Construction Safety Book
Contents
1. WHO S MAKING MISSOURI WORKPLACES CONSTRUCTION SAFETY WWW mem ins com 7 11 These materials are provided for informational purposes only Missouri Employers Mutual assumes no liability for the use or sufficiency of the information provided The applicability of this information to your specific workplace can be determined only in consultation with your own legal counsel and or safety professional Our Vision Safe healthy and injury free workplaces Our Mission We provide innovative cost effective solutions employers need to create safe healthy and injury free workplaces This guide is intended to explain in easily understood terms the safe work practices roofers could utilize to eliminate injury and assist in meeting some OSHA requirements This guide does not replace any requirements detailed in actual OSHA regulations for construction and it should be used only as a companion to the actual regulations eae oa ee Sw aa a 6 MERI I VINO 7 Seat Belt Policy Ep ESE KSe GR OEM 8 Fall Protection ee eee eee eee ees 9 23 Tools and 24 28 ANNE G A os l ll a ES 29 SO Talks ae e ke G ees 32 Seat Belt Use a l el ea 31 Housekeeping aee 33 Eye Protechon gt 35 ail 37 Horseplay a si makina SALETTA a l Kg rin 39 Ladder Safety as wear E Ng oases Kg Ng n2. snow or ice sleet are present Roofing operations should be suspended unless safe footing can be assured for roofers Suspend Operations when strong winds are present Beware of old rotten roof decks They may not support you and you can fall through Keep it Clean Trips and slips over debris hoses are a common cause of falls Watch Your Step Be on the lookout for the above problems Perform proper selection erection extension and tie off of extension ladders e Use guardrails safety nets or a personal fall arrest system Guardrails and Catch Platforms Guardrails and catch platforms consisting of a stable platform and an attached standard guardrail can protect roofers when other systems or methods are not feasible e Platform guidelines 0 The platform should not be more than 18 inches below the eave line of the roof The platform should extend horizontally at least two feet beyond eave line of the roof The platform must have a standard guardrail and toeboards The top guardrail should rise substantially at least 12 inches above the eave line of the roof Install intermediate rails or a solid barrier between the top rail and the platform to prevent employees from sliding under the top rail Toot Box TALKS 49 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK CONSTRUCTION SITE FALL PROTECTI
3. trip and fall hazards Use three point contact when climbing ladders Secure ladders to prevent kick out or tip over Stay 10 feet away from un insulated electrical lines REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE WHEN WORKING ON ROOFS AND USE YOUR FALL PROTECTION Toot Box TALKS 51 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK MATERIAL HANDLING LIFTING Construction material handling involves diverse operations one of which is manual material handling Manual material handling tasks such as carrying bags lumber tools supplies and unpacking are a major cause of back injuries in the workplace an exposure that is increased by twisting the body during the lift and carrying loads Also carrying loads that are too large or heavy causes injuries on the jobsite Improper storing and handling of materials and equipment can also cause employees to be injured by being struck or crushed You should seek lifting help when you can t see around or over the load or when you can t safely handle the load WorkSAFE TIPS Lifting Basics e Break load into parts e Gethelp when the load is too heavy or too bulky to properly grasp or lift e Lift with legs keep back straight do not twist e Use handling aids such as steps trestles shoulder pads handles and mechanical equipment aids e Avoid lifting above shoulder level REMEMBER TO WORKSAF
4. 888 499 SAFE 7233 worksafe mem ins com
5. bottom of the ladders must be kept clear REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND PROPER LADDER SAFETY HELPS PREVENT FALLS ON THE JOB Toot Box TALKS 41 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal Protective Equipment is used to protect you when the hazards of a job can t be eliminated Some examples would include protec tion from falls noise punctures or lacerations overhead or falling objects and environmental conditions such as sun heat or cold PPE gives you the best possible protection when you know what to use how to use it when to use it and how to maintain it properly WorkSAFE TIPS PPE works if you know how to use it e Know which equipment is designed to guard against certain types of hazards If you have any question about appropriate PPE ask a supervisor e Know the proper way to put on PPE adjust it determine if it fits properly determine whether it is defective and how to maintain it on a regular basis If you have any question about how to put on and adjust your PPE ask a supervisor e There are different sizes of PPE Make sure you use the correct size to provide you with the maximum amount of protection from the PPE e Store your PPE properly and take it out of service if it is defective A respirator shoved into a toolbox can become distorted and no longer s
6. can cause permanent damage REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND THAT FOLLOWING THE SAFETY RULES FOR USING NAILERS CAN AVOID SERIOUS PUNCTURE WOUNDS Toot Box TALKS 45 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK POWER TOOLS Appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety goggles and gloves must be worn to protect against hazards that may be encountered while using power fools Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches They are extremely hazardous when used improperly The types of power tools are determined by their power source electric pneumatic liquid fuel hydraulic and powder actuated WorkSAFE TIPS To prevent hazards associated with the use of power tools employees should observe the following general precautions e Never carry a tool by the cord or hose e Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle Keep cords and hoses away from heat oil and sharp edges Disconnect tools when not in use before servicing cleaning and when changing accessories such as blades bits and cutters Keep all people not involved with the work at a safe distance from the work area Secure the object with clamps or a vise freeing both hands to operate the tool Avoid accidental starting Do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a plugged in tool Maintain tools with
7. from settling when set up on frozen soil that can thaw throughout the day Make sure to inspect for defects or bends in legs and uprights Coupling and Pinning DO NOT make alterations to cross braces or couplers DO NOT mix brands of cross bracing Make sure couplers are pinned in place DO NOT use wire or nails Always inspect couplings for cracks bends or cross braces that do not match up Planking e Planking must be certified graded plank material with certification stamp Common lumber is less sturdy and can bend deflect or break e Set load over supports or in the middle of planking to reduce deflection or breakage Avoid setting scaffolds near powerlines or building electrical service entrances Fabricated aluminum planks are acceptable Wood planks should be inspected for knots splits cuts burns etc that weaken it Each level of the scaffold should be fully planked with no more than a one inch gap between planks Planking must overlap on a scaffold support with six inches on each side of the support resulting in the total overlap of the two planks being 12 inches Planking that overhangs a support should range from 6 inches to 12 inches if plank is 10 feet or less in length If plank is more than 10 feet long it can overhang up to 18 inches Excessive overhangs can be stepped on and cause the plank to tip DO NOT climb the frame of end supports unless it has a built in ladder of at least 11 1 2 inches
