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SWS-100LW User Manual

1. Section 6 6 PRODUCT OVERVIEW 6 1 SWS LW Present Weather Sensor The SWS Lightweight Present Weather Sensor is a special version of the SWS series of sensors designed for lower weight and lower power consumption Two models are available in the range with the following measurement capabilities Sensor Model Capability SWS 100 LW Visibility Precipitation type identification SWS 200 LW Visibility Precipitation type identification This model has an extra backscatter receiver for Rain rate Snowfall rate Precipitation accumulation 4 SWS LW Present Weather Sensor I Biral Section 6 Product Overview 6 2 Instrument Components Each sensor has been engineered and manufactured with high reliability components to provide accurate measurements under all weather conditions Its rugged aluminium powder coated construction is intended to serve you in the severest of environmental conditions throughout the long life of the instrument Both models are shipped fully assembled 6 3 Accessories Calibration Kit The calibration kit containing a reference standard calibration plaque in a protective carrying case is employed only at those times that the instrument calibration is being checked
2. Maintenance Procedures Figure 4 1 Transmitter hood with white card Step 7 Remove the white card 4 3 3 Receiver Background Brightness Measurement Checks The receiver background brightness value measures the optical signal detected by the receiver caused by the intensity of the ambient background This value is used to set the threshold values for precipitation particle detection and interpretation The following procedure will check this function this procedure is used for both the forward scatter and backscatter receivers For the SWS 100 LW only carry out the forward scatter test Step 1 Insert grey foam plugs Zero Plugs supplied in the calibration kit into the forward scatter receiver hood and back scatter hood if applicable blocking all light from the window Step 2 Send the command R Step 3 Verify that the value in the Forward Back Scatter Receiver Background Brightness field in the sensor response see paragraph 3 1 1 is less than 00 06 Step 4 Remove the zero plugs from the Sensor Head receiver hoods Step 5 While shining a flashlight directly into the receiver window send the command R NOTE This test requires the use of a filament bulb flashlight There is insufficient IR radiation from a visible LED source to carry out this test successfully Step 6 Verify that the value in the Forward Back Scatter Receiver Background Brightness field i
3. Section 1 13 STEP3 Equipment Test 1 3 1 1 2 3 4 6 Biral recommends that the equipment is powered and checked on the bench before site installation This is to ensure that you are comfortable with the functionality of the sensor and to pre empt any queries that arise before attempting site installation Note this procedure assumes a default configuration for the sensor please check Calibration Certificate supplied with your sensor for specific configuration details NOTE In this test and in all subsequent sections of this manual the following convention MUST be observed ALL COMMANDS SHOULD BE TERMINATED WITH CARRIAGE RETURN AND LINE FEED ASCII CHARACTERS 13 AND 10 In this manual this is normally abbreviated to lt CRLF gt Equipment Test Procedure Connect the power pins on the input connector to a local power source do not turn power source on Connect sensor earth lug to earth this may not be necessary but can help prevent communication errors with certain PCs Connect the signal cable to a PC running the Biral Sensor Interface Software If this is not available use a terminal program for example Windows Hyper Terminal Configure the terminal program either the Biral Sensor Interface Software or Hyper Terminal as follows Default Interface Parameters Baud Rate nnna rte dace 9600 pata ABD 8
4. 1 rrt cote teer tee te teni tete eee 34 Receiver Background Brightness esses nete nennen rtnetnet retener 35 Window Monitor Checks Ps METEOROLOGICAL OPTICAL 2 1 002 200020000000000000000000000000000 22 23 24 36 38 40 47 52 MOUNTING 3 eios itenim ih ibn eid oii e dee e is SEE INSTALLATION P IN CONNECTION 82 Ado DA Et MAD el ee Nealon ee Connections for RS232 POWER CONNECTIONS POWER REQUIREMENTS e ee PRECIPITATION AMOUNT CALIBRATION ssssssccccceesssscecececeessssaeececceessesseeeccceseessaseeeceessesaeeececeseesaseesceeeeeesaaes cot stove TE oles aee oA eee e Ete ere las uaa ade Rid PRESENT WEATHER eene eene enenatis entren Present weather codes in SWS 100 data message T Present weather codes in SWS 200 data message PRESENT WEATHER CODES SWS OOH TE DRE SWS 200 PRESENT WEATHER DEFINITION 2 R REMOTE SELF TEST amp MONITORING Data Message er ALLEN LAE LM
5. pedet dette RESPONSES FROM SENSOR To Command SI I AREA REP NRE 30 o 99 Biral section 7 S SELESTEST CODES ARI RR eee 32 SENSOR RETE E OT T 57 SENSOR ORIENTATION 2 5 5 rr EO E REX EUST RR 15 SENSOR RESPONSES d SENSOR SPECTEIC ATION sh 2 2 iere e fr rie estre eerie i eterne de vere etiatn breve iere ee deed 52 T TEST AND GOMMISSIONING ics 1 5 iere tere te etie e tete eire FE e re RUM EM OR PE EE ERREUR 19 TIME TROUBLESHOOTING Checking Data link Checking Power Supply uni DRE e Oe ble e AO Re RR ee Pone Remote Self Test Check m SelfzLest Codes ete ncm e iO ER E e EC EN ee NER Sensor Respolnses CRM Sensor Self Test Capabilities 3 52 5 ettet re dete beg 56 U UK PRECIPITATION DEFINITIONS n eee Ee ee Ee de PUR REPE 49 US PRECIPITATION DEFEINITIONS 51 25 39 9 2 ever eco 50 V MISIBILITY MEASUREMENTS REEF ENSE MERE YR ETE CERRAR 47 52 W WARRANTY a R E i WINDOW CLEANING WINDOW HBATERS ded
6. Section 6 In addition to its optimal and unique measurement capabilities the SWS LW sensor has a number of distinctive physical features Compactness The sensor is a single package small in size and particularly light in weight It can be readily installed by one person and can be used in portable or fixed installations Low Power Consumption The SWS LW series of sensors have been designed specifically for low power applications These include temporary installations away from mains power where battery size and weight are of particular importance Proven Software The basic software incorporated into the sensor has evolved over a long period of time and has been tested and proven in hundreds of sensors Ease of Maintenance and Calibration Routine maintenance including a check on calibrations is performed in a matter of a few minutes re calibration if required takes only slightly longer and is easily performed by one person 6 5 Present Weather Definition The term Present Weather is generally employed to define a large class of atmospheric phenomena that includes tornado activity thunderstorm activity precipitation obstructions to vision and other atmospheric phenomena such as aurora For purposes of Automated Present Weather Sensors the term present weather is restricted to those atmospheric phenomena that are local to the sensor These phenomena include 1 all forms of liquid and froze
7. Calibration Check o RR eDim ee n GNE OH Des Calibration Kit Assembly Precipitation Amount ie S Hae dep OS CE CERTIFICATION SAFETY wise inian rE NES RR OVE ERN KENNEN NER Ke NE Ne eO ERE Fea even E RS CHECKSUM COMMANDS AND RESPONSES Sensor Responses T COMMUNICATIONS CONFIGURATION 1 rb CO E TR POUR EGER MED ER EH 12 COMMUNICATIONS SPECIFICATION Ne ERR RENE SS NER ER ue Yee VN cv Exe SENE SE 55 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS Automiatic esSagBS cios cie ten RR CREE decease EE YR RR IMEEM eR SI Baud n an een ero n ORI AID DIO Ian E eie eS CheCkstri 4 t do vet Window Heaters CONNECTIONS AADS 22 ei sees etse sometime bes CONNECTOR E RERO TU SEGA GRO OB EDO EO T IRAE CONTACT D VIS D 22 Ambient Light Sensor ALS 2 eoe dee Pepe epus 26 Check Data Transmission Example of Data Message DATE AND LIME STAMP or rente TRI P MR tre Pise SIR MH UTI Ten E BLECTRICAL CONNECTIONS eode eae ee oir Tet 3 Ambie
8. STEP 6 Test and Commissioning 19 Biral Sensor Set up Section 1 5 Check Data Transmission To Sensor Send the command R from the PC terminal to the sensor The sensor will respond with its Remote Self Test amp Monitoring Message For example 100 2 509 24 1 12 3 5 01 12 5 00 00 00 00 100 105 107 00 00 00 4 021 0 4063 6 Check Data Transmission From Sensor If the sensor is NOT in polled mode Wait for the sensor to transmit a Data Message approx 80 seconds from power up If the sensor is in polled mode Send the command D from the PC terminal to the sensor A Data Message will be transmitted immediately 1 6 3 Remote Self Test Check Check that the values in the Remote Self Test amp Monitoring Message from the previous Data Link check are within the ranges indicated below in Table 1 5 Remote maintenance check fields Field 1 Space Message starts with a space Field 2 100 or 108 Heater state and error flags Field 3 2 450 2 550 Internal Reference voltage Field 4 9 00 36 00 Supply Voltage Field 5 10 8 13 2 Internal operating voltage Field 6 4 5 5 5 Internal operating voltage Field 7 10 8 13 2 Internal operating voltage Field 6 00 00 Not applicable in this check Field 9 00 00 Not applicable in this check Field 10 85 105 Transmitter power monitor Field 11 80 120 Forward Receiver monitor Field
9. 40 Indeterminate precipitation type 50 Drizzle 60 Rain 70 Snow DD D C Not used SWS 100 LW Set to 99 9 EE EE KM Meteorological Optical Range km This is the instantaneous value FFF Self test and Monitoring see section 4 2 FFF O other self test values OK X other self test faults exist O windows not contaminated X window contamination warning cleaning recommended F Window contamination fault cleaning required O sensor not reset since last R command X sensor reset since last R command If selected this will be the checksum character The checksum is off by SESS default Table 2 1 SWS 100 LW Operating data message format A typical data message from an SWS 100 LW sensor is as follows Biral SWS100 001 060 00 14 KM 99 999 30 99 9 C 00 14 Standard Operating Data Message for SWS 100 LW 23 Standard Operating Data Section 2 2 0 Standard Operating Data Message for the SWS 200 LW The data message format is lt Date gt lt Time gt SWS200 NNN XXX AA AA KM BB BBB CC tDD D C EE EE KM FFF lt cs gt lt crlf gt MESSAGE MEANING lt Date gt Optional Date string in the form DD MM YY lt Time gt Optional Time string in the form HH MM SS SWS200 SWS200 message prefix NNN Instrument identification number set by the user XXX Averaging Time period in seconds Meteorological Optical Range k
