Final paper - List of Research Wikis
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1. Thad Starner s support so that we can conduct the user study Also Jay Summet gave us a lot of advices on software design and user evaluations REFERENCES 1 Planex s GW AP54PR user manual http www planex net pdf wireless GW AP54PR Manual v1 0 Eng pdf 2 Brad Johanson Armando Fox and Terry Winograd The Interactive Workspaces Project Experiences with Ubiquitous Computing Rooms Pervasive Computing April June 2002 3 Shahram Izadi Harry Brignull Tom Rodden Yvonne Rogers Mia Underwood Dynamo a public interactive surface supporting the cooperative sharing and exchange of media In Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology Foster G Stefik M Cognoter Theory and practice of a Colab orative tool In Proc of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work CSCW 86 ACM Press 1986 Bier E A Freeman S MMM a user interface architecture for shared editors on a single screen In Proc User Interface Software and Technology UIST 91 ACM Press 1991 p 79 86 Myers B A Stiel H Gargiulo R Collaboration Using Multiple PDAs Connected to a PC In Proc on Computer Supported Cooperative Work CSCW 98 ACM Press 1998 Benford S et al Designing Storytelling Technologies to Encourage Collaboration Between Young Children In Proc of Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2000 ACM Press 20002. four groups and conducted two tests Each group did the same job finding photos twice In one test users show their photos by switching a VGA cable In the other test they use our software To avoid order effects 2 groups performed the task using a traditional cabled projector first while the other 2 groups did the task with our software first Totally Agree as 2 to 2 We found the average level of agreement is 1 58 and the standard deviation is 0 42 Therefore we can conclude that the users like our software better As a result we verify our hypothesis Results of observation As to the observation we also measure the time user spent between she initialized the request for the VGA cable and the time she actually showed the image on the projector screen The average time spent by the subjects 1s shown in Figure 9 The total time they spent in the study in shown in Table 2 Figure 7 The control group 9 40 580s 5 40 41 4 17 42 1062s 18 0 Table 2 The total time spent in the study Most results show that the software does improve the usage of time However team 4 has a totally different result than other teams The reason is because subjects in team 4 shared more than one photo every time they plugged in the cable Therefore they saved a lot of time using cable We also calculate the percentage of time used in plugging unplugging the cable see Table 3 We do not calculate the time of switching between us
3. 476s Table 3 The total time of projector usage The cost of projecting one second image means the time spent on plugging cables to show a one second image This table shows how much time the subjects wasted on plugging the cable Average time showing screen image with cable Series1 m m 0 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Time Sec Figure 9 The average time of plugging cable to the projector 3 samples are dropped because the subjects couldn t show the image to the projector and gave up finally Histogram ul i N Bb 0 3 3 6 6 9 9 12 12 15 15 18 18 21 21 24 24 27 27 30 30 33 33 36 Time sec Figure 10 The histogram of average time spent in using cable connection to the projector We also notice some interesting phenomena of user behaviors Subjects tried to maximize the browser window before they showed it to the projector screen At least 10 subjects were doing other things while the study was processing e g reading emails news visiting online stores chatting on IMs The fish theme made subjects confused They didn t know that a whale is not a fish a jellyfish is not a fish a sea horse is not a fish a lobster is not a fish and a dolphin is not a fish Subjects unplugged the cable immediately when they were not using the projector At least 2 subjects pressed the wrong key combination while u
4. Software based Projector Sharing Research Myungcheol Doo and Chih Sung Wu Andy Wu College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 mcdoo andywu cc gatech edu ABSTRACT In this paper we propose a way of sharing image for supporting occasional meetings Our main idea is that the sharing information occurs across public displays that users can easily access and interact with To do this we designed and implemented user friendly software Author Keywords Sharing Projector Display Ubiquitous Computing CSCW ACM Classification Keywords H 5 3 Group and Organization Interfaces Compuer supported cooperative work INTRODUCTION The idea of sharing information through a projector increases efficiency of group activities However sometimes switching between laptops takes a long time or needs to be manipulated to adjust laptop s resolution Those things might hinder or delay ongoing conversation Thus there are needs to share what the user sees on a public display without delaying Also there are lots of expensive projectors or wall displays that are idle If we can create a procedure that people can follow and build devices to share information the rate of usages will increase Because we believe that information sharing should be easy for a group of users and the administration of information sharing should be easy and large displays or projectors are expensive we should try to use the most of them In
