery We will repair or replace products which prove to be defective during the warranty period provided they are returned to Cwejman LIMITATION OF WARRANTY The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by buyer unauthorized modification or misuse accident or abnormal conditions of operations No other warranty is expressed or implied Cwejman specifically disclaims the implied
4. 1111 al U mw ji IEZ 2 TT 60 0 70 0 80 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 1 0k 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Time milliseconds Frequency Hz RING MODULATOR The multiplier even popularly called the ring modulator is a very useful sound processor for the creation of sounds with non harmonic overtones and undertones such as bell and wood sounds The ring modulator multiplies the amplitude of two incoming signals This results in two sine formed signals with the difference and sum frequencies of the incoming signals For example if the incoming frequencies are 1000 Hz and 200 Hz two signals with the same amplitude are created multiplier gain 1 one at 800 Hz and the other at 1200 Hz i e the sum and difference of 1000 Hz and 200 Hz The fundamental tones are suppressed However the real ring modulators is not so perfect so that there will always be residual products and the fundamental tones cannot be completely suppressed The illustration below shows typical outputs from the ring modulator 39 2 5 UTPUT Volts o 2 5 5 0 7 5 With synchronized oscillators a signal can created with harmonic character but with the characteristic ring modulator sound In addition if one of the oscillators is used to frequency modulate the synchronized oscillator the result can be as in the illustration below RING MODULATOR INPUTS OSC2 SIN amp
5. 51 2 User s Manual Guide Handbook Table of contents Warranty 157 Limitation Before using this 0 0 0 0200 0 221 CHECKING ACCeSSOlTOS uci tes tedctoe E Environmental tsi t ec ED b v ERE Saroty SVIMDO vo nd Grounding RACK Installation of Instrument Stand Repackaging for 5 2 1 01 00000000 24111502 E m 5 ___ xcitipie Cr Master PLE d eek Qe RNG WO QU OU pies Noise Generator Outputs and Oscillators 5 LOW Fass FUN oot iode Dre ee piv Rd e Sube teca etat enacted a Multi Mode 2 2722 520100000 0 rennen rennen SizelfzMogremm
6. 4 4 09 lt lt 2 2 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time milliseconds Time milliseconds SUSTAIN CV modulated by a an external signal ADSR AMPLITUDE Time milliseconds 46 LFO s The Low Frequency Oscillator LFO can be used as modulation sources of all voltage controlled parameters such as oscillators frequency pulse width and cutoff frequency LFO s has a wide rate range of 60 seconds 0 01 Hz to 16 milliseconds 60 Hz The waveforms shapes can be modified by applying voltage control for rate speed and output level LFO can be gated by MIDI GATE s LFO s offer seven waveforms Sample Hold with 2 additional slewed shapes Triangle Saw tooth Ramp inverted sawtooth Square FO s basic waveforms are shown below TRIANGLE WAVEFORM BA Voltage 1 1 0 3 Time seconds 0 6 SQUARE WAVEFORM 0 9 Voltage V SAMPLE 4 HOLD SLEW RATE 1 0 3 0 6 SAMPLE amp HOLD SLEW RATE 2 0 9 Voltage V Time seconds SAW TOOTH WAVEFORM 0 3 0 6 0 9 Time seconds RAMP WAVEFORM Voltage V 0 6 0 9 Time seconds SAMPLE amp HOLD SL
7. gt 60 0 70 0 80 0 90 0 LOWPASS FILTER OSC1 SQR WAVE LEVEL 7 7 CVVEIMAN 2000 0 Hz 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Frequency Hz Parameters such and Level are voltage controlled which enables the filter to modify signals with modulation of frequency corner It can also create other tone characteristics with e g modulation of Q peak and LEVEL by other means of control The illustrations below show some examples LOW PASS FILTER 6 POLE 5 1 SQR WAVE in LPF FREQUENCY MODULATED by OSC1 TRIANGLE CVVQJMAN LOW PASS FILTER 6 POLE OSC1 SAW WAVE LPF FREQUENCY MODULATED by OSC1 TRIANGLE pe Ui OUTPUT Volts ce OUTPUT Volts Ui un o 3 00 7 5 4 00 5 00 6 00 Time milliseconds 7 00 8 00 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 Time milliseconds 7 00 8 00 LOW PASS FILTER 6 POLE MODE OSC1 SINUS WAVE in Q PEAK MODULATED by OSC1 TRIANGLE CVVQJMAN Ui OUTPUT Volts 3 00 4 00 5 00 7 00 8 00 6 00 Time milliseconds 43 MULTI MODE FILTER This filter has musical characteristics that differ from the Low Pass Filter It has low pass high pass
8. Time milliseconds 2 SATURATION STAGE SIGNAL STRONG SATURATION LEVEL 2 00 10 0 0 0 1 50 10 0 0 50 20 0 Z0 40 0 5 A 50 0 0 50 60 0 1 00 70 0 80 0 1 50 90 0 1 00 2 00 3 00 1 0k 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Time milliseconds Frequency Hz In the lower waveform it can be seen that distortion consists of both even and odd overtones with the second overtone as most significant Once again this brings to mind the characteristics of the electron tube amplifier with soft rising overtones strong signal and rapidly diminishing overtone spectrum The overdriven signal left portion of illustration recovers momentarily from the clipping mode the same property found in electron tube amplifiers but lacks the characteristic recovery time from clipped to linear condition found in hard coupled operation amplifiers 48
9. RED noise contains more low frequencies and can be used to create thunder or ocean like sounds LOW is a random low frequency signal that can be used as a modulation source to achieve sounds with random character OUTPUTS NOISE GENERATOR White noise red noise low frequency noise ONIO vro 5 1 OSC2 outputs 12 Low Frequency Oscillator The LFO provides a sub audio signal for modulation purposes It is used to achieve periodic modulations like sweeps vibrato effects or arpeggios RATE determines the frequency of the LFO and is indicated by the LED WAVEFORM SELECTOR provides seven different waveforms The patch section offers some more LFO functions The GATE SOURCE SELECTOR switch enables the LFO to start at a zero crossing and thus to sync the LFO to MIDI GATE 1 MIDI GATE 2 or to an external signal patched to the EXT GATE socket Additional sockets allow the modulation of RATE and LEVEL and provide the LFO OUTPUT Some interesting results can be achieved when the LFO OUTPUT is fed back to the EXT GATE input socket LFO LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR GATE2 RATE CONTROL INPUT LEVEL NEM OUTPUT RATE 60 seconds 0 016 Hz to 16 milliseconds 62 Hz Sample amp Hold random 3 speeds triangle sawtooth double rate inverted sawtooth double rate square all waveforms 5 Volts Frequency modulation input 1 Volt octave Amplitude modulation in
10. In linear mode the attenuation follows a linear relationship 1 volt increase or decrease of control voltage amplifies or attenuates 20 of the incoming signal or expressed in a simple mathematical formula gain X Volts 0 2 In the logarithmic mode attenuation X Volts 15 dB The illustration below shows what the signals look like in the two modes LINEAR MODE LOG MODE MASTER AMPLIFIER OUTPUT AMPLITUDE MODULATED BY ENVELOPE GENERATOR 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time milliseconds Performance at maximum attenuation of audio signals is shown in the illustration below MASTER AMPLIFIER ATTENAUTION RANGE Power Level 0 31 dBVrms VCA CV 5 Volts Power Level 84 91 dBVrms CV 0 Volts 0 0 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70 0 80 0 90 0 1000 110 0 90 dBV rms 45 ENVELOPE GENERATORS Both envelope generators are identical and provide control voltages that can be used to dynamic change of all voltage controlled parameters such as frequency amplitude pulse width cutoff The most common use is controlling a filters cutoff frequency and a voltage controlled amplifiers amplitude in order to achieve dynamic timbre and level changes The envelopes of the 51 internally pre patched to different modules such as Master Controller MIXER LPF and MMF and Master Amplifier All par
11. FINE TUNE 3 semitones The three MASTER CV switches disconnect the corresponding MASTER CY oscillator from the incomming pitch CV The oscillators are not tracked anymore by an e g keyboard thus allowing the creation N of sounds that are not related to a tonal scale bg lt _ All oscillators FM LEVEL controlled by knobs are calibrated 1 Volt octave be controlled by external sequencer or other CV source with calibrated 1Volt octave signal MODULATION INPUT sockets the inputs for individual MODULATION INPUTS frequency control of the three oscillators are internally pre patched to the LFO s output OSC1 s output and OSC2 s output as you can see on the labelling of these sockets The LFO s output is also pre patched to the modulation input for the master controller This allows you to individually modulate the frequency of each of oscillator and the master controller just by moving the FM LEVEL knobs in the oscillator section The same aplied to the MODULATION LEVEL knob in the MASTER CONTROLLER section The MODULATION INPUT sockets breaks these pre patched signals and allow you to redirect any other signal to frequency control of the oscillators and the master tuning The MIDI CV OUTPUTS sockets provide four different control voltages generated by the internal MIDI CV converter of the S1 corresponding to incomming MIDI data MIDI CV OUTPUTS CV1 2 CV4 The MIDI GATES
12. and MIDI THRU CV1 Fixed main tune O to 10 Volts 10 octaves CV2 Factory preset Note on Velocity 0 to 5 Volts CV3 Factory preset Control Change 05 Modulation Wheel 0 Volt 5 Volts 4 Factory preset Channel After Touch 0 to 5 Volts y l sJRe eR MASTER CV Glide amp Pitch Bend control GATE1 15 Volts active TRIGG1 15 Volts active GATE2 15 Volts active TRIGG2 15 Volts active SIRIG inverted gate short circuit active 1719 271115888 MIDI channel selector main tune 1 Volt octave ANALOG GATE envelope generator gate 1 Volt threshold INPUTS TRIGG envelope generator trigger 1 Volt threshold STRIG inverted gate short circuit active OSC1 5 2 OSC3 SCALE for sensitivity 1 Volt octave OSC1 OSC2 OSC3 RANGE RANGE selectors octave calibration MASTER SCALE general scale sensitivity calibration MASTER ANALOG CV INPUT analog control voltage calibration 1 Volt octave 5 range MAINS INLET Power cord inlet 115 230 V SELECTOR IN 8540 BALANCED 16 dBVmax 600 ohm rear panel OUTPUTS SINGLE ENDED 10 dBVmax front and rear panel MIDI INTERFACE CALIBRATION Switch for mains voltage selection CALIBRATION OSCILLATOR SCALE Oscillator 1 1 Connect MIDI keyboard to synthesizer MIDI IN 2 Set oscillator 1 and 2 to sawtooth waveform Set the LPF MIXER control knobs on oscillator 1 and 2 to position 8 and all other control knobs to position 0 Set LPF CUTOFF control kn