10. Mains Adapter A mains adapter is available if required Cables These may be ordered if required The length must be specified at time of order Calibration Arm mounting Bracket This bracket is used when a field calibration of the sensor is required 6 4 Sensor Features The SWS sensors including the SWS Lightweight sensor are both visibility sensors and present weather sensors They have the necessary optimum configuration for accurate measurement of visibility in the densest of fogs to very clear air conditions They can detect the onset of precipitation as readily as a human observer and can measure the size and velocity of precipitation particles Unique patented techniques utilising precipitation size velocity distributions and backscatter forward scatter ratios provide essentially error free identification of the type of precipitation False alarms and false identifications are kept to a minimum by the application of empirically derived algorithms sensitive to the characteristic of electronic noise and insects Also unique is the sensor s capability for separating the contribution of extinction due to precipitation from the total atmospheric extinction coefficient thus giving the sensor the capability to identify fog whenever it is simultaneously present during a precipitation episode Instrument Components Sensor Features H Biral Product Overview
11. lt crIf gt see Paragraph 1 3 This section is only applicable to model SWS 200 LW This process provides for adjusting the calibration factor of the sensor precipitation measurement The amount of adjustment to this factor is determined by making an independent measurement of the liquid accumulation over several rain episodes and comparing the accumulation reported by the sensor to this independently measured accumulation The value to be entered to adjust the precipitation amount factor is calculated as follows Value entered _ Desired precipitation accumulation 100 Sensor s reported precipitation accumulation EXAMPLE Over several rainstorms a reference sensor measures an accumulation of 225 millimetres The SWS sensor reported an accumulation of 244 millimetres To adjust the sensor s precipitation accumulation factor the value to be entered is 225 x 100 92 2 244 The procedure to be used for precipitation amount calibration is as follows STEP 1 Send the parameter command The sensor replies OK STEP 2 Send the precipitation amount calibration command CA Sensor replies ENTER PRECIP AMT ADJ FACTOR IN PERCENT 30 0 TO 300 0 FORM XXX X STEP 3 Send the required adjustment factor e g 92 2 Sensor replies CAL COMPLETE STEP 4 The precipitation amount calibration process is complete Precipitation Amount Calibration 43 Biral Product Overview
12. 7 6 mm hour Snow Slieht Visibility equal to or greater than 5 8 statute miles 0 55 nautical 1 miles or 1 000 meters Medis Visibility between 1 4 and 5 8 statute miles 0 2 to 0 55 nautical CTI miles or 400 to1000 meters H Visibility equal to or less than 1 4 statute miles 0 2 nautical miles ih or 400 meters Table 6 4 US Precipitation Intensity Definitions Based on Federal Meteorological Handbook No 1 Part B 1 The following present weather codes are used on the SWS LW series of sensors Present Weather Codes SWS 100 LW Code Description XX Not Ready first 5 measurement periods from restart 00 No Significant weather observed 04 Haze or smoke 30 Fog 40 Indeterminate precipitation type 50 Drizzle 60 Rain 70 Snow Table 6 5 SWS 100 LW WMO Codes Automated Measurements Biral Section 6 Present Weather Codes SWS 200 LW Biral Product Overview Code Description XX Not Ready first 5 measurement periods from restart 00 No Significant weather observed 04 Haze or smoke 30 Fog 40 Indeterminate precipitation type 51 Light Drizzle 52 Moderate Drizzle 53 Heavy Drizzle 61 Light Rain 62 Moderate Rain 63 Heavy Rain 71 Light Snow 72 Moderate Snow 73 Heavy Snow 89 Hail Table 6 6 SWS 200 LW WMO Codes Automated Measurements 51 Produc
13. for the SWS 200 LW point the backscatter head 34 West of South and for the SWS 100 LW point the forward scatter receiver directly due South TRANSMITTER RECEIVER Figure 1 3 SWS 100 LW Orientation N A TRANSMITTER RECEIVER Figure 1 4 SWS 200 LW Orientation 16 STEP 5 Installation 2 Biral Section Sensor Set up 1 5 4 Mounting the Sensor On a pole Two stainless steel U bolts and saddles are provided for securing the sensor to the top of the mast The two V block saddles oppose the U bolt thus providing a secure grip on the mast The sensor can be mounted on a galvanised steel pipe or heavy walled aluminium tube with an outer diameter between 40 to 64 mm For mast diameters outside this range the U bolts provided will not be suitable Note pipe sizes often refer to their inside diameter some 60 mm ID pipe may be too large for the U bolts to fit around The sensor head should be mounted near the very top so that the mast will not interfere more than necessary with the free flow of fog or precipitation through the sample volume The flat stainless steel washers should be placed next to the powder coated surface of the mounting plate to prevent gouging by the lock washers as the nuts are tightened Calibration Plaque Mounting Bracket Saddles U Bolts Figure 1 5 U Bolt Mounting Method Note In Figure 1 5 U Bolt Mountin
14. SLOP Bitsin e i 1 Flow Control 05 ret None If using Hyper Terminal the options Send line ends with line feeds and Echo typed characters locally in ASCII set up should be checked Turn the local power source ON If communications are working the sensor will respond with Biral Sensor Startup STEP 3 Equipment Test Section 1 Sensor Set up 5 Check Data Transmission To Sensor Send the command R from the PC terminal to the sensor The sensor will respond with its Remote Self Test amp Monitoring Message For example 100 2 509 24 1 12 3 5 01 12 5 00 00 00 00 100 105 107 00 00 00 021 0 4063 Check Data Transmission From Sensor If the sensor is NOT in polled mode Wait for the sensor to transmit a Data Message approx 80 seconds from power up If the sensor is in polled mode Send the command D from the PC terminal to the sensor A Data Message will be transmitted immediately MOR Calibration check Carry out the calibration check procedure in section 5 page 36 to ensure that the MOR value changes i e the sensor responds to changes in visibility NOTE as this calibration check is being carried out indoors the MOR value will NOT agree with that marked on your calibration reference plaque NB The sensor is fully calibrated before it leaves Biral THIS PROCEDURE CAN
15. Test And Commissioning The following steps contain a few basic checks to provide confidence that the unit will functioning correctly after installation These checks are recommendations only and are neither essential nor exhaustive 1 6 1 Checking Power Supply Before connecting the power to the sensor the supply voltage being provided should be measured to ensure that the voltage present is compatible with the sensor power requirement Use a multimeter to measure the supply voltage which should be between 9V and 36V DC DANGER of electric shock Exercise caution when performing this measurement WARNING Only connect power to the sensor if it matches the voltage requirements of the sensor Damage caused by improper voltage connection is not covered under warranty 1 6 2 Checking Data link 1 Connect the cable to a local power source do not turn power source on 2 Connect the signal wires to a PC running the Biral Sensor Interface Software If this is not available use a terminal program for example Windows Hyper Terminal 3 Configure the terminal program as follows Default Interface Parameters Baud Rate eon 9600 IData BItsz hee tei tete ed 8 StOp tee e be eet 1 None Fl w Control vs cer cere tese None 4 Turn the local power source ON If communications are working the sensor will respond with Biral Sensor Startup
16. above 3096 Although the visibility reading is still corrected using this contamination figure the accuracy may deteriorate as the contamination increases The windows require cleaning The ALS has an additional code of S This indicates that the sensor is saturated with a VERY bright light source such as direct view of the sun Although the reported light level will be in error it can be implied that the true ambient light level is high 4 2 3 Least Significant Character Other Self Test errors Biral A variety of operating parameters are regularly checked against normal operational figures as an early warning of possible sensor faults This character indicates whether all parameters other than window contamination are normal This Self test code can be one of two characters O or X These have the following meaning No Fault No action required Internal error Send command to list all internally monitored parameters Check against paragraph 3 1 1 to determine the cause of this error Send command RST to restart the sensor If the fault persists arrange for the sensor to be serviced at the earliest possible opportunity Self Test 33 Maintenance Procedures Section 4 4 3 User Confidence Checks The following user confidence checks require bi directional communications with a PC running the Biral Sensor Interface Software If this is not available use a terminal prog