8. must be able to hold at least 3 000 pounds with the lanyard or lifeline fully extended Self retracting lanyards that don t limit free fall distance to two feet must be able to hold at least 5 000 pounds with the lanyard or lifeline fully extended lt fail fa eS cs i mail A rope grab allows an prevents employees from reaching an employee to move up a vertical lifeline but unprotected edge and thus prevents a fall automatically engages and locks on the from occurring The system consists of lifeline if the employee falls e Anchorage e Connectors When using a rope grab keep the following e Body harness The attachment point in mind to the full body harness can be at the Rope grab must be compatible with the back front or side D rings This is for lifeline positioning only e Grab must be correctly attached to the lifeline not upside down The anchorage for a fall restraint system Keep the lanyard between the rope grab lt fa GE eE tea must support at least 3 000 pounds and bodv harness as short as possible If you re not sure how much an anchorage e Keep the rope grab as high as possible on will support have a qualified person evalu the lifeline ate it THE ANCHORAGE FOR A FALL RESTRAINT SVSTEM MUST SUPPORT AT LEAST 3 000 POUNDS BEWARE OF SWING FALLS If you use a self retracting lanyard or lifeline work below the anchorage t
9. slips trips and falls Clean up e Know how to notify emergency response personnel Safety and health are a responsibility that must be shared equally and without exception by everyone within the organization A safe healthy and injury free workplace requires that all employees make their safety and the safety of their fellow employees the top priority With fewer injuries a business can be more productive and profitable which clearly benefits all those involved in the operation Toot Box TALKS 57 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK Dimensions is MEM s revolutionary approach to medical and disability management Dimensions ensures each and every injured employee is treated comprehensively with the ultimate goal of a safe and successful return to work To accomplish this it relies on three primary dimensions our 3 D approach to injury management MEM s Dimensions Partner CorVel Corporation provides a nationwide network of providers experienced in working with typical workers compensation injuries You are encouraged to always access the closest hospital regardless of network affiliation in the event of a life threatening injury With routine injuries however it is best to utilize a medical provider that is familiar with your business and with whom you have an established relationship We encourage you to select this
10. systems or covers addressed in this guide Wall Opening Wall openings that have an outside bottom Personal fall arrest systems personal edge six feet or more above a lower level fall restraint systems safety net and an inside bottom edge less than 39 systems guardrail systems inches above the walking working surface Floors mezzanines Established floors mezzanines balconies Personal fall arrest systems personal established floors and walkways that have unprotected sides or fall restraint systems safety net balconies walkways edges six feet or more above lower levels systems guardrail systems Stairway openings six feet deep or more Guardrail systems barricades or covers e Bad Hand and power tool injuries result when the wrong tool is used Injuries occur when the operator is not trained sufficiently or when the is a lack of understanding about the tool s hazards Typically fingers hands and eyes are injured in hand and power tool accidents Use the following tips to prevent power tool accidents Read and understand the tool operator s manual Do not bypass safety switches guards or shields provided with the tool Get training before using powder actuated tools Wear personal protective equipment required in the operator s manual Use the tool only as it was designed Do not use tools for unintended purposes as could result Inspect tools for dama
11. training should be done at orientation on the job or other regularly scheduled training How often should Tool Box Talks be presented This will depend on site conditions and safety concerns On a large construction project it may be necessary to give the same Tool Box Talk several times to ensure all subcontractors are addressed On smaller projects one session could address all personnel on site It is recommended that Tool Box Talks be presented at least weekly to all employees When possible this should be at a routine time and day to establish it as a good safety habit What Tool Box Talk should be used The purpose of the Tool Box Talk is to raise How to conduct a Tool Box Talk safety awareness of a particular topic Ideally 1 Read or paraphrase the introduction corresponding the talk with location activities of the subject to the group would provide the maximum impact to keep 2 Review the WorkSAFE tip items the topic fresh in employee s thoughts A Tool with employees Box Talk can be presented to correspond with 3 Discuss how the topic is important a recent near miss or accident to the health and safety of all Summary employees Tool Box Talks provide an effective method of 4 Note any concerns or recommen reinforcing and communicating a safety dations for improvements message to employees The result will include a potential reduction in injury accidents and even save a life 5 Record talk attendance
12. will be propelled out of the car and ejected through the windshield 3 Finally after the interior collision with the vehicle the occupant s body is stopped but the internal organs are moving until stopped These organs will hit the internal body structure often causing internal tearing and bleeding This damage is not visible on the occupant s body after the colli sion Tearing of the heart and other organs often results in a fatality if medical treatment is not obtained immediately HOW DO SEAT BELTS HELP PREVENT INJURY Seat belts perform a few functions to reduce injury impact Itwill help prevent the occupant from flying forward striking the steering wheel and window It also keeps the passenger in the car e Secondly the belt will spread the stopping force across a larger and more durable part of your body The shoulder and pelvis can withstand an impact much better than the head The seat belt is made out of a softer and more flexible material than most vehide materials The dashboard and windshield are hard or glass It is just a quick dick of the belt Wearing a seat belt correctly and driving smart can save your life Toot Box TALKS 31 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK Good housekeeping is the basis of accident prevention All employees should be concerned about housekeeping and activel