13. 1 off 2 on the front panel Connections is accessible from both the front and rear panels see the figures below Gate1 is accessible as an output on the rear panel in the MIDI CONVERTER OUTPUTS section Gate 1 can be complemented by the signal GATE in the ANALOG INPUTS section on the rear panel Trigg1 is accessible as an output on the rear panel in the MIDI CONVERTER OUTPUTS section TRIGG1 can be complemented by the signal TRIGG in the ANALOG INPUTS section on the rear panel Gate2 Trigg2 Function Gate2 and Trigg2 follow Note On messages on the selected MIDI channel 1 This is useful for example when using the selected MIDI channel for melodies and main rhythm patterns and the selected MIDI channel 1 for added rhythm patterns When a Note On message on MIDI channel 1 is received the corresponding Gate2 goes actively high and Trigg2 produces a short pulse When the corresponding Note Off message comes Gate2 goes actively low The notes with numbers lower than 24 are ignored by default but can be reprogrammed to provide a total register of 10 octaves If several Note On messages are received in sequence Gate2 is held actively high the entire time and a new Trigg2 pulse is generated Five simultaneous Note On messages can be stored in the memory Gate2 can control Envelope Generator 2 via MASTER CONTROLLER selector switch GATE 2 1 off 2 on the front panel Gate 2 can also control LFO Sync via a switch in the LFO Gate1 Gate2
14. LFO switch selects the triangle waveform of OSC1 or the LFO as modulation source AUDIO In the patch section of the MMF you ll find the HI Z INPUT which is an additional and patchable input It is internally prepatched to the WHITE NOISE This level is adjustable in the MMF MIXER section OUTPUT socket allows the filtered audio signal be coupled to any input It s destinated to the audio input of the AMP section FILTER MIX CV Here you ll find patchable modulation inputs for the MMF CUTOFF can be used to provide other signals than the triangle waveform of OSC1 or the LFO to which it is internally routed see above as a modulation source for the cutoff frequency Use the OSC1 LFO knob to adjust the modulation intensity LEVEL can be used for gain control respective to the amplitude modulation output signal of the MMF Q PEAK enables the resonance to be voltage controlled Again using audio signals can provide interesting results 18 MMF 16Hz 16 2 MODE 2 4 6 3 2 17 0 0 Q PEAK 79 LFO 0 T OSC1 LFO AUDIO eMe HI Z INPUT OUTPUT CV OSC1 LFO O Q Q CUTOFF LEVEL Q PEAK CUTOFF Frequency corner 16Hz to 16kHz Q PEAK Flat to self oscillation POLES 2 4 6 poles 12 24 36 dB oct low pass and high pass mode 2 4 6 poles 6 12 18 dB oct band pass mode Envelope Generator 1 0 to 10 octaves
15. OPERE Envelope Generator 2 0 to 10 octaves Oscillator 1 triangle LFO 0 to 5 octaves High Z 4 Mohm input impedance zem uU 1 Volt input for gain 0 dB Filter output Frequency modulation input 1 Volt octave Prelpatched to Oscillator triangle Amplitude modulation input 0 dB gain 5 Volts CV CV Q PEAK Resonance flat to self oscillation 4 to 5 Volts CV 19 Envelope Generators The envelope generators provide control voltages CV s that can be used to dynamicy change of parameters such as frequency amplitude pulse width cutoff The most common use is in connection with a filter and a voltage controlled amplifier in order to achieve dynamic timbre and level changes Thus the envelopes of the S1 are internally connected to the oscillators filters and the amp but can be routed elsewhere via the patch panel Both envelope generators are identical ATTACK TIME Time needed to reach the envelopes full level after a key is pressed or the EG is started otherwise DECAY TIME Time needed to fall down from the full level to the sustain level SUSTAIN LEVEL Level that is held as long as a key is pressed RELEASE TIME Time needed to fall down to zero level after key is released or other note off command has been received GATE DELAY TIME Delay time between note on command and start of the attack phase ENVELOPE OUTPUTS Provides the control voltages of the envelope and the inverted voltage CV INPUTS exter
16. THE VOLTAGE SELECTOR POSITION ON THE REAR AUDIO Connect the INSTRUMENT OUTPUT of the S1 to your audio system Use a single ended or balanced output cable depending on what your audio system has to offer For best audio performance use the balanced output Please refer to your audio systems instruction for reference MIDI If you want to play the 51 via MIDI connect S1 s MIDI IN to the MIDI OUT of your MIDI controller Select the corresponding MIDI channels on both the S1 and your MIDI controller All MIDI functions of the S1 are explained in detail later in this manual Please also refer to the instructions of your MIDI system controller CV GATE If you want to play CV GATE equipped devices please use the ANALOGUE INPUTS on the 51 rear panel Connect S1 s CV IN to the CV OUT 1 Volt octave of your analogue sequencer or keyboard and connect the GATE and or Trigger or S Trigger to the appropriate output of your analog controlling device MIDI IN and programming MIDI OUT only program verification and MIDI THRU CV1 Fixed main pitch O to 10 Volts 10 octaves CV2 Factory preset Note on Velocity 0 to 5 Volts CV3 Factory preset Control Change 05 Modulation Wheel 0 Volt 5 Volts CV4 Factory preset Channel After Touch 0 to 5 Volts 00120 MASTER CV 1 incl all controllers in the Master Controller GATE1 15 Volts active MIDI INTERFACE TRIGG1 15 Volts active GATE2 15 Volts active TRIGG2 15 Volts a
17. Time milliseconds Frequency Hz Pulse Waveform The pulse wave is another classic waveform with variable pulse width and contains very strong overtones Unlike the sawtooth wave the overtone content of the pulse wave can be altered by changing pulse width For example a symmetrical pulse contains only odd overtones 3 5 7 See the illustration below OSCILLATOR a ll ni A440 15 440 00 CVWeEIMAN 10 0 5 0 20 0 30 0 o 2 40 0 p 0 0 E gt m 50 0 gt O 2 5 60 0 70 0 5 0 80 0 7 5 90 0 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 1 0k 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Time milliseconds Frequency Hz A pulse wave with 26 or 74 pulse width contains the following overtones 2 3 5 6 7 9 10 11 See the illustration below OSCILLATOR OUTPUT FILTERED PULSE 26 A440 15 0 0 9 0 OUTPUT Volts c dBV rms 11011111 M A A AL ALIA TM 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Frequency Hz na m o 7 5 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 Time milliseconds 7 0k A pulse wave with 33 or 67 pulse width contains the following overtones 2 4 5 7 8 11 See the illustration below OSCILLATOR OUTPUT PULSE 33 A440 1 5 0 0
18. amp TRIGGERS sockets provide the gate and trigger signals that are internally connected sent to the envelope generators Gate and trigger signals generated by the internal MIDI CONVERTER are pre patched to these inputs and can be overriden by inserting patch cords MIDI GATES amp TRIGGERS AN TRIGG 2 TRIGG The three corresponding TRIGG amp GATE switches determinate the activating of the envelope generators to received MIDI messages and or trigger gate signals selected MIDI channel 1 or selected MIDI channel 1 2 The first left switch selects the trigger signal starting ENVELOPE GENERATOR 1 and the third switch does the same for ENVELOPE GENERATOR 2 They choose between trigger signals generated from note on massages at MIDI channel 1 or MIDI channel 1 2 no trigger in the middle position The second switch selects the MIDI channel for activating of the ENVELOPE GENERATOR 2 selected MIDI channel 1 or selected MIDI channel 1 2 TRIGG GATE TRIGG 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 RN The MASTER CV TRACKING knobs control the cutoff frequency tracking and allow you to set the filters to track the master pitch CV from 096 to 20096 you can e g make higher notes sound brighter than lower notes from no effect thru calibrated 1 Volt octave 1 1 to extreme 2 Volt octave 2 1 Additionally each filter has the individual CUTOFF MODULATION switch that allows CV3 Modulation Wheel or CV4 Aftertou
19. can result in drastic sonic changes of the filtered audio material In the following you will find a brief description of a filter in general more detailed and technical information can be found on page 38 of this manual We distinguish between different TYPES of filters low pass high pass band pass and notch Low pass filter cuts off high frequencies and let low frequencies pass High pass filter cuts off low frequencies and let high frequencies pass Band pass filter cuts off high and low frequencies and let a more or less broad frequency bandpass A band pass filter is a low pass and a high pass fliter in series Notch filters do the opposite and cuts out a more or less broad frequency band out of the frequency range A notch filter is a low pass and a high pass in parallel Low pass filters are the most common used for musicial applications and you ll find two in the S1 To gain most extensive sonic capabilities the S1 is also equipped with a multi mode filter that can work as low high and band pass see page 42 Next to the filter type the slope or NUMBER OF POLES defines the characteristics of a filter The slope defines how steep the filter cuts off the attenuated frequency range It is measured in dB octave and one pole is equivalent to 6dB octave That means that the most common 4 pole low pass filter cuts high frequencies with an attenuation of 24dB octave and more efficient 6 pole filter cuts 36dB octave The
20. kit 2 stands right left that are attached to the sides of the instrument by 4 M5 screws same screws as for rack installation Repackaging for Shipment The following is a general guide for repackaging for shipment NOTE If the instrument is to be shipped to Cwejman Sound for service or repair attach a tag to the instrument identifying the owner and indicating the service or repair to be carried out include the serial number Place the instrument in its original container if available If the original container is not available wrap the instrument in heavy paper or plastic before placing in an inner container Use plenty of packing material around all sides of the instrument and protect panel faces with cardboard strips Place the instrument and inner container in a heavy carton or wooden box and seal with strong tape or metal bands Mark the shipping container DELICATE INSTRUMENT or FRAGILE Warm up time After start up the unit requires 5 to 10 minutes to allow circuits to stabilise Specification The following is an account of the entire unit and the technical performance of each individual module In addition there is a more detailed description of the characteristics of the unit s functions including descriptions of the modules measurements of waveforms spectrum analysis frequency response etc WEIGHT 5 kg 440mm L 215mm H 70mm D DIMENSIONS _ 115 230 10 20 Introduction The 51 is a semi modula