17. calibration arm and this assembly should then be attached to the mounting bracket as shown in Figure 5 1 Calibration Plaque Mounting Details 36 Calibration Check e Biral Section 5 Calibration Procedures Calibration Arm Calibration Plaque Calibration Mounting Bracket Figure 5 1 Calibration Plaque Mounting Details 5 11 Calibration Check The following instructions describe how to check the calibration of a SWS Lightweight sensor This procedure can only be completed with 1 ASWS LW Calibration Kit 2 Connection to a PC running the Biral Sensor Interface Software or if this is not available terminal emulation software such as Windows amp Hyper TerminalTM using the serial data connector If you need help with this please do not hesitate to contact us contact details on page vi Note All commands should be terminated with Carriage Return and Line Feed lt crIf gt see Paragraph 1 3 e Calibration 97 Calibration Procedures MMH Section 5 38 STEP 1 CALIBRATION CHECK NOTES PLEASE READ THESE NOTES BEFORE CONTINUING The MOR Meteorological Optical Range or visibility values depend heavily on the location and prevailing weather conditions and should only be carried out with the sensor 1 MOUNTED OUTSIDE AND ON A CLEAR DAY VISIBILITY210KM 2 POWERED FOR AT LEAST 1 HOUR 3 NOT LOCATED NEAR AWALL OR OTHER OBSTRUCTION 4 NOT RECEIVING O
18. experience and knowledge have been incorporated into the SWS series We are confident that they will provide you with many years of accurate operation Features of the SWS Lightweight Sensor full date time stamp in data string provided by the real time onboard clock easy installation due to its light weight and small footprint low power consumption designed for intermittent battery operation identification of precipitation type as well as accumulation There are currently two sensors in the SWS Lightweight sensor range These are the SWS 100 LW and the SWS 200 LW Either of these can be supplied to be used with the Biral Ambient Light Sensor model ALS 2 Throughout this manual the term SWS LW Sensor is used to refer to features common to both these sensors Biral Customer Satisfaction At Biral we set our standards high and only your complete satisfaction is acceptable to us If you believe your experience has not met these standards we would be grateful if you would contact us so we can rectify any issues you may have equally if you have any positive experiences you would like to share After Sales Support Biral offers support by telephone and email for the lifetime of these sensors even if there has been a change of ownership so please get in touch if you require help Similarly if you have any questions about your new equipment we are only a mouse click or telephone call away Our contact detail
19. given by the UK CAA CAP 746 document or in the US the Federal Meteorological Handbook These definitions are given in the tables below Table 6 3 and Table 6 4 Note If a sensor is intended for installation in a country where the definitions of precipitation intensity differ from the U K definitions it is possible for the sensor to be produced with the appropriate definitions installed BIRAL must be informed of this requirement at the time of order UK Precipitation Definitions Drizzle Slight A trace to 0 26mm hour Moderate 0 26mm hour to 1 0 mm hour Heavy More than 1 0 mm hour Rain Slight A trace to 1 0 mm hour Moderate Greater than 1 0 mm hour to 3 99 mm hour Heavy More than 3 99mm hour Snow Slight Visibility greater than 800m Moderate Visibility between 400 and 800 meters Heavy Visibility less than 400 meters Table 6 3 UK Precipitation Intensity Definitions Based on CAA CAP 746 Requirements for Meteorological Observations at Aerodromes Automated Measurements 49 Biral Product Overview 50 Section 6 US Precipitation Definitions Drizzle Slight A trace to 0 01 inches 0 3 mm hour Moderate 0 01 inches 0 3mm to 0 02 inches 0 5 mm hour Heavy More than 0 02 inches 0 5 mm hour Rain Slight A trace to 0 10 inches 2 5 mm hour Moderate 0 10 to 0 30 inches 2 6 to 7 6 mm hour Heavy More than 0 30 inches
20. monthly intervals to verify that the instrument is still continuing to perform within the specification Paragraph 4 2 Self Test Codes describes the meaning of the self test codes provided in all the standard data messages It specifies what actions if any are required to restore the sensor to full operational capability 4 1 General Checks A general check of the physical condition of the sensor should be carried out at regular intervals Particular attention should be paid to the condition of the cable from the side of the unit It is suggested that this is carried out at least every three months in conjunction with window cleaning see 4 1 2 below 4 1 1 De mister Heaters fitted as standard to all sensors The window de misters are low powered heaters designed primarily to prevent condensation They maintain the temperature of the windows at a few degrees above ambient temperature The default setting is ON See section 1 4 5 for details The warmth may be detected with the finger on the window but is easier to detect using a thermometer with surface temperature probe The windows should be between 5 and 10 C above ambient temperature after at least 10 minutes operation Ensure that windows are cleaned after coming into contact with the skin NOTE The backscatter window on the main body of the SWS 200 LW sensor is not heated General _ 3l Biral Maintenance Procedures Section 4 41 2 Windo
21. oiii oboe ten rove rhe sebo boe tte 60 Index Biral Notes Notes 61
22. 0 00 0 20 STEP 8 Remove the foam plugs MOR gain Check STEP 9 Send the command RST lt crlf gt to restart the sensor Verify the response is STEP 10 If the sensor is operating in the polled mode send D command at 60 seconds intervals If the sensor is set to automatically output data then the sensor will output data every 60 seconds STEP 11 Wait for the fifth 5 data message from the sensor Verify that the forward scatter MOR located in 4 field is within 10 of the value assigned to the calibration reference plaque the value on the label attached to the plaque STEP 12 Send the command BB lt crlf gt Verify that the response value is within 20 of the value assigned to the calibration reference plaque STEP 13 Remove the calibration reference plaque from the sensor If the results of the calibration check have agreed with the value on the label attached to the calibration reference plaque re calibration is NOT required A re calibration is required ONLY if the MOR values are outside those on the calibration reference plaque AND the calibration check has been carried out ACCORDING TO THE CALIBRATION CHECK NOTES on page 38 Calibration Check 39 Biral Calibration Procedures Section 5 5 22 Sensor Re calibration RE CALIBRATING THE METEORO
23. 12 80 120 Back Receiver monitor Field 13 00 99 Transmitter Window Contamination Field 14 00 99 Not applicable in this check Field 15 00 99 Not applicable in this check Field 16 Temperature Field 17 3300 4200 ADC Interrupts per second Table 1 5 Remote maintenance check fields 20 STEP 6 Test and Commissioning Biral Section 1 Sensor Set up 1 6 Calibration Check The sensor is fully calibrated before it leaves Biral However if you would like to carry out a user confidence calibration check please follow the calibration check procedure in section 5 page 36 to ensure that the MOR value changes i e the sensor responds to changes in visibility THIS PROCEDURE CAN ONLY BE COMPLETED IF A SUITABLE SWS LW CALIBRATION KIT IS AVAILABLE CONGRATULATIONS YOUR SENSOR SHOULD NOW BE FULLY CONFIGURED TESTED AND INSTALLED READY FOR USE THE REMAINDER OF THIS MANUAL COVERS STANDARD DATA MESSAGES COMMANDS AND RESPONSES OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES CALIBRATION CHECK AND RE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE SENSOR DETAILS AND SPECIFICATIONS STEP 6 Test and Commissioning Standard Operating Data Section 2 2 STANDARD OPERATING DATA When in standard mode a data message will be output from the sensor every measurement period default 60 seconds When in polled m
24. 2 Not used A 4 A D Control signal error Bz1 EPROM checksum error 2 Non volatile memory checksum error 4 RAM error B 8 Register error 2 commanded OFF C 4 Receiver test in progress Ired OFF 8 Sensor power reset since last Command or any combination of these Field 3 Field 4 Field 5 Field 6 Field 7 Field 8 Field 9 Field 10 Field 11 Field 12 Field 13 Field 14 Field 15 Field 16 Field 17 Biral 2 450 2 550 9 00 36 00 11 5 14 0 4 5 5 5 11 5 14 0 0 00 6 00 0 00 6 00 85 105 80 120 80 120 00 99 00 99 00 99 3300 4200 Internal Reference voltage Supply Voltage Internal operating voltage Internal operating voltage Internal operating voltage Forward Scatter background brightness Backscatter background brightness not SWS 100 LW Transmitter power monitor Forward Receiver monitor Back Receiver monitor not SWS 100 LW Transmitter Window Contamination Not Used Not Used Temperature C ADC Interrupts per second Table 3 2 Command R Response Sensor Commands 29 Commands and Responses ATT Section 3 3 1 Command T Send Instrument Times Message Response aaaa bbbb ccccc dddd aaaa bbbb Measurement interval for each operational data message 10 to 300 seconds default 60 Auxiliary measurement sample period time between measurement of peripheral signals d
25. 4 8W if the Non Dew window heaters are used Pin Connections for RS232 Signal The sensors can only be operated with RS232 communications RS232 may be used up to 100 m but reliable communications cannot be guaranteed for more than 40 m The connections are as above 1 2 3 Connectors ALS 2 Option If the sensor is ordered with the option of the additional ambient light sensor ALS 2 the SWS LW sensor will have a second connector for the ALS 2 in the position shown in Figure 1 2 Cable Connectors This mates with the connector supplied on the ALS 2 cable as detailed below The connector used is military grade conforming to MIL C 24682 Series I Any connector fully compatible with MIL C 24682 may be used The actual type on this instrument is an STEP 2 Electrical Connections e Biral Section 1 Amphenol 62GB 57A10 07SN being a 7 way size 10 with socket inserts A suitable mating cable mounting plug is Amphenol 62GB 56T10 07PN The connections are as follows Pin Number Function A Power to ALS 2 Negative B Power to ALS 2 Positive RS232 Ground D RS232 Tx sensor output E RS232 Rx sensor input F N C G N C Table 1 2 ALS 2 Connections If the ALS 2 option has not been specified a blanking plug may be located in this position Biral STEP 2 Electrical Connections Sensor Set up Sensor Set up