13. E WHEN LIFTING Toot Box TALKS 53 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK SAFE ATTITUDES Webster s dictionary says it s A state of mind or a feeling Each day when you wake up you determine your attitude positive negative or somewhere in between Each day on the job you determine your attitude your safety attitude You make it a safe or unsafe one Remember some of the rules you were taught when you first went to school look both ways before crossing the street never talk to strangers and don t throw rocks Those rules were taught to keep you safe on your way to and from and at school At work we also have rules that will keep us safe Your positive attitude about the rules will keep you and your co workers safe Your attitude affects your behavior WorkSAFE TIPS e Have the attitude It can happen to me Have you ever had a co worker hurt who thought it couldn t happen to them Did they have an unsafe attitude Did they follow all the rules e Come to work rested Your attitude will be more positive if you are rested We sometimes forget a rule or even ignore them from time to time If you or someone suggests a safer way to do the job or reminds you or others of a rule have a positive safety attitude about the suggestion Have the attitude It may take longer but l Il only do the job th
14. INJURED ON THE JOB Toot Box TALKS 39 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK LADDER SAFETY Ladders are used throughout our industry daily to help complete our operations Ladders and falls from ladders account for numerous employee injuries every year To avoid these injuries we have adopted the following safety rules which we expect you to follow at all times WorkSAFE TIPS Know your ladders Ladders must be inspected by a competent person for visible defects on a periodic basis and after any incident that could affect their safe use When ascending or descending a ladder the employee must face the ladder Ladders must not be moved shifted or extended while in use Frequently clean the rungs of mud and other foreign material Ladders must be secured and extend a minimum of 36 inches 0 9 m above the landing The rungs and steps of portable metal ladders must be corru Metal ladders should be used with caution and ladders should have nonconductive side rails if the emplovee or ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment Ladders must not be loaded beyond the maximum intended load for which they were built or beyond their manufacturer s rated capacity gated knurled dimpled coated with skid resistant material or treated to minimize slipping The area around the top and
15. ON PART Il Falls are the leading cause of death on consruction jobsites Workers performing work at heights must be protected from falls Falls are very serious They can lead to permanent injury paralysis or death Even a fall from a relatively short distance could lead to death Falls from relatively low heights can cause broken bones spinal and head injuries e Construction workers must use fall protection methods when working at heights over 6 feet These include personal fall arrest systems guardrails or safety nets Construction workers can use ladders platforms scaffolds aerial lifts or a PFAS to prevent falls when framing or when setting trusses Do not work at heights over 6 feet unprotected A PFAS consists of these components o Anchorage o Lanyard Bull body harness Anchorages used with shock absorbing lanyards must be capable of supporting 5 000 pounds Anchorages used with self retracting lifelines must be capable of supporting 3 000 pounds Harnesses should fit snug with all straps and buckles adjusted properly A personal fall arrest system should limit the free fall of the worker to no more than six feet Position the anchorage directly above the worker to limit swing fall Calculate the fall distance If the worker falls what things will the worker hit before the fall arrest system activates Know how to inspect and maintain fall protection equipment Keep slack out of vertical lifelines Remove slip
16. ai ga A TG Ng bik a Ta es Al Personal Protective 43 Pneumatic Nailers 255 ade os i i le l 45 Power a L A 47 Construction Site Fall Protection i ew we 49 Construction Site Fall Protection 51 Material Handling and Lifting 53 Safe Attitudes 55 Safety Commitment bi ia ERI ears eek oes 57 o KE E 59 Se ea 221 a DIO kia S amp S et A company is one that strives to create and maintain an injury free workplace as demonstrated through a systematic approach using sound safety practices accountability training and resources The WorkSAFE System consists of four critical components Management Commitment Management s commitment to keeping the workforce safe Education All employees are properly trained on how to work safely Best Safety Practices Consists of all those policies procedures best practices and equipment that encourage and enable employees to work safely Injury Management Actions taken to reduce the severity and cost of an accident after it has occurred The WorkSAFE System applies to all types and sizes of accounts Management commitment must exist for the system to work The extent of education best safety practices and injury management tools needed will depend on the haz
17. and date presented SEAT BELT USE The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration NHTSA states that research has shown that lap shoulder belts when used properly reduce the risk of fatal injury to front seat car passenger by 45 percent and the risk of moderate to critical injury by 50 percent Light truck occupants reduce the risk of fatal injury by 60 percent if seat belts are worn properly Rural Americans have a greater risk of being injured or killed in a traffic crash than people who live in the urban areas The fatality rates in rural areas are double the rate in urban areas These compelling facts should be reason enough to wear seat belts however all states laws require seat belt use in some form WHAT HAPPENS DURING A COLLISION The car goes through three stages of a collision When passen gers do not wear a seat belt the following incidents occur 1 First the car is hit crashes and usually comes to a stop The crushing or impact of the car absorbs some of the crash force The passenger compartment comes to a more gradual stop than the front of the car 2 Next the vehicle occupants hit the interior of the car in the second collision When the car is impacted the occupant is still traveling forward at the vehicle s pre impact speed When the vehicle comes to a stop the occupant will usually strike the inside of the car in the steering wheel windshield or other car interior area In some collisions the occupant
18. ard and potential for loss To find out more about MEM s WorkSAFE System call the toll free safety resource hotline at 1 888 499 SAFE 7233 to request information or visit from one of our Loss Prevention Consultants Work Smart Accident Free Environments Did you know that the number one way to die on the job for a construction worker is vehicle crash Construction workers drive many miles for many hours Make sure you re protected by using seat belts 42 of all fatalities that MEM has handled since 1995 are vehicle crashes Sadly many of those fatalities could have been prevented through the simple use of seat belts All construction companies should require seat belt use and should have a written seat belt policy e Wearing your seat belt is the single most important safety rule you can follow e Always wear your seat belt and make sure all other occupants are wearing seat belts Slow down and keep vehicle speeds appropriate for conditions Do not tailgate Scan ahead and be ready to stop e Cell phone use smart phone use and texting should be prohibited Follow these safety rules even when driving personal vehicles for company business No matter what kind of vehicle you drive WEAR YOUR SEAT BELTI SEATBELT POLICY recognizes that seat belts are extremely effective in preventing injuries and loss of life Company Name It is a simple fact that wearing your seat belt can reduce your risk of dy