5. amiliar with our laptops and some of the subjects complained about no mouse to use Software vs using Cable According to our subjects opinions we create a table Table 4 to compare the advantages and disadvantages In the table it seems the disadvantages of this software are more than the disadvantages of using cable However most of the listed disadvantages of this software are due to the design of the software rather than the nature of sharing projectors using software Therefore it s possible to improve the design in the future OO s pes I know who is using Plug unplug cables I can use extensive Cabled color is wrong desktop How to switch to the Playing videos projector I have to reboot my laptop Plug and pray This Just one click Software Security Identity Very fast Efficient Software anyone can l b it Distance meeting as Any problem just re SPATE aN launch the software Video may be problematic Privacy Table 4 The comparison between the two conditions CONCLUSIONS We find that users do care about privacy In the beginning of this research we considered showing images on a projector screen implies the user is willing to share all information on her screen However the study result tells us we need to redesign the software Also sharing the whole screen seems not to be the solution to the scenario we mention in the previous paragraph Since under privacy concern
6. ead 4 to communicate with the new client The software package can be divided into 2 parts a server running on the computer attached to the projector and clients running on the laptops that are going to show screenshots to the projector The server is a multithreaded program that allows only one thread to receive image data from one client at a time Implementation The software was implemented as a server client structure For image processing we used OpenCV libraries Both client and server side programs are running as a thread in order to perform multiple tasks Server side program opens a socket and waits for a connection from clients Once a client requests it assign a new socket to the client and receive images and shows it on a projector The client program is also running as a background process and EVALUATION AND DISCUSSION The objective of the evaluation plan is to verify if the users prefer to use our software when sharing a projector Our hypothesis is users like this software better and this software makes their work more efficient Experiment Design The objective of the evaluation plan is to verify the usability of software when sharing a projector The user study will be two observations followed by a questionnaire and then a focus group interview The flow of the study will be 10 minutes Introduction practicing getting familiar with the software and hardware grabbing desktop image as a JPEG file and se
7. ers in the experimental group since the projector screen was always showing some information and we could not know the time a user initiated a call for sharing photos Showing tl t2 7 2 7 Image Total Spent in The cost Total on Time plugging of Time projector projecting one ti second image Team 8 42 52 8 346s 0 62s 33 1 1 552s Figure 8 The experimental group In Figure 7 a girl in pink shirt is passing a VGA cable to the girl in right So the projector doesn t show anything in this moment Figure 8 shows people are showing images without any further physical movements After the two observation sessions we gave the participants questionnaires Table xxx shows the questionnaires Right after the questionnaire there was a focus group interview Results of User Study In our pilot run we found that GT Wireless was not stable Therefore we used our own wireless router Since there Team 6 07 28 5 263s 0 71s 20 4 2 367s were not enough wireless Ethernet cards some of participants used cable connection to the router Also some participants have laptop computers while others do not Thus we use a desktop computer in those cases Results of questionnaires We finally recruited 16 subjects from Georgia Tech campus Half of the subjects are females We quantized the questionnaire results by assigning Totally Disagree to Team 3 44 4 224s Team 7 56 82 1 214s 0 45s 36 9 3
8. g the screen to the projector However after the user study we found that this was not the case we were looking for The entire student wanted to do is sharing a piece of information He might be doing his homework of other class and he would not want others to see that part of screen In this case information sharing software is more appropriate than a screen sharing software They need software that allows users to enter the exact information they want to share other than that shares everything on their own screen Research Implications We think that we should redesign the software to meet a goal In a group meeting it is more likely that participants want to share information In a class environment which is a more single person presentation the speaker wants to share the screen As a matter of fact in a single person presentation using a software application like this might not be necessary Unless the speaker is wearing the computer it is not cool to carry the laptop with this software and walking around in the room It will be much cooler if the speaker can control the whole flow of the meeting or class by a small remote controller Future Work There are some issues we need to consider in the future privacy and identification In order to this we can use a user ID or an avatar to show the owner of the screen For privacy issue we might add a function that can choose specific region to share ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thanks to Dr