26. 8 Instrument Characteristics 54 Instrument Characteristics Biral 6 9 Digital Communication Interface Communication Protocol Product Overview Function Details Interface Type RS232C Full Duplex Communication Parameters Function Details Baud Rates 1200 Baud to 57K6 Baud selectable Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 Flow Control None Message Termination CR LF Message Checksum Selectable Programmable Reporting Interval Response to poll or Automatic at programmable intervals e g 30 seconds to five minutes 1 minute typical Message Content nstrument Identification Number Programmable Reporting Interval seconds Meteorological Optical Range Kilometres Precipitation Type Obstruction to Vision Fog Haze None Precipitation Amount One Minute Interval Temperature Remote Self Test amp Monitoring Flags Date and time tags Table 6 9 Digital Communication Interface Specifications Digital Communication Interface 5 Product Overview _ 7 T Section 6 6 10 Sensor Remote Self Test Capabilities 56 Optical Source Power Transmitter Window Contamination Power Supply Voltages Non Volatile Memory Checksum Test EPROM Check Sum Test Restart Occurrence Sensor Sample Interrupt Verification RAM Read Write Verification Register Read Write Verification A D Control Signal T
27. Biral OPERATION and MAINTENANCE MANUAL SW Series Present Weather Sensors SWS 100 Lightweight SWS 200 Lightweight PROPRIETARY NOTICE The information contained in this manual including all illustrations drawings schematics and parts lists is proprietary to BIRAL It is provided for the sole purpose of aiding the buyer or user in operating and maintaining the instrument This information is not to be used for the manufacture or sale of similar items without written permission COPYRIGHT NOTICE No part of this manual may be reproduced without the express permission of BIRAL 2014 Bristol Industrial and Research Associates Limited BIRAL Biral Biral P Box 2 Portishead Bristol BS20 7JB UK Tel 44 0 1275 847787 Fax 44 0 1275 847303 Email info biral com www biral com Manual Number 106018 Revision 02B Biral 5 GENERAL INFORMATION Manual version e p rete t be edet etie ee 1 Contents so et ce cie e ee toe e ctt ia eie rie il lub lii deo bes true DE lii The sensors covered in this 00000000 0 000 ener ees iv Features of the SWS Lightweight sensors sssssessssssssssssssrssseesseressressressressressresse Customer satisfaction and After Sales Support vi Contactin
28. LOGICAL OPTICAL RANGE SHOULD ONLY BE CARRIED OUT IF THE SENSOR HAS FAILED A CORRECTLY PERFORMED USER CONFIDENCE CHECK WARNING ERRORS DURING THIS RE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE WILL CAUSE THE SENSOR TO GIVE INCORRECT DATA BEFORE CONTINUING ENSURE THAT THE SENSOR 1 IS MOUNTED OUTSIDE AND THAT VISIBILITY IS GREATER THAN 10KM 2 HAS BEEN IN CONTINUOUS OPERATION FOR AT LEAST 1 HOUR 3 WINDOWS ARE CLEAN 4 IS NOT LOCATED NEAR A WALL OR OTHER OBSTRUCTION 5 5 RECEIVING OPTICAL REFLECTIONS from surfaces or clothing Note All commands should be terminated with Carriage Return and Line Feed lt crIf gt see Paragraph 1 3 40 Sensor Re calibration Biral Section 5 STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6 STEP 7 STEP 8 STEP 9 Biral Calibration Procedures Set up the sensor with the calibration reference plaque in place see section 5 1 power to the sensor need not be removed Send command CO Sensor replies OK Send command CE Sensor replies CLEAN WINDOWS BLOCK FWD SCAT RCVR OPTICS BLOCK TRANSMITTER OPTICS BLOCK BK SCAT RCVR OPTICS not for the SWS 100 LW INSTALL REF STD ENTER FWD SCAT VALUE FORM XXX XX Fit the grey foam plugs supplied with the calibration kit against all three of the windows only two needed for the SWS 100 LW Enter Forward CAL value from the calibration plaque SWS 200 LW Only Sens
29. NAM EET E M EE AES 58 Index Of Figures Figure 1 1 SWS Lightweight in packing eee 2 Figure 1 2 Cable Contectors er ete edge eerte 3 Figure 1 3 SWS 100 LW Orientation 16 Figure 1 4 SWS 200 LW Orientation eese nennen 16 Figure 1 5 U Bolt Mounting Method eese 17 Figure 4 1 Transmitter hood with white 35 Figure 5 1 Calibration Plaque Mounting Details eee 37 Figure 6 1 External Dimensions of SWS LW Sensors see 57 Index Of Tables Table 1 1 Signal and Power Connections esee 4 Table 1 2 ALS 2 Connections e a a 5 Table 1 3 Options Word lower 8 Table 1 4 Recommended Sensor Height above Ground sess 15 Table 1 5 Remote maintenance check 105 20 Table 2 1 SWS 100 LW Operating data message 23 Table 2 2 SWS 200 LW Operating data message 25 Table 2 3 Message Extension for 8 2 26 Table 3 1 Commands for SWS Lightweight Series of Sensors 28 Table 3 2 Command R Response 29 Table 3 3 Command T Response 30 Table 3 4 Sensor Respotises erae rente be eterne pepe e tke een 30 Table 6 1 Visibility Measurem
30. ONLY BE COMPLETED IF A SUITABLE SWS LW CALIBRATION KIT AND PC ARE AVAILABLE Biral STEP 3 Equipment Test Sensor Set up Section 1 14 STEP 4 Configuration Options There are a number of configuration options available for the user to select Two options date and time enable and checksum enable are set using a configuration byte of the Options Word detailed in sections 1 4 1 to 1 4 3 The remaining options are set using a configuration byte of the Operating State word These are set directly using commands starting with OS Each of these is detailed below in sections 1 4 5 to 1 4 6 1 4 1 Options Word The options word consists of two bytes Their current values can be determined by sending the OP command The reply will be as follows aaaaaaaa bbbbbbbb The upper byte aaaaaaaa is used to set internal operating parameters and should not be changed It will in general be 00000000 For the lower byte a value is entered as a binary number 175 and 0 Leading 0 s in the value need not be entered The value is stored in non volatile memory and the operating configuration when power is applied is that set by the last entered options word The definition of each bit of this byte is shown below Table 1 3 Note the first bit is bit 8 the last bit being bit 1 Each bit of the lower byte of the Options Word is defined
31. PTICAL REFLECTIONS FROM SURFACES OR CLOTHING Clean all windows on the sensor using pure alcohol propanol and soft cloth or tissue preferably lens tissue Check the cleanliness using a portable light if possible Step 1 may not be necessary if checking or commissioning a new sensor STEP 2 Attach the calibration reference plaque to the sensor as shown in Figure 5 1 power to the sensor need not be removed Do not stand close to the sensor during calibration as reflections may cause errors in the reported values MOR Zero Check STEP 3 Insert GREY FOAM PLUGS in the front of each window blocking out all light There are 3 foam plugs top left in the calibration case only 2 are needed for the SWS 100 LW STEP 4 Send the command RST lt crlf gt Verify the response STEP 5 If the sensor is operating in the polled mode send the D command at 60 seconds intervals If the sensor is set to automatically output data then the sensor will output data every 60 seconds Calibration Check z Biral Section 5 Calibration Procedures STEP 6 Wait for the fifth 5 data message from the sensor Verify that the forward scatter MOR located in Ar field is the maximum range set for the sensor under test STEP 7 SWS 200 LW Only Send the command BB lt crlf gt Verify that the response value is 00
32. a sanos esee tete 31 4 1 General Checks E AE ER oir 31 4 2 Selt Test etre tercer 32 4 3 User Confidence Checks 02 2 4 42 1 6 34 CALIBRATION see 36 5 1 Calibration Check bet 37 5 2 Sensor Re calibration eese 0 60000 senken titer etes 40 5 3 Precipitation Amount Calibration essere 43 PRODUCT OVERYVYVIEW 5 ta Po oe a Un pn 44 6 1 SWS LW Present Weather 44 6 2 Instrument Components eese ener nennen nennen 45 6 3 CGeSSOFIG Ss 45 6 4 Sensor Features n e eese retener 45 6 5 Present Weather eene nennen 46 6 6 Automated 46 6 7 6 8 6 9 6 10 6 11 7 INDEX Sensor Specifications e n oe tr dec eae died ee 52 Instrument Characteristics nrs inienn ei o nennen nennen 53 Digital Communication Interface 55 Sensor Remote Self Test Capabilities eee 56 SWS Lightweight external dimensions eee 57 T
33. and Function Response 100 200 Send accumulated precipitation message XXX XX A Accumulated precipitation in mm XXXX X y Accumulation time in minutes XXXX AC Clear accumulated precipitation OK Send instantaneous value of backscatter n 4 BL Send of Total EXCO m less precipitation particle component BT Send instantaneous value of Total EXCO Perform precipitation amount calibration CA S 5 3 Calibration must be enabled CODES Perform both forward scatter and CE backscatter Not SWS 100 LW EXCO See para 5 2 calibration Calibration must be enabled CO Enable calibration OK Disable calibration OK Send latest data message See section 2 y y Set instrument identification number IDx displayed in data message OK y y Range x 1 to 999 Default 1 Check Option Word configuration See para 1 4 1 y y OPxxxxxxxx Set configuration options See para 1 4 1 OK y y OSAM Check automatic message setting See para 1 4 5 y y OSAMx Set automatic message setting para 1 4 5 OK y y OSWH Check window heater setting See para 1 4 6 y y OSWHx Set window heater setting See para 1 4 6 OK y y 27 Sensor Commands Commands and Responses Section 3 Applicability SWS Command Function Response 100 200 PV Send program version message SI x
34. as follows bbbbbbbb Bit 1 1 Add Date and Time to the start of the data message 0 No Date and Time at the start of the data message Bit2 Not used Bit3 0 Use temperature sensor value in PW determination This bit should not be changed Bit 4 Not used Bit 5 Not used Bit 6 1 Add a checksum character to all sensor output messages 0 Don t add checksum character to all sensor output messages Bit 7 0 Adjust MOR values in data messages for measured transmitter window contamination This bit should not be changed Bit 8 Not used Table 1 3 Options Word lower byte 8 STEP 4 Configuration Options z Sectional Sensor Set up To set this word send command CO to enable changes and then command OP00a0000b to set the Option Word as required For example send OP100000 to enable the checksum with no date and time stamp Bit 1 Date and Time Stamp enable and Bit 6 Checksum enable are the only bits which may be set to 1 by the user All other bits MUST be left at 0 for correct sensor operation The functions controlled by this byte are detailed in sections 1 4 2 to 1 4 3 The Default setting 00000000 1 4 3 Date and Time Stamp in data string By default the date and time stamp is not included at the start of the data string This is controlled by the Options Word setting see Table 1 3 Options Word lower byte To enable Date and Time stamp The s