19. are alonge 20 nm je 93 j Ball i alati Scan for children that Construction machiens UNSAFE Workers are Wear high visibility gear may have wandered onto have obstructions view in the blind area of this when working near your jobsite dumptruck moving traffic N What are struck by accidents Loads drop on workers Vehicles strike workers Workers are hit by machines What are caught in between accidents Workers trapped between machines Workers trapped under a load Do not operate machiens unless you are trained and authorized Make sure all backup alarms lights and machine hors function correctly Make sure all glass is clean and mirros are clean amp adjusted To prevent run over accidents do a 360 degree walk around before moving construction vehicles Use a spotter when personnel are available Use the goal method when you re operating alone GET OUT AND LOOK Beware swing radius of machines Do not work beneath raised loads Wear high visibility gear when working near traffic at night or on congested jobsites Do not walk or work Do not work beneath Stay clear of machine Do a 360 degree walk between machines raised loads swing radius around before backing a Pet Bea i 59 fa ala e Operate machiens only when you have been trained and authorized e Wear seat belts on machiens equipped with Rollover Protective St
20. care keep them sharp and clean for best performance Follow the instructions in the user s manual for lubricating and changing accessories Keep good footing and maintain good balance when operating power tools Wear proper apparel for the task Loose clothing ties or jewelry can become caught in moving parts Remove all damaged portable electric tools from use and tag them Do not use Operate tools in locations appropriate for the tool Never operate electrical tools in wet area or areas with explosive environments Always inspect tools before use Never use a tool with a cut cord or missing ground plug Always direct electric saws away from users while cutting Transport and store tools in safe areas to prevent falling and damage Toot Box TALKS 47 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK CONSTRUCTION SITE FALL PROTECTION PART A fall hazard is anything in the workplace that could cause an uninteded loss of balance or bodily support and result in a fall WorkSAFE TIPS SSS EEE 2 2 4 Use and Select Proper Fall Prevention Protection Fall Prevention Tips Get Trained in safety procedures and equipment to be used Use It If fall protection is needed to protect you then it must be used all the time Inspect amp Maintain the equipment used Stay Off the roof when wet weather rain
21. d e Report fall hazards and suggest how to control them e Ensure that employees receive fall protection training Inspect and maintain equipment Enforce safe work procedures and practices Investigate all falls and near miss incidents Evaluate fall protection procedures regularly Employers You are responsible for enforcing safe work practices identifying fall hazards and eliminating preventing or controlling the hazards Employees You are responsible for following safe workpractices and reporting unsafe conditions to a supervisoror safety committee representative GENERAL Fau Protection REQUIREMENTS Education The best way to educate employees is MEM s WorkSAFE System component places through training The following Tool emphasis on training all employees on how Box Talks are designed as five to fifteen to work safely minute pre work shift discussions that cover a particular safety topic Specifically be delivered on the jobsite during a Employees need to know about workplace tailgate session The talks are related to hazards to which they may be exposed the workplace hazards and exposures e How to recognize hazards e How to minimize their exposure Hazard Height at which fall protection required Fall protection option Holes and skylights Holes and skylights that are six feet or more Personal fall arrest systems personal above lower levels fall restraint systems safety net systems guardrail
22. d be contacted bv machines or tools Survev jobsites for j overhead power lines Warn operators that might get too close Use ground Fault Circuit Interrupters whenever using temporary power or working near water Do not use damaged or improperly repaired extension cords Do not bypass electic tool guards safety shields or safety switches 4 WIRE Ground Fault is when power leaves its intended path and travels through the body to ground UNSAFE Power cord in water Extension cord in disrepair Toot Box TALKS MEM s WorkSAFE System Education component places emphasis on training all employees on how to work safely Specifically employees need to know e About workplace hazards to which they may be exposed e How to recognize hazards and e How to minimize their exposure The best way to educate employees and for them to learn is through training The following Tool Box Talks are designed as a five to 15 minute pre work shift discussion that covers a particular safety topic and can be delivered on the jobsite during a tailgate session The talks are related to the workplace hazards and exposures addressed in this guide Toot Box TALKS 30 Tool Box Talks are discussions that cover a specific safety topic They are generally held prior to a shift last five to 15 minutes and are designed to heighten safety awareness and provide basic safety information on the topic More detailed
23. e safe way Neglecting safety rules because we are in a hurry can lead to injuries The suggestion may have kept you and your co worker from e Have the attitude I won t gamble or take chances injury Taking chances reflects a poor safety attitude If you take a chance and don t get hurt will the result be the same next time If you take a chance with your co worker s life will the result be they don t get hurt What about the next time Will the result be the same e Have the attitude I won t disregard safety rules Disregarding a safety rule might result in an injury to you or your co worker REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND GET AND MAINTAIN A POSITIVE SAFETY ATTITUDE THE BEST ACCIDENT IS THE ONE AVOIDED BY HAVING THE RIGHT ATTITUDE Toot Box TALKS 55 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK SAFETY COMMITMENT WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFETY According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics an average 5 950 fatal occupational injuries occurred each year from 1997 2002 Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses in 2002 totaled 4 7 million MEM claims data show the average cost of a lost time claim in 2003 was 20 207 With the foundation of a solid safety commitment an organization can successfully work toward achieving the vision of a safe healthy and injurv free workplace The lack of a solid safety co