9. ing video and animation Connection projector j A to GW AP54PR VGA port At any time user can switch display easily for PowerPoint presentation Figure 1 GW AP54PR connection example Besides Planex s device Stanford University presented an Interactive Room iRoom 2 The iRoom contains three touch sensitive displays along the sidewall and a display that was designed to look like a standard conference room table In the iRoom users can do move data that is users in the room are able to move data among the various visualization applications that run on screens in the room and on laptops or PDAs that are brought into the workspace However for users who want just sharing images the 1Room project is too big to use The Dynamo system 3 has been designed as a large publicly accessible interactive surface that allows people to gather around share display and exchange media with others The surface provides a multi cursor environment with each interaction point being represented by a color coded pointer called telepointer Users take control of these telepointers to interact with the surface Dynamo surface is more than sharing display It is designed for exchange digital media with others Single display groupware was developed to support shoulder to shoulder collaboration on a large display with multiple input points Such systems allow multiple users to simultaneously interact with shared applications Early e
10. nding it to the server Focus group interview e ON b Doo Andy Wu ol Figure 5 The welcome screen of the software shows the IP address of the server in the middle of the image Share my screen x To share your screen please enter projector s IP address IP Address ia shown on a screen IP Address 10 0 1 9 Share My Screen Stop Sharing Exit Figure 6 The user can choose the server to connect to Table 1 The flow of user study To interpret the data afterward we videotaped the observation and the focus group user study We expected to recruit 24 subjects and divide them into 6 groups When the participants arrive at the schedule time we introduced the study to participants in detail and ask them to sign the consent form After that we give them time to be familiar with the laptops and our software because based on our pilot test some people don t know how to use a projector We design a task of finding 12 photos that are used for creating a photo calendar The participants have to work collaboratively to accomplish the task In the test participants are asked to find 12 photos by themselves on websites such as google com and flickr com For each proposed photo they have to ask other group members opinions In other words the photo has to be shown to others Once the other members agree with the photo then the photo is used for the calendar The study is a within user test We recruited
11. sing the cable and entered the hibernate mode Some subjects couldn t find the cable Subjects help each other pass the cable Some teams decided a photo for each month and made decision according to the weather of that month while others just chose 12 photos No subjects used the stop sharing button In fact they all ignored that button During the rest time some groups kept playing the photo sharing game using the software but not using the cable One subject forgot she was using the software and looked for the cable One of the subjects kept pressing the wrong hotkey and couldn t switch output to the projector But she did practice before the study began Subjects walked to those with problem using cables and helped them Since the software delayed for 1 or 2 seconds to show the image one group negotiated the order of using the software before sharing the screen Words from the subjects We obtained feedbacks that help us understand the subjects thoughts better from the focus group interviews This is what they said in the discussion I like this software a lot I hope the software encrypt the image before sending out I want to play video using this software The subject had no idea about the frame rate limitation We seldom use projectors like this way Ihave to show everything to others no privacy I don t know who is sharing the screen now Using sof
12. the previous project we developed software that allows a user to share his her screen with others through a projector Unlike the traditional way which is plugging unplugging a VGA cable users install software and click an icon to share their screen We expect that this software will encourage people to share their screen more frequently in a meeting In this project we will do user test to verify our solution RELATED WORK Planex Communication s GW AP54PR 1 is a user friendly projecting device which turns a user s project into a wireless device so that any laptop or desktop computers can easily send VGA signal to the projector through Wireless and Ethernet environment GW AP54PR has almost similar functions that we present here Users can instantly project user s screen to the projector within just one click Also it supports multi users to switch user s computer screen to projector without moving the computer to the projector and switch a VGA cable GW AP54PR Connection Sample O aaa 7 Any Notebooks PCs q ect E 3 with built in Centrino x G with Projector Can oe or Wi Fi card can a easily connect to presenter E3 as Connect to GW AP54PR eos and set up tool mode 2 Easy to Switch Presenter Press on GW AP54PR to switch gk ovo ira aD Ne s Ree candidate a sD sl JEL GW AP54PR High Resolution amp Full Color Support 32 bit XGA 1024x768 color display highly resolution Easy for play