35. d feature EMI filters are present on the power and lines entering the power control subsystem It is essential to connect the sensor to earth ground for maximum protection of the instrument In addition if relays are in use and are required to switch mains voltages protective earth bonding will be required to conform with national and local installation safety requirements The following notes are intended to provide some guidance in the design and construction of an electrical grounding system 1 Ground Rod An eight foot ground rod should be used to make contact with moist soil during even the driest periods 2 Lead Lengths No 6 AWG solid copper wire should be used to connect the instrument and thus the transient voltage suppressers to the ground rod Use the shortest and most direct paths to the ground Simply connect the ground lead to the grounding screw provided on the front of the lower mounting flange of the instrument 3 System Interconnections Eliminate all isolated ground loops The shield of the signal output cable for example should be attached only at one end of the cable and left floating at the other end Preferably it should be attached to ground at the sensor end of the signal cable 4 Connections Use tight corrosion proof bare metal connections throughout the grounding system STEP 5 Installation Section 1 Sensor Set up 16 STEP 6
36. detailed in paragraph 3 1 1 Most Significant Character Sensor Reset Flag This will be set to X on start up It will only be set to following receipt of an command If it subsequently is set to X this is an indication that a fault such as power interruption has caused the processor to reset This is generally of no importance but may assist in the diagnosis of any other problem which may have occurred previously 4 2 2 Central Character Window Contamination 32 All SWS LW sensors have monitoring of contamination on the transmitter window The processor compensates the visibility reading to allow for this contamination and also checks the contamination figure against a value of either 10 default value or 30 This Self test code can be one of three characters O X or F dependent on the contamination reading received These have the following meaning Self Test Codes z Section 4 ex p NOTE Maintenance Procedures Window contamination is less than 1096 Default value can be adjusted by the user see command WTx paragraph 3 1 No action required Window contamination warning The window contamination is between 10 and 3096 The visibility reading provided is corrected utilising this contamination figure but it is recommended that the windows are cleaned at the earliest possible opportunity Window contamination fault The window contamination is
37. ensor can be configured to generate messages with the date and time string by setting the least significant bit in the options word Step 1 Send the command CO Step 2 Send the command OPI Note to enable checksum and time date stamp send OP100001 PLEASE BE EXTREMELY CAREFUL IN SETTING THE CORRECT BIT IN STEP 2 AS SETTING THE WRONG BIT WILL RESULT IN THE SENSOR FUNCTIONING INCORRECTLY Biral To check the setting of the options word send the command OP The sensor should respond 00000000 00000001 To disable Date and Time stamp To disable the date and time stamp send the command OPO in step 2 above To read the current Date and Time Send the command TR The sensor will respond with the date time message e g FRIDAY 19 12 14 13 15 25 000 STEP 4 Configuration Options 9 Sensor Set up Section 1 10 STEP 4 Configuration Options Note the final 000 is a time calibration figure set during final test To set the current Date and Time There are two commands required to set the current date and time SD sets the real time clock date The format of the command is c2 SDWDDMMYY where W is the day of the week 1 7 with Sunday being 7 DD is the date 01 31 MM isthe month 01 12 YY is the year 00 99 The sensor will respond with OK 96S T sets the real time cl
38. ent Capabilities eee 47 Table 6 2 Precipitation Measurement Capabilities see 48 Table 6 3 UK Precipitation Intensity 49 Table 6 4 US Precipitation Intensity 50 Table 6 5 SWS 100 LW WMO 50 Table 6 6 SWS 200 LW WMO 51 Table 6 7 Sensor 5 53 Table 6 8 Instrument Characteristics eese 54 Table 6 9 Digital Communication Interface Specifications sss 55 Biral iii General Information The sensors covered in this manual are as follows Sensor Model Capability SWS 100 LW Visibility Precipitation type identification SWS 200 LW Visibility Precipitation type identification This model has an extra backscatter receiver for Rain rate Snowfall rate Precipitation accumulation Biral PATENT COVERAGE The Present Weather Measurement Techniques are protected by the following Patents U S Patent No 4 613 938 Canadian Patent No 1 229 240 German Patent No 3 590 723 RoHS C Thank you for choosing Biral as your supplier of present weather sensors A great deal of time has been invested at Biral to offer the best combination of sensor performance and value and almost three decades of
39. est A D Conversion Accuracy Check Input Voltage Check Forward Scatter Background Illumination Level Back Scatter Background Illumination Level Sensor Remote Self Test Biral 6 Product Overview 6 11 SWS Lightweight external dimensions egli de i Y ET h e Oo 9 a 293 730 1 59 T la 23 Dimensions in mm Figure 6 1 External Dimensions of SWS LW Sensors Sensor Dimensions 37 Biral section 7 7 INDEX A ACCESSORIES Calibration ARES tec 45 Mains Adapter 45 Power Signal Cables 45 SALES SUPPORT 5 a Einer e eo AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR ALS 22 Ye EG Edi ic 4 Data Message Extension ane 26 B BAGKSCATTER REGBIVER 7 nh nin Hn ERE ER SEE UE CREE OCA RESTER aaa hee elas 35 36 45 BAUD RATE e suec tcs ee Ee EO MU ee 6 13 19 BIRAL SENSOR INTERFACE SOFTWARE 1 6 19 34 37 C CABLES ecciesie RU Ee Power and Signal Cables 1 Calibration Certificate tetas deh RED has aed m ee de ea DDR
40. g Biral e e ER D e RET a eee vi TWO year Warranty ceo Ret eee AR LE AS vii If you need to return the enne ene vii CE Certification safety eee Ip vii 55 ose v oio 1 1 1 STEP 1 Unpacking the 2 1 2 STEP 2 Electrical Connections eese eene nenne 3 1 3 STEP 3 Equipment Test erede oret eorr 6 1 4 STEP 4 Configuration Options eese ener 8 1 5 STEP S Installation 52 2 elici eee beni DD 14 1 6 STEP 6 Test And Commissioning eese 19 STANDARD OPERATING DATA ases esee tete tasa seas ee 22 2 1 Standard Operating Data Message for the SWS 100 LW 22 2 2 Standard Operating Data Message for the SWS 200 24 2 3 Data Message Variations For ALS eseseeeeeeeeeeee 26 COMMANDS AND 5 8 27 3 1 Sensor 5 2 2 e eaa 27 3 2 Sensor 502 eee rei 0 30 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES eene eee ee ee ett
41. g Method a calibration plaque mounting plate is shown attached to the top U bolt mounting This is only required if calibration is to be checked using the optional calibration assembly see section 5 Calibration Procedures aie STEP 5 Installation 17 Biral Sensor Set up Section 1 On a wall The sensor can be bolted directly to a flat surface using the four mounting holes provided Every effort should be made to ensure that the mounting surface has minimal effect on the air flow and the precipitation flow through the sample volume Even if mounted at the top of a wall the airflow will be restricted reducing the accuracy of the sensor in certain atmospheric conditions 1 5 5 Electrical Grounding 18 Possible instrument failure can result from the damaging effects of over voltage transients induced on the power line and the signal distribution lines Destruction of sensitive components can result from unprotected lines or instrument failure may occur over a long period of time due to slow device degradation Destructive over volt transients can occur in many Ways e g lightning induced transients AC power line transients and EMI RFI electromagnetic noise The power control subsystem of the sensor contains transient surge arrestors on all power and signal lines as a standar
42. hen fog 30 is indicated in the output message If the MOR is between 1 and 10 km then haze 04 is indicated in the output message If MOR is greater than 10 km no obstruction to vision 15 indicated Visibility Measurements Function Details Selectable from the following options at time of order 10 to 2Km 10m to 10Km Meteorological Optical 10m to 20Km Range MOR 10m to 32Km 10m to 50Km 10m to 75Km Other ranges between 10m and 75Km by special request Better than 4 5 for MOR of 600m Better than 5 for MOR of 1500m Accuracy Better than 5 1 for MOR of 2Km Better than 12 5 for MOR of 15Km Better than 20 for MOR of 30Km 1 Identifies Fog or Haze Precipitation Absent bstruction to vision ES 2 Identifies Fog in Presence of Precipitation Table 6 1 Visibility Measurement Capabilities Automated Measurements 47 Product Overview Section 6 Precipitation Obstruction to Vision Measurements Function Details a Liquid Precipitation Minimum Detection Limit 0 00025 mm min 0 00001 in min 0 015 mm hr 0 00060 in hr b Snow H50 Equivalent Minimum Detection Limit 0 000025 mm min 0 000001 in min 0 0015 mm hr 0 000060 in hr Identification Intensity SWS 200 LW only Drizzle Light Moderate Heavy Rain Light Moderate Heavy Snow Light Moderate Heavy Hail Precipitation rate Rain Up to 500 mm hr 20 in