24. eal properly Fall protection equipment can be damaged during use and no longer provide protection in another fall Safety glasses goggles and face protection should be worn by employees exposed to flying particles liquid chemicals acids or caustic liquid splashes Hard hats should be worn where there is a danger of falling objects Wear an approved hat liner if working in cold environments Safety shoes should be worn in work areas where tools or heavy objects could be dropped on the feet Gloves should be worn for protection from cuts scrapes punc tures burns chemical absorption or temperature extremes Earplugs or earmuffs should be worn in noisy workplaces Wear long sleeve shirts and properly fitting pants to worksites Make sure your clothing is not loose or baggy Layer up to stay warm Two lightweight wool shirts will keep you warmer than one heavy one REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE WEAR THE PROPER PPE AND KEEP IT IN GOOD WORKING ORDER AND IT WILL PROTECT YOU FROM JOB HAZARDS THAT CANNOT BE ELIMINATED Toot Box TALKS 43 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK PNEUMATIC NAILERS Pneumatic nailers have been involved in many of our injuries In almost every case the nailer was misused Although nailers have safety devices requiring them to be pressed against an object to fire employees often hold the trigger d
25. er to stop a fall Before you use a personal fall arrest system you should know the following How to select and install a secure anchorage How to select and use connectors How to put on and use a full body harness They should fit snug with all hardware and straps intact and properly fastened and maintained to manufacturer s guidelines How to correctly attach and use a lanyard When a deceleration device is necessary How to erect and use a lifeline The correct procedures for using retractable devices How to estimate fall distances How to avoid swing falls How to inspect and maintain the system How you will be promptly rescued if you fall Safety line anchorages must be independent of any platform anchorage and capable of sup porting at least 5 000 pounds per employee Self retracting lanyards and lifelines offer more freedom to move than shock absorbing lanyards Each has a drum wound line that unwinds and retracts as the employee moves If the employee falls the drum immediately locks which reduces free fall distance to about two feet if the anchorage point is directly above the employee Some self retracting lanyards will reduce free fall distance to less than one foot Self retracting lanyards are available in lengths up to 20 feet Self retracting lifelines which offer more freedom are available in lengths up to 250 feet Self retracting lanyards and lifelines that limit free fall distance to two feet or less
26. falling by use of toe boards Storage should be on neatly stacked level surfaces All chemical or material spills should be cleaned up immediately A spill kit should be placed within a reasonable travel distance and be easily visible REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND MAINTAIN GOOD HOUSEKEEPING Toot Box TALKS 33 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK EYE PROTECTION Eye injuries are one of the most devastating in that they have the potential to prevent the injured employee from returning to the same type of work if eyesight is impaired In spite of this employees often fail to use eye protection using excuses such as The glasses are uncomfortable I forgot them at home in truck They are in my toolbox across the shop jobsite and the ever popular I ll only be a minute Flying particles can injure an unprotected eye an instant therefore prevention must include a thorough explanation by management how eye protection is a benefit to employees One approach is to discuss off work activities enjoyed by employees and how they would be impacted by a severe eye injury WorkSAFE TIPS Plan the task Ccan the tool to be used produce flying e Keep eye protection clean check and clean before use particles or dust e Provide eye protection that is adjustable If the equipment is e If flying part
27. for climbing unless the ladders are designed and provided with steps for climbing on bothfront and rear sections Straight or extension ladders should be set one foot out for every 4 feet up Fall protection is required at heights of 10 feet or greater equipped with guardrails midrails and toeboards Any employee who performs work while on a scafold should be trained regarding the nature of the hazardsand controls Electrical hazards fall hazards and object hazards inthe work area Proper use of the scaffold and handling materials on the scaffold Maximum intended load and the load carrying capacityof the scaffold Prior to scaffold erection a pre jobsite inspectionshould be performed Scaffolds should be erected moved dismantled or altered only by experienced and trained employees selected for that work by the competent person lt ba Bel as S mail soi EG FRAME SCAFFOLD e Employees must be provided a safe access on e Poles legs post frames and uprights should or off the walk planks work platform and or be on base plates and mud sills or other scaffolding Such access should be provided by a adequate firm foundations ladder or equivalent safe access e Footings must be capable of supporting Be aware of electrocution hazard when the loaded scaffold without settling or assembling using or dismantling scaffolds near displacement Unstable objects may not be power lines used to su
28. g warning labels Do not carry any object or load while climbing a that could hide defects ladder e Keep your center of gravity between the side rails Make sure that ladders are long enough to Your belt buckle should never be outside of the safely reach the work area Mark or tag Do not side rails Use damaged or defective ladders for repair or Keep boots shoes clean of mud grease or any replacement or destroy them immediately other slippery materials that could cause loss of footing Only commercial grade ladders should be When portable ladders are used to access upper used Never load ladders beyond the maximum landing surfaces the side rails must extend at intended load or beyond the manufacturer s least three feet above the landing surface and the rated capacity laddermust be tied off to prevent slipping To erect long awkward or heavy ladders get help to avoid injury from overexertion Avoid setting up ladders in doorways passageways driveways or any other location where they can bestruck or knocked over Set the ladder on a firm level surface Never erect ladders on boxes carts tables or other unstablesurfaces Cross bracing on the rear section of a stepladder The design erection dismantling or maintenance of scaffolds requires competent people and trained employees Therefore assessing personnel abilities should be a part of all phases of the scaffolding inspection musinot be used
29. ge abuse and jobsite repairs prior to use Tag damaged tools Unsafe Do Not Operate and remove them from the jobsite Store all jobsite tools correctly to protect them from other damage or weather To prevent electric shock use Grount Fault Circuit Interrupters whenever using electric tools Fuel only cool gasoline powered tools Do not smoke while fueling machines Do not smoke in contruction trialers Propane gas and chemical vapors can create an explosive situation UNSAFE BEWARE Keep hands Read and understand the UNSAFE This fuel is not stored Exposed conductors clear of the line of fire operator s manual read in approved safety cans Remove this tool from Hand and finger injury tool or blade warning Always tore jobsite fuel in service could result labels approved metal safety cans Back over and run over accidents are one of the four most common types of accidents on jobsites According to NIOSH a blind area is the area around a vehicle or peice of constructin equipment that is not visable to the operators either by direct line of sight or indirectly by use of internal and external mirrors All construction vehicles including common pickup trucks have blind spots Protect your workers visitors and the public from run over accidents Know your vehicle blind spots Perform walk around before moving machines or vehicles e Use a spotter when personnel are available e Get out and look when drivers