21. octave Oscillator 2 and 3 Repeat the procedure as for Oscillator 1 using one of the other oscillators as reference MASTER SCALE This procedure tunes the entire instrument The object is to calibrate CV1 and MASTER CV rear panel for 1 Volt octave If the oscillators correspond internally over 4 5 octaves any one of them may be used for a reference tone otherwise an external source must be used Perform the calibration using the MASTER SCALE trim potentiometer MASTER ANALOG CV An external analog control voltage from e g an analog synthesizer or other instrument with an analog control voltage output can control the instrument Perform the calibration using the MASTER ANALOG trim potentiometer on the rear panel NOTE All the trim potentiometers have limited trim ranges about 5 Therefore the source of external control voltage must not deviate by more than 2 3 from 1 Volt octave CALIBRATION MASTER OSC3 OSC2 05 1 SCALE ONE tae RANGE SCALE RANGE SCALE RANGE SCALE 25 MIDI interface is a so called MIDI to 4 Gate Trigger that converts MIDI messages to analog control voltages CV and Gate Trigger Gate Trigg control voltages There are six CV channels CV1 CV6 and two Gate Trigg ports Gate1 Trigg1 and Gate2 Trigg2 All the functions that an external Control Voltage Input normally marked controlled via MIDI control voltages CV1 CV4 The M
22. sec tion Trigg2 is used to control Envelope Generator 1 or Envelope via MASTER CONTROLLER selector switches TRIGG 1 1 off 2 and TRIGG 2 1 off 2 on the front panel Connections Gate2 is accessible as an output on the rear panel in the MIDI CONVERTER OUTPUTS section Trigg2 is accessible as an output on the rear panel in the MIDI CONVERTER OUTPUTS section The following two drawings show the MIDI GATES amp TRIGGERS at the bottom left of the front panel and the MIDI CONVERTER OUTPUTS on the rear panel MIDI CV OUTPUTS CV1 CV2 CV3 CV4 MIDI GATES amp TRIGGERS GATEQRITRIGG 712 2 9 outputs and pre patched Envelope Generators Gate Trigg inputs at bottom left on Front Panel ANALOGUE MIDI CONVERTER INPUTS OUTPUTS O 1 CV2 MASTER GATE1 GATE2 O TRIGG STRIG STRIG TRIGG1 TRIGG2 Rear Panel MIDI Converter outputs 27 CV2 Function 2 is preprogrammed for Note On Velocity but can be reprogrammed see the following section Functions for CV Outputs CV2 is pre patched for amplitude control but can be de selected by a switch under the AMP CV section Default sensitivity is 100 but can be altered see CV Gate Trig Configuration below Connections 2 is accessible from both the front and rear panels see the figures above CV2 can also be substituted by an external control voltage via an input on the front panel under AMP CV section CV3 Function CV3 is preprogrammed for C
23. to Envelope Generator 1 output gain 1 Sum of input 1 and input 2 patched to eS Oscillator 1 PWM input Inverted sum of Input 1 and Input 2 patched to Oscillator 2 PWM input S OUTPUT 11 Ring Modulator A ring modulator is a classic audio effect device and due to the non harmonic character of the output signal very useful to create metallic timbres such as bells sweeping whistles and percussive sounds and tremolo effects modulated by low periodic signal like a LFO Two input signals are needed and pre patched to OSC 2 and 3 sine wave outputs Using the EXT INPUT sockets any other signal internal or external signal source can be routed directly into the ring modulator The AM input enables amplitude modulation effects see Mixer The output signal of the ring modulator is routed internally into audio mixer of the Low Pass Filter and Multi Mode Filter The OUTPUT socket provide the ring modulator signal for other applications RING MODULATOR EXT INPUTS LEVEL Inputs pre patched to Oscillator 2 Sine Waveform and Oscillator 3 sine EXT INPUTS OUTPUT Multiplier output LEVEL Amplitude modulation 0 dB gain 5 Volts Noise Generator and Oscillators Outputs Low frequency oscillator In addition to the internal routing these output sockets provide the oscillator signals and three sorts of noise WHITE noise has a balanced level of all frequencies and can be used to create wind sounds
24. 00 8 00 Time milliseconds Time milliseconds A simple yet acoustically interesting synchronized waveform that can be used as a template for creating Bass lead sounds is shown in the illustration below OSCILLATOR1 PULSE PW 5 OSCILLATOR2 PULSE PW 95 SYNC A440 7 5 CVVQJMAN 5 0 N e o OUTPUT Volts Po 7 5 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 Time milliseconds It is possible to create many useful Bass leads with varying timbre and character by simply varying the pulse width of the oscillators and increasing the frequency of the synchronized oscillator Oscillator2 above the frequency of Oscillator1 and for example filter sweeping The sound will have more depth and life for example if Oscillator2 is regulated as FM with a little envelope or LFO Another example of what the oscillators can produce is noise By frequency modulating the oscillators in a ring Osc1 to Osc2 to Osc3 to Osc1 noisy signals can be created See the illustration below RING FREQUENCY MODULATION OSCILLATOR1 SINUS out C5 C2 0 0 CVVQJMLAN CVVQJMAN 10 0 DII THU 2 50 0 OUTPUT Volts 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 1 0k 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Time milliseconds Frequency Hz 38 Even though these wavefo
25. 00 900 160 1 6 20 5 95 PULSE WIDTH 40 5 60 30 20 1077 90 0 10 OVERDRIVE 4 5 6 3 7 2 8 7 9 0 10 OUTPUT LEVEL OSCILLATOR 3 1 NV AMPL MODULATION 0 50 5 95 PULSE WIDTH 40 50 60 30 l 20 80 10 7 N 90 5 95 PULSE WIDTH LOW FREQUENCY LFO OSCILLATOR ii 5 4 6 2 a 7 3 f J d 4 4 l 5 NS d 10 0 10 OE HITHO ENVELOPE MIX RING MODULATOR LINEAR e Lo 1 a 94 9 2 2 NY 3 22 2 2 3 3 GLIDE TRANSPOSE FINE TUNE ENVELOPE LPF CUTOFF MMF CUTOFF TRIGG GATE TRIGG 6 1 1 1 A 2 Om MODULATION INPUTS 0 0 MASTER CV TRACKING osci osc2 MIDI CV OUTPUTS CUTOFF MODULATION EXT TRIGG 10 2 2 PWM i NOISE osc s OSC3 MASTER es e 24 eva S INPUT2 EXT WHITE U C INPUT1 OUTPUT OUTPUT Cv3 2 1 2 RED osc2 GATE LEVEL EXT GATE uuu CUTOFF LEVEL CUTOFF LEVEL DECAY RELEASE LEVEL DECAY RELEASE LEVEL EXT VELOCITY You can also use this setting as an initial reset patch to where you can go back to as a starting point for new sounds As soon you press a key on your keyboard or start your sequencer you should hear the sound of a simple bass lead You may also copy the picture on next page and fill in you
26. 0k 17 0k 19 0k Frequency Hz 440 00 CWEJMAN 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70 0 80 0 90 0 Y 1 0k 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Frequency Hz Sync Frequency and Amplitude Modulation The oscillators can be synchronized except for oscillator1 and also frequency and amplitude modulated by each other so that the basic waveforms sine triangle sawtooth pulse can be modified in a multitude of ways This is a very useful method in the creation of many fundamental waveforms with completely different character for further modification Some examples are shown in the illustration below 7 5 5 0 N OUTPUT Volts m 5 0 7 5 OSCILLATOR2 SINUS out FM OSC1 SIN SYNC CVWQJMAN Time 37 OUTPUT Volts 7 5 5 0 N 5 0 7 5 OSCILLATOR2 PULSE out FM OSC1 SIN CVWEIMAN 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 Time milliseconds OSCILLATOR2 FM OSC1 SAW SYNC 05 1 8 5 2 SAW out OSCILLATOR2 SINUS out FM AM OSC1 SAW SYNC en N E o OUTPUT Volts OUTPUT Volts N 7 5 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7
27. 1 LFO AUDIO HI Z INPUT OUTPUT CV OSC1 LFO CUTOFF O LEVEL POLES Frequency corner 16 Hz to 16 kHz Flat to self oscillation 4 6 poles 24 36 dB octave and additional BAND PASS mode CM CUTOFF Envelope Generator E 0 to 10 octaves Envelope Generator 2 0 to 10 octave MODULATION i Oscillator 1 triangle LFO 0 to 5 octaves AUDIO High Z 4 Mohm input impedance 1 Volt for gain 0 dB Filter output Frequency modulation input 1 Volt octave pre patched to Oscillator 1 triangle CV LEVEL Amplitude modulation input 0 dB gain 5 Volts CV Resonance flat to self oscillation 4 to 5 Volts CV 17 MULTI MODE FILTER The MMF is the most flexible filter found in any monophonic synthesizer The whole circuit solution of the filter is an analogue state of the art and results in remarkable qualities such as Wide frequency range from 5 Hz to 25 kHz Vital parameters such as CUTOFF Q PEAK and LEVEL output Selectable 2 4 and 6 poles Low high band pass mode Very clean sound even in self oscillation mode Ideal as effect filter with external sound material Clean yet warm and smooth sound Low noise The Multi Mode Filter with a wide range of controllable parameters is especially useful as a tool t
28. 2 2 2 89 89 89 5 5 5 2 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 0 0 001 0 002 0 003 0 0 001 0 002 0 003 0 0 001 0 002 0 003 Time seconds Time seconds Time seconds The filtering in band pass mode cutoff frequency is equal oscillators frequency square waveform is presented below Observe the difference in filtering effect with 2 4 and 6 poles the square signal has been filtered to an all most pure sinus signal with 6 pole band pass filter Band pass mode 2 pole Q PEAK 4 Band pass mode 4 pole 4 Band pass mode 6 pole Q PEAK 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 89 89 89 2 5 5 2 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 0 0 001 0 002 0 003 0 0 001 0 002 0 003 0 0 001 0 002 0 003 Time seconds Time seconds Time seconds The frequency sweep of the MMF filter in oscillating mode is shown in the illustration below MULTI MODE FILTER 6 POLE MODE SELF OSCILLATION MODE MODULATED by LFO SAW CWeEJMAN MR m 1 OUTPUT Volts 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time milliseconds 44 MASTER AMPLIFIER Attenuation in the voltage controlled amplifier VCA is controlled by Envelope Generator 1 and 2 via the panning mixer ENVELOPE MIX and the VELOCITY CONTROL CV2 There are two attenuation control modes Linear and logarithmic Log