43. hr Snow Rain Equivalent up to 500 mm hr 20 in hr Obstruction to vision Haze Fog Table 6 2 Precipitation Measurement Capabilities In the presence of precipitation the sensor software measures the fraction of the atmospheric extinction coefficient due to precipitation and subtracts it from the total extinction coefficient to obtain a quantity we have named EXCO EVENTS If the value of EXCO EVENTS is greater than 3 00 then fog is declared to be present in addition to the precipitation as an obstruction to vision 48 Automated Measurements Biral Section 6 Product Overview 6 6 3 Precipitation Measurements The sensor identifies three forms of precipitation namely drizzle rain and snow AII forms of frozen precipitation are classified as snow Detection of the onset of precipitation is extremely sensitive being 0 00025 mm per minute for rain and approximately 0 000025 water equivalent mm per minute for snow Intensity of precipitation may be defined differently from one country to another In both the United States and the United Kingdom the intensity of precipitation is defined differently for drizzle and rain than for snow For drizzle and rain the intensity slight moderate and heavy is based on the rate of fall of precipitation For snow the intensity is based on visual range In classifying precipitation intensity the sensor utilises the precise definitions
44. k Interval 6 months Typical Clean Windows Interval 3 months Remote Self Test Monitoring Included Table 6 7 Sensor Specifications 6 8 Instrument Characteristics Physical Function Details Scattering Angle Coverage 39 to 51 Sample Volume 400 cm Weight 2 7Kg 3 2Kg with pole mounting kit Length 0 73 m Light Source Function Details Type IRED Central Wavelength 0 85um Bandwidth 0 04 Lifetime gt 10 years Modulation Frequency 2000 Hz Detector Function Details Type Photovoltaic Silicon Response Silicon Filter Bandwidth 0 08um at 0 85um Instrument Biral Product Overview Temperature Sensor Section 6 Function Details Type Circuit mounted IC Range 60 C to 100 C Power Requirements Function Details Power Source Voltage 9V to 36V DC 24 typical Power Source Wattage 2 0 W Additional Power for No Dew Window Heaters 1 7W Additional Power for ALS 2 Option 1 2 W no window heater 2 W with window heater Environmental Function Details Operating Temperature Range 40 C to 60 Altitude 0 to 20 000 ft Precipitation weather Humidity 0 to 100 Protection Rating 66 67 CE Certified y EMC Compliant EN61326 1997 1998 2001 RoHS and WEE Compliance Table 6
45. k which method is programmed send the message OSAM The sensor will send the reply 00 Automatic message transmission disabled 01 Automatic message transmission enabled To set the sensor to the required automatic message setting send the message OSAMx Where x is 0 Automatic message transmission disabled Automatic message transmission enabled The sensor will respond with OK 1 4 6 Window heater operating setting The sensor can be set to have the window heaters disabled permanently enabled or for them to be controlled according to contamination levels The default setting is for window heaters enabled and on To check which configuration is programmed send the message OSWH The sensor will send the reply 00 Window heaters disabled 01 2 Window heaters enabled and on 02 Window heaters enabled and controlled according to contamination levels To set the sensor to the required window heater configuration send the message OSWHx Where x is 0 Window heaters disabled 1 Window heaters enabled and on 2 Window heaters enabled and controlled according to contamination levels The sensor will respond with OK Note The SWS 200 LW does not have a heated window on the backscatter head STEP 4 Configuration Options z Section 1 Sensor Set up 1 4 Baud Rate Configuration Biral Default communication parameters are 9600 Baud 8 data bi
46. m This is the averaged value BB BBB Amount of water in precipitation in last measurement period mm CC Present weather codes From WMO Table 4680 Automatic Weather Station XX Not Ready first 5 measurement periods from restart 00 No Significant weather observed 04 Haze or smoke 30 Fog 40 Indeterminate precipitation type 51 Light Drizzle 52 Moderate Drizzle 53 Heavy Drizzle 61 Light Rain 62 Moderate Rain 63 Heavy Rain 71 Light Snow 72 Moderate Snow 73 Heavy Snow 89 Hail DD D C Temperature C EE EE KM Meteorological Optical Range km This is the instantaneous value 24 Standard Operating Data Message for the SWS 200 LW Biral Section 2 Standard Operating Data MESSAGE MEANING FFF Self test and Monitoring see section 4 2 FFF other self test values OK X other self test faults exist windows not contaminated X window contamination warning cleaning recommended F Window contamination fault cleaning required O sensor not reset since last R command X sensor reset since last command If selected this will be the checksum character The checksum is off by sehe default Table 2 2 SWS 200 LW Operating data message format A typical data message from an SWS 200 LW sensor is as follows Biral W 8200 001 060 00 13 KM 00 000 30 24 5 C 00 13 Standard Operating Data Message for the SWS 200 LW 25 Standard Ope
47. m any possible sources of pollutants for example car exhausts air conditioning outlets etc Particulates entering the sensor s sample volume will cause errors in the reported visibility measurements Reflected Light Care should be taken to ensure that the sensor is situated away from any causes of reflected light for example walls trees and people etc Reflected light entering the sensor s optics will cause errors in the reported visibility measurements Air flow Care should be taken to ensure that the sensor is situated away from objects that disrupt the normal flow of air to and through the sensor sampling volume for example walls trees and other equipment etc Interference In addition to the above mentioned natural effects that may influence the performance of the sensor due regard should also be given to radiated electrical interference Sources of potential interference include radio antennas and radiated transients from high voltage plant located near to the sensor installation 4 STEP 5 Installation 2 Section 1 Sensor Set up 15 2 Height Above Ground The optimum height at which to mount the sensor depends on the application The table below shows recommended heights Application Typical height Comment Highway fog warning systems 1 5 to 2 meters Recommended height for the 4 9 to 6 6 feet sensor sample volume is the average dista
48. n precipitation e g rain drizzle snow snow pellets snow grains ice pellets formerly sleet and hail and 2 those suspended particles that are classed as obstructions to vision namely mist fog haze dust and smoke 6 6 Automated Measurements 6 6 1 46 General These sensors utilise microprocessor technology to perform automatic visibility precipitation and temperature measurements The standard version is DC powered however a mains converter is also available Patented techniques are employed to identify precipitation and to determine the presence of fog during episodes of precipitation Present Weather Definition Automated Measurements Biral Section 6 Product Overview 6 6 2 Visibility Related Measurements The measurement capabilities of the sensor are summarised in Table 6 1 Visibility Measurement Capabilities Determination of visual range is based on measurements of the atmospheric extinction coefficient EXCO Note that EXCO includes the attenuating effects of both suspended particles and precipitating particles Meteorological optical range MOR is determined by application of the standard relation MOR 3 00 EXCO Haze and fog are the two most common forms of obstructions to vision In the absence of precipitation the sensor determines the presence of haze or fog based on the MOR If the MOR is less than 1 km t
49. nce of a vehicle driver s eyes above the roadway Airport applications 4 3 meters 14 feet This is the standard height for above the runway visibility sensors in the U S This height may differ in other countries General meteorological 1 8 meters 6 feet This is a suitable height unless the particular application dictates otherwise Table 1 4 Recommended Sensor Height above Ground 1 5 3 Orientation of the SWS LW Sensor Biral The orientation of the sensor heads should be such that the rising or setting sun does not appear in the field of view of the receiver lenses It is desirable to avoid sunlight from flooding the receiver optics and to avoid sunlight induced noise spikes from creating false precipitation counts although false alarm algorithms in the sensors invariably eliminate such false counts The recommended orientation is shown in the following two diagrams Figure 1 3 and Figure 1 4 For the SW 100 LW sensor the optimum position is with the receiver head pointing directly due North For the SWS 200 LW the optimum position is with the forward scatter receiver and the back scatter receiver oriented equally either side of due North This is with the backscatter head pointing 34 East of North STEP 5 Installation 15 Sensor Set up RR Section 1 For sensors located in the Southern hemisphere 180 should be added to the above directions That is
50. nt Eiglit Sensor BED E COR OE SIR 5 Sienal nd eger UD NERA BAN TER US RAS 4 58 hndey Section 7 JIndex ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATION c cccsssccessssccesssececsseecesssecessseeccessecesssseccesseeceesseeeesssecceseeceesseeeesssesensaees 54 EQUIPMENT TEST eter terere hee ende duties tas yere tera ee cen e iere de ve etr bed 6 HEATERS i E Sees seul irt et b cse E EA Window heaters de misters I IDENTIFICATION NUMBER 5 266 dues beue er aeea 22 24 27 INSTALLATION Electrical Grounding Height Above Ground Montin Ers eet ERE EM pee re oed Orientation me Siting Considerations ont n dto m e prendo dia davies Wen ener 14 EE 54 MAINS ADAPTER 25 rat HC to HR OO DO EDO MAINTENANCE General Checks Window Cleaning 2 ote eee dee ete eee Window Heaters v Self Test Codes M X User Contiden ce E E Re e RE RR IRE SEU eode 34