30. icles or dust are created eye protection is needed comfortable it is more likely to be used e Provide appropriate eye protection for the task safety e Discuss employee hobbies and off work activities that could glasses goggles or face shield be impaired by lost eyesight watching children s activities e Counter objections by discussing the purpose of eye protection seeing wife significant other watching or participating in and proper adjustment to wear it properly sports hunting fishing driving etc e Review the use of guards on tools that help contain flying Inspect tools prior to use to be sure guards are in place particles REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND PROTECT VOUR EVESIGHT Toot Box TALKS 35 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK SCAFOLDS A fall from a scaffold from a height as little as six feet can be fatal or lead to lifelong disabilities Scaffold accidents are generally the result of improper set up or component failure WorkSAFE TIPS es Scaffold Base Set on firm level ground Make sure system is level and plumb Use adjustable screw jacks with mud sills Legs alone can sink in soil or cut through other mud sill materials bricks wood etc DO NOT use hollow concrete blocks they can break and cause scaffold to shift Use heavy timbers to level scaffold Protect scaffold
31. in the walkway clean it up to prevent an injury e Clear snow and put down melt during winter weather lt iai j i sl 779 Create walkways for workers UNSAFE Look for the little things that get Provide good quality ramps when terrain is very Pick up tools and cords workers hurt Pick up scraps steps or ladders when workers rough or muddy when not in use wires amp waste must reach different levels LADDERS Guipeuines FOR USE Any employee using ladders should be trained Avoid using ladders with metallic components Ladders must be adequate for the job and near electrical work and overhead power lines properly maintained e Clear scrap and material away from the base and top of ladder Choose the right ladder for the job e Always face the ladder and hold on with both A competent person should visually inspect a hands when climbing up or down ladder before use for any defects such as It works best if you maintain three points of contact e Structural damage such as split bent side The easiest way to do this is to slide your hands rails broken or missing rungs steps or along the back of the rails maintaining contact at all cleats and missing or damaged safety times devices e Grease dirt or other contaminants that could top or top step of a stepladder should not be cause slips or falls used as a step Paint or stickers excludin
32. ing in a traffic crash by 45 percent in a car and as much as 60 percent in a truck or SUV We care about our employees and want to make sure that no one is injured or killed in a tragedy that could have been prevented by the use of seat belts Therefore all employees of Company Name must wear seat belts when operating a company owned vehicle or any vehicle on company premises or on company business and all occupants are to wear seat belts or where appropriate child restraints when riding in a company owned vehicle or in a personal vehicle being used for company business All employees and their families are strongly encouraged to always use seat belts and proper child restraints whenever they are driving or riding in any vehicle in any seating position Employee Signature Date__ __ __ The loss history of MEM s roofing policyholders finds the following leading injury tvpes Falls from roofs 3 One of every five workplace fatalities Average cost per injury 63 733 is a construction employee Struck by falling objects 3 Average cost per injury 36 912 Falls from ladders 9 Average cost per injury 27 977 Falls all other types 29 Average cost per injury 21 706 Temperature extremes 6 Average cost per injury 5 299 MEM s recent loss data for companies like yours Fatt PROTECTION When Fall Protection is mentioned the first thing that comes to mind for many in the construction ind
33. medical provider prior to an injury so supervisors know where to send an injured employee when an injury occurs DIMENSIONS 3 D APPROACH DEVELOP Effective loss prevention injury treatment plan DIRECT Injured employee to appropriate medical provider and promptly report injury to MEM DELIVER Injured employee safely back to work WWW MEM INS COM HOTLINE 1 800 442 0593 FAX 1 800 442 0597 DIMENSIONS PARTNER CorVel Corporation DESIGNATE YOUR PROVIDER Visit CorVel s website at www corvel com provider_lookup to find a network provider Reporting an Injury MEM focuses on providing employers and injured employees with excellent claims service at the lowest possible cost To help keep costs down it is important that employers promptly report injuries to MEM online at www mem ins com or by calling 1 800 442 0593 The employer or injured employee may log on or call anytime to get answers to questions relating to the claim MEM s responsive customer service distinguishes us from other insurance providers When calling MEM you always have a direct communi cation link to an informed Customer Service Representative who will answer your questions provide assistance and make sure your needs are met Fraud Reporting 1 800 442 0592 MEM s encourages policyholders or employees who suspect fraud to call our toll free fraud reporting hotline This service is designated for confidential anonymous reports of any suspicious activities Loss P
34. mmitment leads to mounting injuries and increasing losses that make up these tragic injury statistics Who is responsible for safety spills leaks promptly and correctly I am is the answer As an employee you should e Electricity can cause shocks burns or fire if not handled properly Learn to work safely and take all rules seriously Poor material handling may cause back problems or other injuries e Recognize hazards and avoid them Tools and equipment can cause injuries if guards or protective e Report all incidents accidents injuries and illness to your devices are disengaged supervisor immediately Inspect tools before use to avoid injury Wear all assigned personal protective equipment Always use the protections that are provided on the job e Guards on machines and tools keep body parts from contacting moving equipment It is management s responsibility to Lockout tagout procedures assure equipment is de energized e Provide a safe healthy and injury free workplace before it is repaired e Provide appropriate and effective personal protective e Personal protective equipment shields your body from hazards equipment you may face on the job e Train employees in safe job procedures and hazard In case of emergency identification e Understand alarms and evacuation routes know and follow Everyone must be aware of potential hazards on the job emergency procedures e Poor housekeeping results in