13. tware How about showing two screens on the projected screens This is good for small team discussion Discussion Because we did not have enough wireless cards some laptops used cables to connect to the router We found that these laptops have higher priorities over the wireless ones in the experiment of using software Laptops users using cables can grab the projector screens easier than others This inequitable condition made the users of wireless laptops frustrated We saw them shouting and screaming for not being able to share their screens while we conduct the study It is interesting that during the user study all subjects were doing some tasks that were not requested For example some of them were using IM browsing news or online stores or playing a solitaire card game Whenever they found an interesting image they showed it after they maximized the browser so that other subjects would not see other applications on the projector screen One subject showed part of her web mail interface on the projector screen and other subjects started scorning on her for not concentrating on the study In the focus group discussion some subjects actually said that this software is more efficient even though this questioned was mentioned in the questionnaire Only 4 users used extended desktops in the study Three of them used it because it was the default setting of the laptop We prepared laptops for the subjects But they were not f
14. users want to share only the most important of the information Identity We put the IP address of the laptop using the projector on top of the screen Obviously no one noticed that line Whenever a new image is shown on the screen they kept asking whose screen is that Privacy We did not consider this issue in the beginning of the study However the study results show that users do care about their privacy During the meeting they wanted to hide their private work and showed only the information related to the topic However it seems people use mirrored display rather than the extended desktop when sharing image because not all of them know how to setup the extended desktop Sharing screens vs sharing information During the study one subject tried to show the thumbnails of all photos from the Google image search page He said here are all fish I find just choose one But other subjects thought that was cheating and asked him to stop We did not interfere this incident However we realized one thing we were assuming that the users wanted to share the whole screen of image not just some information There is an anecdote happened in the Ubicomp class one student found an interesting webpage and wanted to show it to the professor immediately The professor asked the student to tell him the address so that he could enter it in his laptop which was connected to the projector We considered this was a perfect example of sharin
15. ver Each client such as a PDA laptop desktop computers and mobile devices download software and connect to the server through TCP IP Once it is connected and the user wants to show her desktop image client software captures desktop image and sends it to the server every seconds The server gets image and show it on a projector From the HCI perspective we devised simple user interfaces Once the software is launched it is hiding in a system tray Users click the icon in a system tray with a right mouse button when she wants to share her screen The software pops up a dialog asking the IP address of the server computer Once the user enters the IP address she can share images by just clicking the icon with a left mouse button Client Internet Client PA 3 ServerThread ImgThread Figure 3 This figure shows how a client server connection establishes When the server is up and running it creates a server thread and listen to port 8888 When a client connects to the server 1 the server creates an image thread 2 that sends and receives the data 3 and shows them on the screen Internet Client ServerThread Client port 8888 Figure 4 This figure shows how a client creates connection with the server while there s another client connecting to the server A client is trying to connect to the server through port 8888 1 The server first kills 2 the previous client 3 After that it creates a new image thr
16. xamples include Cognoter 4 and MMM 5 More recently the Pebbles system 6 has explored how PDAs can provide concurrent input to a shared display Similarly Kidpad 7 supports multi mice input with a view to promoting collaboration within the classroom SOLUTION We intend to build software that can send the laptop screen to a projector connected to We expect an application with one click sharing function will help users work more efficiently using projectors User Scenario Thad was teaching CS 7470 using a projector He showed a website to his students But one student found another interesting website and he wanted to showed it to the class too However he could not show the website from his seat Therefore he spoke out the address of the website to Thad and asked Thad to show it to the class System Setup We construct a prototype of sharing a projector and created a software application for sharing images via Wireless and Ethernet environment Figure 2 shows how the system architecture consists of A projector which stands for a public display that users want to use for sharing images is connected to a server computer through a VGA cable A server computer will be customized in the future as a small device so that the projector can embed VGA Cable Projector TCP IP Sever Figure 2 The system architecture On idle the server shows a screen that shows an IP address of the computer and how to connect to the ser
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