51. nts for CE marking Once installed it is the user s responsibility to ensure that all connections made to the sensor comply with all Local and National safety requirements vil Biral Section 1 Sensor Set up 1 SENSOR SET UP The format of this section is such that it logically follows these recommended procedural steps Step 1 Unpack equipment and ensure that all required parts are supplied and identified Step 2 Make electrical connection as required for testing and configuration Step 3 Power up and test equipment on bench Step 4 Configure equipment as required for site installation Step 5 Installation including siting considerations height orientation mounting and electrical grounding Step 6 Carry out commissioning test procedure NOTE Many of the tests specified within this manual require the use of a PC or equivalent To achieve the two way serial communication required Biral recommends the use of a PC running the Biral Sensor Interface Software If this software is not available use a terminal program for example Windows Hyper Terminal M The Sensor Interface Software is available from our website www Biral com or contact Biral at Info Biral com Sensor Set up 1 Sensor Set up Section 1 1 1 STEP 1 Unpacking the sensor The sensor is packed in a foam filled shipping container and is fully assembled ready for use The sensor is delive
52. ock time The format of the command is STHHMMSS where HH is the hours in 24 hour clock 00 23 MM is the minutes 00 59 SS is the seconds 00 59 The sensor will respond with OK 1 4 3 Checksum to verify message A checksum byte can be included with messages sent by the sensor to verify that noise in the communications link has not changed the message Generally noise is not a problem and checksum verification is not required This is controlled by the Options Word setting see Table 1 3 Options Word lower byte By default the sensor is configured at the factory with checksum DISABLED To enable checksum The sensor can be configured to generate messages with a checksum byte by setting the sixth bit in the options word Step 1 Send the command CO Step 2 Send the command OP100000 Biral Section 1 Sensor Set up Note to enable checksum and time date stamp send OP100001 PLEASE BE EXTREMELY CAREFUL IN SETTING THE CORRECT BIT IN STEP 2 AS SETTING THE WRONG BIT WILL RESULT IN THE SENSOR FUNCTIONING INCORRECTLY To check the setting of the options word send the command OP The sensor should respond 00000000 00100000M NB M is the checksum character To disable checksum To disable the checksum send the command OPO in step 2 above The checksum character is positioned after the message and before the end characters lt crlf gt The check
53. ode the same message is output only in response to the D command The operating mode is checked by sending command OSAM The standard mode default is selected if the response 15 01 If the response is 00 the polled mode is selected Instructions for setting this configuration are provided in paragraph 1 4 5 page 12 Note All responses from the sensor are appended with carriage return and line feed characters lt crlf gt see paragraph 1 3 21 Standard Operating Data Message for the SWS 100 LW The data message format is lt Date gt lt Time gt SWS100 NNN XXX AA AA KM BB BBB CC DD D C EE EE KM FFF lt cs gt lt crlf gt MESSAGE MEANING lt Date gt Optional Date string in the form DD MM YY lt Time gt Optional Time string in the form HH MM SS SWS100 SWS 100 message prefix NNN Instrument identification number set by the user XXX Averaging Time period in seconds KM Meteorological Optical Range km This is the averaged value BB BBB Not used in SWS 100 LW Set to 99 999 2 Standard Operating Data Message for SWS 100 LW Biral Section 2 Standard Operating Data MESSAGE MEANING CC Present weather codes From WMO Table 4680 Automatic Weather Station XX Not Ready first 5 measurement periods from restart 00 No Significant weather observed 04 Haze or smoke 30 Fog
54. or replies ENTER BACK SCAT VALUE FORM XXX XX Enter Backscatter CAL value from the calibration reference plaque Sensor replies CAL IN PROGRESS Wait for approximately 2 minutes Sensor replies REMOVE OPTICS BLOCKS ENTER OK Remove grey foam plugs from all windows and send text OK Sensor replies CAL CONTINUES Wait for approximately 2 minutes Sensor replies Sensor Re calibration 41 Calibration Procedures Section 5 42 STEP 10 STEP 11 STEP 12 STEP 13 CAL COMPLETE REMOVE REF STD Note Do not remove the calibration reference plaque at this point Wait for the third data message to be received at the PC Note the forward scatter MOR located in 4 field in the sensor data message Send the BB Command and note the value If the MOR reported is the same as the MOR value of the plaque 0 01 and the response to the BB command is within 596 of the Backscatter calibration value of the plaque then the sensor is within its calibration limits The sensor can be returned to its operational configuration with confidence Sensor Re calibration Biral Section 5 Calibration Procedures 5 3 Precipitation Amount Calibration Note All commands should be terminated with Carriage Return and Line Feed
55. ram for example Windows Hyper Terminal It is suggested that these should be carried out at least every year to provide continuing confidence in the correct operation of the system 4 3 1 MOR Calibration Check If you wish to carry out a user confidence calibration check please follow the calibration check procedure in section 5 page 36 to ensure that the MOR value changes ie the sensor responds to changes in visibility THIS PROCEDURE CAN ONLY BE COMPLETED IF A SUITABLE SWS LW CALIBRATION KIT AND PC ARE AVAILABLE 4 3 0 Window Monitor Checks The SWS Lightweight sensors monitor the transmitter window for contamination The values measured are used to adjust the MOR value and are also used to determine when the windows should be cleaned The performance of the monitoring circuits can be checked by the following procedures Transmitter Window Monitor Step 1 Clean the transmitter window Step 2 Send the command Step 3 Verify that the Transmitter Window Contamination field value is 00 to 02 Step 4 Insert a white card or paper in the transmitter hood that blocks and almost touches the window see Figure 4 1 Transmitter hood with white card Step 5 Send the command R Step 6 Verify that the Transmitter Window Contamination field value is much greater than 10 eg 99 34 User Confidence Checks z Biral Section 4
56. rating Data Section 2 2 3 Data Message Variations For ALS For SWS LW sensors fitted with an Ambient Light Sensor the data output strings are identical to the standard message with the following appended to the message prior to the optional checksum cs and the carriage return and line feed lt crlf gt ALS ZAAAAA BBB Message Meaning ALS ALS data message prefix ALS Signal 1 minute averaged value cd m BBB ALS Self Test and Monitoring see section 4 2 Other self test values OK X Other self test fault exists O z Window not contaminated X Window contaminated cleaning recommended required F Window contaminated fault S Sensor input saturated Sensor not reset since last command X Sensor reset since last command Table 2 3 Message Extension for ALS 2 A typical data message from an SWS 200 LW sensor with an ALS 2 is as follows W 8200 001 060 00 13 KM 00 000 30 24 5 C 00 13 KM XOO ALS 00118 000 6 Datta Message Variations for ALS gt Section 3 3 COMMANDS AND RESPONSES 3 1 Sensor Commands NOTE All commands should be terminated with Carriage Return and Line Feed lt crlf gt see paragraph 1 3 Commands and Responses Applicability SWS Comm
57. red with U bolts for pole mounting Documentation Other optional items you may have ordered Figure 1 1 SWS Lightweight in packing Other optional components vou have ordered Calibration Kit The calibration kit in a protective carrying case containing a calibration screen mounting arm and connector referred to as the calibration reference plaque when assembled 3 grey foam plugs see section 5 Calibration Procedures for application and a calibration arm mounting bracket Mains Adapter A mains adapter to operate the sensor using mains power Power and Signal Cable Power and signal data cable if you are not supplying this yourself The length must be specified at time of order Calibration Arm mounting Bracket This bracket is used when a field calibration of the sensor is required STEP 1 Unpacking the sensor 2 Biral Section 1 ASA Sensor Set up 1 2 STEP2 Electrical Connections ALL ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS SHOULD BE COMPLETED BEFORE APPLYING POWER TO THE SENSOR 1 2 4 Cables Unless purchased as an option the sensor is not supplied with a cable For the power and data cable we recommend you use screened twisted pair cables in a suitable outdoor EMC and UV resistant jacket Screens should be earthed by the customers 24AWG stranded 7 32 or solid wires or equivalent are ideal for the low power requirement
58. s are provided below NB For your convenience our contact details are also on the label fixed to your sensor Contacting Biral If you would like technical assistance advice or you have any queries regarding the operation of the sensor please do not hesitate to contact us For enquiries and technical support Contact us by telephone on 44 0 1275 847787 Contact us by fax 44 0 1275 847303 Contact us by e mail at service biral com Biral Two year warranty The SWS L W Present Weather Sensors come with a two year limited warranty against defective materials and workmanship If you have any questions about the warranty please contact Biral In order to help us to assist you please be sure to include the following information Model of equipment Serial number of equipment Nature of defect A Your full name address and contact details Relevant application details and data output Responses to R command If you need to return the sensor The SWS LW sensors should give you many years of trouble free service but in the unlikely event that the equipment proves to be faulty and we have asked you to return the sensor to us please address the equipment to BIRAL Unit 8 Harbour Road Trading Estate Portishead Bristol BS20 7BL UNITED KINGDOM NOTE the customer is responsible for the shipping costs CE Certification Safety Biral s SWS LW sensors comply with the requireme