29. CILLATORS The Oscillators OSC1 3 are the main sound sources of the instrument They are identical except to their pre patched frequency modulation sources and the fact that OSC1 can be switched to LFO mode Oscillators are equipped with seven waveforms sync and different frequency and pulse width modulation routes Given that the oscillators offer a great flexibility in wave shaping process The oscillator s frequency is controlled by RANGE TUNE MASTER CONTROLLER and FM LEVEL RANGE determines the octave range of the oscillators within six octaves respective to the coarse tuning of OSC1 in LFO mode TUNE finetunes the oscillators 6 semitones FM LEVEL determinates the intensity of frequency modulation Frequency modulation for oscillators has different modulation sources see table on the page 10 for a maximal modulation flexibility Frequency modulation by an audio signal creates so called side bands that consist of sum and difference of signals frequencies These additional frequencies do mostly have a non harmonic sound Modulation by low periodic waveforms such as LFO or envelope generator creates momentary pitch shift of modulated oscillator common named vibrato by LFO or pitch bend by envelope generator More interesting things happen as soon as both frequencies are in the audio range The fast modulation of the frequency creates so called side bands that consist of sum and difference of signals frequencies These ad
30. EW RATE 3 Voltage V Voltage V Voltage 0 0 3 0 6 Time seconds 47 0 3 Time seconds 0 6 0 9 0 0 3 0 6 0 9 Time seconds OVERDRIVE The Output Mixer combines two signals a clean signal from the Master Amplifier and a saturated signal from a saturation stage The saturation stage is overdriven successively with the knob from clean to full saturated signal This gradually produces increasing distortion soft clipping and with hard overdriving successively changes the operating point as in a triode to cause increasingly unsymmetrical clipping This unsymmetrical clipping results in the retention of more so called musical material that would otherwise be lost in symmetrical clipping The illustration below shows the output signal and distortion just below the clipping limit and the clipped output signal and accompanying distortion components SATURATION STAGE SIGNAL UNDER SATURATION LEVEL 2 00 10 0 1 50 0 50 o i 9 0 00 gt 40 0 0 50 1 00 1 50 90 0 1 00 2 00 3 00 1 0k 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Time milliseconds Frequency Hz SATURATION STAGE SIGNAL LIGHT SATURATION LEVEL 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k
31. IDI interface is preconfigured for certain functions see description below but can be re configurated by first programming the MIDI message that is to control the CV output and then routing the CV output to the module to be controlled For example CV2 can be configured to be controlled by a foot controller instead of Note On Velocity which is the factory preset configuration Or CV4 can be programmed to accentuate a filter at a certain keystroke so called accent function instead of the preset configuration which is Channel After Touch See CV Gate Trigg Configuration below MIDI channels are selected by the MIDI CHANNEL switch on the Rear Panel This switch sets the address in binary form MIDI channel 1 all pins down 0000 MIDI channel 16 all pins up 1111 Mug CHANNEL ua gu ME WM CARES MNA 1 6 AAA MIDI channel switch code pattern Startup After startup of the instrument all CV outputs are at 0 Volt and Gate Trigg outputs are actively low OVolt MIDI mode is Mono On Omni off CV1 Gate1 Trigg1 Function CV1 is used to control the Main Tune and is permanently programmed for MIDI Note On Off messages When a Note On message is received a corresponding control voltage is sent to the CV1 output Gate 1 goes actively high and Trigg 1 generates a short pulse When a corresponding Note Off message is received G
32. LOG ENVELOPE MODE POWER AUDIO LPF EXT INPUT EXT VELOCITY AUDIO Mix control for Lowpass Filter and FILTER MIX Multi Mode Filter audio output Overdrive control from clean to full saturated OVERDRIVE audio signal output Audio input pre patched to Lowpass Filter output 18 9 01211 40 Instruments audio output 1 Envelope2 panning mixer 2117 for amplifiers amplitude modulation Linear mode gain 0 dB 5 Volts CV 20 Volt A 0 455110 5158 log mode gain OdB 5 Volts CV 15 dB Volt MS 4257 61611894 Velocity control pre patched to CV2 22 REAR PANEL di 209141 991 1 91415 VAD 91315 99141 OL GALIANNOD 38 t e t 9 9 Q tsnnsoionanos oniannowe NOILNVD s zaivo 5 divo 4120HS 21419313 OL 01 2 100 AASR IGIN IAIN 37735 37735 37735 9 31 95 1250 2250 2250 M3ISVW NOILVH8ITVO YAZISAHLNAS ANDO IVNV NV INGOW IWNAS CHIN LS gt VA 02 2 09 04 062 811 0123 13S A 062 811 3 19NIS 104100 LNAWNYLSNI 23 MIDI and programming MIDI OUT only program verification
33. Note Off Velocity for notes that are released The CV Range parameter determines sensitivity between 0 200 6 Channel Aftertouch If the CV Function parameter is set to 126 the CV output produces a value corresponding to Channel Aftertouch The CV Range parameter determines sensitivity between 0 200 7 Unused If the CV Function parameter is to 120 122 127 the CV output is blocked and will not react to any messages The CV output is set to a constant OV See Table 1 for further details CV Output 6 is always Pitch Wheel Out and it is not possible to use it for anything else Pitch Wheel Range can be set either by changing the parameter as described below or by RPN message Pitch Bend Range 0 0000 Setting Parameters Parameters for the CV outputs are set by NRPN messages as follows nitialize the NRPN Coarse part to 0 Select the parameter by the NRPN Fine part See Table 1 for details Send Data Entry Coarse message with the required value Since parameters are always between 0 127 the Data Entry Fine message is not needed The NRPN Coarse and Fine values will be retained until another NRPN or RPN message is received or until the S1 is turned off Note When done with parameter changes NRPN Coarse and Fine should be set to Ox7f NRPN RPN zero value This is to avoid changing the parameters unintentionally Example 1 The CV2 Function is programmed for Note On Velocity as default To change this to re
34. OLE MODE 6 POLE MODE 0 0 CVVOJMAN 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 dBV rms 60 0 70 0 1 0k 3 0K 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Frequency Hz Q peak affects the amplitude of the corner frequency from flat to self oscillation The illustrations below show the output signals with variable Q peak the frequency response for varying Q peak and a swept filter in self oscillation mode LOW PASS FILTER 6 POLE VARIABLE Q PEAK LOW PASS FILTER 6 POLE MODE VARIABLE Q PEAK Q PEAK 0 Q PEAK 4 Q PEAK 4 Q PEAK 8 7 5 5 0 E o E 0 0 n 2 92 5 Fal o 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 Time milliseconds Time milliseconds LOW PASS FILTER FREQUENCY RESPONSE VARIABLE Q PEAK 0 5 8 o E 2 100 0 30 50170 100 200 300 500 1 0k 2 0k 5 0k 10 0k Frequency Hz 41 LOWPASS FILTER 6 POLE MODE SELF OSCILLATION MODE MODULATED by LFO SAW DES 5 0 po OUTPUT Volts Ive 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time milliseconds LPF is characterized by a no
35. OSC3 SIN RING MODULATOR INPUTS OSC2 SAW amp OSC3 SQR 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 Time milliseconds RING MODULATOR INPUTS OSC2 SIN amp OSC3 SIN 75 OSC3 SYNC ED and FREQUENCY MODULATED by OSC2 Time milliseconds QUTPUT Volts 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 Time milliseconds LOW PASS FILTER The sound processor with greatest effect is the Low Pass Filter and every synthesizer has at least one as the foremost tool for sound modification 8 00 The Low Pass Filter is 6 pole construction reason for this is as follows the slope of the filter must be as steep as possible to provide the greatest filter effect However since it is obviously not always desirable to use a filter with a steep slope the LPF is equipped with a switch that enables selection of either 6 pole or 4 pole operation The illustration below shows the LPF frequency response for both modes LOW PASS FILTER Q PEAK 0 4 POLE MODE 6 POLE MODE 110 0 30 50 70 100 200 300 500 1 0k Frequency Hz 40 5 0k The illustration below shows the suppression of square wave overtones in the LPF LOW PASS FILTER SQR WAVE IN 4 P
36. PE GENERATOR 1 switch inverts the control voltage of envelope generator 1 CM 2 adjusts the corner frequency modulation intensity by ENVELOPE GENERATOR 2 ENVELOPE GENERATOR 2 switch inverts the control voltage of envelope generator 2 OSC1 LFO adjusts the corner frequency modulation intensity by the triangle waveform of OSC1 respective to the LFO Maximum sweep reaching over 5 octaves 5 1 LFO switch selects the triangle waveform of OSC1 or the LFO as modulation source AUDIO In the patch section of the LPF you ll find the HI Z INPUT which is an additional and patchable input It is internally pre patched to the audio output of the Multi Mode Filter This level is adjustable in the LPF MIXER section as described above OUTPUT socket allows the filtered audio signal be coupled to any input It s destinated to the audio input of the AMP section FILTER MIX CV Here you ll find patchable modulation inputs for the LPF CUTOFF can be used to provide other signals than the triangle waveform of OSC1 or the LFO to which it is internally routed see above as a modulation source for the cutoff frequency Use the OSC1 LFO knob to adjust the modulation intensity LEVEL can be used for gain control respectively amplitude modulation of the LPF output signal Q PEAK enables the resonance to be voltage controlled Again using audio signals for cv duty can provide interesting results 16 397179576153 POLE 0 OSC
37. TH TRIANGLE FREQUENCY MODULATION 5 LEVEL pre patched to 50 A SAW OSCILLATOR 1 40 60 gt PULSE PULSE 3 80 OSCILLATOR 3 SYNC to OSCILLATOR 2 lt N 6 6 5 95 PULSE WIDTH FREQUENCY MODULATION 40 50 60 30 210 80 790 LEVEL pre patched to OSCILLATOR 2 8 PULSE WIDTH OSCILLATOR 2 3 OCTAVE SELECTOR AUDIO MODE RANGE C2 32 7 Hz to C8 2093 Hz OSCILLATOR 1 RANGE C2 to 6 C8 in 1 octave steps ipsi 8 seconds to 120 milliseconds 6 semitones me eS 5 95 Wavef Sine Triangle Saw Saw Triangle Triangle Pulse Saw Pulse Pulse 5 Volts OSCILLATOR 2 RANGE 0 C2 to 6 C8 in 1 octave steps TUNE 6 semitones 5 to 95 Sine Triangle Saw Saw Triangle Triangle Pulse Saw Pulse Pulse 5 Volts SYNC Hard synchronized to Oscillator 1 OSCILLATOR 3 RANGE 0 C2 to 6 C8 in 1 octave steps 6 semitones PULSE WIDTH 5 to 95 Sine Triangle Saw Saw Triangle Triangle Pulse Saw Pulse Pulse 5 Volts SYNC Hard synchronized to Oscillator 2 Waveforms Waveforms OSCILLATORS CV INPUTS These input sockets provide the use of external signals for amplitude AM and pulse width modulation PWM The LEVEL inputs provide amplitude modulation Modulation of oscillator s level amplitude can be provided by any low frequency or audio signal such as LFO Envelope Generators Oscillat