35. ng and continually audit as work continues The platform must have a standard Guard or cover any openings or holes guardrail and toeboards immediately e The top guardrail should rise substantially at least 12 inches above the eave line Floor hole of the roof l l i covers must e Install intermediate rails or a solid barrier support at between the top rail and the platform to least twice the prevent an employee from sliding under weight of all the top rail employees equipment 2 times the intended load and materials that may be PERSE SEDE placed on the 2722227 cover at one time Many crews don t realize that slips and trips account for many many injuries within construction companies Job sites are very dynamic each and every day something changes but remember the small things that get our employees hurt Job site slips and trips can be dangerous because victims will strike their head on the way down or land on rebar or sharp edges Create pathways for workers to use when job site terrain is very rough e Create pathways through the mud when workers must cross job sites to do work e Do not run on construction job sites e Wear proper footwear with an aggressive tread slip resistant sole e Tennis shoes sandals or leisure footwear are not acceptable forms of construction footwear e Move all extension cords and hoses out of walkways e Pick up scrap and supplies regularly If scarp is found
36. o avoid a swing fall The farther you move away from the anchorage the farther you will fall and the greater your risk of swinging back into a hard object 6 foot length of lanyard 1 2 foot deceleration Total distance 18 1 2 foot lt aS fa sl from 6 foot height of anchorage employee 3 foot safety factor Swing falls can How to determine total fall distance with a audit increus shock absorbing lanyard fall distance 9 SWING FALLS ARE HAZARDOUS BECAUSE YOU HIT THE BUILDING AN OBJECT OR THE GROUND DURING THE PENDULUM MOTION Fioor OPENINGS Protection Caren PLATFORM Almost all job sites have unprotected sides edges wall openings or floor holes at some point during construction If these openings are not protected at your site injuries from falls or falling objects may result ranging from sprains and concussion to death Catch platforms consisting of a stable platform and an attached standard guardrail can protect roofers when other systems or methods are not feasible Platform guidelines Securely cover openings using new plywood or e The platform should not be more than 18 guard floor holes as soon as they are created inches below the eave line of the roof during new construction e The platform should extend horizontally at least two feet beyond the eave line of For existing structures survey the site before the roof worki
37. own and bounce the nailer against the wood using the safety to fire the gun Injuries often occur from the employee continuing to hold the trigger down while changing positions or climbing a ladder When the employee trips or falls the nailer strikes his body and fires Supervisors should enforce safety rules requiring employees to release the trigger and place the trigger finger in a safe position before changing positions When moving more than a few feet additional safety can be obtained by disconnecting the air hose until the employee is repositioned to use the nailer WorkSAFE TIPS n e Never wedge safeties in the on position e Maintain firm contact with the wood Don t keep a finger on the trigger to use the safety as the triggering device e Never free fire nailers e Never tie the trigger in the firing position e Point the nailer away from you and others when connecting the air hose Watch for knots in the wood which could cause a nail to ricochet and strike another Do not remove safety devices Do not shoot the nailer at an angle Never point the nailer at yourself or another employee Never load or carry nailers with the trigger or safety depressed All safety mechanisms must operate correctly before using the nailer Do not drive the nail toward any part of your body near the edge of a board at a steep angle or on top of another nail Wear eye protection Splinters or a ricocheting nail
38. pport scaffolds or platform units e Minimum clearance distances Scaffold platforms and walkways should be Uninsulated electrical lines 10 feet fully planked or decked at least 18 inches Insulated lines more than 300 volts 10 feet wide using only scaffold grade plank material microlam or aluminum a a TE To prevent slippage platforms should be If it is difficult to determine if a power line is cleated or otherwise restrained at each end insulated or what its exact voltage is the 10 foot and overlap the centerline support at least 6 rule should always be applied feet Each end of the platform must not extend over its support more than 12 inches platforms lt 10feet long or shorter or more than 18 inches for platforms gt 10 feet long Pump Jack SCAFFOLDING e Erect and maintain according to manufacturer s recommendations Secure poles to house with rigid triangular bracing at the top bottom and other points as necessary Intermediate bracing is to be used on wood poles at 10 foot intervals Pump jack brackets braces and accessories shouldbe fabricated from metal plates and angles AII poles should bear on mud sills on adequate firm foundations Poles made of straight grain wood must be free ofshakes large loose or dead knots and other defects and should be nailed 12 inches on center on both sides with 30 foot maximum height Install guardrails workbench may serve as top guardrail Platform b
39. rackets should be fully planked and secured Lanner Jack SCAFFOLDING Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed fastened or equipped with devices to prevent slipping Access should be provided by an additional ladder Plank bracket must be at least 12 inches wide on each rung Platform should not exceed 20 feet in height and should be a minimum of 12 inches wide Do not bridge platforms to each other A personal fall protection system is required where heights exceed 10 feet IWinnow Jack SCAFFOLDING Scaffolds should be securelv attached to the window opening Scaffolds shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is placed Window jacks shall not be used to support planks placed between one window jack and another or for other elements of scaffolding A personal fall protection system is required where heights exceed 10 feet SUMMARY PREPARING TO PREVENT FALLS Before you begin a construction project think about the hazards employees may encounter and what you can do to keep them safe Determine whether you need to designate competent or qualified persons Make fall protection part of your workplace safety and health program Be committed to preventing and controlling fall hazards e Identify and evaluate fall hazards e Eliminate fall hazards e Use appropriate fall protection systems to prevent or control falls when hazards can t be eliminate
40. revention 1 888 499 SAFE 7233 Call our toll free safety resource hotline with questions about workplace safety The line is answered by MEM professionals who can direct you to the resources you need to make your workplace safe worksafecenter com MEM has devoted an entire website to creating safe workplaces Follow brief tutorials and download valuable safety resources free of charge While you are there check out our timely and relevant expert insights for the latest in workplace safety development exclusively at worksafecenter com REFERENCE SOURCES Trainer Presentations from OSHA Information in the OR OSHAWebsite is in the public OSHA Region 7 domain and may be used without permission of the Fall Protection It s a Snap Oregon Occupational Safety amp Health Division www orosha org OSHA Pocket Guide Worker Safety Series Construction Publication 3252 05 2005 OSHA Construction etool Scaffolding Material contained in the above publications may be reproduced fully or partially without permission of the federal government Wi k Source credit is requested but not required O r www osha gov OSHA Fall Protection in the Construction Industry Smart Accident Free Environments Publication 2824 i www worksafecenter com Safe Practices for Setting and Bracing Wood Trusses and Rafters Publication 2824ae MeM Missouri Employers Mutual 101 Keene Street Columbia MO 65201 1