59. s much greater than 00 06 Biral User Confidence Checks 35 Calibration Procedures Section 5 S CALIBRATION PROCEDURES This section explains how to CHECK the calibration of the sensor and ONLY IF NECESSARY how to recalibrate it ALL THE PROCEDURES IN THIS SECTION REQUIRE A SWS LW CALIBRATION KIT The Meteorological Optical Range MOR calibration of the forward scatter channel and the backscatter channel are checked by the procedure outlined below The Calibration Reference Plaque used for the calibration check has been assigned a forward scatter value which is a simulation of a MOR expressed in kilometres This value is shown on the label on the black plastic connector which attaches the arm to the calibration screen The SWS Lightweight plaque also has a backscatter value which although it also is expressed in kilometres is an artificial value assigned only for the purpose of checking that the sensitivity of the backscatter channel is within its proper limits The SWS Lightweight sensor requires a calibration plaque mounting bracket to be attached to the support pole using the upper sensor U Bolt mounting This bracket is supplied with the calibration kit but can be supplied separately if more than one sensor is to be calibrated using a single calibration kit This bracket is shown in place in Figure 5 1 Calibration Plaque Mounting Details round calibration screen should first be attached to the
60. s of the system Note For RS232 data configuration cable lengths above 6m will not work reliably at high baud rates It is strongly recommended that baud rates no higher than 4800 are used for cable lengths up to 25m 1 2 2 Connector Standard A Power and Data connector is fitted to the sensor This carries power to the sensor and the two way digital signals between the sensor and the host processor ALS 2 Connector Blanking Plug Power and Data Connector Figure 1 2 Cable Connectors STEP 2 Electrical Connections 3 Biral Sensor Set up Section 1 The Power and Data connector is military grade conforming to MIL C 24682 Series I Any connector fully compatible with MIL C 24682 may be used The connector used is an Amphenol type 62GB 57A12 10PN A suitable mating cable mounting plug is Amphenol 62GB 56T12 10SN being 10 way size 12 with socket inserts connections are as follows Pin Number Function A N C B N C C Signal Ground D RS232 Tx sensor output E Signal Ground F RS232 Rx sensor input G N C H N C J Power Negative K Power Positive Table 1 1 Signal and Power Connections Connecting the power supply models in this range require an input voltage supply between 9 and 36V DC This is typically 24V DC supply at 3 1W This will rise to
61. sum value is between 0 and 127 and is the sum modulo 128 the remainder after the sum is divided by 128 of all the ASCII values of the characters in the message except the end characters The checksum value is replaced by its bit wise complement if it happens to be any of the following ASCII 8 backspace ASCII 10 linefeed ASCII 13 carriage return ASCI 17 through ASCII 20 through DC4 or ASCII 33 exclamation point For Message Cm lt cksum gt lt crlf gt The calculation is as follows n l cksum gt 5 2 IF cksum 8 THEN lt cksum gt 119 IF lt cksum gt 10 THEN lt cksum gt 117 IF lt cksum gt 13 THEN lt cksum gt 114 IF lt cksum gt 17 THEN lt cksum gt 110 IF lt cksum gt 18 THEN lt cksum gt 109 IF lt cksum gt 19 THEN lt cksum gt 108 IF lt cksum gt 20 THEN lt cksum gt 107 IF lt cksum gt 33 THEN cksum 94 z STEP 4 Configuration Options Sensor Set up Section 1 12 1 44 Communications Configuration The SWS LW sensors use RS232C signal level voltages only 1 4 5 Automatic message setting The sensor can be set to send a data message automatically after each data collection period or to send a data message only when requested polled sensor The default setting is for automatic data transmission To chec
62. t 1 stop bit no parity and no flow control The baud rate may be changed if required as follows Send B Number Just typing B will bring up the different baud rate options SELECT REQUIRED BAUDRATE BY TYPING B NUMBER 1200 BAUD 2400 BAUD 4800 BAUD 9600 BAUD 19K2 BAUD 38K4 BAUD 97K6 BAUD SON Ae paces Select the baud rate to use for example to select 4800 baud the user would type B3 lt CRLF gt The user then receives a prompt to send an OK to the sensor at the new baud rate setting The new setting will only be accepted if the user manages to communicate with the sensor at the new baud rate within 60 seconds Otherwise the sensor will reset and continue operation with the original baud rate settings If an OK command is received at the new baud rate the sensor will update its settings and restart STEP 4 Configuration Options 13 Sensor Set up Section 1 15 STEPS Installation Please consider the following factors when installing the sensor 1 Siting considerations 2 Height of the sensor above ground 3 Orientation of the sensor 4 Mounting the sensor 5 Hlectrical grounding Each of these factors 1s covered in more detail below 1 5 1 Siting Considerations Pollutants Care should be taken to ensure that the sensor is situated away fro
63. t Overview 6 7 Sensor Specifications 52 Section 6 The specifications for the SWS lightweight sensor is summarised in the following pages Visibility Measurements MOR and Precipitation Measurements Function Details Measurement Range MOR Meteorological Optical Range Selectable from the following options at time of order 10m to 2Km 10m to 10Km 10m to 20Km 10m to 32Km 10m to 50Km 10m to 75Km Other ranges between 10m and 75Km by special request Measures Visibility MOR Meteorological Optical Range reductions caused by fog haze smoke sand drizzle rain snow and general precipitation Measurement Accuracy Better than 4 5 for MOR of 600m Better than 5 for MOR of 1500m Better than 5 1 for MOR of 2Km Better than 12 5 for MOR of 15Km Better than 20 for MOR of 30Km Measurement Time Constant 30 seconds Stability of MOR Zero Setting Function Details Ambient Temperature Effects lt 0 02 km Long Term Drift lt 0 02 km Precipitation Measurements Function Details Detection Threshold Rain 0 015mm hr 0 0006 in hr Detection Threshold Snow 0 Equivalent 0 0015mm hr 0 00006 in hr Rain Rate Maximum 500mm hr 20 in hr Sensor Specifications Biral Section 6 Product Overview Maintenance Function Details MTBF Calculated 52 500 hrs 6 years Typical Calibration Chec
64. uring measurement interval 2 to 20 seconds default 5 Not used Not used Table 3 3 Command T Response 3 2 Sensor Responses RESPONSE MEANING BAD CMD Your command was not understood by the sensor Check the text of the command and re send COMM ERR An error was detected in a character in the command Re send the command OK Command with no quantitative response was understood and executed TIMEOUT Command was sent with more than 10 seconds between characters Re send the command TOO LONG Command message was longer than 24 characters including end characters Re send the command 30 Table 3 4 Sensor Responses Sensor Responses Biral Section 4 Maintenance Procedures 4 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES The SWS Lightweight sensors require very little maintenance The following sections detail the checks that are advisable to ensure continued good operation of the sensor The frequency of these checks depends upon the location and environmental conditions under which the sensor operates It is suggested that a general check plus window cleaning should take place typically at three monthly intervals This period may be increased or decreased dependent on the contamination determined during these inspections Itis also recommended that a calibration check see paragraph 5 1 is carried out at six
65. w Cleaning The SWS LW is an optical instrument and is therefore susceptible to accumulation of contaminants on the windows in the hoods The windows should be cleaned by gently wiping the windows using a pure alcohol propanol and a soft cloth appropriate safety precautions must be taken when using pure alcohol The SWS Lightweight sensor is fitted with a Transmitter Window monitoring systems which compensates for contamination and will flag an error when the contamination reduces the signal by more than a pre set amount default 1096 when this error flag occurs all windows should be cleaned at the earliest possible opportunity If the contamination continues to increase up to a pre set limit of 30 the appropriate part of the remote maintenance and self test message in the sensor Data Output Message changes from X warning to F fault see section 2 and paragraph 4 2 2 The accuracy of the instrument if operated at greater contamination levels may begin to deteriorate The windows require cleaning as a matter of urgency 4 20 Self Test Codes 4 2 1 Self Test and Monitoring information is provided in the standard Operating Data Message This information consists of three alpha numeric characters which have the following meanings NOTE The command R provides a response with full diagnostic information The extent of this information depends on the sensor configuration specified at time of purchase This response is
66. xxx yy y y R Send remote self test and monitoring See Para N message 3 1 1 RST Restart instrument OK SN Send instrument serial number Jxxxx xx Send instrument times message a 2 ai Set auxiliary measurement sample period OK Range 2 20 seconds Default 5 Set measurement interval Range x 10 TM OK y y 300 seconds Default 60 Send current date and time See paragraph FRIDAY TR 1 4 2 The final 000 is an internal fixed 23 03 12 constant 13 15 25 000 WT Send current Window XX d threshold for warning indication See Para 4 2 Set window contamination threshold for a warning indication transmission WT OK y y Range 0 to 30 96 Calibration must be enabled Default 2 10 See Para 4 2 c Bx Set communication baud rate See para J J Range 1 7 1 4 7 SDWDDM d Set current date See paragraph 1 4 2 OK STHHMM ie Set current time See paragraph 1 4 2 OK Table 3 1 Commands for SWS Lightweight Series of Sensors 28 Sensor Commands Biral Section 3 Commands and Responses 3 1 1 Command R Send Remote Self Test and Monitoring Message Example response 100 2 509 24 1 12 3 5 01 12 5 00 00 00 00 100 105 107 00 00 00 021 0 4063 The various fields in the response are as follows Field 1 Field 2 Space The message starts with a space ABC Heater state and error flags Az Window heaters ON A

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