38. UTS Master Amplifier The envelope generators provide control voltages that can be used to dynamically change timbres This section provides the output stage of the S1 The internally routed audio signals are summed amplified and sent to the instrument s outputs FILTER MIX adjusts the mix ratio between LPF and MMF outputs in any proportion OVERDRIVE makes the S1 sound nasty and grungy OUTPUT LEVEL controls the overall signal level sent to your audio system AMPL MODULATION The level of the sound can be dynamically controlled by the envelope generators ENVELOPE MIX adjusts the mixing ratio between both envelopes in any proportion ENVELOPE MODE switch determines how much the signal is attenuated over time Logarithmic mode log is very useful for extremely percussive sounds The patch section provides AUDIO EXT INPUT can be used to process external audio material in the S1 amp section It is prepatched to the LPF output Its level can be adjusted by the FILTER MIX knob OUTPUT provides a master audio output in addition to the one on the backside CV ON OFF switch makes the S1 amp velocity sensitive since it is pre patched to CV2 MIDI velocity Using the EXT VELOCITY socket any other signal can be used to control the velocity 21 292911575 FILTER MIX 0 OUTPUT LEVEL AMPL MODULATION alu 50 50 7 22 2 47 4 miT SV ENVELOPE MIX LINEAR
39. act instead to the Foot Controller 04 do the following Send an NRPN Coarse 99 message with value 0 Send NRPN Fine 98 message with value 03 to select the CV2 Function parameter Send Data Entry Coarse 06 message with value 04 to set the new function 30 2 The CV2 Output Range is to 32 as default To change this to 64 for 200 range instead do the following Presume that the instrument has not received any other messages and has not been turned off since the last parameter change The NRPN Coarse message need not be set since it will retain its last value Send NRPN Fine message with value 09 to select the CV2 Range parameter Send Data Entry Coarse message with value 64 to set the new range Example 3 The CV2 Output Range is now changed but is to be changed to 16 to provide 50 range instead The NRPN Fine message need not to be set since it will retain its last value Send Data Entry Coarse message with value 16 to set the new range Routing the CV Outputs CV outputs to the different modules are routed via switches on the front panel and or with patch cables Route with switches as follows Turn off the switch on the front panel that the CV output is currently using Remove any patch cable that might be connected Find the switch on the front panel that is to be used and select it Route with patch cables as follows Remove patch cable from the CV
40. al is active Gate2 is affected in the same way when the message is received on MIDI channel 1 All Sound Off Message Turns off a played note Gate1 is made inactive Pitch output is held at its latest value A played note is turned off even if the Hold pedal is active Gate2 is affected in the same way when the message is received on MIDI channel 1 Reset All Controllers Message Resets all controllers to default states All CV Outputs on the S1 programmed for a controller or other function output are cleared the output is set to OV and the Pitch Wheel is centered Omni On Off Messages Turns Omni mode on or off Note that the second byte in Omni On messages is not recognized since the S1 is a monophonic instrument A currently played note is turned off by making both Gate1 and Gate2 inactive but the CV1 output is held at its latest value The Note Stack is also emptied Reset Message Received When the reset message is received the MIDI interface performs a warm reset The description regarding Power On describes what happens CV Gate Trigg Configuration Configuring the CV outputs is made in two steps First a parameter must be set to define which MIDI message is to control the output Then the CV output must be routed to the desired module 29 Settings for CV Outputs CV Output 1 is always Pitch Out and it is not possible to use it for anything else CV Outputs 2 5 can be programmed to react to MIDI Controllers or a number of pre de
41. al sine wave is the most fundamental signal tone that contains only the basic tone In an analog synthesizer the sine wave is produced by synthesis that results in a signal that is not completely perfect See the illustration below The left side shows the sine signal and the right side shows its spectrum density Aside from the basic signal 440Hz there are a number of harmonic overtones OSCILLATOR OUTPUT SINE A440 LB 0 0 440 00 Hz 5 0 N Volts 0 0 N 5 0 7 5 90 0 LLLI E 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 1 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Time milliseconds Frequency Hz 34 In other words the sine wave has its own character sounds nearly clean but it can change its timbre by e g a filter sweep dynamic or by a filter with a peak frequency that corresponds with the harmonic overtones of the signal static The illustration below shows the result of modifying the signal with the Lowpass Filter and Q peak 7 FILTERED SINUS WAVEFORM BY LOW PASS FILTER PEAK SECOND HARMONIC TONE PEAK THIRD HARMONIC TONE PEAK FIFTH HARMONIC TONE OUTPUT Volts da E o 7 5 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 Time milliseconds Triangle Waveform This w
42. ameters such as Attack time Decay time Sustain level Release time Delay time and Output level are voltage controlled These parameters can be modulated with various waveforms or governed from a voltage source For example when controlled from CV1 the higher one plays on the MIDI keyboard the more Decay time decreases In other words the lower the tones are the longer the Decay times are and the higher the tones are the shorter the Decay times are Envelope Generator Attack Decay amp Release 0 Sustain 4 Envelope Generator variable attack time 8 8 S S 6 6 l QA QA c 4 4 o lt lt 2 2 0 L 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time milliseconds Time milliseconds Envelope Generator variable release time Envelope Generator variable decay time ADSR AMPLITUDE ADSR AMPLITUDE Time milliseconds Time milliseconds The diagrams below show modulated ATTACK TIME DECAY TIME and SUSTAIN LEVEL by external CV sources ATTACK CV modulated by envelope generators output DECAY CV modulated by envelope generators output 8 8 a a p 6 p 6 4 oO
43. and band pass mode and is linear i e has no compression mode Acoustically it is different and provides a necessary complement to the Low Pass Filter Both filters can be connected in parallel or in series pre patched or cross connected No of poles for low pass mode 2 4 6 12 24 36dB octave No of poles for high pass mode 2 4 6 12 24 36 dB octave No of poles for band pass mode 1 2 3 6 12 18 dB octave The diagrams below show the filter frequency response for all three modes Low pass mode 2 4 6 pole 7 High pass mode 2 4 6 pole Q PEAK 7 Low pass mode 2 4 6 pole 7 20 B B AC response d AC response d AC response dB 80 r r l r r 100 r r l r 100 r r r r r 20 64 256 1024 4096 20000 20 64 256 1024 4096 20000 20 64 256 1024 4096 20000 Frequency Hz Frequency Hz Frequency Hz The output signal of the filter in low pass and band pass mode is shown below the best way to illustrate the filtering effect is by using the low pass mode here with 2 4 and 6 pole Low pass mode 2 pole Q PEAK 0 Low pass mode 4 pole Q PEAK 0 Low pass mode 6 pole Q PEAK 0 6 6 6 4 4 4
44. ar Panel for proper position LINE 115 230 V AC 90 60Hz 20 VA Voltage selector in 115Vac position safety Symbols DO NOT REMOVE COVER REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK THE POWER CORD PROTECTIVE CAUTI O GROUNDING CONDUCTOR MUST BE CONNECTED TO GROUND The WARNING sign denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure practice or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in injury or loss of life Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the equipment Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Grounding Requirements The synthesizer is equipped with a three conductor power cord which when plugged into an appropriate receptacle grounds the instrument The offset pin on the power cord three prong connector is the ground wire Rack Installation This instrument can be rack mounted by using a rack mounting kit Rack Mounting kit 2 brackets that are attached to the sides of the instrument by 4 M5 screws Installation of Instrument Stand optional An instrument stand can be attached to the unit using the instrument stand kit Instrument stand
45. ate 1 goes actively low and CV1 retains its value CV1 is preprogrammed to produce 0 Volt out with MIDI note number 24 The tone it produces is selected by among other things transposing the Master Controller s selector and the oscillator Range switch see description of oscillators for more detail The notes with numbers lower than 24 are ignored by default but can be reprogrammed to provide a total register of 10 octaves If several Note On messages are received in sequence the most recently received note is played For each Note On message a new Trigg 1 pulse is generated if it is not inhibited by the Legato mode When a Note Off message is received the previous note is sent out and a new Trigg 1 pulse is generated Five simultaneous Note On messages can be stored in the memory CV1 controls via MASTER CONTROLLER selector switches on the front panel the frequency of the oscillators switches OSC1 OSC2 OSC3 and the frequency corners of the filters LPF TUNE and MMF 26 Gate1 activates Envelope Generator 1 with fixed connection to Gate1 and or Envelope Generator 2 The selection is made by MASTER CONTROLLER selector switches GATE 1 1 off 2 and GATE 2 1 off 2 on the front panel Gate1 can also control LFO Sync via a switch in the LFO Gate1 Gate2 section Trigg1 is used to retrigger Envelope Generators attack and decay portion of envelope signal This can be disabled by MASTER CONTROLLER selector switches TRIGG 1 1 off 2 and TRIGG 2
46. aveform has a higher content of overtones than the sine wave and consequently sounds different The odd overtones are most prominent The amplitude of the overtones is higher than those in the sine wave but also diminish more rapidly OSCILLATOR OUTPUT TRIANGLE A440 0 0 2 5 440 00 Hz CVVOJMAN 10 0 5 0 20 0 2219 30 0 2 s gt 400 0 0 E E 99 25 60 0 o e 80 0 7 5 90 0 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 1 0k 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 90k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Time milliseconds Frequency Hz Sawtooth Waveform The sawtooth wave is the classic waveform and perhaps the most used in the creation of many characteristic bass and brass synthesizer sounds This is due to the fact that the sawtooth wave contains both even overtones 2 4 6 and odd overtones 3 5 7 that have high amplitudes even for overtones of higher order By dynamic and or static filtering the character of the sound can be altered in many ways See the illustration below OSCILLATOR OUTPUT SAW TOOTH A440 0 0 7 5 E 10 0 5 0 20 0 2 8 30 0 9 D gt 2 40 0 0 0 gt D E 20 50 0 2 5 60 0 70 0 5 0 80 0 7 5 90 0 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 1 0k 3 0k 5 0 7 0k 90k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k