41. ructures Do not bypass safety devices Do no tallow riders unless the machine is equipped with a proper seat and safety belt e Look behind machines before backing e Use three point contact when mounting and dismounting equipment Do not jump from equipment Oper iar was killed when ir Used mer point contact when Do not work from excavator buckets rolled Seat belt was not used mounting dismounting equipment or from the forks of forklifts Many if not all tools used on construction jobsites create flying object hazards Have eye protection ready Wear eye protection whenever you re exposed to flying objects dusts excessive light or chemicals When using chemicals use eye protection as required by the Material Safety Data Sheet Use face shields with protective glasses when gross amounts of flying objects are present e fili alan E 2251 Paidi Ball E dI lt ill Stav 10 feet awav from overhead power lines Do not operate booms forklifts or aerial lifts within 10 feet of overhead power lines Get all utilities located before performing anv excavation work Visit www mol call com or call 1 800 Dig Rite for more information on underground utility locates Jump clear from anv machine that has contacted power lines Dial 911 Don t touch an energized machine Place signs flags or raod cones beneath power lines that col
42. s Identification and description of fall Accornine to OSHA hazards in the work area A Competent PERSON is one who e Can identify existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary hazardous or dangerous to employees e Is authorized to take prompt corrective Correct procedures for erecting inspecting maintaining using and disassembling fall prevention systems such as covers slide guards guardrail systems personal fall arrest systems etc Ensure that all employees who are part ae of a multilingual workforce comprehend measures to eliminate them training instructions in safe work procedures Reference OSHA 1926 32 for all tasks to which they are assigned Quaurien PERSON is one who e By possession of a recognized degree certificate or professional standing or who by extensive knowledge training and experience has successfully demonstrated his her ability to solve or resolve prob lems related to the subject matter work or project lt Baal aS fale wd PERSONAL FaLL ARREST SYSTEMS A personal fall arrest system consists of an anchorage connectors and full body harness that work together to stop a fall and minimize the arrest force Other parts of the system may include a lanyard deceleration device or lifeline The personal fall arrest system is effective only if you know how all of the components work togeth
43. ustry is quipment such as personal fall arrest systems safety nets and guardrails Fall protection means more than equipment It is what you do to eliminate fall hazards prevent falls and ensure that employees who may fall are not injured WHAT YOU CAN DO Make Fall Protection part of your workplace safety and health program Fall protection systems and work practices should be in place before you start work e Determine how frequently employees will e Use appropriate equipment to prevent do taks that expose them to falls falls and to protect the employee if they e Identify walking working surfaces that do fall could expose employees to fall hazards e Inspect and maintain fall protection Determine fall distances from walking equipment before and after its use working surfaces to lower levels e Consider using aerial lifts or eleveatd e Determine whether anchorages are platforms to provide safer working necissary surfaces e Eliminate fall hazards if possible Train e Consider other factors that could increase employees to recoginize fall hazards the risk of falls When Fau Protection 15 NEEDED Walkways amp Ramps 7 Concrete forms amp Rebar 7 Excavations 7 Wall Openings 7 Holes Residential construction 7 Open sides amp edges 7 Roofs 7 Bricklaying A person qualified through education and or experience should provide employee training in fall protection The training should include at a minimum the following element
44. wide Otherwise access to each level should be by means of a ladder DO NOT paint or coat plank boards The coatings can hide defects such as cracks or knots Fall Protection e Above 10 vertical feet a fall arrest system should be worn or safety railing put in place e Top railing is required at 35 inches with a mid rail and a toe board to prevent materials from falling on employees working below Toot Box TALKS 37 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK HORSEPLAY A sure way to get some laughs on the job is a practical joke Humor helps increase job satisfaction but can quickly lead to horseplay and employee injuries Practical jokes and horseplay escalate into in depth elaborate tricks which cost the company valuable time and resources Horseplay is not tolerated here and employees will be reprimanded if engaged in these practices WorkSAFE TIPS Think before you act Will this joke injure an employee Let the prankster know that their actions are not appreciated e Report pranksters to management before they can injure an e Pranks can result in legal problems if actual or perceived employee injuries occur e Practical jokes are counter produdive They are not permitted by company safety rules REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND HORSEPLAY IS NOT A GOOD IDEA AND CAN GET YOU AND OTHERS IN TROUBLE OR
45. y work to keep the site clean and hazard free Poor housekeeping leads to accidents reduces productivity increases scrap and creates a poor image of the worksite Tripping over materials is a common workplace accident Always put away materials or tools when not in use Store materials in a designated area away from the employee and machinery travel path Foremost clean up trash even if you didn t create it WorkSAFE TIPS To have good housekeeping everyone must participate Establish cleanup breaks throughout the day instead of waiting for the end of the day e Designate a person to keep a particular area clean e Have enough trash receptacles for the location with reasonable travel distance Empty regularly e e Start with good lighting throughout the site Poor light is a critical factor in tripping accidents e Conduct regular housekeeping inspections e Have a designated break area Throw trash in garbage e cans to keep the area clean e Keep travel paths clear of trash mud ice or snow Store tools with sharp edges turned away from employee reach area Please pick up items you might see lying on the floor Remove or bend over all nails protruding from exposed surfaces Route air hoses extension cords welding leads and power lines out of travel paths Create a designated smoking area on the site with a cigarette receptacle Items placed on elevated walkways or platforms should be protected from
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