Advanced Accident Avoidance System for Automobiles
Contents
1. our proposed method we use IR sensors to detect the in front vehicles and ultrasonic sensors to detect adjacent vehicles These sensors regularly transmit bursts of radar waves with high frequency The transmitted high frequency bursts bounce off the nearest vehicles and return back to the sensor At sensor another unit connected to the sensor to estimate the time between signal leave and bounce back This information is used to estimate the relative velocity distance and position of the vehicle immediately Thus If any abrupt changes are happen in these factors which intentionally cause an accident then the will assist the driver to avoid the collision In this project we effectively avoids the collision by properly applying the brake at right time in right direction 1 e if driver turns right without accurately observing the oncoming vehicles the this system will issue a throttle command to the vehicle and at same time a brake command is applied Same process will be applied in every turn of the vehicle These commands are issued in a manner that does not cause the violation of predefined speed limits either traffic laws or comfort levels more precisely the braking command will not cause the vehicle velocity to become less than a minimum speed while the accelerating command will not cause the vehicle velocity to become greater than a maximum speed This implies that automatic control commands applied to prevent collisions at the intersect2. saving mode and current consumption is low as to 2 5mA in SLEEP mode Both GPS and GSM are interfaced to the control unit using serial communication protocol 10 Accident Detection Module It consists of a three axis accelerometer sensor MMA7660FFC with sensitivity 1 5g with digital output It is interfaced to the control unit by I2C Inter Integrated circuit protocol It is low cost and has high shocks survivability 10 000 g It has low current consumption 0 4 microamps and low power consumption analog voltage 2 4v 3 6v and digital voltage 1 71v 3 6v gt It has an auto sleep wake feature for low power consumption Tilt orientation detection can be done accurately RESULTS AND COMPARISIONS This paper gives a defend way of approaching the problem Here first we try to avoid the most general accidents which are occurred due to bad weather conditions And if the accident occurred then the accident location can be located easily and the detection of accident is precise unlike the prior approaches where detection of accident is done by either of the two sensors In this approach the accident is detected by both the vibration and micro electro mechanical sensor and the information of accident location will be sent to already predefined numbers REFERENCES 1 Yao Jin The discussion of Road Traffic Safety Countermeasures System J Private Science and Technology 2010 2 Wang Wei Embedded Microcontroller MC9SO8AW60 P
3. EIE ISSN 2231 2803 http www 1jcttjournal org Page82 International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology IJCTT volume 6 number 2 Dec 2013 Ms J Mrudula Presently pursuing Ph D in the field of Digital communications from JNTU Hyderabad and she is Working as Associate Professor in ECE department in Geethanjali College of engineering amp technology She was postgraduate in the field of Industrial electronics from Faculty of engineering Maharaja Sayaji Rao University Baroda Gujarat and graduated in ECE from Kandula sreenivasa reddy memorial college of engineering kadapa AP ISSN 2231 2803 http www 1jcttjournal org Page83
4. If the weather conditions are adverse or bad then a warn signal will alerts the driver Similarly IR sensors and ultrasonic sensors are placed in all directions of the vehicle except in back side and these sensors are regularly scans the road ahead for obstacles or vehicles and if any obstacle or vehicle find then warning is given to the driver If any vehicle is very near than predefined threshold value then automatically the speed of the vehicle reduces abruptly Another facility that we provide besides it is an automatic accident detection and information passing system Using automatic accident detection system if an accident occur then we can immediately transmits the location and time of the accident to the police station and to the relatives which is very helpful information in saving their lives The remaining of this paper is arranged as section II describes about two main modules of proposed system 1 e CAS and AADIS and then section HI and IV describes about these two main modules individually Section v explained the hardware implementation of the system And finally section VI contains the results of proposed system I SYSTEM MODEL The complete system model of our proposed system is divided as two main modules as 1 Collision Avoidance System CAS 2 Automated Accident Detection and Information system AADIS 1 COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM The main objective of the CAS is to avoid the early accidents due to adverse