47. ch to control the cutoff frequency LPF CUTOFF MMF CUTOFF 4 6 0 MASTER CV TRACKING CVA cv3 CV4 CUTOFF MODULATION 10 1 3 3 GLIDE TRANSPOSE FINE TUNE LPF CUTOFF MMF CUTOFF MASTER CV TRIGG GATE TRIGG VA 1 2 05 110502495 3 14 MOD LATION INPUTS MIDI CV OUTPUTS sci ojoje 2 GAT RIGG GATE 2 TRIGG et es Master modulation level GLIDE 1 millisecond to 10 seconds 5 octave range TRANSPOSE 3 to 3 in one octave steps FINE TUNE 3 semitones ieee Low Pass Filter frequency corner tuning amount of master control voltage TRACKING 0 to 2 Octaves Volt detent at 1Octave Volt LPF CUTOFF Low Pass Filter frequency corner modulation source selector MODULATION CV3 off CV4 5 Octaves range MA Ed Multi Mode Filter frequency corner tuning amount of master control TRACKING voltage 0 to 2 Octaves Volt detent at 1Octave Volt Multi Mode Filter frequency corner modulation source selector 10515 9 3119 M CV3 off CV4 5 Octaves range FREQUENCY MODULATION Modulation inputs for Oscillators and Master Controller OSCILLATOR 1 Pre patched to LFO 1 Volt Octave 62216188419 Pre patched to Oscillator 1 output 1 Volt octave 01 10 110 Pre patched to Oscillator 2 output 1 Volt octave EIN Pre patched to LFO 1 Volt Octave OS
48. ctive S TRIG Inverted gate short circuit active 17119180 MIDI channel selector Main pitch 1 Volt octave ANALOG Envelope generator gate 1 Volt threshold INPUTS Envelope generator trigger 1 Volt threshold Inverted gate short circuit active 5 1 5 2 OSC3 SCALE 1 Volt octave 5 1 OSC2 OSC3 RANGE RANGE octave steps MASTER SCALE general scale sensitivity calibration MASTER ANALOG CV INPUT 1 Volt octave CALIBRATION MAINS INLET Power cord inlet 522203 Switch for mains voltage selection INSTRUMENT BALANCED 16 dBVmax 600 ohm rear panel OUTPUTS SINGLE ENDED 10 dBVmax front and rear panel GETTING STARTED We guess that the first of all you want to hear how the S1 sounds Before you get deeper into this manual and all the functions of the S1 please take a short tour and make yourself familiar with some of the S1 basics Before you power up the S1 furn down the output level knob The S1 can produce high output levels and you should make sure not to burn your valuable preamp speakers or even more your valuable ears FIRST power up the 51 and then turn on your audio system Now please bring the controls of the 51 to a simple basic setting 51 2 LPF MIXER MMF MIXER zl 6 POLE LOW PASS FILTER 6 POLE MULTI MODE FILTER 1 ENVELOPE GENERATOR 1 A ENVELOPE GENERATOR 2 7 17 MASTER AMPLIFIER 0 10 MODULATION LEVEL MASTER CV 300 5
49. ditional frequencies do mostly have a non harmonic sound or with extreme modulation noise Experiment first with sine waves at different frequency ranges and then go for more complex waveforms SYNC means that sync ed oscillators frequency is tracked by the frequency of controlling oscillator OSC3 s frequency is syncronized to OSC2 s frequency OSC2 s frequency is syncronized to OSC1 s frequency When the tuned frequency of sync ed oscillator has the same or multiple of frequency of controlling oscillator then sync ed oscillators waveform has no or very little glitch which results in a sync ed smooth waveform i e sinus waveform The sync ed waveforms with additional FM modulation are perfect for cutting edge lead sound and hard funky basses You want to know how to trigger oscillators at zero crossing to get most natural and static drum sounds Simply tune the synced oscillator to a multiple number of cycles i e OSC1 110Hz and sync ed OSC2 880Hz Listen to the synced oscillator only with a sine wave only and tune it until the tone sounds most pure PULSE WIDTH adjusts the pulse width of the pulse wave from 5 to 9590 WAVEFORM selects the waveform or a mix of waveforms from an oscillator PULSE WIDTH control works also on the waveform mixes where the pulse wave is included The different waveforms contain different harmonic structures respective to their overtone content Thus they sound different from each other and can be
50. dl 4179 LX3 dc ZLNdNI 14100 1X4 3 2250 cong 13441 31VM O Q SLNdNI LX3 gooo 9SO 2350 LLAdNI in NOILVINGOW 440109 VAD H31SVIA 6 2 t 2715 4AOLND AWW 3 1250 4NNL 3NI3 1 111250 AS Ifid 56 9914 31 9 9914 R9 31 9 IGIN LAD YOLVINGOW ONIY 510410 YALSVN 2550 2250 1350 6 E SLNdNI NOIIV InGOW 654 RET 183431 none 6 PA T 13 31 01 0 6 Lot a N L 7 9 S L4 MOIVTII2SO 173441 01 0 8 a L 7 9 S z 25 2 8 1050 612 Now begin to experiment Turn the FILTER MIX knob in the MASTER AMP section in position LPF or MMF to hear signals of all oscillators Change the waveforms and tunings of the oscillators Change the setting of the LPF and MMF sections CUTOFF Q PEAK POLE MODE and move the FILTER MIX knob in the MASTER AMP section See how timbres are changing Turn up the CUTOFF MODULATION CM knobs and experiment with the ENVELOPE GENERATOR settings to add dynamic timbre changes to the sound Experiment with the para
51. fined functions These functions are listed below and in Table 1 1 MIDI Control Change The CV function parameter is set to 0 119 which corresponds to controller 0 119 When a CV output is programmed for a Controller only 7 bit values are handled i e if both Coarse and Fine messages are received for the controller only the portion that has been programmed is used Controllers that are used for parameter programming or other predefined functions cannot be used for a CV output this applies to RPN NRPN controllers Data Entry controllers and Hold Legato pedal controllers When a CV output is programmed for a controller the CV Range parameter sensitivity is between 0 200 2 Note On Velocity If the CV Function parameter is set to 121 the CV output produces a value corresponding to Note On Velocity for notes that are played The CV Range parameter determines sensitivity between 0 200 3 Accent If the CV Function parameter is set to 123 the CV output goes high 5V if the Note On velocity reaches a certain value The CV Range parameter determines the value at which the output goes high and can be 0 127 4 Key Aftertouch If the CV Function parameter is set to 124 the CV output produces a value corresponding to Key Aftertouch messages for notes that are played The CV Range parameter determines sensitivity between 0 200 5 Note Off Velocity If the CV Function parameter is set to 125 the CV output produces a value corresponding to
52. how the level at which the filter operates in the saturation mode For more details see LOW PASS FILTER page 40 The design quality of LPF s and new features makes the LPF more flexible than any other low pass filter used in analogue synthesizers and results in qualities such as CUTOFF and output level are voltage controlled 4 and 6 poles low pass mode 24 dB octave and 36 dB octave Qasi Band pass mode 6dB octave high pass on low side and 24dB octave low pass on high side Saturable from warm and smooth sound at low to moderate level of incoming signal to heavy distorted nasty and aggressive at high level of incoming signals Ideal as effect filter with external sound material Low noise 15 FUNCTIONS CUTOFF controls the filters cutoff or corner frequency POLE selects between 4 pole low pass quasi band pass that sounds different than the true bandpass of the MMF and 6 pole low pass Q PEAK determines the boost of the corner frequency From 9 on the filter starts self oscillating To create useful and interesting sounds the cutoff parameter has to be controlled dynamically This is mostly done by the later described envelope generators and or by modulating the cutoff with a periodical signal e g an LFO or an audio signal This is done with the cutoff modulation section CM CUTOFF MODULATION CM 1 adjusts the corner frequency modulation intensity by ENVELOPE GENERATOR 1 ENVELO
53. lt sensitivity is set to 24 semitones but can be set anywhere between 1 24 semitones in semitone steps see CV Gate Trig Configuration below Connections CV6 is not accessible as an output 28 How MIDI Messages are Handled Program Change Program Change messages with patch 01 restore the parameter settings to their default values A currently played note is turned off by making both Gate 1 and Gate 2 inactive the CV1 output is held at its latest value The Note Stack is emptied All CV Outputs the 51 that are programmed for a controller or other function output are cleared the output is set to OV and the Pitch Wheel is centered All other patch numbers are ignored Note that restoring the parameter memory via the Program Change message takes a couple of hundred milliseconds and during this time no other messages will be handled Hold Pedal Legato Pedal The Hold Pedal message sustains a note being played by keeping the Gate1 output active regardless of Note Off messages The Gate2 output is affected in the same way when the message is received on selected MIDI channel 1 Legato Pedal messages cause a legato effect by not making the Trig1 output active for Note On messages The Trig2 output is affected in the same way when the message is received on MIDI channel 1 All Notes Off Message Turns off a played note Gate1 is made inactive Pitch output is held at its latest value A played note is not turned off if the Hold ped
54. m Master scale amp Analog ie rette nen etico esie pause EEEa Bi EE oECiu uPdEsoloy errem Gale ioo How MIDI Messages FROGTAM CHANG Hold Pedal NE AEN All Notes Off 5 All Sound Off 55 Reset All Controllers 5 eco Reset Message 29 CV Gate Trigg 2 0 2 000000000000 29 SEUNG ToF c v QUIDUES ii Octane bat 30 SEMIN JP aramelers 228204420 52 222 22 22 425 30 outing the 31 Parameter Values Table 1 32 Upgrading SOM WIC vn duae e ds 33 Possible Routing of 33 MIDI Implementation 33 Inside the eoe Parere tit E atu denn 34 34 SING Waver
55. meters and try to become familiar with the 51 If something might behave unexpectedly please be patient All related issues will be explained in this manual and with some practice you will soon be able to manage the 51 and create a universe of great sounds Patchbay As we mentioned before the S1 is a semi modular system All modules inputs and outputs are pre patched and can be altered or added by the use of patch cords To make the use of the patching capabilities most easy as possible there is a specific legend used on all sockets Audio and CV outputs are revealed by white surround gt ince al HI EPEE EEUN DIGON cn there is no danger to couple output to output Inputs are labelled in white text Where an input is pre patched internally its source is labelled red in a white box These internal patches are bypassed as soon as you insert a plug HI Z INPUT Master Controller The Master Controller section determinates the master frequency and or modulation depth to all modules coupled to it such as oscillators and filters The four knobs are easy to understand MODULATION LEVEL is pre patched to the LFO output and determinates the master modulation depth being aplied to the incomming pitch CV CV1 hereby modulating all oscillators and filters connected to the master CV bus GLIDE determinates the time to glide from one note to another in 5 octave span TRANSPOSE is the master octave setting 3 octaves
56. n linear transfer function so called saturation mode that is affected by the level of the incoming signal In the audio mixer the red markings on the potentiometer scales show the level at which the filter operates in the non linear mode saturation mode The illustration below shows the saturation effect LOWPASS FILTER SATURATION EFFECT LOWPASS FILTER SATURATION EFFECT LINEAR MODE SQR WAVE in 3Vp p EXTREME SATURATED MODE SQR WAVE in EXT AUDIO INPUT LINEAR MODE SQR WAVE in 3Vp p SATURATED MODE SQR WAVE in 6Vp p 7 5 CVVQJMAN E o OUTPUT Volts 5 0 7 5 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 Time milliseconds Time milliseconds A complicated saturation effect can be seen amplitude amount of resonance and frequency corner are affected and altered by the input signal strength Spectrum analysis in the illustration below shows that the filter effectively suppresses the square wave overtones but also adds even harmonic overtones the most dominant being the 2nd overtone 2000 Hz This brings to mind certain characteristics in electron tube amplifiers that from a musical point of view can be advantageous It is well known that even overtones often add a musical timbre and electron tube amplifiers are valued for this among other things 42 dBV rms 30 0 I
57. nal controls of envelopes Allows the voltage control of all envelope parameters This is very useful fea ture for modelling of complex dynamic sounds 1 ENVELOPE GENERATOR 1 2 ENVELOPE GENERATOR 2 ATTACK TIME 4 5 6 0 5 milliseconds 4 gt to 20 seconds DECAY TIME 0 5 milliseconds to 20 seconds SUSTAIN LEVEL 0 to 5 Volts RELEASE TIME 0 5 milliseconds to 20 seconds 17 120 5004511 RELEASE TIME 1 milliseconds to 10 seconds ENVELOPE OUTPUT INVERTED 0 to 5 Volts ENVELOPE OUTPUT 0105 Suh CONTROL INPUT ATTACK SUSTAIN DELAY ATTACK SUSTAIN DELAY RELEASE LEVEL DELAY TIME CONTROL INPUT SUSTAIN LEVE CONTROL INP ATTACK TIME 0 5 milliseconds to 20 seconds DECAY TIME 0 5 milliseconds to 20 seconds SUPA NSE Sse to 5 Volts 0 5 milliseconds to 20 seconds DELAY TIME 1 millisecond to 10 seconds 0 5 milliseconds to 20 seconds 0 5 Volts CV SUSTAIN 0 to 5 Volts 0 to 5 Volts CV RELEASE 0 5 milliseconds to 20 seconds 0 to 5 Volts CV 1 milliseconds to 10 seconds 0 to 5 Volts CV CV LEVEL Amplitude modulation 5 Volts signal peak 5Volts CV Positive going 0 to 5 Volts Negative going 0 to 5 Volts OUTP
58. o create various high quality sounds and recreate sounds from many classic synthesizers as well Those qualities make the Multi Mode Filter a perfect complement to the Low Pass Filter Configuration in series or parallel the LPF and MMF filters make it easy to create various vocal like sounds or filter with an extreme steep slope up to 72 dB octave in low pass mode FUNCTIONS CUTOFF controls the cutoff or corner frequency of the filter from 16Hz to 16kHz POLE selects between 2 4 and 6 pole configuration for 12 24 and 36dB octave slope Q PEAK determines the boost of the corner frequency From 9 on the filter starts self oscillating To create useful and interesting sounds the cutoff parameter has to be controlled dynamically This is mostly done by the later described envelope generators and or by modulating the cutoff with a periodical signal e g an LFO or an audio signal This is done with the cutoff modulation section CM CUTOFF MODULATION CM 1 adjusts the corner frequency modulation intensity by ENVELOPE GENERATOR 1 ENVELOPE GENERATOR 1 switch inverts the control voltage of envelope generator 1 CM 2 adjusts the corner frequency modulation intensity by ENVELOPE GENERATOR 2 ENVELOPE GENERATOR 2 switch inverts the control voltage of envelope generator 2 OSC1 LFO adjusts the corner frequency modulation intensity by the triangle waveform of OSC1 respective to the LFO Maximum sweep reaching over 5 octaves 5 1
59. ob to position 10 Set AMP FILTER MIXER control knob to position LPF On MASTER CV set switch for OSC2 to off On OSC 1 set RANGE and TUNE to position 0 On OSC 2 or OSC 3 set RANGE switch to position 1 and TUNE to position 0 for 5 octave keyboard or position 0 for 8 octave keyboard Master keyboard Press the lowest C on the keyboard and adjust FINE TUNE on the MASTER CONTROLLER until both oscillators have the same frequency and minimum phase shift Press each successively higher C C3 C4 C5 etc Adjust trim potentiometer OSC1 SCALE on the rear panel for correct frequency The frequency of Oscillator 1 must correspond to C3 C4 C5 etc When correctly adjusted the Oscillator 1 frequency is exactly 2 4 8 16 etc times higher than Oscillator 2 24 Oscillator 2 and 3 Repeat the procedure as for Oscillator 1 using one of the other oscillators as reference OSCILLATOR RANGE Oscillator 1 1 On MASTER CV set switch for OSC1 and OSC2 to ON 2 OSC 1 and OSC 2 set RANGE switch and TUNE to position 0 3 Press any key on the keyboard 4 Carefully adjust TUNE on Oscillator 1 until both oscillators have the same frequency and minimum phase shift 5 Step up the RANGE switch on Oscillator 1 and adjust trim potentiometer OSC1 RANGE for correct frequency When correctly adjusted the Oscillator 1 frequency must 1 2 3 4 etc octaves higher than Oscillator 2 i e exact multiples of one
60. ontrol Change 1 Modulation Wheel messages but can be reprogrammed to react on any MIDI message see Parameter Programming below CV3 is pre patched for Fixed Modulation CV Select for LOWPASS FILTER and MULTI MODE FILTER frequency corner modulation Default sensitivity is 100 but can be altered see CV Gate Trig Configuration below Connections CV3 is accessible from both the front and rear panels see the figures above CV4 Function CV4 is preprogrammed for Channel Aftertouch messages but can be reprogrammed to react on any MIDI message see Parameter Programming below 4 is pre patched for Fixed Modulation CV Select for LOWPASS FILTER and MULTI MODE FILTER frequency corner modulation Default sensitivity is 100 but can be altered see CV Gate Trig Configuration below Connections CV4 is accessible from both the front and rear panels see the figures above CV5 Function CV5 is preprogrammed for Control Change 5 Portamento Glide Time but can be reprogrammed to react on any MIDI message see Parameter Programming below Default sensitivity is 100 but can be altered see CV Gate Trig Configuration below Connections CV5 is not accessible as an output CV6 Function CV6 is preprogrammed for Pitch Wheel messages but can be reprogrammed to react on any MIDI message see Parameter Programming below CV6 is prepatched to the Master Controller for modulation of oscillator pitch and frequency corners of the filters Defau
61. ors or any other signal source If audio signals are used the resulting waveforms are complex and contain in addition to the carrier frequency two inharmonic sidebands per spectral component The sound character is familiar to the results of FM and thus useful for generating of non harmonic sounds and noises The PWM inputs of OSC 1 and 2 are hardwired to the outputs of the MIXER described below The pulse width of all three oscillators can be modulated by any other signal 10 LEVEL PWM CV CV LEVEL Amplitude modulation input 5 Volts wave 5Volts input CV CV PWM Pulse width modulation input 5 pulse width 1Volt input CV Mixer This is two input two output DC coupled mixer with input level controls The inputs pre patched to the LFO triangle wave and to the ENVELOPE GENERATOR 1 but can be coupled to any other source The outputs deliver the sum of the attenuated input signals and its inverted signal and sum These outputs are pre patched to the PWM inputs of OSC1 and 2 see above Especially when using the LFO signal this can be a useful choice since the mixers outs provide the LFO signal with opposite polarity to OSC1 s PWM respective OSC2 s PWM Consequently the oscillators pulse width sweeps in opposite directions which results in interesting sonic possibilities INPUT LEVE b V EXT Z INPUT1 OUTPUT EXT INPUT Pre patched to LFO triangle output gain 1 EXT INPUT2 Pre patched
62. output that is currently in use and turn off any switch that is currently used for the CV output Reroute the patch cable to the new CV output 31 Table 1 Parameter Values NRPN Fine Value Data Entry NRPN Coarse Value Parameter Function Comment Coarse 0 that will be played CV 1 is always handled as main tune control This parameter currently has no effect CV1 Function 0 119 respond to Control Change messages with this number 120 CV Output is unused 121 Note On velocity 122 CV Output is unused 123 Accent 124 Key Aftertouch 125 Note Off velocity 126 Channel Aftertouch 127 CV Output is unused 0 127 Default is 1 for Same as for CV2 modulation wheel controller 0 127 Default is 124 for Channel after touch 0 127 Default is 5 for glide time same as for CV2 CV 6 is always handled as Pitch Wheel out This parameter currently has no effect 0 127 Default is 121 for Note On Velocity CV2 Function CV3 Function CV4 Function CV5 Function CV6 Function Scaling for controllers or Scaling for velocity or Scaling for aftertouch or Accent trigg level Note that when scaling is programmed values larger than 32 will be ignored and set to 32 Same as for CV2 Same as for CV2 CV4 Range Same as for CV2 Same as for CV2 CV5 Range Same as for CV2 Same as for CV2 CV6 Range 13 from 0 to 24 semitones Default is 24 semitones 32 0 63 Default i