5. International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology IJCTT volume 6 number 2 Dec 2013 Advanced Accident Avoidance System for Automobiles T U Anand Santhosh Kumar J Mrudula E C E Department Geethanjali College of Engineering amp Technology JNTUH India E C E Department Geethanjali College of Engineering amp Technology JNTUH India Abstract the objective of this project is to efficiently avoid the collision of automobile vehicles and to provide a greatest security to the users in adverse or in bad weather conditions by using Collision Avoidance System CAS In bad weather conditions it is very hard to drive automobiles as smooth as in regular conditions Generally most of the accidents are occurred due to this bad weather conditions only Therefore in this paper we propose a systematic architecture to avoid the early accidents which are mostly possible due to bad weather conditions and as well as due to asynchronous speed among the vehicles In our proposed method the relative speed and distance of all the vehicles around a particular vehicle is estimated using IR sensors and Ultrasonic sensors and based on those results the speed of that particular vehicle is controlled to avoid early collisions Besides this facility we also provide an accident detection system which detects the accidents and by using GPS and GSM we send the information of the location of the accident place to the police station and relativ
6. es which is most useful information to save the persons Index Terms Collision Avoidance system IR and Ultrasonic sensor vibration sensor GPS and GSM I INTRODUCTION The increasing demand for flexibility as well as technological Even though there are several advanced technological innovations are available today for vehicle safety the growth in the number of accidents is continues regularly And most of these accidents are especially due to collision or intersectional accidents One of the most important causes behind the intersectional accident is bad weather conditions Recently it has been reported that nearly 36 of the accidents in the India are occurred due to bad weather conditions Here bad weather condition means a high rain or high snow falling or bad dark light etc in those specific conditions the drivers feel very hard to drive to recognize the vehicles and speed of the vehicles which passing around them and may cause to severe accidents Therefore using this paper we proposes a systematic architecture to reduce the accidents occurred due to adverse bad weather conditions and we also provide an accident detection system and as well as we send the location information of accident to the police station and to relatives to save the lives by using GPS and GSM Our proposed collision avoidance system is operates in the following way Initially the temperature sensor and humidity sensor are used to sense the weather conditions
7. gnals and consists of an atomic clock to exact their time and location Another equipment known as GPS receiver is used to receive these radio signals And once this receiver locks at least any ISSN 2231 2803 http www 1jcttjournal org Pages1 International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology IJCTT volume 6 number 2 Dec 2013 four of these satellites it can retrieve its location from known reference positions It is a high performance low power satellite based model It is a cost effective and portable system which accurately detects the location 13 GSM Module For efficient transmission of digital voice and data service Global System for Mobile communications GSM is a very advanced technology GSM is a very well known standard for digital mobile communication which is widely used in every part of the world Mostly the operating frequency for GSM is either 900OMHZ or 1800 MHZ at the data rate of 9 6 kbps A Tri band GSM GPRS module SIM300 is used for message sending which is operating at the frequencies of EGSM 900 MHz DCS 1800 MHz and PCS1900 MHz and it provides GPRS multi slot class 10 class 8 optional capabilities and supports the GPRS coding schemes By using antenna connector and antenna pad interface is achieved using SIM300 module Here the customer is connected to antenna pad board and the antenna connector is MM9329 2700 type The main feature available with SIM 300 is it is designed in power
8. has two types of instruction sets Arm 32 bit which gives maximum performance and Thumb 16 bit which gives maximum code density The major advantage of ARM is its ability to manipulate 32 bit integers with a single instruction The main advantage of Thumb is its ability to switch back to ARM which gives high speed to operate fast interrupts and other algorithms This provides better performance than 16 bit architecture and better code density than a 32 bit architecture Figure 5 Automated Accident Detection and Information System AADIS GPS Module A satellite based navigation system GPS Global Positioning System is used to sends and receives radio signals A GPS receiver acquires these signals and provides the user with information Using GPS technology one can determine location velocity and time 24 hours a day in any environmental conditions anytime in the world for free GPS was formally known as the NAVSTAR Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System was originally developed for military Because of its popular navigation capabilities and because GPS technology can be accessed using small inexpensive equipment the government made available this system to civilian purpose also The USA owns GPS technology and the Department of Defense maintains it The GPS technology consists of 24 satellites which are continuously rotating around the earth continuously Each and every satellite transmits the radio si