63. put 0 dB gain 5 Volts CV Synchronization to external signal 1V threshold Gate1 Gate 2 Waveforms 13 Low Pass Filter Audio Mixer Audio mixer for oscillator 1 2 3 ring modulator and pre patched multi mode filters output The output signals of the three oscillators the ring modulator and the output signal of the multimode filter has individual levels into the lowpass filter input The red labelling indicates the saturation level of the filter s input stage when one source is used Using more than one signal source leads to earlier saturation Multi Mode Audio Mixer The output signals of the three oscillators the ring modulator and pre patched white noise has individual levels into the multi mode filter input The thick scale indicates the clip level of the filter s input stage when one source is used with higf Q PEAK setting Using more than one signal source leads to earlier clip OWPASS FILTER AUDIO MIXER MULTI MODEFILTER AUDIO MIXER OSC LLATOR 1 2 3 RING MODU LATOR OSCILLATOR 1 2 3 RING MODULATOR and MULTI MODE FILTER pre patched and WHITE NOISE pre patched OSCILLATOR p e OSCILLATOR 3 4 RING MODULATOR 4 gt 6 3 7 17 9 7 0 10 MMF 0 10 WHITE NOISE 14 Filters The most important sound shaping device of every substractive synthesizer is the filter It cuts off specific and adjustable frequency ranges and thus overtones which
64. r analogue monophonic synthesizer is easy to get started with since it is pre patched for optimal use of its sound producing possibilities and eliminates the need for external connections between modules during use Each module can be disconnected and used separately e g to control or be controlled by other instruments This flexibility enables and simplifies experimentation with creation and reproduction of sound We can mention some important features of the 51 Three oscillators with seven basic waveforms Ring modulator Noise generator with two three noise shapes Low pass filter with selectable 4 6 poles and quasi band pass mode Multi mode filter with selectable 2 to 6 poles and three modes Wide range envelope generators Master amplifier with build in overdrive stage LFO with seven basic waveforms and wide rate range Extensive modulation of virtually all synthesis parameters Build in MIDI to CV gate converter with 16 bit resolution Several parameters be voltage controlled by external signals and simultaneously control external devices by the build in MIDI converters voltage outputs see Rear Panel The S1 is a stand alone instrument and the possibility with patching and integrating it into an external modular or semi modular synthesizer makes it extremely flexible Connections Power Connect the included power cable with a 115 230Vac outlet BEFORE YOU TURN ON THE MACHINE BE SURE TO CHECK
65. r own settings ALISO TAA g9 45 43144 AVDAC 31 45 314 4 1505 MOVLLV Avaa NIVLSNS LAdLNO 1X3 AWIL AV 130 ETIO 27 t 6 PA 031 8 L 9 V N 1250 907 XIN AWIL 3SV3 13M 57005 5280 21 z 6 8 1 04 04 NIVLSNS 2 01 6 8 2D ZC 9 V AVO3G OEZTH E01 i 2 2 t Ne 6 8 1 AWIL MOVLLV 5 z SIN LS NVINSOMD 104100 281 6 440105 V3d 0 13441 440103 CEREEED CEREEED 1ndlno Z IH Q ASION 3LIHM 0 41 1250 01 0 041 1350 01 0 0 1 Lot 2 50 7 5 d t LTA 0 Nol 410d 391 9 05 AS os t 06 91 091 006 00 9 lala 49 09 006 006 ssvd 9 01 0 I 6 c 277 p 9 11250 01 0 8 Pd L L 9 S 01 17111350 01 AWW d
66. rms do look like noise they are synthesized noise By frequency modulating the oscillators in a ring a multitude of signals are created just like those found in noise However unlike random noise this synthesized oscillator noise can be manipulated in several ways e g varying the frequency illustration above or varying the degree of frequency modulation illustration below In other words this noise can be played with and noise with varying bandwidth can be created resonance effect RING FREQUENCY MODULATION VARIABLE FM LEVEL OSCILLATOR1 SINUS out WHITE NOISE SYNTHESIS BAND PASS NOISE SYNTHESIS T CVVQJMAN 20 0 30 0 v 40 0 E 2 50 0 OUTPUT Volts 60 0 70 0 80 0 90 0 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 1 0k 3 0k 5 0k 7 0k 9 0k 11 0k 13 0k 15 0k 17 0k 19 0k Time milliseconds Frequency Hz NOISE GENERATOR There are three noise outputs white wide band unfiltered red lowpass filtered with 12 dB octave and low frequency noise slow random In the illustration below white noise and red noise is shown on the left side and spectrum density on the right side WHITE NOISE RED NOISE 0 0 CWeEIMAN CVWQJMAN 10 0 Taul m i M p
67. rs in addition to the customary 12 and 24dB octave slope must also have a 36dB octave slope The difference between 24 and 36dB slope may seem to be slight but is highly pronounced to a listener and offers new and highly useful possibilities in sound modification Envelope generators have been developed by simulation in a computer environment All the parameters can be voltage controlled within a large time range Attack Decay Release times are adjustable from 0 5 milliseconds actually 350 microseconds to 20 seconds S1 is a so called semi modular synthesizer which means that all modules e g oscillators filters etc interconnected in a certain configuration The configuration can be altered using patches Connections between the different modules can be broken and routed to other inputs or outputs For example to cross connect the filters the MULTI MODE FILTER external audio input is connected to the LOWPASS FILTER audio input which can produce unexpected effects such as the generation of sub octave tones The list of possible configurations is of course very long so the following is a description of the constituent parts of the instrument i e the modules OSCILLATORS There are three oscillators that are largely identical except that OSCILLATOR 1 that can be used as an extra LFO in the LF mode with five basic waveforms sine triangle sawtooth variable pulse and triangle mixed with variable pulse sine Waveform An ide
68. s 32 which provides 5V full swing at data 127 63 provides x2 i e 5V at data 64 and 16 provides x0 5 i e 2 5V at data 127 This can be viewed as O 200 scaling with about 590 resolution CV2 Range CV3 Range xk od O N C1 gt Co NO i Upgrading Software Software in the S1 CVGate interface can be upgraded via MIDI Software is upgraded via a programmer software that runs on any Windows machine This software can be downloaded from the official website The Windows machine must of course also have a standard MIDI interface New software versions for the S1 CVGate can also be downloaded from the official website For further details see the website Possible Routing of CV Outputs CV Output Ring modulator input CV1 Front Back panel LFO FM AM input EIC CV2 Front Back panel Same as for CV1 CV3 Front Back panel Same as for CV1 CVA Front Back panel Same as for CV1 5 n a n a CV6 n a MIDI Implementation Chart Transmitted Basic Channel Default X 1 16 Changed 1 16 Mode Default 4 Messages True Voice 0 127 Velocity Note On Note Off Aftertouch Key Channel Control Change 0 127 True 1 For service System Exclusive purposes only System Realtime Aux Messages All Sound Off Reset Controllers All Notes Off Omni On Omni Off Reset ccc Yes 1
69. steeper the slope the more effective the filter works cuts overtones or undertones Since lower slopes also produce very musical and sonically useful results it makes sense to implement filters with switchable slope The S1 s filters with its two corresponding 3 slope settings are most versatile and musically useful The next basic parameter is the CUTOFF FREQUENCY or corner frequency It defines at which frequency the filter starts to work respective to attenuates frequencies On the 51 the cutoff of both filters can be adjusted from 16Hz to 16kHz by CUTOFF knob and has a total frequency range from 5Hz to 30kHz Lets have a look on Q PEAK This parameter is also known as resonance or emphasis It boost the frequencies in the range of the cutoff and makes the tone sound more cutting From a certain level on the filter starts self oscillating and works as a sine wave oscillator The configuration of LPF and MMF coupled in series and or in parallel creates a formant filter for various vocal like sounds LOW PASS FILTER The Low Pass Filter in 4 pole mode emulates the familiar low pass filter in some analogue synthesizer S1 s Low Pass Filter expands sonic potential by adding a unique designed 6 pole low pass mode and quasi band pass mode LPF is characterized by a non linear transfer function so called saturation mode that is affected by the level of the incoming signal In the audio mixer the red markings on the potentiometer scales s
70. used as raw material for creating different types of sounds This is a brief description of waveforms Sine VV contains low order harmonics with low amplitude and sounds dull or pure It s very useful for creating of whistles flutes and other pure sounds Triangle WV contains more high order overtones than sine and sounds still dull and pure but with more edge It is great for flutes or vibraphone like sounds Saw NNcontains many overtones and sounds rich and cutting It is especially useful for strings brass and vocal like sounds depends on the pulswidth A symmetric wave PW 50 contains only odd harmonics and is hollow sounding The more it differs from the symmetric wave the more it sounds edgy and nasal It is very useful for woodwind like pads bass and string like sounds Mixed triangle saw Mixed triangle pulse AA Mixed saw pulse OSCILLATOR 1 OCTAVE SELECTOR AUDIO MODE OSCILLATOR 1 RANGE from C2 32 7 Hz to C8 2093 Hz AUDIO LOW FREQUENCY MODE LOW FREQUENCY MODE SELECTOR RANGE from 6 seconds to 50 milliseconds WAVEFORM FREQUENCY MODULATION FREQUENCY TUNE PULSE WIDTH SELECTOR LEVEL pre patched to LFO 6 semitones 5 to 95 SINE OSC1 0 4 5 6 40 50 60 TRIANGLE OSCILLATOR 2 1 SYNC to OSCILLATOR 1 S 29 80 SAW 17 9 10 90 TRIANGLE 7 0 10 SYNC 6 6 5 95 PULSE FM LEVEL PULSE WID
71. warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Cwejman shall not be liable for any special incidental or consequential damages whether in contract tort or otherwise Copyright 2005 Cwejman Printed in Sweden All rights reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Cwejman 1 Before Using this Synthesizer Checking Accessories Upon receipt of this instrument run the checks shown below Run visual checks against any and all damages or imperfections Check the quantity and rating of standard accessories to assure their conformance with the table below Should there be any flaw or damage or missing or insufficient materials contact the dealer or the sales and support office Power cable Interconnection cables 3 5mm Rack holders Rack Holder screws M5 The instruction manual Environmental Conditions Do not expose this unit to direct sunlight corrosive gas dust or vibration The ambient temperature must be 15 to 30 C and the relative humidity must not be greater than 85 The storage temperature of this unit is 0 to 50 C This unit is designed with the affect of AC power supply line noise taken into consideration However it is recommended that it be used in a place where there is minimum noise If noise is unavoidable use a noise suppresser or the equivalent CAUTION Before turning this unit on check the supply voltage switch on the Re

S1 MK2 User`s Manual (Guide/Handbook)

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