9. ion do not create hazardous driving conditions for other vehicles not directly involved 2 AUTOMATED ACCIDENT DETECTION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM AADIS BLOCK DIAGRAM Vibration agor Power Suply Eo loxd LOD Display GoM Moder Figure 2 Block diagram of Vehicle Accident Automatic Detection and Remote Alarm Device ARM Controller Figure 2 represents the block diagram of AADIS which consists of different modules and individual modules are interfaced to 32 bit ARM controller Power supply unit Step downs the input voltage to 12v DC from 230v AC ARM controller is the heart module to this entire system which provides high data processing speed ability to use as a thumb The complete process of AAIDS is as follows whenever accident happens the vibration sensor senses the accident by sensing the sudden vibrations in the vehicle body and transforms this signal to the controller through the amplifying circuit As and when the input is received by the controller the buzzer alarm is ON and the message is sent to the rescue team with the help of the GSM module The rescue team reaches the site of the accident with the help of the location given in the message The location or the geographical coordinates where the vehicle is present are detected by the GPS module Design process Collision Avoidance System Here we use ARM7 controller and it has got five ports namely PORTA PORTB PORTC PORTD and PORTE PORTA and PORTE are meant f
10. or analog input data Vibration sensor is connected to the port A PORTS B C and D is used for input ISSN 2231 2803 http www 1ijcttjournal org Page80 International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology IJCTT volume 6 number 2 Dec 2013 and output purpose LCD is connected to port B of the controller to which all data pins of LCD are connected Vibration sensor is connected to RAO RAO pin take as the analog inputs from sensors and convert them to digital values The alarm circuit is connected to port D Fig 4 Collision Avoidance System Ill HARDWARE IMPLIMENTATION Automated Accident Detection and Information System AADIS From the figure 5 the design structure consists of a control unit ARM7 LPC2148 accident detection module includes three axis accelerometer sensor MMA7660FEFC user interface module includes LCD and a message sending module When the collision occurs the vibration sensor detects the collision automatically When the vehicle rolls over the roll angle is given by the Z axis of the accelerometer sensor The alert signal is sent when the roll angle is greater the set reference value Control Unit The control unit consists of The LPC2148 microcontroller which consists of 32 16 bit ARM7TDMI S CPU flash memory ranging from 32 KB 512KB It is cost effective and reliable Pipelining is employed in order to simultaneously operate all parts of processing and memory systems 11 The CPU
11. rinciples and Application M Beijing Beijing Aerospace University Press 2008 3 Zhu Yi Yang Shubo MMA series of acceleration sensor principles and application J Medical equipment 2008 4 TAYLORRK SCHROCKMD BLOOMFIELDJ Dynamic testing of GPS receivers J Transactions of the ASAE 2004 47 4 5 SIEMENS TC35i Hardware Interface Description M April 14 2003 6 Ma Chao Embedded GSM message interface hardware and software design J Microcontroller and Embedded Systems 2003 7 Wang Wei and Fan Hanbo Traffic accident automatic detection and remote alarm device IEEE proc ICEICE pp 910 913 April 2011 8 Raj Kamal EMBEDDED SYSTEMS achitecture programming and design Second Edition TATA McGraw Hill publishing Company Limited 2008 9 Steve Furber ARM SYSTEM ON CHIP ARCHITECTURE SECOND EDITION Pearson Education Limited 2000 10 GSM User Manual SIMCOM LTD August 2006 11 Arm User Manual Phillips August 2005 12 MEMS User Manual Freescale Semiconductors 2009 13 GPS Beginner s Guide Garmin LTD 2008 14 Wang Wei Fan Hanbo Traffic Accident Automatic Detection and Remote Alarm Device 978 1 4244 8039 5 11 2011 IEEE BIO DATA i T U Anand Santhosh Kumar currently pursuing M tech in Geethanjali College of engineering amp technology with the specialization of Embedded system He was graduated in VNR Vignana jyothi institute of technology amp science with the specialization of
12. weather conditions Below figure shows the block diagram for proposed method Collision Avoidance System consists of several sensors to predict the weather conditions such that humidity sensor temperature sensor etc In our proposed system adverse weather conditions are considered as heavy rain cases and huge snow fall conditions We use humidity sensor to predict the rain conditions 1 e using humidity sensor we calibrate the level of humidity in the surrounding environments If the estimated humidity level is below the already pre fixed threshold sensor alerts the system for heavy rain condition Similarly temperature sensor is used to predict the snow conditions Generally whenever snow falls then automatically the temperature is low Therefore whenever the temperature sensor senses very low temperature than threshold level then it alerts the system for high snowfall condition However after detecting the adverse weather conditions the next step is to avoid collisions To avoid early accidents we use small radar ISSN 2231 2803 http www 1ijcttjournal org Page 9 International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology IJCTT volume 6 number 2 Dec 2013 sensors around the car to detect vehicles and their relative speeds and distances Vibration sensor Amplifying Ultra sonic C e aa G Communication Bize uzzer Fig 1 Block Diagram for CAS Generally these sensors are IR sensors and Ultrasonic sensors In
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